t: \ /k 1 IF V 1 f- . f \ u\t " / " t- u D R5 , NEW HAMPSHIRE IN THE GREAT REBELLION. CONTAINING HISTORIES OF THE SEVERAL NEW HAMPSHIRE REGIMENTS, AND BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES OF MANY OF THE PROMINENT ACTORS THE CIVIL WAR OF 1861-65. BY MAJOR OTIS F. R. WAITE, 4UTHOB or "YERMONT IN THE GREAT REBELLION," "CLAREMONT WAR HISTORY," ito. CLAREMONT, N. H.: PUBLISHED BY TRACY, CHASE A COMPANY. 1870. Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1870, bj OTIS F. R. WAITE, In the Clerk s Office of the District Court of the District of New Hampshire, Stereotyped, Printed and Bound at the Book Establishment of THB CLARKMONT MANUFACTURING COMPAHT. TO THE PEOPLE OF NEW HAMPSHIRE, AND HER SURVIVING MILITARY HEROES WHO FOUGHT IN THE GREAT NATIONAL CONFLICT, 1861-63, THIS 300K IS REVERENTLY INSCRIBED BY THE AUTHOR. MI8S320 ILLUSTRATIONS. PAOX. 1. GOVERNOR ICHABOD GOODWIN, Frontspiece. 2. NATHANIEL S. BERRY, 92 3. " FREDERICK SMYTH 582 4. GENERAL SIMON G. GRIFFIN, 306 5. JOHN BEDEL 182 6. " NATT HEAD 600 7. " SAMUEL A. DUNC?AN 505 8. " JOSEPH C. ABBOTT 348 9. " AARON F. STEVENS 483 10. COLONEL ENOCH Q. FELLOWS 402 11. " EDWARD E. CROSS, 262 12. BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG, , 152 13. CHARGE AT FREDERICKSBURG, 282 14. THE SHARPSHOOTER... ,..566 PREFACE. IF New Hampshire did not do as much toward the suppression of the late Great Rebellion as any of her sister States, it was because she is circumscribed in territorial limits and has a smaller population and less wealth than some of the others, and not for want of fidelity to the Union or loyalty to the Gen eral Government. What she had was freely placed upon the altar of her country. When the national flag on the ramparts of Sumter was ruthlessly assailed by traitors and the President called upon the State for aid to protect the honor, the rights and property of the government from rebels in arms against them, she acted promptly, energetically, patriotically. Bank vaults and private coffers were thrown wide open and their contents placed at the service of the State authorities ; her young men left their farms, factories, workshops, stores, counting-houses, schools and colleges and took up arms with alacrity. They were. sent to the field as well armed and equipped for the duties before them as troops from any other State. They fought as often, as bravely, and suffered as much in battle, in the trenches, in camp, hospitals and rebel prisons as those from any other State, and made as little complaint. To make a history of all the noble and heroic deeds of the brave men of New Hampshire in the field, and the patriotic action of the State, would require many volumes of the size of this one. The author hoped only to give a gener al view, rather than full details. Influenced by no partiality for any man or organization, he has endeavored to deal justly by all who acted prominent parts in and during the war, so far as his circumscribed limits would permit. If much has been (knitted which might rightfully claim a place in this book, great pains have been taken to make its history correct, so far as it goes, and to give credit where credit fairly belongs. The author is under obligations to many gentlemen for valuable assistance in preparing this book. To Adjutant General Natt Head, for his invaluable Reports covering the period of the war, from which histories of the organiza tion and movements of many of the regiments have been condensed, and other documents without a free use of which the present work must have been much less perfect than it is. To General John Bedel of the Third ; Rev. Ste phen G. Abbott, Chaplain of the First ; Rev. John W. Adams, Chaplain of VI PEEFACE. the Second ; Colonel Thomas J. Whipple, of the Fourth; Colonel J. E. Larkin, of the Fifth; Dr. Sherman Cooper, of the Sixth, and C^onel Robert Wilson, of the Fourteenth, for aid in the preparation of the history of their several regiments. To Hon. Charles H. Bell, of Exeter and J. E. Pecker, of Concord, for contributions. To Colonel John B. Clarke, of the Manchester Mirror, for the use of his files, and to many other gentlemen who have shown interest in the work and extended needed favors. The portraits presented in this volume are of New Hampshire men who acted their parts in the great tragic drama, at home or in the field, nobly and patriotically. Many others deserve a place here, but for reasons beyond the author s control, could not be obtained. With all its short-comings and imperfections this book is submitted to the people of New Hampshire, with the hope that at no very distant day a more elaborate and complete history may be written and published of the patriotic action of the State, and of the heroic deeds of her brave troops in the War of the Great Rebellion, than has here been attempted. O. F. B. W. CLABKMONT, April A. D. 1870. CONTENTS. PAGE. Action of New Hampshire Part II 49 Action of the State, 87 Biographical Sketches, 577 Summary of New Hampshire Troops, 574 The Rebellion Part I, 9 Three Months Troops, 52 BATTLES, of Antietam, 279, 320, 409 Attack on Petersburg, 491 Attack on Port Hudson, 379 Bull Run, 134 Bull Run Second, 145 Cedar Creek, 512 Chancellorsville, 471 Chargeon Fort Wagner, 197, 357 Cold Harbor, 159 Drury s Bluff, 203 Fair Oaks 141 Fort Harrison, 440 Fredericksburg, 148, 282, 322, 410, 454 Gettysburg, 152, 287 South Mountain, 408 Spottsylvania 415 Williamsburg, 139 Winchester, 511 Seven Days Fight, 142 Siege of Knoxville, 456 Wilson s Raid, 551 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES of Abbott, General Joseph C 348 Bailey, Colonel Edward L 123 Bedel, General John 182 Bell, Colonel Louis 225 Berry, Governor Nathaniel S 579 Bixby, Colonel Phin P 311 Colby, General Anthony 600 Colby, General Daniel E 601 Converse, Colonel Nelson 306 Collins, Lieut. Colonel Moses N 452 Cross, Colonel Edward E 262 Dame, Miss Harriet P 124 Donohoe, General Michael T 427 Duncan, General Samuel A 505 Everett, Major George Washington...407 Fearing, Colonel Hawkes, Jr 372- Fellows, Colonel Enoch Q 402 Foster, General John G 607 Gardiner, Colonel Alexander 503 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. PAGE Gilmore, Governor Joseph A 581 Goodwin, Governor Ichabxjd 677 Griffin, General Simon G 306 Hapgood, Colonel Charles E 268 Harriman, General Walter ...449 Head, General Natt 601 Henderson, Lieut. Col. Thos. Albert..352 Jackson, Colonel John II 181 Kingman, Colonel John W 519 Lull, Lieut. Col. Oliver Woodbury....373 Marston. General Oilman 116 Patterson, General J. N 121 Pearson, Lieut. Colonel Henry H 312 Pike, Colonel James 530 Potter, General Joseph H 469 Putnam, Colonel Haldimand S 345 Smith, Major Daniel 354 Smyth, Governor*Frederick 582 Stevens, General Aaron Fletcher 483 Sturtevant, Major Edward E 270 Tappan, Colonel Mason W 59 Titus, Colonel Herbert B 406 Whipple, Colonel Thomas J 223 Wilson, Colonel Robert 502 REGIMENTS First 57 Second 103 Third, .169 Fourth, 215 Fifth 252 Sixth, 297 Seventh, ....338 Eighth, 365 " Veteran Battalion, 389 Ninth, 396 Tenth, 421 Eleventh, 444 Twelfth - 462 Thirteenth, 478 Fourteenth, 496 Fifteenth, 516 Sixteenth, 528 Seventeenth, 535 Eighteenth, 538 First Cavalry 544 First Light Battery, 555 First Heavy Artillery, .560 Sharpshooters, 567 THE REBELLION. FA.RT I. POSITION OF AFFAIRS PREVIOUS TO AND AT THE TIME OF THE BREAKING OUT OF THE WAR. FROM the day of the adoption of the Constitution there has been an antagonism "between the North ern and the Southern portions of the United States. That Constitution contains not one word hostile to lib erty and humanity. In it, however, is a single phrase which has been interpreted differently by the different sections of the country "held to labor." At the North, these simple, harmless words mean a hired man, an apprentice. At the South, they mean a slave, feudal bondage, the right of property in man, and all the attendant oppressions and cruelties. From these differ ent constructions of the spirit of the organic law of the country, and the widely different modes of life and of thought, the antagonism between the North and the South has grown with the growth and strengthened with the strength of the nation. Mr. Iverson, of Georgia, in speaking on this subject in the United States Senate, on the 5th of December, 1860, said, "Sir. disguise the fact as you will, there is an enmity between the Northern and the Southern people, which is deep 10 THE GREAT REBELLION. and enduring, and you can never eradicate it never. .... We are enemies as much as if we were hostile States. We have not lived in peace. We are not now living in peace. It is not expected that we shall ever live in peace." Mr. Mason, of Virginia, in the same debate, said, " This is a war of sentiment and opinion, by one form of society against another form of society." Garrett Davis, senator from Kentucky, said, "The Cotton States, by their slave labor, have become wealthy, and many of their planters have princely revenues from fifty to one hundred thousand dollars a year. This wealth has begot pride, and insolence, and ambi tion; and those points of the Southern character have been displayed most insultingly in the halls of Congress. As a class, the wealthy cotton growers are insolent, they are proud, they are domineering, they are ambitious. They have monopolized the government in its honors for forty or fifty years, with few interruptions. When they saw the scepter about to depart from them, in the election of Abraham Lincoln, sooner than give up office, and the spoils of office, in their mad and wicked ambi tion, they determined to disrupt the old Confederation, and erect a new one, wherein they would have undis puted power. Nine out of ten of the Northern people were sound upon the subject. They were opposed to the extension of slavery ; and I do not condemn them for that : but they were willing to accord to the slave holders all their constitutional rights." The slaveholders had become arrogant in their de mands upon Congress, claiming that the Constitution favored freedom, free labor, and free schools, and that it should be so far changed as to maintain the exclusive claims of an aristocratic class, and to strengthen their hold upon their slaves. They insisted that the domestic slave trade should be nurtured, and the foreign slave THE GREAT REBELLION. 11 trade opened. They demanded the right to extend slavery over all the Territories of the United States; the right to hold their slaves in all the States of the Union temporarily; that speaking or writing against slavery in any State of the Union should be a penal offense; that the North should catch their fugitive slaves, and send them back to bondage; and that the administration of the General Government should be placed in the hands of those only whom the South could trust, as the pledged enemies of republican equality, and the friends of slavery. These were the demands of the South, which, they said, must be acceded to, or they would dash the Union to pieces and from the fragments construct a Confederacy, with slavery for its corner stone. In the election of Abraham Lincoln to the Presi dency, in 1860, the people of the United States said, most emphatically, " We will not accede to these arro gant and wicked demands. We will not thus change the Constitution of our fathers. We will abide by it as it is." In an appeal to the ballot-box the slaveholders were fairly and overwhelmingly defeated, and they determined to secede and break up the Union. As long ago as 1856, Hon. Preston Brooks, of South Carolina, said, in a speech in Charleston, at an ovation given in his honor, for his brutal assault upon Senator Sumner, of Massachusetts, for words spoken in debate in his place in the Senate, " I tell you, fellow-citizens, from the bottom of my heart, that the only mode which I think available for meeting it [the issue], is just to tear the Constitution of the United States, trample it under foot, and form a Southern Confederacy, every State of which shall be a Slaveholding State." Mr. Hunter, of Virginia, detailed in the Senate of the United States the changes in the Constitution with 12 THE GREAT REBELLION. which alone the Slaveholders would be satisfied. His demands were : 1. Congress shall have no power to abolish slavery in the States, or the District of Columbia, or the dock yards, forts, and arsenals of the United States. 2. Congress shall not abolish, tax, or obstruct the slave trade between the States. 3. It shall be the duty of each of the States to sup press combination, within its jurisdiction, for the arm ed invasion of any other State. 4. States shall be admitted with or without slavery, according to the election of the people. 5. It shall be the duty of the States to restore fugi tive slaves, or pay the value of the same. 6. Fugitives from justice shall be deemed those who have offended the laws of the State within its jurisdic tion, and shall have escaped therefrom. 7. Congress shall recognize and protect as property, what is held to be such by the laws of any State, in the Territories, dockyards, arsenals, forts, and wherever the United States have exclusive jurisdiction. Mr. Hunter also demanded that there should always be two Presidents chosen, one by the Slavholding States, and the other by the North, and that no act should be valid unless approved by both Presidents. Thus giving to not more than three hundred thousand slaveholders as much power in the government as to the other thirty millions of population. He also demanded that the United States Supreme Court should consist of ten members, five to be chosen by the little handful of slaveholders, and the other five by the millions of freemen. To accomplish their purpose, every man at the South was to be compelled, by the reign of terror, to support the cause of the slaveholders. Vigilance committees were organized, the mails were searched, and a system THE ORE AT REBELLION. 13 of espionage introduced, such as no despotism on earth ever before equalled. A gentleman from Hinds County, Mississippi, wrote to the editor of the New York Tribune, under date of February 7, 1861 : "I have lived in this State twenty-five years. Yet if I should say, not openly upon the housetop, but at my own table, among my family and friends congregated there, that I do not consider that the South has any real grievance to complain of, and totally oppose the secession of this or any other State from the Union, my property, my life even, would not be safe an hour. It is very certain that those who are in favor of secession have no more than a bare majority in any of the South ern States. We, the Union men of the South, call on you of the North not to desert us." The slaveholders demanded further, in addition to the right of the general extension of slavery, that the laws of the Free States should be so changed as to enable them to hold their enslaved servants at the North tem porarily, while, at the same time, they refused to allow a Northern gentleman even to enter their States with a free hired colored servant. The candidates for President in 1860 were Abraham Lincoln, of Illinois, nominated by the Republican party, who was openly pledged to resist the extension of slavery, while he avowed that Congress had no consti tutional right to interfere with slavery in those States where it existed, but that it was both the right and the duty of Congress to prohibit slavery in all the United States Territories. John C. Breckinridge of Ken tucky, was the candidate of the slaveholders, pledged to administer the government in the most effectual way to nurture and to give increasing political power to the institution of slavery. Stephen A. Douglas, of Illinois, and John Bell, of Tennessee, were supported by those who wished to effect some compromise, 14 THE GREAT REBELLION. and who were ready, for the sake of avoiding civil war, to make very great concessions to the South. The election took place on the 6th of November, and the result of the popular vote was, for electors : Lincoln, 1,857,610; Douglas, 1,365,976; Breckinridge, 847,953; Bell, 591,613; giving Lincoln the electoral votes of seventeen out of the thirty-three States; eleven for Breckinridge ; three for Bell, and one Missouri with three-sevenths of New Jersey, for Douglas. Mr. Lincoln received the electoral votes of California, 4; Connecticut, 6; Illinois, 11; Indiana, 13; Iowa, 4; Maine, 8; Massachusetts, 13; Michigan, 6; Minnesota, 4; New Hampshire, 5; New Jersey, 4; New York, 35; Ohio, 23; Oregon, 3; Pennsylvania, 27; Rhode Island, 4; Vermont, 5; Wisconsin, 5 180. John C. Breckin ridge received the votes of Alabama, 9; Arkansas, 4; Delaware, 3; Florida, 3; Georgia 10; Louisiana, 6; Maryland, 8; Mississippi, 7; North Carolina, 10; South Carolina, 8 ; Texas, 4 72. Stephen A. Douglas, receiv ed the votes of Missouri, 9, and 3 of the 7 votes of New Jersey 12. John Bell received the votes of Kentucky, 12; Tennessee, 12; Virginia, 1539. Hannibal Hamlin, of Maine, was elected Vice-President, receiving 180 electoral votes, while Joseph Lane received 72, Edward Everett 39, and Herschel V. Johnson 12. The electors chosen in New Hampshire were, John Sullivan, of Exeter; Ebenezer Stevens, of Meredith,; David Gillis, of Nashua; Nathaniel Tolles, of Claremont; and Daniel Blaisdell, of Hanover. On the fifteenth of February, in the presence of the two Houses of Congress, the Electoral votes were officially counted and declared by John C. Breckinridge, the slaveholders candidate for President, who was at that time Vice-President and the President of the Senate. Amid deadly silence, the result was announced as follows : One hundred and eighty votes were cast for THE GREAT REBELLION. 15 Abraham Lincoln; seventy-two for John C. Breckin- ridge; thirty-nine for John Bell; twelve for Stephen A. Douglas. This gave to Abraham Lincoln a majority of fifty-seven votes over all the other candidates. Where upon the Yice-President rising, said, "Abraham Lin coln, of Illinois, having received a majority of the whole number of electoral votes, is duly elected Presi dent of the United States for the four years commenc ing on the 4th of March, 1861. And Hannibal Hamlin, of Maine, having received a majority of the whole num ber of electoral votes, is duly elected Yice-President for the same term." This was a day of great excitement in Washington. It was a slaveholding city, in the midst of slaveholding States, and fire-eaters from the South were there in great numbers, and had boldly threatened that the announce ment of the vote for President should not be made, and that the government should be broken up in a row. James Buchanan was then President; had been intim idated by the slaveholders, and, if he was not in sympa thy with them, had not the courage to prepare to meet and thwart their threats of violence. In that crisis the nation could place but little reliance upon his efficiency, and reposed but little confidence in his patriotism. General Winfield Scott had prepared to meet any emer gency that might arise, by drawing to the city a military force and so planting their guns as to sweep the streets at the first outbreak, thus overawing the conspirators; and the day passed quietly, and everything was done with decency and in order. On the 20th of December, 1860, a convention of a few score of slaveholders in South Carolina, led off" in the rebellion, and passed the following resolution : ""We, the people of the State of South Carolina, in convention assembled, do declare and ordain, and it is 16 THE GREAT REBELLION. hereby declared and ordained, that the ordinance adopt ed by us in convention, on the 23d of May, in the year of our Lord 1788, whereby the Constitution of the United States of America was ratified, and also all acts, and parts of acts, of the General Assembly of this State ratifying the amendments of said Constitution, are hereby repealed, and that the Union now subsisting between South Carolina and other States, under the name of the United States of America, is hereby dissolved." In the course of the month of January, 1861, the States of Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Missis sippi, and North Carolina followed, and adopted similar acts of secession to that adopted by South Carolina; and, on the 4th of February, forty-two delegates, repre senting these seven seceded States, met at Montgomery, Alabama, and proceeded to organize a Southern Confed eracy of these, with such others as might subsequently be added, and elected Jefferson Davis, President, and Alexander H. Stephens, Vice-President. On the 18th of the same month, Jefferson Davis was inaugurated President at Montgomery. President Buchanan s cabinet was composed of slave holders, and others who favored Southern principles. In November, as soon as the result of the presidential election was known, these men set at work to embarrass and cripple the government, that its capital, forts, arse nals, public property, and munitions of war might easily fall into the hands of the wicked conspirators against the Union. Lewis Cass, of Michigan, was Sec retary of State, and tried to persuade the President to take steps to avert the impending calamity, and protect the public property; failing in which, he resigned in December, and was succeeded by Jeremiah S. Black, of Pennsylvania. Ilowell Cobb, a slaveholder from Geor gia, was Secretary of the Treasury. When he entered THE ORE AT REBELLION. 17 upon office, the national treasury was in a healthy and prosperous condition. He resigned, and took an office under the conspirators. More than six millions of dol lars had been stolen, and, when his successor went into office, the treasury was on the verge of bankruptcy. Jacob Thompson, a Mississippi slaveholder, was Secre tary of the Interior, and did all in his power to aid the conspirators. John B. Floyd, a Virginia slaveholder, was Secretary of War. There was a plan on foot which, thank God, was discovered in season to thwart it to assassinate the President elect when on his way to Washington to take his seat. In the panic, which it was supposed would ensue, troops from the adjacent Slave States of Mary land and Virginia were to seize upon Washington and all its treasures, and make it the capital of the new Confederacy. To this end the United States army but a few thousands in number was so disposed that the soldiers could not rally to the support of the government, while the arsenals at the North were despoiled, the arms sent to the Slave States, and the fortifications in those States seized and garrisoned by the conspirators. Having accomplished all this, Floyd sent in his resignation, joined the rebels, and was appointed a general in their army. Most of the clerks and employees in the different departments of the government at Washington were in sympathy with the conspirators, and many were actively aiding them in their damnable plots to overthrow the best government that the sun ever shone upon. Isaac Toucey, of Connecticut, was Secretary of the Navy. According to the report of his successor to Congress, July 4, 1861, our fleet in February, 1861, con sisted of ninety vessels of all classes, carrying two thousand four hundred and fifteen guns ; and was manned by a complement of about seven thousand six 18 THE GREAT REBELLION. hundred men, exclusive of officers and marines. Not withstanding the necessity for the presence of this fleet in our own waters to aid the government*in this trying hour, it was dispersed, for no good excuse; the Brook lyn, twenty-five guns, and the store-ship Relief, two guns, only remaining, to defend the entire Atlantic coast. On the 21st of February, 1861, a select committee of five, appointed by the House of Representatives, in a report upon the conduct of the Secretary of the Navy, after stating what disposition had been made of our naval force, said : "The committee cannot fail to call attention to this extraordinary disposition of the entire naval force of the country, and especially in connection with the pres ent no less extraordinary and critical juncture of our political affairs. They cannot call to mind any period in the past history of the country, of such profound peace and internal repose, as would justify so entire an abandonment of the coast of the country to the chance of fortune. Certainly since the nation possessed a navy, it has never before sent its entire available force into distant seas, and exposed the immense interests at home, of which it is the especial guardian, to the dangers from which, even in times of the utmost quiet, prudence and forecast do not always shelter them. " To the committee this disposition of the naval force, at this most critical period, seems extraordinary. The permitting of vessels to depart for distant seas after these unhappy difficulties had broken out at home, the omission to put in repair and commission, ready for orders, a single one of the twenty-eight ships dismantled and unfit for service, in our own ports, and that, too, while $646,639.79 of the appropriation for repairs in the navy, the present year, remained unexpended, were, in the opinion of the committee, grave errors, without justification or excuse." THE GREAT REBELLION. 19 All these, and many other like wicked acts, were being committed under the eye and with the knowledge of President Buchanan, and by officers whom he had the power to displace at any moment, and yet he never raised his hand to prevent or check them. There were a few leading and influential men in the slave States, slaveholders themselves, who wiser than the rest, were opposed to secession and the disruption of the old Union, but were soon forced to acquiesce in the schemes and movements of the conspirators. They were whipped into the ranks of the rebellion. It was not sufficient for them to remain silent or neutral, but they must be active for treason, or their property and lives were at the mercy of a set of fiends who showed no mercy. Alexander H. Stephens, for many years a member of the United States House of Representatives from Geor gia, and one of the most influential men in that State, opposed secession. In a speech to an immense gather ing of his constituents at Milledgeville, on the 14th of November, 1860, he said: "The first question that presents itself is, Shall the people of the South secede from the Union in conse quence of the election of Mr. Lincoln to the Presidency of the United States? My countrymen, I tell you frankly, candidly, and earnestly, that I do not think that they ought. In my judgment, the election of no man, constitutionally chosen to that high office, is sufficient cause for any State to separate from the Union. It ought to stand by and aid still in maintaining the Constitution of the country. To make a point of resist ance to the Government to withdraw from it, because a man has been constitutionally elected puts us in the wrong. We are pledged to maintain the Constitution. Many of us have sworn to support it. Can we, there fore, for the mere election of a man to the Presidency 20 THE GH&AT REBELLION. and that, too, in accordance with the prescribed forms of the Constitution make a point of resistance to the Government, and without ^coming the breakers of that sacred instrument ourselves, withdraw ourselves from it? Would we not be in the wrong? Whatever fate is to befall this country, let it never be laid to the charge of the people of the South, and especially of the people of Georgia, that we were untrue to our National engagements. Let the fault and the wrong rest upon others. If all our hopes are to be blasted, if the Repub lic is to go down, let us be found to the last moment standing on the deck, with the Constitution of the United States waving over our heads. Let the fanatics of the North break the Constitution, if such is their fell purpose. Let the responsibility be upon them. I shall speak presently more of their acts; but let not the South, let us not be the ones to commit the aggression. We went into the election with this people ; the result was different from what we wished; but the election has been constitutionally held. Were we to make a point of resistance to the Government, and go out of the Union on that account, the record would be made up hereafter against us. "But, it is said, Mr. Lincoln s policy and principles are against the Constitution, and that, if he carries them out, it will be destructive of our rights. Let us not anticipate a threatened evil. If he violates the Constitution, then will come our time to act. Do not let us break it, because, forsooth, he may. If he does, that is the time for us to strike. I think it would be injudicious and unwise to do this sooner. I do not anticipate that Mr. Lincoln will do anything to jeopard ize our safety or security, whatever may be his spirit to do it; for he is bound by the constitutional checks which are thrown around him, which, at this time, ren der him powerless to do any great mischief. This shows THE GREAT REBELLION. 21 the wisdom of our system. The President of the United States is no Emperor, no Dictator he is clothed with no absolute power. He can do nothing unless he is backed by power in Congress. The House of Eepre- sentatives is largely in the majority against him. In the Senate, he will also be powerless. There will be a majority of four against him: This, after the loss of Bigler, Fitch, and others, by the unfortunate dissensions of the Democratic party in their States. Mr. Lincoln cannot appoint an officer without the consent of the Senate he cannot form a Cabinet without the same consent. He will be in the condition of George III. (the embodiment of Toryism), who had to ask the Whigg to appoint his Ministers, and was compelled to receive a Cabinet utterly opposed to his views; and so Mr. Lin coln will be compelled to ask of the Senate to choose for him a Cabinet, if the Democracy of that body choose to put him on such terms. He will be compelled to do this, or let the Government stop, if the National Democratic men for that is their name at the 2s"orth the conservative men in the Senate should so determine. Then, how can Mr. Lincoln obtain a Cabinet which would aid him, or allow him, to violate the Constitution ? "Why, then, I say, should we disrupt the bonds of this Union, when his hands are tied when he can do nothing against us? "I believe in the power of the people to govern them selves when wisdom prevails, and passion is silent. Look at what has already been done by them for their advancement in all that ennobles man. There is nothing like it in the history of the world. Look abroad, from one extent of the country to the other; contemplate our greatness : we are now among the first nations of the earth. Shall it, then, be said that our institutions, founded upon principles of self-government, are a failure ? 22 THE GREAT REBELLION. " Thus far it is a noble example, worthy of imitation. The gentleman (Mr. Cobb), the other night, said it had proven a failure. A failure in what? In growth? Look at our expanse in National power? Look at our population and increase in all that makes a people great ! A failure ? Why, we are the admiration of the civilized world, and present the brightest hopes of mankind. " Some of our public men have failed in their aspira tions ; that is true ; and from that comes a great part of our troubles. "No! there is no failure of this Government yet. We have made great advancement under the Constitu tion ; and I cannot but hope that we shall advance still higher. Let us be true to our cause." Early in January, 1861, Georgia passed an act of secession, and joined the other States that had with drawn from the Union; and in February, Mr. Stephens accepted the office of Vice-President of the new Con federacy, and traversed the Slave States, and exerted all his powers to rouse the people to war against the gov ernment of the United States. The first plan of the rebels was to break up the gov ernment of the United States, take possession of its capital, navy yards, armories, arsenals, and fortifica tions, preparatory for the outbreak. When all this was done it was supposed there would be but a feeble resist ance on the part of the people of the North. The government was to be reorganized, with slavery estab lished in all the States and Territories, and Jefferson Davis as its head. All arrangements for carrying out this scheme had been deliberately and carefully made, and were apparently near consummation, before the people of the North could be made to comprehend the possibility of such a movement by any considerable portion of the people of the Slave States. THE GREAT REBELLION. 23 One part of this most wicked and damnable plot was to assassinate President Lincoln as he passed through Baltimore, on his way to Washington, to be inaugurat ed. It was discovered in season, however, to prevent such a great calamity to the country. He left his home at Springfield, 111., on the llth of February, accompa nied by his family and a few friends. At all the cities and large towns on his route the people assembled and gave him most enthusiastic receptions, and he replied to addresses of welcome at several different places. At Columbus, Ohio, he said : "I have not maintained silence from any want of real anxiety. It is a good thing that there is no more than anxiety; for there is nothing going wrong. It is a con soling circumstance that, when we look out, there is nothing that really hurts anybody. "We entertain differ ent views upon political questions : but nobody is suffer ing anything. This is a most consoling circumstance; and from it we may conclude that all we want is time, patience, and a reliance on that God w r ho has never for saken this people." At Pittsburgh, Pa., on the 15th, he said: " Notwithstanding the troubles across the river [the speaker pointing southwardly across the Monongahela, and smiling], there is no crisis but an artificial one. What is there now to warrant the condition of affairs presented by our friends over the river? Take even their own views of the questions involved, and there is nothing to justify the course they are pursuing. I repeat, then, there is no crisis, except such a one as may be gotten up at any time by turbulent men, aided by designing politicians. My advice to them, under the circumstances, is to keep cool. If the great American, people only keep their temper both sides of the line, the trouble will come to an end, and the question which now distracts the country be settled, just as surely as 24 THE GREAT REBELLION. all other difficulties, of a like character, which have orig inated in this Government, have been adjusted. Let the people on both sides keep their self-possession, and, just as other clouds have cleared away in due time, so will this great nation continue to prosper as heretofore." At Philadelphia he assisted at the raising of the United States flag over Independence Hall, and in reply to an address of welcome, said : " I have often pondered over the dangers incurred by the men who assembled here, and framed and adopted that Declaration of Independence. I have pondered over the toils that were endured by the officers and soldiers of the army who achieved that Independence. I have often inquired of myself, what great principle or idea it was that kept this confederacy so long together. It was not the mere matter of the separation of the Colonies from the mother-land ; but that sentiment in the Declaration of Independence which gave Liberty, not alone to the people of this country, but, I hope, to the world, for all future time. It was that which gave promise that, in due time, the weight should be lifted from the shoulders of all men. This is a sentiment embodied in the Declaration of Independence. Now, my friends, can this country be saved on that basis ? If it can, I will consider myself one of the happiest men in the world, if I can help to save it. If it cannot be saved on that basis, it will be truly awful. But, if this country cannot be saved without giving up that principle, I was about to say that I would rather be assassinated on this spot than surrender it. Now, in my view of the present aspect of affairs, there need be no bloodshed or war. There is no necessity for it. I am not in favor of such a course; and I may say, in advance, that there will be no bloodshed, unless it be forced upon the Government, and then it will be com pelled to act in self-defense." THE GREAT REBELLION. 25 The loyal people of Baltimore had made preparations to testify their respect for the President elect, by a large gathering, procession, and other ceremonies, while the conspirators had arranged to get up a riot at the depot, on his arrival, during which the President, unarmed and unprotected, was to be stabbed or shot. This plan was discovered by the police, who informed General Scott and senator Seward, and Frederick W. Seward, son of the senator, was immediately dispatched to meet the President, and inform him of the danger to his life. He had a public reception at Harrisburgh, after which, with a few of his friends, he retired to his private apartments at the hotel about six o clock in the evening, and as he was known to be weary, was not interrupted. As soon as it was dark, he, in company with Colonel Lamon, unobserved, entered a hack and drove to the Pennsylvania railroad, where a special train was waiting for him. The telegraph wires were in the mean time cut, so that the knowledge of his departure, if discov ered or suspected, could not be .sent abroad. The train reached Philadelphia at half-past ten o clock that night. They drove immediately across the city to the Balti more and Washington depot. The regular night train was just leaving, at a quarter past eleven. They took berths in a sleeping-car, and, without any change, pass ed directly through Baltimore, and arrived at "Washing ton safely and unexpectedly, at half-past six o clock next morning, being the 23d of February. Thus was an important part of the scheme of the rebels frustrated, and the proposed attempt to seize the capital preven ted by the energy and watchfulness of the friends of the incoming administration. The conspirators had counted on a divided !N"orth, believing there* were many friends of their cherished institution here who would join them in their rebellion 26 THE GREAT REBELLION. against the government. Here, again, they made a great mistake ; for when the people of Jhe Free States were aware of the wicked plot to break up the Union, and the extent of it, they arose as one man to meet the emergency; and the Northern men, with Southern sympathies, found themselves in a most disgraceful and hopeless minority. And the plan to invade the Northern States had to be abandoned, while General Scott, contrary to the wish of President Buchanan, who seemed to be completely under control of the slave power, had gathered nearly three hundred troops in and about the capital for its protection. On the retirement of the traitor Floyd from the War Department, Hon. Joseph Holt, of Kentucky, was appointed to fill the place. He cooperated w r ith Gen eral Scott in the adoption of vigorous measures for the protection of Washington from the menaced capture by the rebels, which greatly alarmed them. On the 18th of February, Mr. Holt addressed a letter to President Buchanan, in reply to a resolution of the House of Representatives, inquiring into the state of the defenses of Washington, from which the following extracts are made: " The scope of the question submitted by the House will be sufficiently met by dealing with the facts as they exist, irrespective of the cause from which they have proceeded. That revolution has been distinguished by a boldness and completeness of success rarely equalled in the history of civil commotions. Its overthrow of the Federal authority has not only been sudden and widespread, but has been marked by excesses which have alarmed all, and been sources of profound humil iation to a large portion of the American people. Its history is a history of surprises and treacheries, and ruthless spoliations. The forts of the* United States have been captured and garrisoned, and hostile flags THE GREAT REBELLION. 27 unfurled upon their ramparts. Its arsenals have been seized, and the vast amount of public arms they con tained appropriated to the use of the captors; while more than half a million of dollars, found in the mint at New Orleans, have been unscrupulously applied to replenish the coffers of Louisiana. Officers in command of revenue cutters of the United States have been pre vailed on to violate their trusts, and surrender the prop erty in their charge; and instead of being branded for their crimes, they and the vessels they betrayed have been cordially received into the service of the seceded States." After reiterating the acts of the conspirators, the information that had reached his department upon the subject, the necessity for immediate and decided action, and telling the President what steps he had taken to save the government from humiliation and disgrace, Secretary Holt closes his letter as follows : "Already this display of life and loyalty on the part of your administration has produced the happiest effects. Public confidence has been restored, and the feverish apprehension, which it was so mortifying to con template, has been banished. Whatever may have been the machinations of deluded, lawless men, the execu tion of their purposes has been suspended, if not alto gether abandoned, in view of preparations, which announce more impressively than words, that this administration is alike able and resolved to transfer in peace to the President elect the authority that, under the Constitution, belongs to him. To those, if such there be, who desire the destruction of the republic, the presence of these troops is necessarily offensive. But those who sincerely love our institutions, cannot fail to rejoice that, by this timely precaution, they have prob ably escaped the deep dishonor which they must have Buffered had the capital, like the forts and arsenals of 28 THE GREAT REBELLION. the South, fallen into the hands of revolutionists, who have found this great government weal^ only because, in the exhaustless beneficence of its spirit, it has refused to strike, even in its own defense, lest it should wound the aggressors." One Breshwood, a Virginian, who was in command of the revenue cutter McLelland, infamously surrender ed his vessel to the rebels at New Orleans ; and Captain Morrison surrendered the revenue cutter Cass to the rebels at Mobile. The rebels seized Fort Morgan at Mobile, and called upon Lieutenant John N. Maffit, who was in command of the Crusader, which was exposed to the fire of the fort, to surrender his vessel to the " Alabama Navy." The noble lieutenant replied, " I may be overpowered; but in that event, what will be left of the Crusader will not be worth taking." He saved his vessel, which afterwards rendered signal service in the Gulf. On the 3d of February, 1861, Lieutenant J. H. Hamil ton, of South Carolina, ordered Captain Porter to sur render his ship to the rebels. The following is Captain Porter s noble reply: "You, sir, have called upon your brother officers, not only to become traitors to their country, but to betray their sacred trust, and deliver up the ships under their command. This infamous appeal would, in ordinary times, be treated with the contempt it deserves. But I feel it a duty I owe myself, and brother officers with whom I am associated, to reply and state, that all under my command are true and loyal to the Stars and Stripes, and to the Constitution. My duty is plain before me. The constitutional govern ment of the United States has entrusted me with the command of this beautiful ship, and before I will per mit any other flag than the i Stars and Stripes to fly at her peak, I will fire a pistol into her magazine, and blow her up. This is my answer to your infamous letter." THE GREAT REBELLION. 29 For a few days before the inauguration, Washington was full of rumors of plots to prevent by violence its consummation. General Scott and Secretary Holt had been bending all their energies to gather a military force sufficient to keep in check, or suppress, if it should show itself, any lawless demonstration, and to insure peace and quiet. An imposing military escort was provided to attend the President to the Capitol, and after the cer emonies, to the White House. The procession, consisting of civilians, about one thousand regulars, and a considerable force of uniform ed militia, escorted the retiring and incoming Presi dents, who were in the same carriage, to the Capitol. On the spacious eastern portico of the Capitol a plat form had been erected, the space in front of which was occupied by the military. The platform was occupied by the Supreme Court, members of the Senate and House of Representatives, foreign ministers, and an immense crowd of privileged persons. The President elect was introduced by Colonel Edward D. Baker, sen ator from Oregon, and was received with cheers from but a small share of the thirty thousand persons assem bled. Mr. Lincoln, in a clear, firm and penetrating voice, delivered his inaugural address, which closed with the following paragraphs : " My countrymen, one and all, think calmly and well upon this whole subject. Nothing valuable can be lost by taking time. "If there be an object to hurry any of you, in hot haste, to a step which you would never take deliberate ly, that object will be frustrated by taking time ; but no good object can be frustrated by it. " Such of you as are now dissatisfied still have the old Constitution unimpaired, and, on the sensitive point, the laws of your own framing under it; while the new administration will have no immediate power, if it would, to change either. 30 THE GREAT REBELLION. " If it were admitted that you who are dissatisfied hold the right side in the dispute, there is still no single reason for precipitate action. Intelligence, patriotism, Chris tianity, and a firm reliance on Him who has never yet forsaken this favored land, are still competent to adjust, in the best way, all our present difficulties. u ln your hands, my dissatisfied fellow-countrymen, and not in mine, is the momentous issue of civil war. The government will not assail you. "You can have no conflict without being yourselves the aggressors. You can have no oath registered in heaven to destroy the government, while I shall have the most solemn one to preserve, protect, and defend it. "I am loath to close. We are not enemies but friends. "We must not be enemies. Though passion may have strained, it must not break our bonds of affec tion. "The mystic chords of memory, stretching from- every battle-field and patriot grave to every living heart and hearthstone all over this broad land, will yet swell the chorus of the Union when again touched, as surely they will be, by the better angels of our nature." The oath of office was administered by Chief Justice Taney ; the procession was re-formed, and escorted President Lincoln to the White House. Although there were many low threats, open and implied, the arrangements were so admirably made and carried out by the loyal men at the capital, that everything con nected with the ceremonies of inauguration passed off without interruption or disturbance. The next day after his inauguration, President Lin coln submitted to the Senate the names of the gentle men whom he had appointed as his Cabinet officers, as follows: William H. Seward, of New York, Secretary of State; Salmon P. Chase, of Ohio, Secretary of the THE GREAT REBELLION. 31 Treasury; Simon Cameron, of Pennsylvania, Secretary of War; Gideon Welles, of Connecticut, Secretary of the Navy ; Caleb B. Smith, of Indiana, Secretary of the Interior; Edward Bates, of Missouri, Attorney General; Montgomery Blair, of Maryland, Postmaster General. The rebel capital was established at Montgomery, Alabama. Jefferson Davis had already appointed his Cabinet, as follows : Robert Toombs, of Georgia, Secre tary of State; Charles G. Memminger, of South Caro lina, Secretary of the Treasury; Leroy Pope Walker, of Alabama, Secretary of War; Stephen R. Mallory, of Florida, Secretary of the Navy; John H. Reagan, of Texas, Postmaster General. Thus were the two governments organized. Presi dent Lincoln and a majority of his Cabinet hoped that all differences between the self-styled Confederate gov ernment and the government of the United States would be adjusted without a resort to arms ; while Jefferson Davis s government, which by this time had relinquish ed the idea of a revolution, and set themselves up as independent States, asked only to be let alone, to be allowed to possess all the property of the United States that they had stolen, and to be acknowledged as inde pendent States. While the Confederate States claimed the right to secede from the Union, and set up a govern ment of their own, the government of the United States denied that right, and claimed that they were still part of the Union, and subject to its Constitution and laws. Major Robert Anderson, with a mere handful of men, not more than eighty in all, was placed in charge of the fortifications in Charleston harbor. They mainly tenanted Fort Moultrie, the older and weaker of them, being the most convenient to the city; but it could not have been held twenty-four hours against a serious assault. Its garrison was surrounded by a 32 THE GREAT REBELLION. numerous and frowning foe. During the night of the f,6th of December, 1860, Major Anderson prudently transferred his entire force to Fort Sumter, the most impregnable of all the forts in the harbor, taking such munitions and provisions as he could, destroying the rest, and spiking the guns, so that they could not be used by the rebels against Sumter. This was a great surprise to the rebels, and they complained of it as a breach of faith, as it was alleged that President Buchan an had promised that the military status should not be changed without due notice. On the 27th, the next day after the evacuation by Major Anderson, the rebels seized Forts Moultrie and Pickens ; and about the same time the Federal arsenal at Charleston, containing many thousand stands of arms and a large quantity of military stores, was seized by the volunteers flocking to that city, by direction of the State authorities. Castle Pinckney, Fort Moultrie, and Sullivan s Island were now occupied by the rebels, and their defenses enlarged and improved, while the custom-house, post-office, and other govern ment buildings were likewise appropriated, without re sistance, the Federal officers there all being secessionists, and the palmetto flag raised over them. Iron-clad bat teries had been erected in such number as to command all the entrances to Charleston harbor, so that no wooden frigate could pass them, and precluded the pos sibility of sending reinforcements or supplies to Fort Sumter. The Star of the West was sent from New York with reinforcements and supplies on the 5th of January, which fact was telegraphed by conspirators to their friends in Charleston. She appeared off the bar at Charleston on the 9th, and, when nearing Fort Sum ter, was fired upon from Fort Moultrie and Morris s Island, and was struck by one shot. Without commu nicating with Major Anderson, she put about, and steered for New York. This was the last attempt made THE GREAT REBELLION. 33 to relieve Major Anderson in his most embarrassed condition, until early in April, after the inauguration of the new government, when vessels laden with pro visions were sent from New York, and arrived off the bar on the 12th, the day on which fire was opened upon Sumter. The fleet also returned to New York with out fulfilling its mission, only having communicated with Major Anderson by signals. Such was the situation of affairs on the 12th day of April, 1861, when the rebels of South Carolina opened the most wicked and causeless war upon their govern ment ever recorded in history. In the four succeeding years events of immense magnitude and importance transpired, affecting more or less seriously every nook and corner of our widely extended country, and carry ing sadness and mourning to almost every fireside in the land. On the llth, General Beauregard demanded the surrender of Fort Sumter to the Confederate Govern ment, which Major Anderson declined to do, but sug gested that he would very soon be starved out, if supplies were not sent him. General Beauregard then asked of Major Anderson to state at what time he would evacuate Fort Sumter, if unmolested; and was answered that he would do so at noon on the 15th, " should I not receive, prior to that time, con trolling instructions from my government, or addi tional supplies." This reply was not satisfactory ; and, at 3.20, A. M., on the 12th, Major Anderson was notified that fire would be opened on Fort Sumter in one hour. At the appointed moment the bombardment com menced. Fire was almost simultaneously opened from Fort Moultrie, an iron-clad floating battery in the harbor, Cummings Point, and Mount Pleasant. Fifty 34 THE GREAT REBELLION. breaching cannon playing upon the fort, followed by the crashing and crumbling of brick, s^one, and mor tar, admonished Major Anderson and his small force of seventy true men, that their stay in the fort must be short, unless relieved by a more powerful lieet than our government then possessed. At seven o clock, after breakfast, the principal part of which was salt pork, the command was divided into three re liefs, each in succession to man the guns for four hours. Captain Arthur Doubleday was in command of the first squad, and fired the first gun, which was directed upon Fort Moultrie. Major Anderson had determined to make the best resistance in his power, though fully aware that the fort must soon succumb to the greatly superior force with which he had to contend, while he took the greatest care that his men should be exposed as little as possible to the shot and shells of the enemy, which were falling in every direc tion around them. Red-hot shot and bursting shells soon set the wooden barracks on fire, and nearly the whole interior of the fort blazed like a furnace. For thirty-six hours the terrific bombardment continued with but occasional lulls. The garrison in Sumter soon became so ex hausted that they could make but a feeble response. The scene inside the fort is described by an eye-witness as follows : " The fire surrounded us on all sides. Fearful that the walls might crack, and the shells pierce and pros trate them, we commenced taking the powder out of the magazine before the fire had fully enveloped it. "We took ninety-six barrels of powder out, and threw them into the sea, leaving two hundred barrels in it. Owing to a lack of cartridges, we kept five men inside the magazine, serving as we wanted them, thus using up our shirts, sheets, blankets, and all the available THE GREAT REBELLION. 35 material in the fort. When we were finally obliged to close the magazine, and our material for cartridges was exhausted, we were left destitute of any means to continue the contest. We had eaten our last biscuit thirty-six hours before. We came very near being stifled with the dense, livid smoke from the burning buildings. Many of the men lay prostrate on the ground, with wet handkerchiefs over their mouths and eyes, gasping for breath. It was a moment of immi nent peril. If an eddy of wind had not ensued, we all probably should have been suffocated. The crashing of the shot, the bursting of the shells, the falling of the walls, and the roar of the flames, made a Pandemonium of the fort. We, nevertheless, kept up a steady fire." On the afternoon of the second day of the bombard ment, Louis T. Wigfall, late a United States senator from Texas, made his appearance in a small boat, with a white flag, and was admitted ; and in a conference with Major Anderson and his officers, insisted that further resistance was useless. The fort was on fire, the garrison exhausted, with the Stars and Stripes float ing defiantly over the ruins. Another deputation soon arrived, Wigfall having failed to agree with Major Anderson on the terms for a surrender. After some conference, it was agreed that the garrison should sur render the fort, taking with them, as they retired at their leisure, and in their own way, all their individual and company property, their side arms, and their tat tered flag, which they were to salute with a hundred guns, before they hauled it down. The battle ceased; the fire was extinguished, after destroying almost everything combustible in the fort. Next niorning, about nine o clock, the evacuation com menced and the guns of the fort boomed a salute to the lowering flag, which had been so brtivcJy defended against the unequal foe. The garrison marched out of 36 THE GREAT REBELLION. the main gate, preceded by the band, playing "Yankee Doodle" and "Hail Columbia," with .the Stars and Stripes floating over them. They embarked on board the United States ship Baltic, and were carried to New York, where they met with an enthusiastic reception. That seven thousand well drilled men, with all the needed appliances, could overcome seventy, out of pro visions, for they had eaten their last biscuit, and nearly destitute of ammunition, and with no hope of succor, was regarded by the chivalry of South Carolina as a most wonderful and glorious victory, and as establishing beyond dispute the independence of the Confederacy. Arrived at New York, Major Anderson dispatched to his government the following report : " STEAMSHIP BALTIC, OFF SANDY HOOK, April 18, 1861. " THE HON. S. CAMERON, " Secretary of War, Washington, D. Q. " Sir : Having defended Fort Surnter for thirty-four hours, until the the quarters were entirely burned, the main gates destroyed, the gorge wall seriously injured, the magazine surrounded by flames, and its door closed from the effects of the heat, four barrels and three cartridges of powder only being available, and no provisions but pork remaining, I accepted terms of evacuation offered by General Beauregard (being the same offered by him on the llth instant, prior to the commencement of hostilities), and marched out of the fort on Sunday afternoon, the 14th instant, with colors flying and drums beating, bringing away company and private property, and saluting my flag with fifty guns. " ROBERT ANDERSON, " Major First Artillery." THE GREAT REBELLION. 37 On the next day after the evacuation of Fort Sumter, April 15, President Lincoln issued a call for seventy- five thousand volunteers for three months service, and called an extra session of Congress to meet on the ensuing 4th of July. The uprising of the freemen of the North was such as the world never witnessed before. The insult to the old honored flag created a feeling of the most intense indignation, and all party lines seemed for the time obliterated, and two parties only had an existence, those who would destroy the Union, on the one hand, and those who would defend and preserve it, at any cost, on the other. There were many who believed that the state of feel ing which had resulted in an open rebellion of the slaveholders against the government, had been pro duced by extremists both at the North and the South, instead of attributing the difficulty to its true cause, the wide difference between a society of educated free men and a society of slaveholders and slaves, when only the few were educated ; but there were none iu the free States who openly justified the assault upon Fort Sumter. On the 15th of April the President promulgated the following " PROCLAMATION. ""Whereas, the laws of the United States have been for some time past, and now are, opposed, and the execution thereof obstructed, in the States of South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Florida, Mississippi, Lou isiana, and Texas, by combinations, too powerful to be suppressed by the ordinary course of judicial proceed ings, or by the powers vested in the marshals by law : Now, therefore, I, Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States, in virtue of the power in me vested by the constitution and the laws, have thought fit to call 38 THE GREAT REBELLION. forth the militia of the several States of the Union, to the aggregate number of seventy-five thousand, in order to suppress said combinations, and to cause the laws to be duly executed. " The details of this object will be immediately com- municated to the State authorities, through the War Department. I appeal to all loyal citizens to favor, facilitate, and aid this effort to maintain the honor, the integrity, and existence of our national Union, and the perpetuity of popular government, and to redress wrongs already long enough endured. I deem it proper to say, that the first service assigned to the forces hereby called forth, will probably be to repossess the forts, places, and property which have been seized from the Union. And, in every event, the utmost care will be observed, consis tently with the objects aforesaid, to avoid any devasta tion, any destruction of, or interference with, property, or any disturbance of peaceful citizens of any part of the country. And I hereby command the persons compris ing the combinations aforesaid to disperse, and retire peaceably to their respective abodes, within twenty days from this date. " Deeming that the present condition of public affairs presents an extraordinary occasion, I do hereby, by vir tue of the power in me vested by the Constitution, con vene both Houses of Congress. The Senators and Representatives are, therefore, summoned to assemble at their respective chambers, at twelve o clock, noon, on Thursday, the fourth day of July next, then and there to consider and determine such measures as, in their wisdom, the public safety and interest may seem to demand. " In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand, and caused the seal of the United States to be affixed. " Done at the city of Washington, the fifteenth day of April, in the year of our Lord one. thousand eight THE GREAT REBELLION. 39 hundred and sixty-one, and of the independence of the United States the eighty-fifth. "ABRAHAM LINCOLN. " By the President : " WILLIAM II. SEWARD, Secretary of State." "With this proclamation, was sent from the War De partment, to the Governors of the several States, a cir cular, explaining that the call was for regiments of infantry, or riflemen only, each regiment to he composed of s even hundred and eighty men. They were appor tioned to the several States as follows: Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Rhocte Island, Connecticut, Dela ware, Arkansas, Michigan, Iowa, Minnesota, and Wis consin, one each; Massachusetts, Tennessee, and North Carolina, two each; New Jersey, Maryland, Missouri and Kentucky, four each ; Indiana and Illinois, six each ; New York, seventeen ; Pennsylvania, sixteen ; and Ohio, thirteen. These ninety-four regiments would make a total of seventy-three thousand three hundred and twenty men. The residue of the seventy-five thousand was to be furnished by the District of Columbia. The Governors of the States of Virginia, North Caro lina, Tennessee, Missouri and Kentucky utterly refused to furnish any men for the purpose namedin the proc lamation. The response of Governor Harris, of Ten nessee, was as follows, and may be taken as a fair sample of the replies from the Governors of all the above-named States: " Tennessee will not furnish a single man for coercion ; but fifty thousand, if necessary for the defense of our rights, and those of our brethren." Governor Jackson, of Missouri, in reply to the call, said, " It is illegal, unconstitutional, revolutionary, inhu man, diabolical, and cannot be complied with. Not one 40 THE GREAT REBELLION. man will the State of Missouri furnish to carry on so unholy a crusade." m Governor Burton, of Delaware, took until the 26th of April to consider the matter, and then replied, that The laws of this State do not confer upon the Execu tive any authority allowing him to comply wHh such requisition." Governor Hicks, of Maryland, though claiming to be a Unionist himself, and that his State was still in the Union, gave the Union cause but a very cold support when called upon for troops to uphold it. On the 18th of April he issued a proclamation to the people of Mary land, assuring them that he should do all in his power to preserve " the honor and integrity of the State, and to maintain within her limits that peace so earnestly desired by all good citizens." And adding," No troops will be sent from Maryland, unless it may be for the defense of the national capital." On the 17th of April, Jefferson Davis, the head of a band of conspirators and rebels, issued a proclamation, authorizing privateers to be fitted out from all parts of the South, to prey upon the commerce of the United States, and this, too, when the North had been robbed by these conspirators of its entire naval force, and had not half a dozen vessels which could be called into our waters to protect our merchant marine. As a protection against this piratical proclamation, President Lincoln, on the 19th of April, announced the blockade of all ports of the seceded States. As if by magic a naval force sprang into existence, and in less than ninety days over three hundred armed vessels of war were sailing beneath the Stars and Stripes, with brave men upon their decks, ready to avenge any insult to their honored flag. About this time there was a determination on the part of leading rebels to capture the City of Washing- THE GREAT REBELLION. 41 ton at all hazards. The Richmond Examiner, of April 23d, said, " The capture of Washington City is perfectly within the power of Virginia and Maryland, if Virginia will only make the effort by her constituted authorities. The entire population pant for the onset. Our people can take it; they will take it; and Scott, the arch- traitor, and Lincoln, the beast, combined, cannot pre vent it." It has been conclusively proved that the following was the plot for the capture of the capital of the nation, with all the public property. A conspiracy was formed by leading Virginians, with prominent secessionists in Washington, and a band of traitors of influence and wealth in Baltimore, to accomplish the infamous and cowardly act in the following manner : Virginia did not then pretend to be out of the Union, and was fully rep resented in both branches of Congress. The Virginians, at the head of between two and three thousand desperate men, were to make a descent upon Harper s Ferry, seize the arsenal there, which contained twenty-five thousand stand of arms, and thus supply themselves with an abund ance of weapons and ammunition. They were then to descend the Potomac to Washington, and make a fierce onset in the streets of the city. Traitors there, in strong bands, armed to the teeth, were prepared to receive them. Incendiaries were designated to fire the city at several points. Amid the terror and confusion of this sudden assault, the conspirators were to seize the most import ant government buildings, and convert them into for tresses, where they could defy any immediate attack from the bewildered government, and whence they could command the city. While all this was being done, the conspirators in Baltimore were to cut off all communication with the North, by burning bridges, tearing up railways, and seizing the post-office and telegraph stations. Should 42 THE GREAT REBELLION. troops attempt to reach Washington from the Forth, a mob was to destroy them in the streets of Baltimore. Troops were to rush from the South to the captured city, and occupy all important military stations. Vir ginia and Maryland were thus to he dragged into seces sion, and Washington was to be the capital of the Southern Confederacy. When this damnable plot was discovered, just on the eve of its execution, it seemed almost impossible for the government to thwart it. Washington was filled with traitors and rebels ; no reliance could be placed upon the militia ; Southern traitors were occupying the most important posts in the army, and the government did not know who could be trusted. The government seemed surrounded with difficulties, from which there appeared to be no way of extrication ; and the North, though burning to avenge the insult upon the flag in the unprovoked attack upon Sumter, had not begun to comprehend the extent of the danger to the national capital, and it is doubtful if they do now, or ever will, since the government passed the crisis more easily than the most sanguine had reason to hope it would. This plot was made known on the 18th of April, con fidentially, to the loyal people of Washington, and gen tlemen temporarily there, who were known to be friends of the Union. A gentleman who was there, and took part in the transactions, says, " A few trusty friends of the government, visitors in Washington, immediately commenced vigorous, but secret measures, to assist the administration in this fearful crisis. They hastened, by committees, to all the hotels, and sought out those known to be true to the Union, informed them of the peril, and appointed a meeting that very evening, in the church in the rear of Willard s Hotel, where they would not attract attention. Solemnly, and with intense emotion, they administered THE GREAT REBELLION. 43 the oath anew, of fidelity to the national flag, to evfery one to whom they confided the secret, and then gave to each the pass which would admit him to the church. This work was speedily accomplished, for there was not a moment to he lost, and soon about two hundred men were assembled in the church. " After listening to a few words of eloquence, which yet burn in the souls of some of the volunteers in that dark night of the nation s peril, the company formed themselves into the noted l CASSIUS M. CLAY BATTAL ION. These noble men, many of whom were among the most distinguished for wealth and position to be found in our land, were enrolled under efficient officers into small patrol parties, and marched all night long through the streets of the city, to guard against incendi aries, and to prevent the assembling of conspirators. They had orders to shoot down promptly any who should resist their authority." Another party of three hundred men were also ap pointed, under General Lane, to go unobserved to the "White House, and bivouac in the East Room, ready to give a warm reception to any parties who might make a sudden attack upon the Presidential Mansion. For three weeks the East Room was thus occupied. Gen eral Scott promptly took unobserved possession of the Capitol, with a sufficient number of men to maintain a desperate defense, where were deposited great quanti ties of military stores and provisions. Thus was the "White House and the Capitol to be held until troops from the North could fight their way through Maryland for their rescue if besieged. The greatest care was exer cised by the government to guard against surprise. At ten o clock, on the night of the 19th, Lieutenant Jones, of the United States army, who was in command at Harper s Ferry, with but forty-three men, received reliable information that Governor Letcher, of Virginia, 44 THE GREAT REBELLION. had sent three thousand State troops, via Winchester, and that they would reach Harper s Ferry^in two hours; and that three hundred troops, from Hallstown, were within twenty minutes march of the arsenal. Combus tibles had been previously prepared, and everything in readiness to blow up the arsenal and other buildings of the armory, should he find the enemy coming upon him in overwhelming numbers. In a trice the torch was applied, and the buildings were all in a blaze, and Lieu tenant Jones, with his forty- three men, retreated across the bridge into Maryland, and, after marching all night, reached Carlisle, Pennsylvania, where they were safe from attack from the traitors. The secessionists at the Ferry rushed, to the arsenal, and vainly attempted to extinguish the flames. In their rage, they pursued the heroic band, and, firing upon them, killed two of their number. Before morning nearly five thousand Virginia troops were in possession of the ruins at Harper s Ferry. On the 17th of April, a convention in Virginia secretly passed an ordinance of secession, which was for a time kept from the knowledge of the community, that more effectual measures might be adopted for seizing the government property and fortifications in that State, though a private messenger was sent to inform the Confederate government of the action of the convention. Government property, to the amount of many millions of dollars, was accumulated at Norfolk Navy Yard, including machine-shops, founderies, store-houses, to gether with immense amounts of naval and military stores, the whole estimated as worth over nine millions of dollars. The new steam-frigate Merriniac, the Penn sylvania, the largest line-of-battle ship in the world, the Germantown, the Dolphin, and other war vessels, were floating in the harbor. By order of Governor Letcher, on the night of the 16th of April, a large number of boats, laden with stone, were sunk in the channel, so THE GREAT REBELLION. 45 that these large vessels could not pass out, and arrange ments were made for seizing the yard. Captain McCaulay, who was in command of the yard, and most of the sub-officers were traitors. It became evident that the yard could not be held, but that it must fall into the hands of the rebels, and it was determine I to destroy it ; and the steamship Pawnee was sent from Fortress Monroe to aid in the work. When she appeared at Norfolk, she met with a most enthusiastic welcome from the crews of the Penn sylvania, and other war vessels lying there. The Pawnee arrived, and made fast to the dock at Norfolk about nine o clock on the evening of the 21st of April, immediately landed her troops, and seized the gates of the yard, so that no traitors could enter. Everything of value was removed from the Pennsylvania. What could not be removed was thrown overboard, and every preparation made for a great conflagration. At four o clock next morning, all the men from the yard, except a few left to fire the trains, which had been carefully laid, were taken on board the Cumberland and Pawnee, and the former took the latter vessel in tow. At a given signal the torch was applied, and everything combustible, includ ing the Pennsylvania and several other war vessels, was destroyed. To put down this well-planned and most wicked rebellion, the North, as one man, nobly responded to the call of President Lincoln for troops. On the even ing of the eighteenth, four hundred Pennsylvania vol unteers reached Washington. On the same day the Sixth Regiment of Massachusetts volunteers left Boston for Washington, and arrived at Baltimore on the 19th, where they were joined by a regiment from Philadelphia. The Philadelphia regiment was without arms, and the Sixth Massachusetts was but partially armed. 46 THE GREAT REBELLION. In passing from one railroad station to another in Baltimore, a distance of two and a half miles, the cars had to be drawn by horses. The Massachusetts and Philadelphia troops occupied seventeen cars. The five foremost cars, containing a portion of the Massachusetts troops, were sent forward. There being no horses for the other cars, the residue of the r< giment, of whom but a small portion were armed, left tne cars and formed in the street, waiting the arrival of horses. None came, for a secession mob which filled the streets had covered the track immediately behind the cars which had been sent forward, with heavy timbers, anchors, stones, and other obstructions, to prevent the passage of the other cars. The residue of the regiment were assailed by the mob with showers of stones and other missiles, hurled from the streets and house-tops, and several soldiers were knocked down and badly injured. In the confu sion, one of the rioters stepped up behind a young sol dier, seized his gun, and shot him dead. At this the soldiers were ordered to fire, and those who had loaded muskets obeyed the order, with some effect, which caused the mob to recoil. The soldiers, learning that the track had been obstructed, commenced their march from the Camden to the Washington depot, surrounded and followed by the mob, preceded by Mayor Brown and a strong detachment of police. The mob closed in, and attempted to cut off a portion of the rear, which be ing hardly pressed was ordered to fire, which they did. Several volleys were fired by a small portion of the regi ment, killing eleven and wounding four of the rioters. Three soldiers were killed and eight seriously injured. The Massachusetts regiment finally reached the Wash ington depot, and were sent forward to the city of Washington. The train was repeatedly fired at from the hills and woods along the route, but, providentially, no one was injured. The Philadelphia regiment hav- THE GREAT REBELLION. 47 ing no arms, after a severe hand-to-hand fight with the mob, returned to that city. The telegraph wires connecting Baltimore and the free States were cut, and the railroad bridges northward and north-westward from Baltimore, on the railroads to Philadelphia and Harrisburg, were burned, thus shut ting off Washington from all communication with the Northern States. In the mean time, however, the North was making all possible haste in enlisting, arming, equipping, and making ready for the field her noble and patriotic sons. THE GREAT REBELLION. 49 ACTION OF NEW HAMPSHIRE. FAJRT II. THE people of New Hampshire, in common with those of New England, and all the free States, were aroused to their utmost by news of the assault upon Fort Sumter. The feeling of indignation was intense. The flag of the common country had been assaulted by insurgents in a State that claimed the right to secede from the Union so dear to every loyal citizen of the country. A war had been commenced upon the Gov ernment of the United States by South Carolina, and it only remained for the loyal North to accept the situa tion. Party lines were for the time forgotten, and men, without scarcely an exception, were ready to do their utmost to protect and sustain the Government. The Capital of the Nation was in danger of capture by the rebels, and troops must be sent, without delay, to defend it from their threatened attacks. New Hampshire had no organized militia that could be called into active service. The enrollment required by law had been so imperfect that no fair and equal 50 TEE GREAT REBELLION. draft could be made upon her citizens liable to be called into active service, in case of insurrectjpn at home or invasion from abroad, and it only remained for the Gov ernor to call for volunteers to fill the quota of the State one regiment of 780 officers and men under the call of the President for seventy-five thousand troops for three months service. Immediately upon the receipt by telegraph of Presi dent Lincoln s Proclamation, Ichabod Goodwin, then Governor, issued the following order : STATE OF NEW HAMPSHIRE. EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT, 1 Concord, April 16, 1861. J To JOSEPH C. ABBOTT, Adjutant and Inspector-General of the New Hampshire Militia : SIR : The President of the United States having, in pursuance of the act of Congress approved February 28, 1795, called upon the State of New Hampshire for a regiment of militia, consisting of ten companies of in fantry, to be held in readiness to be mustered into the service of the United States for the purpose of quelling insurrection and supporting the government : I, ICHABOD GOODWIN, Governor of New Hampshire, command you to make proclamation, calling for volun teers from the enrolled militia of this State, to the num ber required, and to issue from time to time all neces sary orders and instructions for enrolling and holding in readiness to be mustered into the service of said vol unteer corps, agreeably to the aforesaid requisition. ICHABOD GOODWIN, Governor and Commander-in-Chief. By the command of the Governor, THOMAS L. TULLOCK, Secretary of State. ACTION OF NEW HAMPSHIRE. 51 The foregoing was succeeded immediately by the following : STATE OF NEW HAMPSHIRE. ADJUTANT GENERAL S OFFK Concord, April 16, 1861. GENERAL ORDER, No. 6. In pursuance of a proclamation by the President of the United States, the Governor of this State, in a pro clamation dated at Concord this day, has ordered the enlistment of one regiment of infantry within the State of New Hampshire, to be held in readiness for service whenever called for. The regiment will consist of one Colonel, one Lieu tenant-Colonel, one Major, one Adjutant, one Quarter master, one Quartermaster-Sergeant, one Paymaster, one Surgeon, one Surgeon s Mate, one Chaplain, one Ser geant-Major, one Drum-Major, and one Fife-Major. Each company will consist of one Captain, one First Lieutenant, one Second Lieutenant, four Sergeants, four Corporals, two Musicians, and sixty-four Privates. The officers of the volunteers will be commissioned according to the laws of the State of New Hampshire. None under the rank of commissioned officers will be received who are under the age of eighteen or over the age of forty-five. Volunteers who shall be accepted will be uniformed, armed and equipped at the expense of .the State, and their pay will be the same as that of the corresponding rank in the army of the United States. Any military company at present existing, or any number of citizens desirous of associating for the sup port of the laws and the defense of their country, or any 52 THE GREAT REBELLION. individual desirous of entering upon the service of the United States, are requested to report themselves to this Department forthwith. By order of His Excellency, the Governor and Com- mander-in-Chief. JOSEPH C. ABBOTT, Adjutant and Inspector- General. To raise the regiment called for from NQW Hampshire by the President s proclamation, in the shortest possible time, enlistment papers were immediately issued by the Adjutant-General for twenty-eight stations, in different parts of the State, and offices were opened for the en listment of soldiers for three months service. Col. Henry 0. Kent, of Lancaster, Major Frank S. Fiske, of Keene, and Col. Jeremiah C. Tilton, of Sanbornton, were appointed aids to the Adjutant General, to assist in obtaining the requisite number of men, and send them to rendezvous at Concord, as soon as practicable. Daily reports were required to be made by the several enlisting officers to the Adjutant-General, of the number of men enrolled by each, with other needed information. The greatest activity and enthusiasm was manifested in every part of the State, and almost every farm, work shop and business establishment within her borders, sent forth its representative to the field. While the men w r ere engaged in the work of raising soldiers, the women organized and were making flannel shirts, drawers and other articles for the comfort of the soldiers in the field, and gathering linen and winding bandages for hospitals. Every individual felt that there was a duty to perform in the emergency in which the country was placed by the action of South Carolina and other seceded States of the old Union. Public meetings were called in every considerable town, which were largely attended by men and women ; patriotic speeches THREE MONTHS TROOPS. 53 were made and measures taken to encourage enlistments, and funds pledged by individuals and towns to assist the families of those who should go to the field. It appearing by reports from the different recruiting stations that men enough had been enlisted to fill the regiment, orders were issued on the 24th of April to take them to Concord, where a camp was established, and CQ!. John H. Gage, of Nashua, was ordered to as sume command. The camp was upon the Fair Grounds of the Merrimack County Agricultural Society, about a mile east from the State House. Col. Gage called it " Camp Union," by which name it was afterwards known. Men were brought in by companies and squads from every part of the State, and it was soon found that more than enough had assembled to fill the regiment called for, when it was determined by the State authorities to organize, arm, equip, and make ready for the field, and hold subject to orders from the War Department at Washington, two regiments, of seven hundred and eighty officers and men each. To this end, after a par tial organization of the first regiment, the residue of the men were sent to Portsmouth, with a view to plac ing a portion of them in Fort Constitution to garrison that post, which was deemed of importance to the se curity of the sea-coast of the State. Brigadier General George Stark, of Nashua, was ordered to Portsmouth to take charge of the men and the preliminary organization of the second regiment, and arrived there on the 30th of April. Col. Henry 0. Kent, of Lancaster, was placed in charge of the Quartermaster Department. The camp at Portsmouth was named " Camp Constitution." The following is the whole number of men enlisted for three months, between the 17th of April, when the first papers were issued, and the 30th of the same month, with the places where they were enlisted and the names THE GREAT REBELLION. of enlisting officers. This will show that New Hamp shire, though with no organized militia which could be placed immediately under the orders of the War Depart ment, like Massachusetts and some of the other States, was not behind them in zeal and devotion to the cause of the country: Towns. Concord, Salem, Bradford, Portsmouth, Dover, Manchester, Newport, New London, Lancaster, Laconia, Claremont, Conway, Hampton, Peterborough, Littleton, Plymouth, Keene, West Lebanon, Contoocookville, Nashua, North Stratford, Exeter, Niagara Company, Abbott Guards, Cheshire Light Guards, Mechanics Phalanx, Granite State Guards, Milford ComDany, Enlisting Officers. E. E. Sturtevant. J. D. Drew, M. W. Tappan, W. 0. Sides, G. W. Colbath, J. L. Kelley, I. McL. Barton, A. J. Sargent, I. S. M. Gove, W. II. Wyman, W. P. Austin, Joshua Chapman, C. F. Dunbar, E. Weston, W. H. Rowell, J. H. Thompson, H. C. Handerson, F. Comings, J. N. Patterson, E. 0. Greenleaf, S. E. Chase, C. H. Bell, A. S. Edgerly, W. H. D. Cochrane, T. A. Barker, J. N. Bruce, Ichabod Pearl, George Gillis, Whole number, 2004 Soon after the arrival of the men at Portsmouth, and before the organization of the second regiment was com pleted, orders were received by the Governor from the THREE MONTHS TROOPS. 55 "War Department to hold in readiness for its call one regiment only of three months men ; and to enlist, or ganize, arm, equip, and make ready for service one regiment, of ten hundred and forty-six officers and men, for three years, or during the war. On the 19th of May, by direction of the Governor, a general order was issued, directing that the opportunity to enlist in the three years regiment should be offered first to the three months men assembled in the camp at Portsmouth. Enlistment papers were accordingly dis tributed on the 21st, and four hundred and ninety-six of those men who had enlisted for three months, im mediately re-enlisted for three years, or during the war, as follows : From Claremont Company, 53 " Lancaster Company, 44 " Conway Company, 20 " Milford Company, 21 " Keene, two companies, 90 " Laconia Company, 37 " Littleton Company, 34 " Portsmouth Company, 70 " Manchester, two Companies, 71 " Concord Company, 56 Whole number, 496 The men thus re-enlisted, having left their business, families and homes, for an absence of three months only, were given furloughs of from three to six days, to enable them to make arrangements for such absence as their new enlistment involved. The remainder of the men enlisted for three months, were then carefully examined by a surgeon, a portion of them discharged for disa bility, others at their own request, 274 sent to Fort Constitution, in Portsmouth harbor, to serve out their term of enlistment, and 38 returned to Camp Union, Concord. Orders had been sent to different recruiting stations 56 THE GREAT REBELLION. to enlist men to fill up the three years regiment, and on the 26th of May they began to arrive aj Camp Constitu tion. Between the 26th and 30th the following reported to Gen. Stark: Dover Volunteers, Capt. Rollins, 99 Exeter Volunteers, Capt. Smith, 58 Hampton Volunteers, Capt. Dunbar, 42 Rifle Rangers, Manchester, Capt. Carr, 100 Goodwin Rifles, Concord, Capt. Griffin, 90 Contoocook Volunteers, Capt. Patterson, 72 Canaan Volunteers, Capt. Smith, 14 Peterborough Volunteers, Capt. Weston, 50 "Whole number, . 525 Re-enlisted men, 496 1021 The regiment was soon filled to its maximum number, 1046, by enlistments, and the work of organizing, officer ing, uniforming, arming, equipping, drilling and mak ing it ready for orders from the War Department, was prosecuted with commendable vigor. When the men were being enlisted for these two regiments, no one either north or south, however well informed, seemed to appreciate in the smallest degree the magnitude* of the war that had been begun at Fort Sumter. Many, and indeed most men, believed that before our men could be made ready for marching orders the rebels would abandon their mad schemes, by the operation of the sober second thought, return to their homes, and that the service of the 75,000 three months troops called for by the President, would not be re quired ; and hardly any one believed that the two sec tions of the country would met in deadly conflict. A few weeks only were required to prove how fallacious were all speculations upon the subject, and how little the people of one section of the country knew of the temper and disposition of the people of the other section. THREE MONTHS MEN. 57 FIRST REGIMENT. THE men rendezvoused at Concord were placed in hastily constructed barracks, given plenty of clean straw for bedding, and made as comfortable as circumstances would admit, though they had to wait some days for blankets and other needed articles, with which they were afterwards supplied. Their sleeping accommodations were very different from what they had been accustomed to at home. They submitted with good grace to what seemed an imperative necessity, and made themselves merry over their beds and sleeping apartments. One man from Newport, who had been a stage-driver for many years, and was somewhat famous in that vicinity as a careful, skillful and jolly whip, sent to a fellow stage-man the following message : " I want you to send me a fork to pitch up my bedding." These men were many of them from the best families in the State, and enlisted out of motives of pure patriot ism. The country needed their services, and they gave them with alacrity. No bounties were offered, and the pay to which they were entitled was the same as that of private soldiers in the regular army eleven dollars per month. The men began to arrive in camp on the 24th of April, and were soon organized into squads and companies, temporarily for the purpose of drill, and men designated to instruct them, the camp being under the command of Col. John H. Gage, of Nashua, who was a year, or two afterwards killed by the accidental discharge of a gun, while out hunting. The regiment was perma nently organized as follows : Colonel, Mason W. Tappan, of Bradford. Lieut. Colonel, Thomas J. Whipple, of Laconia. 58 THE GREAT REBELLION. Major, Aaron F. Stevens, of Nashua. Adjutant, Enoch Q. Fellows, of Sandwich. Quartermaster, Richard N. Batchelder, of Manchester. Paymaster, Moses K. Hazelton, of Bradford. Surgeon, Alpheus B. Crosby, of Hanover. Asst. Surgeon, Henry C. Shaw, of Hanover. Chaplain, Stephen G. Abbott,* of Bradford. Sergt. Major, George Y. Sawyer, of Nashua. Quartermaster Sergt., Albert Lull, of Milford. Fife Major, Francis II. Pike, of Manchester. Drum Major, William Carr, of Concord. The Company officers were as follows : Co. A, Captain, Louis Bell, of Farmington; First Lieut,, George W. Colbath, of Dover; Second Lieut., Oliver M. Clark, of Dover. Co. B, Captain, Daniel R. Kenney, of Sandwich ; First Lieut., Charles W. Sawyer, of Dover; Second Lieut., Joseph "W. Wallace, of Dover. Co. C, Captain, John L. Kelley ; First Lieut., Martin Y. B. Richardson; Second Lieut., Charles 0. Jennison, all of Manchester. Co. D, Captain, Ira McL. Barton; First Lieut., Ed ward Nettleton; Second Lieut, Dexter G. Reed, all of Newport. Co. E, Captain, Richard 0. Greenleaf; First Lieut., William F. Greeley; Second Lieut., John W. Thomp son, all of Nashua. Co. F, Captain, Augustus S. Edgerly; First Lieut., George W. Handley ; Second Lieut, George W. Whip- pie, all of Nashua. *Most of the material facts of which the history of this regiment is composed have been famished by Rev. Stephen G. Abbott, its worthy Chaplain. In some part* of it his lan guage is used, and in others it ia the author s, as the case seemed to require. THREE MONTHS TROOPS. 59 Co. G, Captain, Andrew J. Sargent, of New London; First Lieut., Horace T. H. Pierce, of Keene; Second Lieut., Charles H. Drummer, of Keene. Co. H, Captain, Jeremiah D. Drew, of Salem ; First Lieut., John M. Clark, of Salem; Second Lieut., Israel L. Drew, of Lawrence, Mass. Co. I, Captain, Edward E. Sturtevant; First Lieut., Henry W. Fuller; Second Lieut., Enoch W. Goss, all of Concord. Co. K, Captain, Oilman E. Sleeper, of Salem; First Lieut., Enoch Q. Fellows, of Sandwich; Second Lieut., Hollis 0. Dudley, of Manchester. COLONEL MASON W. TAPPAN. Colonel Tappan is a son of the late "Weare Tappan, for many years a lawyer at Bradford, and died in 1866. Mason was born at Newport, Sullivan County, October 20, 1817, and at an early age removed with his family to Bradford, in Merrimack County, where he has since resided. He fitted for college, studied law with his father and Hon. George W. Nesmith, of Franklin, now one of the judges of the Supreme Judicial Court, and was admitted to the Bar in 1841. Colonel Tappan acted with the Free Soil, American and Republican parties, each in their turn. Although the town of Bradford was largely democratic, such was his personal popularity with his fellow-townsmen that he was elected to the Legislature successively in 1853, 1854 and 1855, and was one of the most prominent, in dustrious and able members of the House. He was a candidate for Speaker of the House in 1854, and not withstanding there was a democratic majority in that body of about twenty, came within two votes of an elec tion. The same year he was nominated by the Whigs, Free Soilers, Independent Democrats and Americans for 60 THE GREAT REBELLION. member of Congress from the Second District, and was elected in March, 1855. He was twie re-elected, and served in the 34th, 35th and 36th Congresses, with marked ability, and to the acceptance of his constitu ents. In the 34th and 35th Congresses he served upon the Judiciary Committee, and in the 36th was chairman of the Committee on Claims. In July, 1856, Col. Tappan made an able speech, the House being in Committee of the Whole on the state of the Union, upon the subject of the extension of slavery into Kansas, which was listened to with marked atten tion. The following is its closing paragraph : "In conclusion, Mr. Chairman, let me say that we seek no quarrel with our brethren of the South. This is an issue which they have forced upon us, and, with God s blessings, we will me1f it as becomes worthy de scendants of patriotic sires ! You sometimes tell us that you want to be let alone. That is precisely what we intend to do. We will interfere with none of your rights. Whatever is nominated in the bond/ that we will yield. In turn, is it too much for us to make the same request of you that you will let us alone? If Slavery be a blessing, to you shall inure all its benefits. If it be a curse, do not ask to place it upon our soil to involve us in its guilt. We desire to cultivate the rela tions of peace and of fraternal kindness with the people of the South." In March, 1858, Col. Tappan delivered another able speech in the House upon Slavery Agitation, Nullifica tion, and the Lecompton Constitution, in which he said he wished " to put on record the protest of New Hamp shire against what I conceive to be the most stupendous political fraud that was ever before attempted to be per petrated upon any people ! " In the 36th Congress, in the winter of 1860-61, Col. Tappan was placed upon the celebrated select commit- THREE MONTHS TROOPS. 61 tee of thirty-three one from each State to whom was referred so much of the President s annual message as related to the then disturbed state of the country, and joined with C. C. Washburn, of Wisconsin, in a minor ity report. The majority had agreed to and submitted a report to the House, recommending amendments to the Constitution which would give to the South all and more than they had claimed for their peculiar institu tion. The minority report was an able document, and concluded with recommending the adoption by the House of the following resolution, which was the same as had been offered in the Senate by Mr. Clark, of ^"ew Hampshire : " Resolved, That the provisions of the Constitution are ample for the preservation of the Union, and the pro tection of the material interests of the country ; that it needs to be obeyed rather than amended ; and our ex trication from present difficulties is to be looked for in efforts to preserve and protect the public property and enforce the laws, rather than in new guarantees for par ticular interests, or compromises or concessions to un reasonable demands." When the minority report was submitted, on the 5th of February, 1861, Mr. Tappan made a speech in the House, defending in an eloquent and forcible manner the position he and his associate, Mr. Washburn, had taken. He declared it as his belief that no compromise measures could be adopted by Congress which would appease the fury of the South or be productive of any good. He also declared his faith in the patriotism of the mass of the people of the country and in the Consti tution to carry the nation safely through the crisis then pending. These positions were justified by subsequent events. Col. Tappan was appointed by members of the House of Representatives on the Vigilance Committee at 62 THE GREAT REBELLION. Washington, the latter part of the winter of 1861, wheu the very atmosphere of that localitf seemed charged with treason, and was most zealous and active in watch ing the movements of rebels resident and temporarily there plotting the destruction of the Capital and our national existence. On the call of President Lincoln for 75,000 volunteers for three months, Col. Tappan was one of the first men in the State to enlist. When the First Regiment was being organized, he was regarded by almost everybody who knew him as the proper person to take command of it, and was accordingly appointed and commissioned Colonel by Gov. Goodwin. As a commander he was patriotic, brave, thoughtful of and kind to his officers and men, and respected by all. He returned to the State with his regiment at the expiration of its term of enlistment, and was mustered out with it. Afterwards, when Col. Whipple resigned the command of the Fourth Regiment, it was offered by Gov. Berry to Col. Tappan, but he declined it for the reason that it would be unjust to Lieut. Col. Bell and other officers of the regiment. He did not again enter the arm} 7 . As the subsequent regiments were organized the command of them was earnestly sought by scores of good and patriotic men, while Col. Tappan modestly waited the call of his coun try. Since the close of the 36th Congress, when his third term in the House of Representatives expired, Col. Tap- pan has devoted himself assiduously to the practice of his profession, and is regarded as among the first law yers in the State, both as counselor and advocate. He has taken an active part in nearly every political can vass in the State for the last fifteen years, delivering many eloquent and effective speeches upon pending issues. THREE MONTHS TROOPS. 63 As a citizen, a neighbor writes of him : " Mr. Tappan s kindness to the poor and afflicted; his fidelity as a friend; his sensitiveness of heart, and his honor in hia profession, are proverbial among his most intimate ac quaintances." From the, 1st to the 4th of May the First Regiment was mustered into the service of the United States. The State uniformed and equipped the officers, and sup plied the regiment with tents, camp equipage of almost every description, sixteen thorough built four-horse baggage wagons, a two-horse ambulance, and excellent horses and harnesses for the whole ; medical stores, surgical instruments, provisions, etc., sufficient to en able the men to support themselves for weeks, if neces sary. Thus equipped the regiment embarked on board the cars at Concord, on the morning of the 25th of May, bound for the seat of war. The train consisted of eigh teen passenger cars and the same number of frieght cars. The novelty of the event, together with the anxious and tender solicitude of friends, drew together a great crowd to witness the departure. The masses which packed the area, swaying to and fro at every movement; the groups of friends with hearts wildly beating against each other as they exchanged parting embraces and kisses ; the sobs and cries that bespoke the tender af fection of mothers, sisters, wives and loved ones ; the deep sympathy that came welling up from all hearts and betraying itself in the anxious and tearful counte nance ; all this in strange contrast with the boisterous shouting and laughing of the soldiers some of which might be traced to recklessness, but much more to a desperate attempt to maintain their courage and cheer fulness together with the rousing cheers of the multi tude as a final farewell, were prominent features in the 64 THE ORE AT REBELLION. picture, which will not soon fade from the memory ot those who witnessed the scene, and especially those who were actors in it. The progress of the regiment thence onward was one continued ovation through all the inhabited portions of the route. Every house displayed its flag ; the husband men left their fields to give them words of cheer ; in villages and thickly settled districts the roadsides were lined with the inhabitants men, women and children, vieing with each other in their sentiments of honor and words and deeds of encouragement. At Worcester, Mass., the citizens provided a magnificent entertain ment in Mechanics Hall, spread upon tables sufficient to accommodate the entire regiment. This favor was most opportune and was gratefully remembered by the soldiers during their campaign. Leaving Worcester the regiment proceeded by the Sound route to New York, arriving there on Sunday morning, May 26th, and enjoyed the hospitalities of the city. The soldiers were entertained at the Arsenal, and a sumptuous din ner was provided for the officers at the Astor House. The Sons of New Hampshire in New York, number ing four hundred and fifty, met at the Brandreth House, at half-past seven o clock in the morning, and organized by choosing Charles L. Frost, chairman, and John P. March, Secretary, and marched to the steamboat wharf to meet the regiment. On this occasion and before the arrival of the boat, impromtu speeches were made by Dr. W. M. Chamberlain, H. B. Perkins and Judge Pea- body. It was also resolved that they should form an association for the relief of New Hampshire soldiers, and that the families of the troops should be cared for in the absence of their protectors, all present pledging themselves to carry out the project to the fullest extent. A committee, styled a Committee of Aid and Corre spondence, was appointed, and consisted of the follow- THREE MONTHS TROOPS. 65 ing gentlemen : Robert Colby, New London ; W. M. Chamberlain, Hanover; John P. March, Rochester; Charles E. Soule, Exeter; Levi P. Morton, Bristol; George E. Mendum, Portsmouth ; L. L. Britton, Or- ford; George II. Moore, Concord; John L. Hanson, Dover. The steamers arrived between nine and ten o clock, and while the men were disembarking, Fred A. Briggs, of Claremout, then clerk ut the LaFarge House, was raised upon some cotton bales and ordered to lead the singing of " America " and " Old Hundred," which he did with spirit, while the whole Association sung most enthusiastically. They sung and cheered un til they were hoarse, and as Col. Tappan passed by them at the head of his troops the excitement was intense. A procession was formed under the marshalship of Sid ney Webster, and the entire body marched to the Bran- dreth House, where a beautiful silk flag was presented to the regiment by Judge Bonney, in the following speech : "FELLOW CITIZENS AND SOLDIERS OF NEW HAMP SHIRE : We, natives of the Granite State, desire to welcome you to the metropolis. It is not our place to inquire why you are here. We all know that in time of old, when the liberty of the country, and the people was in danger, New Hampshire sent a large number of men to the support of the government. We know that when the Constitution was subsequently in danger, and when it was sought to be violated in the halls of the Legislature, New Hampshire sentforth expounders ablest of them all. And now, when the cry has gone forth that the country is in danger and the Constitution unsafe, New Hampshire comes to the rescue as of old, and says the Union and the Constitution shall be maintained. (Cheers). Soldiers, you are going to fight a great fight fight in a great cause, and for great principles. It is to be determined now whether man is capable of self- 66 THE GREAT REBELLION. government, and whether we have a government at all. "We know that when you meet danger you will meet it as your forefathers did without fear. We of the Gran ite State desire to present you with this banner, to be borne in the struggle. It bears no strange or unusual device. It is the old Stars and Stripes, the device of our fathers, grown broader and broader every year as a new star has been added to the glorious constellation. It is that untarnished flag which has never suffered dis honor or humiliation, and which was only lowered at Sumter by the odds of seven thousand men against seventy. To your hands we intrust the banner, feeling secure that it will be nobly borne, and that the words of General Dix : If any man attempts to haul down that flag, shoot him on the spot, will ever accompany it. This is not the time for talking. We will present you with the flag, and bid you Onward God speed/ Those whom you have left behind you, and those you see around you, will come to your aid if you ever should call for assistance, and to this end we all pledge ourselves." Colonel Tappan replied in a neat and appropriate speech, substantially as follows : " Sons of New Hampshire in New York, I have not words to thank you for the kind manner in which you have greeted us. It is but natural for us, who have re cently left our homes and bid adieu to all the ties which bind us there, to receive gratefully the kind attentions which have been manifested during our travels. In fact, our progress all along the route has been a con tinued ovation. These manifestations of a free people show how plainly is the determination to maintain the Union in all its integrity. But none of these manifes tations are more grateful than the one to-day. I will take this beautiful flag, and promise that you will never THREE MONTHS TROOP&. 67 have occasion to regret that you gave it to us that it never will be tarnished by this regiment, but that every man will rally to its protection. We know that this may be no holiday affair ; but we have counted the cost. It is, as you say, no time to inquire what we are here for. It is to be determined whether one State, or seven States, can secede and break up the most glorious gov ernment ever devised by man. (Loud cheers.) That flag shall never be dishonored, I can assure you, gentle men." The flag was paid for by subscription from the friends of New Hampshire men in New York City. The amount of subscription was put at three dollars, and no greater sum was received from any one person. A New York paper, in giving an account of the pas sage of this regiment through that city, said : " Accom panying the troops were one hundred and sixteen horses, sixteen baggage wagons, containing tents and provisions for thirty days, and one hospital wagon. There were also in attendance sixteen nurses, who took dinner at the Astor House. The troops were dressed in a gray uniform, and armed with Springfield muskets of 1847 pattern. In point of equipage no body of sol diers was ever better provided for ; and as for fighting material, they even excelled the Sixty-Ninth (Irish) regiment of this State." The burial of Col. Ellsworth, of the New York Fire Zouaves, who was shot at the Marshall House, Alexan dria, Ya., on the 24th, when taking down a rebel flag, occurred on this day, and the funeral procession was so extended as to baffle repeated attempts to pass through the city to Jersey ferry, and the regiment was obliged to stand on the street until its entire length had passed. The regiment proceeded to Baltimore by railroad, ar riving there about four o clock in the afternoon of Monday, the 27th of Mav. This was the great point of 68 THE GREAT REBELLION. interest to all as the scene of the first blood shed in the rebellion. The men disembarked frorrf the cars and were kept waiting nearly two hours for the baggage train. Perfect order and quiet prevailed, though the streets were thronged with citizens. Many words of cheer were quietly spoken ; water and refreshments were distributed ; one large flag was stretched across the street and many small ones were flying from the windows, and occasionally a lady was seen waving her handkerchief. With these exceptions the calm was evi dently that of a spirit under the restraint of fear. The Manchester Cornet Band, which was attached to the regiment, played the first national air in that city after the murderous assault upon the Massachusetts Sixth. It was "Yankee Doodle," and they played it with a will, the men of the regiment seeming to enjoy it all the more for the evident annoyance it occasioned to a large portion of the bystanders. At a late hour the regiment marched through the city to the Camden Sta tion and took the cars for Washington. A crowd was collected at the depot, and a few faint cheers rose above the noise and confusion of the departure. The regiment arrived at Washington at half-past one o clock on Tuesday morning, May 28. Early in the morning the regiment marched up Pennsylvania Avenue, passing the President s house, and on to Ival- orama, about two miles out of the city, and went into camp. Immediately a special messenger arrived from the President, complimenting Col. Tappan as having the best appointed regiment that had thus far come in to Washington. During the day numerous philan thropic ladies and gentlemen and sanitary committees visited the camp and inquired after the wants of the men, proffering services for their relief, and seemed almost incredulous when told they needed nothing. It was a novelty for a regiment to appear at Washington THREE MONTHS TROOPS. 69 prepared to take care of themselves, so hastily had the troops left their homes to rush to the defense of the na tion capital "When in camp the religious services consisted uni formly of singing by the regiment and reading of the scriptures and prayer by the Chaplain, immediately after the dress parade. On Sunday there was added a short address by the Chaplain. While at Kalorama, very many spectators of all classes, from Washington, congregated to witness these ceremonies, and among them were often seen President Lincoln and family. Just before the religious services on the 1st of June, firing was heard in the direction of Alexandria, and an unofficial messenger communicated the intelligence that an engagement was in progress, and the First New Hampshire Regiment was to be called out, which cre ated no little excitement among the men, not one of whom had ever been under fire, and the worthy Chap lain had caught something of the infection. A discon nected portion of his prayer on that occasion has often been published in such a way as to do that gentleman great injustice. It was to the effect " That if God could make it consistent with his purposes concerning us as a people and a nation, blood-shed and violence might be averted; but if otherwise, his purpose, justice, liberty and peace demanded the sacrifice, that He would give to our soldiers a brave heart, a firm nerve, a steady eye, and send the missile straight to its mark." The alarm proved to be a false one and the excitement soon sub sided. At seven o clock on Monday morning, the 10th of June, the regiment broke camp and joined a brigade commanded by Col. Charles P. Stone, and marched to Rockville, nineteen miles. The day was very warm, and some of the men, overcome by the heat, fell out by the way, but were helped forward in the wagons and by ofE- 70 THE GREAT REBELLION. cers who dismounted and placed them upon their horses, Col. Tappan and the others often giving *ip their horsea to weary and over-heated privates. The regiment went into camp upon the Montgomery County Fair Grounds, a beautiful spot, and named it Camp Lincoln. Here they made the acquaintance of the New York Ninth, in this wise : While on the march from Kalorama the Ninth was behind the New Hampshire First. When they halted at noon for rest and refreshment, the Ninth marched first and passed our regiment, at which our boys were a little piqued, considering it a breach of etiquette. They occupied the north slope of the Fair Ground and our regiment the south. At the dress parade the next day the Ninth came out first and were looked upon in mute curiosity. The First followed and did their best, while the Ninth watched them with as tonishment at their proficiency in drill, and expressed approbation by frequent cheers. After the parade was over the First returned to the parade ground and began vociferously to cheer the Ninth, which compliment was enthusiastically returned, and for ten minutes the two were pitted against each other in the exercise of the vocal organs upon the highest possible pitch, when sud denly the Ninth vaulted the fence which separated them and rushed to the area; the First accepted the challenge, and instantly not less than fifteen hundred soldiers were shaking hands, embracing each other, shaking the earth with their cheers and stamping and literally filling the air with their caps. Such a scene of sinking all preju dice in the cordial greetings of kindred spirits it is not the privilege of men often to witness. The most inti mate friendship ever after prevailed between them, at tracting the notice of the entire brigade. The people of Rockville were struck with the utmost consternation at the appearance of our troops, supposing that " beauty and booty " was their sole errand. This THREE MONTHS TROOPS. 71 impression was soon dissipated, however, by the kind and orderly behavior of the men. The men were gen erally very well behaved and respected the property of the inhabitants, while there were a few who were much inclined to find something good to eat, without so much regard to the superior claims of the owners. A stutter ing soldier entered a house and asked the good lady to sell him some pie, who replied, " We don t sell pies to your kind of soldiers." He coolly drew his pistol, laid it on the table, sat down beside it and began, Yankee fashion, to ask many indifferent questions. Finally he inquired, " Ho-ow-ow long do-does it t-t-take to bu-bu- build a-a house d-d-down here?" "Wall bout three months, I reckon, if we work right smart." " D-d-does it? (looking around the room), it wo-wo-wont t-take three ho-hours t-t-to p-p-pull it d-d-down." His crea ture wants were soon supplied, and after offering to pay he bowed himself out with a grateful " t-t-thank you ma-a-am." But one Union flag was displayed in the place show ing that secession was the prevailing sentiment and this was in the yard of Rev. L. S. Russell, rector of the Episcopal church, and a son of Major Russell, of Boston, of Revolutionary note. There were a few other Union families there, and many that professed Union for the occasion. Court was in session, and one of the soldiers took a small flag, went into the second story of the court house, and reaching out of a window, stuck the staff into a joint of the bricks, where it remained until the regiment left. It was the occasion of much angry talk and many threats, but no one dared to touch it. On the 14th of June the regiment started on the march to Poolsville. It was reported from Washington that Harper s Ferry was evacuated by the rebels, and that they were liable to come down upon the small 72 THE GREAT REBELLION. bodies of troops stationed as guards along the river. The march was apparently a perilous ne, but the ut most cheerfulness was manifested by the men. The regiment bivouacked for the night at Darnestown, nine miles from Rockville, and arrived at Poolsville, nine miles further, about noon of the 15th. The real object of this movement proved to be to guard the river against the rebels who might contemplate crossing. There be ing a large force of rebels at Leesburg, Va., five miles inland from Conrad Ferry, fears were entertained that they would attempt to cross at that point. On the morning of the 17th, Companies A, C, E, G and I were sent there under command of Lieut. Col. Whipple. When within about a mile of the Ferry the rebels opened fire upon them with rifles, and soon after with six Ib. cannon, while the detachment of the First Regi ment had nothing but Springfield muskets. They con tinued the fire at intervals for an hour. In the afternoon the enemy opened fire again with rifles and cannon, and thus continued from time to time through that day and the day following. On the evening of the 17th Col. Stone ordered Capt. Gardoer, of the Pennsylvania Rifle men, with twenty of his company, to the Ferry, who joined in the fight, firing simultaneously with the boys of the First Regiment into the smoke of the enemy, the only indication of their exact position. Here the firing on both sides ceased. The rebels acknowledged the loss of one captain and two privates killed and about twelve wounded. None of our men were hurt, though several very narrowly escaped. As soon as it was ascertained that the firing was in the direction of the Ferry, Col. Tappan started with the other five companies of the regiment for the scene of action, soon after which he met a messenger who noti fied him of the engagement. He was soon, however, overtaken by an order from Col. Stone, to return and THREE MONTHS TROOPS. 73 guard the camp from an anticipated attack from another direction. There was some difference of opinion as to the propriety of sending so many men to the Ferry, which was Col. Stone s plan, Col. Tappan being of opin ion that a simple picket would be less likely to invite an attack, which was not the object in view. An incident occurred here worthy to be recorded to the memory of the actress. Mrs. Dr. Brace was sitting by the Chaplain s tent door when the firing was first heard. She mounted her horse and rode home, and immediately wrote the following note to the Captain of a company of infantry belonging to Poolsville. The Captain was Union, but most of his men were secesh : " CAPT. FLETCHER : Do you fight under the Stars and Stripes ? If so, up and be doing ! Virginia is firing upon Maryland! Shall WE stand idly by and let Northern men protect our homes and firesides ? " A Miss Susan Dawson, nineteen years of age, of Daw- sonville, Ya., whose widowed mother s house was ever a soldier s home, was one day on a visit to her uncle s, at Poolsville. The uncle being absent a secesh came to the door and demanded a stand of arms that the uncle was known to have in his possession. Her aunt being a timid woman, Susan went to the door and re fused to give them up. He first attempted to intimi date her by insolence and threats, but finding her proof against this kind of tactics, he asked to see the arms., when she replied : " The arms belong to the State of Maryland, and in due time will be returned to the State authorities. You can neither have them nor see them, and the sooner you are off the better." He left without further parley. These are perhaps fair samples of the spirit of the true Union women met with in Maryland during the 74 THE QREA T REBELLION. first few months of the rebellion. Their boldness and decision might well have been emulated by many pro fessed Union men at the North during those days, when doubt and indecision gave to the rebels courage and hope. The following correspondence, showing the state of feeling in Maryland at that time, is worth a place here : " DARNESTOWN, June 19, 1861. "REV. MR. ABBOTT, Dear Sir: I learned through my friend, E. S. Hayes, that you had passed through Darnestown en route for the D. C., and would return to day, and concluded I would write you concerning some information I received on my return from Poolsville on the same day you arrived at that place. Mr. N. Almutt, who owns the farm located on each side of Seneca Creek, which you crossed en route to Poolsville, and one of our strongest Union men, who has been voting with the democratic party and owning slaves, and is one who I know would not misrepresent the conduct of any one. I stopped at his house on my return, and he was somewhat desponding. I inquired the cause, and his reply was : He had enough to discourage the hope of non-interference on the part of the troops with our slaves. " As your regiment was passing by his farm, his farm hands were plowing corn in a field bordering on the road, and as the men moved up the road he fol lowed along with the regiment as far as his house, and saw several of your men beckon to his servants in the field and ask them if they did not want to be free, &c. Now, my dear sir, this is all wrong, and ought to be stopped. " God knows I speak from the best motives and with a view to strengthen the Union feeling. Break down THREE MONTHS TROOPS. 75 the idea of interference, and ultimately save our country, and render your lives more comfortable and pleasant while absent from your families. " I hope you will call the Colonel s attention to this fact, and oblige " Your respectful friend and well-wisner, " JOHN L. DUFIEF, " Darnestown, Md. " N". B. May God in his mercy avert this horrible war, and all learn to respect the laws and the Constitu tion, and continue as a nation unto the end of time, a happy, prosperous and united people. Hoping you and j our friends may return to your families safely, "Remain yours, &c., " J. L. D. " If convenient should be please to hear from you. D." "POOLSVILLE, Md., June 21, 1861. " JOHN L. DUFIEF, ESQ. My dear sir : Your favor of the 19th inst., was duly received and read with great interest. I admire the frankness with which you speak, and confide in the spirit and motive by which you are actuated ; and I assure you that in my reply, the same frankness, spirit and motive shall be sacredly regarded. " It seems that your friend s despondency is predi cated solely on the fact that he saw several of our men beckon to his servants in the field and ask them if they did not want to be free, &c. i This, you say, is all wrong and ought to be stopped. I fully believe his statement and agree with you in your conclusion ; and I assure you that should any of our men be detected in tampering with the slaves for the purpose of aiding them to escape, they would meet with severe and mer ited punishment. We came here for no such purpose, and no such conduct is, or will be tolerated under any 76 THE GREAT REBELLION. ordinary circumstances. Whether or not, in a seceding state, slaves as property would be considered, contra band of war and subject to confiscation, is a question upon which I have consulted no one, and can give no opinion. One thing is certain, whatever may be the sentiment of a part of our regiment, with regard to the moral right of slavery, we have come here with the in tention of recognizing the fact of property in slaves and of respecting the rights of citizens who hold such prop erty. Now, my dear sir, with this possible exception you and your friends from the District of Columbia to the Gulf of Mexico may rest in the utmost security. Not a slave will be permitted to go one mile or rod with us, from his master, with our knowledge. " Now to be a little more definite with regard to the case you mention, let me say, first, that we have nearly a thousand men with us, the first enlistment of volun teers ; and can any rational man expect or even demand that there should be no rogues among them who would do such a thing merely for mischief? I do not know of one and yet there may be, and if so, should that discour age Union men here ? or should the whole regiment be held responsible for it, and their motive be impugned for it ? " Again. If you and your friend were as well ac quainted with Yankee character as I am, you would be more amused than alarmed at such questioning. We are constitutionally and hereditarily addicted to asking questions, and the propensity to gratify curiosity is as irresistible as the current of a mighty river. Hence the same question has always been asked by northerners, both pro-slavery and anti-slavery, in traveling south. It is simply a wish to know for themselves what they learn by testimony. I feel the same curiosity myself, though I have wholly restrained it, on account of the extreme sensitiveness of the people just at this time. I very THREE MONTHS TROOPS. 77 seriously doubt whether a man in our company had any other motive in the questions they asked. " I thought when I left home, and every day s march and every day s residence here confirm the opinion, that a more intimate social acquaintance of the people North and South will do more than all the bayonets in the country to harmonize feeling and effect a desirable and permanent peace as it respects the masses. When they are right, all is right. God knows that such a peace is the one great desire of the masses of the North, and I doubt not the same is true of the South also. " Our arms are not taken up for the purpose of inva sion, or for * blotting out the South, but simply to stand by and defend the government and the glorious old flag, which have been assailed. Let us now, my dear sir, believe each other, trust each other, be charit able towards each other and stand shoulder to shoulder in the cause upon the success of which depend our se curity, our prosperity and the value of all our prized institutions. Let us devoutly pray to the God of na tions that right and justice may prevail and peace be speedily restored. " I designed to say in another connection that slaves are daily sent into camp on business whose masters have repeatedly expressed the utmost confidence in our men. And slaves are all the time at work in a field ad joining our camp, and no fears are expressed, because, I firmly believe, no occasion for fear is given. " Let me say in conclusion, that I cannot hold myself bound to reply to letters upon this subject, because we do not propose any such interference as is suggested; but knowing the kind spirit in which you write I am very happy to respond, and shall be happy to acknowledge any further correspondence with you. I have written this in great haste, that it may go by a messenger about leav- 78 THE GREAT REBELLION. ing, and you are at liberty to make such honorable use of it as you please. " Respectfully your friend and brother, " S. G. ABBOTT, " Chap. 1st K H. Vol. M." The regiment remained at Poolsville twenty-one days, and guarded about fifteen miles of the river, night and day, besides doing much guard and picket duty in other directions. For days at a time they had not less than twenty miles of sentinels, so near to each other that the discharge of a musket would in a few minutes alarm every man in the regiraent. As has been remarked, the men of this regiment gen erally respected the rights and property of the inhabit ants in the vicinity of their camp, though there were occasional complaints made to the Colonel of their depredations. One morning a citizen entered a com plaint, and the Colonel soon after met a squad of the boys who he suspected might have been concerned in the appropriation of certain fowls which were missing, and told them with apparent seriousness that they had got themselves into trouble. " Why," said one of them, " what is the trouble ? " " Mr. A. says he has lost eleven geese." " Eleven geese ! did he say any thing about his pigs ? " This was a little too much for the Colonel s gravity, and he passed on with a snuff and a laugh that any one would appreciate who has seen him. and nobody else can. One day the Staff found upon the dinner-table a roast pig, of which they all ate freely, asking no questions. Soon after all were sick except the Chaplain, whose escape the others jocosely attributed to the fact that he had become used to such food ; whereupon he retorted that it was not so, but because he was not aware that the pig was stolen, while they were. THREE MONTHS TROOPS. 79 The regiment acquired and retained the reputation through its division of the army for great fearlessness and daring, and passed everywhere by the sobriquet of " The NQW Hampshire Wild Cats." It was no un common thing for them to meet rebel pickets midway of the river by swimming or fording, drink each other s health, mutually curse the war, and return to duty. H. M. Prescott, of Bristol, swam across the river, un moored a boat, and pushed it before him till he thought it safe to get in. He was hardly seated before a rebel ball passed between his arm and side, glanced upon the side of the boat, spent itself in the stern, and rolled back to his feet, whereupon he jumped into the water and pushed the boat across. Such incidents were not infrequent during this encampment. On the 3d of July that portion of the regiment which was stationed at Conrad Ferry, broke camp and marched eight miles to the mouth of the Monocacy, a branch of the Potomac, where they spent the Fourth. That part of the regiment which was stationed at Edward s Ferry, five miles below Conrad, arrived at Monocacy on the morning of the 5th, just in season to join the advance before marching to Point of Rocks, a dirty little secesh village, six miles from Monocacy. The day before their arrival the proprietor of the St. Charles Hotel had re fused Col. Stone entertainment, whereupon he marched up a company of men, took military possession and run the hotel on his own account. Here the men saw the cars for the first time since leaving Washington. On the 6th of July a detachment, under command of Col. Tappan, moved by cars to Sandy Hook, twelve miles, opposite Harper s Ferry, and in the night orders were received to send all the baggage that could be spared to Frederick, leave the tents behind in charge of a guard, and prepare for rapid movements. At noon 80 THE ORE AT REBELLION. on the 7th the reserve was sent up by cars to Sandy Hook. It was Col. Stone s design to *cross the river and take possession of Harper s Ferry, believing that the best base of operations for that department. Be fore the movement was made, however, a messenger was sent down the river from Gen. Patterson with orders to advance to Williamsport and join him in the pursuit of Johnston. At 7 o clock, P. M., they marched again, keeping the Maryland side of the river, and arrived at Sharpsburg, twelve miles, at two o clock on the morning of the 7th, and at Williamsport, twelve miles further, in the after noon, immediately forded the river, and trod for the first time the sacred soil of Virginia. Here they again joined the New York Ninth and other regiments of the brigade. At four o clock on the morning of the 8th of July the entire command of Col. Stone marched for Martinsburer, O " twelve miles, arriving there at noon, and joined the command of Gen. Patterson, between Williamsport and Martin sburg. Patterson had his running fight with Johnston, called the battle of Falling Waters, from a small but very rapid brook of pure cold water. The prostrate fences, torn and prostrate trees, riddled and demolished houses and fresh graves by the road side, indicated the field of action. A rebel ball crashed into the corner of the roof of a house, arid through the aperture was run up the Union flag. About sixteen thousand troops were concentrated here, and it was the design to march the following day in pur suit of Johnston, but it was subsequently determined to postpone the march until further orders, though it was then regarded of great importance to prevent him from marching from Winchester to re-enforce the army at Manassas. Gen. Patterson s action in this matter was a mystery, and after a thorough investiga- THREE MONTHS TROOPS. 81 tion of the circumstances he was superseded by Gen. 1ST. P. Banks, of Massachusetts. The clothes of the men had become very much worn and they were almost shoeless. What new pants they had were distributed, but not a pair of shoes could be obtained. Necessity is the mother of invention. Lieut. George W. Colbath, of Dover, was detailed to head the force; leather, thread, awls and hammers were ob tained ; pegs were made with knives, and soon several shoemaker s shops were extemporized and in full opera tion in the grove where the regiment was encamped; the old shoes were mended, and the men s feet thus made comfortable for the time. The boys were obliged to make all sorts of shifts to cover their nakedness. Three of them got a sutler s sign, painted upon cotton cloth " Pies and Cakes," divided it into three parts, and patched the seats of their pantaloons with it. Their positions were together in the line, and when on parade it read from right to left of the company, " PIES AND CAKES," to the no small amusement of the regiment. Another man patched the seat of his pantaloons with the discarded covering of a ham, plainly marked in cir cular form, " SUGAR-CURED HAMS, FOR FAMILY USE." An institution of the regiment, and indeed of the army, was the fife-major, Francis H. Pike, of Man chester. Any attempt to describe his personal appear ance would be futile. He could only be appreciated after having been seen, in full uniform, baton in hand, at the head of the regiment. Those who never saw him thus have yet to see a fife-major. He had left his gaudy uniform at Point of Rocks and had on only a fatigue cap and blouse. Walking up to the hotel door, where a guard was stationed with strict orders to let none pass in but commissioned officers, he was sud- 82 THE GREAT REBELLION. denly brought to a halt. Drawing himself up to his full height and looking down upon tlie sentinel with the utmost indignation, he calmly, but with great authority asked "Do you know who I am, sir?" The sentinel felt the majesty of his speech and meekly inquired, " Are you an officer?" "What do I look like, sir?" replied the indignant fife-major. "Pass," was the laconic answer. On Monday, July 15, at five o clock in the morning, the regiment with the rest of the division under Gen. Patterson consisting of twenty-seven regiments and six hundred wagons were on the march, and all hearts were fired with enthusiasm when they found themselves on the road to "Winchester. The rebels were scattered along the road in small companies, but fled on the ap proach of the Union army. A few cannon shots were occasionally exchanged, but no one was injured. They arrived at Bunker Hill, ten miles from Martinsburg, about two o clock, P. M., and encamped on ground just vacated by the rebels, a small force of whom retreated from Bunker Hill with the utmost haste. They were now within fifteen miles of Winchester, and were elated with the expectation of being led next morning to that place, either to engage the enemy or to inter cept and prevent him from re-enforcing the army at Manassas. The day was passed in a feeble reconnoisance in the direction of Winchester, with no results. The next morning, the 17th, at day light, instead of advancing on Winchester, a retreat to Charlestown, twelve miles, was commenced. It now became quite evident that there was no design on the part of Gen. Patterson to meet the enemy. The army marched into the village of Charlestown about noon, taking the people by sur prise. The men were discouraged and demoralized. THREE MONTHS TROOPS. 83 They had several times expected to meet the rebels, and had as often been disappointed, which they charged upon Gen. Patterson. Charlestown was a place of more than ordinary inter est to the troops as the scene of John Brown s imprison ment, trial and execution. The court house, jail and the site of the gallows, were visited by thousands, and anything that could be gathered in the form of relics, was carried away. On the night of the 18th, Capt. Kelley s company, while on picket, captured a horse and carriage with two men. They also arrested two negroes at different times, who proved to belong to the same master, and both told the same story, as follows : Their master was in the rebel army ; their overseer, who lived two miles out of the village, was captain of a company of local militia. On the approach of our arrny he disbanded the company; secreted their arms under the eaves of the Court House ; hid his uniform, and went home. A report was made in the morning at head-quarters and a search was ordered. Lieut. Nettleton, of Co. D, being that day Lieutenant of the guard, commenced the search in the attic, but found nothing, when he was informed by a citizen that he helped bury the arms in the cellar of the Court House, whereupon Lieut. Kettleton set a squad of the Massachusetts Twelfth to digging, Capt. Barton being present and assisting. Forty-three stand of arms were found, which were carried away by the Massachusetts Twelfth, who claimed the credit of the discovery. All the County records, stationery, &c., were found here, evidently buried in great haste. Lieut. Nettleton, with a squad of men, surrounded a house and arrested a rebel Lieutenant and his accomplices, secur ing their arms. On the night of the 20th the regiment received the first information of fighting at Manassas, and in the 84 THE GREAT REBELLION. night received orders to cook one day s rations. On the morning of the 21st, the day of the battle of Bull Hun, the division marched to Harper s Ferry, six miles, and encamped on Bolivar Hights. Before marching from Charlestown, Col. Stone gave orders to his com mand that any man stealing from the citizens should have his head shaved and be drummed out of the camp, as the least punishment. Said he, " I never was in or saw an army that conducted as this did at Bunker Hill, the New Hampshire First excepted." Gen. N. P. Banks was appointed to supersede Gen. Patterson, and arrived on the night of the 24th and as sumed the command, much to the gratification of offi cers and men, all of whom had looked upon the latter with distrust for some weeks. The change of cam- maiulers inspired the men with new spirit and confi dence in the ultimate success of the cause for which they had been- called from the peaceful walks of life. On the 28th the First Regiment moved three miles to Sandy Hook, where they went into camp and remained until the 2d of August, when, their term of enlistment having expired, they embarked on board the cars for New Hampshire. They were paid, mustered out of service and discharged at Concord on the 12th of August, 1861. The casualties in the regiment were as follows : Discharged before leaving the State, 3 Discharged by reason of disability, 13 Discharged by court-marshal, 2 Deaths from different causes, 4 Captured by the enemy, 5 Transferred to 2d N. II. Regiment, 1 Deserted, 7 Total, 35 THREE MONTHS TR001S. 80 Although the First New Hamsphire Regiment did not have the privilege of inscribing any pitched battles upon their banner which was no fault of their s they yet rendered very arduous and important service to the country, at a time when to hesitate was to be lost, and never shirked any duty which they were called to perform, or which the imperiled country required at their hands. Many, if not most, of the men of this sub sequently re-enlisted and. served in other New Hamp shire regiments with honor and distinction. Lieut. Col. Whipple was made Colonel of the Fourth; Major Stevens was Colonel of the Thirteenth; Adjutant Fd- lows was Colonel of the Third, and also of the Ninth ; Capt. Bell was Colonel of the Fourth on the resignation of Col. Whipple; Capt. Barton was Lieut. Colonel of the Heavy Artillery ; Quartermaster Batchelder served in the Army of the Potomac as Brigade and Division Quartermaster, with honor to the State ; Surgeon Crosby who unlike many surgeons in the army then and subsequently, knew and kindly, carefully and faith fully administered to the needs of the men, and will ever be remembered with great respect rendered most valuable service in the Army of the Potomac. Chap lain Abbott, than whom no regiment ever had a more patriotic, faithful and industrious one, returned to his high calling and has labored consistently for the salva tion of the souls of men. He compiled a small book, containing thirty or forty hymns, for the use of his regi ment, which was the first one of its kind in the army. Capt. Sturtevant was Major of the Fifth Regiment and was killed at the battle of Fredericksburg ; Capt. Drew was Lieut. Colonel of the Fourth ; Lieut. Sawyer was Major of the Fourth; Lieut. Fuller was Adjutant of the Fourth ; Capt. Kelley was afterwards Brigade Quar termaster ; Captains Greenleaf and Sleeper, and Lieuts. Clough and Wallace were Captains in the Fourth; 86 THE GREAT REBELLION. Lieut. Israel L. Drew was First Lieut, in the Fourth, and died at Annapolis; Fife-Major Pike was Principal Musician in the Fourth. Other commissioned and non commissioned officers and privates served in different organizations, with the ever varying fortunes of war. New Hampshire has many reasons for pride in its First Regiment and the officers and men who com posed it. ACTION OF THE STATE. 87 ACTION OF THE STATE. THE annual session of the Legislature commenced at Concord on the 5th of June, 1861. On the 6th Gov ernor Goodwin delivered a valedictory address, which contained the following paragraphs : " Since the last session of the General Court a revolu tion against the progress of civilization and the liberties of the people has been attempted in our country. This revolution has been for years in preparation, and derives its principal strength from the efforts and influence of men holding place under the General Government, who have conspired to overthrow that Constitution which it was their solemn and imperative duty to uphold. This gigantic conspiracy against liberty and law developed during the past winter a formidable organization for the destruction of the best government which good men ever formed; against which bad men ever con spired; and that our government, controlled as it has been to a great extent by its enemies, has not been en tirely overthrown, is to be attributed to the self-adjusting power of free institutions, and the virtues and energies of a free people. " While it was yet uncertain how far this rebellion would extend, and with an earnest desire that nothing which honorable men could either ask or grant should be left untried, to preserve a Union consecrated by so many hallowed memories, and hitherto attended by such unexampled prosperity, I, in compliance with the unanimous recommendation of our delegation in Con- 88 THE GREAT REBELLION. gress, and in accordance with my own views of duty, requested the Hon. Amos Tuck, the Bfen. Levi Cham berlain, and the Hon. Asa Fowler to attend as Commis sioners for this State, the Convention which assembled at Washington on the 4th of February last, upon the recommendation of the State of Virginia. " On the loth of April last I received by telegraph, through the War Department, a requisition from the President of the United States, calling for one regiment from this State for three months service, to be em ployed in suppressing the rebellion against the laws of the General Government. " This requisition was followed by an intimation that another regiment might soon be required. The state of our militia organization was such that I could not, by a military order, fulfill the constitutional obligations of the State. Upon reflection, I came to the conclusion that I could meet this call with less delay and less ex pense by a voluntary enlistment, than by any other method, and this course was adopted. The prompt and liberal manner in which our banks and citizens placed a large amount of money at my disposal, removed the necessity of convening a special session of the Legislature. " So unanimous was our whole population in resist ing this attempt to overthrow the Constitution and lib erties of the people, that the second regiment was filled as readily as the first. While the second regi ment was organizing, and after the appointment of Col. T. P. Pierce, of Manchester, to its command, I received information from the War Department that it was the desire of the government that all future enlistments should be made for three years, or during the war, and that men enlisted for three months, refusing to en list for the war, be discharged. In accordance with this O suggestion I changed the term of enlistment, and over five hundred of those who had enlisted for three months ACTION OF THE STATE. 89 re-enlisted for three years, and the entire regiment of one thousand and forty-six men was promptly made up. " Col. Pierce, whom I esteem a valuable officer, in consequence of the change in the term of service, hav ing resigned his command, the Hon. Oilman Marston has heen appointed to his place. This regiment has also been mustered into the service of the United States by Major Eastman, of the United States army, and is under drill at Portsmouth. It will leave in a few days for Washington. So generously have our patriotic citizens responded to the call of the country, that many of the three months men, left at Fort Constitution, and others who have enlisted for three years but are not required to complete the second regiment, will form a nucleus for a third regiment, the enrollment of which can be readily accomplished if required ; otherwise they will serve to give efficiency to the re-organization of the State militia. A portion of the three months recruits has been placed by Maj. Gen. Wool, at my suggestion, in Fort Constitu tion, for the defense of the harbor of Portsmouth, and by authority of Gen. Wool and the Secretary of the Navy, I have put that fort in a condition of defense. " A rifle company, composed principally of Concord young men, of high character and sobriety, under com mand of Capt. Griffin, of Concord, were desirous of being armed with Sharp s rifles, to fit them as skirm ishers to the Second Regiment. The citizens of Con cord, together with many members of the company, subscribed an amount sufficient to pay for these rifles, provided the State would not assume the expense, and the arms have been furnished with the above under standing. I am assured that the United States will ultimately pay for them. It is for you to decide whether the State will accept the responsibility for the present, or whether it will rest with the patriotic sub scribers. 90 THE GREAT REBELLION. " I communicate herewith a circular from the Hon. Simon Cameron, Secretary of War, ^requesting that the several States will keep regiments enlisted and un der drill, in their respective States, and prepared for service, upon call, and that when called into service of the United States, their places may be supplied by new enlistments." The Peace Conference, referred to in Gov. Goodwin s address, assembled at Washington on the 4th of Feb ruary, 1861 one month before the inauguration of President Lincoln. Twenty states were represented, thirteen of which were free, and seven were slave states. The extreme South was resolved upon breaking up the Government, and establishing in its stead a slavehold- ing oligarchy, and they refused to take any part in the Peace Conference, notwithstanding the proposition for it came from the slaveholding State of Virginia. Ex- President John Tyler, of Virginia was made chairman. On motion of James Gurthrie, of Kentucky, a com mittee of one from each State was appointed by the chair, on the nomination of the Commissioners thereof, to whom was referred the resolution of the State of Vir ginia. Hon. Asa Fowler was appointed on the part of New Hampshire. The Conference was in session twenty-one days, and came to the following result, which was published to the world as the basis for the settlement of all national differences : 1. That Congress shall never interfere with slavery in the District of Columbia, over which, by the Constitu tion, Congress held exclusive jurisdiction, without the consent of the slaveholding State of Maryland, and the consent of the slaveholders of the District. 2. That Congress shall not forbid slaveholders from bringing their slaves to Washington, nor abolish ACTION OF THE STATE. 91 slavery in any of the dockyards, fortresses, or territories under the jurisdiction of the United States, where slavery then existed. 3. That Congress should not prohibit, and should so amend the Constitution, that the States should not pro hibit, the transportation of slaves from and through any of the States and Territories, where slavery then ex isted either by law or usage. The only concession exacted from the South was, that they should agree to the suppression of the slave trade, which was prohibited by Congress years before as pi racy; that the District of Columbia should not be used as a slave market, which also had been forbidden by a previous compromise ; and that slavery should be pro hibited in all the territory north of the parallel of .36 30 north latitude. Eleven states voted in favor and seven against these peace propositions, while two were divided in their vote. They were reported to Congress, and adopted in the House by 133 yeas to 65 nays, to be recommended to the people, but have never been heard of since. The South meant separation, and nothing else, and acted consistently with that idea. At the close of Gov. Goodwin s address, Nathaniel S. Berry, of Hebron, having been elected Governor in March, appeared, accepted the office, took the oaths prescribed by the Constitution, and was declared by Herman Foster, of Manchester, President of the Senate, Governor for the ensuing political year. He delivered his annual address, from which the following, relating to the rebellion, is extracted : " The seizure of forts, arsenals, mints and public property of the Union, and attacks on its flag, and the usurpation of powers of the General Government which we have recently witnessed, are high-handed acts 92 THE GREAT REBELLION. of treason, without any justification, and based on the most groundless and frivolous pretenses. No alegation or excuse has been given, or can be given, to justify the enormity of the offenses committed. On this ground our people stand as one man. " The masses of the citizens of the different States may not be holden responsible for these acts of treason and rebellion, but their leaders must and will be so holden by the true men of this country and the indig nant sentiment of the civilized world. The crimes committed against us, against the memory and labors of our fathers, and the common and best interests of humanity, we cannot excuse or tolerate. " We unite in the sentiments of Washington, of Web ster, and of Jackson, as to the infinite moment of our National Union to the collective and universal happi ness of the American people; that we can have but 6 one country, one Constitution and one destiny ; and that by every hazard and by every sacrifice, the Union must be preserved. " With the country divided into separate govern ments, having long lines of border communications, we should be subject to continued strife; we could not live in peace as independent adjoining communities. The way of our fathers under the Constitution, rigidly ad hered to by all sections, in its true force and spirit, is the only sure way of national prosperity. " The position taken by our government in the recent correspondence with the French Minister, is the only ground upon which we can stand : That there is not now, nor has there been, nor will there be, any, the least idea existing in this government of suffering a dis solution of this Union to take place in any way what ever. " Under this enunciation of principles, the open, deadly, flagrant war which is now waged against the ~ Q J} d JvGeo. Z. "Ferin ? < ^ NA r HAN IE L S . B E R. H Governor of Xew Hampshire 1861 ACTION OF THE STATE. 93 government of the United States, to compel acquies cence in the dismemberment of the Union, will cease and come to an end, when the Constitution is main tained and enforced, as under the better days of the Republic, under Washington and Adams, Jefferson and Jackson, and not till then. But in this view of our condi tion we have a high and important duty to discharge. " Most of the loyal States of this Union have already holclen special sessions of their Legislatures, to act on the immediate necessities of the crisis. The regular ses sion of our Legislature was so near at hand, that a special session was not deemed essential with us ; especially considering the prompt and efficient measures taken by my predecessor. The Legislature being now assembled, there is a pressing necessity for immediate attention to those measures that shall aid the General Government in resisting the rebellion now waged against our institutions. " To northern State has placed less than a million of dollars at the command of the General Government, in view of the present emergency of the country, and I trust New Hampshire will not be behind her sister States in this respect, and that whatever we may do may be done with perfect unanimity. " In conclusion, permit me to recur to the great struggle with treason and rebellion, in which our coun try is now engaged. It is a rebellion against the most beneficent government ever established upon earth. It threatens with extinguishment our Republic, which has been, and under God will continue to be, the light of nations. In open defiance of the great principle that the final supremacy of the will of the majority, consti tutionally expressed, upon which the stability of repub lican governments depend, this flagrant rebellion has been commenced. It is evidently the purpose of the rebel leaders to substitute, for the rule of the majority, 94 THE GREAT REBELLION. the rule of the minority, with the natural result of anarchy or despotism. " The deep and holy enthusiasm with which the peo ple of the loyal States have responded to the call of the government for military aid to put down the rebellion and crush out treason, can leave no douht of the final result of the struggle. Never in the history of the world was there witnessed a prouder spectacle than the loyal patriotism which was aroused in the land by the guns of Sumter. Party spirit was hushed, and twenty millions of freemen, with one accord, joined hands in solemn pledge that the Union, Constitution and Gov ernment shall be maintained. " The result of the conflict will be the convincing of the world that a republican government can and will be sustained. It may be that our country must be shaken from center to circumference by the mighty struggle ; that liberty must be again baptized in blood; but the principles upon which the republic was founded will be vindicated and made permanent ; the Constitution will be sustained ; the constitutional rights of all American citizens, in all the States, will receive new guarantees ; the freedom of speech and of the press every where in our land will be effectually secured, and the govern ment will come forth purified and strengthened. " We acknowledge the dependence of all rulers and states on Him by whom all government is ordained. We cannot believe that He who was the God of our fathers, and under whose protecting care our country has risen from feebleness to strength, will permit the great experiment of free government to fail, or come short of the ultimate complete security of our greatness and happiness as a united people." At an early stage of the session a bill was introduced in the Legislature entitled " An Act to aid in the de- ACTION OF THE STATE. 95 fense of the country," which, after much discussion and strenuous opposition from a portion of the members, was passed, as follows : Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives, in General Court convened : SECTION 1. All payments and expenditures made by the Governor and Council, or by their authority an I direction, in order to furnish troops from this State for the defense of the United States, or for enlisting, arm ing, equipping, disciplining, maintaining or transport ing said troops, or in any way connected therewith, are hereby approved, ratified and confirmed. SEC. 2. In order to answer any call for troops from this State that has been or may be made by the Presi dent of the United States, or by his sanction and au thority, the Governor, with the advice and consent of the Council, is hereby vested with full power and authority to take such measures as may be deemed best, fbr the enlisting, arming, equipping, disciplining, main taining and transporting such military force of this State as in his judgment may be needed for defending and maintaining, in its full integrity, the authority of the government of the United States, and the constitution and the laws thereof; and to this end he may, with the advice and consent of the Council, appoint all needful officers and agents, and may fix their rank and pay; provided that at no one time more than two regiments shall be enlisted in addition to those that shall have been already mustered into the service of the United States. SEC. 3. The Governor, with the advice and consent of the Council, is hereby authorized to pay from the money appropriated by this act, any of the troops of this State which have been or may be mustered into the service of the United States, during the whole or any 96 THE GREA T R EBELLION. part of the time of such service; and the Governor, with the advice and consent of the Ccruncil, is hereby authorized and empowered to negotiate, adjust and set tle all questions, accounts, matters and things, between this State and the United States, in any way arising from or growing out of the contracts and expenditures mentioned in this act, or out of any contracts or ex penditures which may be made for the public defense or the payment of troops. SEC. 4. For the purpose of meeting the expenses already incurred, or any that may be incurred under this act, or any other act to provide for the defense of the country, or for maintaining the military force of this State, while engaged therein, the Treasurer of this State is hereby authorized, under the sanction of the Gov ernor, with the advice and consent of the Council, to issue bonds or certificates of debt, in the name and on behalf of this State, to an amount not exceeding one million dollars. Said bonds shall bear interest not ex ceeding six per cent, per annum, payable semi-annually, on the first days of January and July, in each year, and may be issued at such times and in sums of such amount as shall be fixed by the Governor and Council. All such bonds shall have interest warrants or coupons at tached thereto, signed by the Treasurer; and said bonds and coupons shall be made payable at the Suffolk Bank, Boston. Said bonds or certificates of debt shall be re deemable in not less than five or more than twenty years from the first day of July, A. D. 1861, and not more than one hundred thousand dollars shall be re deemable in any one year. Said bonds shall be counter signed by the Governor, and shall be deemed a pledge of the faith and credit of the State. The Secretary of State shall keep a record of all the bonds countersigned by the Governor, in which shall be set down the num ber and amount of each bond so countersigned; the time ACTION OF THE STATE. 97 of such countersigning ; the time when such bond shall be payable ; the name of the person to whom said bond may be delivered, and the date of such delivery. The Treasurer may, from time to time, under the direction of the Governor and Council, dispose of so much of the same as shall be required, and for that purpose shall ad vertise, at any time, for proposals for so much as may be needed. And said Treasurer shall keep a record of each bond disposed of by him, which shall contain the name of the person to whom each bond may be sold, and the number thereof, the amount received by him therefor, the date of such sale, and the time of the pay ment therefor. SEC. 5. This act shall be in force from and after its passage. Approved July 3, 1861. This act passed the House by yeas 169, nays 94 ; and the Senate by yeas 10, nays 2. Harry Bingham, of Littleton, presented in the House, a protest to the passage of this act, signed by himself and ninety other members, with the following reasons therefor : 1. Because, the bill compels us to approve, ratify and confirm " All payments made by the Governor and Council, or by their authority and direction, in order to furnish troops from the State for the defense of the United States, or for enlisting, arming, equipping, disciplining, maintaining or transporting said troops, or in any way connected therewith;" of the nature, extent, validity and equity of which we know so little as to be entirely unable to form any definite judgment relative thereto, and because, from any information communicated to this House, we can not assure ourselves or our constitu ents that it would be safe and proper for us thus to ap prove, ratify- and confirm. 98 THE GREAT REBELLION. 2. Because, by the provisions of this bill, the power to consider and determine what appropriations are neces sary, and what disposition has been and shall be made of the money of the people, how and by what agents disbursed, and in what manner accounted for, is taken from the representatives of the people, to whom such power constitutionally belongs, and surrendered to the executive branch of the government. 3. Because we can not permit transactions of any branch of the government to be sealed up from the eyes of the people, or to be placed beyond their power to examine, inspect, and judge. 4. Because we can not regard the action of this House, in the rejection of the amendments proposed to the bill, as other than the assurance that the present war may be waged by unlawful means, for conquest, subjugation, national consolidation, and the extinguishment of State sovereignties, and we are unalterably opposed to the attainment, by any means, of such objects. The protestants in their document disavowed all con siderations and motives of a partisan character, and claimed to act only for the rights and interests of the people, as guaranteed by the Constitution. Another act was passed authorizing cities and towns to aid the families of volunteers, and for other purposes, as follows : Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives, in General Court convened, as follows : SECTION 1. That any city or town may raise money by taxation, or otherwise, and, if necessary, apply the same under the direction of the mayor and aldermen of such city, or a committee by them appointed for that pur pose, or of the selectmen of such town, or a committee chosen at any meeting duly held for that purpose, for the aid of the wife, and of the children Under sixteen ACTION OF THE STATE. 99 years of age, of any inhabitant of such city or town who, as a member of the volunteer or enrolled militia of this State, may have been mustered into, or enlisted in the service of the United States, and for each parent 01* child of such inhabitant, who, at the time of his en listment, was dependent on him for support : Provided, such persons are indigent, and stand in need of such relief; and no disabilities of any kind whatever shall be created by reason of aid so furnished and received. SEC. 2. Any city or town may raise money, by vote, to defray any expense already incurred, or to carry out and fulfill any contract heretofore made with or in be half of any of its inhabitants, or their families or de pendents, which inhabitants may have been called or enlisted into the service of the United States; but all existing contracts between any town or city, and any of its inhabitants, or their families or dependents, shall terminate in ninety days from the date of such contract, or the date of such inhabitants enlistment, if subsequent to such contract and before the passage of this act. SEC. 3. Of the sums paid or applied by any city or town for the support of the family or dependents of any inhabitant who imiy be actually engaged in the service of the United States, as provided in the first section of this act, there shall be annually reimbursed from the treasury of the State, to such city or town, a sum not exceeding one dollar per week for the wife, and one dollar per week for each child or parent of such inhabit ant, who, at the time of his being called or enlisting in to the service of the United States, was dependent upon him for support : Provided, that the whole sum so reim bursed shall not exceed twelve dollars per month for all the persons named in this section so dependent upon any such inhabitant. SEC. 4. No reimbursement shall be allowed from the State treasury to any city or town, as provided in the 100 THE ORE AT REBELLION. preceding section, until a full report, certified and sworn to by a majority of the selectmen or committee of such town, and by the mayor and a majority of the aldermen of such city, containing a statement of the names and service of the inhabitants of such city or town, whose families or dependents have been assisted, as provided in the first section of this act; and the names of the persons assisted, and the relations which such persons severally bear to such inhabitants respec tively, and the sums paid to or for the support of each person, shall have been made to the Treasurer of the State, and carefully examined and approved by him. SEC. 5. A statement, certified and sworn to by a ma jority of the board of selectmen of any town, or by the mayor and a majority of the aldermen of any city, shall be made to the State Treasurer on or before the first "Wednesday of June annually, of the full amount due such town or city for aid furnished in accordance with the provisions of this act. SEC. 6. This act shall take effect upon its passage. Approved July 4, 1861. The following resolutions passed* both branches of the Legislature, unanimously : Resolved by the Senate and House Representatives of the State of New Hampshire in General Court convened : That the contest now existing between the Government and the disloyal people that have commenced an unjustifiable and treasonable war upon its constitutional authority, should be regarded by all loyal men not as a sectional war, not an anti-slavery war, nor a war of conquest and subjugation, but simply and solely a war for the main tenance of the Government, the suppression of rebellion, and the preservation of the magna charta of our liberty and national unity. ACTION OF THE STATE. 101 Resolved, That the State of New Hampshire pledges her resources for the integrity of the Union, for the support of the Constitution, and for the enforcement of the laws of the General Government. Resolved, That the Constitution is the supreme law of the land, and that no State has the right to secede therefrom and dissolve the Union which that Constitu tion was made to secure. Resolved, That the duty of the General Government to suppress all attempts to dissolve the Union is impera tive, and can not be evaded. Resolved, That neither the President nor Congress can constitutionally entertain any proposition which has for its ohject the dismemberment of the Govern ment or the dissolution of the Union. Resolved, That in the lan^uasre of Andrew Jackson, O O " The Federal Union must be preserved." Resolved, That the Secretary of the State be directed to send copies of these resolutions to the President of the United States, the presiding officer of each House of Congress, the Governors of the several States, and each Senator and Representative of this State in Con gress. Approved July 4, 1861. Resolutions were unanimously passed by the Legisla ture thanking the Sons of New Hampshire in New York and Boston, and the citizens of Worcester, Mass., for their attentions to the First and Second New Hamp shire Regiments. The Executive Council, on whom, with the Governor, was imposed the duty of enlisting, arming, equipping and holding subject to orders from the War Depart ment troops from the State, were R. P. J. Tenney, of Pittsfield ; Daniel Sawyer, of Alton ; Moody Currier, of Manchester ; Charles F. Brooks, of Westmoreland, 102 THE GREAT REBELLION. and Denison R. Burnham, of Plymoutli. Allen Tenney, of Concord, was Secretary of State, and*Peter Sanborn, of Concord, State Treasurer, chosen by the Legisla ture. Joseph C. Abbott, of Manchester, having r*~ signed, Ex-Governor Anthony Colby, of New London, was appointed by the Governor and Council, Adjutant and Inspector-General, in June, 1861. Ladies organized sanitary aid societies in almost every considerable town in the State, and furnished the men who enlisted with flannel underclothing and many other articles for their health and comfort, not supplied by the government; and sent to the army hospitals beds, bedding, clothing, bandages, wines, jellies, dried fruits, and indeed every thing needed for the sick and wounded soldiers. They continued their labors and good offices, with efficiency and system, without inter mission, throughout the war, and did much to add to the comfort of soldiers families during the absence of their protectors and supporters. SECOND SEQIMENT. 103 SECOND REGIMENT. AFTER the organization of the First Regiment, the surplus of men at Camp Union were sent to Camp Con stitution, Portsmouth, for the purpose of forming the Second Regiment. They were quartered in rope-walks and adjacent buildings, which had been converted into comfortable barracks, in the southern part of the city. On the 10th of May nine hundred and seventy-nine men all enlisted for three months had arrived at camp and were being drilled, disciplined and made acquain ted with the duties pertaining to a soldier s life, by Col. Thomas P. Pierce, of Manchester, who had been com missioned Colonel of the regiment, when an order came to the Governor from the War Department to send no more three months troops. In consequence of this change in the term of service, Col. Pierce resigned on the 4th of June, and Hon. Gilman Marston, of Exeter, then a member of Congress from the First District, was commissioned Colonel of the three years regiment, and immediately assumed command. The following were the commissioned officers of the regiment during its whole term of service, and their record as appears upon the books in the Adjutant Gen eral s office, with such corrections as ctmld be obtained : FIELD AND STAFF OFFICERS. COLONELS Thomas P. Pierce, of Manchester. Resigned June 4, 1861. Gilman Marston, of Exeter. Wounded July 21, 1861, at Bull Run. Promoted to Brigadier General U. S. Volunteers, April 17, 1863. Edward L. Bailey, of Manchester. Slightly wounded at Gettysburg, July 2, 1863. Mustered out June 29, 1864. 104 THE GREAT REBELLION. Joab "N. Patterson, of Hopkinton. Appointed Brevet Brig^ Gen. U. S. Volunteers, in 1&>5. Mustered out as Colonel, Dec. 19, 1865. Lieut. Colonels Francis S. Fiske, of Keene. Resigned Oct. 23, 1862. Edward L. Bailey, of Manchester. Promoted to Colonel April 18, 1863 James "W. Carr, of Manchester. Slightly wounded at Gettysburg, July 2, 1863. Mustered out June 21 , 1864. Joab N. Patterson, of Hopkinton. Promoted to Colonel Jan. 10, 1865. John D. Cooper, of Concord. Died of disease, at Baltimore, Oct. 30, 1865. Majors Josiah Stevens, Jr., of Concord. Resigned July 25, 1862. Edward L. Bailey, of Manchester. Promoted to Lieut. Col. Oct. 23, 1862. James W. Carr, of Manchester. Promoted to Lieut. Colonel April 18, 1863. Samuel P. Sayles, of Dover. Severely wounded at Gettysburg, July 2, 1863. Mustered out June 21, 1864. John D. Cooper, of Concord. Promoted to Lieut. Colonel March 1, 1865. Levi BT. Converse, of Keene. Promoted to Lieut. Colonel Nov. 1, 1865, but not mustered. Mustered out as Major Dec. 19, 1865. Adjutants Samuel G. Langley, of Manchester. Promoted to Lieut. Colonel of the Fifth Regiment Oct. 26, 1861. Center H. Lawrence, of Fitchburg, Mass. Appointed A. A. Gen. U. S. Vols. Sept. 1, 1862. Albert M. Perkins, of Exeter. Promoted to Captain June 18, 18C3. John D. Cooper, of Concord. Severely wounded at Gettysburg, July 2, 1863. Pro. to Major June 21, 1864. Edgar B. LeGro, of Somersworth. Promoted to Captain Nov. 1, 1864. Charles E. Plaisted, of Portsmouth. Promoted to Captain Nov. 1, 1865. Quartermasters John S. Godfrey, of Hampton Falls. Promoted to Captain and A. Q. M. Vols. Aug. 21, 1861. Francis "W. Perkins, of Concord. Promoted to Capt. and A. Q. M. Vols. June 9, 1862. James A. Cook, of Cornish. Promoted to Captain and Com. Sub. U. S. Vols. July 2, 1863. Honorably discharged for disability, Sept. 1864. SECOND REGIMENT. 105 Charles H. Shute, of Concord. Mustered out June 21, 1864. Abner F. Durgin, of Fisherville. Mustered out Dec. 19, 1865. Surgeons George H. Hubbard, of Manchester. Resigned Oct. 1, 1861. James M. Merrow, of Bollinsford. Mustered out June 21, 1864. William P. Stone, of Danbury. Mustered out Dec. 19, 1865. Assistant Surgeons George P. Greeley, of Nashua. Resigned June 3, 1861. James M. Merrow, of Rollinsford. Promoted to Surgeon Oct 2, 1861. Oscar Worthley, of Stewartstown. Resigned Sept. 17, 1862. "William P. Stone, of Danbury. Promoted to Surgeon July 6, 1864. "William G. Stark, of Manchester. Mustered out Dec. 19, 1865. "Willard C. Kempton, of Plainfield. Mustered out Dec. 19, 1865. Chaplains Henry E. Parker, of Concord. Resigned July 14, 1862. George S. Barnes, of Seabrook. Resigned April 25, 1863. John "W. Adams, of Salem. Mustered out Dec. 19, 1865. Sergeant Majors George "W. Gordon, of Allenstown. Promoted to Second Lieut. July 29, 1861. Center H. Lawrence, of Fitchburg, Mass. Promoted to Adjutant, Oct. 26, 1861. Norton E-. Moore, of Gotfstown. Promoted to Second Lieutenant, July 11, 1862. Henry Hay wood, of Dover. Promoted to First Lieut. Aug. 25, 1862. Frank C. Wasley, of Manchester. Promoted to First Lieut. June 18, 1863. Alvin S. Wiggin, of Manchester. Promoted to Second Lieut, June 18, 18G3. James E. Saunders, of Peterborough. Promoted to Second Lieut. May 11, 1864. Edgar B. LeGro, of Somersworth. Promoted to Adjutant, July 1, 1864 106 THE GREAT REBELLION. Edward Clark, of Hooksett. Promoted to Fir*t Lieut. Nov. 3, 1864. Edwin Richardson, of Nelson. Promoted to First Lieut. Jan. 8, 1865. Charles H. Streeter, of Portsmouth. Promoted to First Lieut. May 1, 1865. William Williams, of Lebanon. Promoted to Second Lieut. July 26, 1865. James Downey. Mustered out Dec. 19, 1865. Quartermaster Sergeants F. W. Perkins of Concord. Jfromoted to First Lieut, and Quartermaster, Aug. 21, 1861. Charles II. Shute, of Concord. Promoted to Second Lieut. Aug. 10, 1862. Joseph II. Wilkinson, of Fisherville. Promoted to Second Lieut. Dec. 16, 1863. Abner F. Durgin, of Fisherville. Re-enlisted, Jan. 1, 1864. Promoted to First Lieut, and Quartermaster, June 24, 1864. Frank H. Hervej, of Exeter. Promoted to First Lieut. May 20, 1865. Richard W. Robinson, of Concord. Promoted to Second Lieut. Nov. 1, 1865. Commissary Sergeants James A. Cook, of Cornish. Promoted to First Lieut, and Quartermaster, June 9, 1862. William J. Rahn, of Keene. Mustered out June 21, 1864. Oliver M. Dame, of Portsmouth. Promoted to First Lieut. May 20, 1865. Francis E. Paris, of Goffstown. Mustered out Dec. 19, 1865. Hospital Stewards William G. Stark, of Manchester. Discharged for disability, Jan. 22, 1863. Re-enlisted Jan. 1, 1864, Pro moted to Asst. Surgeon, June 24, 1864. George Bullen, of Manchester. Discharged for disability, Feb. 17, 1865. William Clifford, of Nashua. Mustered out Dec. 19, 1865. Principal Musicians Daniel W. Newel], of Manchester. Discharge for disability, Jan. 22, 1863. Stephen J. Smiley, Mustered out June 21, 1864. Nathaniel M. Ricker, of Portsmouth. Re-enlisted Jan. 1, 1864. Deserted at Warsaw, Va., Sept, 30, 1865. SECOND REGIMENT. 107 Simeon Partridge, of Concord. Mustered out June 18, 1865. Arthur E. Buckminster, of Manchester. Mustered out Dec. 19, 1865. COMPANY OFFICERS. Co. A. Captains Tileston A. Barker, of Keene. Resigned Sept. 1. 1862. Levi !N". Converse, of Keene. Lost right arm at Gettysburg, July 2, 1863. Promoted to Major May 8, 1865. Edward Clark, of Hooksett. Mustered out Dec. 19, 1865. First Lieuts. Henry M. Metcalf, of Keene. Promoted to Capt. Aug. 13, 1862. Killed at Gettysburg, July 2, 1863. Herbert B. Titus, of Chesterfield. Promoted to Major 9th Reg. June 14, 1862. Frederick W. Cobb, of Keene. Resigned Aug. 31, 1862. Levi 1ST. Converse, of Keene. Promoted to Captain, July 2, 1863. Silas Hay ward, of Fitzwilliam. Mustered out June 21, 1864. Samuel F. Holbrook. Promoted to Captain, April 1, 1865. Oliver M. Dame, of Portsmouth. Honorably discharged, Sept. 25, 1865. John E. Harcwell, of Chester. Mustered out Dec. 19, 1865. Second Lieuts. Herbert B. Titus, of Chesterfield. Promoted to First Lieut. June, 1862. Frederick W, Cobb, of Keene. Promoted to First Lieut. July 1, 1862. Levi 1ST. Converse, of Keene. Promoted to First Lieut. Aug. 31, 1862. Silas Hayward, of FitzwiiHam. Promoted to First Lieut. July 2, 1863. Eobert Miller. Mustered out June 21, 1864. William "Williams, of Lebanon. Dismissed, Nov. 1, 1865. John W. Hammond, of Winchester. Not mustered. Mustered out, Dec. 19, 1865. 108 THE GREAT REBELLION. Co. B. Captains Simon G. Griffin, o Concord. Promoted to Lieut. Colonel 6th Regt. Oct. 26, 1861. Abiel W. Colby, of Concord. Died May 13, 1862. Joseph A. Hubbard, of Manchester. Killed at Gettysburg, July 2, 1863. William H. Smith, of Exeter. Died of wounds, July 7, 1864 George T. Carter, of Concord. Promoted to Major, Nov. 1, 1865. First Lieuts. Charles W. Walker, of Concord. Killed on cars en route to Washington, June 31, 1861. Abiel W. Colby, of Concord. Promoted to Captain, Nov. 1, 1861. George W. Boyden, of Concord. Resigned May 20, 1862. William W. Ballard, of Boscawen. Killed at Gettysburg, July 2, 1863. George M. Shute, of Concord. Mustered out June 21, 1864. Frank W. Morgan, of Hopkinton. Promoted to Captain, April 1, 1865. Lewis Wood, of Somersworth. Mustered out Dec. 19, 1865. Second Lieuts. Abiel W. Colby, of Concord. Promoted to First Lieut. July 1, 1861. Charles Holmes, of Hopkinton. Promoted to Captain 17th U. S. Infantry, Nov. 11, 1861. William W. Ballard, of Boscawen. Promoted to First Lieut. July 11, 1862. John D. Cooper, of Concord. Promoted to First Lieut. Aug. 1, 1862. George M. Shute, of Concord, Severely wounded at Gettysburg, July 2, 1863. Promoted to First Lieut. July 3, 1863. Rufus L. Bean, of Portsmouth. Transferred to Company G. Thomas Lees, of Durham. Mustered out June 21, 1864. Benjamin F. Peters. Promoted to First Lieut. Aug. 24, 1865. James Harvey, of New Hampton. Mustered out Dec. 19, 1865. SECOND REGIMENT. 109 Co. C. Captains John W. Carr, of Manchester. Promoted to Major, Oct. 23, 1862. John F. Ho 1 man, of Somersworth. Resigned June 18, 1863. George "W, Roberts, of Dover. Killed at Gettysburg, July 2, 1863. Hugh R. Richardson, of Lancaster. Mustered out June 21, 1864. Edward D. Bean, cf Biddeford, Me. Mustered out Dec. 19, 1865. First Lieuts. James H. Platt, of Manchester. Promoted to Captain, Aug. 10, 1862. George "W. Roberts, of Dover. Promoted to Captain, June 18, 1863. James H. Baker, of Farrnington. Transferred to Company F. Silas L. Hay ward, of Fitzwilliam. Transferred to Company A. Frank C. Wasley, of Manchester. Severely wounded at Gettysburg, July 2, 1863. Mustered out June 21, 1864. Edward D. Bean, of Biddeford, Me. -Promoted to Captain, Nov. 2, 1864. Milan D. Spaulding, of Keene. Honorably discharged, May 11, 1865. Frank H. Hervey, of Exeter. Not mustered. Mustered out June 12, 1865. James A. Sanborn, of Portsmouth. Declined, Aug. 4, 1865. Samuel F. Patterson, of Concord. Mustered out, Dec. 19, 1865. Second Lieuts. S. 0. Burnham, of Pembroke. Promoted to Captain, Aug. 25, 1862. Frank C. Wasley, of Manchester. Pramoted to First Lieut. June 18, 1863. "William C. Montgomery, of Hopkinton. Transferred to Company H. Joseph H. Wilkinson. Mustered out, June 21, 1864. James A. Hutton, of Portsmouth. Mustered out, Dec. 19, 1865. Co. D. Captains Hiram Rollins, of Dover. Transferred to Company K, Aug. 1, 1861. Samuel P. Sayles, of Dover. Promoted to Major, April 18, 1863. 110 THE GREAT REBELLION. George E. Sides, of Portsmouth. Transferred to Company K. Albert M. Perkins, of Exeter. Severely wounded at Gettysburg, July 2, 1863. Mustered out June 21, 1804. Edgar B. LeGro, of Somersworth. Mustered out Dec. 19, 1865. First Lieuts. Samuel P. Sayles, of Dover. Promoted to Captain Aug. 1, 1861 Warren H. Parmenter, of Dover. Resigned July 8, 1862. George W. Gordon, of Allenstown. Promoted to Captain Sept. 1, 1862. Henry Hayward, of Dover. Promoted to Captain May 25, 1864. David M. Perkins, of Manchester. Mustered out June 21, 1864* George W. Nixon, of Pembroke. Dismissed Jan. 7, 1865. Edward Richardson, of Kelson. Honorably discharged May 11, 1865. Charles E. Jones, of Milton. Mustered out Dec. 19, 1865. Second Lieuts. W. H. Parmenter, of Dover. Promoted to First Lieut. Aug. 1, 1861. George "W. Roberts, of Dover. Promoted to First Lieut. Aug. 10, 1862. Charles H. Shute, of Concord. Promoted to First Lieut. April 18, 1863. Enoch G. Adams, of Durham. Promoted to Captain U. S. Vols. April 30, 1864. James E. Saunders, of Peterborough. Promoted to First Lieut. Jnne 24, 1864. Edwin Haines, of Lancaster County, Pa. Musteaed out Dec." 19, 1865 Co. E. Captains Leonard Drown, of Ffsherville. Killed at Williamsburg, May 5, 1862. William H. Smith, of Exeter. Transferred to Company B. James H. Platt, of Manchester. Killed May 16, 1864. Henry Hayward, of Dover. Killed at Cold Harbor, June 3, 1864. James E. Saunders, of Peterborough. Honorably discharged May 30, 1864. SECOND REGIMENT. Ill Daniel W. Bohonon. Mustered out Dec. 19, 1865. First Lieuts. William H. Smith, of Exeter. Promoted to Captain Aug. 1, 1862. Isaac E". Vesper, of Fisherville. Resigned May 6> 1863. Jacob Hall, of Barrington. Severely wounded at Gettysburg July 2, 1863. Mustered out June 21, 1864. Charles McGlaughlin, of Manchester. Honorably discharged May 17, 1865. Charles H. Streeter, of Portsmouth. Honorably discharged Aug. 16, 1865. Benjamin F. Peters. Mustered out Dec. 19, 1865. Second Lieuts. Ai B. Thompson, of Concord. Promoted to Captain U. S. Army Aug. 7, 1861. Albert M. Perkins, of Exeter. Promoted to Adjutant Sept. 1, 1862 "William H. Colcord, of Exeter. Promoted to First Lieut July 2, 1863 John W. Lord, of Somersworth. Wounded at Gettysburg, July 2, 1863. Mustered out June 21, 1864. James H. Andrews, of Portsmouth. Honorably discharged Oct. 20, 1865 Charles W. Dimond, of Coutoocook. Mustered out Dec. 19, 1865. Co. F. Captains Thomas Snow, of Somersworth. Resigned Aug. 12, 1862 Henry M. Metcalf, of Keene. Killed at Gettysburg July 2, 1863 David Steele, of Antrim. Transferred to Company G Harrison D. F. Young, of Lancaster. Mustered out June 21, 1864. Frank W. Morgan, of Hopkinton. Mustered out Dec. 19, 1865. .First Lieuts. J. F. Littlefield, of Somersworth. Promoted to Captain Aug. 1, 1861 Henry M. Metcalf, of Keene. Promoted to Captain Aug. 13, 1862. Hugh R. Richardson, of Lancaster. Severely wounded at Gettysburg, July 2, 1863. Promoted to Captain July 4. 1863. 112 THE GREAT REBELLION. Alvin S. Wiggin, of Manchester. Transferred to Company I. James H. Baker, of Farmington. Mustered out June 21, 1864. Henry A. Flint, of Farmington. Cashiered Feb. 4, 1865. Oilman T. Gould, of Peterborough. Mustered out Dec. 19, 1865. Second Lieuts. H. D. F. Young, of Lancaster. Promoted to First Lieut. July 11, 1862. Norton E. Moore, of Goffstown. Died Aug. 29, 1862. James H. Baker, of Farmington. Promoted to First Lieut. June 18, 1863. Alvin S. Wiggin, of Manchester. Promoted to First Lieut. July 4, 1863. James H. Swain. Wounded May 9, 1864. Mustered out June 21, 1864. Joseph Lemmons, of Manchester. Mustered out Dec. 19, 1865. Co. G. Captains Ephraim "Weston, of Hancock. Died Dec. 9, 1861. Evarts W. Farr, of Littleton. Resigned Sept. 4, 1862. James H. Platt, of Manchester. Transferred to Company E. David Steele, of Antrim. Mustered out June 21, 1864. George F. Holbrook. Mustered out Dec. 19, 1865. First Lieuts. Evarts "W. Farr, of Littleton. Promoted to Captain Jan. 1, 1862. Sylvester Rogers, of Nashua. Killed at Bull Run, Aug. 29, 1862. David Steele, of Antrim. Severely wounded at Gettysburg, July 2, 1863. Promoted to Captain July 3,1863. George M. Shute, of Concord. Transferred to Company B. Hiram K Ladd, of Haverhill. Mustered out June 21, 1864. James E. Saunders, of Peterborough. Promoted to Captain July 10, 1864. SECOND REGIMENT. 113 Charles A. Locke, of London. Honorably discharged May 11, 1865. James "W". Felt, of Winchester. Mustered out Dec. 19, 1866. Second Lieuts. Sylvester Rogers, of Nashua. Promoted to First Lieut. Jan. 1, 1862. David Steele, of Antrim. Promoted to First Lieut. Aug. 1, 1862. Edmund Dascomb, of Greenfield. Died of wounds July 13, 1863. John McDonald, of Portsmouth, Transferred to Company K. Rufus L. Bean, of Portsmouth. Dismissed May 7, 1864. John E. Hart-well, of Chester. Promoted to First Lieut. Sept. 20, 1865. Freeman F. Sanborn, of Portsmouth. Promoted to First Lieut. Nov. 1, 1865. Co. H. Captains Ichabod Pearl, of Great Falls. Resigned Aug. 12, 1861. Joshua F. Littlefield, of Somersworth. Transferred to Company B, May 23, 1862. Joab N. Patterson, of Hopkinton. Severely wounded at Gettysburg, July 3, 1863. Promoted to Lieut. Colonel June 21, 1864. Albert J. Hanson, of Great Falls. Mustered out Dec. 19, 1865. First Lieuts. Joab N. Patterson, of Hopkinton. Promoted to Captain May 23, 1862. Harrison D. F. Young, of Lancaster. Promoted to Captain Aug. 20, 1862. John D. Cooper, of Concord. Promoted to Adjutant June 18, 1863. Andrew G. Bracy, of Somersworth. Mustered out June 21, 1864. Albert J. Hanson, of Great Falls. Promoted to Captain, Nov. 3, 1864. Edward Clark, of Hooksett. Promoted to Captain, July 11, 1865. Henry C. Tyler, of Portsmouth. Not mustered. Mustered out Dec. 19, 1865. Second Lieuts. "Wm. H. Prescott, of Concord. Promoted to Captain U. S. Army, Aug. 7, 1861. John F. Hoi man, of Somersworth. Promoted to First Lieut. Sept. 2, 1862, 114 THE ORE AT REBELLION. Andrew G. Bracy, of Somersworth. Promoted to.Captain, June 18, 1863. William Montgomery, of Hopkinton. Mustered out June 21, 1864. James Thompson, of Portsmouth. Not mustered. Died at Warsaw, Va., Nov. 10, 1865. George C. Stephens, of Jaffrey. Not mustered. Mustered out Dec. 19, 1865. Co. I. Captains Edward L. Bailey, of Manchester. Promoted to Major, July 26, 1862. Joseph A. Hubbard, of Manchester. Transferred to Tompany B, Oct. 12, 1862. George ~W. Gordon, of Allenstown. Slightly wounded at Gettysburg, July 2, 1863. Killed at Cold Harbor, June 3, 1864. Thomas E. Marshall, of Mason. Mustered out Dec. 19, 1865. First Lieuts. J. A. Hubbard, of Manchester. Promoted to Captain, July 26, 1862 Oscar A. Moar, of Manchester. Died of disease, July 31, 1863. Hiram K. Ladd, of Have rh ill. Transferred to Company G. Alvin S. Wiggin, of Manchester. Mustered out June 21, 1864 Thomas E. Marshall, of Mason. Promoted to Captain, April 27, 1865. Robert C. Sides, of Portsmouth. Promoted to Adjutant, Nov. 1, 1865. Freeman F. Sanborn, of Portsmouth. Not mustered. Mustered out Dec. 19, 1865. Second Lieuts. J. A. Hubbard, of Manchester. Promoted to First Lieut. July 29, 1861. George W. Gordon, of Allenstown. Promoted to Captain, Sept. 1, 1862 Charles Yickery, of Manchester. Taken prisoner at Gettysburg, July 2, 1863. Died of wounds July 10, 1863. Eobert L. Miller. Transferred to Company A. David M. Perkins, of Manchester. Promoted to First Lieut. May 25, 1864. George T. Carter, of Concord. Promoted to Captain, June 24, 1864. SECOND REGIMENT. 115 / Richard W. Robinson, of Concord. Not mustered. Mustered out Dec. 19, 1865. Co. K. Captains "William 0. Sides, of Portsmouth. Resigned July, 1861. Hiram Rollins, of Dover. Severely -wounded at Bull Run, July 21, 1861. Honorably discharged on account of wounds, Oct. 14, 1862. Samuel 0. Burnham, of Pembroke. Transferred to Invalid Corps, Sept., 1863. Albert M. Perkins, of Exeter. Transferred to Campany D. George E. Sides, of Portsmouth. Slightly wounded at Gettysburg, July 2, 1863. Mustered out Tune 21, 1864. James I. Locke, of Portsmouth. Mustered out Dec. 19, 1865. First Lieuts. J. S. Godfrey, of Hampton Falls. Appointed Quartermaster, June 4, 1861. Edwin R. Goodrich. Promoted to Commissary of Subsistence, T T . S. Vols. Sept., 1861. John S. Sides, of Portsmouth. Resigned Jan. 7, 1863. George E. Sides, of Portsmouth. Promoted to Captain, April 18, 1863. Charles H. Shute, of Concord. Transferred to Company D, April 18, 1863. "William IT. Colcord, of Exeter. Wounded at Cold Harbor, June 5, 1864. Mustered out June 21, 1864. James I. Locke, of Portsmouth. Promoted to Captain, April, 1, 1865. Alexander Erazer, of Bow. Mustered out Dec. 19, 1865. Second Lieuts. James S. Sides, of Portsmouth. Promoted to First Lieut. Aug. 1, 1861. George E. Sides, of Portsmouth. Promoted to First Lieut. Aug. 1, 1862. Charles 1S T . Patch, of Portsmouth. Wounded at Gettysburg, July 2, 1863. Died of wounds July 10, 1863. John S. McDonald, of Portsmouth. Mustered out June 21, 1864. George H. Coleman, of Piermont. Mustered out Deo. 19, 1865. 116 THE GREAT REBELLION. GENERAL GILMAN MARSTON. Gen. Gilman Mars ton is a native of Orford, and the son of a farmer. He comes of fighting stock ; of his ancestors more than one took the field, during the early hostilities of the province, and his grand-father, one of the first settlers of Orford, served with much credit as a captain, in the old French war. His boyhood was passed upon his father s farm, where he formed a practical acquaintance with all the operations of husbandry, and a taste for agricultural pursuits, which has never left him. But he had a strong desire for a collegiate education, and with true New England independence, determined that he would ac quire it, without imposing any burden upon his father. By employing his winters in school-teaching, he suc ceeded in his purpose, and graduated at Dartmouth College in 1837. The next year and a half he was in charge of an academy in Indianapolis, Ind., and then pursued the study of the law in the office of Judge Wil- cox, in Orford, at the Dane Law School, at Cambridge, and finally in the office of Messrs. Hubbard and Watts, in Boston. In 1841 Mr. Marston was admitted to the bar, and at once opened an office in Exeter, where he has since resided. Going there without acquaintance or capi tal, it required no small degree ojf courage and reso lution to strive for a position in a bar which numbered among its members such men as Levi Woodbury, Icha- bod Bartlett, James Bell and Daniel M. Christie. To add to the difficulties which Mr. Marston had to en counter, he was soon attacked by a serious illness, which endangered his life, and disabled him for business, for a considerable time. But his resolution never failed him, and in spite of all discouragements, he steadily made his way in the confidence of the community. SECOND REGIMENT. 117 Untiring in his attention to his professional duties, and entering with his whole heart into the cause of his clients, in very little time he made himself known throughout his county as a lawyer of energy and ability, and business flowed in upon him in abundance. It was not long before he was called upon to make his appearance in political life. In 1845 he was elected a Representative to the State Legislature, and acquitted himself so much to the satisfaction of his constituents that he was re-elected in each of the two succeeding years, and in 1850 was chosen a member of the Consti tutional Convention. In 1859 he was elected a Representative in the Con gress of the United States. In accepting the office he relinquished a professional practice among the largest and most lucrative in the State, and devoted his whole time and energies to the duties of his position. He made himself familiar with every subject on which he was called upon to act, and did what he thought to be right, without regard to the consequences to himself. Among those who knew him best he sustained the character of an able, fearless and upright legislator. He was re-elected to Congress in 1861; but he had long foreseen the crisis which was approaching, and had resolved upon the course which his patriotic feel ings dictated. During the trying period which occurred between the inauguration of President Lincoln and the arrival of troops, Mr. Marston was in Washington, and with other loyal and gallant men, enrolled himself in the battalion commanded by Cassius M. Clay, for the protection of the President and the defense of the capi tal. As soon as "Washington was rendered secure, he returned to New Hampshire and tendered his services to the Executive of the State. The First New Hampshire Regiment had been re cruited for three months only ; and it was determined 118 THE GREAT REBELLION. to enlist the Second for three years; nd to the com mand of this choice, and soon to be distinguished, body of men, Mr. Marston was at once appointed. He im mediately entered upon the duty of organizing it for the field, and on the 20th of June, 1861, he had the satis faction of conducting it, with full ranks, to Washington. One month later Col. Marston led his gallant command into the battle of Bull Run. In the hottest of the fight he was wounded by a musket ball, which shattered the bone of the right arm, near the shoulder. Retiring to the rear just long enough to have the fractured limb hastily bound up, he remounted his horse, which being led by an orderly, he returned at once to his regiment. "When the retreat took place, he was conveyed to Wash ington, in a state of great exhaustion arid suffering, in an army wagon. Here the surgeons, after consultation, informed the Colonel, that to save his life, his arm must be amputated at the shoulder. He replied that he would never permit it; he believed the arm could be saved, and he would live or die, unmutilated. His firmness was most fortunate, for though the climate of Washington was prostrating, yet when he returned to breathe his native air, his improvement was rapid, and in little more than two months he was able to rejoin his regiment, with the wounded arm promising to be nearly as serviceable as ever. The time of his convalescence he improved with characteristic diligence, by making himself familiar with military tactics, and the duties of his position. From this time till the Spring of 1863, the history of Col. Marston is identified with that of his regiment. During the whole period he was with his men, leading them in every engagement, and sharing their toils and hardships. In the trenches, at Yorktown ; at the ex treme front, under Hooker, at Williamsburg ; amid the miseries of Fair Oaks; during the terrific battles be- SECOND REGIMENT. 119 fore Richmond; at the overwhelming repulse of the enemy at Malvern Hill ; in the second Bull Run cam paign, where the regiment met and routed successive lines of the enemy with the bayonet ; and at the attack on Fredericksburg under Burnside, Col. Marston, with his brave command, won unfading laurels. "Within this period, he was again seriously wounded, by the accidental discharge of a pistol, in the hands of a lad in an adjoining tent. In the various events of these campaigns, Col. Marston endeared himself to his men by his care for their welfare and comfort, by his exact justice, and above all by requiring from them no service that he was not ready to bear his part in per forming. During the "Winter of 1862-63, while the active opera tions of the Army of the Potomac were suspended, he resumed his seat in Congress, where his presence was deemed of importance, and remained there during the residue of his term. In the Autumn of 1862 he had received the appoint ment of Brigadier General, but had preferred to retain simply the command of his regiment, with which he desired to remain so long as its organization continued ; but in April, 1863, he was induced to accept the higher commission, on being placed in charge of the district of St. Mary s, a post of importance, embracing an ex tensive camp of confederate prisoners, and being directly under the command of the Secretary of War. His force consisted of the Second, Fifth and Twelfth New Hamp shire regiments, a regiment of colored troops, one full battery of artillery, and two companies of United States cavalry, to which were added two or more gunboats. The prisoners confined at Point Lookout, at which Gen. Marston s head-quarters were established, num bered at times as many as ten thousand. The duty of guarding a post so near the enemy s 120 THE GREAT REBELLION. lines, and holding out so strong inducements for an attack, was an arduous and responsible one, and after an- experience of nearly a year, Gen. Marston was not reluctant to exchange it for a command in the field. In April, 1864, he was assigned to the Eighteenth Corps, then in the Army of the James; his brigade consisting of the 81st, 92d, 96th and 139th New York regiments. Early in May they were placed by an un expected movement up the James, at Bermuda Hun dred. In the affair at Kingsland Creek which soon followed, Gen. Marston s command were sharply en gaged ; and subsequently he participated in the attack at Drury s Bluif, having the command of his brigade in conjunction with some other troops. The Eighteenth Corps, after retiring from Drury s Bluif, were ordered to Cold Harbor, where Gen. Marston with his command bore their full share in the series of struggles to dislodge the enemy from their almost im pregnable position. In one attack, the General s brig ade lost in killed and wounded, within the space of half an hour, no less than five hundred men. Gen. Grant having resolved on a flanking movement sent forward the Eighteenth Corps by water, and on their arrival before Petersburg they carried the enemy s works in front by assault, in which Gen. Marston with his command took part. He was soon afterwards placed by Gen. Grant in charge of a considerable force stationed at various points along the* James, a position requiring great vigilance and discretion ; and remained their until the following October, when he was assigned to the com mand of a division, in the forces under Gen. Butler. Here Gen. Marston was attacked with chills and fever, the result of long continued exposure during some movements in the swampy region near Richmond, and was obliged to quit the army on sick leave. SECOND REGIMENT. 121 On his arrival in Washington he received intelligence that he had again been tendered the nomination for Congress, and at the following March election he was chosen for his third term. Upon the fall of Richmond and the cessation of hostilities, a month after, he re signed* his commission in the army. Gen. Marston served through his congressional term, with his accustomed fidelity, and then returned home to Exeter, where he now resides, engaged in the active practice of his profession. GENERAL J. N. PATTERSON. Glen. Patterson was born at Hopkinton, January 2d, 1835. He fitted for college at ISTew Hampton, entered Dartmouth College in 1856, and graduated in 1860 paying his own way by teaching school winters. He was about to commence the study of a profession w T hen the war broke out. Feeling that he had a duty to his country to perform, he enlisted as a private on the 22d of April, 1861, was appointed a recruiting officer, opened an office at Contoocookville, enlisted a company of seventy-two men, for three months service, and took them to Portsmouth on the 27th of May, where most of the men re-enlisted for three years. He was com missioned First Lieutenant of Company H, on the 4th of June, and promoted to Captain of the same Company on the 23d of May, 1862. He served continually with his regiment through the seven days fight before Rich mond, and was never absent from his command on a march, in a skirmish or battle during the four and a half years that his regiment served. He was in twenty- four engagements, battles and skirmishes, from the first Bull Run to the taking of Richmond, April 3d, 1865. After the battle of Gettysburg the Second Regiment was sent to Point Lookout, Md., where it remained un- 122 THE GREAT REBELLION. til April, 1864, guarding the depot of rebel prisoners. Capt. Patterson was appointed Provosf Marshal for the district of St. Mary s, and placed in charge of all the prisoners, by Gen. Marston. He was appointed acting Major of the regiment on its arrival at Yorktown Major Sayles being absent, wounded. After the battle of Drury s Bluff the regiment went to Cold Harbor with the Eighteenth Army Corps, and was engaged in that battle. The three years for which the men en listed had now expired, and those who did not re-enlist, with all the commissioned officers, returned to New Hampshire to be discharged. Patterson remained in charge of the veterans and recruits, about three hun dred in all. On the recommendation of Gen. Gilman Marston, commanding the Brigade, and Major Gen. W. F. Smith, commanding the Eighteenth Corps, Capt. Patterson was appointed Lieut. Colonel, June 21st, 1864. He was commissioned Colonel of the Second Regiment Jan. 10th, 1865, but there not being the requisite number of men he could not be mustered until June, 1865, when about three hundred men from the Tenth, Twelfth and Thirteenth Regiments were joined with those of the Second, making it up to one thousand s-trong. At this time many regiments were mustered out, and the three brigades in the Second Division were consoli dated into two, and one of them placed in command of Col. Patterson, by order of Gen. Devens, commanding the Division. On the 10th of July, 1865, the Second Regiment was ordered to Fredericksburg, Va., and Col. Patterson was assigned to the command of the sub-district of the Northern Neck, with headquarters at Warsaw. Here he remained until December, when he was ordered with his regiment to City Point, to be mustered out of the service. In September, 1864, he was temporarily SECOND REGIMENT. 123 in command of the Third Brigade, Second Division, Eighteenth Army Corps, and commanded it in the action of Williamsburg Road, Oct. 27, 1864, Col. Pat terson was appointed Brevet Brig. General, to date from March 13, 1865, for " bravery in battle and good conduct throughout the war," and most worthily was the rank bestowed. Gen. Patterson was mustered out with the Second Regiment, Dec. 19, 1865, having served four and a half years ; returned to New Hampshire ; settled at Con cord; married Miss Sarah C., daughter of Rev. Dr. N. Bouton, of that city, in March, 1867, by whom he has one son ; was appointed United States Marshal for the District of IsTew Hampshire, which office he now holds, and discharges his duties, as he did all in the army, most creditably. COLONEL EDWARD L. BAILEY. Col. Bailey, of Manchester, was commissioned Cap tain of Co. I, Second Regiment, June 4, 1861, which position he filled to the acceptance of men under and officers over him, until the 26th of July, 1862, when he was promoted to Major. On the 23d of October of the same year he was promoted to Lieut. Colonel, and on the 18th of April, 1863, to Colonel of the Regiment. He was slightly wounded at the battle of Gettysburg, July 2, 1863. He returned to New Hampshire with the Regiment at the expiration of its term of enlistment, and was mustered out of service June 29, 1864. Col. Bailey was in command of the Regiment during the battle of Gettysburg, and Brigadier General Graham, under whose eye it fought, conferred a well merited compliment upon its commander for the cool, gallant and efficient manner in which he handled and fought his regiment on that most trying occasion. 124 THE GREAT REBELLION. MISS HARRIET P. DAME. No history of the Second New Hampshire Regiment would be complete without it contained more than a passing notice of Miss Harriet P. Dame, of Concord. She offered her services before the regiment left the State, and though not quite ready to go to "Washing ton when they did, she soon joined them there, and was ever afterwards regarded as one of its most brave, patriotic, honored and beloved members. A lady writes the author asking that Miss Dame may be suitably men tioned here, and says : " She stepped forth, moved with a great purpose, and offered her life for her country. Such true heroism is unparalleled and unprecedented in the history of any country. She was more than the 4 Florence Nightingale of America, because she had not the secure protection of hospital, but stood with our soldiers beneath the rain and fire of bullets, un daunted. She knew no fear, and thought not for a moment of her personal safety, for God had called her, and she felt that His divine protection was over all." Words are too poor and a few pages too circumscribed to do her anything like justice. Her good deeds are en shrined in the memory and hearts of thousands who, but for her timely and tender care, would be numbered with other thousands who, for want of it, died upon the field of battle from wounds, and in hospital from disease in cident to the exposures and hardships of war. Rev. J. W. Adams, Chaplain of the Second from De cember, 163, furnishes the following beautiful tribute to Miss Dame : My personal acquaintance with Miss Dame com menced in the winter of 1863, when I received my commission, and joined the renowned " Old Second," at Point Lookout, Md. Even then her praise was in all the New England Regiments. Many who had unex- SECOND REGIMENT. 125 pectedly recovered from sickness and wounds, had arisen from the sufferer s cot to call her blessed. The exploits of heroic men were not related with more enthusiasm, nor with half the satisfaction with which her deeds of sympathy were rehearsed. Her name could hardly be mentioned in a New Hampshire regiment without calling forth the response, " I owe my life to Miss Dame." . Though nominally connected with my regiment, our boys were not permitted the entire monopoly of her fame. All the Granite State regiments in the armies of the Potomac and James spoke her name and referred to her acts with equal pride. I have heard them tell how she toiled day after day on the bloody field of Gettysburg, sometimes, dur ing the battle, between the lines, and once a prisoner in the hands of the enemy, still absorbed and self-for getful, devoting herself to the relief of our wounded men. And when the darkness of night, and the ex haustion of her energies made rest imperative, she would pillow her head upon the gory field, and sleep amid the dead and wounded scattered around her. During the winter of 1863 she had charge of the New Hampshire Soldiers Relief Rooms in Washington, from which she frequently went forth on tours of inspection, that she might the more judiciously distribute the sub stantial aid and comfort directed to this channel, from the good people at home. When the Army of the James was organized for the campaign of 1864, she arranged to leave her charge in Washington, and follow its destinies. She was a better general than McClellan, for she always managed to have a good stock of supplies, and was ready to move at a moment s notice. She also had the rare faculty of ar ranging the forces under her charge, and of leading off in the execution of her own plans. She was an inces sant worker herself and kept every body around her at 126 THE GREAT REBELLION. work. If she were to frame a ritual, she.would be quite sure to have in it something like this : " From empty titles and hollow pretensions, Good Lord deliver us. From kid-gloved nurses who stand by the bedside of human suffering, merely simpering, my good fellow I pity you, Good Lord deliver us." During the sanguinary conflict at Cold Harbor, she established herself at White House, rendering great ser vice to our soldiers, who suffered severely. It was here that Capt. Smith died, and here too, a few days after the original volunteers of the Second embarked for home to be mustered out, leaving the re-enlisted veterans and recruits to add new luster to the fame already achieved by this noble regiment. Miss Dame remained with us, caring for our sick and wounded, until we all swung around in front of Petersburg. In the Eighteenth Army Corps field hospital, at Broadway Landing, she could be seen to advantage one moment distributing garments, comfort-bags, cor dials, &c., from her private tent, at another moving under the large cooking tent, surrounded with delicate and substantial articles of diet, and the large kettles steaming with wholesome and palatable food in a state of preparation. This tent was her throne; but she did not sit upon it. From this place she issued her orders, dispatched her messengers, and distributed luxuries to thousands. Here she not only ruled with system, but with sleeves rolled up, toiled harder than any of her assistants. In visiting my sick men in the hospital, and in pro curing such articles of comfort as were necessary to keep the partially indisposed from following them, I had occasion to call on Miss Dame quite frequently. Her first inquiries would generally be " Well Chap lain, how are the boys at the front? Are any of them sick ? When are they going to get their pay ? Is there SECOND REGIMENT. 127 anything I can send them that will do them good ?" Many a can of condensed milk, beef tea, preserved fruit, with Jamaica ginger, blackberry syrup, farina, corn starch, and under garments for those who had none to change, stockings, mittens &c., &c., have I re ceived from her to distribute among the feeble ones who did not wish to leave the front, and who had not seen the paymaster for six or eight months. She un derstood the importance of having the soldier keep up his correspondence with home ; and the destitute never lacked for a postage stamp to forward his missive, if she could supply it. After having compassed the rebel capital on all sides during her three years of active service on the field, and in the hospital, it was her privilege to join our regiment soon after it entered the city of Richmond. And right well she enjoyed it, for a more patriotic heart than her s never beat. But even now, and here, her minis trations were needed, and were cheerfully offered. When the excitement of war had passed away and no longer quickened the pulse or braced the nerve, many of our men found themselves victims of chronic diseases and broken-down constitutions. Many a soldier who had for three years looked wistfully toward home, and now confidently expected to reach it in a few weeks, or months at most, must lie down upon the bed of sick ness, and turn his face the other way to follow the beck of Death, who was still busily engaged in opening graves in the distant South. From her headquarters at our regiment, she visited our own men, and those of other regiments, cheering the sick and desponding by her presence, and alleviating distress by skillful nursing, and substantial benefactions. On the 10th of July, 1865, our regiment was sent by cars to Fredericksburg. Miss Dame accompanied us. Ow- ng to the destruction of the track, we were left as night 128 THE ORE AT REBELLION. came on, two miles below the city. The sick men occu pied one freight car, Surgeon Stone and myself another, and Miss Dame, among piles of baggage, made her home in the third. .But she seemed to think she was highly favored to have a rude freight car so much to herself, and was only anxious to make the sick ones as comfort able as possible. One man she sent to the nearest farm house for milk and other things that were needed, and others in other directions, so that the hospital was soon in tolerable running order. From Fredericksburg she went to Washington ; and soon returned with fresh sup plies, to resume her duties. On the 27th of July, after the headquarters of the regiment had been moved to Warsaw Court House, she took the steamer for that place, where in a few weeks she finished the prosecution of her mission in person. The question is sometimes asked, " Was there not something indelicate in such familiar association with society composed entirely of men ? And did she not subject herself to insult from the rude soldiery ? " It is wholly gratuitous to say that the military authorities would have shielded her. She had no need of this. Her devoted spirit, discreet bearing, and holy mission, were all the protection she needed. A mother could be no safer with her children, nor a sister safer with her brothers, than was Miss Dame among the New Hamp shire soldiers. If we may suppose that one could be so thoughtless, as by word or deed to offend, a single word from her would have put every sword and bayo net of the command between her and the offender ; and diminish his chances of life, by as many times as there were men in the command. Two or three times during the war, her tent, with most of her personal effects, was destroyed by fire, by which, and in other ways, she sustained a loss of hund reds of dollars. SECOND REGIMENT. 129 Of hardships, dangers, and losses, she never com plained. But she was always ready to complain for the needy, and of those who were recreant, as the agents of other s charities. The State has given but a faint expression of its obli gations to this most practical and efficient of all its he roic female representatives in the War of the Rebellion. She deserves a monument, but does not need one. Her noble deeds are engraved upon the memories of thousands, whose children and children s children will rehearse them as among the most beautiful that adorn the annals of our military history. The Second Regiment left Portsmouth by cars on the morning of the 20th of June, 1861. and arrived in Boston about twelve o clock, where they were received at the Eastern Railroad station by an association of the Sons of New Hampshire, to the number of about four teen hundred, headed by the Boston Cadets, and accom panied by Gilmore s Band, all under the marhalship of Col. 0. A. Brewster, formerly of Hanover. The pro cession marched through Blackstone, Commercial, State, Court, Treinont and Winter streets to Music Ilau, where a sumptuous collation was spread. The streets all along the route were crowded with spectators, who cheered the troops at every step. Haymarket Square was a literal sea of heads. Music Hall was very appropriately and tastefully dec orated. The galleries were occupied by the Sons of New Hampshire and the floor by the troops, and every seat in the hall was filled. Vociferous cheers were given as the different parties, Governor Berry and suite, and Ex-Governor Goodwin of New Hampshire, Governor Andrew, of Massachusetts, the Cadets, and the soldiers, arrived in the hall. The Marshal called the company to order, and after a blessing was invoked 130 THE GREAT REBELLION. by Eev. Dr. Quint, then of Jamaica Plains, the eating commenced, at the conclusion of which Hon. Marshall P. Wilder, a native of Kludge, was introduced as the representative of the Sons of New Hampshire. He bade the regiment a hearty welcome. He reminded them of the revolutionary renown of their State, and of their patriotic Governor, John Xangdon, who pledged his last cent for the good of the country. He said that war was a terrible crime ; but that an attack upon the integrity of the Union more than justified it. The Stars and Stripes must be respected south as well as north of Mason and Dixon s line, and concluded by eloquently reminding Col. Marstou of the importance of his trust. Col. ^Marston responded, and said in substance that he could not find words to express his emotions of grat itude at the cordiality of the reception tendered hia regi ment. The scenes of this day will nerve our hearts to do all that man can do for the honor of New Hampshire, God bless her. We have not left our happy and peace ful homes for a war of conquest or oppression of any body. We have taken up arms to preserve the freest and best government against the most causeless rebel lion ever conceived. And we will do it ! Wheiv this war commenced, some doubt was expressed whether the people of the free states, having always been en gaged in the pursuits of peace, would be able to defend the Union ; but the uprising of the whole North had settled that point. Massachusetts had been the first in the contest, as she was in the revolution. Many a tear ful eye witnessed the march of the gallant Sixth of this State, in Washington, through Penns} 7 lvania Avenue, hungry and fatigued, after the scenes in Baltimore, but as gallant and unsubdued a set of men as ever upheld the honor of any country. He said the Second New Hampshire Regiment was not composed of military SECOND REGIMENT. 131 men, but civilians, yet, if they were given work to do, he would answer for them, in the language of Colonel Miller, "We ll try, sir." Col. Marston was frequently interrupted during his remarks by the most enthusiastic cheers. The regiment left Music Hall about half-past two, and marched to the Parade Ground upon the Common, where they were reviewed by Gov. Andrew and Staff, Gov. Berry, and Ex-Gov. Goodwin. The marching was admirable, better than that of any regiment that had left Boston for the seat of war, and was loudly ap plauded. The review concluded, the regiment marched to the Fall River Railroad station, where they embarked on board the cars for New York. The train consisted of twenty-two cars, drawn by two heavy locomotives. At Fall River the regiment was transferred from cars to steamboats, and arrived at New York about eleven o clock, A. M., on the 21st. They were warmly wel comed by the Sons of New Hampshire in that city, each of whom wore an appropriate badge. II. B. Perkins delivered an eloquent welcoming speech, as follows : SONS OF NEW HAMPSHIRE: A few weeks since the Sons of New Hampshire resident in this city, received with distinguished honors, the First New Hampshire Regiment, and to-day they are proud to recognize you as the worthy recipients of a like demonstration. In the name then, and in behalf of the Sons of New Hamp shire, and of great and loyal New York, we bid you a most cordial welcome. It has been very truly said, that there have been men of a spirit so noble that, in serving their country, they had in view no motives of a selfish character, beyond, indeed, the satisfaction of having done so ; and the time is not far distant, when all right thinking men will gladly recognize the 132 THE ORE AT REBELLION. brave soldiers who are now so heroically defending the honor of our country s flag, as belonging to their class of men ; and when the Davises and the Beauregards of the South, shall be remembered as only they may be, whose names are written but in sand, and when the braves of the Crimea and the heroes of the Indies shall live only in brass and marble, the names of Scott, of Ellsworth, and of Butler, will be inscribed on our broad prairies- -will be murmured in every brook will be mirrored in every lake and will be written in every valley and on every mountain peak, throughout the length and breath of our land. Soldiers, yours is not an avenging, a devastating mis sion. You go forth to build up and to maintain our beloved Union to preserve our nationality, and to save a bold, a reckless, and now a wretched, a piratical and rebellious people from a fate worse, I may almost say, than that of the fabled Ixion, who, for the murder of his own sister, was doomed to be perpetually spun upon a wheel, amid hissing serpents, and the burning lava- tide of hell. Soldiers of New Hampshire ! We, who were born and nurtured amid the same granite hills to which you have just bidden adieu we whose kindred and friends are pillowed on her rocky bosom we are proud of you to-day, and feel that the spirit of Stark and Langdon still lives and animates your bosoms. Onward ! on ward ! then, shall be our motto, as we know it is yours ; onward, until the demon of treason and disunion is crushed from our land (cheers), and Yankee Doodle and the Star Spangled Banner shall again thrill the hearts of a patriotic, a united, an invincible people. (Cheers.) Charles Soule followed Mr. Perkins in a brief but eloquent speech, and presented an elegant silk flag SECOND REGIMENT. 133 the same under which the regiment fought many of its hardest battles. It is now deposited in the rotunda of the State House, Concord, riddled with rebel bullets and missiles so that it would be difficult to recognize it as the same beautiful ensign which they received from the hands of their friends in New York. If it is tarnished by the fire and smoke of battle, and its folds torn by the shot and shell of the foes of the country, it never suffered dishonor. The speaker reminded the troops of the axiom that a consciousness of right always engenders strength, and asked them to see to it that every traitor at the South shall meet with a traitor s doom. The following is a report, published in a New York paper at the time, of Col. Marston s reply : The Colonel, Gilman Marston, listened to the ad dresses on horseback, and with uncovered head. His horse had stood meanwhile with little or no manifesta tion of uneasiness, but when his rider s voice was raised in response, the animal curvetted about consid erably ; the Colonel, nevertheless, spoke easily, and with as much dignity as his peculiar position at the time permitted, pausing for a moment and reining up his horse in front of the committeemen, as often as the impatient steed carried him beyond the formal position he had at first taken. During the delivery of his reply, he said that in behalf of the regiment and himself, he presented their united and grateful thanks for the kind welcome they had been given, and the gift of so beautiful a flag. The stars and stripes had always been a type of our Union, to uphold which they had left the comforts of home to undergo the deprivations and trials of war ; but he hoped that, by the blessing of God, the Union would be maintained for transmission to other generations. He accepted the flag for the regiment, 134 THE GREAT REBELLION. and pledged for them their devotion to it, and their determination to uphold it with all their strength. The flag was then carried to the line, the Sons of New Hampshire formed into sections at the head of the regiment, whose band struck up a national air, when the regimental line broke into platoons, and the whole column moved up Broadway amid the applause and cheers of the thousands of spectators who crowded the streets and admired the stalwart appearance and soldierly bearing of the men. The officers dined with the committee of arrangements, at the Everett House, and the men were entertained at the Arsenal. In the afternoon the regiment departed for Washington, by cars, arrived there about noon on the 23d, and went into camp at Colorama Hill, about a mile north of the city. While passing through New Jersey, Lieut. Charles W. Walker, of Co. B, fell from the cars and was so badly injured that he soon died. His remains .were sent back to Concord where his funeral was attended by members of the Legislature and a large concourse of citizens. The Second was brigaded with the First and Second Rhode Island and Seventy-first New York all excellent regiments. Attached to the brigade was the Second Rhode Island Battery, and the Seventy-first New York had two Dahlgren howitzers, manned by two of its com panies. Col. Ambrose E. Burnside, of the Second Rhode Island, was in command of the brigade. THE BATTLE OF BULL RUN. On the 16th of July the regiment started on its first campaign, with full ranks. Men who for weeks had been on the sick-list, now reported themselves for duty, lest they should be left behind in what they fondly be lieved would be the death blow of the rebellion. It was SECOND REGIMENT. 135 a very hot day, and many of the men, overcome with heat, fell out by the way. The brigade bivouacked for the night at Bailey s Cross Roads. The next day, late in the afternoon, they entered Fairfax Court House with banners flying and bands playing, and the brigade stacked their arms on the village green, while the colors of the Second were displayed from the cupola of the court house. Among the captures made here was a rebel mail, containing on paper many evidences of Southern prowess. The march was resumed early on the morning of the 18th. In the afternoon the roar of cannon and musketry was heard, and several wounded men coming back created the most intense excitement, by their reports, among the troops at the rear. The Second went into camp near Centerville, the spirits of the men being at fever heat, where they remained until one o clock on the morning of the 21st, when they again moved forward. At daylight they were leading Hunter s Division on the way to Bull Run. At half-past nine o clock the enemy was discovered in strong force ahead. Half a mile further on the Rhode Island regiment filed into the fields on the left, while the Second kept on up the road. They had just entered the shade of a wood when a cannon ball came screaming and crashing through the trees overhead, followed immediately by others, and fierce volleys of musketry. The excitement was now unbounded; all superfluous baggage was thrown off, and a rapid movement launched the regi ment from the woods upon the battle field of Bull Run, and it engaged in the fight. Col. Marston was wounded in the shoulder by a rifle ball, and was carried to the rear. His wound was hastily bound up, he returned to the field to lead his men, and was received by them with tumultuous applause. The fighting was of the most desperate character. Regiments charged the enemy gallantly and with broken 136 THE GREAT REBELLION. ranks came back to the rear to re-form and again advance. The battle continued until early in the afternoon, when the firing almost ceased, and Gen. McDowell rode down the line and informed the soldiers that a great victory had been won, which drew forth much cheering. The troops were in a very disorganized condition. Many regiments could not muster half their numbers, while the reserves were miles away. Rebel re-enforcements were brought by railroad and put into the field, to wrest from the Union army its dearly bought triumph. At the same time an unaccountable panic seized our troops, and while the frightened rebels were making rapid progress towards Manassas, many of the Union army were flying towards Washington. The Second formed upon the field in good order to meet the fresh troops of the enemy, and it was sent to the front to take the place of other regi ments which were falling back in a disorganized condi tion. It filed down into the valley where it was exposed to a murderous fire, the men falling at every step. A halt was made behind a ridge for the purpose of re-form ing the ranks, when it again advanced on its way up the hill, and came into position facing a rebel battery, posted by the ruins of some log houses, behind which a body of rebels kept up an incessant fire on the regiment, which soon caused it to fall back. At this time regiment after regiment of Johnston s men came from the woods, and moving in solid columns against the broken regiments of the Union army, swept triumphantly on, the whole force opposing them joining in the retreat that closed the first disaster on the first great battle field of the war. The Second, with the rest of the brigade, continued the retreat until "Washington was reached. After several days the loss of the regiment was reported to be seven killed, fifty-six wounded and forty-six prisoners. Of the latter many were supposed to have died upon the field, and of those reported killed two returned after a long SECOND REGIMENT. 137 confinement in rebel prisons. Capt. Hiram Rollins was severely wounded in the shoulder, in consequence of which he resigned Oct. 14, 1862. Early in August the Second moved to Bladensburg, Md., about four miles from Washington, and with the First and Eleventh Massachusetts and Twenty-sixth Penn sylvania, formed a brigade under the command of Gen. Joseph Hooker. Here they remained about two months, drilling. and learning the duties of military life. About the middle of October, Hooker s brigade was ordered to the lower Potomac, where the rebels had established a blockade of the river. Sickle s Excelsior brigade ar rived, and with Hooker s formed a division, of which Gen. Hooker assumed command, leaving his brigade in command of Col. Cowdin, of the First Massachusetts regiment, and the division marched to Budd s Ferry, over the roughest of roads. They went into winter quarters, and passed the next few months in building corduroy roads, erecting comfortable winter quarters, and such amusements as camp life aiforded. Early in the winter Gen. Patterson arrived with the Second I^ew Jersey brigade. About the middle of February Gen. ISTaglee of Pennsylvania, an accomplished officer, was assigned to the command of the First Brigade. By reason of his strict discipline he very soon became unpopular with the men, who looked upon him as a tryant. He thought the guard house of the Second Regiment was altogether too comfortable quarters for prisoners confined there, and ordered Col. Marston to build a dungeon, without so much as a crack or an opening anywhere, so that it should be perfectly dark. The dungeon was built, and one day Gen. Naglee went over to inspect it, accom panied by the Colonel. " Where is the entrance," said the General, "and how do you get anybody into it?" "O!" said Col. Marston, "that is not my lookout. I obeyed orders to the letter ! How do you like it ? " 138 THE GREAT REBELLION. The General made no reply. The dungeon stood just as it was built until after the regiment left in the spring for the Peninsula. On the 5th of April, 1862, the division broke camp, embarked on board of steamers for the Peninsula, and joined in the siege of Yorktown. About this time Gen. Naglee went to another division, and his place was supplied by Gen. Cuvier Grover, whom all soon learned to respect and love. This was a period of hard work, erecting fortifications, digging parallels and constructing corduroy roads and bridges. The parallels which "Wash ington had built still existed, and mementoes of the rev olutionary struggle were daily dug out of the soil, such as bullets, balls and bleaching bones. The site of Corn- wallis surrender, marked by a granite stone, was not accessible then, but was visited by thousands after the surrender of Yorktown. Early on the morning of the 4th of May, Yorktown was abandoned by the enemy, and in an hour after the evacuation was known Hooker s division was marching in pursuit of them. So sudden was the movement that the men had to leave without rations, and were almost without food for two days. They marched straight through the deserted town, having first carefully re moved or marked the position of the torpedoes with which the ground was thickly planted, and which had already in some instances exploded and frightfully man gled the soldiers who stepped upon them. Late in the afternoon a few wounded cavalrymen, coming to the rear, announced that the rebels were a little distance ahead, in line of battle, on the "Williamsburg road. The division, after a short halt to load their guns, toiled on into the darkness, over stumps and through swamps, until midnight, when the men threw them selves upon the ground to get a little rest for the com ing contest. SECOND REGIMENT. 139 THE BATTLE OF WILLIAMSBURG. At an early hour, on the morning of the 5th of May, amid a cold, drizzling rain, the march was resumed, the men picking their way along the muddy road as "best they could. Two miles brought them to the enemy s pickets, who greeted them with a few shots, and dispo sitions were at once made for a fight. Company B, with Sharp s rifles, deployed forward as skirmishers, while the brigade formed in line of battle, with two regiments on each side of the road. The skirmishers commenced an advance, followed by the line, engaging the ener my s skirmishers, struggling through a heavy abattis, until the edge of the slashing was reached, when they took cover behind the fallen trees and stumps. In front was a broad undulating plain, and the spires of Will- iamsburg were seen in the distance. Between was a line of small redoubts, the largest called Fort Magruder, and mounted with guns commanding the road. There was also a line of rifle pits from each of which came a fire so well directed that several of our men, though well covered, were hit. For three hours things remained in this position, our troops looking for re-enforcements. At last a regular battery came up the road and took position in front of the line. The rebel guns at once opened upon the battery, and the gunners fled without firing a shot, amid the curses of the whole brigade, from which a company of volunteer artillerists was organized, under direction of the officers of the battery, and worked the guns so effectively that Fort Magruder was soon silenced. At this point a heavy force of rebels made an advance against the left of the line, which had been strengthened by the arrival of the rest of the division, and the battle commenced in earnest. The troops on the left fought bravely, but being unsupported gave way, which rendered the position of the right untenable, 140 THE GREAT REBELLION. and Grover s brigade fell back to the edge of the woods. In the woods a skirmish line was formed and a fierce bushfight ensued, with varied results, for several hours. During this fight Capt. Leonard Drown, of Company E, a brave and noble officer, was killed. Lieut. David Steele, of Company G, with a few men of his company, encountered a squad of rebels of twice his own number. He dashed in among them, swinging his sword, and shouted at the top of his voice : " Surrender, you d d scoundrels, or I will blow your brains out ! " They at once threw down {heir arms and were made prisoners. The guns at Fort Magruder, being relieved from the fire of our batteries, opened again, and were replied to by three Napoleon guns on our side, which poured a constant fire of grape and canister into the rebel ranks. Heintzelman, Hooker, and Grover were everywhere encouraging the men. The division held its ground until nearly dark, when Kearney arrived with his di vision, the tide of battle was quickly turned, and the rebels were driven from the field in confusion. The loss on the Union side, in this battle, was put down at fifteen hundred and seventy-five. The Second, from its position and manner of fighting, suffered less than those regi ments which, in dense line of battle, were more exposed to the enemy s fire. Its loss was reported as eighteen killed, sixty-six wounded, and twenty-three missing. Capt. Evarts "W. Farr lost his right arm, Lieut. Samuel 0. Burnham was severly wounded, and Capt. Edward L. Bailey suffered an ugly contusion. On the 6th the Second buried their dead and marked the graves the best they could, and cared for the wounded. The brigade moved near the town, and Gen. Grover was appointed military governor. They per formed provost duty there for some time while the rest of the army moved up the Peninsula. The public build ings were filled with wounded rebels, who were well SECOND REGIMENT. 141 attended and cared for by the secessionists of the place. The brigade was finally relieved by a detachment of cavalry, and in its turn proceeded up the Peninsula, and joined the main body at Bottom Bridge, where the troops were waiting the order to advance. A day or two afterwards they moved to Poplar Hill, six miles from Fair Oaks. THE BATTLE OF FAIR OAKS. The battle of Fair Oaks commenced on the last day of May, 1862. On the second day of the fight Gen. Hooker took the two other brigades of his division and went to the assistance of Gen. Casey in that fearful bat tle. Gen. Grover s brigade, meantime, lay in line of battle, with the bridges of the intervening stream torn up, and artillery guarding the passage, expecting an attack ; but the defeat of the rebels by Gen. Sumner secured them from all danger. On the* 3d of June the brigade marched to Fair Oaks and relieved the Excel sior brigade in the trenches, where they remained twenty-four hours under arms, wet and shivering, with out fire, surrounded by the putrifying corpses of men slain in the recent battle ; the enemy s pickets, a few hundred yards in front, occasionally firing, which now and then increased almost to a volley, keeping the men continually on the alert, momentarily expecting a charge. When they were relieved they went into camp a short distance to the rear. The warm weather in a few days caused a horrible stench to arise, which with the hard labor, the miasma of the swamps and the bad water, soon seriously affected the health of the men. The Sixteenth Massachusetts Regiment joined the brigade about the middle of June. On the 23d five companies of the Second, with a portion of the Six teenth Massachusetts, drove in the rebel pickets. The 142 THE GREAT REBELLION. rebels met the attack with a line of battle and re-es tablished their picket line. Two days later the whole division went out, and after an obstinate fight forced back the rebel pickets and placed the Union pickets in their line. The First Massachusetts opened the attack, and were followed by company B, of the Second, which fought desperately, losing twenty-two killed and wounded out of forty-two taken into the fight, The whole regiment afterward went in and lost about seventy men during the day. * On the 26th and 27th of June were fought, on the north side of the Chickahominy, the bloody battles of Mechanicsville and Games Hill, which resulted in with drawing the whole army to the south side of the river, and was the beginning of the memorable " Seven Days Fight," and the retreat to the James Eiver. THE SEVEN DAYS FIGHT. On the morning of the 28th of June Gen. Hooker s division was under arms and on the retreat. Every article that could not be carried was burned or other wise destroyed. The retreat was well covered, and be fore the . next morning the Union forces were safely across White Oak Swamp, with the bridges over the creek destroyed. On the morning of the 29th a line of battle was formed, in a huge semicircle extending from the Swamp to Charles City Cross Roads, Hooker s di vision being at the latter place with a strong picket thrown out toward Richmond, while the enormous wagon train moved on toward Harrison s Landing. The enemy came up and engaged the right of the line during the forenoon, but it was not until three o clock in the afternoon that firing commenced on Hooker s front, when a fierce battle ensued. The Second took a position in rear of the Massachusetts Sixteenth, and the SECOND REGIMENT. 143 battle went 011 till night, with varied fortune, when the Second moved further to the right, ready for an attack. None came, however. During the night the most hide ous groans and shrieks were heard, from the wounded mostly rebels between the two contending lines. Before morning the army was again in motion toward Malvern Hill, and before sunrise was in position for the last great battle of the retreat. The enemy soon ap peared. Heintzelman s corps was posted on the left center, and as soon as the line was established the men went to work throwing up intrenchments, and the Second was soon sheltered behind a nearly bullet-proof wall of decayed trees and broken limbs. An attack was made and the battle raged furiously along the right of the line. Three hundred pieces of artillery, including heavy siege guns, and those of one or two gunboats on the river to the left, poured a tremendous fire into the lines of the advancing rebels, and wherever they made desperate endeavors to break the Union lines they were terribly repulsed. While the boys of the Second were filling the chinks in their breastworks, and making other preparations to meet an attack, the Surgeon said to Col. Marston, " Your men have got a good posi tion." " Yes ; my boys are great on intrenchments," replied the Colonel. "Do you think you will be at tacked ? " " Well, we may be ; they are at it pretty brisk on the right." " How many men would it take to drive you out of here?" "How many? Well, six thousand might, possibly, but five thousand would get killed doing it." The pluck of the boys would have made good the Colonel s words, had there been occa sion to display it. The position of the Second was un- assailed, and the regiment witnessed- one of the most magnificent battles of the war. July 2d the army moved slowly along through rain and mud towards Harrison s Landing, leaving the enemy 144 THE GREAT REBELLION. so badly cut up that he could not pursue. On the morn ing of the 3d a rebel light battery came up and threw a few shells into the camp of the army; but it was cap tured shortly after, by a force sent out for that purpose. Arrived at Harrison s Landing, defensive works were constructed in a few days that would defy the whole confederacy, and the troops enjoyed a season of rest. Gen. Hooker devised a plan for the capture of Malvern Hill, which was occupied by a few hundred rebels. This plan being approved by Gen. McClellan, on the 4th of August the expedition set out, and by a circuitous route reached Charles City Cross Roads. Silence was enjoined upon the men, and the inhabitants had been put under guard that they might not carry the news to the rebels, and thus, without noise the division biv ouacked for the night, almost within pistol shot of the enemy s pickets. At early dawn the movement com menced, and but for the failure of Gen. Patterson to take possession of the Richmond road, the escape of the rebels would have been completely cut off. As it was, they all got away but about a hundred men, and Hooker s division occupied Malvern Hill. A large force was sent from Richmond to re-take it, and Hooker was re-enforced by the divisions of Couch and Sedgwick ; but in compli ance with orders, two days afterward, the whole force returned to Harrison s Landing. On the 16th of August Harrison s Landing was evacu ated. The division reached Yorktown on the 21st and embarked on steamers for Alexandria, arriving there on the 23d. Thus ended the famous Peninsula Campaign, in which Gen. Hooker s division won an imperishable fame, and the New Hampshire Second, a part of it, had its full share of hard marches and bloody battles, mak ing for itself a most noble record. While at Alexandria the Second received fifty volun teer recruits. On the 25th of August the division was SECOND REGIMENT. 145 placed on freight cars and sent to re-enforce Gen. Pope, and went into camp at Cedar Creek the next day. On the 27th the division was on its way back to Manassas Junction. The rebels were found in line of battle at Kettle Run, near Bristoe Station, who, after a short bat tle, retreated toward Manassas, followed by Hooker. At night the division bivouacked within a mile of the Junction, where the light of the fires could be seen with which Gen. Jackson was destroying the stores he had captured, preparatory to evacuating the place. SECOND BATTLE OF BULL RUN. On the morning of the 28th Reno s division, of Burn- side s corps, came up, and after a short rest moved on to Manassas, which the rebels had left for Centerville. Hooker advanced and bivouacked for the night at Blackburn s Ford. On the morning of the 29th can nonading was heard far away at the northwest, indicat ing that Stonewall Jackson was engaging some part of the Union force. Hooker at once started with his di vision for the scene, which he reached about noon. Grover s brigade was temporarily assigned to Sigel s command, whose position was in the center of the line. The scene was familiar to the men, for it was the old bat tle ground of the first Bull Run, where many of them had received their initiation into scenes of bloody conflict. The brigade was massed near the village of Groveton, and in about two hours was ordered to charge the enemy in the woods. The first line of rebels lay in a railroad cut, and with the Second in the center of the line, the brigade moved forward at the order, steadily and noiselessly. Suddenly the rattling of thousands of muskets broke the stillness, and a shower of bullets tore through the air. Gen. G rover gave the order to " charge ! " and with a yell every man dashed forward. 146 THE GREAT REBELLION. In a moment the railroad was carried, and the rebels, who had delivered their volley in a prostrate position, were taken prisoners before they had* time to rise. The brigade dashed on for the second line, which rose and received them with a volley, but instantly the Second was in their midst, and the line broke and fled. A third line of rebels still remained, and the regiment pressed on, when the line seemed about to break, and the victory almost gained. The regiments on the right and left had not advanced so far, owing to greater ob structions in the ground, and at the very moment when success seemed ready to crown the assault, the Second was greeted with a murderous volley from either flank, and with hardly men enough remaining to form a skirm ish line, they turned and started for the railroad, barely escaping capture, and leaving their wounded in the hands of the enemy. Capt. Joshua F. Littlefleld, of Company B, a brave officer, was left on the field with several wounds, and finally died. lie had received the appointment of Lieut. Colonel of the Eleventh Regi ment, and though not obliged to do so, chose to accom pany the regiment and partake in all its dangers until he left it for his new position. Lieut. Sylvester Rogers, of Company G, was wounded in the knee and back, and died while being carried from the field. Shattered and bleeding, the brigade emerged into the field whence it started, and was hastily re-formed be hind a little ridge, to await the counter charge which was expected. It soon came, and though the enemy was received with a well-directed volley, and there was a well sustained fight for a few minutes, yet the deci mated ranks could not withstand the overwhelming numbers poured against them, and the line fell back to the hill on which our batteries were posted. With ex ulting cheers the rebels followed, but one of the Union batteries poured in such a deadly fire of grape and SECOND REGIMENT. 147 canister, that the cheers soon stopped, and the line melted away as if the ground had opened to swallow it. The remnant of the brigade was now gathered to gether by the side of Bull Run Creek, and an estimate of losses was made. The Second entered the fight with three hundred and thirty-two men. Of these sixteen were reported killed, eighty-seven wounded, and twenty-nine missing. Of the latter by far the greater number were never heard from. Ten out of twenty- one commissioned officers were killed or wounded. Besides those mentioned above, Lieut. Norton R. Moore, of Company F, was killed; Lieut. John F. Hoi- man, of Company II. received a terrible wound in the thigh; Lieut. John D. Cooper, of Company H, was shot through the lungs, and Lieuts. Ballard, Roberts, Steele, Young and Gordon, were wounded more or less se verely. That night the division slept just in the rear of the Union batteries, on the identical spot where the Second had formed its line of battle in 1861. On the afternoon of the 30th, the battle was renewed against that part of the line held by McDowell, and soon extended along the whole line. Hooker s division was called up to repel an attack, which proved to be only a feint, and was then, ordered to " the other hill." Every thing seemed to indicate that the second battle of Bull Run was like the first a rebel victory. That night the army fell back to Centerville, in good order. On the 1st of September the rebels attempted to get possession of the road between Centerville and Fairfax, and the divisions of Hooker, Kearney and Stevens were sent to the threatened point. The battle of Chantilly ensued, and the rebels were driven back ; but Kearney and Stevens were both killed. In this bat tle the Second had no more active part than to cover a road over which the Union trains were crowding to wards Washington. 148 THE GREAT REBELLION. t \ Two days later the division arrived at Alexandria, and for a time formed a portion of Gen. Banks forces in the defenses of Washington, while the rest of the army was engaged in the movement which terminated so gloriously at Antietam. Gen. Hooker was assigned to the command of McDowell s Corps, and the command of the division devolved upon Gen. Sickles. Gen. Grover left the brigade for a more important command, about the same time. The loss of both Hooker and Grover was deeply regretted by the division. The camp was removed to Fairfax Seminary, and until the 1st of November the picket and fatigue duty performed by the regiment was very arduous. At this time the division was ordered to guard the railroad from Man- assas to Alexandria, and was much scattered. The Second was in comfortable quarters at Centerville, with but light duty to perform, and the time passed pleasantly. On the 18th of November the division started for Fal- mouth, to join the army now commanded by Gen. Burnside, and arrived there in ten days. Gen. Stone- man commanded the corps, and a new division, under Gen. "Whipple, had been added to it, while the corps was assigned to the Central Grand Division of the army commanded by Gen. Hooker. THE BATTLE OF FREDERICKSBURG. The object of the concentration of troops at Falmouth was to take Fredericksburg, on the opposite side of the Rappahannock river. Gen. Burnside s plan of attack was laid before the President, Gen. Halleck and the Secretary of War, and approved by them. The rebels expected our army would cross at a different point, and therefore this one was not as strongly guarded as it otherwise would have been. On the night of the 10th SECOND REGIMENT. 149 of December the work of laying pontoon bridges across the river was commenced and two-thirds completed, when daylight appeared and the rebels discovered what was going on. Their sharpshooters at once opened upon our engineer party from the houses, and the men fell dead as fast as they took their stand upon the boats. Attempts were made to dislodge the sharpshooters by our riflemen, but in vain. They were too well pro tected. One hundred and forty pieces of our artillery opened from the Falmouth side of the river upon the part of the town from which the sharpshooting pro ceeded. This had no effect, and it was evident that the bridges could not be completed until they were in some way dislodged. The Michigan Seventh volunteered for the hazardous duty of crossing the river in boats to dislodge the rebel sharpshooters. They were watched by thousands as they rowed across the river, and many of the men were shot. But they gained the shore, gallantly charged up the steep slope, drove the rebels out of the rifle pits and out of the buildings fronting the water. The Nine teenth and Twentieth Massachusetts followed the Mich igan regiment, and they together held the ground until the bridges were completed. While this was going on the rebels were concentrating their forces at Fredericks- burg. In the afternoon the division crossed the river at the lower bridge and lay in the streets of the town. On the 13th, the day of the main assault, the Second, with sev eral other regiments, was assigned to the duty of guard ing the bridges and to keep men from crossing the river and shirking their duty. About midnight they were relieved and joined the brigade at the front, within range of the enemy s pickets. A battery was brought up and commenced shelling the brigade, when Company B, with its Sharp s rifles, was sent to shoot the gunners 150 THE GREAT REBELLION. and horses. The battery, after the loss of a few men, retired. The rebels were very strongly intrenched upon the bights back of the town, and many abortive attempts were made to dislodge them. The fighting upon the left was furious, and during the charge made by one of our brigades an entire North Carolina regiment was taken prisoners. During a furious artillery duel, in which the New Hampshire battery was hotly engaged and lost several men, Gen. Bayard, the youngest gen eral in the service, was killed. At one time Gen. Meade s division made a most gal lant charge, reaching the very crest of the hill. They drove two of Hill s brigades back upon their second line of defenses and captured several hundred prisoners. For a time it seemed as if the battle was in our favor, but a large body of rebel infantry came rushing down from their second line of defenses and bore our brave charg ing lines before them. The day was lost, and thousands of our soldiers lay dead upon the hills. The rebel works were still unbroken and swarming with men. The bat tle of Fredericksburg was over. During this contest about a dozen of the men of the Second Regiment were wounded, but none fatally. The next afternoon a council of generals was held at Gen. Burnside s headquarters, and after much discussion it was decided to retreat across the river, under the cover of darkness. Late on the afternoon of the 15th the order to re-cross the river was given, which was accomplished during the night, without disaster. The night was so dark and rainy that the movements of our army could not be seen, and so windy that the rumbling of our trains could not be heard by the enemy. The last of January Gen. Burnside was relieved from the command of the army, and Gen. Hooker put in his place. Grand divisions were abolished, and corps SECOND REGIMENT. 151 badges were adopted; that of the Third being a diamond or lozenge, with red, white and blue colors for the re spective divisions, in their order. On the 26th of February the Second Regiment was ordered to report to Gen. Wool, commanding the de partment of the East. At Boston the regiment was most heartily welcomed and feasted and toasted at Fan- euil Hall. At Manchester the men met a most warm and gratifying reception. They were escorted to Smyth s Hall, where tables were profusely spread with eatables. The galleries were filled with ladies and friends of the men in the regiment. Mayor Theodore T. Abbott wel comed the regiment in a feeling and appropriate speech, which was responded to by Lieut. Colonel Bailey. After the eating had been finished Hon. Frederick Smyth was introduced as toast-master, when sentiments and short speeches, by men of the regiment and citizens, followed. The next day the regiment was received at Concord, by a grand procession, dinner at the hotels and speeches of welcome. Gen. "Wool was there to add to the interest of the occasion. The headquarters of the regiment were established at Concord, while Companies D, E and K, were sent to Fort Constitution, Portsmouth harbor. The men were granted furloughs to visit their homes, many of whom did not return until long after their time had expired. The Seventeenth regiment, numbering about one hund red and fifty men, was consolidated with the Second, the officers having been first discharged. Col. Marston was promoted to Brigadier General, and Lieut. Colonel Bailey, Major Carr and Capt. Sayles were promoted to fill the vacancies consequent on this promotion. On the 25th of May, 1863, the regiment left the State for Washington, arriving there 011 the 28th, .where it remained until the llth of June, when it moved and joined the army of the Potomac at Ilartwood Church, 152 THE GREAT REBELLION. and was assigned to the Jersey Brigade, to which it was attached as long as it remained with the army of the Potomac. THE BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. The brigade arrived at Emmettshurg on the first of July, and encamped for the night, having heard firing all the afternoon in the direction of Gettysburg. At two o clock on the morning of the 3d, the brigade set off and reached the scene of action early in the forenoon, and joined its corps. The brigade was commanded by Col. Berlin. It moved up the slope into the open field, when a rebel battery opened upon it with shell, one piece hitting the color-staff of the Second Regiment, wound ing several of the color-guard. The brigade was with drawn to a grove, while a battery went into position and rapidly replied to the rebel guns, and which the brigade was ordered to support. On the crest of the ridge, in a peach orchard, was a battery of six Napoleon guns, which kept up a spirited response to the rebels who were pouring shell and spherical case into our lines with murderous effect. The Second was ordered to report to Gen. Graham, commanding a brigade in Gen. Birney s division, and by him ordered to the rear of this battery as a support. After the position was taken the roll of the Second was called, and only eight men were found absent from their places. The regiment was exposed to a more terrific artillery fire than it ever experienced before or since. The air was filled with the missiles of death and the leaves and branches of the peach trees were shorn as if by a tornado. The brave gunners did not flinch, though every discharge of the enemy s guns dealt death to their ranks or mowed down the ranks of the support ing regiment. Some shells came along the ground so closely as to wound half a dozen men at a time. Others SECOND REGIMENT. 153 exploded as they struck the cartridge-hoxes, and the cartridges, set on fire, blew up like so many Chinese crackers. The conflict was going on vigorously from Round Top, on the left, to Cemetery Hill, on the right, increasing in strength and fury toward the point where the rebels were striving with every human effort to turn our left. Thus the battle proceeded until half-past four in the afternoon, when this battery was relieved by a regular battery of rifled guns, which was served with much less spirit than its predecessor. The enemy s fire at once increased, their infantry began to show them selves from behind the woods, and at their advance our skirmishers came pouring in. So threatening was the attack that the Lieutenant of the battery spiked his guns in expectation of their capture. At this point Col. Bailey asked permission to charge with the Second and check this advance, which was granted, and the men sprang to their feet with a loud shout, passed the bat tery, and drove the advancing enemy back to their lines, taking up a position on the Emmettsburg road. Here it was exposed to the enemy s artillery at short range, and to the fire of the line it had just driven, which had taken shelter in a ravine. Two rebel regiments com menced to advance by the flank across the field in front, but these were speedily forced to flee in confusion. A brigade then advanced in line opposite the Sixty-third Pennsylvania, which was formed on the right of the Second, and no fire seemed able to check them. Some of Company B s men, who were wounded, took a posi tion behind an old farm house and poured a lively fire into the advancing ranks, aiming especially at their colors. Still it came on and the Sixty-third gave way. The regiment on the left also faced about and retreated, upon which the Second was in its turn compelled to retire. The ground was thickly strewn with dead and wounded of both sides. Gen. Graham was wounded 154 THE ORE AT REBELLION. and taken prisoner, and Gen. Sickles, who rode up amid the terrific storm, had his leg shattered by a shell, and was carried from the field. The rebels gained a temporary advantage at this point in the line. The Third corps had been overborne by vastly superior numbers, when the gallant old Sixth Corps, out of breath and weary with a long march, but fresh in courage and spirit, made its appearance and pressed forward to take the place of the shattered and bleeding Third. The rebel force was hurled back, the lost ground recovered, and the sun went down on the second day of that gallant fight, with the rebel army beaten at every point, and the tide of secession through out the country at its ebb. When the Second Regiment rejoined its brigade it was but a sad remnant of what it had been a few hours earlier, when its roll was called, just before entering into the fight. Then twenty-four officers and three hundred and thirty men answered to their names. Of this num ber nineteen were known to have been killed; one hundred and thirty-six were wounded, and thirty-eight were missing, lying dead or wounded on the field, or prisoners in the hands of the enemy, making a total of one hundred and ninety-three, out of three hundred and fifty-four, or about three-fifths of the number engaged. All of the field officers were wounded; Major Sayles severely, with a bullet through his thigh, and left in the hands of the enemy, though so disabled that they did not carry him away; Capt. Metcalf and Lieut. Roberts were killed ; Lieuts. Ballard and Dascomb died of their wounds within a few days ; Capt. Hubbard was shot in the forehead and wandered into the rebel lines, where he die d and was buried by some brother Masons ; Lieut. Yickery was badly wounded, remained in the hands of the rebels till they retreated, arid died on the 8th of July; Lieut. Patch was wounded in the abdomen, and SECOND REGIMENT. 155 died on the 10th of July ; Lieuts. Perkins and Converse each lost an arm, and eight other officers were more or less wounded. On the 3d there was hard fighting on the right, and the enemy made desperate attempts to break our lines at different points; but the Jersey Brigade lost no men. On the 4th, in the midst of a drenching rain, the men collected and brought in the wounded and buried the dead. It was a scene which will not soon be forgot ten by those who participated in or witnessed it. The rebels started for the Potomac, and Gen. Meade, who was appointed to the command of the army on the eve of the battle of Gettysburg, followed in pursuit, bringing the enemy to bay at Williamsport, before they could escape across the river. Our cavalry harassed the retreating column of the enemy, took and destroyed a portion of their pontoon train and captured several hundred prisoners. Gen. Meade ordered a charge on the evening of the 12th, which was to be executed the next morning at daylight, but in consequence of a dense fog it was delayed, and when the advance was finally commenced the enemy had made good their retreat. On the 17th the division crossed the Potomac at Har per s Ferry, and thence followed the valley east of the Blue Ridge, with the rest of the army, while Lee moved up the valley of the Shenandoah. On the 26th the Second marched to Warrenton, where it was met by Gen. Marston, who had full authority to form a brigade of the Second, Fifth and Twelfth New Hampshire regi ments, for duty at Point Lookout, where the Govern ment was about to establish a general depot for prisoners of war. On the 2d of August Gen. Marston formally assumed command of the district of St. Mary s, in which Point Lookout was included. Twenty men from the Second and Twelfth were detailed as mounted scouts, whose duty was to scour the country, look out for con- 156 THE GREAT REBELLION. traband trade and prevent communication of the inhabit ants with the enemy. These were .pleasant days for the three !N"ew Hampshire Eegiments. Capt. J. N". Patterson, of the Second, was appointed Provost Mar shal of the District, and Capt. George E. Sides was an assistant in the same department, having immediate charge of the camp. The prisoners were divided into companies of a hundred each, with one of their number selected as a sergeant in command. They had comfortable shelter, plenty of palatable food and ample accommodations for cooking, and all sanitary measures were carefully at tended to. Many attempts were made by individuals to escape, and in February, 1864, an organized con spiracy to overpower the guard and break camp was discovered in season to frustrate it. But few succeeded in escaping. Applications to take the oath of allegiance and go north were frequent. Many of the prisoners desired to enlist in our army and navy, and two regi ments were organized, known as the First and Second United States Volunteers, and officered by men promoted from the Second and other regiments in the district. These regiments afterward did good service at Norfolk, Ya., and in Colorado, where they were sent against the Indians. Several also enlisted in the Second, and proved as brave and true soldiers as any who ever served under its colors. On the 24th of February, 1864, the re-enlisted vet erans of the Second left Point Lookout for JSTew Hamp shire on furlough for twenty days. On the 4th of April Gen. Hinks relieved Gen. Marston in command of the district, and on the 7th the Second started again for the Peninsula and reached Yorktown the next day. In three days over a hundred of the substitutes, who joined the regiment at Point Lookout, deserted, a majority of SECOND REGIMENT. 157 whom were captured and two of them tried, and shot on the 15th. This prompt action effectually checked desertions from the Second. The Second and .Twelfth New Hampshire and the One Hundred and Forty-eighth New York were brig aded together, under command of Gen. Wistar, and assigned to the Eighteenth Corps, commanded hy Gen. W. F. Smith. On the 22d of April the brigade moved to "Williamsburg, and remained there until the 4th of May, when it marched to James River and embarked for Bermuda Hundred. On the 8th of May a general advance \vas made toward Petersburg, and a consider able portion of the Richmond and Petersburg Railroad was destroyed. In this expedition the Second Regi ment had one man killed and six wounded. On the 12th another advance was made, this time in the direction of Fort Darling. The rebels were steadily pressed back until our army confronted the outworks of the Fort. The Tenth Corps charged and captured the enemy s works upon the left, while the riflemen of the Eighteenth drove the rebels from those upon the right, commanding the telegraph pike to Richmond. Gen. Hickman s brigade formed the extreme right of the line, and to its left was Gen. "Wistar s brigade, across the pike, where a battery was posted upon the reverse side of the captured rebel works. Three hundred yards to the front was a strong rebel fort from which floated two flags. A half dozen log barracks just out side were occupied by rebel sharpshooters, who were driven from their cover by our skirmishers, who kept up such a fire from behind the logs and stumps, close under the fort, that not a head appeared along the whole rebel line. On the 14th and 15th the Second erected a breastwork of logs, in front of which, from stump to stump, telegraph wires were strung just high enough to trip an advancing enemy. Beauregard had concen- 158 THE GREAT REBELLION. trated his troops about Fort Darling. On the morning of the 16th a dense fog prevailed, and under its cover the rebels prepared for a grand charge to drive back the besiegers of the fort. Their lines were silently formed outside the works, and an attack was made upon the extreme right to turn that flank of our army. There were several companies, composed of young men, sent from Richmond for the emergency, who were brought directly opposite the line of the Second Regi ment. When the mass of the charging rebels burst into sight they were met by a volley from the rifles of the regiment which had a terrible effect upon the ranks, while those who were left to advance were thrown to the ground, line after line, in windrows, by the telegraph wires upon the stumps, when the men of the Second leaped over their breastworks and used their rifles with the most deadly effect. In their desperation the rebels renewed the attack, with the same results. The ground in front of the breastworks of the regiment was literally coved with the rebel de-ad. The number killed in front of the Second s line was estimated at two thousand, while a rebel Lieutenant, who was taken prisoner, ad mitted it to be eighteen hundred, and said that the wire arrangement was " a d d rascally contrivance." The Second lost but four men killed and fourteen wounded. Capt. James II. Platt, of Company E, was among the killed. While Gen. Wistar s brigade was repulsing the enemy so handsomely, a strong force marched clear around Gen. Hickman s brigade, and suddenly poured in a volley from the rear. The brigade was very badly crushed, the men slaughtered, and the General wounded and taken prisoner. The right was thus turned, and the Second ordered to fall back, but again advanced and occupied fhe breastworks until the whole line was withdrawn and a new one established a short distance to the rear. The SECOND REGIMENT. 159 remainder of the day was passed in skirmishing with the enemy, and at night the army withdrew to Bermuda Hundred, was placed in a state of siege, and strong for tifications erected. The Tenth Corps were almost con stantly fighting with the enemy, and the Eighteenth Corps frequently turned out and formed behind their works. On the 20th a severe fight was had over some of our advanced rifle-pits, in which the rebel Major Gen. "Walker was severely wounded and captured. On the 27th the division deserted the works, crossed the Appomattox on pontoon bridges, and marched to City Point, and on the 1st of June joined Gen. Grant s great Army of the Potomac. BATTLE OF COLD HARBOR. On the 1st of June the division of which the Second Regiment formed a part, guarded a wagon train to Gen. Grant s headquarters, and immediately pushed on to where the Sixth Corps was skirmishing with the enemy, about a mile beyond. The division was marched rapidly down the road, and precipitated into the fight. The Second, though not actively engaged, was under a heavy artillery fire, and lost several men. At early dawn on the 2d, the division advanced through the works behind which it had lain, and formed in the woods. Wistar s brigade was closed in mass by battalions, the Second being the fifth regiment in the column, and the Twelfth leading. The order to advance was given, and as the brigade emerged from the wood it was met by a terrible fire of artillery and musketry. The column dashed for ward half the distance, when the Twelfth halted. The three intervening regiments broke, and the Second was thrown into confusion. The lines were again formed under cover of the woods, and the men threw them selves on the ground, and with hands, knives and bayo- 160 THE GREAT REBELLION. nets, threw up little mounds of earth, for their protection, which were afterward elaborated into serviceable rifle- pits. Men were continually being wounded under the constant fire of the enemy. Capt. George W. Gordon was struck on the top of the head, and died an hour afterward. Capt. William H. Smith was shot through both legs, and died on the 7th. Lieut. Henry Hay ward, while using the rifle of one of his men, was pierced through the neck with a bullet, and lived but a few hours. Sergeant Major M. L. F. Smith was shot through both thighs, and died in dreadful agony. The entire loss of the regiment during the day was seventy, and of these many had only a few days longer to serve. This was the last battle of the original Second New Hampshire, and it was fierce and severe enough to fitly crown three years of active service. On the morning of the 8th the original men of the regiment who had not re-enlisted took leave of their comrades and departed for New Hampshire, arriving at Concord on the 17th, and were mustered out of service on the 21st. About two hundred and fifty men, including those who had re-enlisted, and the recruits who had joined the regiment since its first organization, with Capt. J. N. Patterson in command, remained in the trenches at Cold Harbor. There were still upon the rolls of the regiment six hundred and sixty names, which, though not sufficient to admit of the muster of a Colonel, al lowed the organization of ten companies to be retained. The muster of the other regimental officers, and the old organization and numerical designation were con tinued. Capt. J. N. Patterson was appointed Lieut. Col onel and Adjutant John D. Cooper, Major. On the 9th of June the regiment was detached from the brigade and assigned to duty at the Eighteenth Corps headquarters. On the 12th the corps broke SECOND REGIMENT. 161 camp and marched to White House Landing, where the Second embarked for Broadway Landing, on the Appomattox. On the 16th, by order of Gen. Butler, it reported to Gen. Turner, and in company with other troops went on a reconnoisance, drove in the enemy s pickets, destroying two or three miles of the track of the Petersburg and Richmond railroad, captured and destroyed the camp of a North Carolina brigade, and marched back to Bermuda Hundred without loss. The Second Regiment did duty at the corps head quarters until the 13th of August, when it was assigned to the First Brigade, First Division, Eighteenth Corps, Col. Aaron F. Stevens, Thirteenth New Hampshire, commanding, and was stationed in the trenches, on the right of the line, in front of Petersburg, where it was constantly under fire, and lost men every day, although there was no serious fighting. On the 26th of August the Eighteenth Corps left Petersburg, crossed the Appomattox at Point of Rocks, and occupied the line of works, the Second taking its position in rear of Battery Sawyer, where it remained till September 1st, when it was ordered to proceed to "Wilson s Landing, on the James River, and reported to Gen. Marston, then commanding the defenses of the James from City Point to Fortress Monroe. Here the regiment made many excursions into the enemy s coun try, and destroyed much property that was of value to the Confederate Government. On the 21st Major Cooper, with one hundred men, convoyed by a gun boat, went up the Chickahominy river, and destroyed a steam mill, in full working order. The detachment returned the next day, bringing with them over fifty thousand feet of lumber. Guerillas occasionally made their appearance and fired upon the party from the banks of the river, but inflicted no injury. On the morning of the 27th, at three o clock, Lieut. Col. Pat- 162 THE GREAT REBELLION. terson, with the Second, fifty men of the Sixteenth New York Heavy Artillery and twenty colored cavalry, left Wilson s Landing on board a large barge, towed by the gunboat Mosswood, proceeded up the Chickahom- iny to Hogg Neck, on the left bank of the river, where the party disembarked. The order was " to push into the country four or five miles, and sweep down to Bar- nett s Ferry, near the mouth of the river, gathering such horses, mules, cattle and sheep as might be useful to the army, and take along such colored men and their families as desired to come into our lines." Soon after landing a colored boy was found who was perfectly ac quainted with that section of country, and he was taken along as guide. The force marched to Centerville, ten miles, halted for dinner, after which it marched to Gum Springs, James City County, and camped for the night. The next morning the command marched in the direc tion of Barnett s Ferry, passing several fertile farms, well stocked with cattle and sheep, of which they col lected and drove to the Ferry one hundred and fifty, and embarked for Wilson s Landing, where they arrived in the evening, without loss or accident. Gen. Marstori complimented the command very highly for the manner in which they had accomplished the objects of the expe dition, remarking that his command had captured their share of the twenty-five hundred head of cattle which were stolen a few days before by Lee s Cavalry, below City Point. On the 1st of October orders were received to proceed to Aiken s Landing, on the north side of the James, and report to Gen. Weitzel, commanding the Eighteenth Corps; and on the same evening the regiment em barked under command of Major Cooper, Gen. Marston having been relieved and ordered to turn over his com mand to the most experienced officer, and Lieut. Col. Patterson, though not the ranking officer present, was SECOND REGIMENT. ordered to remain in command of the first separate brig ade. On arrival at Aiken s Landing the regiment was assigned to the Third Brigade of its old division. On the 14th Lieut. Col. Patterson rejoined the regiment and took command of the brigade. On the 27th the Second took part in the reconnoisance made by the Eighteenth Corps, on the extreme right of the line, near the Williamsburg road, meeting the enemy in strong force, when some heavy skirmishing took place, in which the Second lost a few men. About the middle of November the Army of the James was reorganized. The white troops of the Tenth and Eighteenth Corps were consolidated and called the Twenty-fourth, Major Gen. John Gibbon in command ; and all the colored troops of the two corps were designated as the Twenty-fifth Corps, under Major Gen. Weitzel. The Second was assigned to the Third Brigade, Third Division, Twenty-fourth Corps, com manded by Col. Guy Y. Henry, of the Fortieth Mas sachusetts. The brigade went into comfortable winter quarters, with plenty of wood and water, and remained there, with no important occurrence except an occa sional alarm on the picket line, or a flank movement of the enemy on the right, until March 3d, 1865, when the brigade, now commanded by Brevet Brig. Gen. Roberts, received orders to report to Lieut. Gen. Grant, for secret service. During the winter the Second received two detach ments of recruits, Lieut. Col. Patterson was promoted to Colonel, and Major Cooper to Lieut. Colonel, and much attention had been paid to company, regimental and brigade drill. The discipline of the brigade was such that it was acknowledged to be the best in the Army of the James. Weekly inspections were insti tuted by the corps commander, at which the best regi ment was excused from all outside duty for a week, and 164 THE GREAT REBELLION. it was ordered that the neatest soldier in the division should receive a twenty days furlough. At several in spections the Second was announced as the best regi ment in the brigade, and several members had received furloughs as being the neatest and best soldiers in the division. On the 4th of March the brigade left its pleasant, home-like camp with many regrets, for a inarch to Deep Bottom Landing, there to await transports and further orders. The march was six miles, through mud knee- deep and a heavy rain. After a few hours delay the brig ade embarked on board transports and about noon the next day arrived at Fortress Monroe. For several days after its arrival at Fortress Monroe, the brigade was engaged in raids into the enemy s country, collecting cattle, horses, mules, sheep, tobacco and other produc tions, destroying rebel property and harassing the enemy, in which the Second bore a part, without meet ing with any loss of men. While on a raid, having landed at Point Lookout, a special messenger arrived from Gen. Grant, with orders to the officers in com mand of the expedition to proceed to White House Landing, on the Pamunkey river, and establish there a base of supplies for Sheridan s army, which had been traveling over the enemy s country for the previous three weeks, and was then on its way to the left of Gen. Grant s line. The command arrived at White House on the 14th of March, and it being the day of the New Hampshire election, the Second voted for members of Congress. Sherman s army arrived on the 18th, men and horses jaded and tired, and remained there for rest until the 24th. Orders were received for the brigade to march back to the camp vacated by them on the 4th, a distance of fifty miles, and the line of march was taken, with Sherman s army in advance. The old camp was found to be occu- SECOND HEGIMENT. 165 pied by a portion of the Twenty-fifth Corps, which had been withdrawn from the front. All the troops in the Army of the James being ordered by Gen. Grant to the left of the line at Petersburg, excepting the Third Di vision, Twenty-fourth Corps, and one division of the Twenty-fifth, which were to hold the lines, and to advance upon Richmond the moment Lee s lines were broken. The Second, being in the Third Division, was ordered to occupy Signal Hill. On the 1st and 2d of April, terrific cannonading could be distinctly heard from the left, one continuous roar of artillery for hours, from which it was evident that Grant would no longer remain idle around Petersburg, and the morning of the 3d told surely of his success on the left, and of wonderful doings in front. The explosion of gun boats and arsenals at Richmond was distinctly heard by the troops on the north of the James. The sun had for the last time risen upon the rebel capital. The division immediately broke camp and started for Richmond, over abandoned rebel lines and forts, and an uninterrupted march of a few hours found the Second on the outskirts of the city, black with smoke and cin ders from the fire then raging at its highest fury. The scene was wild and magnificent beyond description. " On to Richmond ! " had at last been accomplished, and the fury of the flames that morning looked as though there ought never to be but ashes remain of that " impregna ble city," the capital of the so-called " Southern Confed eracy." After a few days the Second moved into one of the forts overlooking the city. On the 25th the brigade crossed the river to Manchester, and encamped two miles from Richmond, on the road leading to the Cum berland coal mines. On the 21st of June the Tenth, Twelfth and Thirteenth New Hampshire regiments were mustered out of the United States service and left for 166 THE GREAT REBELLION. home. The recruits, whose term of service did not ex pire prior to September 30th, about four hundred, were transferred to the Second, thus making the aggregate of the regiment nine hundred strong. Lieut. Col. J. N. Patterson was mustered as Colonel, Major John D. Cooper as Lieut. Colonel, and Capt. Levi N. Converse as Major. About one half of the regiments of the Third Division had been mustered out of service, and the re mainder were formed into two independent brigades, and Col. Patterson was assigned to the command of the Second Brigade. On the 10th of July the Division was broken up, and the various regiments assigned to the different sub- districts into which Virginia had been divided. Col. Patterson was assigned to Northern Neck division, which embraced King George, "Westmoreland, Rich mond, Northumberland and Lancaster counties, with headquarters at Warsaw. Companies A, F, and H, were left at Fredericksburg as provost guard, and the other seven companies went to Warsaw. To each of the counties of Col. Patterson s district one company was sent, the commanding officer of the company acting as provost marshal of the county, and assistant agent of the Freedman s Bureau. On the 22d of August another sub-district was consolidated with Col. Patterson s, and he was continued as commander of the whole. On the 30th of October, Lieut. Col. John D. Cooper died of disease, at Baltimore, Md. He was one of the original members of the regiment, having enlisted as a private in the Goodwin Rifles, afterwards known as Company B, at Concord, in April, 1861. He rose by merit alone to the rank he held when he died. He was one of the bravest men in the regiment, and enjoyed the respect and confidence of all its members, as well as of a large circle of acquaintances in New Hampshire. On the 2d of December the Second started for City SECOND REGIMENT. 167 Point to be mustered out of the United States service, which took place on the 19th, and on the 21st started for ISTew Hampshire. At Nashua, Manchester and other stations on their route the men were greeted with long and hearty cheers. They reached Concord at nine o clock on the evening of the 23d, and marched to the hotels where a bounteous repast awaited them. On Monday, the 25th, a formal reception was given the regiment by Governor Frederick Smyth, and they marched through the principal streets of the city, escorted by the State Militia and the Veterans, who once had the honor of serving under its tattered ban ners. Arriving opposite the State House, after being reviewed by the Governor, speeches were made by Gov ernor Smyth, Ex-Governor Gilmore, Adjutant Gen. Natt Head, Col. Walter Harriman, and Col. Peter San- born, which were handsomely and feelingly replied to by Col. Patterson. On Tuesday the 26th, the men were paid off and discharged. ~No New Hampshire Regiment was so long in the service, and none left a more honor able record for bravery and good conduct throughout the war than the Second. The roll of the Second Regiment, during its organiza tion, contained more than three thousand names. Every regiment but two from the State was supplied, in part, with officers from its ranks ; and more than thirty regi ments in the field had upon their rosters names of men that were once, identified with it. It marched more than six thousand miles, participated in more than twenty pitched battles, and lost in action upwards of one thou sand men. t The notice of the Second Regiment should not be closed without a mention of Miss Harriet P. Dame. She was connected with it, near or remote, during its whole term of service. Wherever the wounded, sick 168 THE GREAT REBELLION. and suffering were, Miss Dame was always found, doing cheerfully her utmost for their relief. Many officers and enlisted men owe their lives to Ifler unremitting care. Major Sayles, who was shot through the leg at Gettys burg, and Captains Perkins and Converse, who each lost an arm, say that through her exertions their lives were saved. She attended as kindly and carefully to privates who needed her care, as to officers of the highest rank, and is remembered by all with the affec tion due a mother or sister. Much of the fame enjoyed by this regiment is due to the energy and zeal of General Gilman Marston. Al though he was promoted to Brigadier General, and as signed to duty away from the regiment, he left it with regret and watched its fortunes with an unusual interest. A very strong attachment existed between him and his first command, from the commencement to the close of the war. THIRD REGIMENT. 169 THIRD REGIMENT. This was the second regiment raised in the State un der the call of the President for three years troops. It was recruited, as the two preceding regiments had been, throughout the State, though Manchester furnished three companies. On the 31st of July, 1861, an order was issued by the Governor offering a bounty of ten dol lars to be paid to each man who had, or might thereafter enlist and be mustered into the Third Regiment. The same order was carried into effect in recruiting for other regiments subsequently enlisted. The men rendezvoused at Camp Berry, Concord, early in August, and between the 22d and 26th the companies were all mustered into the United States service, by Ma jor Seth Eastman, of the regular army, consisting often hundred and forty-seven officers and men, including a regimental band of twenty-four pieces, under the leader ship of Gustavus W. Ingalls, of Concord. The following were the commissioned officers and the non-commissioned staff of the regiment during its term of service, and their record, as gathered from the Adju tant General s books, and from other sources. FIELD AND STAFF OFFICERS. COLONELS Enoch Q. Fellows, of Sandwich. Resigned June 26, 1862. John II. Jackson, of Portsmouth. Wounded slightly July 18, 1863. Honorably discharged Feb. 24, 1864 John Bedel, of Bath. Parolled as prisoner of war, Dec. 0, 1864. Appointed Brigadier General U. B. Vols., by Brevet, for gallant and meritorious services, to date from March 13, 1865. Mustered out as Colonel, July 20, 1865. Lieut, Colonel John II. Jackson, of Portsmouth. Promoted to Colonel, June 27, 1862 170 THE GREAT REBELLION. John Bedel, of Bath. Wounded July 10, 1863. Captured at Fort Wagner, July 18, 1863. Pro moted to Colonel while prisoner of war, April 6, 1^64. Josiah I. Plimpton, of Milford. Killed at Deep Run, Va., Aug. 16, 1864. James F. Randlett, of Nashua. Mustered out July 20, 1865. Majors John Bedel, of Bath. Promoted to Lieut. Colonel, June 27, 1862. Josiah I. Plimpton, of Milford. Promoted to Lieut. Colonel, April 6, 1864. James F. Randlett, of Nashua. Wounded severely May 14, 1864. Promoted to Lieut. Col. Oct. 12, 1864. William H. Trickey, of Wolfeborough. Wounded slightly June 19, 1865. Wounded accidentally April 4, 1865. Mustered out July 20, 1865. Adjutants Alfred J. Hill, of Portsmouth. Resigned April 14, 1862. Alvin H. Libby, of Manchester. Killed at Fort Wagner, July 18, 1863. ElbHdge J. Copp, of Nashua. Wounded severely May 13, 1864. Wounded severely Aug. 16 1864. Mus tered out Oct. 16, 1864. Samuel N. Jackson, of Nashua. Mustered out July 20, 1865. Quartermasters Arthur S. Nesmith, of Franklin. Resigned Nov. 15, 1862. John R. Haynes, of Manchester. Promoted to Captain, and A. Q. M., F. S. Vols. Sept. 20, 1864. George B. Bingham, of Nashua. Mustered out July 20, 1865. Surgeons Albert A. Moulton, of Concord. Resigned Nov. 15, 1862. Andrew J. H. Buzzell, of Dover. Appointed Lieut. Colonel U. S. Vols., by Brevet, for gallant and meritorious conduct at the storming of Fort Fisher, N. C., to date from March 13, 1865. Died of disease at Wilmington, N. C., March 28, 1865. Frank B. Kimball, of Dover. Mustered out July 20, 1865. Assistant Surgeons Benjamin F. Eaton, of Hanover. Resigned Oct. 1, 1862 Andrew J. H. Buzzell, of Dover. Promoted to Surgeon, Nov. 17, 1862, Charles A. Burnham. Honorably discharged Sept. 22, 1864. THIRD REGIMENT. 171 Daniel Farrar, of Troj. Resigned May 4, 1863. Frank B. Kimball, of Dover. Promoted to Surgeon April 20, 1865, George W. Manter, of Manchester. Mustered out July 20, 1865. Chaplain Henry Hill, of Manchester. Mustered out Aug. 26, 1864. Sergeant Majors Thomas M. Jackson, of Portsmouth. Promoted to Second Lieut. Dec. 16, 1861. Elbridge J. Copp, of Nashua. Promoted to Second Lieut. Jan. 1, 1863. "William L. Dodge, of Hampton. Promoted to Second Lieut. Jan. 4, 1864. George F. Lord, of Newmarket. Resigned warrant and transferred to Company B, March 10, 1864. John H. Thing, of Exeter. Mustered out Aug. 23, 1864. Marquis L. Holt, <3f Nelson. Promoted to Second Lieut. April 6, 1865 Thomas Smith. Mustered out July 20, 1865 Quartermaster Sergeants C. F. Brainard, of Keene. Promoted to Second Lieut. Nov. 17, 1862 Yarnum H. Hill, of Manchester. Promoted to Captain and A. Q. M. Vols., May 19, 1864. George B,. James, of Hampton. Promoted to Second Lieut. Jan. 24, 1865. William A. Swallow, of Nashua. Mustered out June 26, 1865. John Clark, of Keene. Mustered out July 20, 1865. Commissary Sergeants George H. Miner. Mustered out Oct. 4, 1864. George B. Bingham, of Nashua. Promoted Regimental Q. M., Nov. 9^1864. Charles H. Berry, of Claremont. Mustered out July 20, 1865. Hospital Stewards Moody Sawyer, of Concord. Discharged for disability at Hilton Head, S. C., Sept 9, 1862. Perry Kittredge, of Concord. Mustered out Aug. 23, 1864. Albert D. Scovell, of Walpole. Mustered out July 20, 1865, 172 THE GREAT REBELLION. Principal Musicians Harrison B. "Wing, of Manchester- Discharged for disability at Hilton Head, S. C., Sept. 7, 1863. John L. Randall of Deerfield? Discharged for disability May 10, 1862. Michael E. A. Galvin, of Manchester. Mustered out Aug. 23, 1864. Thomas McEnry, of Manchester. Mustered out Aug. 23, 1864. COMPANY OFFICEKS. Co. A. Captains Rufus F. Clark, of Manchester. Resigned Dec. 14, 1863. Orrin M. Dearborn, of Hampton. Mustered out Feb. 11, 1865. James Plaisted, of Portsmouth. Not mustered. Mustered out July 20, 1865. First Lieuts. Alvin H.Libby, of Manchester. Promoted to Adjutant, April 15, 1862. John R. Haynes, of Manchester. Promoted to Quartermaster, Nov. 16, 1862. Daniel J. Flanders, of Nashua. Resigned July 2, 1863. Ruthven "W. Houghton, of Manchester. Promoted to Captain, June 4, 1864 John M. Parker, of Fitzwilliam. Mustered out Oct. 31, 1864. Dustin Marshall, of Manchester. Wounded severely Jan. 15, 1865. Mustered out July 20, 1865. Second Lieuts. John R. Haynes, of Manchester. Promoted to First Lieut. April 15, 1862 Daniel J. Flanders, of Nashua. Transferred to Company E. Ruthven W. Houghton, of Manchester. Promoted to First Lieut. March 15, 1863 John Kirwin, of Manchester. Promoted to First Lieut. July 23, 1863. John M. Head, of Exeter. Honorablv discharged March 24, 1864. George H. Giddings, of Exeter. Wounded slightly Aug. 16, 1864. Promoted to First Lieut. Oct. 12, 1864 Co. B. Captains-^Tohn E. Wilbur, of Exeter. Dismissed May 11, 1863. THIRD ZEGIMENT. 173 Thomas M. Jackson, of Portsmouth. Resigned Aug. 8, 1863. Henry S. Dow, of Lisbon. Mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. Roger "W. Woodbury, of Manchester. Mustered out July 20, 1865. First Lieuts. Henry H. Ayer, of Fisherville. Promoted to Captain Aug. 1, 1862. Andrew J. Fogg, of Exeter. Resigned May 9, 1863. David Wads worth, Jr., of Nashua. Transferred to Company F. John Kirwin, of Manchester. Promoted to Captain, May 24, 1864. William L. Dodge, of Hampton. Mustered out Oct. 16, 1864. Joseph Ackerman, of Nashua. Promoted to Captain Jan. 24, 1865 John S. Bryant, of Exeter. Died of disease, May 23, 1865. Thomas Price, of Barnstead. Not mustered. Mustered out July 20, 1865. Second Lieuts. Andrew J. Fogg, of Exeter. Promoted to First Lieut. June 17, 1862. Jonah Libby, Jr., of Boston, Mass. Promoted to First Lieut. Nov. 16, 1862. Charles F. Brainard, of Keene. Promoted to First Lieut. May 13, 1863. J. Homer Edgerly, of Dover. Promoted to First Lieut. Jan. 2, 1864 Roger W. Woodbury, of Manchester. Promoted to First Lieut. Jan. 4, 1864 Michael J. Connolly, of Manchester. Promoted to First Lieut. Oct. 12, 1864 Co. C. Captains Michael T. Donohoe, of Manchester Promoted to Colonel 10th Regt. Aug. 6, 1862. Robert H. Allen, of Manchester. Honorably discharged June 29, 1864 William H. Trickey, of Wolfeborough. Wounded slightly Sept. 3, 1864. Do. Oct. 27, 1864. Promoted to Major Jan. 7, 1865. Daniel Eldredge, of Lebanon. Declined. Honorably discharged June 22, 1865, to date May 21, 1865, to fcccept appointment in Veteran Reserve Corps. 174 THE GREAT REBELLION. . Joseph Ackerman, of Nashua. Mustered out July 20, 1865 First Lieuts. Robert H. Allen,* of Manchester. Wounded slightly June 16, 1862. Promoted to Captain June 21, 1862. Walter Cody, of Manchester. Wounded severely June 16, 1862. Resigned Nov. 15, 1862. Jonah Libby, Jr., of Boston, Mass. Transferred to Company D. George Stearns, of Nashua. Promoted to Captain Jan. 3, 1864. Roger "W. Woodbury, of Manchester. Promoted to Captain Oct. 28, 1864. Michael P. Donley, of New Ipswich. Promoted to Captain April 16, 1865. Marquis L. Holt, of Nelson. Mustered out July 20, 1865 Second Lieuts. Walter Cody, of Manchester. Wounded slightly June 16, 1862. Promoted to First Lieut. June 1, 1862. Joseph J. Donohoe, of Manchester. Promoted to First Lieut. March 7, 1863. Joseph W. Ackerman, of Hampton. Resigned July 28, 1863. Charles S. Hazen, of Milford. Transferred to Company D. John M. Parker, of Fitzwilliam. Promoted to First Lieut. Jan. 6, 1864. John H. Hitchcock, of Richmond. Promoted to First Lieut. May 24, 1864. Samuel Robinson, of Rochester. Not mustered. Died of wounds June 2, 1864. Michael P. Donley, of New Ipswich. Wounded severely Aug. 16, 1864. Promoted to First Lieut. Oct. 28, 1864. Co. D. Captains Charles F. D unbar, of Hampton. Resigned June 20, 1862. Robert H. Allen, of Manchester. Transferred to Company C. "William II. Maxwell, of Manchester. Wounded severely June 16, 1864. Mustered out Dec. 14, 1864. John S. James, of Hampton. Mustered out July 20, 1865. First Lieuts. W. H. Cornelius, of Portsmouth. Resigned March 14, 1863. Ruthven W. Houghton, of Manchester. Transferred to Company A. THIRD REGIMENT. 175 Jonah Libby, Jr., of Boston, Mass. Promoted to Captain Jan. 2, 1864. J. Homer Edgerly, of Dover.. Promoted to Captain Oct. 1, 1864. James E. McCoy, of Pelham. Wounded Oct. 27, 1864. Promoted to Captain Jan. 4, 1865. James H. Plaisted, of Portsmouth. Promoted to Captain July 20, 1865. William E. Hammett, of Manchester. Not mustered. Mustered out July 20, 1865. Second Lieuts. 0. M. Dearborn, of Hampton. Promoted to First Lieut. June 27, 1862. John M. Head, of Exeter. Transferred to Company A. Charles S. Hazen, of Milford. Promoted to First Lieut. May 24, 1864. William H. Burbank, of Tarn worth. Com. revoked. Transferred to Company G, by order of War Department. Co. E. Captains Josiah I. Plimpton, of Milford. Promoted to Major June 27, 1862. Richard Ela, of Concord. Killed at Drury s Bluff, Va., May 13, 1864. Andrew J. Wadlia, of Wolfeborough. Wounded severely Aug. 16, 1864. Discharged on account of wounds Feb. 10, 1865. Michael P. Donley, of ^NTew Ipswich. Mustered out July 20, 1865. First Lieuts. Richard Ela, of Concord. Promoted to Captain April 15, 1862. John F. Langley, of Nottingham. Resigned July 3, 1862. Orrin M. Dearborn, of Hampton. Transferred to Company H. William H. Trickey, of Wolfeborough. Promoted to Captain July^7, 1864. Daniel Eldredge, of Lebanon. Wounded severely Aug. 16, 1864. Promoted to Captain Jan. 4, 1865. Edwin N". Bowen, of Richmond. Transferred to Company K. Walter J. Richards, of Manchester. Not mustered. Mustered out July 20, 1866. Second Lieuts. Geo. W. Jackson, of Concord. Resigned Dec. 16, 1861 176 THE GREAT REBELLION. Thomas M. Jackson, of Portsmouth. Promoted to First Lieut. Aug. 1, 1862. Daniel I. Flanders, of Nashua. Promoted to First Lieut. Nov. 16, 1862. David Wadsworth, Jr., of Nashua. - Promoted to First Lieut. May 13, 1863. Eugene J. Button, of Nashua. Transferred to Company F. J. Homer Edgerly, of Dover. Promoted to First Lieut. Jan. 2, 1864. John H. Tredick, of Portsmouth. Wounded severely June 16, 1864. Died of wounds July 6, 1864. (Jo. F. Captains James F. Randlett, of Nashua. Promoted to Major April 6, 1864. David Wads worth, Jr., of Nashua. Wounded slightly May 16, 1864. Discharged for disability Sept. 24, 1864. J. Homer Edgerly, of Dover. Appointed Major U. S. Vols. by brevet, for gallant and meritorious conduct at the storming of Fort Fisher, N. C., to date from March 13, 1865. Mustered out July 20, 1865. First Lieuts. Charles S. Burnham, of Nashua. Promoted to Captain June 27, 1862. Henry A. Marsh, of Nashua. Resigned Dec. 31, 1862. George Stearns, of Nashua. Transferred to Company C. David Wadsworth, Jr., of Nashua Promoted to Captain April 6, 1864. Charles S. Hazen, of Milford. Wounded severely May 13, 1864. Honorably discharged Dec. 17, 1864. Fred. H. Tuttle, of Milton. Mustered out July 20, 1865. Second Lieuts. Henry A. Marsh, of Nashua. Wounded slightly June 16, 1862. Promoted to First Lieut. July 4, 1862. George Stearns, of Nashua. Promoted to First Lieut. Jan. 1, 1863. Elbridge J. Copp, of Nashua. Promoted to Adjutant July 20, 1863. Eugene J. Button, of Nashua. Promoted to First Lieut. Jan. 3, 1864. William L. Dodge, of Hampton. Promoted to First Lieut. May 24, 1864. Joseph Ackerman, of Nashua. Wounded Aug. 16, 1864. Promoted to First Lieut. Oct. 28, 1864. THIRD REGIMENT. 177 Walter Hellish, of Keene. Promoted to First Lieut. April 6, 1865. James Quinlan, of Manchester. Mustered out July 20, 1865. Co. G. Captains Pierce L. Wiggin, of Ossipee. Resigned April 14, 1862. Richard Ela, of Concord. Transferred to Company E. George W. Emrnons, of Lebanon. Resigned Sept. 18, 1863. Jonah Libby, Jr., of Boston, Mass. Wounded severely June 11, 1864. Discharged on account of wounds Oct. 19, 1864. Charles A. White, of Manchester. Mustered out July 20, 1865. First Lieuts. George W. Emmons, of Lebanon. Promoted to Captain April 2, 1862. Henry C. Handerson, of Keene. Promoted to Captain March 7, 1863. Joseph J. Donohoe, of Manchester. Honorably discharged April 14, 1863. Leonard F. Place, of Rochester. Resigned July 22, 1863. Andrew J. Wacllia, of Wolfeborough. Promoted to Captain May 24, 1864. Charles A. White, of Manchester. Wounded severely Aug. 16, 1864. Promoted to Captain Nov. 9, 1864. Arlon S. Atherton, of Richmond, Promoted to Captain May 15, 1865. George R. James, of Hampton. Not mustered. Mustered out July 20, 1865. Second Lieuts. Henry C. Handerson, of Keene. Promoted to First Lieut. April 2, 1862. Darius K. Scruton, of Salmon Falls. Wounded July 16, 1862. Died of wounds Aug. 8, 1862. Andrew J. Wadlia, of Wolfeborough, Promoted to First Lieut. June 14, 1863. Roger W. Woodbury, of Manchester. Transferred to Company B. Simon N". Lamprey, of Exeter. Promoted to First Lieut. Jan. 5, 1864. William Davis. Honorably discharged Sept. 4, 1864. 178 THE GREAT REBELLION. Co. H. Captains Robert C. Dow, of Manchester. Resigned June 21, 1862. "Welbee J. Butterfield, of J)over. Transferred to Company K. Henry H. Ayer, of Fisherville. Wounded severely Aug. 26, 1863. Killed at Drury s Bluff, Va., \iay 16, 1864. John Kirwin, of Manchester Mustered out Nov. 11, 1864. James E. McCoy, of Pelham. Mustered out July 20, 1865. First Lieuts. Wm. H. Maxwell, of Manchester. Promoted to Captain June 17, 1862. Andrew J. Fogg, of Exeter. Transferred to Company B, June 17, 1862. Thomas M. Jackson, of Portsmouth. Promoted to Captain May 13, 1863. Charles F. Brainard, of Keene. Resigned Aug. 10, 1863. Orrin M. Dearborn, of Hampton. Promoted to Captain Dec. 15, 1863. Frank L. Merrill, of Manchester. Died of wounds July 13, 1864. John S. James, of Hampton. Promoted to Captain April 6, 1865. Walter Mellish, of "Keene. Mustered out July 20, 1865. Second Lieuts. J. F. Langley, of Nottingham. Promoted to "First Lieut. April 15, 1862. Joseph C. Wiggin, of Sandwich. Killed Aug. 22, 1862. Henry F. Hopkins, of Manchester. Honorably discharged April 17, 1863. Frank L. Morrill, of Manchester. Promoted to First Lieut. May 24, 1864. James E. McCoy, of Pelham. Wounded slightly June 16, 1864. Promoted to First Lieut. Oct. 13, 1864. William Hammett, of Manchester. Promoted to First Lieut. July 20, 1865. Co. I. Captains "Ralph Carl ton, of Farmington. Wounded severely June 16, 1862. Died of wounds" July 17, 1862. "William H. Maxwell, of Manchester. Transferred to Company D. THIRD REGIMENT. 179 Charles S. Burnham of Nashua. Honorably discharged Dec. 6, 1863. Ruthven W. Houghton, of Manchester. Honorably discharged Oct. 24, 1864. John H. Hitchcock, of Richmond.- Not mustered. Dismissed March 3, 1865. Arlon S. Atherton, of Richmond. Not mustered. Mustered out July 20, 1865. First Lieuts. John II. Thompson, of Holderness. Died of disease Aug. 27, 1862. Henry S. Dow, of Lisbon. Promoted to Captain Jan. 1, 1864. Eugene J. Button, of Nashua, Killed at Drury s Bluff, Va., May 16, 1864. John H. Hitchcock, of Richmond. Promoted to Captain Jan. 4, 1865. Jesse C. Pushee, of Nashua. Mustered out July 20, 1865. Second Lieuts. Samuel M. Smith, of Keene. Promoted to First Lieut. June 22, 1862. Leonard F. Place, of Rochester. Promoted to First Lieut. April 15, 1863. William M. Trickey, of Wolfeborough. Promoted to First Lieut. Jan. 1, 1864. Charles A. White, of Manchester. Promoted to First Lieut. May 24, 1864. John S. James, of Hampton. Promoted to First Lieut. Oct. 28, 1864. James M. Chase, of Concord. Not mustered. Discharged for disability July 7, 1865. Co. K Captains Israel B. Littlefield, of Dover. Resigned April 1, 1862. George W. Emmons, of Lebanon. Transferred to Company G. Welbee J. Butterfield, of Dover. Resigned March 6, 1863. Henry C. Handerson, of Keene. Resigned Sept. 18, 1863. George Stearns, of Nashua. * Mustered out Oct. 31, 1864. George H. Giddings, of Exeter. Mustered out July 20, 1865. First Lieuts. Welbee J. Butterfield, of Dover. Promoted to Captain June 22, 1862. 180 THE GREAT REBELLION. Samuel M. Smith, of Keene. Resigned June 13, 1863. Andrew J. Wadlia, of Wolfeborough. Transferred to Company G. Simon N". Lamprey, of Exeter. Killed at Deep Run, Va., Aug. 16, 1864. George II. Giddings, of Exeter. Promoted to Captain Jan. 4, 1865. Edwin N". Bowen, of Richmond. Mustered out July 20, 1865 Second Lieuts. William II. Miles, Madbury. Resigned Feb. 6, 1862 Henry S. Dow, of Lisbon. Transferred to Company I. Marshall P. Hawkins, of Fitzwilliam. Resigned Nov. 28, 1863. Daniel Eldredge, of Lebanon. Promoted to First Lieut. July 7, 1864. Arlon S. Atherton, of Richmond. Wounded and captured Aug. 16, 1864. Released. Promoted to First Lieut. Nov. 9, 1864. I All the field officers had had experience in the army, and some of them had been under fire. Col. Fellows was educated at West Point Military Academy, had held several commissions in the State Militia, and was Adjutant of the First Regiment. Lieut. Colonel Jack son served as Lieutenant and Captain in the Mexican war, was in several battles, and had held commissions the highest that of Colonel in the State Militia. Ma- O jor Bedel also served in the Mexican war, having en listed as a private, and rose to the rank of Lieutenant, by reason of meritorious conduct. They brought to their positions what was much needed at that time knowledge of their duties in field and camp. The regi ment was composed of ood men, well officered, and the State expected from it much honor, as well as use fulness to the service, nor was it in any way disap pointed. THIRD REGIMENT. 181 COLONEL JOHN H. JACKSON. Colonel Jackson is a son of John A. H. Jackson, of Portsmouth. He was born at that place on the 20th of October, 1814. He was appointed Lieutenant in the First Regiment New Hampshire Militia, in 1841, and rose step by step to be Colonel of the same in 1848. On the 9th of April, 1847, he was appointed First Lieuten ant of the Ninth Regiment, United States Army, and accompanied his regiment on its march to the City of Mexico, being in all the battles in the Valley of Mexico, and was brevetted for gallant services on the 19th and 30th of August, 1847, at the battles of Contreras and Churubusco, and commissioned Captain Feb. 17, 1848. He was mustered out of service the following August. After the fall of Chepultepec, the Ninth Regiment pressed forward to the Aqueduct, under a shower of shot and shells. An escapet-ball hit Lieut. Jackson in the breast and glanced off to the ground. It struck a Bible he carried in his breast pocket, the gift of a sis ter as he left home. The Bible was deeply but obliquely indented by the ball, and to it he owed the preservation of his life. Col. Jackson was an inspector in the Boston Custom House from 1853 to 1861. On the 6th of Au gust of the same year he was appointed Lieut. Colonel of the Third Regiment, and Colonel of the same on the resignation of Col. Fellows, in June, 1862, which posi tion he held until Feb. 24, 1864, when he was honorably discharged. His life in the war of the rebellion, from August, 1861, to the date of his discharge forms a part of the history of the Third Regiment. On the 1st of January, 1867, Col. Jackson was appointed an Inspector in the Boston Custom House, which position he now holds. He was removed by Collector Goodrich, in 1861, and by him re-appointed to the same position in 1867, as a reward for services rendered the country. 182 THE GREAT REBELLION. GENERAL JOHN BEDEL. General Bedel, of Bath, is a son of G$n. Moody Bedel. He was born on the 8th of July, 1822, at Indian Stream Territory, what is now Pittsburg. He was educated at Newbury, Vermont, Seminary, read law with Hon. Harry Hibbard, of Bath, and was admitted to the Graf- ton County bar in 1850. He enlisted as a private in the Ninth Regiment United States Infantry, ^farch 25, 1847, and was soon promoted to First Sergeant of Company H. He was discharged at Vera Cruz, Aug. 8, 1847, on account of disability. Dec. 30, 1847, he was appointed Second Lieutenant in the same regiment, and served until August, 1848, when he was honorably discharged. For some years subsequent to the Mexican war he was clerk in one of the Departments at Washington. Au gust 6, 1861, he was appointed Major of the Third Regi ment, and at once entered upon the duties of his position, with great energy and industry. On the resignation of Col. Fellows, in June, 1862, Major Bedel was promoted to Lieut. Colonel ; and while prisoner of war, April 6, 1864, to Colonel of the same regiment. He was wounded by a solid shot at Morris Island, on the 10th of June, 1863. He returned to duty on the 16th, and was cap tured far in advance of his men, in the night assault up on Fort Wagner, Morris Island, July 18, 1863, and was not paroled until Dec. 10, 1864 remaining in the hands of the enemy nearly seventeen months was declared exchanged, at Annapolis, Md., March 31, 1864, and re turned to his regiment at Wilmington, 1ST. C., as Colonel, on the llth of April, 1865. He was appointed Briga dier General United States Volunteers, by Brevet, " for gallant and meritorious services, to date from March 13, 1865." He served with distinction through the war, and was mustered out with his regiment, July 20, 1865. THIRD REGIMENT. 183 When taken prisoner, Gen. Bedel was carried to Richland County Jail and South Carolina Penitentiary, at Columbus, S. C. While the exposure of the prisoners confined here to the elements was not as severe as those confined at Belle Isle, Andersonville and Salisbury, they were almost continually threatened with being shot, hung, or exposed on the ramparts of Fort Sumter. The prisoners were kept in close confinement, robbed, starved, exposed to cold without fuel, shot at and shot into for attempting to escape, and then put in irons and solitary confinement for months, as a punishment. Col. Bedel was put in solitary confinement and so kept five months, from the 7th of March to the 7th of August, 1864, for not submitting with sufficient docility to his treatment. Capt. Shadrach T. Harris, of the East Ten nessee Cavalry, was kept in irons twenty-six months, but they did not dare to carry their threats to shoot and hang him into execution. Col. Bedel probably suffered no more than others who were confined in the same prison, and perhaps not as much as some ; but his suf ferings from cold, hunger, solitude and threats of death in every shape, and his feelings when, after seventeen months of such confinement, he was paroled and sent into our lines, may be more easily imagined than de scribed. When the war was over, Gen. Bedel returned to his home, in Bath, where he still resides, and enjoys the confidence and respect of a large circle of warm friends and acquaintances. He represented his town in the popular branch of the Legislature in 1868 and 1869, and was the candidate of the democrats for Governor in 1869, receiving the full vote of his party. To him, as much as to any single man, belongs the credit of mak ing the Third one of the most efficient, brave and hon ored regiment that went from New Hampshire during the four years war of the rebellion. 184 THE GREAT REBELLION. By act of Congress of July 22d, 1861, the President was authorized to call for volunteers, not to exceed 500,000 in all. He gave Gen. T. W. Sherman authority to organize a secret expeditionary Corps. The Third New Hampshire Regiment was assigned to this corps, and was the first in the field. On the 3d of September, 1861, the Third Regiment struck tents and took transportation for Camp Winfield Scott, on Long Island, !N". Y., with ten hundred and thirty- one officers and men, fully equipped and armed with Enfield rifled muskets, where they arrived next day. The Band was full and excellent ; the camp and garrison equipage abundant and substantial ; the trans portation ninety horses and twenty-five wagons of a superior quality, hardly surpassed by that of any volun teer regiment which took the field during the rebellion; the hospital department thoroughly organized and sup plied with all the requisites for the preservation of the health of the troops ; the means complete for preparing food for the men properly and speedily ; nor were the means of mental and moral culture neglected. The regiment lacked nothing but that experience which every volunteer organization must acquire in the field before it is fitted for active campaigning. Camp Winfield Scott was designed as a camp of in struction for the corps of sixteen or more regiments. The Third was the first to arrive and had its choice of quarters. In it were many officers and men who had previously seen service, which was a great aid in disci plining the regiment and instructing the men in acquir ing soldierly habits. Late on the 14th of September orders were received for the regiment to be ready in fifteen minutes to leave for parts unknown. It took cars accordingly, leaving behind all but arms and equipments, and at midnight on the 15th was landed at the depot in Washington, D. THIRD REGIMENT. 185 C., and next day went into camp near the Congres sional burying ground. The United States took posses sion of the tents, horses, wagons and camp equipage, and they were never returned to the regiment. While at Long Island, the ladies of Hampton Plains had made arrangements to present the regiment with a stand of national colors, as a compliment to its discipline and good conduct, and a delegation of gentlemen was sent with it to Washington, where it was presented by Dr. Scudder, in behalf of the ladies. The source from whence it came and the cause of its presentation endeared it to every soldier in the regiment, and its rent, perforated and tattered folds, deposited in the State House at Concord, attest with what gallantry it was borne and guarded by its grateful recipients. At Washington the Third Regiment was joined by the 8th Maine, and 46th, 47th and 48th New York, and together composed the First Brigade of Sherman s Division. The President visited the regiment and com plimented it in very high terms for its fine appearance. On the 4th of October the regiment moved to An napolis, Md. While there Mrs. Gen. Veile, presented it with a stand of national colors, Gov. Hicks, of Md., speaking in behalf of the donor, as follows : COL. FELLOWS Dear Sir : Allow me to present to you and your command this rich emblem a gift from the accomplished and patriotic Mrs. Brig. Gen. Yeile. Col. Fellows took the colors, unfurled them to the view of his command, and the large number of specta tors, military and civil, who had been invited to be pres ent, and responded as follows : Gov. HICKS, GENTLEMEN, AND FELLOW-SOLDIERS The First Regiment New Hampshire Volunteers (three months soldiers), on their way to Washington passing through the city of New York, were met by a delegation of Sons 186 THE GREAT REBELLION. of New Hampshire, residents of that city, and presented a beautiful stand of colors. I had the honor of being a member of that regiment, and we all felt very proud to receive the emblem of our nationality from such a source. "We carried that banner with pride through that cam paign. Being honorably discharged, we took it with us up to our home among the old granite hills of New Hampshire. Our country still bleeding, the call of duty was imperative, and this regiment was immediately or ganized ; and on our way to the seat of war, we en camped a few days at Long Island, near the town of Hempstead, from which quiet village we had the honor and great pleasure of receiving a beautiful flag, as a testi mony of respect, from the ladies residing there. What adds still more to the importance of that gift, is the fact that we* did not stay long enough to have the flag fin ished, but received it in Washington, through a dele gation of prominent citizens, headed by the Rev. Dr. Scudder. During our stay in the city of "Washington of about two weeks, a beautiful and accomplished lady in the person of Mrs. Brig. Gen. Yeile appears in camp, like a bright oasis in a barren desert, remaining with her husband, our gallant Brigadier, long enough to observe some of the hardships of a soldier s life and appreciate his sacrifices ; then quietly leaving her husband for her beautiful home on the shore of Long Island, and us in forgetfulness as we supposed ; but no, though far away she still remembers, and as a token of that remembrance and of respect, sends us this beautiful flag, " Oh, long may it wave O er the land of the free and the home of the brave." This is the third time a New Hampshire regiment has received a flag from citizens of New York. One from a number of gentlemen, one from a small society of ladies, and this magnificent one from a single lady. Fellow- THIRD REGIMENT. 187 soldiers, what mean these gifts? I will tell you. It shows that you have made a favorable impression as a regiment, wherever you have been, and now the ques tion comes, shall we maintain the reputation we have ? I answer for you, we will try. And now, sir, in behalf of this regiment, I beg through you, to thank Mrs. Yeile for this splendid token of her consideration ; also I pray convey to her the assurance that with God s blessing we will return with this flag waving triumphantly over us, or die beneath its folds. The flag cost in New York city $300.00. The fringe is of gold, very heavy, and the staff trimmings of pure silver. Upon one piece is engraven, " Presented to Col. Fellows regiment, 3d K H., by Mrs. Veile." This flag was riddled with bullets in the memorable battle of Deep Run, Aug. 16, 1-864. It was followed by a band of as valiant men as ever received their nations ensign from the hands of fair ladies, and has been safely deposited beside the other war worn, battle stained flags of the regiment in the State House. On the 18th the Third Regiment went on board Gen. Sherman s flagship Atlantic, and left the harbor on the 19th for Fortress Monroe, arriving there, the next day, where they remained until the 29th, when they sailed for Port Royal, and after experiencing a most terrific gale, made that harbor on the 4th of November. After a council of Gen. Sherman and other officers it was de termined not to land any troops until the forts on each side of the river should be reduced by the Navy. On the 7th the bombardment commenced in earnest, was grand beyond description and the rebels were com pletely shelled out. The Third landed on the 9th, went into camp in a cotton and corn field, and in clearing a camp and drill ground burned a large quantity of cot ton. 188 THE GREAT REBELLION. Colonel Fellows issued the following Thanksgiving Proclamation. At the dinner sentiments were offered by representatives from New Hampshire, and responded to with spirit. The occasion was much enjoyed by the regiment and others who participated in the exercises : HEADQUARTERS 3d 1ST. H. V., \ Hilton Head, S. C., Nov. 28, 1861. / According to the custom of our fathers I propose to observe this day after New England fashion. For al though we are now in South Carolina, we can not for get that we are citizens of New Hampshire. I sincerely congratulate you, fellow-soldiers, on your good conduct and obedience to orders, and above all on your reputation as a regiment. Let us therefore, on account of the innumerable bless ings by which we have been and are still surrounded, offer up our hearts in thanksgiving and praise to that Being who orders all things well. And may the time soon come when we can bid farewell to war s dread alarms and return to the quiet pursuits of peaceful life. You will be excused to-day from all unnecessary drill and parade. E. Q. FELLOWS, COLONEL. From the 9th of November to the 10th of December, the regiment was engaged in drilling, doing picket and guard duty and furnishing working details on the en trenchments. Dec. 31st, the 47th and 48th New York regiments were ordered to report to Gen. Stevens to take part in an expedition against the enemy s works at Port Koyal Ferry, on the Coosaw River. The former regiment having but one field officer, Major Bedel was ordered to accompany the expedition. The object was fully accomplished by the aid of gun boats, after a two days fight, Jan. 1st and 2d, 1862. The enemy s works THIRD REGIMENT. 189 were captured and dismantled, one fortification gun se cured, and all buildings used as quarters burned. The troops engaged received the thanks of the General com manding the department, in general orders. This was the first real engagement of the land forces in the De partment of the South. January 29th, 1862, Capt. Donohoe, with a platoon of forty men from his company, was ordered to report on board the steamer McClellan, Gen. Sherman s flagship and headquarters, to act as a body guard, and did not return to the regiment until about the first of February. The 48th JSTew York having gone on an expedition un der Gen. Yeile, the 55th Pennsylvania regiment was assigned to the first brigade. During the month of February all the troops, except the Third ISTew Hamp shire arid five companies of the 8th Maine regiment, had left Hilton Head for duty elsewhere. March 18th, Gen. Sherman having left for Fernandina, Fla., Col. Fellows, being in command of the Post, or dered Lieut. Col. Jackson to make a reconnoisance in the direction of Blulfton, with all the available men of the regiment, leaving Major Bedel, much to his dis pleasure, in command of the camp. The regiment was accompanied by two field pieces and a detachment of the 3d Rhode Island Artillery. About three o clock on the morning of the 10th they took water transportation and made for White House Point, where companies A and F were ordered to put in and remain quiet until daylight, while the balance of the command was to land at another point further on. This disposition resulted in the capture of four of the enemy s pickets, without firing a gun. The command took boats and proceeded to Bull Island. On the 22(1 the largest portion of the command proceeded to Bluffton, where a company of rebel cavalry was posted, which evacuated the place at the first fire. The command returned to camp on the 24th. 190 THE GREAT REBELLION. On the night of the 28th of March the enemy made a demonstration on Edisto Island, surprised the 55th Pennsylvania, posted there, killed two and captured twenty-three of the regiment. Major Bedel, happening to be at Edisto, volunteered to accompany a field piece and ninety men of the 47th New York, to re-enforce Col. White, of the 55th Pennsylvania, then engaged with the enemy, about ten miles from Col. Moore s headquarters. He joined Col. White in season to aid him in forcing the enemy to retire from Edisto and Little Edisto Islands, and reported to Col. Moore before midnight. The 55th Pennsylvania afterward abandoned its post and retired to the vicinity of the 47th New York. Gen. Hunter, who had just relieved Gen. Sher man in the command of the Department, ordered the Third New Hampshire, Col. Fellows, to re-occupy the abandoned post at once. The regiment left Hilton Head on the 3d of April by steamer, and landed on Edisto the same night, and the next day marched across the island to its new quarters. Col. Fellows was ranking officer, in command of the Post, and did not accompany the regiment. Four pieces of the 3d Rhode Island Artil lery, Capt. Day, joined the command. Two companies under Major Bedel, with one piece of Capt. Day s bat tery, were stationed about a mile in front of Regimental Headquarters, toward Jehossie Island; one company, under Capt. Donohoe, was stationed near the south Edisto river; one, under Capt. Dow, was detailed as provost guard at Post Headquarters, and other com panies were variously disposed of in similar duties until the 1st of June, Meantime a demonstration was made by Major Bedel, about the 10th of April, on the enemy s pickets at Watt s Cut, but with strict orders not to bring on an engagement. Two or three days afterward a reconnoisance in force was made by Lieut. Col. Jackson at the same point, the rebel pickets driven in and their THIRD REGIMENT. 191 breastworks leveled. On the 17th a simultaneous ad vance was made by the Third New Hampshire and Forty-seventh New York, on Jehossie Island, and the enemy driven in. Several other reconnoisances were made on Jehossie and Bonny Hall islands. On the 23d of April Col. Fellows was relieved by Gen. "Wright, and left for home on a sixty days fur lough. He resigned, his resignation was accepted on the 26th of June, and he did not return to the regiment. On the 27th Lieut. Col. Jackson was promoted to Col onel, Major Bedel to Lieut. Colonel, and Capt. Josiah I. Plimpton, of Co. E, to Major. Soon after Gen. Hunter had relieved Gen. Sherman of the command, the department w r as divided into two parts, the northern division, in which the Third was serving being under the command of Gen. Benham. The regiment was brigaded with the First Massachu setts Cavalry, Third Rhode Island Artillery, and Sor- rell s New York Volunteer Engineers, which was known as the " Division Headquarters Brigade," and was com manded by Col. Robert Williams, of the First Massachu setts Cavalry, he being the ranking officer. On the 4th of May seventeen recruits joined the regiment. On the 1st of June an order was received for the Third, and Forty-seventh New York to report before daylight the next morning at Post Headquarters, ten miles distant, which done they were ordered to cross the North Edisto river to John s Island, and follow Col. Williams, whom they overtook after a hard march, through rain and mud, of seven miles. On the morning of the 4th the command marched for Legareville, twelve miles, in a tremendous storm and dense darkness, through mud and water half-leg deep. Arrived at their place of destination they found that Gen. Stevens, who went by water, had, with the aid of gunboats, already driven the rebels from some of their batteries and effected a land- 192 THE GREAT REBELLION. ing on James Island, having taken three guns and dis abled another. On the 6th the command crossed to James Island, and on the 7th was sent to relieve the advanced pickets. During the night it was ordered to make a sudden dash on the rebel pickets and gain any information practica ble as to the enemy s strength and position. Major Be del was field officer of the day in command of the pickets, and was directed to detail one company to go forward to a house occupied by the rebels, and within their picket lines. Capt. Plimpton s Company E, was selected, and at once went forward to the house, the enemy retiring before them. At a concerted signal Companies C, D, and K, moved forward to the support of Company E ; but as strong works and many mounted guns could be seen, further advance was not deemed practicable. In the afternoon the experiment was repeated, for the pur pose of drawing the enemy s fire. Capt. Donohoe s Company C, moved rapidly forward and passed the house, supported by portions of the regiment and a squad of Cavalry. The enemy opened fire, from his batteries, and as the Third retired he followed so closely that the line was forced back some distance. The ground was, however, retaken, and the regiment was soon after relieved and ordered to join Col. Williams Brigade, two miles -further to the left. On the 10th a brisk fight took place between the pickets under Col. Guss, of the 79th Pennsylvania, and a regiment of the enemy, which advanced too far in re- connoitering our lines. Major Bedel was present at the picket line when the enemy made his appearance, vol unteered to act as aid to Col. Guss, and participated in the fight, and himself captured four prisoners, including a Captain of a Georgia Regiment, with his sword, belt, and pistol, and captured and brought in seven muskets. Col. Williams gave him permission to retain the Cap- THIRD REGIMENT. 193 tain s arms and one musket. Fifteen of the enemy were killed and found on the field, seven wounded and taken prisoners, two of whom died, and it was reported that sixty-five others were wounded ; while the loss on our side was three killed and twelve wounded. On the 16th of June the Third Kegiment received its first baptism in blood. Gen. Benham had ordered an advance on Secessionville, about two miles from camp. Gen. Stevens commenced the attack on the " Marsh Battery " before daylight, and was repulsed three times before the division of Gen. Wright was en gaged. A battalion of the Third Rhode Island was sent forward as skirmishers, and the Third New Hampshire was ordered to support it and the Ninety-seventh Penn sylvania, which were said to be in front. On coming within rifle-shot of the rebel batteries no troops were found in front, and the regiment was therefore halted. It proved that the two regiments mentioned had ob liqued to the right, and came *out in front of Stevens 5 division. The Third was thrown forward as near the enemy s battery as a marsh and creek intervening would admit, and opened fire, silencing every gun in the bat tery and driving the enemy out with so hot a fire that not a gun could be loaded or discharged for an hour. In reaching this position the regiment was enfiladed by a field battery with grape and canister. A fort to its left and rear opened with shell and round shot. Mus ketry from the rear soon followed, and finally shells from Gen. Stevens battery, and from gunboats in Stono river, intended for the enemy s marsh battery, fell, in stead, into the ranks of the Third. Efforts were made to secure re-enforcements to the regiment, or some artil lery, to silence the enemy s fire in the rear, but without avail. The Third lay within forty yards of the rebel fort, and would have crossed the stream, had it been fordable, and easily taken the works; but large re-en- 194 THE GREAT REBELLION. forcements were brought in from Charleston, by the enemy, and the guns of the men got so foul as in many cases to be useless ; and it appearing to be of no advan tage to hold the position longer, Lieut. Col. Jackson gave the order to retire, which was accomplished in good or der, and soon after the regiment returned to camp. The brigade commander, Col. Williams, in a letter to Gov. Berry, of New Hampshire, said : " I do not believe it possible for men to have acted with more courage, and I desire particularly to call your attention to the marked gallantry of Lieut. Col. Jackson, Major Bedel, and Capt. Plimpton. Their conduct was even noticed by the enemy, as it was afterward stated at a flag of truce." Capt. Plimpton was acting Major at this time. The regiment went into the fight with twenty-six offi cers and five hundred and ninety-seven men, of whom one hundred and four were killed and wounded. Capt. Ralph Carlton, a gallant and promising officer, was hit in both legs by a solid shot, and died the same day. Lieut. I). K. Scruton w r as wounded in the hand and arm, and died of his wounds on the 8th of the following Au gust. Lieut. Walter Cody was severely -wounded in the thigh. Lieut. Henry C. Ilanderson was wounded se verely, and Lieuts. R. H. Allen and H. A. Marsh slightly. Lieut. S. M. Smith had his shoulder strap shot off, and Lieut. John R. Haynes had his boot leg ripped open with a musket ball. Col. Jackson mentioned, as partic ularly deserving notice, besides the field officers, Cap tains Donohoe, Wilbur and Randlett, Adjutant Libby and Sergeant Major Copp. The regiment went into the battle eagerly and retreated reluctantly. It behaved so well as to command respect, and received the commend ation of all. It won a name for valor that will never be forgotten so long as the rebellion is remembered. The failure was solely for want of good generalship. Upon the return of Gen. Hunter, who had been temporarily THIRD REGIMENT. 195 absent from the Department, Gen. Benham was sent to Washington under arrest. After spending a fortnight in busy preparation for shelling the enemy out by regular approaches, an order was received to evacuate the island. The regiment, except Co. C, then on picket, embarked July 2d, on steamer Cosmopolitan, and landed at Hilton Head the next day, where it was soon joined by Co. C. Three men deserted from Co. II to the enemy on the 6th of August, On the morning of the 21st the enemy sur prised Co. H, on Pinkney Island, killed Lieut. Joseph C. Wiggin, commanding the company, and two privates; wounded three privates, two of whom subsequently died, and captured thirty-six men with their arms. Disease, incident to the climate, prevailed to a great extent and deaths were frequent. Lieut. John II. Thompson, com missary of the regiment, died on the 27th of August, honored and lamented. One hundred and seven re cruits joined the regiment from the 13th of September to the 21st of October, about which time Lieut. Col. Jackson, Major Bedel and Capt. Plimpton received commissions promoting them to Colonel, Lieut. Colonel and Major, respectively, dated June 27, 1862. Gen. Hunter was relieved by Gen. 0. M. Mitchell. The regiment under Col. Jackson, accompanied an expedition, under Gen. Brannan, up Broad river, with the design of burning certain bridges on the railroad from Charleston to Savannah, and participated in the battle of Pocotaligo, on the 22d of October, having three men wounded. On this expedition Lieut. Samuel M. Smith, with twelve men of his company and eight oarsmen from a gunboat, landed and captured a rebel Lieutenant and three men, with their arms and equip ments, and three horses. The main object of the expe dition failed, and the regiment returned to camp at Hilton Head, on the 23d. Yellow fever prevailed to 196 THE GREAT REBELLION. some extent, and on the 30th Gen. Mitchell fell a vic tim, and was succeeded in command of the Department by Gen. Brannan, until the return of Gen. Hunter, in January, 1863. On the 16th of February a movement was commenced against Charleston. Six companies of the Third were advanced on Pinkney Island, and intrenched them selves. On the 3d of April, an expedition having been organized, the Third embarked on board steamers. On the 7th the navy, under Commodore Dupont, com menced a bombardment of Fort Sumter and other batteries in Charleston harbor, which continued from three until five o clock in the afternoon, which was all of any moment that was done against Charleston at this time. The Third, with other troops of the expedition returned to their old camp at Hilton Head, left on the 16th of February. On the 3d of July, the regiment, with all its baggage, embarked on board the steamer Boston, sailed for Stono Inlet, landed on Folly Island before daylight the next morning, and went into camp. On the evening of the 9th, the rest of the brigade having arrived, the Third and other regiments embarked in small boats, intend ing to surprise the enemy s batteries and capture their garrison. They rowed quietly up Folly river, and at daybreak next morning came in sight of the enemy s works on Morris Island. Sunrise was the signal for at tack both by water batteries and the land force. As the sun appeared our batteries opened with a tremendous crash, taking the enemy entirely by surprise. The shots from their batteries were wild and uncertain : and they were at a loss whether to devote their attention to the monitors on one side, the flotilla of boats on the other, or the batteries in front. A detachment of the Seventh Connecticut was sent on shore to reconnoiter, but were driven back to their boats. The battalion of THIRD REGIMENT. 197 the Seventh, was then landed at another point, supported by four companies of the Forty-eighth New York, and the Third New Hampshire, and the enemy was driven from his rifle pits and his batteries at the lower end of the island, making no stand till he reached Fort Wag ner, at the other extreme. Eleven siege guns and mor tars, with two hundred prisoners were captured. In this affair the Third behaved with great gallantry. Its loss was nine killed and thirty-one wounded. Lieut. Col. Bedel was struck while in front of the regiment, by a partially spent shell from Fort Wagner, and se verely contused in the legs and body, but insisted upon remaining in the field until it was decided that no further advance was to be made that night, when, by order of Assistant Surgeon Kimball, he was carried to Folly Island with the other wounded. On the morning of the llth, an attack was ordered on Fort Wagner, in which the Third was part of the re serve; but the movement was not made. From this time until the 15th, the regiment held an advanced posi tion, under a continuous shelling from Wagner, Cum- mings Point and Sumter. On the 12th one man was killed and two were wounded. On the 15th the Third was relieved. On the 16th Lieut. Colonel Bedel, though not recovered from the wound received on the 10th, re turned to duty with the regiment. THE CHARGE ON FORT WAGNER. On the 18th of July, 1863, occurred the celebrated charge on Fort Wagner. The Third was at first posted at the headquarters of General Seymour, the division commander. Just at night, when dispositions were made for the assault, it was ordered to form in rear of the Sixth Connecticut, and moved to the flank of one the batteries, where it lay down to escape the fire of the 198 THE GREAT REBELLION. enemy. The Third was on the left of the brigade. In the advance a small creek was encountered, which at that time was flooded by the tide. At this point Col. Jackson ordered Lieut. Col. Bedel to go ahead and see if the ground was practicable. While doing so the enemy opened with artillery and small arms from the fort upon the advancing column with terrible effect, crowded as it was on the narrow neck of sand constitu ting the only approach. Many of the Fifty-fourth were cut down in an instant, and the organization of the regi ment totally annihilated. The Third took cover under some sand knolls, and failed to follow where the Lieut. Colonel had been ordered to go, and when he turned to communicate the fact that the ground was passable it was nowhere to be seen by him. He, discovering a party of the enemy which was outside the fort, hurrying toward an entrance to the right of it, mistook them for a party of his regiment, or at least a portion of the at tacking column, sought to join them in the anticipated capture of a gun near the flag-staff which was particu larly annoying and fatal to the column ; but upon getting near enough to distinguish persons in the dark, found his supposed friends to be enemies, and in attempting to flee from them was driven into the creek, captured and taken into the fort. The regiment was ordered to halt by Col. Jackson, and failed to advance to the fort, and was finally withdrawn under orders from Gen. Strong. The failure was attributable to no soldier in the regiment. Every man would have gallantly fol lowed any commander who would have led him. The loss to the regiment was fifty-five killed, wounded and missing. Among the killed was Adjutant Libby, one of the most gallant officers of the regiment, who was serving as assistant adjutant general on General Strong s staff. Col. Jackson, Captains Ayer and Jackson, and Lieut. Button were wounded. THIRD REGIMENT. 199 The army sat down before Fort "Wagner, to take it by regular approaches. This required one-third of the command constantly at the front ; and while there cas ualties were of hourly occurrence. At every tour of duty the Third returned with the number of its effective men reduced ; yet it so well sustained its reputation that it was one of the three regiments selected by Gen. Gill- more " to be at all hours in front of the army." Col. Jackson was ordered to New Hampshire on the 21st of July, on recruiting service, and did not return to the regiment until the 20th of January, 1864. Major Plimp ton was on detached service, Lieut. Col. Bedel was a prisoner of war, and Capt. Randlett, as ranking officer, was in command of the regiment. On the 6th of September it was determined to try another charge on Fort Wagner, and Gen. Terry se lected the Third New Hampshire to lead the " forlorn hope," under command of Capt. Randlett. The follow ing account of the affair was published in the Detroit Tribune from an army correspondent, and is vouched for by Chaplain Hill, as true, so far as it goes : " A New Hampshire regiment had been engaged, in several successive battles, very bloody and very desperate, and in each engagement had been distinguishing them selves more and more; but their success had been very dearly bought both in men and officers. Just before taps, the word came that the fort they had been invest ing was to be stormed by daybreak the next morn ing, and they were invited to lead the forlorn hope. For a time the brain of the Colonel fairly reeled with anxiety. The post of honor was the post of danger; but in view of all circumstances, would it be right, by the acceptance of such a proposition, to involve his al ready decimated regiment in utter annihilation ? He called his long and well-tried chaplain into council with 200 THE GREAT REBELLION. him, and asked what was to be done, and the chaplain advised him to let the men decide for themselves. " At the Colonel s request he statedto the regiment all the circumstances. Not one in twenty probably would be left alive after the first charge. Scarcely one of the entire number would escape death except as they were wounded or taken prisoners. No one would be compelled to go if he did not go with all his heart. Think it ov^er, men, calmly and deliberately, and come back at twelve o clock and let us known your answer. True to the appointed time, they all returned. All ? said I, < Yes, sir, att, without exception! and all of them ready for service or for sacrifice ? Now ! said the chaplain, go to your tents and write your letters set tle all your worldly business, and whatever sins you have upon your consciences unconfessed and unfor- given, ask God to forgive them. As usual, I will go with you, and the Lord do with us as seemeth Him good. "The hour came; the assault was made; on these noble spirits rushed, into the imminent deadly breach/ right into. the jaws of death. But like Daniel when he was thrown into the lion s den, it pleased God that the lion s mouth should be shut. Scarcely an hour before, the enemy had secretly evacuated the fort, and the for lorn hope entered into full possession, without the loss of a single man." After the occupation of Forts "Wagner and Gregg by our forces, the Third was detailed for provost and post duty. From the 25th of November to the 21st of De cember two hundred and seventy-eight recruits joined the regiment. Col. Jackson resigned on surgeon s cer tificate of disability, and his resignation was accepted on the 24th of February, 1864. Between the assault on Fort Wagner, July 18th, 1863, and the 1st of March, THIRD REGIMENT. 201 1864, the loss in the regiment was thirtj-two killed and wounded. Captains Ayer and Libby, Jr., and Lieuten ants Houghton and Edgerly were among the wounded. Between January 1st and March 2d, two hundred and seventy of the men re-enlisted as veterans, and left for home on thirty days furlough, under Capt. Randlett. On the 1st of March an order was issued that the regiment should be mounted, under the designation of the " Third New Hampshire Mounted Infantry." On the 7th of the same month horses were furnished, the two flank companies were armed with Spencer repeat ing carbines, and on the 1st of April left for Jackson ville, Florida, under Major Plimpton. On arrival there four companies, under Capt. Maxwell, were ordered to open communication with our troops at Pilatka, a small town seventy-five miles up the St. Johns river, which they accomplished, and returned to Jacksonville, and found the regiment dismounted. On the 6th of April, Lieut. Col. Bedel who was still a prisoner of war was promoted to Colonel, Major Plimpton to Lieut. Col onel, and Capt. Randlett to Major. While at Jackson ville, desertions to the enemy from the recently arrived substitutes became quite frequent, and Lieut. Col. Plimpton secretly posted a line of pickets outside the usual line, and about midnight they seized one of the deserters. The next morning he was tried by a drum head court martial, and in an hour he was shot. This was the last desertion in that campaign. The Tenth Corps was assigned to the Army of the James, and the Third was ordered to report to Gen. Terry, at Gloucester Point, where they arrived on the 29th of April, and were met there by the Veteran Vol unteers of the regiment, who had just returned from their furlough in New Hampshire. The Third, now recruited to eight hundred men, was brigaded with the Seventh New Hampshire, and Sixth and Seventh Con- 202 THE GREAT REBELLION. necticut, under Gen. Joseph R. Hawley, and were as signed to the First Division under Gen. Alfred II. Terry, and the Tenth Corps, commanded by General Gillmore. From this time they were engaged in the siege of Petersburg, until the 9th of May, when early on that morning the regiment, under Lieut. Col. Plimpton, moved out of camp to participate in a general advance on that place. They moved, under orders from Gen. Terry, on to Brandon Bridge, about two miles from Petersburg, and to the extreme right of the advancing forces. A detachment of cavalry was sent with the regiment to act as couriers to keep up communication. Lieut. Col. Plimpton s instructions were to hold the po sition, and to allow itt) troops to cross the bridge; to reconnoiter the position of the enemy, and learn the condition of the bridge, and depth of water in the rivet. The regiment arrived, about dark within five hundred yards of the bridge, when a halt was ordered, and a line of battle formed. Capt. Ela, with his company, was then detached as skirmishers, and advanced to within about one hundred yards of the bridge, when he met the enemy advancing. A fire was opened almost simultaneously on both sides, grape and canister shot from the opposite shore scattering through the woods for several minutes, when the firing ceased. Night coming on intensely dark, it was not deemed advisable to advance further, and pickets were posted in all direc tions, and a close watch was kept in expectation of an advance of the enemy. During the night the whistling of locomotives and rumbling of cars could be distinctly heard in Petersburg, bringing troops from the south to the defense of the city. While reconnoitering the next morning, the enemy opened with grape and canister, firing but a few rounds, however. The position was held until about one o clock, THIRD REGIMENT. 203 p. M., when orders were received from Gen. Gillmore to retire as quickly and quietly as possible. The regj- ment immediately fell back about two miles, reported to Gen. Terry, and rejoined the division. At this part of the line heavy fighting had been going on during the forenoon. A corps of the rebel army had made an at tempt to flank Gen. Butler s line on the right, and Gen. Terry s division, holding this part of the line, had suf fered considerable loss. On the arrival of the Third both armies were under a flag of truce, at the request of the enemy, to bury the dead. Late in the afternoon the whole army withdrew from the position, and returned to camp at Bermuda Hundred. The loss of the Third in this move was four wounded. BATTLE OF DRURY S BLUFF. On the 12th of May Gen. Butler commenced an ad vance toward Richmond with the Tenth and Eighteenth Corps, and arrived at Drury s Bluff on the evening of the 13th. The next morning the corps made a long detour to the left, crossing the railroad and moving on to Chester Court House. An outpost of the enemy captured here, gave information that the rebels were directly in front, strongly intrenched. The Third was selected to lead an advance, and was ordered to move to the left, find the extreme right of the rebel intrench- ments, and if possible, make a charge upon their rear. The regiment advanced on the double quick, passing the remainder of the brigade ; then making a short turn to the left through the woods, soon found themselves in an open field, with indications of the enemy in front. Passing an abandoned rifle pit, they filed into a belt of woods and halted. Capt. Maxwell was then ordered forward with his company as skirmishers, to feel the way. Advancing down through a ravine he crossed a 204 THE GREAT REBELLION. stream, the bridge over which was destroyed the men passing over on the one remaining plank, in single file. The regiment was ordered forward, closely following the skirmishers. As it afterward appeared, they were then inside the rebel fortifications. Advancing left in front, the left wing of the regiment had crossed the stream, and filed to the left, preparatory to forming a line of battle, when several shots were fired ; then a vol ley came crashing through the woods, and a line of rebels was seen through the trees advancing down upon them. Too late to re-form, the lieutenant colonel or dered in a loud, ringing voice, " Forward, Third New Hampshire, CHARGE ! " The left wing had faced to the right, and charged forward with a well known yell. The right wing moved on as fast as possible over the stream, in great confusion, many of the men throwing themselves into the muddy water waist deep and wad ing over. The Third New Hampshire charged, and though all organization was lost, and the dead and the wounded were falling on every side, they moved on up the slope unflinchingly. Volley after volley was poured in on either side, till it was one continued roll of mus ketry. The rebel line was broken and gave way, forced back into and outside their own works. Just at this juncture the First Brigade of Gen. Terry s division charged the enemy in front, and the victory was complete forcing the enemy from their line of works on to Fort Darling thus securing to our forces the whole of the first line of the outer defenses of Richmond. For this victory the Third New Hampshire paid dearly, and when it was proved by subsequent events to be a useless vic- tory, it was indeed found a bloody and terrible sacrifice. The fighting lasted but twenty minutes; but in those twenty minutes more than two hundred of New Hamp shire s bravest and best fell dead or wounded. Among the foremost fell the gallant Capt. Richard Ela, while in THIRD REGIMENT. 205 advance of his men, leading them in the charge. He was shpt through the brain, and expired almost instantly. Among the wounded were Major liandlett, Adjutant E. J. Copp, and Lieut. Hazen. The enemy kept up a continual and harassing fire, and during the 15th and 16th about twenty-five men were killed or wounded. Early on the morning of the 16th the army was advanced to the extreme front, and the Third, with the rest, were ordered to prepare for a charge upon the enemy s lines. Soon heavy firing com menced on the right. The enemy, in a dense fog, had made a flank movement to the left, and attacked the Eighteenth Corps in the rear. The Third, with a part of the Tenth Corps, were ordered to the assistance of the Eighteenth, when the firing extended along the line, and the attack became general. Instead of a charge, a retreat was ordered, and the whole line commenced fall ing back. As this movement commenced the enemy came in on the left and rear. Gen. Terry rode up and called for the Third .N"ew Hampshire, and said to Lieut. Col. Plimpton " I want the Third IsTew Hampshire to charge the enemy advancing on the left." The charge was made and the enemy were routed and forced back to their intrenchments. The retreat was continued, and at night the Army of the James were in their intrench ments at Bermuda Hundred. The Third suffered con siderable loss in the retreat. Capt. Ayer, a brave and valuable officer, was mortally wounded on the morning of the 16th, when Lieut. Button took command of the company, and soon received a death wound. The Union army fell back several miles, and built a line of works ey+encling across the peninsula from the Appomattox to the James. The Third Regiment was encamped in the rear of a battery, where it was con stantly exposed to fire from the rebel artillery, and lived mainly in bomb-proof. 206 THE GREAT REBELLION. On the 2d of June the rebels charged a portion of the line held by the Seventh Connecticut, and drove- them back on their reserves. The Third New Hampshire was ordered to retake the lost ground, which was speedily accomplished by a gallant charge of four companies, commanded by Capt. Maxwell. They captured one hundred and fifty prisoners, and lost eight men killed and wounded. On the 15th Gen. Grant s army crossed the James river, and, joining Gen. Butler s left, advanced on Petersburg. To meet this advance, Beauregard with drew from Butler s front, and on the 16th a reconnois- sance was made by the latter s whole force. Having nearly reached the Petersburg and Richmond turnpike, they met Picket s Division of Lee s army, hastening to the assistance of Beauregard, and backed by the whole army of Northern Virginia. Capt. Maxwell, with two companies deployed as skirmishers, advanced toward the turnpike. Having repulsed three advances of the enemy, our forces were ordered to retire, and finally reached their old line. During the fight the Third lost about forty in killed and wounded. Lieut. Tredick was mortally wounded, and died on the 6th of July. Cap tains Maxwell and Libby, and Lieut. McCoy were sev erally wounded. From the 13th of May to the 19th of June inclusive, out of eight hundred and eighty-one, which left Gloucester Point, the regiment lost in killed, wounded and missing, two hundred and eighty-nine men. In July the regiment exchanged their Enfield for Spencer rifles, a very effective breach-loader and seven- shooter. Thus armed the troops were almost invinci ble. On the 13 th of August the Tenth Corps moved across the James river, to co-operate with the Second Corps in an advance on Richmond. It marched to Deep Bottom, thence through works occupied bv our troops THIRD REGIMENT. 207 under Gen. Foster, to the extreme front, where a line of battle was formed, the Third on the left of the brig ade. The pickets of the enemy were forced back, and the brigade advanced to an open field, fronting a line of rebel earthworks, and here formed double column in mass, to support a light battery, the Third having posi tion on the right of the Seventh Connecticut. This po sition was held, under fire, from early on the morning of the 14th until four o clock in the afternoon, when the brigade moved to the right about one hundred yards, and formed a line of battle. Lieut. Col. Plimpton was ordered by Gen. Terry to hold the Third Regiment in readiness to charge upon an advancing line of the enemy. This position was held until ten o clock in the evening, when the army commenced a flank movement to the right, in the direction of Malvern Hill, and biv- ouaced for the night near New Market road from Deep Bottom. The next day, the 15th, an attack was made upon the enemy s lines, the Third, with its brigade be ing held in reserve, where it was for three hours exposed to the fire of shot, shell and canister from the rebel bat teries posted in a belt of woods. Early on the morning of the 16th the right wing of the regiment was advanced as skirmishers through an open field to the edge of a swamp, across which the enemy were strongly intrenched. Sharp skirmishing ensued, but with no decisive results, till about noon, when it was determined to storm the enemy s position. At the order, the Third with its brigade, charged on the line of the rebel works, which they carried, taking a large number of prisoners. From here another charge was made through an open field, and under a terrific fire from the enemy. This charge was repulsed, when three counter-charges were made by the rebels in the attempt to retake the first line, which were repulsed by the Union troops. The Third was afterward ordered to 208 THE GREAT REBELLION. retire. The loss of the regiment in this engagement was very severe. Ten officers and eighty-three men were killed, wounded or missing. Lieut. Col. Plimpton was shot through the heart while leading the last charge. Lieut. S. N. Lamprey was mortally wounded and died in a few hours. Lieut. C. A. White was wounded and left on the field, but afterward returned to join in the fight, and had hardly reached the regiment when a bul let struck his arm, passed through his lungs and out at the left side a distance of fifteen inches notwith standing which he eventually recovered. Capt. Wadlia and Adjutant Copp were severely wounded. Lieuten ants Eldridge, Ackerman, Donley, Giddings and Ather- ton were more or less severely wounded. Lieut. Atherton was shot through the lungs, left on the field and reported killed, but was taken prisoner of war, soon after paroled, exchanged and rejoined his regiment. The behavior of the regiment in this engagement was highly commended on all hands, and its record never stood better than at the close of this bloody battle. Seven days more, and the term of enlistment of many of the men would have expired, yet they went in as cheerfully and fought as bravely as though they had a reputation to make for themselves which would follow them through a long campaign. Entering the fight with less than two hundred men, it captured and took to the rear about three hundred prisoners, and sustained a loss of nearly one-half its entire strength. On the 20th of August the regiment returned to Ber muda Hundred. The term of service of such of the original members as had not re-enlisted expired on the 23d, and they were promptly mustered out and started on their way home, under command of Capt. R. "W. Houghton, and accompanied by Chaplain Hill, both well beloved and honored officers, bearing with them, tat tered, torn and pierced by many rebel balls, the beloved THIRD REGIMENT. 209 colors presented them by the ladies of Hampstead, with out a stain of dishonor upon it. On the 24th of August the Tenth Corps crossed the Appomattox, and went on duty in the trenches in front of Petersburg. The duty was severe and casualties of daily occurrence. It remained here until the 28th of September, when it crossed the James river, and the next day the Third participated in the advance on Lau rel Hill and Chapin s Farm ; and the same afternoon took part in the reconnoissance to within two miles of Richmond, and in a similar movement on the 1st of October. Major Randlett, who had been absent on leave and on detached service, since he was wounded, joined the regiment the last of September. On the 7th of October the enemy made a vigorous at tack on our lines, which the Third successfully repelled until their ammunition was exhaused, captured thirty prisoners and lost twenty-five killed and wounded. On the 13th, at Darbytown Road, a charge was ordered to be made by another brigade, and the Third was sent to support it. The brigade broke and fled, leaving the regiment alone, where it retained its position until or dered to leave the field, and was withdrawn in good or der, not a man falling from the ranks. On the 28th and 29th another attempt was made to dislodge the enemy from Darbytown and Charles City Roads, in which the Third participated, losing seventeen killed and wounded. Captain Trickey and Lieut. McCoy were among the wounded. On the 2d of ISTovember the Third, with other regi ments, embarked on steamers for New York City to pre serve order at the Presidential election there. When the election was over the} 7 returned to Bermuda Hundred, having been absent from the army seventeen days. On this expedition the men suffered severely from cold and hunger the only food received being 210 THE GREAT REBELLION. short rations of pork and hard bread. Major Randlett was promoted to Lieut. Colonel on the lith of October, and Capt. Trickey to Major on the 4th of January, 1865. On the 15th of January, 1865, the Third Regiment participated in the successful night assault upon Fort Fisher. The garrison flag was hauled down by Capt. Edgerly, of the Third, and given to Gen. Terry, and by him to the Secretary of War. Shortly afterward a movement was made upon a rebel force three miles to the rear of Fort Fisher, in which the Third made a charge and captured about sixty prisoners. In these two battles the regiment lost four killed and ten wounded. Major Trickey commanded the regiment from the 20th of December, 1864, to the 17th of Feb ruary, 1865, Lieut. Col. R-andlett having been left at Laurel Hill with a portion of the regiment, but joined the main body at the latter date. On the 19th of February a movement was commenced on "Wilmington. On the 22d, with the Third deployed as skirmishers, the army entered Wilmington, which had been abandoned by the enemy, and, having passed through the city, the Third kept up a running fight; drove the enemy across Smith s Creek; saved the bridge which the rebels had fired, and captured a pon toon bridge at North East Ferry, ten miles from Wil mington. Lieut. Col. Randlett was appointed provost marshal of Wilmington, and nearly half of the regiment was detailed as provost guard. The remainder were commanded by Major Trickey, until the return of Col. Bedel, April llth, after his seventeen months of severe imprisonment. He was received by the men with many demonstrations of joy and respect. While at Wilmington Surgeon A. J. H. Buzzell died of disease, March 28th 1865. A writer said of him " A nobler man never lived ; a Christian and a patriot, devoted thoroughly to his duties, and ambitious to serve THIRD REGIMENT. 211 the best interests of the cause. In his death the coun try lost a true man and soldier, the regiment a noble benefactor. God bless his memory, will be the prayer of every soldier of the Third New Hampshire." In May a new stand of national colors was received from the State, on which was inscribed the names of the battles in which the regiment had been engaged. This was prized as an evidence of the gallantry, valor, and hard service of the regiment; but the love of the old flags, which had been proudly borne in the numer ous battle fields, was still as strong as ever in the heart of every soldier who had followed and fought under their tattered and riddled folds. On the 3d of June Col. Bedel was ordered to proceed with the regiment, and occupy the post of Golds- borough, North Carolina. On the 10th and llth the Sixth and Seventh Connecticut, and the Seventh New Hampshire Regiments arrived at the Post and reported to Col. Bedel, and he remained in command of the Post till the return of Brevet Brig. Gen. Abbott from New Hampshire, on the 5th of July. On the 20th of July, 1865, the regiment was mustered out of the service of the United States, and ordered to New Hampshire for final discharge and payment. It arrived at Concord on the 28th, with twenty-six officers and three hundred and twenty-four men. Gov. Fred erick Smyth, Adjutant General Natt Head, Col. Peter Sanborn, State Treasurer, and Gen. M. T. Donohoe, addressed the regiment in thrilling speeches, congratu lating the survivors .on their safe return, and paying a just tribute to the memory of the many gallant officers and men who had sacrificed their lives in their country s cause. Col. Bedel appointed Brig. Gen. U. S. Volun teers by brevet, July 22d, " for gallant and meritorious service, to rank as such from March 13, 1865 " and Lieut. Col. Randlett responded for the regiment. The 212 THE GREAT REBELLION. Hags were then returned to the Governor, and the regi ment, after having partaken of a bountiful repast, gen erously supplied, marched to the camp ground south of the city, where the enlisted men were discharged and paid off on the 2d of August, and the officers on the 3d and 4th, and the Third New Hampshire Regiment of Volunteers, equally distinguished for its orderly and (soldierly conduct in its final discharged, as for gallantry and valor in its many hard fought battles, ceased to ex ist except in the pages of history. During the four years service on the Atlantic coast in the States of South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Vir ginia and North Carolina, the Third Regiment was en gaged in the following sieges, battles, reconnoissances, skirmishes, &c. : 1. Port Royal Harbor, S. C. November 7, 1861. 2. Elba Island, Ga. March 7, 1862. 3. Bluffton, S. C. March 16, 1862. 4. Jehossee, S. C. April 10, 14 and 17, 1862. 5. James Island, S. C. June 8, 1862. 6. Secessionville, S. C. June 16, 1862. 7. Pocotaligo, S. C. October 22, 1862. 8. May River, Fla. January 7, 1863. 9. Stono Inlet, S. C. April 7, 1863. 10. Morris Island, S. C. July 10, 1863. 11. Fort Wagner, S. C. July 18, 1863. 12. Siege of Wagner, S. C. July 18 to Sept. 7, 1863. 13. Siege of Sumter, S. C. Sept. 7, 1863, to March 1,1864. 14. Pilatka, Fla. April 3, 1864. 15. Chester Station, Va. May 9, 1864. 16. Drury s Bluff, Va. May 13 to 16, 1864. 17. Bermunda Hundred, Va. May 18, 1864. 18. Wier Bottom Church, Va. June 2, 1864. 19. Petersburg, Va. June 9, 1864. 20. Hatcher s ^Run, Va. June 16, 1864. THIRD REGIMENT. 213 21. FlusselPs Mills, Va. August 16, 1864. 22. Siege of Petersburg, Ya. Aug. 24, to Sept. 29, 1864. 23. New Market Heights, Va. September 29, 1864. 24. Demon tion towards R d. Sept. 29, and Oct. 1, 1864. 25. New Market Road, Va, October 7, 1864. 26. Darbytown Road, Va. October 13, 1864. 27. Charles City Road, Va. October 27, 1864. 28. Fort Fisher, N. C. January 15, 1865. 29. Sugar Loaf Hill, N. C. February 11, 1865. 30. Wilmington, Smith s Creek, and North East Ferry. February 22, 1865. During its term of service the regiment had on its rolls 1717 enlisted men, including 44 non-commissioned staff and band, and 101 officers, making an aggregate of 1818. Of these 190 were killed in battle or died of wounds; 137 died of disease; 196 nearly all substi tutes deserted ; 740 discharged 300 by expiration of term and 440 by reason of disability, &c.; 52 trans ferred; 6 rejected; 2 dismissed; 3 shot for desertion; 6 missing in action, and not known whether killed, pris oners, or deserters. Two hundred and seventy of the regiment re-enlisted in January and February, 1864, and are taken into account but once in the aggregate of 1818. The casualties in wounded and prisoners were 487 wounded and 91 prisoners. Nearly all the prisoners taken subsequent to the surprise and capture of Com pany H, on Pinkney Island, August 21, 1862, lan guished and died of starvation in southern prisons. An officer of the regiment wrote " To the excellent corps of Surgeons and Assistant Surgeons attached to the regiment, from its organization to its disbandrnent, may be attributed the small number of deaths in the regiment. Their moral and temperate habits, their in tegrity as gentlemen, their skill as Surgeons, and faith ful and prompt attention to duty, rendered them 214 THE GREAT REBELLION. conspicuous. This was particularly the case with Sur geons Buzzell and Kimball, than whom gio better Sur geons belonged to the army." The roll of honor comprises officers killed in battle and died of wounds, as follows : Lieut. Col. PLIMPTON ; Captains CARLTON, ELA and AYER; Adjutant LIBBY; First Lieutenants BUTTON and LAMPREY; Second Lieu tenants SCRUTON, "WlGGIN, ROBINSON, TREDICK and MOR- RILL. Died of disease Surgeon BUZZELL, First Lieu tenant THOMPSON, and Second Lieutenant BRYANT. FO URTH REGIMENT. 215 FOURTH REGIMENT. The Fourth Regiment rendezvoused at Manchester. After the organization of the Third there were two hun dred men left in camp at Concord, who were sent to Manchester as the nucleus of the Fourth Regiment. The full number of men required was speedily enlisted, sent to rendezvous, and the regiment was mustered into the United States service on the 18th of September, 1861. Company A was enlisted at Dover, Company B at Nashua, Company D at Laconia, Company F at Great Falls, Company H at Salem, and Companies C, E, G, I and K at Manchester, though many of the men were from other towns in the State than those named. The following were the field, staff and company officers, with their record, from the organization to the mus ter out of the regiment: FIELD AND STAFF OFFICERS. COLONELS Thomas J. "WTripple, of Laconia. Resigned March 18, 1862. Louis Bell, of Farmington. Killed at Fort Fisher, N. C., Jan. 15, 1865. Lieut. Colonels Louis Bell, of Farmington. Promoted to Colonel, May 16, 1862. Gilman E. Sleeper, of Salem. Discharged Nov. 27, 1863. Jeremiah D. Drew, of Salem. Discharged for disability Sept. 17, 1864. Frank "W. Parker, of Manchester. Mustered out Aug. 23, 1865. Majors Jeremiah D. Drew, of Salem. Promoted to Lieut. Colonel, Dec. 1, 1863. 216 THE G R F.A T R r-.BEL LION. Charles W. Sawyer, of Dover. Woundel May 16, 1864. Died of wounds June 22, 1864 George F. Towle, of Portsmouth.* Mustered out August 23, 1865. Adjutants Henry W. Fuller, of Concord. Resigned October 29, 1862. Charles A. Carlton, of Concord. Promoted to A. A. Gen. Vols. July 18, 1864. Timothy W. Challis, of Laconia. Mustered out August 23, 1865. Quartermasters John L. Kelley, of Manchester. Promoted to A. Q. M , U. S. Vols. July 30, 1863. Albert K. Tilton, of Concord. Mu-tered out May 15, 1865. Surgeons Josiah C. Eastman, of Ilampstead. Resigned October 7, 1862. George P. Greely, of Nashua. Honorably discharged October 23, 1864. David P. Dearborn, of Weare. Mustered out August 23, 1865. First Ass t Surgeons George P. Greeley, of Nashua. Promoted to Surgeon October 8, 1862. David L. M. Comings, of Swanzev. Died of disease at Swanzey, August 1, 1868. Charlea C. Beckley, of Plainiield. Honorably discharged March 26, 1864. David P. Dearborn, of Wcarc. Promoted to Surgeon Nov. 9, 1864. Second Ass t Surgeon D. L. M. Comings, of Swanzey. Promoted to First Ass t Surgeon, Oct. 8, 1862. David P. Dearborn, of Weare. Promoted to First Ass t Surgeon, May 2, 1864. James P. Walker. Discharged for disability, Nov. 2, 1864. Henry F. Ward well, of Gorhain. Mustered out August 23, 1865. Chaplains Martin W. Willis, of Nashua. Discharged for disability Jan. 27, 1862. Liberty Billings, of Concord. Promoted to Lieut. Colonel U. S. C. T. Nov. 4, 1862. "William II. Thomas, of Laconia. Honorably discharged June 28, 1864. Sergeant Majors Charles L. Brown, of Manchester. Vomoted to Second Lieut. March 22, 1862. FO URTH REGIMENT. 217 William B. Stearns, of Amherst. Promoted to Second Lieut. March 14, 1863. William Smith. Re-enlisted Feb. 15, 1864. Captured at Deep Run, Va., Aug. 16, 1864. Paroled Feb. 24, 1865. Mustered out June 10, 1865. Charles H. Smithford, of Salem. Mustered out August 23, 1865. Quartermaster Sergeants Charles J. Kelley. Discharged for disability Dec. 1, 1862, Volney Piper, of Richmond. Discharged for disability May 9, 1863. William K. Norton, of Concord. Re-enlisted Feb. 20, 1864. Promoted to First Lieut. Nov. 21, 1864. Charles H. Moore, of Nashua. Promoted to First Lieut. Feb. 17, 1865. Edward P. Hall, of Groton. Mustered out Aug. 23, 1865. Commissary Sergeants Albert K. Tilton, of Concord. Promoted to Second Lieut. Aug. 15, 1862. John C. Dickerman. Died at Folly Island, S. C. Aug. 1, 1863. Benjamin F. Fogg, of Manchester. Re-enlisted Feb. 18, 1864. Promoted to Second Lieut. March 1, 1865. Lewis H. Cheney, of Canterbury. Mustered out August 23, 1865 Hospital Stewards Israel T. Hunt. Discharged for disability July 12, 1862* William H. Piper, of Concord. Wounded Jan. 16, 1865. Mustered out August 23, 1865. Principal Musicians Francis H. Pike, of Manchester. Mustered out Sept. 16, 1862. Henry J. White. Discharged for disability July 12, 1862. Elias H. Bryant, of Francestown. Mustered out October 10, 1864 Jacob E. W. Aspinwall, of Dover. Mustered out August 23, 1865. Albert T. Kent, of Concord. Mustered out August 23, 1865 COMPANY OFFICERS. Co. A. Captains Charles W. Sawyer, of Dover. Promoted to Major Dec. 1, 1863. 218 THE ORE AT REBELLION. Isaac W. Hobbs, of Great Falls. Wounded July 18, 1864. Mustered out Nov. 7, 1864. Matthew Adams, of New London. Mustered out August 23, 1865. First Lieuts. Joseph G. Wallace, of Dover. irromoted to Captain May 17, 1862. Henry W. Locke, of Rochester. Promoted to Captain C. S. U. S. Vols. June 25, 1864. Timothy W. Challis, of Laconia. Promoted to Adjutant Nov. 9, 1864. Louis McD. Hussy, of Rochester. Promoted to Captain Feb. 17, 1865. Second Lieuts. Henry W. Locke, of Rochester. Promoted to First Lieut. May 17, 1862. Amos L. Colburn, of Concord. Transferred to Co. G Nov. 5, 1862. Albert H. C. Jewett, of Gilford. Promoted to First Lieut. March 14, 1864. Henry S. Willey, of Farmin.ffton. Discharged for disability Dec. 14, 1864. Stephen T. Hall, of Dover. Promoted to First Lieut. Aug. 23, 1865. Co. B. Captains Richard 0. Greenleaf, of Nashua. Mustered out Sept. 17, 1864. Frederick A. Kendall, of Concord. Honorably discharged Aug. 17, 1865. First Lieuts. George F. Towle, of Portsmouth. Promoted to Captain Jan. 17, 1862. Charles A. Carlton, of Concord. Promoted to Adjutant Nov. 2, 1862. Frederick A. Kendall, of Concord. Promoted to Captain Sept. 12, 1864. Benjamin R. Wheeler, of Salem. Promoted to Captain Nov 9, 1864. Leonard A. Gay, of Nashua. Promoted to Captain Aug. 23, 1865. Second Lieuts. Charles A. Carlton, of Concord. Promoted to First Lieut. Jan. 17, 1862. Adelbert White, of Nashua. Cashiered Nov. 30, 1862. John W. Brewster, of Portsmouth. Wounded Maj 20, 1864. Discharged for disability Sept. 14, 1864. Co. C. Captains- -Oilman E. Sleeper, of Salem. Promoted to Lieut. Colonel May 16, 1862. FOURTH REGIMENT. 219 Joseph G. Wallace, of Dover. Wounded severely Oct. 22, 1862. Wounded May 15, 1864. Discharged for disability Sept. 14, 1864. George W. Huckins, of Manchester. Transferred to Co. K. Louis McD. Hussy, of Rochester. Mustered out Aug. 23, 1865. First Lieuts. M. Y. B. Richardson, of Manchester. Mustered out Sept. 17, 1864. William K. Norton, of Concord. Mustered out Aug. 23, 1865. Second Lieuts. Fred. A. Kendall, of Concord. Promoted to First Lieut. Aug. 15, 1862. Albert K Tilton, of Concord. Promoted to Quartermaster, Aug. 1, 1863. William D. Stearns, of Amherst. Wounded May 20, 1864. Discharged for disability Sept. 14, 1864. Patrick K. Dowd, of Manchester. Promoted to First Lieut. June 2, 1865. Co. D. Captains William Badger, of Laconia. Cashiered June 4, 1864. Disability resulting from dismissal removed Jan. 21, 1865, by G. C. M., orders No. 20. John H. Roberts, of Dover. Mustered out Aug. 23, 1865. First Lieuts. Chas. O. Jennison, of Manchester. Resigned April 30, 1862. David 0. Burleigh, of Laconia. Promoted to Captain Oct. 7, 1862. John H. Roberts, of Dover. v Promoted to Captain Nov. 9, 1864. George W. Quimby, of Kingston. Promoted to Captain Feb. 17, 1865 Samuel II. Prescott, of Gilford. Mustered out August 23, 1865. Second Lieuts. David 0. Burleigh, of Laconia. Promoted to First Lieut. May 1, 1862. John H. Roberts, of Dover. Promoted to First Lieut. Oct. 7, 1862. Timothy W. Challis, of Laconia. Promoted to First Lieut. July 27, 1864. Henry A. Mann, of Pembroke. Promoted to First Lieut. June 2, 1865. Co. E. Captains Thompson L. Newell, of Manchester. Resigned Dec. 16, 1862. 220 THE GREAT REBELLION. Frank "W. Parker, of Manchester. Wounded Aug. 16, 1864. Promoted to Lieut. ^Colonel Jan. 3, 1865 William S. Barker, of Londonderry. Discharged by special order No. 291, War Department, Adjt. Gen. s office, Washington, D. C., May 30, 1865. First Lieuts. Frank W. Parker, of Manchester. Promoted to Captain Jan. 17, 1862. Andrew J. Edgerly, of Manchester. Dismissed by special order No. 119, par. 34, War Department, Adjutant General s office, Washington, March 13, 1863. Albert H. C. Jewett, of Gilford. Mustered out Sept. 26, 1864. Charles M. Whitney, of Manchester. Promoted to Captain Aug. 23, 1865. Second Lieuts. A. J. Edgerly, of Manchester. Promoted to First Lieut. January 17, 1862. Harvey F. Wiggin, of Dover. Promoted to First Lieut. Oct. 25, 1862. Robert A. Seaver, of Manchester. Resigned Jan. 24, 1863. Frank B. Hutchinson, of Manchester. Killed at Drury s Bluff, Va., May 15, 1864. Co. F. Captains Orrin Brown, of Great Falls. Cashiered Jan. 24, 1862. George F. Towle, of Portsmouth. Promoted to Major Jan. 3, 1865. Clarence L. Chapman, of Somersworth.. Honorably discharged May 17, 1865. Eleazer L. Sarsons, of Nashua. Mustered out Aug. 23, 1865 First Lieuts. Isaac W. Hobbs, of Great Falls. Promoted to Captain Dec. 1, 1863. Amos L. Colburn, of Concord. Wounded Aug. 16, 1864. Discharged on account of wounds Nov. 1, 1864. Clarence L. Chapman, of Somersworth. Promoted to Captain Feb. 17, 1865. Charles H. Moore, of Nashua. Honorably discharged May 15, 1865. Second Lieuts. Charles II. Drummer, of Keene. Resigned March 31, 1862. Charles L. Brown, of Manchester. Transferred to Co. I March 22, 1862. Benjamin R. Wheeler, of Salem. Wounded May 16, 1864. Promoted to First Lieut. Sept. 12, 1864. FO UR TH REGIMENT. 221 Benjamin F. Fogg, of Manchester. Promoted to First Lieut. June 2, 1865. Co. G. Captains Michael O. Flvnn, of Manchester. Resigned Oct. 2, 1862. William W. Mayne, of Manchester. Wounded severely Oct. 22, 1862. Dismissed Jan. 4, 186-4. Reinstated Feb. 10, 1864. Discharged for disability Sept. 14, 1864. Edward Whitford, of Bedford. Mustered out Aug. 23, 1865. First Lieuts. Charles W. Hurd, of Manchester. Resigned March 21, 1862. William W. Mayne, of Manchester. Promoted to Captain Oct. 3, 1862. Daniel Gile, of Manchester. Captured at Deep Run, Va., Aug. 18, 1864. Paroled. Honorably dis charged April 28, 1865. Second Lieuts. Wm. W. Mayne, of Manchester. Promoted to First Lieut. March 22, 1862. David P. Dearborn, of Weare. Resigned Nov. 4, 1862. Amos L. Colburn, of Concord. Transferred to Co. K. James F. Gilpatrick, of Nashua. Mustered out Aug 23, 1865. Co. IL Captains Joseph M. Clough, of New London. Wounded July 30, 1864. Mustered out Sept. 17, 1864. Abner L. Knowlton, of Sanbornton. Mustered out Aug. 23, 1865. First Lieuts. Israel L. Drew, of Lawrence, Ms. Died at Annapolis, Md., .NOV. 4, 1861. Hiram C. Tuttle, of Concord. Died at Concord, Feb. 7, 1863. Henry M. Hicks, of Haverhill. Honorably discharged Sept. 14, 1864. Abner L. Knowlton, of Sanbornton. Promoted to Captain Feb. 17, 1865. Alfred Marland, of Haver-de-Grace, Md. Mustered out Aug. 23, 1865. Second Lieuts. Hiram C. Tuttle, of Concord. Promoted to First Lieut. Jan. 17, 1862. Norman Burdick, of Milford. Discharged Nov. 12, 1862. Henry M. Hicks, of Haverhill. Promoted to First Lieut. Feb. 8, 1863. 222 THE GREAT REBELLION. Matthew Adams, of New London. Wounded July 30, 1864. Promoted to Captain Nov. 21, 1864. John Fullerton, of Bedford. Mustered out Aug= 23, 1865. Co. I. Captains Nathan li. Brown, of Derry. Resigned Oct. 6, 1862 Davia O. Burleigh, of Loconia. Cashiered June 4, 1804. George F. Quimby, of Kingston. Mustered out Aug. 23, 1865. First Lieut*. W. S. Pillsbury, of Londonderry. Resigned Oct. 20, 1861. Daniel Q. Cole, of Concord. Resigned Oct. 24, 1862. Henry F. Wigghi, of Dover. ^ Promoted to Adjutant Sept. 12, 1864. Edwin Whitford, of Bedford. Promoted to Captain March 1, 1865. Lorenzo D. Huntress, of Eftingham. Mustered out Aug. 23, 1865. Second Lieuts. True Sanborn, Jr., of Chichester. Promoted to First Lieut. June 12, 1862. Benjamin R. Wheeler, of Salem. Transferred to Co. F June 12, 1862. Charles L. Brown, of Manchester. Died of disease at Folly Island, S. C., June 3, 1863. Francis H. Davis, of Laconia. Wounded May 16, 1864. Promoted to First Lieut. Nov. 9, 1864. Eben Weed, of Haverhill. Promoted to First Lieut. Aug. 23, 1865. Co. K. -Captains Jonathan R. Bagley, of Manchester. "Resigned Jan. 13, 1862. Ephraim C. Currier, of Danville. Died at Beaufort, S. C., Aug. 12, 1862 True Sanborn, Jr., of Chichester. Discharged for disability Nov. 2, 1864. George W. Huckins, of Manchester. Mustered out Aug. 23, 1865. First Lieuts. Ephraim C. Currier, of Danville. Promoted to Captain Jan. 17, 1862. Charles M. Currier, of Manchester. Resigned June 11, 1862. True Sanborn, Jr., of Chichester. Promoted to Captain Aug. 15, 1862, FO UR TH REGIMENT. 223 George ~W. Huckins, of Manchester. Promoted to Captain Nov. 9, 1864. William S. Barker, of Londonderry. Promoted to Captain Feb. 17, 1865. Joseph Wingate, of Rochester. Mustered out Aug. 23, 1865. Second Lieut. Charles X. Tilton, of Sanbornton. Resigned Jan. 16, 1862. George "W. Huckins, of Manchester. Promoted to First Lieut. Oct. 25, 1862. Amos L. Colburn, of Concord. Promoted to First Lieut. Dec. 1, 1863. Stephen J. Wentworth, of Somersworth. Wounded June 6, 1864. Killed at Deep Run, Va., Aug. 16, 1864. All the Field and several of the Company officers in the Fourth were officers in the First Regiment, and had knowledge of the duties required of them. Col. Whip- pie was Lieut. Colonel of the First, and also held a commission in the Mexican war. Lieut. Colonel Bell, Major Drew, Quartermaster Kelley, Capt. Greenleaf, and Capt. Sleeper were Captains in the First Regiment, and many of the other officers and soldiers had served three months in that regiment. COL. THOMAS J. WHIPPLE. Col. Whipple was born at Wentworth on the 30th of January, 1816, and is a son of Dr. Thomas Whipple, of that town. He graduated at the military University at Norwich, Vermont, under the instruction of Col. Ran som, who was killed in the Mexican War. He read law with Hon. Josiah Quincy, of Rumney, and after being admitted to the bar commenced practice at Meredith, now Laconia. In April, 1847, he was appointed First Lieutenant in the Ninth United States Infantry, and Adjutant of the same regiment in May following. He went with his regiment to Vera Cruz, and while on a visit to a Catholic cemetery in the neighborhood of the 224 THE GREAT REBELLION. city, in company with private R. IT. A. Barnes, of his regiment, was taken prisoner. When tieut. Whipple and his companion came to the gate of the cemetery they were confronted by three Mexicans, who had dis mounted from their horses, with their guns pointed at them. Lieut, Whipple was armed with a sword, and placed himself at once against the wall, and prepared for a defense. Barnes, who was unarmed, made the best of his way through the cemetery to the camp. The Mexicans made at Whipple, who stoutly defended himself. One of them hit him a blow upon the head, which stunned but did not injure him, as the blow, meet ing a parry, struck flatwise upon Whipple s head. Re- covering himself he went at his antagonists again, when they retreated a few paces and brought their guns to bear upon him, indicating by signs, which Lieut. Whip- pie well understood, that if he did not surrender they would fire. He finally surrendered, and was taken away upon a mustang, while his own horse was appro priated by ojie of his captors. Barnes on reaching camp gave the alarm, and a detachment was sent out in search of Whipple, but the guerillas had escaped with their captive. He was a prisoner several months and was kindly treated. He was subsequently exchanged, join ed his regiment, and distinguished himself at Atlixco, where he was volunteer Aid-de-camp to Brig. Gen. Lane. Adjutant Whipple resigned in February, 1848. and resumed the practice of law at Laconia. Col. Whipple was assistant clerk of the New Hamp shire House of Representatives in 1848, and clerk in 1849, 50, 51, and 52. In 1849 he was appointed Solic itor for Belknap County, which office he held four years. When the war of the rebellion broke out, in April 1861, Col. Whipple was appointed Lieut. Colonel of the First Regiment, and his military knowledge, acquired both at Xorwich, Yt., and in the Mexican war, was of FO URTH REGIMENT. 225 great service in organizing and disciplining the regi ment. He was mustered out with his regiment, at the end of its term of enlistment, August 9, 1861. On the 20th of the same month he was appointed Colonel of the Fourth Regiment, and resigned in March, 1862. His courage and patriotism as an officer were never called in question. He is now engaged in an extensive law practice at Laconia, and in the cultivation of a fine farm. He is a gentleman of marked ability as an advo cate, is eminently social and genial, and has many warm friends. GEN. LOUIS BELL. Louis Bell was the youngest son of the late Gov. Samuel Bell, and was born in Chester, March 8th, 1837. Among his older brothers were Dr. Luther Y. Bell, long at the head of the McLean Asylum for the Insane, at Somerville, Mass., Hon. James Bell, a distinguished lawyer and United States Senator, and Hon. Samuel D. Bell, Chief Justice of the Supreme Judicial Court. After completing his preparatory studies at Berry and at Gilford, he entered Brown University, at Provi dence, R. I., where he graduated at the age of eighteen years. His taste and aptitude for athletic and martial exercises had made him desirous of an appointment to the Military Academy at West Point, and, at a later period, of a commission in the army ; but circumstan ces prevented the accomplishment of either of these wishes. The same inclination, however, led him to di rect his reading and study largely to military subjects, a circumstance which was of great advantage to him in his subsequent career. He then prepared himself for the legal profession, and was admitted to the bar in 1857, establishing himself in Farmington. His ability and high personal charac- 226 THE GREAT REBELLION ter at once secured him friends and clients. In 1859 he received the appointment of Justice of fche Police Court of Farmington, and two years later, that of Solicitor of the County of Strafford. The breaking out of the rebellion found Mr. Bell married, and fairly established in business, with the most flattering professional prospects for the future. But President Lincoln s call for volunteers in April, 1861, was an appeal to his patriotism and military spirit which was irresistible. He immediately offered his services to Gov. Goodwin, and was appointed Captain of Company A in the First Regiment of New Hampshire Volunteers. The organization was rapidly completed, and the regi ment leaving Concord May 25, 1861, proceeded directly to Washington. During their three months term of service they were stationed on the line of the Potomac, above Washington, and engaged chiefly in picket duty, a service sufficiently responsible and trying, but afford ing few incidents worthy of special mention. Capt. Bell discharged his duties faithfully and creditably, and returned with the regiment to New Hampshire, thor oughly acquainted with the practical part of a soldier s life, and having gained the respect and esteem of offi cers and men. The Fourth New Hampshire Regiment was then about being formed, and Capt. Bell was immediately commis sioned as its Lieutenant Colonel. On the 27th of Septem ber, 1861, that regiment left the State, and constituted a part of the expedition against Port Royal and Beaufort, S. C. At the latter post Gen. T. W. Sherman was in command. He was struck with the efficiency and sol dierly qualities of Lieut. Col. Bell, and made him his Inspector General and chief of staff. This place he continued to hold, to the General s entire satisfaction, during the whole period of Sherman s stay in the department. FO UR TH REGIMENT. 227 In the discharge of this duty, he was in December sent hy Gen. Sherman, in a light steamer, to make a reconnoissance around Port Royal Island. He succeeded in unearthing a concealed rebel battery, which opened fire upon the steamer, with the effect of slightly wound ing Col. Bell and one of his men. Upon the resignation of Col. "Whipple, Col. Bell suc ceeded in March, 1862, to the command of the Fourth Regiment. In April he was ordered with seven compa nies to occupy the fortified town of St. Augustine, Flo rida. His administration of affairs there was extremely judicious and efficient. The position being much ex posed, its works were put into a thoroughly defensible condition; the troops were admirably organized and trained, and the civil government of the town was con ducted in a manner completely satisfactory. In October, 1862, Col. Bell again united his command at Beaufort, to join the expedition designed to cut the railroad between Charleston and Savannah, at the Poco- taligo river. Although the Fourth Regiment had in detachments seen some skirmishing, this was their first appearance as an organization in any serious engage ment, but they acquitted themselves with much credit, and acted as rear-guard on the retreat. Their loss was about thirty men, killed and wounded. Col. Bell, who led his men gallantly, was here again slightly wounded by a splinter from a shell. In the Spring of 1863 began the series of operations against Charleston and its defenses. The Fourth Regi ment was employed the greater part of the summer on engineer duty, in working among the hot sands of Folly and Morris Islands. Here Col. Bell had an opportunity to put in practice some of the knowledge which he had acquired years before, while intending to enter the mili tary profession. He experimented, with a good degree of success, in the preparation of a new shell-fuse, de- 228 THE GREAT REBELLION. signed to obviate some of the difficulties experienced in mortar practice, and of a " Greek fire,"to be conveyed in shells for the purpose of producing conflagrations. In April, 1864, Col. Bell was ordered with his regi ment, to report to Gen. Butler, to join the Army of the James. He was placed in command of a brigade, consisting of the Fourth New Hampshire, Thirteenth Indiana, Mnth Maine, One Hundred Seventeenth New York, and Ninety-seventh Pennsylvania Regiments, with which he took part in the affair at Swift Creek, in the severe engagement at Drury s Bluff, and in the series of struggles on the 17th, 20th and 21st of May. He also held the left of the line in the battle at Cold Harbor, and, after the subsequent flank movement, led his brigade to the assault of two of the forts before Petersburg, which he carried in handsome style, being himself among the first to enter the works. He was also engaged with his command in the unfor tunate " Mine " assault, and conducted himself so well that he was one of the few general officers concerned who escaped without censure, in the report of the Board that investigated the affair. Of both the expeditions against Fort Fisher, Col. Bell s brigade formed a part. When Gen. Terry was selected to undertake the second, it was clear to every mind that there was to be no failure, whatever the cost of success. In the final assault upon the works, now strengthened in every possible way, and defended with desperation, Col. Bell s brigade formed the third line of attack. At the signal for their advance, they pushed forward in admirable order, their leader, as was his custom, at their head, into the storm of fire. The Colonel had just congratulated a brother officer on the splendid behavior of the men, as they reached the ditch in front of the work, and a bullet from the rifle of a sharpshooter, on FO UR TH REGIMENT. 229 the crest of the parapet above them, struck him in the left breast and passed downward through his body. He fell, mortally wounded, and was tenderly borne by his comrades to the rear. But he would not leave the field till he could see the colors of his regiment upon the fort, and it was but a moment before his dying wish was gratified, and the tattered ensign of the Fourth was planted upon the ramparts of the captured strong hold. With the going down of the sun his life ebbed away, and the morning saw the spirit of the loyal, chivalrous an d accomplished soldier winging its flight from earth. On the day after the costly purchase of the national triumph, the Secretary of War arrived at Fort Fisher. By command of President Lincoln, he conferred upon Col. Bell the brevet rank of Brigadier General, dating from January 15th, the day when he received his fatal wound. Such is a brief sketch of the career of one of the noblest men who laid his life upon the altar of his country. Strictly conscientious in the performance of duty, thoroughly skilled in every detail of his position, tenderly solicitous for the safety and comfort of his men, and sharing every hardship and danger with them, hon orable, patriotic and eminent for prudence, coolness and courage, he was universally beloved and respected. The Fourth Regiment left Manchester for "Washing ton, D. C., on the 27th of September, receiving the customary hospitalities and attentions on the way, and arrived there on the 30th. They went into camp on the Bladensburg road, about a mile and a half from the city, immediately after which they were armed with Belgium rifles, and were at once put to drilling. The regiment remained here until the 9th of October, when they started to join Gen. Sherman s Expeditionary 230 THE ORE AT REBELLION. Corps, at Annapolis, Md., where they arrived the same day. The regiment was brigaded witk the Sixth and Seventh Connecticut, and Ninth Maine, under command of Brig. Gen. H. G. Wright, who was subsequently the popular commander of the Sixth Army Corps. On the 19th the regiment embarked on board the steamer Baltic, and in company with the rest of the expedition, sailed for Fortress Monroe, where it remain ed until the 29th, awaiting the preparation of the Navy, when the whole land and naval forces sailed under orders, the import of which was known only to the com mander of the expedition. The Baltic had in tow the ship Ocean Express, loaded with ammunition and ord nance. On the 30th the wind became strong and the sea rough, which threatened danger to the less staunch vessels of the fleet. About two o clock the next morn ing the Baltic struck on Frying Pan Shoals with a tre mendous crash. For a time there was imminent danger of a complete shipwreck, and the wildest excitement prevailed on board the Baltic. The steamer was finally relieved from her perilous condition, when a terrible gale ensued, which continued three days. On arrival at Port Royal, on the 4th of November, where the rest of the fleet had assembled, it was ascertained that the vessels Commodore Perry and Governor had been lost, though every person on board had been almost miracu lously saved. The Baltic was ordered to put to sea, and cruise about to find the Ocean Express, which was cut loose from the Baltic when she struck upon Frying Pan Shoals. She returned the next day, after an unsuc cessful search. During the storm the steamer Union had been driven ashore, and Quartermaster Sergeant Kelley, of the Fourth, with a squad of men, and the crew of the steamer, were made prisoners. On the morning of the 7th of November the gunboats commenced an attack on the rebel works at Hilton FO URTH REGIMENT. 231 Head, and the Wabash, Pawnee and Sabine opened their terrible broadsides on the enemy s batteries. For five hours about one shell per second fell upon each of the forts. Fifteen thousand men clustered in the rig ging and around the masts of the transports, to witness the grand spectacle. The fleet gradually neared the shore, and the rebel gunners replied but feebly and at intervals. At two o clock no response was received from the forts. The rebels left their intrenchments, and an hour later the stars and stripes superseded the rebel flag on the parapet, while the troops and sailors rent the air with their cheers. After nineteen days of confinement on shipboard, the Fourth went ashore at Hilton Head. The victory of the Navy was complete and glorious, with but very small loss. Nineteen can non were captured and an important post had been taken. The Fourth passed three months at Hilton Head, at work on fortifications, erecting wharves and landing stores, drilling only at intervals. At inspection one day Col. Whipple rebuked a soldier for having a dirty gun. " I know my gun is dirty," replied the man, " but I ve got the brightest shovel you ever saw, Colonel." The soldier s wit saved him from punishment. The arduous duties performed, together with the change of climate, told upon the health of the men, and funerals were of daily occurrence. Early in January, 1862, the Chaplain, M. W. Willis, was discharged on account of ill health. On the 21st, the Fourth, with other regiments, sailed from Hilton Head on an expedition down the coast. They came to an anchorage at "Warsaw Sound, Georgia, and the troops were landed on Warsaw Island, a marshy, un healthy spot, and remained on shore and on board, awaiting the arrival of the navy, until the 28th of Feb ruary, when the exuedition started again, and the next 232 TEE QREA T REBELLION. day arrived within twelve miles of Fernandina, Florida. On the 2d of March it was ascertained that the rebels had evacuated the place, and Fernandina and Bruns wick were occupied by our troops, the Fourth being encamped in the town. On the 8th of March the regiment, except Companies E and F, which were left at Fernandina, under com mand of Capt. Towle, as a provost guard, embarked on the steamer Boston, and in company with six gunboats proceeded down the coast and anchored for the night. The next morning the soldiers were distributed among the gunboats as sharpshooters. One boat crossed the bar and found that the batteries commanding the en trance to the river, which, with those further up, were very strong, had been evacuated the enemy leaving their guns and every thing in perfect order, without having fired a shot. The fleet proceeded up the St. Johns River, and found that the rebels were burning lumber and saw mills along its banks, most of which belonged to northern men. They had also burned two gunboats which were being built at Jacksonville. On the 12th, the regiment, except Company C, which was left at Mayport, and Company I, which went down the river with the Hurn, reached Jacksonville, where the inhabitants generally received them with gladness. Some of the inhabitants had left however, and large quantities of furniture and personal baggage were left in their hurry, piled up ready for transportation. On the 13th an advanced picket line was established, which was fired on the next day by scouts in the woods, and apprehending an attack, the supports fell back under cover of the gunboats, and barricaded the streets. "No attack was made, however. On the 15th Company G, having found a quantity of rum in the town, imbibed it very freely, got drunk, and mutinied. Companies H K charged bayonets on them, disarmed and ironed FO UR TH REGIMENT. 233 the leaders, and in the melee one member of Company G was killed. On the 17th a reconnoissance was made by Company H, five miles into the country, but a deserted camp of the enemy was all that was found. About this time, Colonel Whipple having resigned, his resignation was accepted, and he left the regiment to the regret of almost every officer and man. He was an excellent disciplinarian and an accomplished soldier. Lieut. Colonel Bell was promoted to Colonel, and Capt. Gilman E. Sleeper, of Company C, was promoted to Lieut, Colonel. While at Jacksonville the Fourth per formed much arduous duty. A skirmish occurred on picket in which the regiment lost two men killed, three wounded, and four taken prisoners. On the 8th of April General Hunter ordered the place evacuated, and Col. Bell with seven companies, was sent to garrison St. Augustine, on the coast. Companies B, H and K, under command of Major Drew, embarked on the 8th of June for James Island, South Carolina, and were temporarily assigned to the brigade com manded by Colonel Welch, of the Forty-fifth Pennsylva nia, and took part in several skirmishes and the engage ment at James Island, under Gen. Benham, but met with no loss. On the 12th of the same month tbese three companies were ordered to Beaufort, South Caro lina, and constituted a part of the garrison of the town during the summer. The seven companies stationed at St. Augustine passed the summer there without casual ties or incidents worthy of note. Fort Marion was put in good repair and the city in a state of defense. In September they were relieved by the Seventh New Hampshire, and joined the detachment at Beaufort. General Mitchell assumed command of the Department, and preparations were made for active movements. The Fourth was brigaded with the Third New Hamp shire, the Sixth Connecticut, Forty-seventh !N"ew York, 234 THE GREAT REBELLION. and Henry s Battery, commanded by Brig. Gen. Bran- nan. The Fourth participated in the battle of Pocotal- igo, an account of which is given in the history of the movements of the Third Regiment. The plan was- to capture the pickets and surprise the garrison, while a detachment in a light draught boat were to proceed up the river and burn the bridge. This plan was frustrated by a delay on the part of the gunboats, which gave the rebels time to obtain re-enforcements. The troops land ed and marched four miles, when the Forty-seventh New York engaged the enemy. Henry s Battery was thrown forward, supported by the Fourth New Hamp shire, which came under a heavy artillery fire in a small cotton field, through which ran the road to the bridge. The regiment formed line of battle and advanced to a marsh two hundred yards wide, on the opposite side of which was a rebel battery which hastily retreated. A sharp running skirmish of two miles ensued, in which a caisson and several prisoners were captured. The line was met by a raking fire from the defenses of the bridge, four hundred yards distant, across an impassable marsh, and only accessible by a narrow road. Trains loaded with re-enforcements were distinctly seen, show ing that further advance with the small force was im practicable. A heavy fire of musketry and artillery was opened upon both sides which lasted until night, when the Union troops were quietly withdrawn the Fourth taking the rear of the retreat. In this engagement the regiment lost three men killed and twenty-five wound ed. Colonel Bell was struck by the splinter of a shell. Capt. Wallace and Lieut. Mayne were both severely wounded by the same ball. Not a man flinched from his duty. For a time Col. Bell was disabled by his wound, and the regiment was commanded by Lieut. Col. Sleeper. Before night, however, Col. Bell returned and resumed command. The expedition failed and the FO UR TH REGIMENT. 235 regiment returned and went into winter-quarters at Beaufort, South Carolina, where they remained for five months doing picket duty and drilling. Thanksgiving and Christmas were observed in true New England fashion. During the year that had elapsed since the Fourth left the State, many changes had taken place in its or ganization. One colonel, two captains, three first lieu tenants and two second lieutenants had resigned; eleven officers had been promoted, and eight men had been promoted to officers from the ranks. One captain had been dismissed ; Capt. Currier and Lieut. Drew, and twenty-four men had died of disease ; three had been drowned, one killed by the enemy, and two by accident. The spring of 1863 opened with a great expedition against Charleston. On the 4th of April the Fourth Regiment received marching orders, embarked on trans ports and proceeded to Hilton Head, where it was brig aded with the Third and five companies of the Seventh New Hampshire, and Sixth Connecticut. The brigade was commanded by Col. H. S. Putnam, of the Seventh, and the division by Gen. A. H. Terry. The troops sail ed from Hilton Head to Stono Inlet, and remained on board awaitng the result of the bombardment of Fort Sumter by the navy. The navy not having succeeded in taking the fort, the troops were carried back to Hil ton Head on the llth of April. The brigade organiza tion was disbanded and the regiment went into camp. On the 17th of April a new brigade was organized, consisting of the Third and Fourth New Hampshire, the Sixth Connecticut, and a battalion of Sharpshooters, all under the command of Col. Louis Bell, of the Fourth, and assigned to Gen. Terry s division. On the 18th another expedition against Charleston was inaugu rated, under Gen. Gillmore, who was in command of the Department. The troops on transports arrived at 236 THE GREAT REBELLION. North Edisto River on the 19th, and had another time on shipboard, awaiting the arrival of the navy. On the 28th it was decided to abandon the expedition, and the whole force, both land and naval, sailed for Stono River, and the brigade was again broken up. The next day the Fourth arrived at Stono Inlet, disembarked on Folly Island and reported to Gen. Vogdes, commanding the United States forces on the island. The regiment en camped within two miles of the enemy s works on Mor ris Island, in a thick growth of pines, from whose tops Charleston harbor, with the surrounding forts could be plainly seen. During several weeks the time was occu pied in building fortifications and picketing the northern extremity of the island, about fifty yards from the rebel pickets, across a little inlet on Morris Island. The pickets agreed not to fire on each other, and had very agreeable intercourse, exchanged tobacco, coffee, and newspapers, sent across the inlet in small boats. The ladies occasionally came down from Charleston to take a look at the Yanks, and so the time passed, until the first of June, when the rebels, to save the cargo of a blockade runner, which had been grounded off Light House Inlet, midway between the two islands, opened a heavy fire upon the Union pickets, who built breast works of such light materials as were at hand, and screened from the view of the rebels by the thick bushes that lined the shore, and a dense thicket in the back ground, constructed masked batteries, unbeknown to the enemy, who supposed the sand works they could see were only protections to the pickets, and neglected to strengthen their fortifications, which might have been made impregnable to any direct assault. Thus the attempt to save the cargo of the blockade runner led to the capture of the island. On the night of the 17th of June, Company B, of the Fourth Regiment, commenced the first works in the FO UR TH REGIMENT. 237 last long siege of Charleston. One man was killed by a piece of shell. For twenty-one nights, and nearly as many days, the regiment constructed masked batteries, working in silence, no one being allowed to speak above a whisper. On the morning of the 8th of July the work was completed. Forty-four guns and mortars were in position, the magazine filled, and the embra sures cleared. Severe labor and want of sleep had so exhausted the men that they were obliged to relinquish the completion of the work they had so faithfully com menced, to fresh troops, drilled for the purpose. The Fourth joined Gen. Terry s command, and participated in a diversion upon James Island. On the morning of the 10th the batteries opened simultaneously upon the enemy, who were taken completely by surprise. A rebel officer, while surveying our pickets through a glass, suddenly exclaimed "By , the Yanks have mounted a gun over there." At that moment forty-four " peace makers " rained iron upon him. The advance was halted by the guns of Fort Wagner, and after two des perate and bloody charges it was determined to take that formidable work by regular approaches. On the same day the Fourth Regiment returned from James Island, and a lodgment having been effected by our forces on Morris Island, the Fourth was selected, for its coolness in working under fire, to report to Major Brooks, of Gen. Gillmore s staff, and in charge of siege works, for engineer duty. The approaches, consisting of five parallels, connected by " covered ways " or " zigzags," were carried for five hundred yards over a sandy strip of land, not three- fourths as wide as Fort Wagner, and bounded by marsh and ocean. At spring tide the surf filled the trenches. In front were forts Wagner, Gregg and Sumter ; a little to the right of Sumter was Fort Moultrie, and to the left Fort Johnson, and a long line of batteries on James 238 THE GREAT REBELLION. Island, designated by the men after their respective characters, as "Bull of the Woods,". "Mud Digger," " Peanut Battery," etc. The firp of all these forts and batteries was concentrated on this narrow compass the work-shop of thousands, upon which mortars, Colum- biads, Blakeleys, Armstrongs, Brooks and Whitworths, and shells of every calaber and kind, from the thirteen- inch mortar to the vindictive Whitworth, unceasingly fell. Shout " Cover " to any survivor of that terrible siege, and he will unwittingly look in the air for a com ing shell. The storm of iron was attended by a contin ual " zeeb " of bullets from Fort Wagner. On the night of the 23d of July the Fourth planted chevaux-de- frise, and dug a trench for the parallel. In this terri ble place, on the hot blistering sand, and under the blaz ing sun of South Carolina, or in the murky darkness of night, lighted by bursting shells, these defenders of the Union toiled unflinchingly for forty-six days. Bodies of the dead and wounded were continually being carried from the trenches. In the fierce excitement of battle, it is comparatively easy to face death, but to advance slowly, day after day, amid the dead and dying is far more horrible than charging the cannon s mouth. Con stant labor, the intense heat, and brackish water, caused disease which disabled more than half the number; and indeed those who stoutly resisted and manfully per formed their duties became almost ghastly thin. In the meantime Fort Sumter was rendered a huge, inoffensive pile of brick dust. The " Swamp Angel " tossed shells into the doomed city, and a sap was dug from the fifth parallel to the very ditch of Fort Wagner. On the morning of the 7th of September the line was formed for a final charge, when the news came that the fort was evacuated. For once the shovel had triumphed over the bayonet. Fort Gregg shared the same fate, and both were afterward rebuilt and named for Gen- FOURTH REGIMENT. 239 eral Strong and Colonel Putnam, both of whom fell in process of their reduction. The cool air of autumn brought renewed health, and the winter was passed in the ordinary routine of garrison and fatigue duty in the various forts and on picket duty on the island. About the middle of January, 1864, the Fourth was ordered to Beaufort, (South Carolina, where it was on garrison duty, and where the work of re-enlisting com menced under charge of Capt. F. W. Parker. In a week three hundred men had enlisted anew for three years, or during the war. On the 20th of February the regiment embarked on transports and proceeded to Hilton Head, and thence to Wilmington Island, up the Savannah river, and landed on "Wibmarsh Island, seven or eight miles from Savan nah, for the purpose of capturing a large number of negroes, engaged, under the direction of the rebel troops, in erecting fortifications to defend the approaches to the city. The force consisted of the Fourth New Hampshire and Eighty-fifth Pennsylvania, under com mand of Col. Ho well, of the latter regiment. The ex pedition proved a failure, the troops re-embarked, and the Fourth was ordered to proceed at once to Jackson ville, Florida, where they arrived on the 23d, and were at once put- at work erecting defenses for the city, pre paratory for an expected attack from the enemy, which, however, did not come. On the 26th the regiment again embarked and sailed for Beaufort, South Caro lina, where they arrived the next day. The number of re-enlisted men had been increased to three hundred and eighty-eight the largest number re-enlisted in any New Hampshire regiment all of whom received a furlough for thirty days, and under command of Colonel Bell, started for New Hampshire, and arrived on the 7th of March. The new recruits and the original men of the regiment who did not 240 THE GREAT REBELLION. re-enlist, to the number of over two hundred, remained at Beaufort, under command of Lieut. Colonel Drew. On the 12th of April this detatchment sailed for Fortress Monroe, and reported to General Butler, com manding the Department of Virginia and North Carolina. They were ordered to Gloucester Point, York River. During the month the veterans returned, and the Fourth was brigaded with the Eighth Maine, Fifty-fifth and Mnety-seventh Pennsylvania, under command of Col. R. White, of the Fifty-fifth, General Ames com manding the division, which formed a part of the Tenth Army Corps, in the Army of the James. On the 4th day of May this army started on trans ports for Bermuda Hundred, up the James river, where they arrived on the 6th. A line of works extending from the Appomattox to the James, six miles from Ber muda Hundred, was immediately thrown up. On the 9th an advance was made, and Ames division tore up several miles of the Petersburg and Richmond Railroad, and then, by a hasty march, joined the Eighteenth Corps at Swift Creek, where the enemy in force were attacked, and after a sharp fight, driven to the defenses of Peters burg, on the Appomattox. At night the rebels made a charge, but were severely repulsed. Next morning, heavy firing was heard in the direction of Gen. Terry s command, stationed at Lempster Hill, to repel any advance from Richmond. Ames Division hurried to the scene of action, but did not arrive until after the enemy had been handsomely repulsed. After one day s rest the army of the James started " on to Richmond." Slight skirmishing occurred on the first day. At night a heavy rain set in, and the troops lay down to rest upon ground where the rebel General Hoke had encamped the night before. The next day the Fourth advanced along the railroad, the Eighteenth Corps having the right and the Tenth Corps the left. A few hours brought FO UR TH REGIMENT. 241 them to the first line of the defenses of Richmond, when skirmishing at once commenced. A rattling fire was kept up until nearly night, when Terry s Division, having made a detour, came upon the rebel fiank, and the Third New Hampshire, supported by the Seventh, made a desperate and bloody charge. The Fourth was ordered to charge the works in front, and forward they went with a rush, over fences and ditches, and planted the flag on the ramparts which the enemy had hastily left. Gen. Gillmore now rode up amid repeated cheers. The Eighteenth Corps captured the right of the line the same evening, and thus the outer line of defenses was secured. The storm which had not ceased, raged with greater fury than ever, when news came that a large cavalry force was advancing on the Union line of com munication, to cut off their supplies, so through a drenching rain, deep mud and intense darkness, the Fourth hurried to guard against this threatened attack. At Chesterfield Court House, five miles from the start ing point, they were met by a volley from the enemy s carbines. Two companies were thrown out as skirmish ers, and the regiment was formed in hollow square to receive cavalry, and there, having reached the point to be guarded they remained all night. Early next morn ing the regiment was ordered back to aid in taking the second line of the enemy s works on Drury s Bluff. On the 14th day of May, the Fourth supported a battery, under a provoking fire, and at night relieved a portion of the skirmish line on the right of the railroad. In front, between them and the rebel lines, for a distance of five hundred yards, was a thick growth of under brush, affording fine cover for the enemy. The 15th was passed in continual sharp-shooting, and at night a light breastwork was thrown up. On the morning of the 16th a dense fog covered the earth. The rapid roll ing of a heavy fire of musketry was heard on the right. 242 THE GREAT REBELLION. The enemy were reported to be advancing in front, and the men put themselves in a position ef defense and calmly awaited the foe. Suddenly a line of rebels sprang out of the mist, as if by magic, within three rods of the Union line ; but they as quickly disappeared, for every rifle was emptied with deadly aim, and bayo nets were fixed for close work. The enemy, rallied by their officers, whose voices could be distinctly heard, advanced, and again retreated, with ranks fearfully shattered by another volley. The Union troops were formed in one line, with intervals of three paces, and had there been the least flinching the line would have been lost. Besides this the cartridges were nearly ex pended. The fire on the right grew heavier and nearer every moment, and seemed to break to the rear. An order from General Butler for the whole line to charge, put the troops in good spirits; they vainly suppos ing that affairs were prosperous, when, suddenly, the troops on the right of the Fourth, retreated in disorder. The brigade, however, advanced to charge, and were quickly met by a counter charge, the enemy appearing in overwhelming numbers in front and in rear of the right flank, within a few yards, virtually making prisoners of a portion of the regiment; but the men could not understand it in that light, and after doing all that men could do, they retreated under a perfect hail of bullets, from the right, left and front. Many fired at the enemy within a few feet and ran from under their bayonets. Corporal Plumer, of Company E, shot a rebel color- bearer ten paces off. A bullet pierced Capt. dough s hat, and when he took it off a shell took the crown out. The air seemed filled with missiles of death. Col. White, commanding the brigade, was taken prisoner, when Col. Bell rallied the men and held the enemy in check until a line could be formed sufficient to cover the retreat. FO UR TH REGIMENT. 243 The Fourth lost one hundred and forty-two men in this action, in killed, wounded and missing. Major Sawyer received a bullet wound in the shoulder, of which he died at home on the 23d of June. He was a brave officer and a most worthy man, respected and beloved by all who knew him. Lieut. Frank B. Hutch- inson, of Company E, was last seen firing his revolver within a few feet of the enemy. He knew no fear and shirked no duty. Capt. Wallace, of Co. C, was again severely wounded. The regiment marched back to Ber muda Hundred with sadly diminished ranks. On the 21st a severe skirmish took place, in which Lieuts. Brewster of Company B, and Stearns of Company C, were badly wounded. Several enlisted men were also more or less severely wounded, and twenty were taken prisoners. On the 28th of May the division left Bermuda Hun dred on transports, with orders to report to Gen. W. F. Smith, commanding the Eighteenth Corps, which was ordered to report to Gen. Meade, commanding the Army of the Potomac. They landed at White House, on the Pamunkey river, and there marched to Cold Harbor, on the 3d of June, where they arrived the morning after the battle. Eight days of living and fighting in the trenches followed, when on the 12th the Eighteenth Corps was ordered back to White House, and the next day went on boats down the Pamunkey and York rivers and up the James to Bermuda Hundred. On the 16th of June the Corps crossed the Appomat- tox at Broadway Landing, and marched directly to the defenses of Petersburg. The outworks were hand somely taken by colored troops, and a heavy line of earthworks developed, extending from the river over an interval and along the bluff, two miles from the city. The corps was formed in line, the colored troops on the left, and the division temporarily commanded by 244 THE GREAT REBELLION. Gen. Brooks next. It lay under fire until five o clock in the afternoon, then made a charge and captured the works. Col. Bell s brigade took one hundred and twenty-five prisoners and several pieces of artillery. Gen. Smith rode up and complimented the men for their gallantry. From the 16th of June, until the sur render of Lee in April of the succeeding year, Gen. Grant s shattered but unflinching army, stretching along from the Appomattox to a point beyond the "Weldon Railroad, fought many bloody battles and en dured untold hardships. The brigade returned to Bermuda Hundred on the 18th, but was ordered back to the lines before Peters burg, arriving there on the 23d. For thirty-six days Col. Bell s brigade remained in one position, on the left of what was afterward named Fort Stedman, and join ed the Ninth Corps. The advance picket trench was within two rods of the enemy, the main line being a short distance in the rear. An attempt to capture the enemy s advance trench was made on the 30th of June. Col. Bell opened a furious fire from the picket line, while another brigade was to charge. There was a blunder somewhere, and the result was a heavy loss and nothing gained. The regiment lost fifty men in killed and wounded, while performing ordinary trench duty. This was one of the darkest times during the rebellion thousands of noble men lost, and not a complete vic tory gained. Only once was there a cessation of fire. One morning the "Yanks" and "Johnnies" simultane ously dropped their rifles, and in a minute were together swapping coffee for tobacco, and pleasantly chatting together. The regiment took part in the famous battle of the " Mine," on the 30th of July. The previous night the Division, under command of Gen. Turner, was quietly withdrawn from the front and massed in rear of and FO UR TH REGIMENT. 245 near the covered way leading to the Mine. About half- past four o clock in the morning the earth was shaken by the explosion, and the artillery immediately opened. It was a grand commencement, and seemed, as a man remarked, " like forty-four Fourths of July rolled into one." The crater of the blown up fort was quickly taken by a part of the Mnth Corps, in which was the Sixth, Kinth and Eleventh ISTew Hampshire. Col. Bell s brigade advanced on the right and took a position under a terrible enfilading fire from a battery just across a ravine, on a knoll. Men were literally mowed down, and lay dead as if in ranks. A sharp fire upon the rebel gunners saved them from greater loss. A division of colored troops was ordered up, but they had never been under a heavy fire before, and acted very much like other raw troops. The plan was to charge immediately, but something was wrong, and the troops suffered for the blunder. The air seemed filled with bursting shells, the hiss of canister, and the shriek of raking grape. The heat was intense, and many men fell from sun stroke. The rebels made an advance in strong force, the negroes became panic stricken, and instead of re treating, mixed up in awful confusion. They formed a breastwork for the rebels, for to fire was to hit them, and to advance was impossible. It seemed an easy thing to beat back the rebels if the negroes had been out of the way. This delay gave the enemy the advantage, and so the Fourth retreated to the intrenched line. Col. Bell reformed his brigade, planted the colors on the earthworks, and held the line until relieved, at four o clock in the afternoon, by Gen. Stevens brigade. The regiment lost fifty out of two hundred men, in killed and wounded. Capt. Clough, commanding the regi ment, was wounded when the retreat commenced, and Capt. Parker took command. That night the regiment took its old Dosition in the trench, and the next day 246 THE GREAT REBELLION. marched to Bermuda Hundred, under a burning sun, from which the tired soldiers suffered very much. Here the regiment had twelve days of rest, except their turn on picket. Another movement was to be made north of the James, simultaneously with one on the "Weldon Railroad. The Tenth Corps crossed the river in the night of the 13th of August, and at break of day the leading brigade took the enemy s outer line of works. The negroes handsomely redeemed their reputation, which had suf fered at the Mine, by making a successful charge. The Fourth was engaged all day in skirmishing. The next day a movement was made to get in rear of the enemy s line at Malvern Hill, which was accomplished by Grant s well known flanking operations. One brigade was kept closely skirmishing with the enemy, while another moved around to the right. A sorry accident closed the incidents of the day. Tirn Reardon, a tall Milesian, of Company G, mistaking the position of our forces, rode into the enemy s lines with sixteen canteens of whisky; "a drop of comfort" for the Johnnies, but a sad mistake for poor Tim and his expectant comrades. During the night, while guarding one of the main thor oughfares leading to Richmond, Lieut. Stephen J. Went- worth, of Company K, a brave young officer, fell while leading his company forward as skirmishers, in a sharp encounter with the enemy who made their appearance in a thick wood. On the morning of the 16th Gen. Terry s Division, in a gallant charge, took a strong line of works in the rear of Malvern Hill. The enemy advanced in strong force and attempted to recapture the line. The division slowly withdrew behind the breastworks, but with heavy loss. The enemy closely followed, and charged fiercely on the line of works, but were sent quickly back with broken ranks. Several officers in command of the brig- FO UR TH REGIMENT. 247 ade, were wounded, and Capt. Parker, of the Fourth, succeeded to the command, and while the forward move ment was being made, directed the change of position ; but in his turn was disabled by a severe wound in the neck, just as the enemy were repulsed. A second charge was made by the rebels with more success. The Fourth lost in the action forty-five men killed and wounded. Capt. Hobbs, of Company A, took command of the regiment, and the Tenth Corps shortly withdrew to Bermuda Hundred. A captain was in command of the brigade, and only one captain was left for duty in the Fourth Regiment. After a few days of rest the Second Division was again moved to the front of Petersburg, and took posi tion under the constant dropping of iron and lead from the rebel lines. The time of enlistment of the original men expired on the 18th of September, when Lieut. Col. Drew, several other officers, and one hundred and seventy-four enlisted men took their departure for New Hampshire. Of the three hundred and eighty-eight who re-enlisted in February, and over seven hundred recruits, only a small number remained fit for duty, and at the attack on Fort Gilmer, on the 29th of Sep tember, only forty men could be mustered for the fight. This was one of the most bloody battles in which the regiment was ever engaged. Until near the middle of December the Fourth was engaged in picket and trench dut}- north of the James, On the 12th of December, an expedition against Fort Fisher having been planned, a fleet with a large num ber of troops on board, left Hampton Roads, and landed on the 24th. After a careful survey Gen. "Weitzel decid ed that the fort was impregnable by direct assault, and the expeditionary corps returned to their former position north of the James, and went into winter quarters near the picket line. A second expeditionary corps against 248 THE GREAT REBELLION. Fort Fisher was organized, in which. Gen. Terry was to command, and Gen. Ames was to do the hard fight ing, composed of troops who had shown valor under the most trying circumstances. Every man of the Fourth Regiment, capable of doing duty, was brought into the ranks, and the regiment was commanded by Capt. John H. Roberts. On the 13th of January, 1865, the fleet moved into line and opened fire. The troops were landed through a heavy surf on a hard beach, about five miles north of the fort. Gen. Paine s di vision and Gen. Abbott s brigade were sent to prevent an advance from the enemy above. Gen. Ames formed his division across the narrow tongue of land which separates Cape Fear river from the ocean, and moved forward about two miles toward the fort, where he threw up a hasty line of works and made a careful reconnoissance. The bombardment, scarcely paralleled in history, which paved Fort Fisher with iron, con tinued without cessation till three o clock on the after noon of the 15th. This was one of the very strongest of the rebel works, and it was to be determined whether or not it could be taken ; and this little veteran division, consisting of men from New Hampshire, N"ew Tork, Pennsylvania and Indiana, led by Gen. Ames, had this momentous question entrusted to their hands. It was a duty to make the stoutest heart quail. A force of marines at first charged the sea-face of the fort, and were repulsed after a gallant fight. Just at the instant when the rebel garrison were crowding to the sea-face, exultant with their victory, and pouring their fire into the retreating marines, Gen. Curtis brigade dashed forward upon the angle near Cape Fear river, closely followed by Pennypaeker s and Bell s brigades. The movement was successful. The gate and one mound were gamed, though the road to the former lay over a broken bridge, enfiladed and crossed by a murderous FO UR TH REGIMENT. 249 fire. Gallantly leading his brigade, Col. Bell had almost gained the bridge, when a shot struck him, and he fell mortally wounded. A moment later and the tattered colors of his regiment were planted on the first mound of the fort. Thus fell the Colonel of the Fourth New Hampshire, dearly beloved and deeply mourned by his brigade. Dignified, yet genial; brave, yet cautious; never sacrificing lives uselessly; ever ready to share danger and hardship with his men; no influence or peril could deter him from doing his duty, or shake a resolution once formed. The gate and captured mound formed the base of operations against the rest of the fort, though to any but iron nerved men it would have proved but a slen der foothold ; for the rebels still had the advantage of superior numbers twelve mounds to one, and Fort Buchanan below, to rake the inside of the work. Admiral Porter kept up a continued and harassing fire. The division fought with the greatest desperation. The fire of the enemy was well directed and incessant. The contest continued till after ten o clock in the evening, and nine of the traverses were taken. The men were almost exhausted and the ranks were fear fully decimated. The enemy s fire had almost ceased when Gen. Abbott s brigade entered the fort, and the remainder of the rebels soon after surrendered. The fierce and prolonged struggle was over, and victory was proclaimed by a blaze of rockets from the fleet and the triumphant cheers of the men on shore. Instances of individual gallantry in the Fourth Regiment were numerous, and many of them will never be known to the world. Capt. Roberts, who had been in every battle, siege and march of the regiment, was very active and efficient throughout the fight. Adjutant Challis was disabled in the first of the fight by a piece of shell, but recovered in time to assist in taking the 250 THE ORE AT REBELLION. fifth traverse, in which were rallied the colors of seven different regiments within the space of a few feet. There was a terrible conflict to gain ftie seventh, and quite a number of attempts had failed, when Adjutant Challis collected thirty-five men from the several regi ments of the division, and charged directly upon the rebel garrison. The fight was short, desperate and successful. Color Sergeant Plumer, who had planted the flag on the first mound, now, in advance of all, placed the broken standard on the eighth mound, so near the rebel flag that the stars and stripes actually flapped against the southern cross. About this time he fell badly wounded. Capt. Huckins, of Company K, was specially complimented for his coolness and efficien cy while acting upon the staff of Gen. Ames, who was the leader and guide of every movement of the contest. That night, as all that were left of the Fourth Xew Hampshire were sleeping over a magazine, it suddenly exploded, thus adding to the already long list of casualties. The regiment remained at Fort Fisher until the llth of February, when the advance on Wilmington was commenced. Capt. Parker, who had been wounded at Deep Bottom, had been commissioned Lieutenant Colonel, and having recovered from his wound, returned to the regiment and assumed command. The rebel forces under Gen. Hoke were stationed at Sugar Loaf Battery, about two miles from the Union picket line. A night expedition, planned to get into their rear, failed. Ames division was ordered to Smithfield, on the opposite side of Cape Fear river, where they joined Gen. Cox s division of the Twenty-third Corps, and by a rapid movement on the night of the 18th, invested Fort Anderson, just in time to find it evacuated, and the garrison of three thousand men gone. They were pursued and fled beyond Wilmington, leaving the city FO UR TH REGIMENT. 251 in the possession of the Union army. Here the regiment had a period of needed rest. On the 10th of March the Tenth Corps marched to join Gen. Sherman on information that he had arrived at Fayetteville. Sher man s whole army passed the Corps at Cox s Bridge, fresh from their battle and victory at Averysboro. After a short rest the Tenth Corps was detailed to open and guard the railroad from Wilmington .to Golds- borough. The Fourth was stationed along the road between Wilmington and Little Washington. Supplies having been forwarded to the main army, the whole force once more pushed on to finish the enemy. Lieut. Col. Parker and Adjutant Challis were captured when a short distance outside the picket line, by a squad of Wheeler s cavalry; thus being afforded the pleasure of seeing the rebel army collapse, when the news was received of Lee s surrender. Through the exertions of Gov. Frederick Smyth, the Fourth was mustered out, and arrived home on the 27th of August. The city of Manchester gave them a grand reception. Gov. Smith welcomed the regiment in an eloquent speech. One hundred and forty veterans returned with the regiment. Fifty were mustered out in hospitals. During the four years 1394 men were members of the Fourth. Of these 282 were killed in action or died of disease ; 340 were discharged for disability occasion ed by wounds or disease, and 57 died in rebel prisons. Thus after four years of arduous and honorable service, the Fourth Regiment ceased to exist as an organization, and its members returned to their peaceful avocations. 252 THE GREAT REBELLION FIFTH REGIMENT. The Fifth Regiment was raised under the same call and paid the same bounty as the Third and Fourth. It rendezvoused and was mustered into the United States service at Concord, its muster being completed on the 26th of October, 1861, and reported ready for active ser vice. The whole organization numbered ten hundred and ten, including a good band and a corps of buglers, attached to each company, and it left the State for the seat of war, on the 29th of October. The colors were presented by Gov. Berry, and received by Col. Cross with appropriate and earnest speeches. Previous to the day of departure the men were given three days fur lough, in which to visit their homes and friends, and to many of them it was, alas, their last visit. The following were the field, staff and company officers of the regi ment, and their record, during its term of service : FIELD AND STAFF OFFICERS. COLONELS Edward E. Cross, of Lancaster. Killed at Gettysburg, July 2, 1863. Charles E..Hapgood, of Amherst. Wounded July 16, 1864. Honorably discharged Oct. 14, 1864. Richard E. Cross, of Lancaster. Revoked April 29, 1865. Lieut. Colonels Samuel G. Langley, of Manchester. Resigned Dec. 1, 18G2. Charles E. Hapgood, of Amherst. Promoted to Colonel July 3, 1863. Richard E. Cross, of Lancaster. Cashiered Aug. 4, 1864. Disability resulting from dismissal removed, Jan. 16, 1865. Appointed Colonel Feb. 21, 1865. James E. Larkin, of Concord. Mustered out Oct. 12, 1864 FIFTH REGIMENT. 253 Welcome A. Crafts, of Milan. Appointed Colonel U. S. V. by brevet, for gallant and meritorious conduct during the war, to date from March 13, 1865. Mustered out as Lieut. Colonel June 28, 1865. Majors William W. Cook, of Derry. Resigned July 17, 1862. Edward E. Sturtevant, of Concord. Killed at Fredericksburg Dec. 13, 1862. James E. Larkin, of Concord. Promoted to Lieut. Colonel Sept. 6, 186*1. "Welcome A. Crafts, of Milan. Promoted to Lieut. Colonel Oct. 28, 1864. Thomas L. Livermore, of Milford. Promoted to Colonel 18th N. H. Regt. Jan. 17, 1865. Adjutants Charles Dodd, of Boston, Mass. Resigned June 13, 1863. Elias H. Marston, of North Hampton. Mustered out October 22, 1864. James W. Flood. Mustered out June 28, 1865. Quartermasters Edward M. Webber, of Somersworth. Mustered out Oct. 25, 1864. Owen T. Cummings, of Enfield. Declined March 15, 1864. Surgeons Luther M. Knight, of Franklin. Resigned May 28, 1863. John W. Buckman, of Lancaster. Mustered out Oct. 26, 1864. William Child, of Bath. Mustered out June 28, 1865. Ass t Surgeons John W. Buckman, of Lancaster. Promoted to Surgeon June 1, 1863. William Child, of Bath. Promoted to Surgeon Oct. 28, 1864. Charles M. Trask, of Stewartstown. Mustered out Dec. 27, 1864. D. A. Robinson, of Milan. Mustered out June 28, 1865. Chaplains Elijah R. Wilkins, of Lisbon. Resigned June 18, 1862. Milo M. Ransom, of Lisbon. Resigned Jan. 27, 1863. Silas F. Dean, of Manchester. Mustered out June 28, 1865. 254 THE GREAT REBELLION. Sergeant Majors Daniel K. Cross, of Hanover. Promoted to Seconji Lieut. Feb. 23, 1862. George A. Gay, of Newmarket. Promoted to Second Lieut. Sept. 11, 1862 Charles F. Liscomb, of Lebanon. Promoted to Second Lieut. Oct. 1, 1862. Lee C. Sears, of ISTew York City. Promoted to Second Lieut. Dec. 14, 1862. Charles A. Hale. Promoted to Second Lieut. March 1, 1863. Elias H. Marston, of North Hampton. Promoted to Adjutant July 1, 1863. Mason W. Humphrey, of Water bnry, Vt. Promoted to Second Lieut. Oct. 2, 1863. Benjamin S. Wilson, of Hillsborough. Promoted to Second Lieut. 1st. U. S. Vols., Oct. 28, 1863. Edward Lussoy. Died of wounds. Eufus K Pearl. Mustered out June 28, 1865 Quartermaster Sergeants John A. Duren, of Keene. irromoted to Second Lieut. April 21, 1863. Owen T. Cummings, of Enfield. Mustered out Oct. 29, 1864. Albert Gill. Mustered out June 28, 1865. Commissary Sergeants I. W. Hammond, of Concord. Mustered out Oct. 28, 1864. Levi Johnson, of Claremont. Discharged by order of War Department, May 30, 1865. Jonas Adams. Mustered out June 28, 1865. Hospital Stewards Charles M. Trask, of Stewartstown. Promoted to Assistant Surgeon June 1, 1863. Edwin A. Knight, Mustered out June 28, 1865. Principal Musicians Daniel Johnson. Not officially accounted for. Ephraim McDaniel. Discharged for disability Oct. 31, 1862. Addison W. Heath. Mustered out Oct. 29, 1864. Enoch Clement. Mustered out June 28, 1865. FIFTH REGIMENT. 255 Alfred A. Libby. Mustered out June 28, 1865. Leader of Band Addison Adams, of Concord. Mustered out Aug. 8, 1862. COMPANY OFFICERS. Co. A. Captains Edward E. Sturtevant, of Concord. Promoted to Major July 30, 1862. James E. Larkin, of Concord. Promoted to Major July 3, 1863. O Neill R. Twitchell, of Dummer. Mustered out -June 28, 1865. First Lieuts. James E. Larkin, of Concord. Promoted to Captain July 31, 1862. John W. Bean, of Dan bury. Prumoted to Captain Dec. 16, 1862. Charles E. Liscomb, of Lebanon. Died Jan. 5, 1864. John W. Crosby, of Milford. Honorably discharged July 24, 1864. Warren Ryder. Killed April 7, 1865. Second Lieuts. Stephen E. Twombly, of Milton. Resigned May 10, 1862. Albert G. Cummings, of Enfield. Promoted to First Lieut Nov. 10, 1862. "William 0. Lyford, of Laoonia. Promoted to First Lieut. March 2, 1863. Ruel G. Austin, of Claremont. Died July 27, 1863. George L. Hersom, of Milton. Promoted to First Lieut. July 2, 1864. Co. B. Captains Edmund Brown, of Lancaster. Discharged Feb. 2, 1862. Thomas J. Rice, of Boston, Mass. Resigned Sept. 10, 1862. Welcome A. Crafts, of Milan. Promoted to Major, Sept. 6, 1864. Henry S. Hilliard, of Stewartstown. Captured April 7, 1865. Re-captured April 10, 1865. Mustered out June 28, 1865. First Lieuts. Welcome A. Crafts, of Milan. Promoted to Captain Sept 11, 1862. 256 THE GREAT REBELLION. John S. Kicker, of Milton. Promoted to Captain, Dec. 18, 1862. Augustus D. Sanborn, of Franklin. Promoted to Captain, Feb. 1, 1864. George R. Shapleigb, of Rollinsford. Killed in action June 16, 1864. Cbarles Jenkins. Discharged for disability, Feb. 18, 1865. Jobn G. Simonds. Discharged for disability, May, 15, 1865. Second Lieuts. R. R. Somes, of Laconia. Promoted to First. Lieut. Feb. 16, 1862. James "W. Parks, of New York City. Promoted to First Lieut. Sept. 8, 1862. O Neill R. Twitchell, of Dummer. Promoned to First Lieut. Dec. 18, 1862. Robert S. Dame, of Concord. Promoted to First Lieut. March 3, 1863. John A. Duren of Keene. Promoted to First Lieut. Oct. 1, 1863. Henry S. Hilliard, of Stewartstown. Dismissed Oct. 10, 1864. Disability resulting from dismissal removed Dec. 13, 1864. Elijah F. Harden. Mustered out, June 28, 1865. Co. C. Captains James B. Perry, of Lebanon. Killed at Fredericksburg, Dec. 13, 1862. John S. Bicker of Milton. Promoted to Major, March 15, 1865. First Lieuts. Nathan H. Randlett, of Lebanon. Promoted to Captain, Sept. 8, 1862. James W. Parks, of New York City. Resigned Jan. 13, 1863. Everett S. Fitch, of Lebanon. Wounded June 3, 1863. Promoted to Captain, July 1, 1864. George S. Gove, of Raymond. Mustered out Oct. 12, 1864. Ira T. Bronson. Mustered out June 28, 1865. Second Lieuts. Wm. A. Moore, of Littleton. Promoted to First Lieut., Feb. 1, 1862. John W. Lawrence, of Claremont. Resigned Oct. 23, 1862. FIFTH REGIMENT. 257 Everett S. Fitch, of Lebanon. Promoted to First Lieut. March 1, 1863. Mason "W". Humphrey, of Waterbury, Yt. Promoted to First Lieut. Feb. 1, 1864. John W. Spaulding, of Claremont. Wounded June 3, 1864. Honorably discharged Nov. 5, 1864. George Yazier. Revoked June 2, 1863. Co. D. Captains John Murray, of Newcastle. Killed at Fredericksburg Dec. 13, 1862. Samuel S. Quinn, of Keene. Resigned Feb. 17, 1863. George F. Goodwin, of Lebanon, Me. Killed at Cold Harbor, June 3, 1864. Everett S. Fitch, of Lebanon. Mustered out Oct. 12, 1864. First Lieuts. Geo. W. Balloch, of Great Falls. Promoted to Captain and C. S. Vols., July 21, 1862. Breveted Colonel July 22, 1865, to date from March 13, 1865. Daniel K. Cross, of Hanover. Transferred to Co. G. Samuel S. Quinn, of Keene. Promoted to Captain, Dec. 17, 1862. Nathaniel F. Low, of Randolph. Mustered out Oct. 30, 1864. Thomas Waburton. Mustered out June 28, 1865. Second Lieuts. Samuel F. Varney, of Rochester. Resigned April 13, 1862. John S. Ricker, of Milton. Promoted to First Lieut. Sept. 11, 1862. George A. Gay, of Newmarket. Killed at Antietam, Sept. 17, 1862. Charles F. Liscomb, of Lebanon. Promoted to First Lieut. Dec. 19, 1862. Nathaniel F. Low, of Randolph. Promoted to First Lieut. July 1, 1863. George R. Shapleigh, of Rollinsford. Promoted to First Lieut. Feb. 1, 1864. "William Whittaker, of Stoddard. Discharged Nov. 10, 1864. Co. E. Captains Ira McL. Barton, of Newport. Resigned Sept. 6, 1862. 258 THE GREAT REBELLION. Nathan II. Eandlett, of Lebanon. Honorably discharged March 2, 1863. Thomas L. Livermore, of ftilford. Promoted to Major Oct. 28, 1864 John R. McCrillis. Discharged for disability May 4, 1865. First Lieuts. Thomas J. Rice, of Boston, Mass. Promoted to Captain Feb. 16, 1862. William A. Moore, of Littleton. Transferred to Co. F May 11, 1862. Dexter G. Reed, of Newport. Resigned Nov. 6, 1862. Sumner F. Hurd. of Newport Resigned May 2, 1863. Charles A. Hale, of Lebanon. Honorably discharged Aug. 11, 1864. Charles E. Ellerback. Mustered out June 28, 1865. Second Lieuts. Dexter GT. Reed, of Newport. Promoted to First Lieut. May 11, 1862. Sumner F. Ilurd, of Newport. Promoted to First Lieut. Nov. 10, 1862. George Nettleton, of Clareniont. Killed at Fredericksburg, Dec. 13, 1862. William McGee, of Philadelphia, Pa. Promoted to First Lieut. Nov. 16, 1863. Sampson W. Townsend, of Wakefield. Wounded July 3, 1864. Honorably discharged Sept. 6, 1864. Co. F. Captains Horace T. II. Pierce, of Keene. Resigned Jan. 29, 1863. Albert G. Cummings, of Enlield. Mustered out Oct. 6, 1864. Charles A. Hale, of Lebanon. Mustered out June 28, 1865. First Lieuts. Moses W. Rand, of Gorham. Resigned April 26, 1862. William A. Moore, of Littleton. Promoted to Captain Nov. 10, 18G2. Albert G. Cummings, of Entield. Promoted to Captain March 1, 1863. Joseph B. Fay, of Amherst, Mustered out Oct. 28, 1864. George F. Guppy, of Rochester. , Promoted to Captain May 1, 1865. FIFTH REGIMENT. 259 Second Lieuts. Samuel S. Quinn, of Keene. Promote,! to First Lieut. Aug. 1, 1862. George F. Goodwin, of Lebanon, Me. Promoted to First Lieut. Dec. 1 7, 1862. Lee C. Sears. Died Jan. 11, 1863. Joseph B. Fay, of Amherst. Promoted to First Lieut. July 3, 1868. George Vose, of Amherst. Mustered out Oct. 29, 1864. Oo. G. Captains Charles H. Long, of Claremont. Resigned Nov. 6, 1862. Jacob "W. Keller, of Claremont. Honorably discharged Jan. 26, 1864 Augustus D. Sanboru, of Franklin. Mustered out Oct. 30, 1864 "William Collins. Wounded severely April 7, 1865. Died of wounds April 29, 1865 First Lieuts. Jacob W. Keller, of Claremont. Promoted to Captain July 26, 1862. Samuel S. Quinn, of Keene. Promote 1 to Captain Dec. 17, 1862. Daniel K. Cross, of Hanover. Honorably discharged Nov. 15, 1863. Mason W. Humphrey, of AVaterbury Yt. Killed "at Cold Harbor, June 3, 1864. Rodney H. Ramsey, of Charlestown. Mustered out June 28, 1865. Second Lieuts. Charles O. Ballou, of Claremont. Promoted to First Lieut. Feb. 18, 1862. Daniel K. Cross, of Hanover. Promoted to First Lieut, Aug. 1, 1862. Samuel B. Little, of Claremont. Wounded at Fredericksburg Dec. 13, 1 802. Died of wounds Dec. 24, 1862. John W. Crosby, of Milford. Promoted to First Lient. Jan. 6, 1864. Daniel Libby, of Tuftonborough. Mustered out Oct. 30, 1864. Issachar W. Smith. Discharged by order of War Department, May 29, 1865. Co. H. Captains Richard R. Davis, of AVolfeborou h. Resigned July 25, 1862. William A. Moore, of Littleton. Killed at Fredericksburg, Dec. 13, 1862. 260 THE GREAT REBELLION. Jauvrin W. Graves, of Tuftonborough. Honorably discharged Dec. 9, 1864. Jonathan C. S. Twitchell. Mustered out June 28, 1866. First Lieuts. Richard E. Cross, of Lancaster. Promoted to Captain Feb. 17, 1862. Jauvrin W. Graves, of Tufionboroujjh. Promoted to Captain Dec. 14, 1862. William 0. Lyford, of Laconia. Honorably discharged Nov. 6, 1863. William McGee, of Philade lpliia, Pa. Mustered out Dec. 22, 1864. Theron A. Farr. Mustered out June 28, 1865. Second Lieuts.J. W. Graves, of Tuftonborough. Promoted to First Lieut. Feb. 17, 1862! Henry B. Randall, of Wolfeborough. Resigned Sept. 6, 1862. Charles W. Bean, of ^orthwood. Died of wounds Oct. 10, 1862. Augustus D. Sanborn, of Franklin. Promoted to First Lieut. Dec. 20, 1862. Charles A. Hale, of Lebanon. Promoted to First Lieut. July 2, 1863. Wendell R. Cook, of Clarernont. Mustered out Oct. 15, 1864. Benjamin Howe. Mustered out June 28, 1865. Co. I. Captains Charles E. Hapgood, of Amherst. Promoted to Lieut. Colonel Dec. 14, 1862. John W. Bean, of Danbury. Wounded June 3, 1864. Honorably discharged Sept 20, 1864. Augustus J. Hoitt, of Northwood. Mustered out June 28, 1865. First Lieuts. -Elijah W. Johnson, of Canaan. Resigned Jan. 24, 1862. Rinaldo R. Somes, of Laconia, Resigned June 10, 1862. Francis W. Butler, of Bennington. Promoted to Captain Dec. 15, 1862. O Neill R. Twitchell, of Dummer. Promoted to Captain Oct. 1, 1863. FIFTH REGIMENT. 261 John A. Duren, of Keene. Taken prisoner at Cold Harbor, June 3, 1864. Released. Mustered out March 16, 1865. Second Lieuts. John W. Bean, of Danbury. Promoted to First Lieut. July 31, 1862. George W. George, of Amherst. Honorably discharged March 7, 1863. George C. Flanders, of Danbury. Discharged July 20, 1863. Arthur H. Perkins, of Danbury. Mustered out Nov. 6, 1864 Isaac L. Gardiner, Promoted to First Lieut. May 5, 1865 Co. X. Captains Richard Welch, of Plaistow. Discharged by War Department Feb. 15, 1862 Richard E. Cross, of Lancaster. Promoted to Major Dec. 14, 1862 Francis W. Butler, of Bennington. Died of wounds, July 30, 1864. Asel B. Griggs. Honorably discharged June 10, 1865. First Lieuts. James B. David, of Amherst. Discharged by War Department Feb. 15, 1862. Charles 0. Ballon, of Claremont. Killed at Fredericksburg, Dec. 13, 1862. Thomas L. Livermore, of Milford. Promoted to Captain March 3, 1863. Robert S. Dame, of Concord. Mustered out Oct. 6, 1864. James E. Follansbee. Wounded April 7, 1865. Not officially accounted for. Second Lieuts. F. W. Butler, of Bennington. Promoted to First Lieut. June 10, 1862. Thomas L. Livermore, of Milford. Promoted to First Lieut. Dec. 14, 1862. Thomas H. "Walker, of Durham. Resigned June 11, 1863. George S. Gove, of Raymond. Promoted to First Lieut. July 1, 1864. Robert H. Chase, of Claremont. Killed at Ream s Station, Oct 6, 1864. "Warren H. Fletcher, of Claremont. Mustered out June 28, 1865. 262 THE ORE AT REBELLION. COLONEL EDWARD E. CROSg. Colonel Cross was born at Lancaster on the 22d of April, 1832. His father, Hon. Ephraim Cross, was once a State Senator, and his mother was a daughter of Hon. Richard C. Everett, of Lancaster, who had been an Associate Justice of the Court of Common Pleas. With such education as he could acquire at the public schools and an academy, at the age of fifteen years Col. Cross entered the printing office of the Coos County Democrat, published by Hon. James M. Rix, where he remained two years, when he went to Canada, to assist his father in steamboat-building, and visited the cities and other places of interest in British America. When twenty years old he went to Cincinnati, Ohio, and was for a time employed as a reporter in the Atlas office, and was afterward local editor of the Cincinnati Daily Times. He was for two sessions of Congress special correspondent of that paper at Washington, during which time he also wrote spicy letters for the New York Herald and other influential journals, in all of which he displayed considerable ability as a political and general writer. "While at Washington he was appointed Adjutant of an Ohio regiment of infantry raised for service in Utah, but for some reason the regiment was not mustered into service. In 1857 Col. Cross traveled extensively in the United States and Canada, and contributed a series of interesting letters to the newspaper press. Afterward he journeyed to the "Plains" of the far West, to the wild Indian region of northern Minnesota, and the country of the Yellow Medicine River and the Upper Missouri. While visiting the latter places he was associated with a party of trappers and buffalo hun ters, during which they had several encounters with the * n S % GE Perme N.Yorls- C Q L E D WAR D E . C R O 5 th NH.V FIFTH REGIMENT. 263 Sioux and Cheyenne Indians. During these travels Col. .Cross wrote letters for different newspapers and pre pared several illustrated articles upon travel for popular magazines. He also wrote many sketches and gems of poetry over the signature of " Richard Everett," which were quite generally admired. In 1858, with a small party, he started for Arazona, with a view to establish ing a mining company in that then newly organized ter ritory. They took with them the first steam engine and printing press transported across the Rocky Mountains. Their journey was seventeen hundred miles in length, extending through northern Texas via El Paso del R"orte and La Mesilla, and requiring six months for its accomplishment. A great portion of the way lay through the wild and romantic regions of the Camanche and Apache Indians. These tribes were then very hostile to the whites, and the little company of pioneers were in constant danger of attack. At one time Col. Cross, with five of his companions followed a warlike band of Apaches for fourteen days, two of whom were killed and several wounded. In these skirmishes he won the reputation of an intrepid Indian scouter and fighter. On one occasion the party were three days without food and thirty hours without water. Finally, rendered almost insane by hunger, they came out on New Year s day at the overland mail station at Apache Pass in Arizona. The expedition was not successful on account of the limited number of whites in the territory and the frequent inroads of hostile tribes of Indians. A paper was established called the "Arizonian," while editing which Col. Cross had difficulty with a Lieut. Mowry, and by Lira was challenged. This was the general mode of settling personal difficulties in that country, and Col. Cross did not feel that he could decline the challenge and retain the respect and confidence of the people among whom he was settled. They fought with rifles 264 THE GREAT REBELLION. at thirty paces. At the first fire Mowry s ball grazed Col. Cross right cheek, while the ball of the latter passed through the Lieutenant s coat. *At the second round Mowry s rifle missed fire, and he claimed the priv ilege of shooting at his opponent unarmed. The affair now assumed a most serious character, but Col. Cross, nothing daunted, threw down his weapon and coolly folding his arms stood up to receive the fire of his oppo nent. Mowry, astonished and impressed at the noble conduct of his adversary, dropped his rifle and exclaimed, " I can t fire at such a man as that." Thus the unfor tunate difficulty happily terminated. This event secured for Col. Cross the reputation of a man of the highest nerve and bravery. The state of society at Arazona was at that time devoid of law and order. Lynch courts were of fre quent occurrance, and Col. Cross was often called to preside over them. He twice crossed the " Plains " and visited the Atlantic States, and took out- another mining company from St. Louis, Missouri. The national troops were withdrawn from the territory of Arazona and the Indians became very troublesome. Several expeditions were sent out against them, which Col. Cross invariably commanded. While he was ab sent on a march against the Apaches, a portion of the tribe attacked the mining company from St. Louis and murdered nearly every member of the party. During his residence in Arazona, Col. Cross took great pains to examine the country, and collect full and valuable notes of the mineral and vegetable resources of the territory. His notes upon the character and habits of the roving tribes of the " far West " were very exten sive, faithfully and carefully prepared, and included five vocabularies of Indian tongues. Soon after the destruction of the St. Louis mining company, Col. Cross left Arazona and crossed over the border into FIFTH REGIMENT. 265 Mexico, and was appointed by the military authorities of that country a " Chef de Battalion " in the ranks of the Liberal Party. When Fort Sumter was fired upon he was stationed at El Fuerte in command of a large garrison. He at once resigned his position and made his way home, arriving in 2s"ew York on the 18th of August, 1861. Arriving at Concord he offered his services to Governor Berry, and was commissioned Colonel of the Fifth Regiment of Volunteer Infantry on the 27th of September, and left the State with his regiment, which had been enlisted, organized and made ready for the field under his own most active personal supervision, on the 29th of October. To regiment went to the seat of war from iSTew Hampshire during the four years struggle that promised greater usefulness to the Union cause than did what was soon designated and known throughout the army as the " Fighting Fifth," and none more nobly and fully realized all that was expected of it, and none from this or any other State has a prouder record to give to history. Its deeds of valor will be known and remembered as long as the great rebellion itself is remembered. In a communica tion to Senator Hale, of ^"ew Hampshire, Gen. Hancock remarked : " The conduct of this regiment has been heroic : in the most important battles it has been highly distinguished. To Col. Cross much of this honor is due ; he has faithfully disciplined his Regiment, given it the highest tone, and always led it in battle. One of the most distinguished Generals in the army re marked that "the Fifth Regiment never changed its position under fire, except towards the enemy." On the morning of the battle of Autietam, after the regi ment had crossed the Creek, they were halted and Col. Cross addressing them said : " Soldiers, the rebel army is in front; the Potomac is in their rear. We must whip the enemy this day or we shall all be disgraced and 266 THE GREAT REBELLION. ruined. I expect every officer and soldier to do his duty like a man. ~No one must leave the ranks unless badly wounded. If I fall leave me on the field until the fight is over. Stand firm and fire low." The regiment went immediately into the battle and fought with bra very seldom excelled. Col. Cross was struck by two pieces of shell; one over the right eye, and one on the left cheek, and his hat was knocked off, but with his wounds bleeding and a red silk handkerchief around his head he pushed forward, and the most desperate fighting ensued. On this occasion the Fifth Regiment saved Richardson s division from being outflanked. In a private letter written on the battle field, Col. Cross said : " My brave boys, knowing that all depended upon promptly checking the rebels, raised the wild Indian yell and poured an awful volley into their ranks. Their center regiment was literally smashed to pieces, and before they could rally their forces, several regiments hastened to my assistance. Then came the most terrific fighting. I had been in seven battles before, but they were nothing in comparison with Antietam. We shot down the rebel color-bearers as fast as they could get up, killed their officers, broke their ranks and piled them in heaps among the tall corn. I never felt better in my life, and if the rebels didn t hear the Apache war whoop that day it was not my fault, for I yelled it until I was hoarse. My men fought nobly, gloriously ; never wavered, never shrank. Not a man but the wounded and dead fell out. My officers also conducted themselves like heroes. As for myself I was hit five times but not seriously injured." At the disastrous battle of Fredericksburg, on the 13th of December, 1862, the Fifth Regiment was again in the thickest of the fight, and lost in killed and wounded many of its best officers and bravest men. Col. Cross was again wounded by a piece of shell which FIFTH REGIMENT. 267 struck near the heart and he fell insensible. He was brought to his senses by another fragment of a shell which struck him on the left leg, below the knee. He attempted to crawl along, but a shell struck the steel scabbard of his saber, split it open and knocked him flat. In a letter describing the situation, Col. Cross afterward wrote : " Dizzy and faint, I had sense enough to lay myself out decently, feet to the foe. Two lines passed over me, but soon they swayed back, trampling on the dead and dying. Halting about thirty yards in the rear, one line laid down and commenced firing. Imagine the situation. Right between two fires of bul lets and shells for our own artillery fire from over the river was mostly too short, and did great damage to our own troops I lay on the field four hours the most awful moments of my life. As the balls from our lines hissed over me within a foot from my head, I covered my face with both hands, and counted rapidly from one to one hundred, expecting every moment my brains would spatter the ground. But they didn t. My guardi an angels if there be such personages or my destiny saved me. The end of my days was reserved for another, and I hope a more fortunate occasion. For if I am to die on the battle-field, I pray that it may be with the cheers of victory in my ears. When it became dark, some of my men found me and I was carried to the hospital." The Fifth Regiment was in the battle of Gettysburg, on the 2d and 3d of July, 1863, and it was there that Col. Cross was mortally wounded. He was in command of a brigade, as he had been in several other hardly contested battles. At about six o clock in the afternoon of the 2d, while rallying his brigade in the most gallant manner, in the streets of the town, a minnie ball entered the abdomen and came out near the spine, and after much suffering, during which he was fully conscious, at 268 TEE GREAT REBELLION. twelve o clock he died. His last words were; "I did hope I would live to see peace and our Country restored. Thank Heaven, I have done my duty. I think the hoys will miss me. Oh ! welcome death ! Say farewell to all." His remains were carried to his native town, Lancaster, where they were buried, the ceremonies being conducted by North Star Lodge of Free Masons. His funeral w T as attended by a very large concourse of citizens, most of whom had known the deceased from boyhood. COLONEL CHARLES E. HAPGOOD. Colonel Hapgood was born in Shrewsbury, Worcester - County, Massachusetts, December 11, 1830. He is a son of Jacob and Elizabeth ( Eager ) Hapgood. His father was for thirty-five years a celebrated gun manufacturer, at Shrewsbury, and had sales rooms in Boston. Col. Hapgood was educated at the high school in his native town, and learned the trade of gun maker, with his father. In 1851 he went to Worcester, Mass., and was for seven years employed in one of the largest produce commission houses in that city. In 1854 he married Mary Elizabeth, daughter of Charles E. Miles, of Worcester. In 1858, he removed to Amherst, Hills- borough County, New Hampshire, and in company with II. E. Abbott, of Worcester, bought out the store of C. B. Tuttle, and entered into business there under the firm of Hapgood & Abbott, w r hich he continued until September, 1861, when he disposed of his interest in the firm to his partner, with a view of entering the army. He once enlisted as a private, but for some rea son was not mustered. On the 19th of October, 1861, he was commissioned Captain of Company I, in the Fifth Regiment New Hampshire Volunteers, and was continually with his regiment, sharing its hard marches, FIFTH REGIMENT. 269 bloody battles and fatigue duty until July 9, 1862, at which time, having contracted a fever, in the campaign before Richmond, he was given leave of absence on surgeon s certificate. Subsequently, and before the expiration of his leave, Capt. Hapgpod was ordered on recruiting service in New Hampshire, and was stationed at Concord and other places. On the 14th of December, 1862, immediately after the battle of Fredericksburg, in which the Fifth Regiment suffered so severely in the loss of officers and men, Captain Hapgood was promoted to Lieutenant Colonel, and at his own urgent request was ordered to join his regiment, which he did on the 3d of February, 1863. He commanded the regiment in the campaign to Chancellorsville and in the great fight at Gettysburg, on the 2d and 3d of July, 1863. On the 3d of July 1863, he was promoted to Colonel of his regiment, in place of Colonel Cross, killed in battle. He was continuously with his regiment until June 16, 1864, when he was severely wounded at the battle of Petersburg. After he had partially recovered from his wound, Col. Hapgood was ordered to Philadelphia, August 18, 1864, by the War Department, as President of the Board of Inspection of Military Hospitals in the State of Pennsylvania. He remained on this duty until October 17, 1864, when he was mustered out by order of the War Department, by reason of expiration of his term of service. Col. Hapgood returned to New Hampshire after being mustered out of service, in a feeble state of health, from his wound and the fatiguing duty of his three years service with one of the most active regiments in the army. He was offered and urged to accept the command of other regiments, and also honorable and responsible positions on the staff* of different Major Generals, all of which, from his enfeebled state of health, and for other reasons, he felt it his duty to decline. Soon after his 270 THE GREAT REBELLION. return home he removed to Boston and entered as a partner into a substantial mercantile firm, and is now doing an extensive and successful business as a wool commission merchant in that city, under the firm name of Charles E. Hapgood & Co. Feeling that his country needed him in her time of peril, when the constitution and laws were set at defiance, and the Union itself was threatened with destruction by misguided men at the South, Col. Hapgood entered the military service with the most unselfish and patriotic motives and sentiments, and performed every duty from first to last faithfully and religiously. As a Christian gentleman he enjoyed the unbounded respect and confi dence of the men under and officers over him. As an officer he was brave, discreet, mindful of the comfort of the men in the field, and watchful and tender of sick and wounded in hospital, and set an example to all of sobriety and probity worthy of imitation. MAJOR EDWARD E. STURTEVANT. The following biographical notice of Major Sturte- vant is taken from the Adjutant General s Eeport of 1865, and is eminently deserved, just and true: In the Spring of 1861, when the nation called for the services of her sons, Major Edward E. Sturtevant was the first man from New Hampshire to enlist in our second war for independence ; and was also the first man in this State to receive authority to recruit under the President s call for seventy-five thousand three months men. His biographical record is brief, but honorable in the highest degree. He was born in Keene, August 7, 1826. His parents, George W. and Fanny "W. Sturtevant are now living. The deceased was bred to the occupation of a printer in his native town ; but removed to Concord soon after completing his apprenticeship, and found FIFTH REGIMENT. 271 employment in the office of the New Hampshire Courier, then in charge of John C. Wilson, Esq., in whom he found a generous and faithful friend. He was subse quently employed in the office of the Statesman, and at a later period upon the columns of the Washington Union, and the Richmond Dispatch, everywhere estab lishing a good name as a practical printer. He was naturally, however, of too active and venture some a spirit to be content with any sedentary employ ment, and in 1855 he accepted an appointment as one of the police force for the city of Concord, in which capacity he won an enviable reputation for shrewdness, fidelity and pluck. He held this position until the inauguration of civil war. Dropping without a mo ment s hesitation the pursuits of civil life, he was imme diately appointed a recruiting officer, and in a few days, by his own personal influence and example, he enlisted two hundred and twenty-six men and received a com mission as Captain in the First Regiment of New Hamp shire Volunteer Infantry. Major Sturtevant was influenced in taking up arms, mainly by a correct and thorough appreciation of the great principles which were at issue. He had, however, a natural fondness and aptitude for military life. In former years he marched at the head of the militia of the State capital, where he was often especially com mended for the drill and discipline of his command. But Major Sturtevant was no holiday soldier. He had little fondness for parade and show. His spirit chafed at the inactivity which characterized the bloodless cam paign of the First New Hampshire, and immediately on the expiration of his first term of service, he was ready again to take the field. He felt that he had enlisted for the war. In all his letters to his friends, he manifested no weariness nor impatience in the service to which he. had devoted his energies no thought of turning hi? 272 THE GREAT REBELLION. back to the enemy till death or victory released him from personal obligation to his beloved country. On the organization of the "Fighting Fifth" an honorable epithet which the deceased did his full share to win and maintain he was commissioned as Captain of Company A. During the protracted and harassing fatigue-duty of this gallant regiment, on every toilsome march, in every battle and skirmish, up to the hour of his death, Major Sturtevant was with his command. Could his nameless grave be identified, it could wear no fitter, no prouder inscription than " the Rappahannock, Yorktown, Fair Oaks, Peach Orchard, Savage s Station, White Oak Swamp, Charles City Cross Roads, Malvern Hill, South Mountain, Antietam, Charlestown, Freder- icksburgh." During the " seven days fight," he was in command of his regiment, and handled his men with conspicuous skill and gallantry. Upon the resignation of Major Cook, in July, 1862, he received merited promotion, and still further distinction awaited him at the hour of his untimely death. No m*ivi more richly deserved it. In point of courage, personal endurance and capacity for securing at once the obedience and affection of his men, he had no superior in his regiment. On the skirmish line and on dangerous picket duty, he especially distin guished himself. While his regiment was building the " Grape Vine Bridge" over the Chickahominy, Major Sturtevant s company alone covered their important undertaking. Again, in the brief lull during the battle of Fair Oaks, his command was nearest the enemy. From South Mountain to Antietam, and again in Mc- Clellan s advance on Charlestown, he led the skirmish line. He loved this dangerous service. The excitement, the freedom from restraint, appealed irresistibly to his adventurous spirit; and his shrewdness, fertility in FIFTH REGIMENT. 273 resources and strong hold on the affections of his men O abundantly fitted him for the position. He entered upon the battle of Fredericksburg, acting as Lieut. Colonel, with sad presentiments and yet with cheerful alacrity. The event justified his mournful expectations. The Fifth left scores of her bravest and best men on that blood-stained field; but none braver, none more imbued with generous impulses and manly devotion than Major Edward E. Sturtevant. The man ner of his death the place of his burial is unknown. We know only that he was seen on that fatal field at dark, severely wounded by a minnie ball ; that he was buried where he would have chosen to be interred on the field where he fell, among the nameless heroes whose interests he had ever made his own. As has well been said, " a braver man or more faithful friend, never yielded up his spirit amidst the clangor of arms and the wail of the dying. Peace to his memory." All the field officers of the Fifth Regiment were men of military experience and skill. Col. Cross had seen service in fighting the Indians in Arazona and the far West, and had recently returned from an important military command in Mexico. Lieut. Colonel Langley had been promoted from Adjutant of the Second Regi ment, with which he was in the first Bull Run battle ; and Major Cook had held important commissions in the Volunteer Militia of Massachusetts, and was an accom plished officer. The other officers of the staff .and line had been selected for their peculiar qualifications for the positions in which they were placed. Thus organized the regiment gave promise of efficiency in the discharge of any duty that might be put upon it in the great war in which the country was engaged. The regiment left Concord on the 29th of October, and arrived at Bladensburg, Md., on the 31st, and went 274 THE ORE A T REBELLION. into camp. On the 3d of November, in the midst of a rain, with roads in a very bad condition, the regiment formed a portion of Gen. Howard s Brigade ordered to Lowor Marlborough, Md. They marched a distance of about fifty miles in two days, and after one day of rest, marched back over the same ground, and again went into camp at Bladensburg. On the 27th of November the regiment marched across Long Bridge into Virginia, with Howard s Brig ade, and was assigned to General Sumner s Division, and went into camp near Alexandria, at a place which was afterward known as Camp California. Here the regiment went into winter quarters, where they remain ed until the 10th of March. The regiment soon com menced doing picket and out-post duty at the front, and established the first line of pickets fronting the enemy at Fairfax Court House. The men were thor oughly drilled in regimental and brigade drill and in bayonet exercise. The commissioned officers were also thoroughly instructed in the practical part of their duties. Schools were established by the Colonel and Lieutenant Colonel for the theoretical instruction of officers and sergeants, during the winter evenings. A "common school" for such boys in the regiment as needed instruction in the elementary branches, was also put in operation the necessary books being donated bv the Sanitary Commission. Through the winter the regiment furnished heavy details to build roads, repair bridges and cut timber. Measles and mumps prevailed to an extraordinary extent, yet from six to eight hundred men were all the time fit for duty, which was more than any other regi ment in the entire Division could turn out. On the 10th of March the Fifth Regiment formed the advance guard of Sumner s Division, when it moved from Camp California on Manassas, Major Cook com- FIFTH REGIMENT. 275 manding the skirmish line. The march to "Warrenton was a severe one and very trying to the men, the weather being cold, much of the time rainy, and the roads in the most despicable condition, and almost impassable for the men, to say nothing of baggage trains. They had no tents, wagons or cooking utensils. These hard ships were endured for thirty-one days, and yet there were but very few men in the regiment not fit for duty. On the 28th of March Gen. Howard commanded a reconnoissance in force from "Warrenton Junction to the Rappahannock River, eight miles, for the purpose of forcing the enemy to cross the river and burn the rail road bridge. The Fifth formed the advance, Lieut. Colonel Lan^ley commanding: the skirmish line. The O J 3 enemy were driven all day, the bridge and railroad depot burned, and the rebel forces shelled out of their position. Here the regiment first came under fire the skirmish line from the enemy s riflemen, and the main body from shot and shell. The behavior of the Fifth on this expedition and its important service, gained great praise from the commander of the forces. On the 4th of April the regiment embarked at Alex andria for the Peninsula, without having returned to Camp California for tents and regimental property. On reaching Ship Point the men were obliged to wade from the vessel to the shore, and camp on the wet ground, without tents. The regiment detailed daily about three hundred men to work making corduroy road through a swamp, and building bridges, in which the men showed such good qualities as to be highly compli mented by the Geneial in command. When the siege of Yorktown commenced the Fifth was sent to join the Engineer s Brigade, under General Woodbury, with which they performed much heavy work. They built a tower one hundred feet high and forty feet base, of heavy timber, for an observatory at General Headquar- 276 THE GREAT REBELLION. ters which was about completed when the enemy evacu ated Yorktown. . - 9 The next day after the evacuation of Yorktown the regiment marched for Williamsburg. They started just at dark, in the midst of a severe rainstorm, the roads being in the worst possible condition. A halt was not made until near morning, when the tired men dropped down in the mud to sleep. News came that the battle had been won, that the enemy were in retreat, and the regiment marched back to Yorktown, whence on the llth of May they embarked on the steamer C. Vander- bilt, and were carried up York river to West Point, and from thence marched to the Chickahominy river and went into camp. Here amid the pestilential vapors and miasma of the swamps many of the men grew sick, and several died. On the 28th Col. Cross was ordered to construct a bridge across the Chickahominy swamp and river, capable of bearing artillery and wagons. A Min nesota regiment had commenced the work on the previ ous day, but had been ordered away. The swamp was flooded from one to four feet deep with water, and nearly half a mile wide. On one border was the chan nel of the stream, over thirty yards wide and quite deep. The swamp was a mass of huge trees, vines, brushwood, and old wrecks of trees and shrubbery. The labor was vigorously begun, and with some assistance from small detachments from two New York regiments, the bridge was built. It was supported by piers composed of heavy logs, and seventy rods in length. It was completed before dark on the 30th -just in time for Sumner s Corps to cross the next day, in season for Sedgwick s Division to check the enemy. It was afterward known as " Grape-vine bridge," and was the only one on the river above Bottom s bridge which successfully resisted the current swollen by rains; and on the 31st of Mav it bore, in their passage across, its builders, as they hurried FIFTH REGIMENT. 277 to the field of Fair Oaks. During the night the enemy were discovered within three hundred yards, and the regiment took several prisoners. At daylight Col. Cross captured a rebel courier with important dispatches. On the morning of the 1st of June two or three hun dred rebels were discovered close to the right flank, whom the skirmish line of the Fifth drove out on the run, and thus opened the great battle of Fair Oaks, on the 1st of June, 1862. Kichardson s division moved forward to engage the enemy, and the lines meeting, the most terrible conflict ensued ; one after another all the other regiments of the division became engaged, and still the enemy held his position, until, at last, word came to Col. Cross that General Howard was wounded, and he was in command of the brigade, and the Fifth was wanted. The Colonel formed his line squarely in rear of the spot where the fight was hottest, and as the line engaged in front retired, moved it forward through a swamp, over the rebel skirmish line, into a thick pine wood, where the rebel line lay, waiting for a new line to demolish. The Fifth immediately opened fire upon the enemy, and from eight hundred rifles death sped to the rebel ranks. The intensity of the musketry exceeded that of any the regiment ever heard afterward, and for twenty minutes, the bullets flew through the woods, when they missed the human marks, splintering and severing the trees and branches for hundreds of yards. Col. Cross was wounded in the thigh, and Major Cook was struck by a bullet in the leg, and one hundred and eighty-six had been killed and wounded, when the rebels gave way and left the Fifth in possession of the field. The dead of the Fifth lay within thirty yards of the rebel dead. Thus ended the battle of Fair Oaks, with twenty minutes work of our regiment. The Fifth fired the first and last shot in this great battle, and suffered as much loss as 278 THE ORE A T REBELLION. any regiment upon the field. Now under command of Lieut. Col. Langley, the regiment went into the trenches before Richmond, where it remained for a month, and afterward retreated with the rest of the army to Har rison s Landing, fighting and skirmishing at Savage Station, Peach Orchard, White Oak Swamp, Charles City, and Malvern Hill, in all of which the regiment lost over one hundred officers and men. Lieut. Colonel Langley heing sick, the regiment was commanded most of the time by Capt. Sturtevant, and behaved well on all occasions. From Harrison s Landing the Fifth marched to New port News, where Col. Cross joined them and assumed command. The regiment soon sailed to Alexandria, landed, and marched to its old locality, Camp Califor nia, where it arrived on the night of the 28th of August. On the 29th the Fifth marched to Arlington Heights, where the men, ragged and battered, and many without shoes or blankets, hoped as they pitched their tents in sight of Washington, to be permitted to rest and be clothed; bat on the 30th, the sounds of artillery being heard in the direction of Manassas, hurried orders were received in the afternoon, to leave all tents and blankets, and march, to re-enforce Gen. Pope. They marched twenty-three miles with only one halt, and then laid down in the rain, on wet ground to rest. Some of the men had no shoes, and their feet were blistered and bleeding. The next day they were marched to the front, and formed the skirmish line in face of the ene my ; which position they held until the entire army moved away, when they fell back and joined the main body at Fairfax Court House, being the last regiment that left Centerville. From this place the regiment marched to within a short distance of Chain Bridge, twenty-six miles, without a single straggler. The next day they marched into Maryland and camped at Ten- FIFTH REGIMENT. 279 allvtown, whore a few shoes and some clothing were obtained for the men. On the 4th of September the regiment marched to Frederick, Md. After marching through Frederick they camped near the battle-ground of South Mountain but were held in reserve during the battle. BATTLE OF AXTIETAM. On the 15th of September Richardson s Division, of which the ^Te\v Hampshire Fifth Regiment formed a part, crossed the South Mountain, in pursuit of the enemy. The Fifth was ordered to the front and deploy ed as skirmishers. In this position they drove in the cavalry of the enemy and discovered the rebel line of battle beyond Antietam river. In the pursuit the regi ment captured over sixty prisoners, and Col. Cross said the}- might have taken more, but he could not spare the men to pursue them. AH the remainder of the day and until late at night, the Fifth engaged the enemy s sharpshooters, driving them from a strong position. When relieved the men were nearly exhausted. The next day four companies were sent to hold the enemy s riflemen in check, and prevent their burning an impor tant bridge over the Antietam river, while other compa nies were sent to destroy obstructions in the river. On the 17th, the day of the great battle, the Fifth went into the fight with three hundred rifles and nineteen commissioned officers. The regiment behaved nobly, and in the language of the official report "was entitled to the sole credit of discovering and defeating the attempt of the enemy to turn the left flank of Richard son s Division. They captured the large state colors of the Fourth North Carolina Regiment in this fight, and by permission of the War Department, it is now depos ited in onr own State. It was seized by Corporal Nettleton, of Claremont, who although wounded, 280 THE GREAT REBELLION. brought them off the field. For this act of bravery he was promoted to Lieutenant, and was mortally wounded at the battle of Fredericksburg, on the 13th of Decem ber, and died of his wounds a few days afterward. During the battle the Fifth, being hardly pressed and affairs assuming a desperate character, Col. Cross, his face streaming with blood from wounds in his forehead, and blackened with powder, and his head bound round with a red handkerchief, hurrying to every part of the line, bade the men "put on the war paint," by rubbing the torn ends of the cartridges over their faces ; and then calling for the " war- whoop," he raised his own voice into the battle cry, and was followed by every man, until the sound rose above that of artillery and musketry, carrying defiance to foe and encouragement to friend. The men plied the rammers, and fired as fast as possible, and "fire!" "fire!" "fire faster!" rang along the line from the officers. Men became almost frantic ; guns could not be loaded fast enough; those of the wounded were seized and even the arms were taken from the hands of the rebel dead and discharged at the heads of their living comrades. A rebel standard bearer waved his flag defiantly within a few yards. " Shoot the man with the flag !" shouted twenty voices, and he was leveled to the dust with his flag. Still they pressed on, and more desperate grew the chances, when Col. Mc- Kean, of the Eighty-first Pennsylvania, seeing the situa tion of the Fifth, brought his regiment from the right, of his own accord, and forming in a line with the Fifth, opened a roaring fire of " buck and ball," on the enemy, which, with the unceasing fire of the Fifth, speedily drove the enemy off. Soon after the Fifth, being sadly cut up and very tired, was relieved, and placed in a position further to the left, behind the crest. During the after noon the regiment lay under severe artillery fire, which the enemy continued on the left of the line, during FIFTH REGIMENT. 281 which its beloved commander, General Richardson, was mortally wounded while directing the fire of a battery. He had been among the bravest of the brave, and had charged on foot, sword in hand, with the front line. He was succeeded by General Hancock, who of all others, perhaps, could best fill his place. The battle raged from the right of the line to the left, where Burn- side was engaged, at intervals, until night; but the Fifth was not again called on. On the 18th it was only employed in skirmishing. A detachment of recruits fresh from New Hampshire, arrived on the field, and Col. Cross caused them to arm themselves from the slain. On the 19th the rebels had retreated. In this battle over one hundred thousand men and five hundred pieces of artillery had been engaged on both sides, with a loss to the enemy of near fifteen thousand men, a number of guns and colors, and a loss on the Union side of twelve thousand four hundred and sixty men, and not a gun or color. From three hundred and nineteen officers and men of the Fifth, who went into the fight, one hundred and eight had been killed and wounded. Among the killed was Second Lieut. George A. Gay, a gallant young officer, lately promoted for meritorious conduct. Among the wounded was Second Lieut. Charles W. Bean, a young officer of great promise, who died of his wounds soon after. Gen. McClellan, in his report of operations, highly compli mented Col. Cross and his regiment, by a personal notice. It was in this battle that the regiment earned the title of " The Fighting Fifth." On the 21st Gen. Hancock s Division encamped on Boliver Heights, and during the rest of September and nearly all of October, the Fifth remained inactive, with the exception of marching on one reconnoissance to Charlestown, Ya., in which it came under fire for a few minutes. The time was employed in drill and picket 282 THE GREAT REBELLION. duty, and the regiment was once more fully clothed and equipped. Major Cook resigned on account of wounds, and Capt. Sturtevant of Company A, was promoted to Major, his commission dating from July 3, 1862. The Fifth had now been in the service a year, and a most eventful year it had been During the }-ear the regiment had received one hundred and forty-six re cruits, making the total strength for that period eleven hundred and fifty-six. Two officers had been killed and seventeen wounded. Sixty men had lost their lives in battle ; two hundred and forty had been wounded, and sixteen were missing, making the whole loss in battle three hundred and thirty-five. Sixty-nine died of disease, twelve officers resigned, four were dismissed, one hun dred and thirty-five men were discharged, and fifty-one had deserted. Of the eleven hundred and fifty-six who had belonged to the regiment during the year, four hun dred and fortyrnine had been lost in various ways ; and of the seven hundred and seven remaining on the rolls but three hundred and twenty-three were present for duty. On the 29th of October the march was taken up, and the division moved across the Shenandoah and down the Loudon Valley. On the 3d of November the Fifth Regiment came under fire at Snicker s Gap, and about the 14th the tents were pitched at Falmouth. Log huts were built and covered with tents, and the regiment once more went into winter quarters. BATTLE OF FREDERICKSBURO. On the llth of December the Second Corps was massed opposite Fredericksburg, and a portion of it effected a crossing under a severe fire from the enemy s infantry among the houses in the city. On the 12th the whole Corps had crossed on pontoon bridges, which had been thrown over the Rappahannock river, in the FIFTH REGIMENT. 283 face of the fire of sharpshooters and infantry. On the morning of the 13th commenced the great battle of Fredericksburg, which proved so disastrous to our troops under Gen. Burnside, and in which the Fifth New Hampshire Regiment lost many of its bravest and best men. Hancock s Division charged across the plain toward the heights where the rebels were strongly intrenched, under a destructive fire, while our artil lery on the opposite side of the river were throwing shell and solid shot into the tow^n. The advantage was with the rebels from the first; for their batteries, securely covered by works on the heights, poured the most accurate and rapid fire through the advancing lines on the plain the shots often flying into the streets of the city, or striking the houses and scattering the bricks, spread death into the ranks, long before they were within musket shot; while there were no batteries opposed which could silence them. The infantry, be hind a stone wall, could not be materially harmed by our bullets or shells, and the only hope of success on our side was to reach and dislodge them with the bayo net. Vainly did the brave men of Hancock s Division strive to accomplish this work, but its ranks melted away ; the colors were repeatedly leveled, and the offi cers were stricken down, until but the shattered rem nants of its battalions, unable to close their ranks or re-form their lines, defiantly and desperately lay down in the position they had attained, and there their colors waved until night s pitying shades fell over the field and obscured the unwavering marks of shot, shell and bullets. The Fifth was in the front line, and sustained the full fury of the fire. A shell burst in front of Col. Cross, and he fell, apparently lifeless. Major Sturte- vant was mortally wounded, and died upon the field. The regiment swept on in the stern ardor to win the fight. In Major Sturtevant the regiment lost an honest, 284 THE GREAT REBELLION. earnest patriot and soldier, and one who would share Jiis blanket and his last crust with A fellow soldier. The colors of the regiment were shot down again and again ; alternately upraised by a sergeant, a corporal, a private, or an officer ; and in their heroic efforts to keep the line closed and advancing, and the colors up, fell three captains the valiant Murray, the noble Perry, and the young and courageous Moore. Lieut. Nettleton, who was promoted at Antietam, was mortally wounded, and Lieut. Little, returning from home, where he had been recovering from wounds, arrived on that fatal day, just as the regiment was moving forward, and hurried to join his company only to receive a mortal wound. The survivors of the regiment reached a corn-field, within a few rods of the enemy, and these a mere skirmish line held their ground ; and among the fore most Lieut. Ballou, an accomplished gentleman and brave officer, met his death. When night came the regiment moved to the city, without one hundred and eighty-six officers and men who had marched out in the morning to fall victims to a most unfortunate blun der. Col. Cross was carried from the field, and subse quently recovered from his wounds to die upon the field of Gettysburg. After the battle of Fredericksburg, and under cover of darkness, the division recrossed the river and went into camp at Falmouth, and the Fifth Regiment employ ed the succeeding months in picket duty, drill and recruiting its shattered strength. Col. Cross, after an absence of several weeks returned to the regiment with a set of new colors, to replace the old ones which were sent home. Returning officers and men raised the number to near two hundred, and the regiment, which had resembled a company after the Fredericksburg battle, started on the spring campaign of 1863 with the fiemblanco of a battalion. FIFTH REaiMENT. 285 Captain Charles E. Hapgood was promoted to Lieut. Colonel, December 14, 1862, in place of Lieut. Colonel Langley, resigned, and Captain Richard E. Cross was j.iomoted to Major on the same date, in place of Major Sturtevant, killed in battle. Early in January, 1863, Gen. Hooker succeeded Gen. Burnside in the command of the army, and reorganization and refitting were the order of the day. In the latter part of April, 1863, the Fifth Regiment was moved up the Rappahannock river, and distributed at the houses through the country in the vicinity of Banks Ford, for the purpose of preventing communica tion between the people and the enemy during the movements of the army preliminary to its passage across the river. The Fifth occupied twenty-seven houses. On the first of May the Fifth, with two other regi ments, which had been performing similar duty, marched under the command of Col. Cross as a provisional brig ade, arriving on the field during the progress of the action at the Chancellorsville House, and was at once placed in the line of battle. -At night they slept upon their arms, and the next morning the Fifth supported a battery, the men lying between the guns. Later in the day a skirmish line under command of Colonel Miles, of the Sixty-first New York Regiment in which a detail of the Fifth was posted, performed the extraordinary feat of repelling an attack of the enemy in column ; and toward evening, when the Eleventh Corps was routed by the enemy, and sent flying across the plain, sixty of the fugitives were caught by the Fifth, and retained in the ranks, and some of them were afterward killed or wounded. During the afternoon of the 3d the army retired to a position nearer the river, and during its movements to Col. Cross was given the arduous and desperate duty of holding the enemy in check at the 286 THE GREAT REBELLION. Chancellorsville House, until it was accomplished. The enemy approached on the front, the flai*k and the rear, and threatened to envelope the small brigade which was in his path ; hut under a severe fire it held its ground steadfastly, wheeling or facing to each point, as it was assailed. A battery which was left with the brigade, having lost its officers and nearly all its men and horses, was silenced by the severe fire of the enemy, when Col. Cross himself sighted and fired a piece at the approach ing enemy, and was about to man the battery by men from the Fifth, when his brigade was ordered to follow the army, and the battery was brought away by hand. The enemy closed rapidly on the retiring column, and for some time shot and shell crashed through with destructive effect. A short distance to the rear a new line was taken up, where, in hastily constructed earth works, the army remained until the 5th, when it re- crossed the Rappahannock, and although withdrawn, it has never acknowledged itself whipped in that battle. The Fifth lost nearly forty officers and men. Another stay of a month was made at Falmouth, the time being employed in preparing for the summer campaign, which opened in June. On the 9th of June a detail of a hundred and thirty men from the Fifth Regiment formed a part of the picket force of infantry which accompanied the cavalry of the army on a reconnoissance in force across the Rappahannock. Colonel Cross commanded the detail from the Second Corps, which arrived at Kelley s Ford in the evening. Instructions were issued for the infantry to cross and drive the enemy away on the other side, to protect the crossing of the cavalry. The passage was effected in canvas boats before light on the next morn ing, by Col. Cross command, and the enemy were driven away by a skirmish line. The cavalry crossed and pushed for Brandy Station, FIFTH REGIMENT. 287 when there speedily ensued one of the memorable cav alry battles of the war. Col. Cross command rejoined its corps in a few days, and with it moved up to Thor oughfare Gap, and from thence across the Potomac at Edward s Ferry, through Poolsville, Md., to Frederick City. Gen. Couch was relieved and Gen. Hancock assumed command of the Corps, which placed Gen. Caldwell in command of the division and Col. Cross in command of the brigade the command of the regiment devolved upon Lieut. Colonel Hapgood. On the 29th the regiment marched thirty-two miles, and on the 1st of July reached the field of Gettysburg. BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. On the morning of the 2d of July, the brigade took position in the line, on that well remembered crest, in open field, where it remained until five o clock in the afternoon, when it moved toward Round Top. The Fifth, detached from the brigade for a short time to hold a road, rejoined it at six o clock, to enter at once into the fight which raged on the right of Round Top. The whole of Gen. Caldwell s division became engaged in a very sanguinary conflict, in which the rebels strove to drive the line back, and thereby envelope the left flank of the army. The Fifth stood its ground unflinch ingly, and Col. Cross, ever solicitous for its good conduct, came from the center of the brigade to its front, and there encouraging his men, he fell mortally wounded by a bullet in the abdomen, and was carried off the field. The regiment fired away all its ammunition but five rounds, and then being relieved, was among the last to leave the field. It was immeditely placed in sup port of a battery, where it remained until about nine o clock in the evening, when it rejoined the brigade, and resumed its position of the morning. 288 THE ORE AT REBELLION. On the morning of the 3d the regiment constructed a line of rude intrfiflchments, and in tftem lay under the tremendous artillery fire of the day from the enemy s batteries, and during the attack of their in fantry, which was so terribly repulsed. Its skirmishers took thirty prisoners, and the regiment was first to discover the retreat of the enemy. On the 5th the regiment marched from the field, leaving four officers and eighty-two men killed and wounded, out of twelve officers and one hundred and sixty-five men who went into the fight. What remained of the Fifth marched down the London Valley to Warrenton, and then it was ordered to Point Lookout, Md., on the 26th ; but at "Washington the destination was changed to Concord, IS. H., where it reported at draft rendezvous, on the 3d of August. During a stay at Concord of nearly three months the regiment was recruited to the minimum strength, and Lieut. Colonel Hapgood was promoted to Colonel, Major Cross to Lieut. Colonel, and Captain Larkin, of Company A, to Major. The regiment again left the State for the seat of war early in November, reached Point Lookout on the 13th, and was placed under command of Brigadier General Gilman Marston, in company with the Second and Twelfth New Hamp shire Regiments, and employed in guarding rebel prisoners confined at that place. On the 27th of May, 1864, the regiment again marched for the field, and joined the brigade commanded by Col. Miles, in the Second Army Corps, on the 1st of June. The army was then in the midst of that grand campaign from the Rapidan to the James, and on the night of the arrival, the Fifth marched with its Corps and reached Cold Harbor in the evening of the next day, and threw up a line of breastworks. In the general assault on the enemy s works on the 3d, the Fifth moved forward about half a mile, under a severe fire, FIFTH REGIMENT. 289 at the double quick, but refrained from firing a shot until it had carried the works in its front and captured one gun and a number of prisoners. The pursuit of the enemy followed at once, and continued for three hundred yards, when the regiment alone met a fresh line of the enemy, and engaged it at short range. A fierce struggle followed, in which the only hope of vic tory was based upon the probability of the seasonable arrival of supports, as the enemy brought an overpower ing force to bear upon the regiment ; but those on the flank had failed to break through the rebel lines, and the enemy remaining in their front turned fiercely on its flank, and, aided by those who had surrendered, treacherously taking up arms and firing into its rear, compelled it to retire, desperately striving to retain each foot of ground. But bravery and valor were unavail ing, and the works were relinquished, though the fight did not cease until the last man was over, and Capt. Ricker was seen to stop, and with one cut of his sword kill a rebel gunner in the midst of his section. Captain Goodwin, an officer of lion heart and noble bearing, was killed inside the works. Lieutenant Humphrey, a young and gallant officer, was killed between the lines, and Lieutenant Spaulding received a wound through the lungs, which caused his death afterward. He was a brave soldier and an honorable man. The total loss of the regiment in this engagement was two hundred and two officers and men. The recruits in the regiment showed great courage and steadiness throughout this whole affair, and were commended on all sides. A new line of works was constructed close to the enemy, and in them the regiment constantly suffered losses from the unremittent fire of the enemy, until the 12th of June. The march was resumed and the James River was crossed on the 15th, and on the 16th the Fifth again went into action, on the right of its division, in the 290 TEE GREAT REBELLION. attack on the enemy s works at Petersburg, in which it lost thirty officers and men, killed and wounded. Among the killed was Lieutenant Shapl^jgh, a reliable and esteemed officer. Colonel Hapgood was among, the wounded, and the command of the regiment devolved on Major Larkin, under whom it moved out of the works on the 17th, in line of battle, and performing the manoeuvre, always difficult under fire, of changing front, moved up close to the enemy s works, and there, for two hours and a half, standing on a rise of ground, and completely exposed, maintained so accurate and rapid a fire on the enemy that his line was unable to remain standing in the works. One hundred and sixty rounds of ammunition per man were expended before the reg iment was ordered to desist. The loss was twenty-nine killed and wounded. On the 18th seven men were lost in gaining a position on the Norfolk Railroad, and on the 21st the regiment aided in repelling an attack of the enemy on the works near the Jerusalem Plank Road. From the 24th of June to the 13th of July the Fifth was kept in the works on picket, and in support of the cavalry ; after which time, until July 26th, it was em ployed in the various operations of the siege. On the 27th of July the Fifth, with its brigade, was engaged in the action at Deep Bottom, and captured a line of works from the enemy, with four guns and a number of prisoners. The regiment received commen dation from Gen. Hancock, commanding the Corps, in general orders, for its good conduct in the movements across the James. On the 30th, Captain Butler, of Company K, who while serving on the staff of -Maj. Gen. W. F. Smith, was wounded in an action near the Hare House, on the 30th, of June, died from his wound, after arriving home. He was an officer much respected for his valor and other soldierly and gentlemanly qualities. FIFTH REGIMENT. 291 On the 13th of August another march was made across the James river, and the Fifth with its Corps, was again engaged with the enemy near Charles City Cross Roads, the scene of one of the battles of 1862. The Second Corps recrossed the James, and moved out on the Weldon Railroad, tearing up and destroying it to Ream s Station, where the enemy was again encoun tered. The line of battle, formed in a half circle, was broken through by a sudden attack of the enemy, and Miles brigade, enveloped on one flank, was driven back, leaving some artillery ; but its invincible commander led his men forward again without delay, and the Fifth rescued the only guns which were saved on the field. The regiment lost thirty-three of its number, among whom was Lieut. Robert H. Chase, killed. He was a young officer lately promoted, who as a Sergeant in the action of the 17th of June won for himself honorable notice from the commanding officer of the regiment. The Fifth went into the trenches in front of Peters burg, where for three months it was occupied with the most arduous and dangerous duties of the siege, during which time its losses amounted to about one hundred and fifty officers and men. About the middle of Octo ber the ranks of the regiment were again filled with a large number of substitutes, including many " bounty- jumpers," who took the earliest opportunity to desert to the enemy. Some of them bent their guns before leav ing, which led to the belief that they were Canadian rebels. Some of them were afterward captured and made to suffer the penalty of death to expiate their crime. On the 12th of October, the three years term of enlistment having expired, those men who had not re-enlisted, and such officers as desired, were mustered out of the service, and returned home to New Hamp shire, under Col. Hapgood. Capt. Crafts was promoted 292 THE GREAT REBELLION. to Lieut. Colonel, Capt. Livermore to Major, and Ass t Surgeon Childs to Surgeon. The regiment being reduced in number below the minimum, was organized into a battalion of eight companies and a fraction. In December the Second Corps moved to the extreme left of the line, and occupied Fort Welch, which was at the salient angle of the left flank of the works in front of Petersburg. Here the regiment was drilled, clothed, equipped, recruits raised, a company of New Hampshire Sharpshooters consolidated with it, and again assumed its old position among the reliable regiments of the corps ; but through the seeming unjust opera tion of the mustering regulations, the regimental or ganization of ten companies could not be resumed. When, in the last days of March the Army of the Potomac commenced those operations which culminated in the surrender of the army of Northern Virginia, the Second Corps moved from its intrenchments, crossing Hatcher s Run, and extending its lines five miles toward Dinwiddie Court House, Miles Division, to which the Fifth belonged, forming the left of the line. For three days the enemy was continually encountered in the dense woods and thickets on the Run, and the Fifth, though always in the front line, fortunately suffered but little. On the night after the battle of Five Forks, Miles Division moved out toward that field, and join ing Gen. Sheridan, swept down the rebel works on the next day, where the grand assault had proved success ful, and the rebels had begun their retreat; and pushing toward the Appomattox, in pursuit, it encountered three rebel divisions at Wells Church, where in hastily constructed works, they sought to arrest our advance until the remainder of their army on that field might cross the river. It was of the utmost importance that they should not accomplish their object, and the gallant General Miles, regardless of their superiority of num- FIFTH REGIMENT. 293 bers, at once attacked their position by assault. Twice be was repulsed with severe loss; but undauntedly moving on the third time, his gallant division poured over the works into twice its numbers, and captured five hundred prisoners, while the remainder fled toward the river. Half a battery was also captured, and some colors. The enemy was vigorously pursued for three days, and on the morning of the 6th of April, when the whole army moved forward to attack him at Amelia Court House, where he was supposed to be resting, his rear was discovered in fall retreat toward Lynchburg, by the Second Corps. Not a moment was lost in at tacking him, and the retreat was soon changed into a rout. The course pursued by the enemy was a succes sion of hills and valleys, which afforded eligible positions for resistance, which the enemy availed himself of at five different times during the day, when his rear guard, of five or six thousand men, forming its line on the crests, strove to retard our advance upon the trains, which could be seen flying over the hills. The Second Corps formed in line of battle two miles in length, the whole front covered by skirmishers and with three brigades in reserve. The Fifth was in the front line during the whole day. The whole line moved forward together, and when it arrived in front of the position chosen by the rebels for defense, halting just long enough to discover the approaches, it invariably sent them flying after their retreating columns. The road for twelve miles was strewn with abandoned wagons and impediments of every kind, attesting to the terror of the fugitives. Just as the sun went down the ene my s train was discovered at Sailor s Creek at a halt, with the bridge and ford blocked so that a passage was impossible. On either side of the creek there rose lofty hills. On the crest of one of them between our advance and the creek, the rebel rear guard made an 294 THE GREAT REBELLION. obstinate stand, but with one grand charge the Second Corps swept it over the hill across the creek, and up the next, and triumphantly took possession of the train. Darkness closed on the wearied men, who in the twelve hours of light had marched thirteen miles, fought five times, and captured fifteen hundred prisoners, three cannon, eleven colors, and a train of near two hundred wagons. Some hundred thousand dollars of " Confed erate " money was captured in the train, with which our soldiers perpetrated the pleasantry of paying off the prisoners in their hands. The Fifth lost twenty- three men killed and wounded during the day. The pursuit was resumed on the next morning. The Appomattox was crossed at High Bridge, a structure two thousand feet long and eighty feet high, which was set on fire at the west end, by the rebels, who, forming line of battle, endeavored to retard the advance of our troops until it should be materially injured; but they were soon put to flight, and the bridge, which promised to be of the utmost importance in future operations, was saved by the exertions of Major Livermore, of the Fifth New Hampshire Eegiment, of Major General Humphrey s Staff. At a short distance from Farmville the rebels made a stand with their whole army against the Second Corps the only infantry across the river and the cavalry. They skirmished witn the rebels all day, not having force enough to warrant a direct assault, expect ing the arrival of re-enforcements. Near sundown all the companies of the Fifth but two, which remained on the skirmish line, with two other regiments, were selected to make a charge. The Fifth was commanded by Capt. Kicker, Lieut. Colonel Crafts being in com mand of the skirmishers. The country between the enemy s works and the right flank of the corps, from which point the assault was to be made, was a suc cession of abrupt hills and difficult ravines, presenting FIFTH REGIMENT. 295 great obstacles to a rapid movement. The regiment moved forward, and almost immediately the enemy opened with both a direct and cross fire, and one of the most bloody battles in which the Fifth had been engaged during the war, ensued. Close to the works the colors of the regiment were taken by the enemy. Lieut. Ryder, a gallant officer, was killed, and Capt. Collins, a brave man, was mortally wounded. Both of these had joined the regiment from the Engineers Corps. Capt. Bicker, in the most persistent efforts to carry his line forward, fell with three wounds one of which he had borne all day after having two horses shot under him, and was taken prisoner close to the works. The loss of the Fifth on this day was six officers and one hundred and four men killed and wounded, and four officers and sixty-three men taken prisoners. The next day the regi ment moved again in the pursuit, when Capt. Ricker was recaptured. On the 9th, the shattered remnant of the Fifth having followed to the surrender, received back its colors, which it had fairly won from the rebels, together with the release of the captured officers and men. After the surrender of the rebel army, the Fifth marched through Richmond to the vicinity of Washing ton, and in May marched in grand review before the President. On the last of June it started for Concord, and was mustered out of service on the 8th of July, 1865. During the three years and nine months that this regi ment was in the service, it had borne upon its rolls the names of about twenty-six hundred men. It lost from the casualties of war about fifteen hundred, about thirteen hundred of which were in actions. Sixteen of its officers were killed or mortally wounded in battle. The foregoing sketch of the Fifth Regiment has been taken mostly from the Adjutant General s reports, and 296 THE GREAT REBELLION. serves to give but a faint and imperfect idea of its val uable services during the war ; its desperate and bloody battles, than which none from this State can show a longer list; its hardships in the trenches opposite Peters burg and on working details; its fatiguing marches and privations incident to war, all of which the men endured with uncomplaining patience and bravery. Were a full history of its operations attempted, a much larger vol ume than the one in hand would be required to contain it. Instances of individual gallantry on the part of officers and men in that regiment are so numerous that a list of them would be too great for present limits ; and a roll of its killed in battle would appear almost incredible. May a grateful country do the Fifth New Hampshire Kegiment of Volunteers justice written history never can. SIXTH REGIMENT. 297 SIXTH REGIMENT, This Kegiment was recruited mainly in the western part of the State, under the same call and with the same bounty as was paid to the three preceding ones. It rendezvoused at Keene, and was mustered into the United States service on the 27th, 28th and 30th of November, 1861, and left the State for the seat of war on the 25th of December, with ten hundred and twenty- four officers and men. The following were its field, staff and company officers while in service, with the official record of each : FIELD AND STAFF OFFICERS. COLONELS Nelson Converse, of Marlborough. Resigned March 8, 1862. Simon G. Griffin, of Concord. Promoted to Brigadier General U. S. Vols. May 12, 1864. Phin P. Bixby, of Concord. Appointed Colonel U. S. Vols. by brevet, for gallant and highly meritorious conduct in the assault before Petersburg, Va., to date from April 2, 1865. Mustered out July 17, 1865. Lieut. Colonels Nelson Converse, of Marlborough. Promoted to Colonel Oct. "26, 1861. Simon G. Griffin, of Concord. Promoted to Colonel April 22, 1852. Charles Scott, of Peterborough. Resigned Oct. 4, 1862. Henry H. Pearson, of Exeter. Killed in action May 26, 1864. Phin P. Bixby, of Concord. Promoted to Colonel Feb. 21, 1865. Samuel D. Quarles, of Ossipee. Appointed Lieut. Colonel U. S. Vols. by brevet, for gallant and meritorious conduct before Petersburg, Va., to date from April 2, 1865. Mustered out July 17, 1865. Majors Charles Scott, of Peterborough. Promoted to Lieut. Colonel April 22, 1862. 298 THE GREAT REBELLION. Obed G. Dort, of Keene. Resigned Oct. 15, 1862. Phin P. Bixby, of Concord. Wounded July 15, 1864. Promoted to Lieut. Colonel July 28, 1864. Samuel D. Quarles, of Ossipee. Promoted to Lieut. Colonel June 1, 1865. Robert L. Ela, of Concord. Mustered out July 17, 1865. Adiutants Don H. "Woodward, of Keene. Resigned Nov. 28, 1861. Phin P. Bixby, of Concord. Promoted to Major Oct. 15, 1862. John S. Smith, of Peterborough. Wounded July 30, 1864. Mustered out March 2, 1865. Quartermasters Alonzo Nute, of Farmington. Resigned March 19, 1863. Eli Wentworth, of Milton. Died July 18, 1863. Gilmore McL. Houston, of Plymouth. Mustered out July 17, 1865. Surgeons William A. Tracy, of Nashua. l?, 1L !,f Resigned March 15, 1863. >r tei James H. Noyes, of Nashua. Sherman Cooper, of Claremont. Mustered out November 28, 1864. Mustered out July 17, 1865. Aes t Surgeons Sherman Cooper, of Claremont. Promoted to Surgeon March 20, 1863. James H. Noyes, of Nashua. Promoted to Surgeon Jan. 2, 1865. James P. Walker, of Manchester. Resigned Feb. 8, 1864. Elihu P. Pierce, of Winchester. Mustered out July 17, 1865. Chaplains Robert Stinson, of Croydon. Resigned July 15, 1862. John A. Hamilton, of Keene. Resigned July J, 1863. John S. Dore, of Waterville, Me. Mustered out July 17. 1865. Sergeant Majors Timothy K. Ames, of Peterborough. Promoted to Second Lieut. April 28, 1862. Charles F. Winch, of Peterborough. Promoted to Second Lieut. Aug. 6, 1862. SIXTH REGIMENT. 299 John M. Dodd, of Peterborough. Re-enlisted Jan. 1, 1864. Promoted to Second Lieut. Jan. 1, 1864. Abraham Cohn, of New York City. Wounded July 30, 1864 Promoted to First Lieut. March 1, 1865. Quartermaster Sergeants A. M. Kimball, of Rochester. Not officially accounted for. Gilmore McL. Houston, of Plymouth. Promoted to Quartermaster Aug. 1, 1863. Omar "W. Gate, of Holderness. Re-enlisted Jan. 4, 1864. Promoted to First Lieut. June 1, 1865. Elijah T. Platts, of Fitzwilliam. Mustered out July 17, 1865. Commissary Sergeants John H. Varney, of Milton. Promoted to Second Lieut. Feb. 1, 1863. Samuel R. Dickerman, of Nashua. Re-enlisted Jan. 1, 1864. Reduced to ranks July 1, 1864. John A. Platts, of Fitzwilliam. Promoted to First Lieut. June 1, 1865. William Delano, of Newport, Mustered out July 17, 1855. Hospital Stewards James H. Noyes, of Nashua, Promoted to Ass t Surgeon May 13, 1862. Levi P. Dodge, of New London. Discharged for disability Feb. 1863. Marshall L. Brown, of Keene. Re-enlisted Dec. 29, 1863. Promoted to Ass t Surgeon June 1, 1865. Charles Gelberg, of Stark. Mustered out July 17, 1865. Principal Musicians Shubael "White, of Keene. Discharged for disability March 3, 1862, John Currier. Not officially accounted for. "Wallace Scott, af Peterborough. Mustered out Dec. 13, 1864. John G. Mason, of Tarn worth. Mustered out July 17, 1865. COMPANY OFFICERS. Co. A. Captains Joseph Clark, of Plymouth. Resigned April 14, 1862. Oliver H. P. Craige, of Holderness. Resigned Oct. 21, 1862. 300 THE GREAT REBELLION. Thomas II. Dearborn of Seabrook. Mustered out Nov. 27. 1864. John S. Rowell, of Brentwoed. Mustered out July 17, 1865. First Lients. Oliver H. P. Craige, of Holderness. Promoted to Captain April 15, 1862 Thomas P. Cheeney, of Holderness. Resigned Nov. 25, 1862 Thomas H. Dearborn, of Seabrook. Promoted to Captain Dec. 24, 1863. John S. Rowell, of Brentwood. Wounded Sept. 30, 1864. Promoted to Captain Jan. 7, 1865. Omar W. Gate, of Holderness. Mustered out July 17, 1865. Second Lieuts. Thos. P. Cheeney, of Holderness. Promoted to First Lieut. April 15, 1862. Alfred L. Smith, of Plymouth. Resigned Dec. 22, 18(53. Frederick P. Hardy, of Groton. Promoted to Captain Jan. 8, 1865. Alvah Heald, of Temple. Mustered out July 17, 1865. n B Captains Sam. P. Adams, of Haverhill. Resigned July 30, 1862. Samuel G. Goodwin, of Littleton. Wounded July 3, 1864. Appointed Major U. S. Vols. by brevet, for gallant and meritorious services before Petersburg, Va., to date from April 2, 1865. Mustered out as Captain July 17, 1865. First Lieuts. Andrew J. Roberts, of Enfield. Resigned May 10, 1862. Samuel G. Goodwin, of Littleton. Promoted to Captain July 31, 1862. Lyman Jackman, of Woodstock. Promoted to Captain Aug. 1, 1804. Thomas J. Carlton, of Enfield. Wounded Sept. 30, 1864. Promoted to Captain Jan. 10, 1865. Frank Pierce, of Troy. Mustered out July 17, 1865. Second Lieuts. Samuel G. Goodwin, of Littleton. Promoted to First Lieut. May 16, 1862. Lyman Jackman, of Woodstock. Promoted to First Lieut. Jan. 1, 1863. James M. Dodd, of Peterborough. Died of disease May 14, 1864. SIXTH REGIMENT. 301 Co. C. Captains Henry H. Pearson, of Exeter. Promoted to Lieut. Colonel Oct. 15, 1862. William K. Crossfield, of Keene. Killed near Petersburg, July 30, 1864. Lyrnan Jackman, of AVoodstock. Taken Prisoner at Poplar Grove Church Sept. 30, 1864. Released Feb. 24, 1865. Mustered out July 17, 1865. First Lieuts. David A. Titcomb, of Seabrook. Promoted to Captain April 18, 1862. James P. Brooks, of Newmarket. Resigned Oct. 31, 1862. John H. Varney, of Milton. Mustered out Jan. 5, 1865. Abraham Cohn, of New York City. Mustered out July 17, 1865. Second Lieuts. James P. Brooks, of Newmarket. Promoted to First Lieut. April 29, 1862. Matthew K Greenleaf, of Exeter. Promoted to First Lieut. Sept. 12, 1862. Thomas H. Dearborn, of Seabrook. Promoted to First Lieut. July 1, 1863 Henry J. Griffin, of Concord. Promoted to First Lieut. Sept. 1, 1864. Henry E. Badger, of Peterborough. Mustered out July 17, 1865. Co. D. Captains Samuel D. Quarles, of Ossipee. Wounded May 18, 1864. Promoted to Major July 28, 1864. John W. Hanscom, of Farmington. Mustered out July 17, 1865. First Lieuts. Josiah N. Jones, of Wakefield. Promoted to Captain Aug. 4, 1862. Albert W. Hayes, of Farmington. Promoted to Captain Oct. 24, 1862. Orange B. Otis, of Rochester. Wounded July 3, 1864. Honorably discharged Nov. 28, 1864. Charles W. Thurston, of Stoddard. Mustered out July 17, 1865. Second Lieuts. Albert W. Hayes, of Farmington. Promoted to First Lieut. Aug. 4", 1862. Josiah Prescott, of Sandwich. Killed at Bull Run, Aug. 29, 1862. Robert T. Brown, of Tamworth. Dismissed Nov. 18, 1863 302 THE GREAT REBELLION. John "W. Hanscom, of Farmington. Wounded July 30, 1864. Promoted to Captain Jan. 9, 1865. Co. E. Captains Obed G. Dort, of Keene. Promoted to M^or April 22, 1862. John A. Cummings, of Peterborough. Discharged to accept promotion, April 5, 1864. Edward F. Adams, of Maryborough. Mustered out Jan. 6, 1865. William H. Keay, of Dover. Mustered out July 1 7, 1865. First Lieuts. J. H. Cummings, of Peterborough. Promoted to Captain April 23, 1862. George H. Muchmore, of Keene. Died Sept. 11, 1862. Matthew K Greenleaf, of Exeter. Promoted to Captain July 1, 1863. Edward F. Adams, of Marlborough. Promoted to Captain April 20, 1864. John Curtin, of Keene. Wounded May 6, 1864. Wounded June 3, 1864. Discharged on account of wounds Aug. 19, 1864. Sidney B. Higgins, of Chesterfield. Mustered out July 17, 1865. Second Lieuts. George II. Muchmore, of Keene. Promoted to First Lieut. April 23, 1862. William K. Crossfield, of Keene. Promoted to Captain Oct. 16, 1862. John S. Smith, of Peterborough. Promoted to Adjutant March 20, 1863. John Curtin, of Keene. Promoted to First Lieut. April 20, 1864. Frank L. Gray, of Hancock. Wounded May 12, 1864. Not mustered. Discharged for disability as First Sergeant, Dec. 25, 1864. James 0. Smith, of Holdeness. Mustered out July 17, 1865. Co. F. Captains George C. Starkweather, of Keene. Resigned Jan. 29, 1862. Amos D. Combs, of Swanzey. Resigned Aug. 2, 1862. Josiah K. Jones, of Wakcfield. Mustered out Nov. 28, 1864. Thomas J. Carlton, of Enfield. Honorably discharged June 13, 1865. SIXTH REGIMENT. 303 John H. Pinkham, of Dover. Mustered out July 17, 18G5. First Lieuts. Amos I). Combs, of Swanzcy. Promoted to < aptain April "2 , 1802. John L. Adams, of Alstead. Honorably discharged March 14, 1868. George E. Upton. Killed at Petersburg July 80, 1864. Charles L. Clarke, of Wolfeborough. Mustered out July 17, 1865. Second Lieuts. John L. Adams, of Alstead. Promoted to First Lieut April 29, 1862. Isaac A. Dustin, of Deny. Promoted to First Lieut. Feb. 1, 1863. Cyrus G. McClure, of Keene. Wounded May 18, 1864. Honorably discharged Nov. 28, 1864. Charles C. Chesley, of Concord. Mustered out July 17, 1865. Co. G. Captains John W. Putnam, of Croydon. Resigned Oct. 27, 1862. Albert W. Hayes, of Farmington. Honorably discharged Sept. 30, 1863. Isaac A. Dustin, of Derry. Honorably discharged May 17, 1864. Adams K. Tilton, of Canterbury. Killed near Pegram House, Va., Sept. 30, 1864. Henry J. Griffin of Concord. Mustered out July 17, 1864. First Lieuts. E. Darwin Comings, of Croydon. Promoted to Captain Aug. 2, 1862. Timothy K. Ames, of Peterborough. Killed at Bull Run, Aug. 22, 1862. Isaiah A. Dustin, of Derry. Promoted to Captain Nov. 1, 1863. Adams 3L Tilton, of Canterbury. Promoted to Captain July 2, 1864. Henry J. Griffin, of Concord. Promoted to Captain Jan. 11, 1865. Russell Tyler, of Cornish. Wounded April 2, 1865. Mustered out July 17, 1866. Second Lieuts. C. Y. Gardner, of Sunapee. Resigned May 15, 1862. Edward M. Emerson. Resigned Dec. 3, 1862. 304 THE ORE AT REBELLION. John A. George, of Newport. Honorably discharged Aug. 26, 1864. Sebastian L. Getchell, of Wentworth. Honorably discharged Aug. 26, 1864. Moses P. Bemis, of Littleton. Mustered out July 17 1865. Co. H. Captains John B. Sanders, of Durham. Resigned Aug. 2, 1862. E. Darwin Comings, of Croydon. Resigned Oct. 31, 1862. Matthew N". Greenleaf, of Exeter. Wounded June 30, 1864. Honorably discharged for disability Nov. 28, 1864. Restored to rank March 1, 1865. Mustered out July 17, 1865. First Lieuts. Andrew J. Sides, of Portsmouth. Resigned July 3, 1862. Eli Wentworth, of Milton. Appointed Quartermaster March 19, 1863. Theodore llanscom, of Jaffrey. Promoted to Captain Nov. 2, 1863. "William H. Keay, of Dover. Wounded July 26, 1864. Promoted to Captain Jan 7, 1865. John II. Pinkham, of Dover. Promoted to Captain June 1, 1865. Second Lieuts. Eli Wentworth, of Milton. Promoted to First Lieut. July 4. 1862. Hosea C. Clay, of Rochester. Died of disease Nov. 3, 1862. Theodore llanscom, of Jaffrey. Promoted to First Lieut. July 2, 1863. Thomas J. Carl ton, of Enfield. Wounded June 3, 1864. Promoted to First Lieut. Aug. 1, 1864. Co. I. Captains Robert L. Ela, of Concord. Wounded severely Aug. 29, 1862. Wounded July 30, 1864. Re-mustered Captain second term three years. Promoted to Major June 1, 1865. Robert II. Potter, of Concord. Mustered out July 17, 1865. First Lieuts. Thomas T. Moore, of Concord. Killed at Bull Run Aug. 29, 1862. Charles J. Brown of Epsom. Honorably discharged Nov. 4, 1864. Robert II. Potter, of Concord. Promoted to Captain June 1, 1865 SIXTH REGIMENT. 305 Second Lieuts. Hubbard T. Dudley, of Concord. Resigned June 30, 1862. Charles J. Brown, of Epsom. Promoted to First Lieut. Sept. 1, 1862. Adam K. Tilton, of Canterbury. Promoted to First Lieut. Nov. 1, 1863. Joseph M. Shephard, of Gilmanton. Killed in action June 9. 1864. Prescgtt Hall, of Canterbury. Honorably discharged Dec. 5, 1864. Henry K. "Whi taker, of Goshen. Mustered out July 17, 1865. Co. K Captains Ebenezer H. Converse, of Rindge. Resigned April 24, 1862. David A. Titcomb, of Seabrook. Resigned Dec. 22, 1862. Theodore Hanscom, of Jaffrey. Discharged Nov. 26, 1864. Frederick P. -Hardy, of Groton. Mustered out July 17, 1865. First Lieuts. Jonas Cutting, of New Ipswich. Resigned April 24, 1862. Charles L. Fuller, of Peterborough. Wounded Aug. 29, 1862. Died of wounds Sept. 2, 1862. Charles F. Winch, of Peterborough. Honorably discharged April 20, 1864. John A. Platts, of Fitzwilliam. Mustered out July 17, 1865. Second Lieuts. Chas. L. Fuller, of Peterborough. Promoted to First Lieut. April 28, 1862. Timothy K. Ames, of Peterborough. Promoted to First Lieut. Ang. 5, 1862. Charles F. Winch, of Peterborough. Promoted to First Lieut. Sept. 20, 1862. Charles H. Hull, of ~New Ipswich. Resigned Jan. 13, 1863. John H. Varney, of Milton. Promoted to First Lieut. Feb. 1, 1864 George W. Osgood, of Nelson. ^Promoted to First Lieut. July 3, 1864. Addison G. Harmon, of Madison. Mustered out July 17, 1865. 306 THE GREAT REBELLION. COLONEL NELSON CONVERSE. Colonel Kelson Converse resides ^t Marlborough in Cheshire County. lie has held several commissions in the State militia, running through a long term of years. In 1860, when a reorganization of the militia was made throughout the State. Colonel Converse was O appointed Major General of the Third Division. In October, 1861, it was determined to raise the Sixth Regiment, and that it should rendezvous at Keene. Captain Mack, of the regular army, a native of Cheshire County, was appointed Colonel, and Kelson Converse, Lieut. Colonel, and was to take the general charge of raising the regiment and making it ready for the field. He was very active and efficient in the performance of this trust, and his extensive- aquaintance enabled him to enlist the requisite number of men in a very short time. It was finally found that Captain Mack would not be relieved from the position he held in the regular army by the War Department, and Lieut. Colonel Con verse was promoted to Colonel on the 26th of October. He went to the seat of war with his regiment, and commanded it until the 8th of March, 1862, when, in con sequence of ill health, he resigned. While he command ed the regiment its duties were mostly in camp, at Ilatteras Inlet, North Carolina. It was not called into action at all until after Colonel Converse had resigned. GENERAL SIMON G. GRIFFIN. General Griffin was born at Kelson, Cheshire County, Kew Hampshire, on the 9th of August, 1824. He re ceived a thorough academical education, and for several years was engaged in teaching. While thus engaged he represented his native town two years in the popular branch of the Kew Hampshire legislature. He com- SIXTH REGIMENT. 307 menced the study of law with Alvah Wood, of Exeter, continued with Messrs. Flint & Bryant, of Concord, was admitted to the bar in Merrimack County in the autumn of 1860, and immediately commenced practice at Con cord. "When news came of the assault on Fort Sumter, Gen. Griffin at once turned his attention to military affairs and commenced the study of military tactics. He and a number of other young men formed a com pany, and at its organization he was chosen its Captain and commissioned by Governor Goodwin. This com pany, assisted by citizens of Concord, procured Sharpe s breech-loading rifles, and afterward became the famous Company B, of the Second Regiment, New Hampshire Volunteers, noted for its efficiency as skirmishers and sharpshooters. He commanded the Company during the first battle of Bull Run, on the 21st of July, 1861. In October, 1861, Capt. Griffin was promoted to Lieutenant Colonel, and transferred to the Sixth New Hampshire Regiment, which was then being enlisted. In March, 1862, Colonel Converse resigned, and the command of the regiment devolved upon Lieut. Col. Griffin. On the 7th of April he commanded an expedi tion composed of six hundred men, assisted by five gun boats from the Navy, to Elizabeth City, North Carolina, which resulted in the capture of seventy-four prisoners, three hundred and fifty stand of arms, ammunition and other property, the killing of one rebel and the wound ing of two others in the attack, and the breaking up of a rebel rendezvous at that place. He also commanded the regiment at the battle of Camden, N. C., on the 19th of April, where by its conduct it won a good repu tation as a fighting regiment, and was permitted, in general orders, to inscribe " Camden, April 19, 1862," upon its colors. On the 22d of April Lieut. Colonel Griffin was commissioned Colonel of the Sixth Regi ment. He commanded the regiment at the second battle 308 THE GREAT REBELLION. of Bull Bun, on the 29th of August, 1862, and in the battle of Chantilly, on the 1st of September, on both of which occasions the regiment acted withgreat bravery. At the battle of Antietam, on the 17th of September, Col. Griffin, with his regiment and the Second Mary land, charged the stone bridge across Antietam creek, and although checked at first by the murderous fire of the enemy, succeeded in carrying the bridge, and the Sixth, with Col. Griffin at its head, was the first to form its line on the height beyond. He commanded his regi ment at the battle of Fredericksburg, on the 13th of December, where it lost seventy-five men killed and wounded, being about one-third of its entire strength. On the 20th of May, 1863, Col. Griffin was assigned permanently to the command of the First Brigade, Second Division, Ninth Army Corps. Early in June the brigade went, under command of Col. Griffin, to the assistance of Gen. Grant in his operations against Vicksburg, and participated in its capture. He was also with his command in the campaign of Gen. Sher man against Gen. Joe Johnston, and the capture of the city of Jackson, Miss., in July, where he was in charge of the Ninth Corps, having three brigades under his command. In August the Corps returned to Kentucky, and a part of it immediately proceeded across the Cum berland Mountains to join Gen. Burnside in his cam paign in East Tennessee, Col. Griffin being in command of the Second Division of the Ninth Army Corps. In October, Col. Griffin was sent by Gen. Burnside to bring forward the remainder of the Ninth Corps, which had been left in Kentucky, but was finally assigned to the command of Camp Nelson, at that time a large and important post, as the rendezvous of the Tennessee refugees, to the number of about nine thousand, who were there formed into regiments. In the spring of 1864 the Ninth Corps was re-organ- SIXTH REGIMENT. 309 zed at Annapolis, Md., and Col. Griffin was assigned to the command of the Second Brigade, Second Di vision, composed of the Sixth, Ninth and Eleventh New Hampshire, the Thirty-first and Thirty-second Maine, and the Seventeenth Vermont regiments. He com manded his brigade in the battle of the Wilderness, May 6th, 1864, and also in the battle of Spottsylvania Court House, on the 12th, in the latter of which it saved Gen. Hancock s Corps from being routed. It was in this battle that Col. Griffin acted with such consummate skill and gallantry as to win a Brigadier General s commission, on the recommendation of Gen. Grant. He was in command of his brigade at the battles of North Anna River, May 20th and 21st, Ptolopotamy Creek, May 31st, Bethesda Church, June 2d, and Cold Harbor, June 3d. On the night of the 16th of June General. Griffin, in command of his own and Gen. Curtin s brigade, made an adroit and successful attack on the enemy s intrenched lines in front of Petersburg, carrying their works for a mile in extent, capturing nearly one thousand prisoners, besides four pieces of artillery, caissons and horses, more than a thousand stand of small arms and a quantity of ammunition. Gen. Pot ter, commanding the division, entrusted the whole planning and execution of this attack to Gen. Griffin, and most skilfully did he carry out his part of it. He had made a wide breach in the enemy s lines, and there was nothing to prevent an advance into the city, had supports come up in time. But the other corps were not ready to advance, and when, at three o clock in the afternoon, the First and Third Divisions attacked, the enemy was prepared to meet them, and they were repulsed with immense slaughter. Gen. Griffin com manded his brigade in the assault on the " Mine," July 30th, at the battle of the Weldon Railroad, on 310 THE GREAT REBELLION, the 20th of August, the hattle of Poplar Spring Church, on the 30th of September, and at the battle of Hatcher s Kun, on the 27th of October. On the Second of April, 1865, Gen. Griffin arranged and led the assault on the enemy s lines at " Fort Hell," on the part of the Second Division, Ninth Army Corps, which gave us Petersburg and Richmond. At the commencement of the action Gen. Potter, commanding the Division, was severely wounded, and was succeeded by Gen. Griffin, who exhibited throughout the greatest activity, bravery and skill. For "gallant conduct "in this battle he was breveted a Major General of IT. S. Volunteers a brevet that was worth something, for it was won sword in hand, on one of the most bloody fields of the entire war. He retained command of the Division and joined with the Corps in the pursuit and capture of Gen. Lee s army. He returned with the Division to Alexandria, and was mustered out of the United States service in September, 1865. His service was constantly at the front, and never, during the whole war, did the troops of his command make a march or come under fire in a single instance that he was not present to command them in person. After returning home, Gen. Griffin was offered by the government a position as field officer in one of the old regiments, and his appointment was made out and sent to him; but after so thorough an experience of the hardships and privations of the field, and after the war was over and there being no real call of his country for his services, he preferred the quiet and enjoyment of home, and declined the offer. Subsequent ly Gen. Griffin settled in Keene, and in 1866 was elected in that town to a seat in the popular branch of the Legislature, was re-enlisted in 1867 and 1868, and served both of the last two years as Speaker of the House. Few men who entered the army from any SIXTH REGIMENT. * 311 State can show a more honorable record in the field than that made by Major General Simon G. Griffin. COLONEL PHIN P. BIXBY. Colonel Bixby is a native of New Hampshire. When the war broke out, in 1861, he was engaged in trade at Concord, as a member of the firm of Webster & Bixby, doing a thriving business. But he felt that his country had claims upon him and needed his services, and de termined to abandon his peaceful pursuits and enlist for the war in some capacity. He tendered his services to the Governor, and on the 30th of November, 1861, was commissioned Adjutant of the Sixth Regiment, New Hampshire Volunteers. He performed the duties of this position to general acceptance. He was in the second battle of Bull Run, on the 29th of August, 1862, was wounded, taken prisoner and carried to Libby Prison, Richmond, where he was kept five or six weeks, and then exchanged, re-joined his regiment about the middle of October, on the 15th of which month, Major Dort having resigned, he was commissioned Major in his place. Major Bixby was again wounded on the 15th of July, 1864, in front of Petersburg, in conse quence of which he was absent from his regiment about three months, during w r hich time, on the 28th of July, 1864, he was promoted to Lieut. Colonel, in place of Lieut. Colonel Pearson, killed at North Anna River. He was most of the time in command of his regiment, until the last battle of Petersburg, when he was in command of a brigade. Gen. Potter was wounded, Gen. Griffin took command of the Division and Col. Bixby succeeded to the command of the brigade, which position he held until after the surrender of Lee. After the promotion of Col. Griffin, Lieut. Colonel Bixby was promoted to Colonel, on the 21st of February, 1865. He was also 312 THE GREAT REBELLION. appointed Colonel of United States Volunteers, by brevet, " for gallant and highly meritorious conduct in the assault before Petersburg, Va., to date from April 2, 1865." He continued with and commanded his regi ment until the 17th of July, 1865, when he was mustered out with it. He was with his regiment in all its hard marches and battles from the date of his first commission until the close of the war, except during the three months that he was laid up with wounds received in front of Petersburg. After the close of the war Col. Bixby returned home, and is now in business a,t Con cord, with his old partner, Mr. Webster. He was a brave soldier, and always at his post ready for duty. LIEUT. COLONEL HENRY H. PEARSON. Lieut. Colonel Pearson was born at Newport, HI., on the 26th of February, 1840. In 1854 he removed with his family to Bloomington, and soon after determined, if possible, to obtain a liberal education. His father being in moderate circumstances, young Pearson went resolutely to work in a lumber yard at Lincoln, on the St. Louis Railroad, in order to obtain* means to meet the expenses of a preparatory college course. He had a great passion for study and books of almost all kinds, and more especially biographies and history. In 1860 he came to Exeter and entered Phillips Academy, where he was soon distinguished as a close, faithful and able scholar. His dignified deportment, uniform good nature and forbearance gained for him the good will and respect of his instructors and associates. All who knew him saw that he had a purpose; that his mind was filled with noble aspirations, and that he promised to signalize himself in whatever pursuit in life he might adopt. On the breaking out of the rebellion, in April, 1861, SIXTH REGIMENT. 313 young Pearson was fired with true military ardor and patriotism, and determined to enlist and fight the battles of his country against treason and rebellion. He at once left the academy and started for the seat of war, and walked all the way from Baltimore to Washington, where he at once joined a miliary company, with which he served until after the first disastrous battle of Bull Run. He then returned to Exeter, and in the autumn of 1861 was commissioned Captain by Gov. Berry, and set himself vigorously at work to raise a company, at the same time reading the best histories he could obtain of the military campaigns of Napoleon, and making plans of his great battles. He was most delighted with the movements on the field of Waterloo, and drew diagrams of them. The war reports of McClellan, Mordecai and Delafield were read by him with great interest, and digested and remembered. In order to raise his company he appointed war meetings in towns in the neighborhood of Exeter, and addressed the peo ple with modesty, simplicity and marked effect. On the 22d of November he left Exeter, with nearly a full company, for Keene, and joined the Sixth Regiment, then being organized there. His company was as signed its proper place in the line, and lettered C. Soon after, and before leaving the State with his regi ment, the people of Exeter presented Captain Pearson with a handsome sword and other substantial testimo nials of their regard and esteem. Tn April, 1862, he led his company against the enemy at Camden, K C., and also at Bull Run, on the 29th of August, on both of which occasions he behaved with great coolness and bravery, and commanded his com pany with consummate tact and skill. He afterward wrote interesting sketches of these two battles arid made diagrams to accompany them, all of which were published. These papers disclosed keen discrimination 314 THE GREAT REBELLION. and a remarkable knowledge of the principal military movements in those battles. At Chantilly, South Mountain and Fredericksburg the Sixth was in the thickest of the contest, and afterward in June and July, 1863, at Vicksburg, and Jackson, Mississippi, took a prominent part, on all of which occasions Capt. Pearson distinguished himself for coolness and gallantry. When in December, 1863, the men of the Sixth Regiment re-enlisted for a second term, Capt. Pearson, for meri torious conduct, was promoted to Lieut. Colonel of his regiment. He went into the great campaign of 1864 with confidence and zeal. In the battle of the Wilder ness he led his men with discretion and bravery. On the 26th of May, at North Anna River, about twelve miles from Richmond, while reconnoitering the move ments and position of the enemy with a field glass, he was shot by a sharpshooter, the ball entering his fore head. He never spoke afterward and died in a few hours. Lieut. Colonel Pearson was a man of fine natural ability, good education, of commanding figure and man ner; kind and attentive to the wants of his men; always ready to share with them his blanket and last crust, which with his coolness and bravery, gained for him the love and respect of all. He controlled his men by his force of character rather than by any established rules of discipline. He was in every battle where his regiment was engaged up to the time of his death. By his superior officers and all others he was admitted to be the ablest and most accomplished officer of his rank in the Ninth Army Corps, and there was no one of any rank who enjoyed more universal respect and esteem, or whose death would have been more sincerely lamented, not only on account of his value as an officer but his worth as a man and friend. SIXTH REGIMENT. 315 Soon after the arrival of the Sixth "Regiment at, Washington it was assigned to Gen. Burnside s Division and proceeded to Ilatteras Inlet, North Carolina, arriv ing there on the 13th of January, 1862, amidst a most terrific storm. The storm continued eight days, during which it was impossible to land the troops or proceed to any other destination. The Sixth finally disembarked at Ilatteras Inlet, and went into camp of instruction, with the Eleventh Connecticut, Eighty-ninth New York, Forty-eighth Pennsylvania, and Ninth New York Hawkins Zouaves reporting to Brigadier General Williams, commanding post and brigade. Here the regiment was attacked with a malignant fever, which with measles, that assumed a virulent type, in con sequence of the removal of the regiment while the disease was in progress, carried off sixty men in as many days. The regiment embarked to Roanoke Island, where it arrived on the 2d of March, and went into camp as a part of the garrison of that post, under Colonel Rush C. Hawkins, as brigade and post com mander. On the 8th Colonel Converse resigned his commission, and Lieut. Colonel Griffin assumed com mand of the regiment. On the 7th of April four companies of the Sixth, with two companies of the Ninth New York Regiment, in all about six hundred men, under command of Lieut. Colonel Griffin, were sent to break up an encampment of rebels at Elizabeth City, N. C., and if possible cap ture the recruits. The expedition consisted of five gunboats and a steamer to convey the troops. The expedition left Roanoke Island at night, and was to make the attack at daylight the next morning. In the attack one rebel was killed, two wounded and seventy- four made prisoners, the remainder taking to the woods upon the first appearance of the Union forces. Three 316 THE GREAT REBELLION. hundred and fifty stand of arms, and a quantity of ammunition and public property, were taken, and the rendezvous broken up. On the 19th of April, the Sixth with its brigade was in the buttle of Cainden, N. C. At a critical moment, after other regiments in the brigade had been repulsed by the enemy, the Sixth was ordered to advance and drive the rebels from the w r oods, which they occupied beyond an open field. The regiment moved forward in gallant style in line of battle, with colors flying, and immediately drew the fire of the enemy ; a shell swept through the lines, near the colors, killing Curtis Flan ders, of Co. I, and wounding one other ; but the regi ment moved steadily on without breaking its lines or firing a shot. When within musket range it halted and poured in a terrific volley, with all the coolness and pre cision of regular troops. The enemy broke and fled, without firing a shot. By its good conduct on this occasion the regiment established a character as a fight ing regiment, and was permitted, in general orders, to inscribe "Camden, April 19, 1862," upon its colors. The loss of the Sixth in this affair was one man killed and two wounded. The success of this expedition was the occasion of a congratulatory and complimentary order from Gen. Burnside, in command of the Depart ment of North Carolina. Congratulatory orders were also received from Gen. Reno, commanding the expe dition, and Gov. Berry, of New Hampshire. On the 22d of April, Lieut. Colonel Griffin was com missioned Colonel; Major Scott was promoted to Lieut. Colonel, and Capt. 0. G. Dort, of campany E, to Major, by the choice of the officers of the regiment. On the 18th of June the regiment left Roanoke Island, joined Burnside s expedition at Newbern, and was assigned to Colonel Amory s brigade, of General Fos ter s division. While at Roanoke Island the Sixth SIXTH REGIMENT. 317 received such instruction in tactics and discipline as made it afterward one of the most efficient and reliable regiments in the service. When it arrived at Newbern its proficiency in drill and splendid appearance as a body of troops called forth the encomiums of general officers, and other regiments stationed there. On the 2d of July the Sixth, with other regiments, was ordered to proceed to the peninsula, in Virginia, to join Gen. McClellan, who was retreating before Lee. They embarked and proceeded to Newport News, and instead of going up the James, to the assistance of McClellan, they disembarked at this point on the 10th, and went into camp. While in this encampment the Ninth Corps was organized, with General Burnside as its corps and department commander, and the Sixth was assigned to the First Brigade, Second Division. On the 2d of August the Second Division, under General Reno, embarked on board transports, and proceeded up Chesapeake Bay and Potomac River, to Aquia Creek, where it disembarked, and after halt ing some days at Fredericksburg, marched to Culpeper Court House, and joined the army of General Pope. The disastrous campaign which followed was one of peculiar hardship and trial, and evinced the courage and endurance for which the Sixth was remarkable. On the 29th of August the retreating army found itself confronting the whole rebel force for the second time since the war began, on the field of Bull Run. At three o clock on the afternoon of that day, the first brigade of Reno s Division was brought up, and ordered to attack the enemy and drive them from the woods in which they were massed. The brigade was formed with the Second Maryland on the right, the Sixth New Hampshire in the center, and the Forty-eighth Penn sylvania on the left, and moved forward in line of battle. Immediately upon entering the woods the command 318 THE GREAT REBELLION. was received with a sharp and murderous fire, under which, however, the Sixth, and Second Maryland pressed steadily forward; but the Forty-eighth Penn sylvania gave ground to the right, and fell behind the Sixth New Hampshire. The regiment pushed forward in the most resolute manner, driving the enemy before them, keeping its line perfect, not a man leaving the ranks, not even to care for wounded or dead. The regiment crossed a railroad cut, and advancing one or two hundred yards beyond, it found itself assailed on every side. The wood was very thick, and amid the smoke of battle nothing could be discerned more than a few yards. Supposing the left to be supported and protected by others of our own troops, it was believed that the fire from the left and rear must be from friends. To ascertain the true state of the case, Colonel Griffin seized the colors, and advanced in that direction, waving them in the air. He was met by a murderous fire, which proved that there were no friends of the stars and stripes in that direction. Finding that his regiment would be sacrificed unless withdrawn immediately, the Colonel ordered a retreat, and brought off his men with all possible dispatch. Of four hundred and fifty officers and men who went into this engagement, thirty- two were killed, one hundred and ten wounded, and sixty-eight were missing; making a total of two hun dred and ten, or nearly one-half of the whole number present for duty. Of the missing nearly all were either killed or wounded, and the wounded were all captured, as the enemy occupied the ground after the fight. Of twenty officers present on that day, five were killed, six wounded and two captured. Among the killed were Lieutenents Fuller, Ames, Moore, Prescott and Muchmore, Captains Pearson and Ela, and Lieutenants Hayes, Adams, Jackman and Titcomb were wounded, and Adjutant Bixby and Lieutenant Emerson made SIXTH REGIMENT. 319 prisoners. The next day the Ninth Corps was again put into action on the left of the line, holding the enemy in check, and were the last to leave the field, which they did just before midnight, August 30th, and marched in a drenching rain to Centerville, where it arrived next morning, the army having made a stand there to cover the trains. On the 1st of September the enemy made an attack at Chantilly, when a sharp engagement ensued, which resulted in his repulse. In this the Sixth was actively engaged and did good service. Advancing over a ridge of ground to support troops already engaged, they met the Fiftieth Pennsylvania just breaking and flying in confusion. Seeing the New Hampshire boys moving gallantly forward to their assistance, in a well formed line of battle, with colors flying, the Pennsylvania troops rallied promptly, and, forming on the right of the Sixth, returned bravely to the attack. The two regiments united, and, protected by a rail fence on the edge of a corn field, repulsed the attack of the enemy in that quarter, and held them in check until night put an end to the contest. During that night and the next day the army fell back to the defense of Washington, and the Ninth Corps encamped at Alexandria. While here the men were rested and supplied with needed clothing and camp and garrison equipage. Lee and Jackson having crossed the Potomac, the army moved out from Washington under General Mc- Clellan, to repel the invasion. The Sixth Regiment moved with its brigade on the 7th of September^ and passing through Frederick and Middletown, was present at the battle of South Mountain on the 13th, in which the division was commanded by General Sturgis, was used as support, and was but slightly engaged. The division occupied the ground won during the fight and the next day moved forward toward Antietam. 320 THE ORE AT REBELLION. BATTLE OF ANTIETAM. On the morning of the 17th of September, 1862, the troops were under arms at daybreak, and very soon afterward the Ninth Corps moved forward to attack the enemy on the extreme left. The attempt to carry the Stone Bridge across Antietam Creek, by the Eleventh Connecticut and other regiments, having failed, Stur- gis division was brought up and ordered to take tho bridge at all hazards, and seize the bights beyond. The regiments selected to make this desperate charge were the Sixth New Hampshire and Second Maryland. The stream was not fordable at that point, and the road occupied by the Union troops, which led to the bridge, came down to the Creek, nearly three hundred yards below the bridge, then turned at right angles, and ran along the bank of the stream with only the narrow stream between it and the enemy, then turned again at right angles to cross the bridge. The opposite bank was a steep, high bluff, covered on its top and sides with forest trees. Behind these trees, and behind barricades of stones and of logs, the enemy was strongly posted, their fire covering every inch of ground over which our troops must pass to reach the bridge. The two regi ments were formed in the field below where the road came down to the creek, some sixty or seventy rods below the bridge, directly under the fire of the concealed enemy. The remainder of the brigade lay still further down the stream, under cover of fences and corn fields, too far away to support promptly the attacking column, composed as it was of two small regiments, numbering about one hundred and fifty men each. But the order of General Sturgis was to charge at once with the regi ments formed by the flank, side by side. The regiments fixed bayonets and moved at the double quick, passing SIXTH REGIMENT. 321 through a narrow opening in a strong chestnut fence, which there was not time to remove, and charged in the most gallant manner directly up the road toward the bridge. As the attacking party, led by Colonel Griffin, debouched from the field into the road, the enemy from their intrenched position redoubled the fury of their fire, sweeping the head of the column with murderous effect. Such sweeping destruction of course checked the advanced columns, but the men sheltered themselves behind fences, logs, and whatever cover they could find, and bravely held the ground already gained, without retreating or giving way an inch. Other troops were brought up and put in position behind a bluff, directly front of the bridge, whence such a terrible fire of mus ketry was poured upon the enemy that they abandoned their position and fled. Four regiments now advaced across the bridge without opposition, and the Sixth was the first to advance up the bluff beyond, and from its line on the top of the ridge, where it received a shower of shot and shell from the rebel batteries in the distance. The Ninth Corps crossed the creek, formed its lines and advanced to attack the rebel right. During this move ment, which was at first successful, some of the troops advanced as far as the village of Sharpsburg itself. The Sixth having suffered severely in the early part of the day, was held in reserve. The corps was finally driven back just in advance of the brigade, and that night the regiment was again put into the front line, to perform picket duty. In this most severe battle the Sixth behaved with great gallantry, and was highly complimented by General Burnside. It suffered a loss of nearly one-fifth of its whole number present, in killed and wounded. A few days after the battle the whole corps passed over Maryland Heights, and encamped in Pleasant Valley, where it remained for several weeks. On the 4th of October Lieut, Colonel Scott, who had 322 THE GREAT REBELLION. been absent, sick, since the regiment left Newport News, resigned, and Captain Henry- H. Pearson, of Company C, was promoted to fill the position. Major Dort also resigned, and Adjutant Bixby, who had been ex- ubanged and rejoined the regiment, was promoted to Major. On the 27th of October the army moved from Pleasant Valley, crossed the Potomac by pontoon bridges at Berlin, took up its line of March up the valley east of Blue Ridge, with Richmond for its objective point. Near Waterloo Bridge, the enemy appeared on the right flank, and Sturgis division was sent out to hold them in check. Considerable skirmishing ensued, in which the regiment was engaged, but suffered no loss. On the 19th of November the army arrived at Fal- mouth, in front of Fredericksburg, and encamped on high ground north of the Phillips house. BATTLE OF FREDERICKSBURG. On the 12th of December a part of the army crossed the river and occupied the city of Fredericksburg. The Ninth Corps bivouacked in the streets that night. The bloody assault upon the enemy s works commenced about noon on the 13th. About one o clock, p. M., the Sixth Regiment advanced with its brigade under a shower of shot and shell, and entering the field to the right of the railroad, moved steadily up the slope against the enemy s works. That slope was completely swept by the rebel musketry and artillery fire, and in some places the ground was already covered with dead and wounded; yet nothing could exceed the coolness and gallantry with which the regiment advanced to the charge. Desperate and repeated attempts were made to advance over the crest and attack the enemy in their works, but so destructive was the fire immediately SIXTH REGIMENT. 323 upon reaching the brow of the hill, so perfect was the knowledge of the enemy of every movement of the Union troops, and so completely had the rebels the com mand of the ground, that it was found to be impossible to get at them. Three regiments immediately on the right of the Sixth, broke and fled, leaving a large gap, yet not a man of this regiment left his position or faltered for a moment. This perilous position was held until dark, when the line was withdrawn and took shel ter in the town, leaving only a line of pickets to hold the crest. When the army withdrew across the river the Sixth was one of the last regiments to retire. In this engagement the regiment suffered a loss of seventy- five men, or about one-third of the number that went into the action, killed and wounded. Early in February, 1863, the Sixth regiment was transferred, along with its corps, to Newport News, where they had good quarters, were supplied with cloth ing, camp and garrison equipage, a thorough system of drill was adopted, and the condition of the troops was brought up to the highest state of perfection. On the 18th of March Gen. Dix, commanding the Depart ment, reviewed the whole corps. The display was one of the most brilliant ones evt-r seen in this country. General Burnside having been ordered to the Depart ment of the Ohio, the Ninth Corps was transferred to Kentucky at his request, and proceeded to Cincinnati and thence the Sixth Regiment,, with its brigade was sent to Lexington, which place it reached on the first of April, and after encamping there for a few days, marched to "Winchester. From Winchester it proceeded to Rich mond on the 18th ; to Paint Lick Creek on the 3d of May, and to Lancaster on the 10th. Here it remained until the 23d, encamped, enjoying the pure, fresh air and fragrant fields of the "Blue Grass Region " of ,324 THE GREAT REBELLION. Kentucky, the finest country the soldiers had ever seen. On the 30th of May Gen. James Nagle resigned, and Col. Griffin was permanently assigned to* the command of the brigade, it being the First Brigade, Second Division, Ninth Army Corps. The brigade consisted of the Sixth and Ninth New Hampshire, Second Mary land, Forty-eighth Pennsylvania, and Seventh and Twelfth Rhode Island Regiments. The rebel General Joseph E. Johnston, having collect ed an army at Jackson, Mississippi, and advanced to threaten General Grant s rear, General William T. Sherman was sent out with a force to watch and con front him. Col. Griffin s brigade was ordered to report to General Sherman, and an intrenched line was formed along Oak Ridge, guarding the roads across Big Black river. A few days later the whole corps joined General Sherman, and a second intrenched line was formed in rear of the first, extending from Hayne s and Snyder s bluffs, through Milldale, and along the high ground east of Vicksburg. General Pemberton surrendered the city of Vicksburg to General Grant, on the 4th of July, 1863, and the same day nearly the whole of Grant s and Sherman s armies moved out to meet Johntson, encamping that night near the Big Black. Johnston, hearing of Pem- berton s surrender, fell back upon Jackson, closely pursued by Sherman. The weather was extremely hot, even for that climate, the streams were dry, and the men suffered severely from the oppressive heat and the want of water. Arriving at Jackson, July 10th, the enemy seemed disposed to defend the town. An attack was immediately made by the Ninth Corps, which re sulted in driving him behind his intrenchments. The place was invested arid dispositions made for the final assault. Early on the morning of the 13th of July, while Colonel Griffin was in charge of the Ninth Corps, SIXTH REGIMENT. 325 having three brigades under his command, the enemy made a sudden and furious attack, with a view to break ing the Union lines ; but they were received with much coolness and steadiness by the Sixth New Hamp shire, who deliberately poured upon them a most destructive fire, and they were repulsed with great slaughter. On the morning of the 16th the Sixth was sent out at two o clock, to make a reconnoissance, when it was discovered that the rebels had evacuated the place, and our troops took possession of the town. After destroying the public property the army, on the 20th of July, commenced its march to return to Vicksburg. On the 23d the Sixth reached its old camp at Milldale, where the men inhaled the deadly malaria of the swamps of Yazoo, whose very name signifies in the Indian tongue, the " River of Death." The effects of that climate upon the regiment and upon the whole corps were more disastrous than that of the severest battle. Nearly all were attacked with malarial fever, chills and fever, congestive chills, or some disorder incident to that climate, and large numbers of them died. On the 5th of August the regiment embarked with its brigade on board transports and proceeded up the river to Cairo, and thence by rail to Cincinnati, where it arrived on the 20th. The sickness that pre vailed on board the transports was terrible, and almost universal. Almost every night, as the troops " lay up " on account of low water and the consequent danger from sand bars, a little party would be seen with lan terns, sadly making its way on shore to bury some comrade who had fallen a victim to disease. Lieut. Eli Wentworth, Regimental Quartermaster, was one of the victims, he having died at Milldale on the 18th of July, while the regiment was absent at Jackson. Halting a few days at Covington, it proceeded by rail 326 THE GREAT REBELLION. to Nicholasville, and encamped near Camp Nelson, offi cers and men still suffering terribly from the effects of that southern climate. Large numbers were sent to the hospitals, and many died. On the 9th of September the brigade was divided, and a part of the troops were sent over the Cumberland mountains to join General Burnside in East Tennessee, while the others remained in Kentucky. Col. Griffin proceeded to East Tennessee, in command of the divis ion. The Sixth Regiment was ordered to Frankfort, to do provost duty, where it remained about two weeks, and was then sent to Russellville, to protect the inhabit ants from the enemy s cavalry, who were constantly making incursions into the Southern portion of the State. While here the regiment did valuable service, scouting and chasing guerillas from the country, seizing the horses and mules of well known rebels, and using them for that purpose. Lieut. Colonel Pearson was commander of the post and Major Bixby was in com mand of the regiment. Colonel Griffin having been placed in command of Camp Nelson, a large and important post, the Sixth was on the 25th of October ordered there to do provost duty in connection with other regiments. While here the regiment re-enlisted for another term of three years, or during the war. The men re-enlisted in such numbers as to secure for themselves a veteran organization of ten companies, while many of the other regiments were reduced to mere battalions of two or more companies. The regiment left Camp Nelson on the 16th of January, 1864, for New Hampshire, on a thirty days veteran furlough, leaving the recruits and those who did not re-enlist, under the command of Captain S. G. Goodwin, assisted by Captain Crossfield, Adjutant Smith, Ass t Surgeon Noyes and Chaplain Dore. At Covington Borne days were spent in making out the re-enlistment SIXTH REGIMENT. 327 papers, and on the 20th of January, two hundred and eighty-eight enlisted men, or more than three-fourths of the whole number who had served the required length of time, were re-mustered into the United States service as veterans. The regiment arrived at Keene the place of its original rendezvous on the 28th, where the citi zens gave the men a cordial public reception and supper, and provided them with comfortable quarters in the town hall. The next day the regiment went to Concord, where it received another splendid ovation a procession, and dinner in Phenix Hall. The men were furloughed and went to their respective homes. They re-assembled at Concord on the 29th of February, but were immedi ately given ten days extra, by order of the Secretary of War. On the 10th of March the men again assembled at Concord, under orders to return to the Department of the Ohio, and took cars for the west. Arriving at Manchester, Colonel Griffin received a telegraphic dis patch from the Secretary of War, ordering the regiment back to camp; to await further orders. It returned to Concord and remained there in camp until the 18th, when it proceeded, in compliance with orders, to join the Ninth Army Corps, which was then re-assembling at Annapolis, -Maryland. At Annapolis the recruits were brought forward from Camp Nelson and assigned to companies with the veterans, a thorough system of drill and discipline was instituted, new arms were furnished the men, and the regiment was brought up to a high standard, both as regarded numbers and effectiveness. Upon the re organization of the Ninth Corps Colonel Griffin was assigned to the command of the Second Brigade, Second Division, composed of the Sixth, Ninth and Eleventh New Hampshire, Thirty-first and Thirty-second Maine, and Seventeenth Vermont Regiments, leaving the Sixth 328 THE GREAT REBELLION. again under command of Lieut. Colonel Pearson, one of the best officers of his rank in the service. On the 23d of April the Corps joined the Army or the Potomac, under General Grant. Passing through Washington it was reviewed by President Lincoln, from the balcony of Wil lard s Hotel. After two days spent at Alexandria, procuring supplies and transportation, the Corps again moved on, by way of Fairfax Court House, and joined the Army of the Potomac at the Rapidau, and on the 5th of May crossed the river at Germania Ford, and bivouacked on the field, in rear of Sedgwick s Corps, which had been engaged during the day. At two o clock on the morning of the 6th, the troops were in motion, and moved to attack the enemy in the direction of " Parker s Store." At daylight Griffin s brigade was formed for attack, with the Sixth deployed as skirmishers, as usual, and advanced about one mile, when the enemy was met in force, and a desultory fire kept up during the greater part of the forenoon, without any advantage being gained on either side. About eleven o clock orders were received to move by the flank, with a view to assist in repelling an advance of the enemy on the left of the corps. The movement was made with much difficulty through a dense thicket. The line of the brigade was formed behind those of other brigades of the same corps, who were holding the ground, but making no attempt to advance. Those brigades were lying down. General Burn side himself was present, and gave the order, " Let Griffin attack." The brigade advanced promptly, in line of battle, at the command, and preseing directly over those who were lying down, charged along the whole line. The other brigades rose up and followed, shouting and cheering. The Sixth fixed bayonets and dashed upon the rebels in the most gallant manner, breaking their SIXTH REGIMENT. 329 line and capturing seven commissioned officers and a hundred and six men. Along the whole line of this brigade the attack was successful, and the rebel line was rapidly giving way, but the line to the left did not advance, thus giving the enemy time and opportunity to turn their whole attention to this break in their line. Bringing up re-enforcements, and charging in their turn, the line was compelled to recede a short distance,- but held the ground of their original lines, and in trenched for the night. The Corps was withdrawn the next day and massed in rear of the Lacy House. The loss of the regiment in this engagement was one officer and forty-four men killed and wounded. On the 12th of May occurred the general engagement known as the battle of Spottsylvania Court House/ Orders had been given to attack at four o clock in the morning. The Ninth Corps held the extreme left of the line of the army, and was to advance to the right as well as to the front, and unite with Hancock s Second Corps. At the appointed time the corps moved off to the right in column by brigades Griffin s brigade lead ing, the Sixth Eegiment occupying the left center of the brigade line. Hearing the roar of Hancock s guns, Griffin made for the point whence the sound proceeded. Advancing through the pine woods, under a sharp fire, and driving the enemy s skirmishers before it, the brig ade swung into line along side of the Second Corps, united with its left, and seized a favorable position on the further edge of the wood, looking out upon an open field toward the enemy s lines, and very near their works. Just at this time masses of the rebels were seen emerging from the opposite wood at double quick, in a furious charge upon the left of Hancock s Corps, which had become somewhat disorganized from the suc cessful attack it had just previously made. Taking this whole column of rebels in front and flank, the brigade 330 THE GREAT REBELLION. received the terrible onset with indomitable obstinacy, hurling them back in confusion, and strewing the ground with dead and wounded. A .murderous and incessant fire was kept up on both sides during nearly the whole day, but that position was held until the enemy withdrew, six days later. In this brilliant move ment, in which Col. Griffin won his star, and which, without doubt, saved Hancock s Corps from being routed, the Sixth Regiment bore a conspicuous part, seizing an advanced position, and holding out stubborn ly, when others were disposed to quail. The loss of the regiment in this battle was sixty-eight men killed and wounded. On the 18th, while holding this line, an advance on the enemy s lines was ordered, and the Sixth, with others, moved gallantly forward into the wood, seizing a small eminence within a few yards of the enemy s line, and holding this perilous position until withdrawn by order of General Burnside, on the afternoon of the same day. In this affair Captain S. D. Quarles was severely wounded. That night the army abandoned its position, and moved to the left, and on the 20th and 21st of May pushed on to the North Anna river, where the regiment bore its part in the engagement, but was not in the front line, being held with the reserves. On the 26th, while reconnoitering the move ments and position of the enemy, Lieut. Colonel Pear son was shot through the head by a rebel rifleman. There was not a more promising young officer in the whole corps, and the regiment mourned his loss with heartfelt sorrow. He had been for some time in com mand of the regiment, and his loss was very severely felt. Major Bixby succeeded to the command, and soon obtained the good will of officers and men. The regiment was again engaged with its brigade, at Ptol- opotamy Creek, on the 21st, driving the enemy from SIXTH REGIMENT. 331 his position. In the several engagements from the 16th to the 31st of May, the regiment suffered a loss of three officers and thirteen men. On the 3d of June a general engagement took place at Cold Harbor, in which the Sixth was actively en gaged, near Bethesda Church Griffin s Brigade occu pying the extreme left of the line of the army. The regiment lost three officers and twenty-two men wound ed, and four enlisted men killed. The next day the regiment moved to Cold Harbor, and was constantly under fire during the several days the army occupied that position. Lieut. Joseph M. Shephard was killed ; Captain S. G. Goodwin, Lieuts. Orange B. Otis and John Curtin wounded. On the night of the 12th of June the army withdrew from Cold Harbor, and moved for Petersburg, where It arrived on the afternoon of the 16th. On that night the Ninth Corps was ordered to attack at daylight next morning. Griffin s brigade was selected for this duty, supported by Curtin s brigade of the same division. General Potter commanding the division, entrusted the planning and execution of the attack to General Griffin. The troops were led under cover of darkness, to a ravine within a hundred yards of the enemy s works, and there formed for attack. So near was the position to the rebels that all orders had to be given in whispers. The leading regiments were ordered to observe the strictest silence, and to advance without firing a shot, carrying the works at the point of the bayonet. As day began to dawn the order was given to advance. The men moved quickly and noiselessly upon the rebel lines, took the enemy completely by surprise, capturing or putting to flight the whole force, and sweeping their line for a mile in extent. By this movement nearly one thousand prisoners fell into the hands of the Union troops, besides four pieces of artil- 332 THE GREAT REBELLION. leiy, caissons and horses, more than a thousand stand of small arms, and a quantity of ammunition. A wide breach was made in the enemy s lines* and there was nothing to prevent an advance into the city, had sup ports come up in time. But the other corps did not advance, and when the First and Third Divisions at tacked, at three o clock in the afternoon, the enemy was prepared to meet them, and they were repulsed with immense slaughter. On the 18th the enemy was driven hack to his inner line of fortifications, and the army took up that line from the Appomattox, running south, which it fortified with much labor and skill, and occupied with some slight changes during the succeeding ten months, ex tending it at different times to the south and west, until it nearly encompassed the city. The Ninth Corps occupied this part of the line until the 20th of August, and during the whole of that time the picket firing was incessant, both day and night. It was one continual engagement, and the troops were constantly under fire for nine weeks alternately laboring on the intrench- ments, or watching the enemy with musket in hand, and firing whenever there was a head to be seen in the opposing line. The loss, in consequence, was very heavy, amounting to two officers and sixteen men killed, and six officers and one hundred and two men wounded. So arduous was the duty from the 5th of May to the 20th of August, that both officers and men were so completely exhausted and worn out, from constant hardship, watching and exertion, that they could lie down and sleep soundly under the booming of cannon, the rattle of musketry and the whistle of bullets. While lying in this position, on the 15th of July, Lieut. Colonel Bixby received a wound in the shoulder, which disabled him for three months. During this time the command devoted upon Capt. Robert L. Ela. SIXTH REGIMENT. 333 The "Mine" in front of Petersburg was excavated by the Second Division of the Ninth Corps, the labor being performed principally by the Forty-eighth Penn sylvania. The place of the Sixth Regiment in the line of intrenchments was directly in front of and covering the mouth of the mine. On the night of the 29th of July, every thing being in readiness, the troops were put in position for the assault, and just after daylight on the morning of the 30th, the mine was sprung. The assault was led by the First Division, General Ledlie, which failed to do the work assigned to it. The Second Division, and particularly the brigade to which the Sixth belonged, did every thing that could be done; pushing on in advance of all other troops, and driving the rebels before them by hand to hand fighting. But the first hour being lost by the halting of Ledlie s division in the " crater," thus blocking the way and giving the enemy time to collect their force and con centrate their fire, it was too late to retrieve the day, despite the most strenuous exertions. The troops were withdrawn in the afternoon of the same day, by order of General Grant. In this disastrous affair the Sixth Regiment bore a brave and conspicuous part, losing Capt. Crossfield and Lieut. Upton, killed, and Captains Ela and Greenleaf, Adjutant Smith and Lieut. Hans- comb, wounded. The entire loss of the regiment was fifty-two killed and wounded. Among those conspicuous for gallantry on this occa sion was Sergeant Major Abraham Cohn, who was wounded, and who afterward received one of the medals of honor authorized by Congress to be given to merito rious soldiers. The medal was awarded by the Secretary of War, on recommendation of the brigade, division and corps commanders, approved by General Meade, and transcribed by Adjutant General Townsend, with quite a flattering letter accompanying. The medal bears the 334 THE GREAT REBELLION. following inscription : " The Congress, to Sergeant Major Abraham Cohn, Sixth New Hampshire Yet. Vols." On the 20th of August the iTinth Corps was engaged in the battle of the Weldon Railroad, aiding in repulsing a furious attack .of the enemy on the Fifth Corps. The Sixth Regiment sustained itself handsome ly, losing one man killed and several wounded. On the 30th of September the battle of Poplar Spring Church took place, in which the Ninth Corps partici pated. The Sixth Regiment was in the thickest of the fight, and lost in killed, -wounded and missing, four officers and eighty-seven men. The field was held, and a new line of intrenchments was thrown up, in w r hich the regiment remained until December. On the 19th of October Capt. S. D. Quarles, who had been absent on account of severe wounds received on the 18th of May, returned to the regiment, and was immediately mustered as Major. The Ninth Corps returned to its original position in front of Petersburg, early in December, holding the right of the line of the army of the Potomac, next to the Appomattox river. Griffin s brigade occupied the left of the Corps, including Forts Sedgwick, "Hell," Davis, and Alexander Hayes, and batteries No. 24 and 25. The Sixth Regiment lay in rear of Fort Alexander Hayes, occupying this camp until the final assault on the 2d of April, 1865, which gave us Petersburg, and consequently Richmond. On the evening of the 1st of April orders were received to be prepared to unite in a general attack on the enemy s lines the next morn ing, at four o clock. At ten o clock the same evening, orders were received to attack the enemy s picket line at once, and the Sixth and other regiments of its brig ade marched out and attacked that night to the left of Fort Davis, capturing eight officers and two hundred and forty-one men, and carrying their picket line for SIXTH REGIMENT. 335 more than half a mile in extent. The troops were withdrawn, and transferred in the darkness to the Jerusalem plank road, and massed to the left of and near Fort Sedgwick. The ditches of the Union in trenched line were filled with water, as well as those of the enemy. Both these were to be passed, then the strong abattis of their main line was to be cut away or removed, their main ditches passed, their parapets scaled, and their works carried. The brigade was formed in column by regiments in line of battle, and the Sixth was near the head of the column. Just at daybreak, at a preconcerted signal, the column advanced to the charge. Nothing could exceed the coolness and intrepidity with which both officers and men, under a terrific fire of grape, canister and musketry, advanced to the assault. Capturing the rebel pickets as they passed, they dashed upon the enemy s main works, tearing away their abattis, sweeping over their parapets, and carrying all before them. Hundreds of prisoners were sent to the rear, and their complete line of works in front of Fort Sedgwick, with many pieces of artil lery, fell into our hands. The Sixth Regiment dashed upon a small fort, near Fort Mahone, planted its colors on the parapet, captured four pieces of artillery, and turned them upon the enemy. The rebels brought up re-enforcements, and made a furious counter charge, but the works were firmly held. During the night the enemy withdrew, and the next morning at -daybreak our forces entered the city without opposition. For gallant and highly meritorious conduct in this affair, Lieut. Colonel Bixby was brevetted Colonel, Major Quarles Lieut. Colonel, and Captain S. G. Goodwin Major. The regiment lost six men killed and twenty- five wounded. From Petersburg the Sixth Regiment marched with its corps in pursuit of Lee and his army, arriving at Burks- 336 THE GREAT REBELLION. ville on the $th of April. On the 20th, the rehel forces having been captured or dispersed, and the war being at an end, the regiment marched to City Point, and from there sailed for Alexandria, where it arrived on the 27th. On the 1st of June Lieut. Col. Bixby was promoted to Colonel, Major Quarles to Lieut. Colonel, and Captain Robert L. Ela to Major. On the 17th of July the regi ment was mustered out of the United States service, being the last remaining regiment of the Second Divis ion, Ninth Corps, of which Gen. Griffin was then in command. It has been said of it that " No regiment from the State and none in the army had won a prouder name, or made a more honorable record than the gallant old veter an Sixth. No regiment had seen more severe cam paigning, done more or better service, or been oftener under fire. Few regiments went through the war with so little internal dissension and so much harmony among officers. Few regiments endured the hardships of the service with so much fortitude and so little grumbling ; for they were men whose hearts were in the work of crushing out the rebellion. When, at various times, calls were made for the names of men to whom medals should be awarded for gallant conduct upon the field, few names were ever given, for the reason that so many had done well it was hard to designate a small number. Captains would report that almost every one of their men might be recommended, but it would be invidious to name a few." The Sixth Regiment was actively engaged in the fol lowing battles : Camden, North Carolina, April 19, 1862. Second Bull Run, Va., August 29, 1862. Chantilly, Va., September 1, 1862. South Mountain, Md., September 13, 1862. SIXTH REGIMENT. 337 Antietam, Md., September 17, 1862. Fredericks!) nrg, Va., December 13, 1862. Siege of Vicksburg, Mississippi, Jackson, Mississippi, Wilderness, Va., May 6, 1864. Spottsylvania Court House, Va., May 12 and 18, 1864. North Anna River, Ya., May 24, 1864. Ptolopotamy Creek, " May 31, 1864. Betliesda Church, " June 2, 1864. Cold Harbor, " June 3, 1864. Petersburg, " June 16, 17 and 18, 1864. Weldon Railroad, " July 30, 1864. Poplar Spring Church, " September 30, 1864. Hatcher s Run, " October 27, 1864. Petersburg, " April 2, 1865. In addition to these the regiment participated in a great number of reconnoissances and skirmishes, in which it lost no men. Many days during the campaign in the Wilderness, and for nine weeks before Petersburg, the regiment was constantly under fire and lost men almost every day, making a large aggregate. The Sixth was more often sent forward as skirmishers than any other regiment. It always did the skirmishing for its brigade, and often for its division. Company C almost always skirmished for the regiment. The regiment was particularly well drilled for this especial duty. While at Roanoke and Hatteras Islands the men were drilled and practiced every day for three months as sharp shooters, and they were considered the best shots in the Ninth Army Corps. The Sixth Regiment arrived at Concord on the 22d of July, 1865, where it was given a formal reception by the State authorities and citizens, and the men were imme diately paid off and discharged. 338 THE GREAT REBELLION. SEVENTH REGIMEOTT. On the 2cl of September, 1861, Joseph C. Abbott, of Manchester, late Adjutant General of the State, received authority directly from the War Department at Washington, to raise a regiment of infantry in New Hampshire, and uniform, arm, equip and make it ready for the field. At that time and very soon after, the State ordered the raising of four regiments of infantry, a battery, a company of sharpshooters, and a battalion of cavalry. The raising of the Seventh was regarded somewhat in the light of an individual enterprise, and was therefore surrounded by many difficulties and em barrassments, and its success was thought by some to be quite doubtful. The State authorities offered to men enlisting in this the same bounty, ten dollars, that they paid those entering other regiments, and in other ways gave to the undertaking such encouragement as they could without interfering with their own imme diate plans. The headquarters of the regiment were established at Manchester, and on the 2d of October General Abbott was commissioned Lieut. Colonel he waving his right to the position of Colonel only on con dition that it should be given to some graduate of West Point. There was an understanding between the State authorities and General Abbott, from the first, that such men should be commissioned as he should desig nate. He nominated First Lieut. II. S. Putnam, of the United States Topographical Engineers and a native of the State, as Colonel, and Daniel Smith, of Dover, as Major, and they were commissioned by the Governor. The requisite number of men were enlisted and the SEVENTH REGIMENT. organization and muster in of the regiment was com pleted on the 14th of December. The following were the field, staff and company officers of the regiment, and their official record, during the whole period of its service FIELD AND STAFF OFFICERS. COLONELS Haldimand S. Putnam, of Cornish. Killed at Fort Wagner, S. C., July 18, 1863. Joseph C. Abbott, of Manchester. Appointed Brigadier General U. S Vols. by brevet, for gallant services at the capture of Fort Fisher, N. C., to date from Jan. 15, 1865. Mustered out July 20, 1865. Lieut. Colonels Joseph C. Abbott, of Manchester. Promoted to Colonel July 22, 1863. Thomas A. Henderson, of Dover. KilleJl at Deep Run, Va., Aug. 16, 1864. Augustus W. Rollins, of Rollinsford. Wounded Oct. 7, 1864. Appointed Colonel U. S. Vols., by brevet, for gal lant and meritorious conduct at the storming of Fort Fisher, N. C., to date from March 13, 1865. Mustered out July 20, 1865. Majors Daniel Smith, of Dover. Died of disease Aug. 26, 1862. Thomas A. Henderson, of Dover. Promoted to Lieut. Colonel July 22, 1863. Augustus "W. Rollins, of Rollinsford. Promoted to Lieut. Colonel Sept. 30, 1864. Jeremiah S. Durgin, of Fisherville. Mustered out July 20, 1865. Adjutants Thomas A. Henderson, of Dover. Promoted to Major Aug. 26, 1862. Henry G. Webber, of Charlestown. Dismissed Nov. 12, 1864. John Greene, of Concord. Appointed Captain U. S. Vols. by brevet, for gallant and meritorious conduct at the storming of Fort Fisher, N. C., to date from March 13, 1865. Mustered out July 20, 1865. Quartermasters Andrew H. Young, of Dover. Promoted to Captain and A. Q. M., Nov. 25, 1862. George S. Hanson, of Dover. Mustered out July 20, 1865. Surgeons William W. Brown, of Manchester. Resigned July 22, 1864. 340 THE OREA T REBELLION. Sylvan us Bunton, of Manchester. Mustered out July 20, 1865. Ass t Surgeons Henry Boynton, of Wc*>dstoek, Vt Resigned Jan. 24, 1864. William II. Smart, jr., of Concord. Resigned Nov. 20, 1862. Moses S. Wilson, of Salisbury. Honorably discharged June 17, 1864. Sylvanus Bunton, of Manchester. Promoted to Surgeon Aug. 24, 1864. George T. Perry, of Manchester. Mustered out July 20, 1865. Chaplain Joseph C. Emerson, of Fisherville. Captured at Newmarket Roads, Va,, Sept 20, 1864. Returned Jan. 14, 1865. Mustered out July 20, 1865. Sergeant Majors George II. Elliott. Discharged for disability Nov. 1862. George F. McCabe, of Manchester. Promoted to Second Lieut. July 20, 1863. "William McLeod Moore. Re-enlisted Feb. 22, 1864. Discharged for disability July 2, 1864. Edwin D. Hand, of Rye. Promoted to Captain Jan. 1, 1865. Augustus L. Litchtield. Mustered out July 20, 1865. Quartermaster Sergeants George S. Hanson, of Dover. Promoted to Quartermaster Nov. 26, 1862, Darius Merrill, of Manchester. Mustered out Dec. 22, 1864. James A. Hills. Mustered out July 20, 1865. Commissary Sergeants Henry G. Lowell. Re- enlisted F*eb. 28, 1864. Promoted to Second Lieut, to date from Feb. 6, 1864. James M. Seavey, of Dover. Promoted to First Lieut May 1, 1865. Thomas Bush. Mustered out July 20, 1865. Hospital Stewards "William G. Brown. Mustered out Dec. 22, 1864. Henry S. Bunton, of Manchester. Mustered out July 20, 1865. Principal Musicians Hiram S. Clitfbrd. Reduced to ranks and assigned to Co. C. SEVENTH REGIMENT. 341 Avery Bixby. Re-enlisted Feb. 27, 1864. Mustered oat July 20, 1865. Horace P. Buel. Mustered out Dec. 22, 1864. Patrick McKenna. Mustered out July 20, 1865. COMPANY OFFICERS. Co. A. Captains Jona, F. Cotton, of Strafford. Resigned Feb. 8, 1804. Charles Hooper, of Sornersworth. Wounded May 16, 1864. Musterei out Dec. 22, 1864. Charles P. Dermison. Mustered out July 20, 1 860. First Lieuts. Granville P. Mason, of Manchester. Promoted to Captain NOT. 1, 1862. Charles Hooper, of Somersworth. Promoted to Captain Feb. 6, 1864. Paul Whipple, of New Boston. Promoted to Captain Dec. 12, 1864. Charles P. Den ni son. Promoted to Captain Dec. 22, 1864. James M. Seavev, of Dover. Mustered out July 20, 1865. Second Lieuts. Virgil H. Cate, of Manchester. Promoted to First Lieut. July 23, 1862. Calvin Shedd, of Enfield. Resigned Dec. 31, 1863. Mansel Otis, of Claremont. Mustered out Dec. 22, 1864. Co. B. Captains Orlando Lawrence, of Nashua. Dismissed Oct. 28, 1862. Granville P. Mason, of Manchester. Mustered out Oct. 31, 1864. Charles A. Lawrence, of Nashua. Transferred to Co. G. Edwin D. Rand, of Rye. " Mustered out July 20, 1865. First Lieuts. David B. Currier, of Danville. Resigned April 28, 1862. Ezra Davis, of Nashua. Wounded July 18, 1863. Died of wounds Aug. 6, 1863. 342 THE GREAT REBELLION. George "W. Taylor, of Salem. Killed at Olustee, Fla., Feb. 20, 1864. Heber J. Davis, of Hancock. Wounded severely May 14, 1864. Wounded severely Oct. 27, 1864. Honorably discharged on account of wounds, March 27, 1865. Second Lieuts. Ezra Davis, of Nashua. Promoted to First Lieut. April 29, 1862. George W. Taylor, of Salem. Wounded at Fort Wagner, S. C., July 18, 1863. Promoted to First Lieut. Aug. 7, 1863. James A. Cobb, of Nashua. Mustered out Dec. 22, 1864. Co. C. Captains Jesse E. George, of Plaistow. Promoted to First Lieut, April 28, 1862. Jerome B. House, of Lebanon. Wounded July 18, 1863. Died of wounds Oct. 25. 1863. William C. Knowlton, of Manchester. Cashiered Jan. 1,1864. Joseph E. Clifford, of London. Wounded severely Feb. 20, 1864. Honorably discharged Oct. 29, 1864. George F. McCabe, of Manchester. Mustered out July 20, 1865. First Lieuts. Jerome B. House, of Lebanon. Promoted to Captain April 29, 1862. Samuel Williams, of Enfield. Resigned July 23, 1862. Virgil H. Gate, of Manchester. Captured Jan. 9, 1863. Exchanged June 12, 1863. Killed at Fort Wag ner, S. C., July 18,1863. William F. Spaulding, of Hollis. Mustered out Dec. 22, 1864. Clement F. S. Ames, of Manchester. Mustered out July 20, 1865. Second Lieuts. Samuel Williams, of Enlield. Promoted to First Lieut. April 29, 1862. Andrew J. Lane. Killed at Fort Wagner, S. C., July 18, 1863. George F. McCabe, of Manchester. Promoted to Captain Nov. 30, 1864. Co. D. Captains James M. Chase, of Hopkinton. Wounded slightly Feb. 20, 1864. Mustered out Dec. 22, 1864. Grovenor A. Curtice, of Hopkinton. Mustered out July 20, 1865. First Lieuts. Wm. C. Knowlton, of Manchester. Promoted to Captain Oct. 26, 1863. SEVENTH REGIMENT. 343 Ferdinand Davis, of Lebanon. Wounded severely Feb. 20, 1864. Mustered out Dec. 22. 1864. Frank Robie, of Manchester. Transferred from Co. G. Mustered out July 20, 1865. Second Lieuts. Chas. Hooper, of Somersworth. Promoted to First Lieut. Nov. 1, 1862. Alfred X. Bennett, of Nashua. Killed at Fort Wagner, S. C., July 18, 1863. Charles A. Lawrence, of Nashua. Wounded June 18, 1864. Wounded Sept, 15, 1864. -Promoted to Captain Nov. 2, 1864 Co. E. Captains Jeremiah S. Durgin, of Fisherville. Promoted to Major Sept. 30, 1864. John A. Coburn, of Hollis. Mustered out July 20, 1865. First Lieuts. Timothy Dow, of Concord. Resigned Aug. 22, 1863. Robert Burt, of Concord. Wounded severely Feb. 20, 1864. Mustered out Dec. 22, 1864. Charles B. Wallace, of Concord. Mustered out July 20, 1865. Second Lieuts. Henry A. Baker, of Boscawen. Killed at Fort Wagner, S. C., July 18, 1863. True "W. Arlin, of Canterbury. Wounded severely Feb. 20, 1864. Died of wounds March 23, 1864. Co. F. Captains Augustus W. Rollins, of Rollinsford. Promoted to Major July 23, 1863. Charles Cain, of Manchester. Mustered out Dec. 22, 1864. First Lieuts. Oliver M. Clark, of Dover. Resigned Aug. 22, 1863. Francis White, of Antrim. Honorably discharged Dec. 29, 1864. John A. Rand, of Rye. Mustered out July 20, 1865. Second Lieuts. F. Gr. "Wentworth, of Rollinsford. Resigned June 3, 1863. George Roberts, of Dover. Wounded and captured Feb. 20, 1864. Released. Promoted to Captain Dec. 22, 1864. Co. G. Captains Henry B. Leavitt, of Pittsfield. Wounded and captured July 18, 1863. Died of wounds at Charleston, S. C., July 21, 1863. 344 THE GREAT REBELLION. Penuel C. Ham, of New Durham. Mustered out Dec. 22, 1864. Charles A. Lawrence, of Nashua. Transferred to Co. B. Mustered out July 20, 1865. First Lieuts. Penuel C. Hani, of New Durham. Promoted to Captain July 22, 1868. Joseph E. Clifford, of Loudon. Promoted to Captain Jan. 1, 1864. William W. W. Walker. Promoted to Captain Oct. 28, 1864. Frank Robie, of Manchester. Transferred to Co. D. George W. Dicey, of Gilmanton. Mustered out July 20, 1865. Second Lieuts. Joseph E. Clifford, of Loudon. Promoted to First Lieut. July 23, 1863. Joseph A. Jacobs. Honorably discharged Sept. 24, 1864. Calvin Brown. Promoted to First Lieut. Dec. 13, 1864. Co. H. Captains Nathan M. Ames, of Hollis. Mustered out Dec. 22, 1864. First Lieuts. Alvah K Potter, of Concord. Resigned June 30, 1862. John H. Worcester, of Hollis. Wounded July 18, 1863. Died of wounds July 25, 1863. Charles H. Farley, of Hollis. Wounded severely Feb. 20, 1864. Died of wounds Feb. 24, 1864. John A. Coburn, of Hollis. Promoted to Captain Dec. 12, 1864. Calvin Brown, of Ossipee. Transferred to Co. I. Second Lieuts. John H. Worcester, of Hollis. Promoted to First Lieut. June 30, 1862. Charles H. Farley, of Hollis. Promoted to First Lieut. August 6, 1863. Francis Lovejoy, of Hollis. Honorably discharged April 28, 1864. Charles P. Dennison, of Lancaster. Promoted to First Lieut. Dec. 13, 1864. Co. I. Captains Joseph Freschl, of Manchester. Honorably discharged July 7, 1864. Paul Whipple, of New Boston. Transferred to Co. K, SEVENTH REGIMENT. 345 First Lieuts. Charles Craine, of Manchester. Promoted to Captain July 24, 1863. Hazen G. Dodge, of Merrimack. Mustered out Dec. 22, 1864. Calvin Brown, of Ossipee. Transferred from Co. H. Mustered out July 20, 1865. Second Lieuts. Perley B. Bryant, of Dover. Killed at Fort Wagner, S. C., July 18, 1863. Heber J. Davis, of Hancock. Promoted to First Lieut. Feb. 6, 1864. Henry G. Lowell. Mustered out July 20, 1865. Co. K. Captains "Warren E. F. Brown, of Manchester. Killed at Fort Wagner, S. C., July 18, 1863. Leander W. Fogg, of Dover. Mustered out Dec. 22, 1864. Paul Whipple, of New Boston. Transferred from Co. I. Mustered out July 20, 1865. First Lieuts. Leander W. Fogg, of New Boston. Promoted to Captain July 19, 1864. William A. Hill, of Deny. Wounded severely June 17, 1864. Mustered out Dec. 22, 1864. Second Lieuts. William A. Hill, of New Boston. Promoted to First Lieut. July 20, 1863. George M. Chase, of Cornish. Mustered out Dec. 22, 1864. Josiah H. Gage, of New Boston. Died of wounds. COLONEL HALDIMAND SUMNER PUTNAM. Colonel Putnam was born at Cornish, Sullivan County, New Hampshire, on the 15th of October, 1835. He was a son of Hon. John L. Putnam, of that town, who was for many years previous to 1855 Judge of Probate for Sullivan County, a good farmer and highly respected citizen. Young Putnam received a good public school and academic education, and when about sixteen years old, entered the Military Academy at West Point, from which institution he graduated with high honors in July, 1857. Soon after receiving his degree, he was 346 THE GREAT REBELLION. brevetted a Second Lieutenant in the Corps of Topo graphical Engineers, and at once entered the United States service, and was assigned to duty at different points on the Western frontier. His merits were soon known and appreciated, and for faithful services he was commissioned a Second Lieutenant in the Engineer Corps, and subsequently promoted to First Lieutenant. His education, ability, character and devotion to duty were such as to gain the respect of his superior officers and the confidence of the government. While on the Western frontier his marches were often arduons and his privations severe. On one journey from the western coast to the Utah country, in the winter, the troops of Lieut. Putnam s command suffered intensely from cold, and subsequently from hunger. They consumed their last ration the day before they reached the vicinity of Salt Lake City, where their necessities could be sup plied. In all times of hardship and privation young Putnam exhibited great cheerfulness, courage and deter mination to overcome every obstacle and danger which might gather in his pathway or interfere with the per formance of duty. Early in the year 1861, when the spirit of secession began to assume the hideous form and shape of treason to the government of the country, Lieut. Putnam was summoned to Washington, and entrusted with special messages of the greatest importance, to convey to Fort Pickens. He traveled by railroad through the seceded and disaffected States, accomplished his mission, and was returning to Washington, when he was arrested, at Montgomery, Alabama, by the military authorities, and there kept in prison several days. He was finally per mitted to resume his journey, and reported to the Sec retary of War. He was then assigned to an important and responsible position on General McDowell s staff, where he remained until relieved to accept the Colonel- SEVENTH REGIMENT. 347 cy of the Seventh Regiment, New Hampshire Volun teers. While on the staff of General McDowell Lieut. Putnam performed many arduous and important duties with a fidelity, faithfulness and skill which attracted the notice of his superiors in rank and evinced his great military ability. In the first battle of Bull Run he was in the thickest of the fight, showed great coolness and bravery, but came out unharmed. During the first few months of the war, when treason in the regular army was the rule rather than the excep tion, a patriotic and faithful young officer, with the edu cation and ability to command was appreciated, and his services were sorely needed to lead the troops from every New England state. Young Putnam had taken his position upon the side of the Union, and shown most emphatically that he hated treason and was willing, if need be, to seal his loyalty with his blood. Governor Berry offered him the command of the Seventh Regi ment, which responsibility he at first hesitated about accepting, feeling that he was too young for so importa ht a position, but on being further urged consented at last to the proposition, and was commissioned on the 15th of October, 1861. Soon after, with permission from the "War Department, Colonel Putnam joined his regiment, which had been raised by Lieut. Colonel Joseph C. Abbott, at Manchester, assumed command, and entered with zeal upon the discharge of his duties, which were by no means light or easy, and soon brought his command into a high state of discipline and drill. On the 14th of January, 1862, Colonel Putnam left New Hampshire with his regiment for the seat of war. After four weeks passed in barracks in New York City, the regiment was ordered to Tortugas Island, situated on one of the Florida Keys, and was at that time the prin cipal depot for the distribution of rations and munitions of war to the forts and military posts of the South. 348 THE GREAT REBELLION. Colonel Putnam immediately on his arrival there as sumed command of the post, the regiment being the only troops at that point, except a few* regulars. Here the regiment remained, stationed at Fort Jefferson, four months. Afterward the command was located at St. Augustine, Fla., Port Royal, S. C., and in the vicin ity of Charleston. The first important action in which the Seventh Regiment was engaged was the memorable assault upon Fort "Wagner. For several months preced ing this engagement Colonel Putnam had been an acting Brigadier General, and was fighting with that rank at the time* he was killed. His command consisted of his own and several regiments from the middle States. In the terrible assault upon Fort Wagner he displayed the most sublime courage and bravery, leading his command through a most deadly storm of shot and shell, encourag ing his men by his own gallant example, until he fell mortally wounded, close up to the enemy s works. In March, 1863, Colonel Putnam was commissioned a Captain in the United States Army. He was a strict disciplinarian, but always so dignified, candid and just in his relations and intercourse with his officers and men as -ip secure and retain their unbounded respect and warmest affections. In his death the army lost one of its bravest and ablest commanders, and his regiment a gallant, honored and beloved Colonel. He united with the highest military talent a spotless character and many endearing qualities of head and heart. He was among the dearest sacrifices made by the government to put down a wicked rebellion. BRIGADIER GENERAL JOSEPH C. ABBOTT. General Joseph C. Abbott is a son of Aaron Abbott, of Concord, Merrimack County, New Hampshire, and was born in that city on the 15th of July, 1825. He Ccl. 7 r N.HVels Brevet bria. Gen 1 ( >-~~ols SEVENTH REGIMENT. 349 attended the public schools of Concord, and subse quently fitted for college under a private instructor and at Phillips Academy, Andover, Mass. Instead of enter ing college, as he had designed, he read law with Hon. L. D. Stevens, the present Mayor of Concord, for a time, and afterward with Hon. David Cross, of Manchester, and Hon. As*a Fowler, of Concord. Having a very decided taste for literary pursuits, he was employed as editor of the Manchester American for six months from April, 1851, and for the following six months w^as editor of the New Hampshire Statesman, published at Concord. On the 1st of May, 1852, he removed to Manchester, where he continued his residence until after the close of the war, and became permanently connected with the Amer ican as its editor and proprietor until 1857, when he disposed of his interest in the paper and the printing establishment connected therewith. In May, 1859, General Abbott became one of the editors and proprie tors of the Boston Atlas and Bee, and so continued until May, 1861. He was chairman of the committee that reported the resolutions in the Whig Presidential State Convention of New Hampshire in 1852, and was a member of the Whig State Central Committee two years, the last of which he was chairman. In July, 1855, General Abbott was appointed by the Governor and Council, Adjutant General of the State, which office he held until July, 1861, when he resigned. For several years he was an active and useful member of the New Hampshire Historical Society, and always took a lively interest in whatever related to the welfare of the State. In 1857, while Adjutant General the State being without any effective military organi zation, and feeling that in time of peace we should prepare for war, he drafted an elaborate bill providing for a thorough organization of the volunteer militia of the State, and through his activity and influence secured 350 THE GREAT REBELLION. its enactment into a law, which is, with some slight modifications, the law of New Hampshire upon that H abject still. On the 2d day of September, 1861, General Abbott received authority from the War Department to raise a regiment of infantry in the State of New Hampshire. About that time the State authorities were organizing four regiments of infantry, a battery, a company of sharpshooters, and a battalion of cavalry, making a very heavy draft upon its available men. It was with some difficulty that General Abbott could get the Gov ernor and Council to extend to him such assistance as was absolutely necessary to secure the success of his undertaking, absorbed as they were in other matters more immediately pressing upon them. By his indom itable perseverance, however, he succeeded in securing the requisite number of men, and established the head quarters of his regiment, which had been numbered the Seventh, at Manchester. Determined as he was that his should be the model regiment from the State, he desired that it should be commanded by a man with a thorough military education, who had seen service in the field : hence he asked only for the Lieut. Colonel cy for himself, and nominated Lieut. Haldimand S. Putnam, a graduate of West Point, a native of Cornish, in this State, and who had been in a responsible position on the staff of General McDowell since the breaking out of the rebellion, to the Governor, for Colonel. Lieut. Putnam was accordingly commissioned, and Gen. Abbott was commissioned Lieut. Colonel. Early in 1863 Colonel Putnam was placed in command of a brigade, and Lieut. Colonel Abbott commanded the Seventh Regiment. At the assault on Fort Wagner, on the 18th of July, 1863, while leading his brigade, Colonel Putnam was killed. The Seventh Regiment was in his brigade, under command of the Lieut. Col- SE VENTH. REGIMENT. 351 onel, and suffered a loss of two hundred and twelve officers and men, killed, wounded and missing. On the 22d of July, soon after this disastrous engagement, Lieut. Colonel Abbott was promoted to Colonel of his regiment, and commanded it in most of its severe marches and bloody battles, until the summer of 1864, when he assumed command of a brigade ; after which lie was nearly all of the time, until the close of the war, acting Brigadier General. He commanded a brigade at the capture of Fort Fisher, North Carolina, and was " appointed Brigadier General United States Volun teers, by brevet, for gallant services " on that occasion, to date from January 15, 1865. General Abbott was mustered out of the United States service with his regi ment, returned to New Hampshire with it, and was dis charged in August, 1865. After the close of the war, General Abbott, in com pany with some other gentlemen, purchased valuable timber lands in North Carolina, and he removed to "Wilmington and engaged actively in the land and lum ber business. He was a member of the North Carolina Constitutional Convention, which assembled at Raleigh, in November, 1867, and took a leading part on commit tees and in debates, showing an intimate knowledge of the political affairs of the country and a deep interest in the action of his adopted State in the condition in which the war had left it. In April, 1868, he was elected to the Legislature, and in June, 1868, General Abbott was elected United States Senator from North Carolina, for the term ending March 4, 1871, in which capacity he is now serving the country. As a political and general newspaper writer General Abbott had few superiors in New England; as a politi cian he w r as active, careful and conservative; as Adjutant General of the State, when the war first broke out, he exhibited true patriotism, the utmost energy and perse- 352 THE GREAT REBELLION. verance in raising and putting into the field, in the best possible condition for efficient service, \he troops called for by the President; as a regimental and brigade com mander in the field he was always cool, prudent, careful of his troops, gallant and fearless of consequences to himself, and scrupulously faithful in the discharge of every duty. As a true friend and high toned gentle- man he had no superiors in New Hampshire. LIEUT. COLONEL THOMAS ALBERT HENDERSON. Lieut. Colonel Henderson was a son of Capt. Samuel H. Henderson, and was born at Dover, Strafford County, New Hampshire, December 1st, 1833. He completed the preparatory studies at Gil man ton Academy, and entered Bowdoin College in the fall of 1851, and gradu ated with distinction, at the head of his class in 1855. For the three succeeding years he was principal of Franklin Academy in Dover, where he was a popular and successful teacher. He read law in the office of Messrs. Woodman and Doe, of Dover, and finished his course at Harvard Law School in 1861, where he exhibit ed marked ability as a scholar and debater. He won the highest prize for a legal essay, and received the degree of LL. B. Soon after his graduation he was admitted to the Suffolk Bar of Massachusetts, with every prospect of success and eminence in his profession before him. But the country was in a war with rebels, and believing that every good citizen owed his first duty to his government he determined to enter the army. With this end in view he went to Norwich Vermont, where he remained several months, under military in struction and drill, and then in November, 1861, ac cepted the position of Adjutant of the Seventh Regi ment, New Hampshire Volunteers. Upon the death of Major Smith, in August, 1862, on SEVENTH REGIMENT. 353 the urgent recommendation of Colonel Putnam, Adju tant Henderson was commissioned Major. In the bloody assault upon Fort Wagner, on the 18th of July, 1863, Major Henderson acted as aid to Colonel Putnam, who was in command of a brigade, and was killed while leading a storming column, and in consequence of whose death Lieut. Colonel Abbott was promoted to Colonel, and Major Henderson to Lieut Colonel, on the 22d of the same month. He subsequently served on the staff of General Seymour, and was Provost Marshal of Florida during the campaign which resulted in the dis astrous battle of Olustee. In the spring of 1864, the Seventh Regiment was transferred to Virginia, and Lieut. Colonel Henderson led his command in the battle of Drury s Bluff, where his skill and gallantry elicited the highest commendations from the commanding Gen eral. He also commanded his regiment in the engage ment at Deep Bottom, near Richmond, on the 16th of August, 1864, and received a mortal wound in the hip, which severed the principal artery, from which, despite all that surgical skill and attention could do, he died in a few hours. His body was embalmed and sent home in charge of Chaplain Emerson, and was buried on the 2d of September, in Pine Hill Cemetery, in the City of Dover, amid the mourning of a large circle of relatives and friends. Thus perished, while in the faithful dis charge of duty another brave and talented officer and pure and earnest patriot. Lieut. Colonel Henderson was a man of very superior ability and fine attainments; of inflexible morality, and stainless purity of life. In the army he discharged every duty with fidelity and patriotic devotion, which with his uniform cheerfulness and kindness made him a favorite with all, of whatever rank or degree. In his death, glorious though it was, the city of his birth, the State, his regiment and the nation met with a sad loss. 354 THE GREAT REBELLION. MAJOR DANIEL SMITH. Major Daniel Smith was a son of "Winthrop Smith, Esq., of Durham, Straftbrd County, New Hampshire. He was horn at that place on the 27th of January, 1823. After attendance at the public schools of his native town he attended the academies at Greenland and Pittsfield several terms. In early life he adopted the husiness of a land surveyor, and was eminently success ful in it. In 1850 he was commissioned Lieutenant Colonel of the Twenty-fifth Regiment New Hampshire Militia, and filled many positions of honor and trust in his native town. In 1854 he removed to Dover, and from 1855 to 1860, he was a Deputy Sheriff for Strafford County, City Marshal three years, and Representative from that city in the popular hranch of the New Hamp shire Legislature in 1860 and 1861. For his character as a man and many desirahle qualities for the position he was appointed and commissioned Major of the Seventh Regiment on the 15th of October, 1861. He went with his regiment to New York City, thence to Tortugas Islands, where he served ahly and acceptably as Provost Marshal, until the regiment moved to Flori da, and thence to Beaufort, South Carolina, where he was seized with fever, when he came home in a very feeble state, and died on the 26th of August, 1862, leaving a widow and four children. As a citizen, Major Smith was highly respected, and discharged all official and public duties with intelligence and fidelity. While in the army his promptness, valor, kindness to the men and uniform cheerfulness won for him the confidence, respect and affection of his fellow officers and soldiers. The Seventh Regiment left Manchester on cars on the morning of the 14th of January, 1862. The Governor SEVENTH REGIMENT. 355 and Council were present to bid them farewell, and Governor Berry made a short address to which the officers and men responded with three hearty cheers for New Hampshire and her Governor. On arrival at Xew York, the morning after its departure from Manchester, the regiment was ordered into quarters at White Street Barracks, where it passed a month of compar ative inactivity, relieved only by an occasional dress parade or drill in one of the city squares. On the 13th of February orders were received to embark for the Dry Tortugas. Six companies, under command of Col. Putnam, embarked on the ship S. R. Mallory, and the remaining four companies, under Lieut. Colonel Abbott, on the barque Tycoon, and both sailed the same day. The latter vessel reached Tortugas after sixteen, and the former after twenty-one days sail. The yellow fever broke out on the Tycoon, and two men of the Seventh Regiment fell victims to the disease before reaching their destination. Tortugas is situated on one of the Florida Keys, and at that time was the principal depot for the distri bution of rations and munition of war to the forts, and military posts of the South. Colonel Putnam assumed command of the post, his regiment being the only troops at that point except a few regulars. The Seventh was stationed at Fort Jefferson, a well built fortification, nearly covering one of the small keys which rise above the coral reefs east of the Florida coast. Good quarters were arranged and other prepara tions made for the comfort of officers and men. Here the duty consisted mainly of garrison and fatigue duty, and drill, both as infantr} 7 - and heavy artillery, in which the men made good proficiency. On the 16th of June the regiment again embarked, and sailed for Port Royal, South Carolina, where it arrived on the 22d, and was ordered into camp at Beau- THE GREAT REBELLION. fort, where it remained, doing picket and guard duty, until the 15th of September, when it was ordered to St. Augustine, Florida, on light duty, that the men might recruit two hundred having been lost to the regiment since leaving Manchester, by death and discharge, on account of disease produced by change of habits and climate and the long confinement in bad barracks in New York, and on ship board. Major Smith was among those who died while the regiment was at Beaufort. "While at St. Augustine the entire government of the town fell to the lot of the officers of the camp. The regiment remained there, except that detachments were occasionally sent on fruitless expeditions, until the 10th of May, 1863, when it was ordered to Fernandina, to relieve the Seventh Connecticut. After a month passed at that place, the regiment was ordered to Hilton Head, preparatory to an attempt to take Charleston. On the 1st of June, 1863, the regiment had received about a hundred recruits since entering the service, notwith standing which only five hundred and thirty-three men reported for duty. The whole number borne upon the rolls, at that date, out of an aggregate, including re cruits, of over eleven hundred, was seven hundred and twenty-nine officers and men, making a loss of nearly four hundred, without having been under fire. On the 18th of June, the regiment left behind all superfluous baggage and camp equipage, and sailed from Hilton Head to Folly Island, the same night entered Stono Inlet in a heavy sea, by the aid of scows, effected a landing about midnight, marched nearly to the northern end of the island, and went into camp in the range of the enemy s guns. From this time until the 10th of July the Seventh was constantly at work on the batteries which afterward covered the landing of Strong s forces, and carried consternation into the city of Charleston. SEVENTH REGIMENT. 357 ASSAULT ON FORT WAGNER. On the morning of the 10th of July at daylight, the Union batteries erected on the northern point of Folly Island, opened upon the enemy s works on Morris Island, and soon, Strong s column having secured a landing, the remaining troops passed over. The Seventh l!s"ew Hampshire passed over in the second column, and was at once moved to the northern part of Morris Island, relieved the force already there, threw out pickets, and when darkness came, threw up slight earth works. The first unsuccessful assault on Fort Wagner took place on the morning of the llth, and that evening moving up still nearer to the work, the Seventh com menced what was afterward the second parallel in that siege. On the 18th of July the second assault on Fort Wagner was made. Colonel Putnam had been assigned to the command of the Second Brigade of Seymour s Division, and the command of his regiment devolved upon Lieut. Colonel Abbott. After a furious bombard ment, which lasted during the entire day, Strong s brigade, just at twilight, advanced upon the works. It staggered back, leaving a few on and near the parapets ; Putnam s brigade, in which was the Seventh ^Tew Hampshire, followed close upon Strong s, in the face of a most deadly fire. The attempt to take the work was, in less, than an hour, seen to be a failure, and such officers and men as had gained the works were with drawn. In this attack Colonel Putnam, Capt. Brown, and Lieutenants Baker, Cate, Bennett and Bryant were killed. Capt. Leavitt was so severely wounded that he died within three days. Capt. House died the following October, Lieuts. Davis and Worcester died in a few days after the assault, while Lieuts. Ham and Taylor, both severely wounded, recovered and returned to duty. 358 THE GREAT REBELLION. The loss to the regiment in this action was two hundred and twelve, killed, wounded and missfng. The regi ment remained on Morris Island, on duty in the trenches, on picket and on fatigue, five months, during which the weather was intensely warm. On the 20th of December the regiment left Morris Island, and the next day landed at St. Helena and reported to Colonel Joseph R. Hawley, into whose brigade it was incorporated. Here it remained until the 4th of February, 1864, during which time it received an accession of more than three hundred recruits. On the above date the regiment, with six hundred men for duty, embarked in the expedition of Gen. Seymour to Florida, landing at Jacksonville on the 8th. It then marched with the whole force, to Sanderson, a small station about fifty miles from Jacksonville. On the 12th the Seventh Regiment marched toward Lake City, to support a mounted regiment which had been previously sent out in that direction, and which was understood to be closely pressed by the enemy. After advancing about ten miles they fell in with the cavalry scouts of the enemy, who retired after a light skirmish. After completing the purposes for which it was sent out the regiment returned to Sanderson, the same night. The next day the whole force fell back to a place called Bar ber s Plantation, where it remained until the 20th, when the whole of Seymour s force moved again toward Lake City. After marching about fourteen miles the enemy s skirmishers were met, and in two miles further they were found in force near Olustee. A fierce battle en sued, closing only with the approaching night, and in the defeat of the Union troops. The Seventh New Hampshire was in the advance, and was led within two hundred yards of the enemy s line, by flank and left in front. At that point they were brought into column and massed. The deployment had not commenced SEVENTH REGIMENT. 359 before the enemy opened a very severe fire of artillery and musketry. The column faltered, and at last broke in a good deal of confusion. They were rallied again, however, and during the remainder of the battle did good service. The loss of the regiment in this engage ment was in the aggregate two hundred and nine killed, wounded and missing. After the disastrous termination of the battle of Olustee, the whole force retreated to Jacksonville, where the Seventh remained until the 14th of April, almost constantly on duty, when it embarked for Gloucester Point, Ya., which place it reached seven days afterward, disembarked and became a part of the army of the James, under Gen. Butler. It again embarked and landed at Bermuda Hundred on the 6th of May, and at once advanced into the country. A halt was made about seven miles from Bermuda Landing, at a place known as Ware Bottom Church, and subsequently, as a part of the Tenth Army Corps, joined in the final advance on Richmond, which after long months of tenacious holding and heroic struggling, ended in the capture of that city and the downfall of the Rebellion. On the morning of the 9th of May the Tenth and Eighteenth Corps again advanced, reaching the Peters burg and Richmond railroad, .cutting it, and passing the northern fortifications of Petersburg. The regiment bivouacked for the night on the railroad, but in the morning the enemy pressed down from Drury s Bluff, and the brigade in which was the Seventh New Hamp shire, was moved forward to repel them. On account of the sudden illness of Colonel Hawley, commanding the brigade, that command devolved upon Colonel Abbott of the Seventh, leaving Lieut. Colonel Hender son in command of the regiment. Colonel Abbott sent the Seventh to the extreme left of the line upon a small elevation, with instructions to hold it as long as possible. 360 THE GREAT REBELLION. Very soon a brigade of the enemy advanced and attempt ed to charge, but were met by a fire so^steady and rapid that it recoiled again. Three times . it attempted to charge, and each time was driven back, and the regi ment held undisputed possession of the ground until it was withdrawn with the rest of the brigade. For its conduct on that day the regiment was complimented upon the field by General Terry, commanding the division, and especial credit was awarded to Lieut. Colonel Henderson for his coolness and determination. At the close of this action the regiment returned to camp near Ware Bottom Church. On the 12th the advance was made upon Drury s Bluff. The next day the Seventh supported the Third New Hampshire in the bloody assault made by them on the right of the enemy s w r orks, and afterward skir mished beyond the works up to other batteries. On the next day it advanced on the main works of the enemy, investing them, and was heavily engaged all day. The next day was Sunday, and the troops were allowed to rest. On Monday they again advanced until the whole line retired, when halting from time to time to repel attacks of the enemy, it fell back upon its camp at Ber muda Hundred. From this time until the 9th of June, the regiment was on constant and severe duty, on what was then the disturbed and threatened front at Bermuda Hundred, and nearly every day under fire. On that day the regi ment marched across the Appomattox, thence toward Petersburg, being a part of the force commanded by Major General Gillmore on that day. The skirmishing was light, though the artillery fire of the enemy was considerable ; but the attempt to assault the works being abandoned, the regiment returned to camp at Ber muda Hundred, that night. SEVENTH REGIMENT. 361 On the 16th of June, the Seventh under command of Lieut. Colonel Henderson, was engaged in a very spirit ed fight in front of Bermuda Hundred, in which less than two brigades held in check nearly all day the main column of the enemy in its transit from the north to the south of the James. From this date followed picket and fatigue duty until August 15th, when the Seventh was in that force which crossed to Deep Bottom, first pressed upon "New Market Heights, and afterward assaulted and carried a part of the enemy s works at Deep Run. The Seventh was in this assault, and was one of the last to retire from the field, which had been nearly won. Here Lieut. Colonel Henderson fell mor tally wounded an officer of the rarest qualities, admired and loved while living, and deeply mourned while dead. On the 21st the regiment again reached camp, and rested until the 24th, when it was moved across the Appomattox, into the intrenchments before Petersburg. There it remained until September 28th, in severe duty and under almost constant fire, when it was again a part of the column which advanced north of the James. On the 29th of September, the advance was made upon New Market Heights, which were carried, and the troops con tinued to advance, first to Laurel Hill, then up the Darby town Road, to within three miles of Richmond, thence Terry s division retiring, rested within intrench ments at Laurel Hill. On the 1st of October, Terry s division again advanc ed toward Richmond on the Darbytown Road, and the Seventh, which had been under command of Lieut. Colonel Rollins for several days, Colonel Abbott being again in command of the brigade, occupied the left of the line of skirmishers, which advanced within two miles of the rebel capital, under a severe fire of artillery, and was one of the five regiments which had at that time, and for some months afterward, advanced nearest 362 THE GREAT REBELLION. to Richmond. Returning again that night, the regiment rested until the 7th, when the enemy attacked furiously General Berney s right at Laurel Hill. In that attack the Seventh Regiment was in line, with no intrench- ments before them, and with the rest of the Second brigade of Terry s division, withstood nearly the whole of the heavy onset of the rebel division under General Field, driving them back, after a severe fight, with heavy loss. The regiment rested until the 18th, when it was again engaged in the reconnoissance on the Darbytown Road, lasting during a day of sharp fighting. On the 27th it was in another reconnoissance on the Darbytown Road, lasting until night of the 28th, the fighting being almost entirely on the skirmish line, when it returned to camp. The Seventh New Hampshire was one of the regi ments selected for the expedition to New York City, on the occasion of the Presidential election. On the 3d of November it broke camp, marched to Deep Bottom, and took transports for Fortress Monroe, where it arrived on the evening of the 4th. The whole force took transports and arrived at New York on the 7th, and the Seventh disembarked at Fort Richmond. On the morning of the 8th they were taken to the city, lying on board the army transport, in East River, near Fulton Ferry, three days, prepared for any emergency which might arise to require their services. But they were not called upon, and on the llth the Seventh returned to Fort Richmond, and on the 14th re-em barked, and returned to their old camp ground,, near Laurel Hill, on the 17th, where the men at once com menced erecting winter quarters. In December one hundred and ninety-five men, having served their full term of enlistment, were mustered out, and one hundred and eleven recruits were received. These were most of SE VENTH REGIMENT. 363 them substitutes, who had enlisted for the high bounties then being paid, and thirty-five of them deserted during the winter. On the 4th of January, 1865, the Seventh Regiment marched to Bermuda Hundred, and there embarked on board transports and proceeded to Fortress Monroe, and there received sealed orders to be opened off Cape Henry. The orders directed that the fleet should ren dezvous twenty-five miles off Beaufort, !N". C., and it was then known that the expedition was a second trial against Fort Fisher. On the morning of the 12th of January the monitors and ironclads made their way southward, followed by the frigates and gunboats, and they by thirty transports. The next morning the con tinuous mounds of Fort Fisher appeared in view. The transports made the beach in a smooth sea, and General Terry s force disembarked. The movements of the troops have been given in the sketches of the Third and Fourth Regiments, and need not be repeated here. The brigade in which was the Seventh was not ordered up until five o clock in the afternoon. It did not enter the fort until dark, and was not brought fairly into action until ten o clock. At that hour, the regiment com manded by Lieut. Colonel Rollins, led the assault on the sea angle of the fort, and half an hour later planted its colors on the bastion of the surrendered work. While innumerable rockets from the fleet lighted up the sky to the eastward, cheer on cheer went up from the victo rious troops within the fort. The Seventh, with one other regiment, formed in line southward of the fort, and pressed on toward battery Buchanan, which, with about a thousand prisoners, soon surrendered, and the whole of the immense fortifications, which had been considered impregnable, fell into the possession of the Union army. After the conquest of Fort Fisher the Seventh was 364 THE GREAT REBELLION. occupied in strengthening the works in front of Wil mington, in making reconnoissances, an*d in picket duty, until the 19th of February, when the enemy commenced retiring and Terry to pursue. Reaching Wilmington on the 22d, the enemy, dispirited and disheartened, was still followed ten miles further, to a place called North east Ferry. The regiment, with the rest of its brigade, was then ordered back to Wilmington, and assigned to the garrison of that place. Early in June it was sent to Goldsborough, where it remained until ordered to be discharged. The Regiment was mustered out of the United States service on the 20th of July. At Manchester they were received by the citizens with many demonstrations of respect and given a warm wel come by a large concourse of people. At Concord an escort and refreshments awaited them, and Governor Smyth, on behalf of the State, addressed the regiment, thanking them for the good service they had performed and the honor they had won. Three hundred and twenty men and twenty-two officers returned. Of these less than one hundred were among those who left the State with the regiment in January, 1862. Of the orig inal field and staff only one remained. The first colonel and the second lieutenant colonel had fallen in battle. EIGHTH REGIMENT. 365 EIGHTH REGIMENT. The Eighth Regiment Tew Hampshire Volunteer Infantry was raised simultaneously with the Sixth and Seventh, and the men who enlisted to make up its quota were paid the same bounty, ten dollars, by the State as those in the five preceding ones had been paid. The rendezvous was established at Manchester. Hawkes Fearing, jr., was commissioned Colonel of this regiment on the 24th of September, 1861. The companies went into camp as fast as they were filled up, on the Fair Ground north of the City. The encampment was named " Camp Currier," in compliment to Hon. Moody Currier, of Manchester, one of the members of the Governor s Council, who had in various ways, officially and individually, shown his patriotism in aiding and encouraging enlistments for the war. The organization was completed and the regiment mustered into the United States service on the 23d of December, 1861. The following is a list of the field, staff and company officers of this regiment, while in the service, and the oificial record of each : FIELD AND STAFF OFFICERS. COLONEL Hawkes Fearing, jr., of Manchester. Mustered out Jan. 18, 1865. Lieut. Colonels Oliver W. Lull, of Milford. Killed at Fort Hudson May 27, 1863. George A. Flanders, of Sanbornton. Mustered out Jan. 18, 1865. Majors Morrill B. Smith, of Concord. Resigned July 15, 1863. Thomas Connolly, of Manchester. Mustered out Jan. 18, 1865 366 THE GREAT REBELLION. John K. Stokes, of Concord. Honorably discharged May 25, 1864. Adjutants Orrin M. Head, of Exeter. Honorably discharged March 19, 1864. Thomas C. Prescott, of Stratford. Promoted to Captain May 25, 1864. James II. Marshall, of Nashua. Transferred to Company C, Vet. Bat., 8th N. H. V., Jan. 2, 1865. Quartermasters Charles A. Putney, of Manchester. Resigned August 20, 1862. Charles A. Bo wen, of Concord. Transferred to Company B, Vet. Bat., 8th N. H. V., Jan. 2, 1865. Commissary Tyler M. Shattuck. Mustered out Sept. 15, 1864. Surgeons Samuel G. Dearborn, of Milford. Resigned August 12, 1862. Andrew J Thompson, of Laconia. Resigned May 20, 1863 Ellery C. Clarke, of Hollis. Honorably discharged Aug. 29, 1864. Andrew J. Thompson, of Laconia. Transferred to Veteran Battalion, 8th N. H. V., Jan. 2, 1865. Ass t Surgeons William B. Reynolds. Resigned Dec. 14, 1861. Ellery C. Clarke, of Hollis. Promoted to Surgeon June 5, 1863. Charles B. Moulton, of Hopkinton. Died at New Orleans, Aug. 24, 1864. Hosea H. Smith, of Meredith. Honorably discharged Aug. 7, 1863. David P. Stowell, of Brookline. Honorably discharged June 24, 1864. Chaplain Daniel P. Cilley, of Farmino-ton. Transferred to Veteran Battalion, 8th N. H. V., Jan. 1, 1865. Sergeant Majors Henry G. Ciishinir. Promoted to Second Lieut. Dec. 20, 1861. Luther T. Hosley, of Pepperell, Mass. Promoted to Second Lieut. Sept. 30, 1862. James M. Blanchard, of Milford. Discharged to accept pro. U. S. C. T. Sept. 2, 1863. James H. Marshall, of Nashua. Re-enlisted Jan. 4, 1864. Promoted to Adjutant Nov. 13, 1864. Spencer Lane, of Sanhornton. Mustered out Jan. 18, 1865. EIGHTH REGIMENT. 367 Quartermaster Sergeants William H. Morrill. Reduced to ranks and assigned to Co. H, Sept 26, 1863. Frank D. Woodbury, of Concord. Muscered out Jan. 18, 1865. Commissary Sergeants Ira A. Brown. Discharged for disability July 8, 1862. Tyler M. Shattuck, of Nashua. Re-enlisted Jan. 4, 1864. Promoted to Second Lieut. March 1, 1864. Edward W. Pillsbury, of Nashua. Re-enlisted Jan. 4, 1864. Mustered out Jan. 18, 1865. Hospital Stewards Benjamin F. Emmons. Promoted to First Lieut. 1st La. Cav. Aug. 9, 1863. Henry N. Chapman, of Washington. Re-enlisted Jan. 4, 1864. Mustered out Jan. 18, 1865. Principal Musicians William P. Munsey. Discharged at Carrollton, La. Dec. 3, 1862. Henry J. Durgin, of Laconia. Re-enlisted Jan. 4, 1864. Captured at Sabine Cross Roads, La., April 8, 1864. Released Oct. 23, 1864. Mustered out Jan. 18, 1865. Ezra D. Franklin, of Nashua. Reduced to ranks and assigned to Co. E, Dec. 18, 1862. James H. Marshall, of Nashua. Promoted to Sergeant Major Sept. 2, 1863. George II. Dunhar of Manchester. Re-enlisted Jan. 4, 1864. Mustered out Jan. 18, 1865. COMPANY OFFICERS. Co. A. Captains William M. Barrett, of Nashua. Discharged Oct. 24, 1863. Dana W. King, of Nashua. Transferred to Co. B, Veteran Battalion, 8th N. H. V., Jan. 2, 1865. First Lieuts. John Q. A. Warren, of Nashua. Promoted to Captain April 14, 1862. Dana W. King, of Nashua. Promoted to Captain Dec. 16, 1863. Second Lieuts Dana W. King, of Nashua. Promoted to First Lieut. April 14, 1862. James L. Hardy, of Amherst. Resigned Dec. 31, 1862. Nestor Haines, of Nashua. Resigned Sept. 2, 1868. Nelson H. Peterson, of Nashua. Transferred to Co. A, Veteran Battalion, 8th N. H. V., Jan. 2, 1865 TEE GREAT REBELLION. Co. B. Captains John Stanyan, of Milford. Resigned Oct 16, 1863 George S. Eayrs, of Nashua. Mustered out Jan. 18, 1865. First Lieuts. Charles II. Camp, of Milford. Resigned Aug. 6, 1863 Daniel B. Newell, of Concord. Mustered out Jan. 18, 1865. Second Lieuts. George S. Eayrs, of Nashua. Promoted to Captain Dec. 16, 1863. George S. Cobbs, of Exeter. Killed in action May 14, 1864. Co. C. Captains Thomas Connolly, of Manchester. Promoted to Major Dec. 16, 1863. William J. Gannon, of Manchester. Mustered out Jan. 18, 1865. First Lieuts. Cornelius Healy, jr., of Manchester. Promoted to Captain Oct. 28, 1862. William J. Gannon, of Manchester. Promoted to Captain, Dec. 16 1863. Lawrence Foley, of Manchester. Mustered out Jan. 18, 1865. Second Lieuts. Wm. J. Gannon, of Manchester. Promoted to First Lieut Oct. 28, 1862. William Jones, of Manchester. Honorably discharged Dec. 28, 1863. Lawrence Foley, of Manchester. Promoted to First Lieut. June 22, 1864. Co. D. Captains -Joseph J. Ladd, of Manchester. Dismissed June 22, 1868. Disability from dismissal removed, Nov. 26, 1864. First Lieuts. Wm. E. Hubbard, of Manchester. Dismissed Oct. 25, 1862. Henry G. Gushing, of Manchester. Resigned March 7, 1863. Irving G. Wilkins, of Nashua. Resigned Sept. 19, 1863. George E. Messer, of Greenfield. Honorably discharged Feb. 13, 1864. James Miles, of Manchester. Mustered out Jan. 18, 1865. Second Lieuts. H. G. Cushing, of Manchester. Promoted to First Lieut. Oct. 30, 1862 EIGHTH REGIMENT. 369 Irving G. Wilkins, of Nashua. Promoted to First Lieut March 8, 1863. George E. Messer, of Greenfield. Promoted to First Lieut. Dec. 16, 1863. Newell O. Carr, of Epping. Resigned May 26, 1864. James Miles, of Manchester. Promoted to First Lieut Sept 1, 1864. Newell 0. Carr, of Epping. Promoted to First Lieut April 1, 1864. Co. E. Captains Daniel M. Fisk, of Nashua. Resigned April 12, 1862. John Q. A. Warren, of Nashua. Killed at Georgia Landing, La., Oct 27, 1862. George F. Richardson, of Moulton borough. Resigned Feb. 14, 1863. Nathan H. Pierce, of Manchester. Resigned Feb. 25, 1864. James R. Newell, of Wolfe borough. Transferred to Co. C, Veteran Battalion, 8th N. H. V., Tan. 2, 1865. First Lieuts. Aloiizo W. Putney, of Nashua. "Resigned Dec. 4, 1862. Nathan H. Pierce, of Manchester. Promoted to Captain Feb. 15, 1863. George W. Thompson, of Nashua. Killed at Port Hudson, La., May 24, 1863. William B. Ernerson, of Nashua. Resigned Dec. 6, 1863. William H. Barnes, of Nashua. Mustered out Jan. 18, 1865. Second Lieuts. Nathan II. Pierce, of Manchester. Promoted to First Lieut Dec. 5, 1862. George W. Thompson, of Nashua. Promoted to First Lieut Feb. 15, 1863. William B. Ernerson, of Nashua. Promoted to First Lieut June 1, 1863. William H. Barnes, of Nashua. Promoted to First Lieut Dec. 16, 1863. James F. W. Fletcher, of Manchester. Transferred to Co. B, Veteran Battalion, 8th N. H. V., Jan. 2, 1865. Co. F. Captains George A. Flanders, of Sanbornton. Promoted to Lieut Colonel Dec. 16, 1863. Ezra B. Bell, of Laconia. Mustered out Jan. 18, 1865. 370 THE GREAT REBELLION. First Lieuts. Ezra B. Bell, of Laconia, Promoted U> Captain Dec. 16, 1863. Joseph Wallace, of San born ton. Killed at Port Hudson, La., June, 14, 1863. William A. Beckford, of Salem. Wounded May 17, 1864. Mustered out Jan. 18, 1865. Second Lieuts. Cyrus S. Burpee, of Manchester. Resigned Dec. 31, 1862. Joseph Wallace, of Sanbornton Promoted to First Lieut. Dec. 16, 1863. William A. Beckford, of Salem. Promoted to First Lieut. Dec. 16, 1863. Charles E. Howe, of Manchester. Mustered out Jan. 18, 1865. Co. G. Captains Henry II. Huse, of Barnstead. Honorably discharged Sept. 22, 1863. Lyman Locke, of Biirrington. Honorably discharged Sept. 29, 1864. John li. Prescott, of Stratford. Mustered out Jan. 18, 1865. First Lieuts. Jacob C. Main, of Rochester. Resigned March 3, 1863. Lyman Locke, of Barrington. Promoted to Captain Dec. 16, 1863. Thomas C. Prescott, of Stratford. Promoted to Adjutant April 1, 1864. John II. Prescott, of Stratford. Promoted to Captain Sept. 29, 1864. Elijah H. Blaisdell. Mustered out Jan. 18, 1865. Second Lieuts. Lyman Locke, of Barrinirton. Promoted to First Lieut. March 4, 1863. John F. Greenwood, of Barnstead. Killed April 13, 1863. Thomas C. Prescott, of Strafford. Promoted to First Lieut. Dec. 16, 1863. John H. Prescott, of Strafford. Promoted to First Lieut. April 1, 1864. John II. Marshall, of Xashmi. Promoted to Adjutant Sept. 1, 1864. Co. II. Captains Aaron G. Estabrook, of Concord. Resigned Sept. 29, 1862, Benjamin F. Wells, of Lisbon. Resigned Dec. 31, 1862. EIGHTH REGIMENT. 371 John K. Stokes, of Concord. Promoted to Major Jan. 1, 1864. Thomas C. Prescott, of Strafford. Mustered out Jan. 18, 1865. First Lieuts. Benjamin F. Wells, of Lisbon. Promoted to Captain Sept. 30, 1862. John K. Stokes, of Concord. T Promoted to Captain Jan. 3, 1863. Luther ^. Hosley, of Nashua. Wounded May 27, 1863. Killed at Port Hudson, La. June 14, 1863. James M. Langley, of Concord. Resigned Feb. 26, 1864. Edward K. Russ, of Lisbon. Honorably discharged Aug. 23, 1864. John C. French, of Concord. Mustered out Jan. 18, 1865. Second Lieuts. John Iv. Stokes, of Concord. -j- Promoted to First Lreut. Sept. 30, 1862. Luther ^. Hosley, of Nashua. Promoted to First Lieut. Jan. 3, 1863. James M. Langley, of Concord. Promoted to First Lieut. June 15, 1863. John C. French, of Concord. Promoted to First Lieut., Aug. 23, 1864. Co. I. Captains Elphonzo G. Colby, of Wolfeborough. Discharged May 5, 1863. James H. Landers, of Concord. Transferred to Co. A, Veteran Battalion, 8th N. H. V., Jan. 2, 1865. First Lieuts. G. F. Richardson, of Moultonboro . Promoted to Captain Oct. 28, 1862. James H. Landers, of Concord. Promoted to Captain May 6, 1863. James R. Newell, of Wolfeborough. Promoted to Captain June 22, 1864. George B. Johnson, of Farmington. Transferred to Co. A, Veteran Battalion, 8th N. H. V., Jan. 2, 1865. Second Lieuts. James H. Landers, of Concord. Promoted to First Lieut. Oct. 28, 1862. James R. Newell, of AVolfeborough. Promoted to First Lieut. ^May 6, 1863. George B. Johnson, of Farmington. Promoted to First Lieut. June 22, 1864. Co. K. Captains John Kelleher, of Manchester. Killed at LabadievUle, La., Oct. 27, 1862. 372 THE GREA T REBELLION. Cornelius Healey, Jr., of Manchester. Honorably discharged Nov. 3, 1864 First Lieuts. Robert Swiney, of Manchester. Committed suicide at Berwick City, La., April 9, 1863- Michael O Grady, of Manchester. Honorably discharged March 14, 1864. Frank H. Connor. Mustered out Jan. 18, 1865. Second Lieuts. Michael O Grady, of Manchester. Promoted to First Lieut. April iv, 1863. Patrick Doherty, of Nashua. Honorably discharged March 7, 1864. John Nolan. Transferred to Co. C, Veteran Battalion, *8th N. H. V., Jan. 2, 1865. When the war of the rebellion broke out, in April, 1861, Colonel Fearing was engaged in a considerable mercantile business at Manchester. Early in September, 1861, he was tendered the command of the Eighth New Hampshire Regiment Volunteer Infantry, which he accepted, and was commissioned by the Governor on the 24th of that month. He organized his regiment at Manchester, took it to the field, and remained with it, either in immediate command of the regiment or the brigade of which it formed a part, during the whole three years term of its enlistment, except when detailed for temporary duty elsewhere. For some time previous and at the assault on Port Hudson, on the 27th of May, 1863, Colonel Fearing was in command of the brigade, on which occasion he exhibited coolness and bravery, and handled his command, which made a most gallant charge, with much skill. Had his brigade been sup ported by other troops, Port Hudson would undoubtedly have fallen into the hands of the Union army at that time, instead of five or six weeks later. While the Eighth Regiment was at Natchez, Miss., during the fall EIGHTH REGIMENT. 373 and winter of 1864, Colonel Fearing was on duty as chief of staff at General Brayman s headquarters. The term of service of the regiment expired on the 23d of December, 1864, shortly after which the original mem bers, who had not re-enlisted, and a majority of the offi cers, under the command of Colonel Fearing, returned to New Hampshire and were discharged, Colonel Fear ing being mustered out on the 18th of January, 1865. He was an intelligent, active, faithful and popular officer, and enjoyed the respect and confidence of soldiers, and officers of every grade. After being discharged from the service Colonel Fearing returned to mercantile pursuits, and is interested in an establishment at Man chester, and another in Massachusetts. LIEUT. COLONEL OLIVER WOODBURY LULL. Lieut. Colonel Lull, of the Eighth Regiment New Hampshire Volunteers, was another in the long list of noble and brave men from the State who fell while gal lantly fighting to uphold the stars and stripes. He was born in "VVeare, Hillsborough County, New Hampshire, on the 14th of January, 1826. He attended the public schools of his native town, at intervals, until eighteen years of age, when in 1844, he removed to Manchester, entered the high school in that city, and passed through a thorough academic course of study. On account of limited means he was obliged to abandon his most fond hopes of a collegiate course. Soon after leaving the Manchester high school he engaged for a time in teaching at Framingham, Mass., and subsequently com menced reading law there, and completed the course in the office of Hon. David Cross, of Manchester. He was admitted to the bar of Hillsborough County, in May, 1851, and soon after removed to Milford, where he established himself in the practice of his profession, and 374 THE GREAT REBELLION. for his perseverance and industry was rewarded with a good business. Lieut. Colonel Lull had always had considerable taste for military duty, and manifested quite an interest in the Volunteer Militia of the State. He became a mem ber of the Governor s Horse Guards, soon after its organization, and in January, 1861, was elected one of its Lieutenants. When the war broke out he aided in various ways the enlistment of men for the different regiments, and finally on the 1st of October, 1861, was commissioned Lieutenant Colonel of the Eighth Regi ment, and at once entered upon the duty of recruiting and organizing that regiment, and went with it to the field. To speak particularly of his service while with that regiment, would be but a repetition of its history. He was always faithful to his duty and to his country, fearless of consequences to himself, cool and gallant in battle, and considerate of his men in field and camp, and commanded their highest respect. In the actions of Bisland, Georgia Landing, Labadieville and Opelousas, he displayed great courage and heroism. At the time of the terrible assault upon the fortifica tions of Port Hudson, on the 27th of May, 1863, Lieut. Colonel Lull was temporarily serving on the staff of General Emery, but Colonel Fearing being in charge of a brigade, he voluntarily returned and took command of his own men. The Eighth Regiment was among the forces at the head of the column when the advance was ordered, and with unequalled heroism the brave men charged directly upon the rebel forces. The conflict was desperate, but at length the enemy began to retreat with heavy loss. Lieut. Colonel Lull was constantly at the head of his command, and the fourth rebel line had just been passed, when in the act of cheering his men he fell pierced with a rebel rifle ball. The wound though very severe was not instantly fatal. He was EIGHTH REGIMENT. 375 immediately carried to the rear where after a few hours of intense suffering he expired. His body was carried to New Orleans and placed in a receiving tomb, and there remained until the following autumn, when it was brought home to Milford for burial. The funeral ser vices were held ^November 17th, in the church where the deceased was accustomed to worship, the building being filled to its utmost capacity with sorrowing kin dred and friends. A detachment of the Governor s Horse Guards was present and performed military hon ors. Hon. David Cross, of Manchester, made an address, relating many incidents in the life of the deceased. The remains were deposited in the village cemetary, and his grave will long be remembered and honored as that of a man who nobly sacrificed his life for his country. While in the service Lieut. Colonel Lull discharged many important and responsible duties. For a time he served upon the staff of General Weitzel, and after ward for several months on that of General Emery, in both of which positions he won the highest respect and confidence of his superior officers. Before leaving the State he was presented by his friends with a valuable horse and sword as testimonials of their regard. In a letter to his wife Lieut. Colonel Lull wrote : " I wish much to see you all, but I cannot leave my command. There is a great work before us, and I have no desire to "go from the field until it is accomplished. If my life is spared till the rebellion is overcome, how much happier you will be to think that in my humble way I was instrumental in restoring the country to peace and prosperity." * On the morning preceding his death, before the battle opened, he wrote in his diary : " In one hour we commence the storming of Port Hudson. Many of us will not see another day. If I shall be one of that number, I will have done my duty." 376 THE GREAT REBELLION. The Eighth Regiment left Camp Currier, Manchester, on the 24th of January, 1862, in the iflidst of a driving snow storm, for Fort Independence, Boston Harbor. They were hospitably received and entertained at Fan- euil Hall, Boston, by the authorities of the city, and arrived at Fort Independence the next day. The regi ment remained there three weeks, drilling and waiting transportation, when on the 15th of February six com panies, under command of Col. Fearing, embarked on the ship E. Wilder Farley, for Ship Island, Mississippi, the rendezvous of General Butler s expedition, and were followed a few days after by the four remaining com panies, under command of Lieut. Colonel Lull, on the ship Eliza and Ella. After a long and tedious voyage the Farley arrived at Ship Island on the 15th, and the Eliza and Ella on the 27th of March. Forts Jackson and St. Philip having fallen before the irresistible valor of the navy, under the gallant Farragut, it remained for the army to follow up and complete the victory, by the occupation of New Orleans. The large part of General Butler s force was conveyed from Ship Island up the Mississippi river ; the remain der were to approach the city by way of Lake Ponchar- train. The Eighth New Hampshire were of this latter force, and four companies of the regiment were the first to seize and occupy Forts Wood and Pike, by which the entrance to the Lake was defended -the rebels retreating precipitately on the approach of the expedition. The summer of 1862 was spent by the regiment at Camp Parapet, Louisiana, performing the usual routine of camp duty. The location was very malarious and unhealthy, from which the regiment suffered severely, its ranks being decimated by disease and death. In October the Eighth formed a part of General Weitzel s expedition to expel the rebels from the occupation of the EIGHTH REGIMENT 377 district of Lafourche one of the most productive and wealthy sections of Louisiana. The troops were con veyed up the Mississippi on steamers, and landed at Donaldsonville, at the head of Bayou Lafourche. From this Point the Union troops moved down the Bayou, the Eighth with a squadron of cavalry and two pieces of artillery, marching on the right bank of the stream, the remainder of the troops upon the left. With the exception of a night skirmish between the pickets of the Eighth and a scouting party of rebel cavalry, no opposition was met with, until a little beyond the village of Labadieville, the enemy were discovered in force under General Morton, advantageously posted on both sides of the Bayou, sheltered by a hedge and ditch. Companies E and F were deployed as skirmishers, to ascertain the position of the enemy. Soon the sharp crack of their rifles told that they had discovered them, and that the action had commenced. Almost at the first fire the gallant Captain Warren was killed the first man in the regiment to fall in action. General Weitzel threw reinforcements across the Bayou, and the line advanced upon the enemy, the Eighth in the van. A short but sharp conflict ensued, ending in a charge which scattered the rebels in confusion, many being killed and wounded, arid about three hundred taken prisoners, and one piece of artillery and a large number of small arms captured. Being in the advance, and the first to charge the enemy s batteries, the Eighth suffered more severely than all the other regiments engaged, losing sixteen killed and forty-six wounded among the former being the brave Captain Killiher, who fell at the head of his men in the charge. No further opposition was encountered, the enemy having evacuated the Laroufche country and crossed over Berwick Bay into Attakapas. The next day but one after this affair, the Eighth, 378 THE GREAT REBELLION. with a squadron of cavalry and a section of artillery, were sent under command of Colonel Fearing to take possession of New Orleans and Opelousas Railway. At Tigersville, Louisiana, the expedition captured an im mense quantity of sugar which the rebels had been obliged to abandon upon the advance of the Union forces. On reconnoitering the railroad it was found that a bridge about one hundred and twenty feet long, across Ba} r ou Boauf, had been destroyed, while a mile of the track was covered with the ruins of engines and cars, burned to prevent their falling into the hands of the Union troops. Yankee skill and ingenuity were called into requisition, a detail was made from the regi ment, the bridge rebuilt, the track relaid, an engine put in running order, and in one week trains were passing over the road, bringing stores and ammunition from New Orleans, ninety-three miles distant. During the winter of 1862-63 Lieut. Colonel Lull was detached as Provost Judge of the Parish of Lafourche, with Company B as provost guard. In the spring of 1863 the regiment took part in General Banks demon stration against Port Hudson, at the termination of which the troops were rapidly conveyed to Brasher City, and the campaign through central Louisiana, which terminated in the investment and capture of Port Hud son, commenced. The enemy, under General Dick Taylor, were first encountered in force, at Camp Bis- land, on Bayou Teche, intrenched behind breastworks, mounting heavy guns and aided by an iron-clad gunboat on the Bayou. On the 13th and 15th of April the battle of Camp Bisland was fought, resulting in the hasty retreat of the rebels, a large number of whom were killed and wounded ; the capture of ten pieces of artillery, two colors, and two thousand prisoners, and the destruction of the gunboat and three transports. In this engagement the regiment was advanced within EIGHTH REGIMENT. 379 two hundred yards of the works, sheltered by a shallow ditch from the ceaseless storm of ball, grape and shell that filled the air, not only from the enemy s works in front, but from the Union batteries in the rear. So close was the fire that the bullets constantly struck the bayonets that projected above the edge of the ditch, and the lance that ornamented the flag-staff was carried away by a fragment of shell. The loss of the regiment in this encounter was only two killed and nine wounded their close proximity to the enemy and the shelter of the ditch saving the men from the effects of the terrible fire. In the march of two hundred and thirty miles to Alexandria, Louisiana, the regiment suffered severely from the heat, dust, and want of water, but bore these hardships so cheerfully as to elicit frequent commenda tions from the commanding general. When General Banks transferred his forces from Red River to the east bank of the Mississippi, preparatory to the attack on Port Hudson, the Eighth regiment was among the first to arrive at and invest that celebrated strong-hold. PORT HUDSON. Port Hudson proper is merely a landing at the foot of the bluff, on the top of which were a few houses and a church. This bluff, like many others along the river, had been fortified with an extensive earthwork, encir cling it from the river above to the river below; and for a quarter of a mile in front the heavy forest trees had been felled and made into an almost impenetrable abattis, or slashing, at the same time affording free range for the guns of the enemy. On the top of the bluff were the batteries commanding the river, to hold which scores of similar though not so extensive works had been erected all along from Vicksburg to Port Hudson, 380 THE GREAT REBELLION. and into the latter had been driven by the Union army about seven thousand rebels, under command of General Gardner. The capture of these and the works they held was the object aimed at. The number of the be sieging army was said to be about twenty-two thousand effective men, with a hundred and and fifty pieces of artillery. The plan of attack was to open with the artillery at daylight, and for the infantry to advance at the same time and drive the outlying rebels inside their works, and enter them, if possible. The attacking party was formed in five lines, with distances of thirty paces, and the starting point a mile and a half from the works the rebels lying in the woods between. Colonel Fearing was in command of the Second Brigade, Third Division, Nineteenth Army Corps, and the Eighth Regiment formed a part of his brigade. Lieut. Colonel Lull had returned to the regiment from his long detail on staff duty. The night before the assault, made on the 27th of May, 1863, the regiment bivouacked in the woods within rifle-shot of the concealed but watchful enemy. At dawn, after a hasty breakfast, ammunition was distributed and all preparations for the assault made. The Eighth was posted on the right center, in the second line of battle. The order to advance was given, the enemy soon encountered, and fighting commenced. Shot and shell, grape and can ister, crashed through the woods from the batteries on either side, and the rebels, from behind stumps and trees, replied to the volleys of musketry delivered by the Union advancing lines. The first line was soon broken and scattered by the withering fire of the enemy, and Colonel Fearing s brigade was ordered to charge. With a wild yell the line swept forward as fast as possi ble over the bodies of the fallen the Eighth New Hampshire and the Fourth Wisconsin moving shoulder to shoulder, driving the rebels through the woods, over EIGHTH REGIMENT. 381 their outer works, across the slashing and broken ground in front of the elaborate defenses of Port Hudson ; many of the men advancing into the ditch, planting the regimental colors on the very walls, and slaughtering the rebel gunners as they endeavored to work their pieces. Supports failed to come up, and the most advanced troops were compelled to withdraw to a more sheltered position, whence all day they poured such a deadly fire on the works that the guns were silenced, and all who attempted to near them were cut down the instant they appeared. It was a most gallant charge, though it did not accomplish all that was de sired, and the success gained was achieved with fearful loss. The Eighth suffered more than any other regi ment in the army; the Fourth Wisconsin, which fought next the Eighth in line, being next in order. The slaughter was terrific, much of the fighting being hand to hand. The Tenth Arkansas, rebel regiment, which occupied the position in front of the ]S~ew Hampshire Eighth, was almost annihilated. Lieut Colonel Lull fell mortally wounded, by a minnie ball, early in the charge, while cheering on his men. His loss was deep ly deplored. Captain Flanders and Lieutenants Jones and Langley were wounded. All of the color guard, excepting a single corporal, were killed or wounded; but the gallant survivor kept fast hold of his flag, and planted it triumphantly on the outer slope of the works, where it remained till night, riddled with grape, canister and bullets. The number taken into the fio;ht was two O hundred and ninety-eight, and of these one hundred and twenty-four were killed or wounded. From this time followed the usual events of a siege. A constant fire was kept up between the pickets, and many men were killed on both sides. Lieut. Geo. W. Thompson was killed while in the rifle pits, two days 382 THE GREAT REBELLION. after the assault. The regimental return for May showed three hundred and seventeen* men present for duty. On the 12th of June the following order was issued: HEADQUARTERS THIRD DIVISION, \ Before Port Hudson, June 12th, 1863. / GENERAL ORDERS : No. 64. COLUMN OF ATTACK. Eighth New Hampshire, Fourth Wisconsin, as skirmish ers, intervals two paces. Five companies, Fourth Massachusetts and One Hun dred and Tenth New York, with hand grenades. Four companies from Third brigade, with 400 cotton bags. Third Brigade. Second Brigade. First Brigade. 50 Pioneers, to level parapet for artillery. Nims Battery. 1. The hand grenade men carry their pieces on their backs, and carry each one grenade. They march three paces in rear of their line of skirmishers. Having thrown their grenades they go on as skirmishers. 2. The cotton-bag bearers march at the head of column, two ^hundred paces in rear of skirmishers. They fill the ditch to company front. Having deposited the bags, they take arms, and march at the head of column. 3. The whole movement will be in quick time; no double-quick ; but in case tbe skirmishers encounter batteries which they can take by a double-quick ad vance, they will move in that step. 4. The skirmishers will clamber upon the parapet, followed by the hand grenades, which will be thrown over into the works as soon as the skirmishers are on the outer slope of the parapets. The skirmishers will then rush in and gain ground forward, fighting, lying down, etc., according to circumstances. 5. As soon as the column is within the works, each brigade will form line of battle, and lie down until the EIGHTH REGIMENT. 383 artillery is brought up, unless circumstances should necessitate different orders. 6. Each regimental commander will read these instruc tions to his command, and will carefully explain to his own troops their particular duties. 7. Each regiment, when forming in the night, will move silently, the officers speaking in a low tone. 8. The men will carry two days rations of hard bread in their haversacks, forty rounds of ammunition in their cartridge-boxes, and twenty rounds in their pockets. The knapsacks will be left in camp under a guard of convalescents. By command of Brigadier General Paine, GEORGE W. DURGIN, A. A. A. G. Official: E. B. BELL, A. A. A. G. The storming column was formed in accordance with the foregoing order, behind a hedge, about eight hundred yards from the works, and separated from them by an uneven open field. When within eighty yards of the works sheets of flame ran around the parapet, and the cannon poured in their double shotted charges of canister cutting through the ranks of the column like hail in a field of ripe wheat. Yet they advanced at a double-quick until the rebels, thinking the day lost, began to retire from their guns. Cheered by the hope of victory the iSTew Hampshire Eighth and Fourth Wis consin scaled the parapets, and had the supports come up promptly the place would have been captured. Many of these, however, w^ere nine months men, and they halted, wavered, and finally fell back, leaving the handful of brave men to the mercy of the besieged, who now rallied and captured all who had entered the work, and poured a murderous fire into the remnant remaining in front, who escaped, if they escaped at all, by crawling back into the ditches and ravines. General Paine w T as shot through the leg early in the action, and could not be moved from the field till after dark. To 384 THE GREAT REBELLION. his wound may perhaps in a great measure be attributed the failure of the attack. The Eighth was commanded by Captain Barrett. It was reported to have entered the fight with two hundred and seventeen men, and to have lost one hundred and twenty-two. Capt. J. M. Stanyan was wounded and taken prisoner. Lieuts. Wallace, Hosley and Newell were missing. Captain Flanders and Lieuts. Gannon, Locke, Prescott, and O Grady, were all wounded. No flag of truce was allowed by the rebels for three days, and nothing could be known of the condition of the wounded lying between the lines. The rebels refused to allow the Union stretcher- bearers to go upon the field, and scores of poor fellows perished of thirst, under the scorching sun, who might have been saved. On the 17th the stench from the putrefying corpses had become so intolerable to the enemy that they raised a white flag, and proposed to pick up the Union dead and wounded and deliver them at a given point. This was accepted, and one hundred and thirteen dead and one wounded were brought in, most of them so discolored as to be unrecognizable. The siege was continued, the Union works being constantly advanced, until the 4th of July, when Vicks- burg surrendered. Dispatches were received from General Grant, announcing the grand result at the headquarters of General Banks, on the morning of the 7th, and soon the joyful news was communicated to every regiment, battalion and detachment in the army. General Banks issued a general order, directing a salute of one hundred shotted guns to be fired from each battery, and ordering all the regimental bands to as semble at his headquarters at noon. The salutes were fired and two hundred instruments performed some of our most stirring melodies, and there were other demon strations of joy, which the rebels at Port Hudson did not understand. They soon, however, learned of the EIGHTH REGIMENT. 385 surrender of Yicksburg through the Union troops, doubting the truth of which General Gardner the next day sent a flag of truce to ascertain if the report was indeed true. General Banks returned official copies of General Grant s dispatches, upon receipt of which the rebel commander, Gardner, again sent out to know upon what terms General Banks would receive his surrender. Terms were arranged and Port Hudson was surrendered on the 9th of July. The scenes and ceremonies attending the surrender and transfer of the second great strategic point on our vast continental river to its rightful owners, were most imposing. From morning till high noon was seen the grand and tri umphal march of the Union victorious columns, treading with joyous steps the paths to that famous place. In the column the New Hampshire Eighth was assigned to a position of honor, in recognition of the gallant service it had performed in the siege, and was further complimented by assignment to a camping ground on that high bluff midway of the river front, and directly under the stars and stripes it had done so much to defend. The rebel General Gardner surrendered his sword to General Andrews ; unwilling hands lowered the banner of secession ; a squad of sailors from the fleet drew up to the same point the glorious stars and stripes ; salutes and cheers were given with a will, and the Mississippi river, from its mouth to its source, was free ! On the 22d of August the Eighth marched back to Baton Rouge. On the way two of the men were gob bled up by the rebel cavalry, they having stopped to bring along a disabled wagon. The regiment remained in camp north of the capital city of Louisiana, where it continued until the 2d of September, when it embarked on transports and sailed with an expedition to Sabine Pass, Texas, at the mouth of the Sabine river. The pass 386 THE GREAT REBELLION. was defended by heavy guns, by which was disabled the two gunboats Sachem and Clifton, anct the rebels made prisoners of all on board, numbering about one hundred and eighty men. After some further mishaps the object of the expedition was abandoned and it returned to New Orleans. About the middle of September the Eighth returned to Camp Bisland the old battle ground of the 13th of April. Colonel Fearing was absent with two or three officers for the purpose of bringing on conscripts, and Captain Flanders, who had been promoted to Lieut. Colonel, was in command of the regiment. Early in October they moved to Opelousas ; and in December were ordered to Franklin, where the regiment was mounted and the name of the organization changed to the Second New Hampshire Cavalry. They were armed with sabers, carbines and revolvers, and drilled in the ordi nary cavalry tactics. During the month Colonel Fear ing returned with upward of three hundred and fifty recruits for the regiment. On the 4th of January, 1864, two hundred and nineteen of the old men re-enlisted, and without the usual thirty days furlough they were ordered at once into the field. At the commencement of the Red River campaign, the Eighth, with the rest of the cavalry division about fifteen thousand men marched from New Orleans to Alexandria three hundred and eighty miles where they joined General A. J. Smith s forces, who had ascended the river. The Second New Hampshire Cav alry, as the regiment was now designated, was brigaded with five regiments under Colonel Davis. From Alexan dria the cavalry pushed the enemy s rear-guard closely, having quite a skirmish at Natchitoches, where the regi ment charged through the streets of the town, killing and capturing a number of the enemy. EIGHTH REGIMENT. 387 On the 8th of April the cavalry came unexpectedly upon the enemy at Sabine Cross Roads, where the Second New Hampshire Cavalry at once charged on a brigade and put them to flight. This movement un masked two divisions of rebel infantry, but they, ap parently bewildered by the very audacity of the move ment, allowed the regiment to escape unmolested. In the action which followed, a part of the regiment was dismounted and deployed as skirmishers in front of the infantry. These were nearly all captured, numbering forty-seven men together with Captain Dana "W. King, whose horse was shot in the charge and were carried to the famous prison pen at Tyler, Texas, where they suffered the common lot of Union prisoners of war for several months. A disastrous battle followed, after which the regiment covered the retreat of the infantry, almost continually skirmishing with the enemy. On the march from Alexandria to Morganzia, the regiment saw its hardest experience. Skirmishing by day and march ing by night to reach the army whose retreat it was following, without sleep or rest, both men and horses were well nigh exhausted. In one of the numerous skirmishes with the rebels, Lieut. Cobbs, of Company B, was captured, dismounted and disarmed ; but before he aould be taken to the rear, the regiment made a counter charge to recapture him. Seeing that he was about to be lost to them, a rebel officer shot him with his own pistol. His body fell into the hands of his regiment, and was buried on the banks of the Red river. At Yellow Bayou, on the 17th of May, the brigade was attacked by about six thousand of the enemy, and were nearly surrounded. They succeeded in cutting their way out by presenting a bold front, and by un daunted courage. At Bayou de Glace, where they stopped to build a bridge over the Atchafalaya river, they were fiercely attacked by the enemy, under General 388 THE GREAT REBELLION. Dick Taylor. The enemy were resolutely met and quick ly routed, losing two hundred and fifty prisoners and two pieces of artillery, and did not afterward disturb the Union army on its march. During the whole of the campaign the Second New Hampshire Cavalry lost ninety-six men killed, wounded and missing. Lieuts. Bickford, Newhall and Haskins were wounded in the last two fights. After arriving at Morganzia the regiment was ordered to New Orleans, to proceed on its veteran furlough. The re-enlisted men started up the Mississippi on the llth, and arrived at Concord on the 23d of July, where they met with a warm reception. They remained at home until the 29th of August, when they started for Louisiana, and joined their comrades at Camp Parapet, and were soon ordered to Natchez, Miss., where they remained during the fall, doing picket and garrison duty. While stationed here a detachment of the regi ment, under command of Major Connolly, participated in an expedition into Louisiana, capturing large quanti ties of stores and provisions, and bringing in many horses and mules. Late in the fall the regiment was ordered into Fort McPherson an extensive earth-work, commanding the o city and its approaches. Here the men constructed comfortable winter quarters, cook-houses, etc., out of the debris of houses pulled down to give range to the guns ; and the regiment had time for putting their clothing and equipments in good order, and soon pre sented so fine an appearance as to elicit the high com mendations of inspecting officers. The time of service of the regiment expired on the 23d of December, 1864, shortly after which the non- veterans, and a majority of the officers, under command of Colonel Fearing, were ordered home to be mustered but of service. They reached Concord early in January, EIGHTH REGIMENT. 389 1865, were handsomely welcomed by the State author ities, mustered out, paid, and the regimental organiza tion of the Eighth New Hampshire Volunteers ceased to exist. VETEKAN BATTALION. At the expiration of the original term o f the Eighth Regiment, there remained in service three hundred c"> and five veteran volunteers, and recruits joined sub sequent to the original muster-in of the regiment. These, under regulation of the War Department, were organized into three companies of the maximum strength, and designated the " Veteran Battalion, Eighth New Hampshire Volunteers." Though there was no regimental organization, Surgeon Andrew J. Thompson was retained in the service to attend to the health of the battalion. The command dates its organ ization from January 1st, 1865. Captain Landers assumed command of the battalion by virtue of su periority of rank. On the 9th of January the battalion was ordered to Vidalia, on the Louisiana shore, directly opposite Natchez. The post was commanded by Brigadier General M. Brayman Lieut. Marshall, of the Veteran Battalion, being his adjutant general. The defenses of Vidalia consisted of a square redoubt, with bastions at the inland angles, inclosing the court house and jail of the parish, which were used for officers quarters and for the storage of quartermaster s and ordnance stores. The work mounted four ten pounder rifles and two howitzers, and was garrisoned by the Veteran Battalion, 390 THE ORE AT REBELLION. a squadron of the New Jersey Cavalry, and a section of artillery. All the territory in federal possession was included in a picket line two miles in length, curving in a semi-circle from the river to the river again. In the stream, a little above the fort, lay the huge iron-clad Benton, whose hundred-pounders and eleven-inch Dahl- grens commanded a wide sweep of country in rear of the post. The nearest post of the enemy was at Har- risonburg, about forty miles distant, with an outpost at Trinity, twenty-five miles from Yidalia. The country between was a sort of " debatable ground," being raided over by either party in turn. The Union forces would sweep the rebel plantations along Black river of all the horses, mules and corn that could be found, while small parties of the enemy would make midnight forays upon the government lessees, most of whom were northern men, who trusting to their contiguity to the Federal lines for protection, had engaged in cotton- planting around Vidalia. The rebel jay-hawkers would plunder them and shoot them down remorselessly. On one occasion a party of sixty of these rebel marauders dashed ihto a plantation within plain sight of the post, upon which was a picket of a sergeant and six men of the Veteran Battalion. The sergeant drew up his little force in line of battle across the road, arid as the enemy came charging down, received them with a volley from his six rifles, which sent them precipitately to the "right about." Plunder and not fighting being their object, they retreated at the slightest show of resistance. These raids became quite frequent during the month of February, but the enemy never ventured to attack the post. It being ascertained that most of the raiding and plundering about Vidalia was done by deserters from the rebel army east of the Mississippi, who were living dt their homes along Black river, and subsisting upon EIGHTH REGIMENT. 391 the spoils of their guerilla warfare, General Brayman decided to send out a party to kill or capture them if possible ; or at any rate to seize their horses and mules, which would deprive them of the means of carrying on their depredations. By his order, on the 4th of Febru ary, Captain James R. Newell, of Company C, with a party of fifteen men, mounted for the occasion, started for Black river. They were accompanied by four scouts, Union men of the south, who, hunted like wild beasts, their crops and buildings burned, and their wives and children turned houseless into the woods to starve, had entered the Union service. These scouts were clad in "rebel gray," armed to the teeth; and, being rendered desperate by their grievances, had sworn never to be taken alive, all preparations having been made, the party started from Yidalia before daylight, and striking across the fields, the little cavalcade entered the wooded swamp which skirts the strip of cultivated land along the river, guided only by the compass, and marks upon trees unnoticeable by ordinary observers, but easily seen and recognized by the keen-eyed scouts. The party at last reached Black river where it empties into Red river, and commenced operations, and, swooping down upon the haunts of the guerillas, captured their horses and horse equipments ; but the guerillas themselves escaped by plunging into the swamp. Two or three of these rebel rendezvous were broken np in as many days, when one of the scouts, who, in his rebel gray had ridden out toward Harrisonburg, returned with the intelligence that their movements were known to the rebel com mander, and that a force of about three hundred rebel cavalry were in hot pursuit, So, leaving Black river, Captain Newell struck into the swamp once more, driv ing before the party the captured stock, and heading for Vidalia. A furious rain-storm set in, and soon the rising water warned them that an overflow of the Mis- 392 THE GREAT REBELLION. sissippi was at hand, and that their only safety lay in reaching higher ground. The water rose rapidly until it reached the men s styrrups; the enemy behind, the flood for miles before and around them, they splashed on in silence through the gloomy forest, always dark in the sunniest days, now doubly so that the sky was over cast and the air filled with sheets of driving rain. It was at this time that the scouts knowledge of the coun try saved the whole party. Guided by them they arrived at nightfall on a ridge of land in the midst of the swamps, ten miles from any clearing or human habitation. Here they bivouacked, and passed a most miserable and uncomfortable night, in a pelting rain, without shelter, and almost entirely destitute of food for man or horse. The water continued to rise through the next day, but toward night the rain slackened, and Captain Newell, with one of the scouts, set out to dis cover some means of escape from the watery blockade. They pushed out into the water, which grew deeper and deeper until the houses had to swim. Finally the scout s horse gave out, sank and was drowned, while he took to a log. Captain Jewell s horse began to show signs of failing strength, when he threw oft* his saber, pistol, boots and overcoat, and plunging into the water seized his horse s mane, and after an hour s swimming the noble animal landed him again upon the ridge, when he fell insensible to the ground the blood rushing from his nostrils from the violence of his exertions. He was taken to the fire and resuscitated. The darkness rendered a search for the scout that night impracticable. At daylight next morning Captain Newell and two men started out and found him a mile and a half from the ridge, clinging to the log almost lifeless, from cold and exhaustion. He was rescued and carried to the ridge, where he was taken care of and restored. The men, being upon the verge of starvation, killed a horse and a EIGHTH REGIMENT. 393 mule, and feasted upon steaks and cutlets, seasoned with gunpowder in lieu of salt. After another day passed on the ridge, the swamp being still impassable, it was determined to make a bold push for the Union lines by the nearest road, which after some sharp practice and amusing adventures they reached on the 10th, having been absent six days. On the 6th of March the battalion returned to Natchez, where they were engaged in provost duty. They soon became the favorites of the commanding general, J. W. Davidson, an old regular army officer, through whose exertions they were fitted out with new uniforms, shoulder scales, etc., in which the battalion presented quite a holiday appearance. During the month of March a detachment from the battalion pro ceeded by steamboat to Games Landing, about twenty- five miles up the river from whence they marched into the interior and captured a rebel depot of supplies and a few prisoners. Lieut. George B. Johnson was detailed as assistant provost marshal of Natchez, and Lieut. John J. Nolan to command the military prison. On the reception of the news of the surrender of Lee s army and the capture of Richmond, a general illumination of the city and a torch-light procession were ordered by the provost marshal. Both were grand, and the right of the column was assigned to the Veteran Battalion. In May Surgeon A. J. Thompson was as signed to duty as surgeon in charge of the district, which position he occupied until the command was mustered out. Captain James H. Landers was detached as assistant commissary of musters, leaving Captain James R. Newell in command of the battalion. On the 5th of June Lieut. Charles A. Bowen, of Company B, formerly regimental quartermaster of the old organ ization, was detached as post quartermaster at Natchez, 394 THE GREAT REBELLION. having charge of several million dollars worth of prop erty of every description, from a steamboat to a mule shoe. About this time over ninety enlisted men of the battalion were employed upon various kinds of detached service, as clerks, orderlies, &c., a fact which speaks well for the trustworthiness of the rank and file. On the 12th of August Lieut. James H. Marshall was de- O tached as Acting Assistant Adjutant General upon the staff of Major General H. W. Slocum, commanding the Department of Mississippi, where he served until the battalion was mustered out. The battalion was ordered to Yicksburg for that purpose, and the men were mustered out of the United tates service on the 29th of October, left for New Hamp shire, under command of Capt. Dana W. King, and arrived at Concord on the evening of the 6th of Novem ber, where they were received by Adjutant General Natt Head, and Governor Frederick Srnyth, who ad dressed them in a few appropriate words, tendered the thanks of the State, and invited them to a hot supper at the hotels. On Friday, the 9th of November, the battalion was paid off and discharged. One hundred and seventy-nine enlisted men returned, the last repre sentatives of over one thousand seven hundred men who had served in the Eighth Regiment. Captains Newell and Landers, Surgeon Thompson, and Lieuts. Bowen and Fletcher, with about twenty-five enlisted men, were left at the South, preferring to be discharged there to returning with the battalion. The officers who returned with the command were Captain Dana W. King, commanding the battalion ; and Lieutenants George B. Johnson, James H. Marshall and Nelson H. Peterson. As a recognition of their services the officers of the battalion were presented with brevet commissions by the Governor, making the roster as follows : EIGHTH REGIMENT 395 Colonel, James H. Landers; Lieut. Colonel, Dana "W. King ; Major, James R. Newell; Surgeon, Andrew J. Thompson; Company A Captain, George B. Johnson ; First Lieut. Nelson H. Peterson ; Company B Captain, Charles A. Bowen; First Lieut. James F. W. Fletcher; Company C Captain, James H. Marshall; First Lieut. James L. "Wheeler. The Eighth Regiment was actively engaged in the following battles : Georgia Landing, October 27, 1862. Camp Bisland, April 12 and 13, 1863. Port Hudson, May 27 and June 14, 1863. Sabine Cross Roads, April 8, 1864. Cane River, April 23, 1864. Moreauville, May 17, 1864. Yellow Bayou, May 18, 1864. Besides these the regiment was engaged in fifty-three distinct skirmishes, some of which, previous to the war of the rebellion, would have been considered sanguinary battles, and in all of them was distinguished for coolness and bravery. 396 THE GREAT REBELLION. NINTH REGIMENT. After the Eighth Regiment had been sent to the field, recruiting in New Hampshire ceased, and by order of the War Department all recruiting offices for volunteers were closed and their furniture sold. In May, 1862, an order was received from the War Department, request ing New Hampshire to furnish an additional regiment of infantry. A bounty of twenty dollars was offered which was subsequently increased to fifty dollars by the State to each person who might enlist in any new regiment, and sixty dollars to those who would enlist in either of the regiments then in the service. The men rendezvoused at Concord, and during the month of July a large portion of the regiment was mustered into the United States service. The organization was finally completed on the 23d, and left the State for the seat of war on the 25th of August, under command of Colonel Enoch Q. Fellows, who had previously resigned his com mission in the Third Regiment. The following were the field, staff and company officers, with their official record, during the whole term of the service of the regiment : FIELD AND STAFF OFFICERS. COLONELS Enoch Q. Fellows, of Sandwicn. Resigned Nov. 21, 1862. Herbert B. Titus, of Chesterfield. Discharged Sept. 27, 1864. Reinstated by Special Order No. 377. War Department, Nov. 1, 1864. Mustered out June 10, 1865. Lieut. Colonels Josiah Stevens, Jr., of Concord. Resigned June 14,1862. Herbert B. Titus, of Chesterfield. Promoted to Colonel Nov. 22, 1862. NINTH REGIMENT. 397 John "W. Babbitt, of Keene. Wounded May 12, 1864. Discharged on account of wounds Dec. 5, 1864. Majors Herbert B. Titus, of Chesterfield. Promoted to Lieut. Colonel Aug. 26, 1862. George W. Everett, of New London. Died August 27, 1863. George H. Chandler, of Concord. Wounded May 12, 1864. Mustered out June 10, 1865. Adjutants William N. Cook, of Wakefield. Died August 9, 1862. George H. Chandler, of Concord. Promoted to Major Sept. 1,^1863. "William I. Brown, of Fish ervi lie. Promoted to Major 18th N. H. Vols., Oct. 13, 1864. Oscar D. Robinson, of Plainfield. . Promoted to Captain May 1, 1865. Quartermasters Carlton B. Hutchinson, of Lisbon. Resigned Nov. 12, 1862. William Pitt Moses, of Great Falls. Mustered out June 10, 1865. Surgeons William A. Webster, of Manchester. Honorably discharged Jan. 5, 1865. Francis N. Gibson, of Alstead. Mustered out June 10, 1865. Ass t Surgeons John S. Emerson, of Sandwich. Promoted to Surgeon 18th Regt. N. H. Vols., March 22, 1865. Francis N. Gibson, of Alstead. Promoted to Surgeon Jan. 18, 1865 Chaplain Edward M. Gushee, of Dover. Resigned Oct. 20, 1863. Sergeant Majors Edwin Greene, of Concord. Promoted to Second Lieut. Sept. 29, 1862. George P. Sylvester, of Gilmanton. Promoted to Second Lieut. March 1, 1863. Franklin H. Foster, of Exeter. Captured near Petersburg, Va., July 30, 1864. Died of disease at Salis bury, N. C., Dec. 14, 1804. Newell T. Dutton, of Claremont. Mustered out June 10, 1865 Quartermaster Sergeants James B. Perry, of Nashua. Discharged for disability Nov. 26, 1862. S. Henrv Sprague, of Keene. Promoted to First Lieut. Nov. 12, 1862. 398 THE GREAT REBELLION. Charles P. Hill, of Somersworth. Discharged for disability at Concord, Sept. 18, 1863. Charles E. Rugg. Mustered out June 10, 1865. Commissary Sergeants H. M. Hanson, of Great Falls. Mustered out June 10, 1865. Hospital Stewards Aaron "W. Shepard, of Nashua. Promoted to Ass t Surgeon 18th N. H. Vols., Nov. 10, 1864. Sylvester J. Hill, of Manchester. Mustered out June 10, 1865. Principal Musicians Sylvanus Adams, of Milford. Mustered out Nov. 25, 1862. Alden B. Bennett, of Milford. Mustered out Nov. 25, 1862. COMPANY OFFICERS. Co. A. Captains L. H. Pillsbury, of Londonderry. Resigned Aug. 7, 1863. Ludo B. Little, of Lyman. Wounded severely July 2, 1864. Honorably discharged Oct. 24, 1864. First Lieuts. Wm. S. Pillsbury, of Londonderry. k Resigned Oct. 9, 1862. Oliver P. ISTewcomb, of Orford. Resigned Jan. 11, 1863. Ludo B. Little, of Orford. Promoted to Captain Jan. 1, 1864. George "W. Emery, of Dover. Killed near Poplar Grove Church, Va., Sept. 30, 1864. Charles J. Simons, of Epping. Mustered^out June 10, 1865. Second Lieuts. Oliver P. Newcomb, of Orford. Promoted to First Lieut. Oct. 9, 1862. John Mooney, of Holderness. Resigned March 2, 1863. Henry O. Sargent, of Manchester. Resigned Dec. 22, 1863. George H. Drew, of Milford. Captured July 30, 1864. Exchanged. Mustered out June 10, 1865. Co. B. Captains Samuel J. Alexander, of Concord. Wounded severely in action July 13, 1863, at Jacksonville, Miss. Died of wounds July 23, 1863. Orville Smith, of Lempster. Killed at Spottsylvania, Va., May 12, 1864. NINTH REGIMENT. 399 First Lieuts. Wm. N. Haradon, of Manchester. Resigned Jan. 11, 1863. William I. Brown, of Fisherville. Promoted to Adjutant Nov. 1, 1863. H. Baxter Quimby, of Lisbon. Captured at Poplar Grove Church, Va., Sept. 30, 1864. Escaped. Promot ed to Captain May 1, 1865. Second Lieuts. T. Melville Chisholm, of Milton. Resigned Oct. 9, 1862. Horace Rolfe, of Concord. Resigned March 11, 1863. John C. Sampson, of Rochester. Promoted to First Lieut. Jan. 1, 1864. Henry E. Hubbard, of Keene. Mustered out June 10, 1865. Co. C. Captains Augustus S. Ed^erly, of Nashua. Wounded slightly Dec. 18, 1862. Killed May 6, 1864. Charles D. Copp, of Nashua. Mustered out June 10, 1865. First Lieuts. Charles "W. Tilton, of Sanbornton. Resigned Dec. 5, 1862. Charles D. Copp, of Nashua. Promoted to Captain July 28, 1864. Jerome Kelley, of Salem. Mustered out June 10, 1865. Second Lieuts. Charles D. Capp, of Nashua. Promoted to First Lieut. Jan. 1, 1863. David F. Cheney, of Franklin. Promoted to First Lieut. May 1, 1864. Co. D. Captains Chester C. Stevens, of Exeter. Resigned Dec. 25, 1862. Asa T. Hutchinson, of Manchester. Mustered out June 10, 1865. First Lieuts. Andrew J. Hough, of Dover. Promoted to Captain Nov. 22, 1862. John E. Mason, of Manchester. Discharged for disability March 9, 1865. John Thompson, of Swanzey. Mustered out June 10, 1865 Second Lieuts. Albert Gr. Merrill, of Conway. Resigned Dec. 22, 1862 George W. Emery, of Dover. Promoted to First Lieut. Jan. 1, 1864 400 THE GREAT REBELLION. John Donovan, of Dover. Discharged for disability Feb. 17, 1865. Co. E. Captains Daniel C. Buswell, of Lebanon. Wounded July 22, 1864. Died of wounds Aug. 8, 1864 Oscar D. Robinson, of Plainrield. Mustered out June 10, 1865. First Lieuts. Asa T. Hutcliinson, of Manchester. Promoted to Captain Jan. 1, 1863. Charles A. Harnden, of Hillsborough. Resigned July 29, 1863. John C. Sampson, of Rochester. Killed near Petersburg, Va., July 30, 1864. Oscar D. Robinson, of Plainneld. Promoted to Adjutant March 1, 1865. Second Lieuts. James N. Edminster, of Cornish. Resigned Oct. 27, 1862. H. Baxter Quimby, of Lisbon. Promoted to First Lieut. Nov. 1, 1864. Oscar D. Robinson, of Plainneld. Promoted to First Lieut. Nov. 1, 1864. Co. F. Captains Andrew J. Stone, of Dunbarton. Wounded May 18, 1864. Died of wounds May 20, 1864. Ervin T. Case, of Newport. Mustered out June 10, 1865. First Lieuts. William Pitt Moses, of Great Falls. Appointed Quartermaster Nov. 13. 1862. S. Henry Sprague, of Keene. Died at Cincinnati, Ohio, Aug. 17, 1863. Edward C. Babb, of Concord. Promoted to Captain Feb. 1, 1865. Second Lieuts. John E. Mason, of Manchester. Promoted to First Lieut Nov. 22, 1862. Ludo B. Little, of Lyman. Wounded severely Dec. 13, 1862. Promoted to First Lieut. May 1, 1863. Charles W. Wilcox. Captured May 12, 1864. Exchanged. Honorably discharged May 15, 1865. Co. G. Captains Smith O. Whitfield, of Francestown. Wounded Sept. 17, 1862. Promoted to Lieut. Colonel 123d U. S. C. T., Oct. 7, 1864. Edward C. Babb, of Concord. Mustered out June 10, 1865. First Lieuts. Orville Smith, of Lempster. Promoted to Captain Nov. 1, 1863. NINTH REGIMENT. 401 S. Horace Perry, of Keene. Honorably discharged April 20, 1864. Stacy W. Hall, of Dover. Mustered out June 10, 1865. Second Lieuts. C. A. Harnden, of Hillsborough. Wounded Dec. 13, 1863. Promoted to First Lieut. Jan. 1, 1864. William D. Rice, of Clarernont. Wounded May 12, 1864. Killed at Poplar Grove Church, Va., Sept. 30, 18G4. Co. H. Captains Charles W. Edgerly, of Rochester. "Resigned Feb. 17, 1863. James Blaisdell, of Rochester. Dismissed August 4, 1864. Benjamin R. Allen, of Newport. Mustered out June 10, 1865. First Lieuts. John G. Lewis, of Lancaster. Killed at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, 1862. James Blaisdell, of Rochester. Promoted to Captain Feb. 28, 1863. Edwin Greene, of Concord. Wounded July 30, 1864. Mustered out June 10, 1865. Second Lieuts. James Blaisdell, of Rochester. Promoted to First Lieut. Jan. 1, 1863. Edward C. Babb, of Concord. Promoted to First Lieut. Jan. 1, 1864. I. Leonard Harlow, of Lisbon. Honorably discharged Dec. 19, 1864. Co. I. Captains John W. Babbitt, of Keene. Promoted to Lieut. Colonel Nov. 22, 1862. Andrew J. Hough, of Dover. Wounded severely and captured July 30, 1864. Paroled. Discharged on account of wounds June 22, 1865. First Lieuts. Jacob Greene, of Keene. Resigned March 8, 1804. David F. Cheney, of Franklin. Wounded July 30, 1864. Discharged for disability Nov. 30, 1864. Charles J. Richards, of Great Falls. Mustered out June 10, 1865. Second Lieuts. Nelson N. Sawyer, of Keene. "Resigned Sept. 29, 1862. Edwin Greene, of Concord. Promoted to First Lieut. March 1, 1863. George P. Sylvester, of Gilmanton. Wounded May 12, 1864. ^Died of wounds at Washington, D. C., June 5, 1864. 402 THE GREAT REBELLION. Co. K. Captain John B. Cooper, of Newport. Mustered out June 10, 1865. First Lieuts. Ervin T. Case, of Newport. P/omoted to Captain July 28, 1864. Benjamin R. Allen, of Newport, Wounded Sept. 30, 1864. Promoted to Captain Feb. 1, 1865. Franklin J. Burnham, of Plaintield. Mustered out June 10, 1865. Second Lieuts. William I. Brown, of Fisherville. Promoted to First Lieut. March 1, 1863. Benjamin R. Allen, of Newport, Promoted to First Lieut. Sept. 16, 1864. COLONEL ENOCH Q. FELLOWS. Colonel Fellows was born at Sandwich, Carroll Coun ty, New Hampshire, on the 20th of June, 1825. His father was a respectable farmer, in humble circum stances. He attended public schools in his native town until old enough to go to an academy, from which time until he was nineteen years old he attended different academies and taught school alternately. He had nearly completed his preparatory college course when he re ceived an appointment to the United States Military Academy at West Point, where he entered in 1844, and remained about two and a half years, standing, when he left fifth in his class in conduct, and eight in general standing. Among his school fellows there were George B. McClellan, Ambrose E. Burnside, D. N. Couch and Jesse L. Reno, all of whom were Major Generals in the Union army, the famous Stonewall Jackson, of the rebel army, and many others who were prominent actors during the war. After leaving West point Colonel Fellows returned to his native town, and for years took an active part in the militia of the State. He held several commissions and rose to the rank of Brigadier General. In 1854 he was appointed Inspector in the Boston Custom H Q . F E L, L C\\ r Col. 9^ N. Li v/ NINTH REGIMENT. 403 House, which position he held three years. "When the rebellion broke out, in 1861, Colonel Fellows was the first man in the State, north of Concord, to volunteer, and one of the very first to take an active part in enlisting and organizing the three months volunteers, called for by President Lincoln, immediately after the surrender of Fort Sumter to the rebels. He acted as Adjutant during the organization of the First Regiment, was commissioned to that place by Governor Goodwin, served with the regiment during its term of enlistment, returned with it to the State, and the next day after being mustered out was commissioned Colonel of the Third Regiment. He organized this regiment and commanded it about a year except about three months, when he was acting Brigadier General. When General T. W. Sherman was getting up his great Naval Expedi tion he came to Concord and obtained the promise of the Governor that the Third Regiment, then being organized, should form a part of it. Colonel Fellows was the first Colonel of the fifteen regiments composing that expedition to be mustered in, and the Third was the first regiment to report to General Sherman in ISTew York City, and he was consequently the ranking Colonel of the Expedition. The Expedition took Port Royal on the 7th of November, 1861. During the months of December, 1861, and January, 1862, all the brigadier generals were assigned to duty elsewhere, and Colonel Fellows was appointed the first commandant at Hilton Head, S. C. He enjoyed the most unbounded confidence of General Sherman, both as an officer and a gentleman, till he was relieved in March, 1862. Having been absent from his home about a year he then asked for a furlough, and General Sherman endorsed his applica tion as follows he having been relieved : " The valua ble service performed in the Expeditionery Corps by Colonel Fellows, and his long and close attention to 404 THE ORE AT REBELLION. bis important duties here, renders the indulgence asked for a very reasonable one, whictt I intended to grant him." Colonel Fellows request was granted at once, but just then there was a disturbance at Edisto Island, and General Benham asked General Sherman which was the best regiment to send, and was answered, the Third New Hampshire, and that regiment was ac cordingly ordered there. Colonel Fellows then told General Benham that, under the circumstances, he did not wish to avail himself of his furlough at that time, if he could be of service. The General expressed many thanks for the offer, and immediately placed Colonel Fellows in command of all the troops at Edisto and vicinity, consisting of three and a half regiments of infantry, one company of cavalry, four pieces of artil lery, and one gunboat. He remained there three or four weeks, and drove the rebels from Jehosse Island, and after the capture of Fort Pulaski, and all had become quiet, Colonel Fellows was relieved and received his furlough. While at home, without his knowledge, the Governor and Council, the Adjutant General and Secretary of State recommended him to President Lincoln for an appointment as Brigadier General of United States Vol unteers, as a man well qualified by education, ability and experience to fill the position with honor to the state and benefit to the service. "When the Ninth Regi ment was being enlisted, about this time, Governor Berry offered the command of it to Colonel Fellows, which he said he would accept, if the Governor thought best. He accordingly resigned his commission as Colonel of the Third, and accepted that of Colonel of the Ninth, on the 14th of June, 1862. On arrival in Washington with the Ninth Regiment, Colonel Fellows was immediately assigned to the command of a brigade, though not the ranking colonel. This was about the NINTH REGIMENT. 405 time of General Pope s defeat, and in a few days the army was reorganized under General McClellan, and the Ninth Regiment was assigned to an old brigade ; and in less than three weeks from the time the regiment left New Hampshire it was engaged in the battles of South Mountain and Antietam. At South Mountain the Ninth Regiment, under Colonel Fellows, made one of the most brilliant bayonet charges of the whole war, drove a rebel battery from the field, capturing several prisoners, and he was especially complimented on the field by Brigadier General Nagle, in command of the brigade, and Major General Reno, in command of the corps. General Reno had scarcely turned his horse from Colonel Fellows to depart, after congratulating him upon the good behavior of his men, when he received his death wound. Soon after the battle of Antietam, Colonel Fellows broke down in health and resigned. He was undoubtedly one of the most capable officers in the army from New Hampshire during the four years continuance of the war. He was always faithful and attentive to duty and cool and skillful in action. His military education and experience, at a time when there were but few men in the State who knew any thing about the requirements of troops fitting for the field, were of great benefit to the service. At the close of his military service Colonel Fellows returned to his native town, Sandwich, where he has since resided. In 1868 and 1869 he was an active and valuable member of the popular branch of the New Hampshire Legislature from Sandwich; and in the latter year was appointed a United States Assistant Assessor of Internal Revenue in the First District. His principal business is that of private banker, at St. Paul, Minnesota, where he has a partner, and from which he derives a handsome income. 406 THE GREAT REBELLION. COLONEL HERBERT B. TITU& At the time the rebellion broke out Colonel Titus was engaged in teaching, at Chesterfield, Cheshire County, New Hampshire, and was among the first men in that County to enlist under the call of the President for seventy-five thousand volunteers for three months, and was on the 4th of June, 1861, commissioned Second Lieutenant of Company A, in the Second Regiment, in which position he served, sharing the fortunes of that regiment, until June, 1862, when he was promoted to Major of the Ninth New Hampshire Regiment. He was promoted to Lieut. Colonel of the same on the 26th of August, of the same year, and on the resignation of Colonel Fellows, was promoted to Colonel on the 22d of November, in which position he continued until the muster out of his regiment, June 10, 1865. He was wounded in the battle of Antietam by a rifle ball, while he was himself using a musket. His loss to the regi ment was very severely felt, for he had already won the confidence of the men, and Colonel Fellows was the only field officer left Major Everett not yet having join ed the command. On this occasion, and also at South Mountain, a few days previous, Lieut. Colonel Titus distinguished himself for gallantry and skill. During his term in the army he was often in command of a brigade, and rendered valuable service in every position where the fortunes of war placed him. He returned to the State with his regiment, after the close of the war, and was mustered out with it. Subsequent to the close of the war Colonel Titus purchased an extensive tract of land in Virginia, where he now resides, engaged in its care and cultivation. NINTH REGIMENT. 407 MAJOR GEORGE WASHINGTON EVERETT. Major Everett was born at New London, Merrimack County, New Hampshire, on the 19th of November, 1819. He was educated in the public schools and acad emy of his native town. He pursued a course of legal study in the office of Walter P. Flanders, Esq., and was admitted to the Merrimack County Bar in October 1847. During his whole course of study he was dependent upon his own exertions for means, and exhibited great diligence and ambition. Soon after he was admitted to the bar he commenced the practice of law in his native town, where he continued until he entered the army. In 1852 and 1856 he was elected a member from New London of the New Hampshire House of Representa tives, and took a prominent part on committees and in debates. He was Solicitor for Merrimack County five years, from 1856 to 1861, and discharged the duties of that office in an able and acceptable manner. In the summer of 1862, Major Everett felt that he owed a duty, and his life, if need be, to his country, and accordingly offered his services to the Governor. He was commissioned Major of the Ninth Regiment on the 26th of August, 1862, but did not leave the State with his regiment, on account of sickness, but joined it soon afterward, and was with it in several battles and skir mishes, in all of which he proved himself a brave and faithful officer. In August 1863, as the Ninth Regiment was coming up the Mississippi river from Yicksburg, Major Everett was taken dangerously ill, and continuing to grow worse, he stopped on his arrival at Cincinnati, hoping that a few days rest would restore him to health ; but he failed rapidly until the 27th of August, 1863, when he died, lamented by his regiment and a very large circle of friends in New Hampshire. His remains 408 THE GREAT REBELLION. were sent home in charge of Lieut. Orville Smith, to his sorrowing wife and family. His funeral took place at New London on the 31st of August, and was attended by a very large concourse of friends and citizens. At the conclusion of the general services in the Baptist church, where he had been a worshipper from early boyhood, the body was given in charge of the Mount Horeb Commandery of Knights Templar, of Concord, of which organization the deceased was an esteemed associate, and by the members was conveyed to the village cemetery, where with impressive ceremonies it was sacredly consigned to the grave. The Ninth Kegiment left Concord for Washington on the 25th of August, 1862, and was soon encamped at Arlington Heights. This was among the darkest days of the rebellion, when General Pope s broken and dis pirited troops were falling back upon the national capi tal. Lee had invaded Maryland and was marching on Harrisburg. All available troops were being brought into the field, and the Ninth left camp on the 6th of September to join the armies reunited under McClellan, and already mov ing to oppose the progress of Lee. The regiment was assigned to the First Brigade, Second Division, Ninth Corps, Colonel James Nagle, of the Forty-eighth Penn sylvania, commanding the brigade, which was then on the march, and which was overtaken by the Ninth at the Monocacy river, on the 13th of September. BATTLE OF SOUTH MOUNTAIN. About noon on the 14th of September the Ninth Regi ment was ordered into the field for its first battle, which had already commenced at South Mountain. The ene my occupied the crest of the mountain, the sides of which were steep and rugged, covered with wood and NINTH REGIMENT. 409 underbrush. The Ninth was formed in line of battle, about half way up the mountain, and was ordered to charge, by Colonel Fellows, which they did in the most gallant style. The rebels opened upon them from above, but most of the bullets passed over their heads. A cross fire from a rebel battery caused some confusion in the line, but did not stop its progress. The enemy hastily retreated, leaving the summit of the mountain in the hands of the Ninth and their comrades. For its gallantry the regiment was complimented by Colonel Nagle, commanding the brigade, and General Reno, commanding the corps. The regiment suffered a loss of twenty-five men wounded, two of whom subsequently died. BATTLE OF ANTIETAM. On the morning of the 17th of September the Ninth Regiment moved on to the battle ground of Antietam, and took position with the Ninth Corps, on the left of the army, opposite the famous stone bridge over Antie tam Creek. The enemy was formidably posted on the opposite side, on a high, steep bank, heavily wooded, and presenting a discouraging obstacle to an advance. The lines were formed along the banks of the stream, at a distance of little more than two rods apart. For two hours each side poured into the other an incessant fire of musketry, the enemy having the advantage in position, being considerably higher than the Union lines, and partly protected by rude earth works. During this terrific fire Lieut. Colonel Titus was wounded, while himself using a rifle. Colonel Fellows was the only field officer left Major Everett not yet having joined the regiment. The Ninth behaved admirably during the fight and in the fierce contest which ensued in the passage of the bridge, not a man left the ranks except he was ordered away with some wounded comrade. 410 THE GREAT REBELLION. The bridge was finally carried by storm, and the Ninth was one of the first regiments over, climbing the oppo site slope under a murderous artillery fire. The enemy was forced back, and night came on with a substantial victory for the Union arms. The Ninth lost in the engagement ten men killed and eighty wounded. Among the wounded, besides Lieut. Colonel Titus, were Captains Cooper and Whitfield. For a regiment not yet a month old, and with only the discipline and drill of an active campaign, amid the smoke and confusion of the battle field, the conduct of the Ninth deserved and received special commendation. On the 1st of October the brigade moved to Pleasant Valley and went into camp. On the 26th the army commenced its pursuit of Lee. Major Everett joined the regiment soon after the battle of Antietam. On the 17th of November, while at "Warrenton, Colonel Fellows resigned, on account of impaired health, and on the 22d Lieut. Colonel Titus was commissioned Colonel, and Captain John "W. Babbitt, of Company I, was promoted to Lieut. Colonel. When General Burn side assumed command of the army of the Potomac, the Ninth Corps was placed in command of General "Wilcox, and was assigned to the right grand division under General S umner. The division to which thei Ninth belonged was commanded by General Sturgis. General Sumner was the first to reach the Rappahannock, and encamped to the north and east of Falmouth, where the Ninth Regiment was engaged in camp duties until the BATTLE OF FREDERICKSBURG. On the 12th of December the Ninth Regiment crossed the Rappahannock and remained in the streets of Fred- ericksburg all that day and the succeeding night. Early the next morning heavy firing commenced, and the NINTH REGIMENT. 411 regiment was put under arms, and so continued until one o clock in the afternoon, when the brigade was ordered into the fight, a single regiment at a time. Tl.e Ninth moved to the left and rear of the city, and swing ing to the right, advanced along the open field toward the railroad, which having crossed, it came under a galling fire of artillery. Here they advanced at a double quick, the fire increasing each moment until they came to a deep cut, through which ran a carriage road, the sides being fifteen feet high, and nearly perpendicu lar. Into this cut they rushed, when Lieutenant Lewis was hit by a piece of bursting shell, and fell head long down the embankment a corpse. Two pieces of rebel artillery enfiladed the road, and poured into the men crowded into these narrow limits a murderous fire of shell and canister. Many of the oificers and men, with great courage, made their way to the summit of the embankment, and pulled those more heavily laden up after them. Here the same murderous fire from the front, increased by volleys of musketry, met them full in the face. There was, however, no stop, and, swinging to the left, the Ninth advanced across an open field, every foot of which was exposed to the fire of the rebel artillery, and was already thickly strewn with dead and wounded, the Ninth adding its quota to the ghastly scene. In crossing fences and ditches the companies got somewhat separated from each other. The color- bearer was mortally wounded, and several of the color- guard had been killed or disabled. When Sergeant Dinsmore, who carried the national colors, fell mortally wounded, Lieut. C. D. Copp, of Company C, caught them up, and, advancing to the front, waved them, ex claiming, " Hurrah, boys! Come on!" maintaining his position until the front line was reached. Here the men, sheltering themselves as much as possible behind knolls, embankments and stone walls, kept up a nearly 412 THE GREAT REBELLION. fruitless fire on the impregnable position of the enemy until after dark, when it was withdrawn* to the city, and recrossed the river with the rest of the corps and went into camp on its old ground. The Ninth was com manded in this battle by Lieut. Colonel Babbitt. The loss of the regiment was four killed and eighty-two wounded. Lieut. Lewis was among the killed, and Captain A. S. Edgerly and Lieut. Charles A. Harndon were of the wounded. The Ninth Regiment remained in camp opposite Fredericksburg until the fore part of February, 1863, w T hen with its Corps it was ordered to Newport News, and from thence on the 25th of March embarked for Baltimore, on its way to Lexington, Kentucky, where it arrived on the 31st. The brigade was broken up and the regiments were scattered about the State for the purpose of fostering the Union sentiment and dis couraging the appearance of disloyalty. The Ninth was in the Blue Grass region, where provisions were abundant and cheap, and the men lived upon the fat of the land. On the 2d of May the Ninth marched to Paint Lick, where it joined the rest of the brigade, which was soon ordered to join General Grant s force which was besieging Yicksburg, where they arrived about the middle of June. General Johnston s army was approaching from the east and threatening Grant s rear. To meet the emergency the Ninth Corps was, two days after its arrival, embarked on boats and sent up the Mississippi to the Yazoo, and up that river to Milldale, a mile or two from Haines Bluff, where a line of defense was taken up, stretching from the Yazoo on the north to the Big Black on the south. Timber was slashed and batteries were erected along the line, and the approach of Johnston to the relief of Yicksburg was thus effectually cut off. Here the men were sub- NINTH REGIMENT. 413 jected to the severest toil, many privations and a most unhealthy climate. Vicksburg surrendered on the 4th of July, and Johns ton began to retreat, with the Ninth Corps in hot pursuit. On the 5th General Sherman came up with the Fourteenth Corps, and assumed command of the whole force engaged in the chase. Johnston made a stand at Jackson, and awaited the arrival of Sherman. On the night of the 13th, Captain Alexander, of Com pany B, who had posted his men on the picket line and was attempting to pass back in the intense darkness, along the line, was shot by his own men, who had been ordered to fire upon any object approaching from that direction. Captain Alexander died in consequence on the 23d. Two or three hours later a party of rebels, who knew the ground perfectly, crept stealthily upon that portion of the line, and bayoneted private Dustin, of Company B, whose death-cry brought every man instantly to his feet. Others had hand to hand conflicts with their assailants, and one or two were wounded : but all stood their ground, and though they could only fire at random upon their unseen foe, the attack was repulsed and the line held. Preparations were made for storming the town, but Johnston retired to Meridian, and Sherman not thinking it expedient to follow him into the enemy s country, returned with his command to Milldale, about sixty miles. On the 10th of August the Ninth embarked and arrived at Covington, Kentucky, on the 21st. On the way Major Everett was taken sick and died soon after reaching Cincinnati. After four days passed at Coving- ton they removed to Camp Nelson, near Nicholasville. General Burnside had taken Knoxville, and the Ninth Corps was called upon by him to take part in the cam paign in East Tennessee, while the Ninth Regiment was sent to Paris to guard the railroad between Cincinnati 414 THE GREAT REBELLION. and Camp Nelson, being scattered along in detachments for a distance of twenty miles. The regiment was suffering extremely from disease occasioned by the miasma of the Yazoo swamps, so that the monthly returns for August showed that out of three hundred and six present, one hundred and forty-three were on the sick list, while most of the officers were at home on sick leave. Though the men had the best of care and hospital accommodations, it was many weeks before they fully recovered from the effects of the disease contracted on the Yazoo. During the month of December a large number of recruits joined the regiment, most of whom were a disgrace to the service. The whole number assigned to the Ninth during 1863 and 1864, was eight hundred and twenty-eight, and of these four hundred and forty- four either never reached their command, or deserted very soon afterward, while of those who remained many were worthless, from various causes. The regiment, by its good conduct won the confidence and esteem of the people, who expressed their regret when it was removed. The Ninth was relieved from duty on the railroad on the 15th of January, 1864, and soon after proceeded to Cumberland river, arriving at Camp Burnside, at the head of steamboat navigation, on the 30th, where a force was needed to protect the supplies for the army in East Tennessee, which were sent forward to Knoxville by way of Cumberland Gap, by large trains of pack mules. Soon guerillas began to be troublesome in the mountain districts, and the Ninth New Hampshire Regi ment and First Ohio Artillery were ordered to proceed to Knoxville, by different routes the latter to do duty in the town and the former to rejoin the Ninth Corps. The march was one of extreme hardship and privation, the men suffering as none others suffered, perhaps, NINTH REGIMENT. 415 except in East Tennessee. They reached Knoxville on the 17th of March, and joined the Ninth Corps. On the 21st the Corps started for central Kentucky, and the regiment re-crossed the Cumberland Mountains by a new route, and came out at Camp Burnside on the 27th, and four days later reached Nicholasville again. The Ninth was ordered to Annapolis, Md., where it arrived on the 5th of April, and was placed in the Second Brigade of the Second Division, with the Sixth and Eleventh New Hampshire, under the command of Colonel S. G. Griffin, of the former regiment. Here convalescents and recruits arrived sufficient to swell the number of men present for duty to five hundred and twenty-eight. The brigade to which the Ninth belonged crossed the Rappahannock and joined the Army of the Potomac on the 4th of May. At the battle of the Wilderness, on the 6th of May, Captain Augustus S. Edgerly, of Company C, who was serving on the staff of Colonel Griffin, was killed. The division moved to Fredericksburg, on the 9th, and bivouacked just inside the works surrounding the city. Here Colonel Titus was carried to the hospital, sick with a fever, and the command of the regiment devolved upon Major Chandler. BATTLE OF SPOTTSYLVANIA. At daybreak on the 12th of May a grand charge was ordered along the whole line, the signal for which was to be the opening of the artillery. The Ninth Regiment numbered about five hundred muskets, and never in better discipline, was stationed on the extreme right of the Ninth Corps. The brigade moved forward in line of battle, preceded by the skirmishers, Companies I and G, which, commanded by Captain Hough, and Lieuts. Rice and Sylvester, in their progress captured 416 THE GREAT REBELLION. about fifty of the enemy s skirmishers. In moving through a dense pine forest the Ninth, though preserving its line as well as possible, got partially separated from the rest of the brigade, and gained the open field in front considerably in advance of them. The Second Corps was immediately on the right, and had charged a little in advance of the Mnth. They had already reached the rebel works, taken possession of the first line, with a large number of prisoners, and were now being hard pressed by a counter march on the part of the rebels. As the Nmth issued from the woods with the remainder of the brigade, the second Corps set up a loud cheer at the sight of reinforcements. A shower of bullets from the rebels greeted their appearance, but they were so widely aimed that few took effect. The brigade moved steadily forward and down the intervening slope, over fallen trees and piles of brush, toward the enemy, concealed by a dense fog which covered the field, but who were pouring forth in dense masses to meet the impending assault. At this junc ture an officer of the Second Corps rode up, shouting, " Colonel, or whoever commands that battalion, for God s sake change front, for they are coming in on my left ! " In another moment he fell from his horse pierced by a rebel bullet. Major Chandler gave the necessary order and the regiment commenced the move ment, when the rebel bullets began to take effect. A series of light outer works, from which the rebel pickets had retired was soon reached, when the command was given to halt and fire. At the first volley many of the pieces were so damp that they missed fire, while others were so damaged that the cartridges barely ignited sufficiently to empty the barrels. The fire of the enemy increased to a continued roar, who emerged from the fog directly in front and to the left of the Mnth, at a distance of scarcely a hundred paces, and advancing NINTH REGIMENT. 417 in three lines of battle. A conflict more terrible, and a slaughter more destructive than any in which the regiment had ever engaged, now ensued. The two lines advanced so closely together that their rifles flashed in each other s faces. The left was separated from the rest of the brigade, and was wholly unprotected. The enemy were rapidly swinging round into the rear, and the only alternative was to fall back while the way was yet open ; and rallying around the colors, already pierced by a score of bullets, the regiment fell back to the woods, leaving the dead and wounded on the O field. While falling back the color-bearer was wounded, and Corporal Parsons, of Company E, seizing the national colors, bravely shouted to the men to rally around and protect them. Major Chandler was wounded, and would have fallen into the hands of the enemy had not some of the men taken him in a blanket and borne him from the field. The woods gained, the remnant of the battalion was reorganized and took position with the brigade in the line, which was successfully held against the enemy during the day. Captain Smith was killed; Lieut. Colonel Babbitt, who was temporarily in command of the Thirty-second Maine, was wounded ; Lieut. Sylvester was wounded mortally ; Major Chandler seriously, and Lieut. Wilcox was captured. Forty-two enlisted men were killed out right, ninety-four were wounded, and seventy were missing. The latter were nearly all wounded, and in the hands of the enemy. The fight was short, but the most severe one in which the Mnth Regiment was engaged. On the 18th another advance was ordered, in which the Ninth, with other regiments, was used as support. It was exposed to a severe artillery fire, during which Captain Stone, who was in command of the regiment, was mortally wounded. The command then devolved 418 THE GREAT REBELLION. upon Captain Buswell. The regiment lost, besides Captain Stone, two men killed and seventy-six more or less wounded. At Ptolopotamy Creek, on the 28th in a skirmish with the enemy, the regiment lost one man killed and sixteen wounded. At Cold Harbor, on the 3d of June, the Ninth supported a battery, and suffered a loss of only one or two men wounded. On the 16th of June, after a march of thirty miles, the Ninth with its brigade arrived in the vicinity of Petersburg, and during the night, in which it was en gaged in a smart skirmish with the enemy, several men were w r ounded. The next day the regiment had fifteen men wounded out of the hundred and twenty-five to which its effective strength had been reduced. The next two months the Ninth spent in the trenches before Petersburg, participating with the other troops in the hardships of the siege. On the 3d of July Captain Little was badly, and on the 22d Captain Buswell mortally wounded by stray shots from the enemy. In the battle of the " Mine," on the 30th of July, the Ninth bore a prominent part. Its position was in the first line of the division, just in front of the rebel fort, where the troops were massed for the assault. At the instant of the explosion it sprang forward, and was the first to plant its colors on the ruined work. In the fierce conflict that ensued for the possession of what had been gained, the regiment was conspicuous. Twice its colors fell, but they were quickly raised again. Ser geant Wilkins re-captured the flag of the Twenty-first Massachusetts, which had been taken, and afterward received a medal from the War Department in ac knowledgment of his gallantry. Lieut. Simons, then a sergeant, pushed far ahead of his regiment, and found himself surrounded but refused to surrender. He shot one man, buy<victed another, was knocked down with the butend of a musket, was helped into a bomb-proof NINTH REGIMENT. 419 where were five North Carolinians, all of whom he cap- tured and "brought into the Union lines in triumph. Captain Hough, who commanded the regiment was frightfully wounded, taken prisoner, but was subse quently exchanged. In the retreat which followed Lieut. Sampson was killed, Lieuts. Green and Cheney were wounded, and Lieut. Drew was captured. Besides these the regiment lost in killed, wounded and missing, ninety- two, or about one-half the number engaged. On the 30th of September, at Poplar Grove Church, the Ninth Regiment was again engaged, but from the superior force of the enemy was obliged to retreat to save itself from capture a fate which all did not escape. Lieuts. Rice and Emery, the latter, at the time, on Gen eral Griffin s staff, were killed, Lieut. Allen was wound ed, and Lieut. Quimby captured. One hundred and twenty enlisted men were killed, wounded or missing. The color-bearer, Corporal Brown, who showed signal bravery at the battle of the " Mine," was captured, though not till he had stripped the colors from the staff and torn them into shreds. The regiment rested until the 27th of October, when it participated in the movement on Hatcher s Run, but were riot actively engaged. On the 5th of November Colonel Titus returned to the regiment ; on the 8th the men voted for President ; on the 24th they celebrated Thanksgiving, a bountiful dinner having been sent them from home ; on the 29th the Corps was moved to the Jerusalem Plank Road, and the Ninth was stationed in the rear of Fort Alexander Hayes, where they passed an agreeable winter. During the winter Colonel Titus was much of the time in command of the brigade, and the command of the regiment devolved on Captain Cooper. The Ninth took no active part in the battles in the month of April, 1865, which sealed the fate of the Con- 420 THE ORE AT REBELLION. federacy, being a part of the force left to hold the lines in front of the city of Petersburg, while* the final flank movement of the Army of the Potomac was being made on the left. The Ninth, with two other regiments, was detailed on the 6th to guard E well s army, to the num ber of eight thousand men, which had been captured two days before. The regiment embarked for Alexan dria, which place it reached on the 27th, and remained there about a month. It participated in the grand review of the army at Washington on the 23d of May. All the recruits of the Ninth were transferred to the Sixth New Hampshire Regiment. The Ninth was mus tered out of the United" States service on the 10th of June, the next day started for home, and on the 14th Colonel Titus returned the colors to the Governor at the State House, the men deposited their arms at the mili tary depot, the regiment was discharged and paid, leaving an imperishable record upon the roll of fame. TENTH REGIMENT. TENTH REGIMENT. The Tenth Regiment was raised under a call in July, 1862, from the War Department for three hundred thousand three years troops. The State bounty of fifty dollars was continued to all new recruits, and towns, to avoid the impending draft, voted liberal bounties to their citizens who would enlist and be counted on their respective quotas. Capt. Michael T. Donohoe, of the Third Regiment, was appointed Colonel and John Coughlin, of Manchester, was commissioned Lieut. Colonel. Both these gentlemen, with other officers appointed for the regiment, commenced the work of enlisting men, about the middle of July. These gentle men appealed to the patriotism of the people, stating the necessities of the country in eloquent terms, and called upon their fellow countrymen to fill the ranks of the Tenth Regiment without delay, and defend the flag of their adopted country. The camp was established at Manchester, which city furnished the largest part of six companies. The men began to arrive at the rendezvous on the 20th of August, and on the 5th of September the organization of the regiment was completed, and it was mustered into the United States service, numbering nine hundred and twenty-eight officers and men. The following were the field, staff and line officers, with their official record, during the whole term of service of the regiment : FIELD AND STAFF OFFICERS. COLONEL Michael T. Donohoe, of Manchester. Wounded slightly Sept, 29, 1864. Discharged for disabilty Jan. 18, 1865. discharge revoked by Special Orders No. 100, War Department, A. G. Office, 422 THE GREAT REBELLION. Feb. 28, 1865. Appointed BHgadier General U. S. V., by brevet, for gallant conduct in the field, to date from March 13, 1865. Mustered out as Colonel June 21, 1865. Lieut. Colonel John Coughlin, of Manchester. Appointed Colonel U. S. V., by brevet, for gallant conduct in the field, to date from April 9, 1865. Mustered out as Lieut. Colonel June 21, 1865. Majors Jesse F. Angell, of Manchester. Wounded severely May 13,^1864. Discharged on account of wounds, Oct. 19, 1864. Timothy B. Growl ey, of Nashua. Mustered out June 21, 1865. Adjutants William H. D. Cochrane, of Goffstown. Resigned April 15, 1863 Joseph J. Donohoe, of Manchester. Wounded severely June 3, 1863. Cashiered April 28, 1865 David A. Worthley, of Goffstown. Mustered out June 21, 1865 Quartermasters Thomas Sullivan, of Nashua. Dismissed Nov. 22, 1862. Foster Kimhall, of Manchester. Discharged for disability Nov. 26, 1864. Discharge revoked by Special Orders No. 39, War Department, A. G. Office, Jan. 25, 1865. Mustered out June 21, 1865. Surgeons John Ferguson, of Manchester. Resigned Aug. 15, 1863. Horatio N". Small. Mustered out June 21, 1865. Assistant Surgeons Henry J. Harwood, of Salem. Died of disease, at Suffolk, Va., March 17, 1863. Thomas R. Clement, of Mason. Honorably discharged Sept. 17, 1864. John Haynes, of Londonderry. Resigned July 30, 1863. William K Wilkins, of Bedford. Resigned July 21, 1864. Albert Plummer, of Auburn. Mustered out June 21, 1865. Sergeant Majors Ichabod S. Bartlett, of Manchester. Promoted to Second Lieut. Nov. 24, 1862. Frank H. Swett, of Andover. Promoted to Second Lieut. Dec. 1, 1868. David A. Worthley, of Goffstown. Promoted to First Lieut. Nov. 20, 1864. B. Stowe Laskey, of Portsmouth. Mustered out June 21, 1865. TENTH REGIMENT. 423 Quartermaster Sergeants Myles McSweeney. Appointed Hospital Steward Nov. 10, 1862. Alfred G. Simons, of Manchester. Promoted to Second Lieut. Jan. 20, 1864 James B. T. Baker of Manchester. Mustered out June 21, 1865 Commissary Sergeants Richard TI. Short. Promoted to Second Lieut. March 23, 1863 James McLaughlin. Mustered out June 21, 1865. Hospital Stewards Timothy Cahill. Discharged for disability Nov. 10, 1862. Myles McSweeney. Discharged at Lady s Home Hospital, New York, Nov. 29, 1864. Albert Plummer, of Auburn. Promoted to Ass t Surgeon Jan. 4, 1865. George 11. Aiken. Mustered out June 21, 1865. Principal Musicians J. W. Batchelder, of Manchester. Mustered out June 21, 1865. George H. Minard. Mustered out June 21, 1865. COMPANY OFFICERS. Co. A. Captains John M. Caswell, of Manchester. Killed at Chapin s Farm, Va., Sept. 30, 1864. Lawrence F. Larkin, of Manchester. Mustered out June 21, 1865. First Lieuts. Thos. C. Trumbull, of Manchester. Promoted to Captain Jan 12, 1863. Andrew W. Doe, of Manchester. Wounded severely May 12, 1864. Killed near Petersburg, Va., Aug. 22, 1864. David A. "Worthley, of Goffstown. Promoted to Adjutant May 19, 1865. Second Lieuts. Alonzo L. Day, of Manchester. Transferred to Co. D. John A. Eaton, of Bedford. Promoted to First Lieut. Jan. 1, 1864. Isaac C. Richardson, of Nashua. Promoted to First Lieut. Feb. 23, 1865. Co. B. Captain Timothy B. Crowley, of Nashua. Wounded severely Oct. 27, 1864. Promoted to Major Nov. 23, 1864. 424 THE GREAT REBELLION. First Lieuts. George Edgcomh, of Nashua. Transferred to Co. C, Jan. 1 0^1863. Resigned Aug. 6, 1863. Michael Moran, of Nashua. Resigned May 13, 1863. Michael F. Corcoran, of Manchester. Transferred to Co. F. Promoted to Captain July 13, 1864. John B. Sargent, of Manchester. Promoted to Captain May 15, 1865. Second Lieuts. Michael Moran, of Nashua. Promoted to First Lieut. Jan. 10, 1863. Richard II. Short. Dismissed Jan. 14, 1864. John B. Sargent, of Manchester. Promoted to First Lieut. July 13, 1864. J . C. Captains Cornelius W. Strain, of Manchester. Honorably discharged Sept. 19, 1864. George H. L. Head, of Hooksett. Mustered out June 21, 1865. First Lieuts. James "Welch, of Raymond. Resigned Jan. 19, 1863. John C. Keenan, of Concord. Promoted to Captain July 13, 1863. Henry H. Emerson, of Dover. Killed at Fair Oaks, Va., Oct. 27, 1864. George W. Littlefield, of Dover. Mustered out June 21, 1865. Second Lieuts. M. T. H. Maguire, of Manchester. Transferred to Co. K, Jan. 19, 1863. Andrew "W. Doe, of Manchester. Promoted to First Lieut. April 3, 1863. Cornelius Donohoe, of Manchester. Transferred to Co. F. Henry H. Emerson, of Dover. Transferred to Co. H. Wounded slightly May 13, 1864. Promoted to First Lieut. July 13, 1864. William H. H. Black. Killed at Chapin s Farm, Va., Sept. 29, 1864. Co. D. Captains "Warren M. Kelley, of Hooksett. Mustered out June 21, 1865. First Lieuts. Charles Johnson, of Manchester. Resigned July 29, 1863. John A. Eaton, of Bradford. Wounded May 9, 1864. Died of wounds May 27, 1864. TENTH REGIMENT. 425 Frank H. Swett, of Andover. Honorably discharged Oct. 29, 1864. Second Lieuts. Chas. H. Gardner, of Manchester. Promoted to First Lieut. Jan. 18, 1863. James A. Sanborn, of Portsmouth. Promoted to First Lieut. Nov. 4, 1863. Daniel "W. Russell, of Nashua, Killed in action June 2, 1864. Co. E. Captains Aldrich B. Cook, of Andover. Resigned Jan. 9, 1863 Thomas C. Trumbull, of Manchester. Dismissed March 30, 1864. James A. Sanborn, of Portsmouth. Mustered out June 21, 1865. First Lieuts. Wm. H. D. Cochrane, of Goffstown. Appointed Adjutant Jan 1, 1863. Charlton W. Wooclbury, of Wilmot. Promoted to First Lieut. Jan. 11, 1863. James A. Sanborn, of Portsmouth. Promoted to Captain Nov. 23, 1864. Samuel L. Mitchell. Mustered out June 21, 1865. Second Lieuts. C. W. Woodbury, of TVilmot. Promoted to First Lieut. Jan. 11, 1863. George A. Chase, of Andover. Promoted to First Lieut. June 9, 1863. Samuel L. Mitchell. Mustered out June 21, 1865. Co. F. Captains John L. O Brien, of Manchester. Wounded slightly June 3, 1864. Dismissed Feb. 9, 1865 George "W. Chase, of Andover. Mustered out June 21, 1865. First Lieuts. John Faxon, of Walpole. Honorably discharged July 3, 1864. Gilbert A. Tucker, of Andover. Mustered out June 21, 1865. Second Lieuts. John C. Keen an, of Concord. Promoted to First Lieut. May 20, 1863. Cornelius Donohoe, of Manchester. Dismissed Nov. 23, 1863. Frank H. Swett, of Andover. Promoted to First Lieut. July 13, 1864 426 THE GREAT REBELLION. John P. O Brien. Not mustered. Captured at Fair Oaks, Va., Oct. 27, 1864. Paroled. Pro moted to First Lieut. Nov. 23, 1864. n G-. Captains George W. Towle, of Portsmouth. Mustered out June 21, 1865 First Lieuts. Geo. E. Hodgdon, of Portsmouth. Resigned Feb. 14, 1863 Simon R. Marston, of Portsmouth. Promoted to Paymaster U. S. Army, April 3, 1863. George H. L. Head, of Hooksett. Promoted to Captain Nov. 23, 1864. Second Lieuts. S. R. Marston, of Portsmouth. Promoted to First Lieut. Feb. 15, 1864. Alonzo L. Day, of Manchester. Honorably discharged April 21, 1864. Charles H. Hoyt. Wounded May 14, 1864. Died of wounds June 27, 1864. Co H Captains George H. Hubhard, of Manchester. Resigned June 9, 1863. Patrick Doyle, of Manchester. Wounded severely October 27, 1864. Mustered out June 21, 1865. First Lieuts. Foster Kimball, of Manchester. Promoted to Quartermaster Nov. 22, 1862. Charles H. Gardner, of Manchester. Resigned March 17, 1863. George W. Chase, of Andover. Transferred to Co. K. Promoted to Captain Feb. 9, 1865. Morris Mathon, of Hooksett. Mustered out June 21, 1865. Second Lieuts. John Hubbard, of New Ipswich. Promoted to First Lieut. Nov. 24, 1862. Ichabod S. Bartlett, of Manchester. Resigned Jan. 1, 1863. Alfred G. Simons, of Manchester. Promoted to First Lieut. June 1, 1865. Co. I. Captains Darius G. Ilarriman, of Farmington. Dishonorably discharged Jan. 16, 1863. John Hubbard of New Ipswich. Dishonorably discharged May 20, 1864. Michael F. Corcoran, of Manchester. Captured at Fair Oaks, Va., Oct. 27, 1864. Exchanged. Mustered out June 21, 1865. First Lieuts. Richard Cody, of Dover. Resigned Nov. 15, 1862. TENTH REGIMENT. 427 John Hubbard, of New Ipswich. Promoted to Captain Jan. 17, 18G3. James Knott, of Dover. Promoted to First Lieut. Jan. 17, 1863. Killed at Cold Harbor, Va., June 3, 1864. William P. Williams, of Concord. Commission revoked. Dismissed for desertion as Second Lieut. Aug. 3, 1864. Second Lieuts. James Knott, of Dover. Promoted to First Lieut. Jan. 17, 1863. William P. Williams, of Concord. Wounded slightly July 3, 1864. Promoted to First Lieut. July 13, 1864. Co. K. Captains James Madden, of Manchester. Killed in action June 16, 1864. John Keenan, of Concord. Captured at Fair Oaks, Va., Oct. 27, 1864. Exchanged. Mustered out June 21, 1865. First Lieuts. Patrick Doyle, of Manchester. Promoted to Captain June 9, 1863. Michael T. H. Maguire, of Manchester. Transferred to Co. G. Dismissed Jan. 5, 1864. Lawrence F. Larkin, of Manchester. Wounded severely May 9, 1864. Wounded severely Oct. 27, 1864. Pro moted to Captain Nov. 23, 1864. Isaac C. Richardson, of Nashua. Mustered out June 21, 1865. Second Lieut. L. F. Larkin of Manchester. Promoted to First Lieut. Jan. 10, 1864. GENERAL MICHAEL T. DONOHOE. General Donohoe was born at Lowell, Mass., Nov. 22, 1838. He was educated at the Lowell schools and at the College of the Holy Cross, Worcester, Mass. At the outbreak of the rebellion he was engaged in business at Manchester, where he had great influence with the Irish population. When the Third Regiment was called for he enlisted a full company, and went with it to Con cord, early in August, 1861. This company w^as lettered C, and he was commissioned Captain of it. He went with the regiment to the field, and participated in nearly all its marches and battles, showing much true patri otism and valor on all occasions, and was often com mended for his conduct as an officer. 428 THE GREAT REBELLION. "WTien in the summer of 1862 three htmdred thousand troops were called for by the President, to meet the emergency in which the country was placed by the defeats of the Union army, it was determined by the Governor and Council to raise an Irish regiment in this State, and it was designated the Tenth Infantry. Cap tain Donohoe, who had distinguished himself as an officer in the Third Regiment, was offered the command of the Tenth, and signified his willingness to accept the responsible position. He was commissioned Colonel on the 6th of August, 1862, and soon came home and assumed the duties. Colonel Donohoe, Lieut. Colonel Coughlin, also of Manchester, and others who had been commissioned in the Tenth Regiment, addressed meet ings of citizens in that city and other places, appealing especially to their fellow countrymen, and very soon secured the requisite number of men Manchester furnishing the larger part of six companies. The regi ment was fully organized, mustered into the United States service, and left the State for the seat of war in September but little more than a month after Colonel Donohoe received his commission. He went with his regiment to the field, and its history, with that of the Third, go far toward making up Colonel Donohoe s personal military record. In the summer of 1863, and during much of the time afterward, until the close of the war, Colonel Donohoe was in command of his brigade. He was wounded severely on the 29th of September, 1864, when in command of the skirmish line in the assault on Fort Harrison. Early in the day his horse was shot under him. He showed great coolness and bravery until wounded late in the day. He was appointed Brigadier General United States Volunteers, by brevet, for gallant conduct in the field, to date from March 13, 1865. His regiment was among the first to enter the city of Rich- TENTH REGIMENT. 429 mond, on the 3d of April, 1865. Three months and a half afterward the Tenth, Twelfth and Thirteenth ^ew Hampshire Regiments were mustered out of the service, formed a brigade, and came home under command of Brevet Brigadier General Donohoe. Soon after the close of the war General Donohoe was appointed to a responsible position on the Concord Rail road. In 1869 he was nominated by the Democratic party as their candidate for one of the board of Railroad Commissioners, and was re-nominated in 1870. He is a gentleman of ability and influence, and enjoys the respect of a large circle of acquaintances. The Tenth Regiment left camp at Manchester on the 22d of September, 1862, and after a journey interspersed with pleasurable incidents and painful accidents, arrived at Washington on the 25th. At Worcester, Mass., the citizens gave the regiment a bountiful collation, and at Philadelphia they met with an enthusiastic reception and partook of a nice supper at the famous and never to be forgotten Cooper Refreshment Saloon. Between Philadelphia and Baltimore one of the cars ran off the track and private John Cole, of Company K, was thrown from the train and killed. Between Baltimore and Washington the train on which the Tenth was embarked collided with another train from Washington, crushing several of the cars and injuring a number of the men some fatally. The engineer of the colliding train was suspected of having been the wanton cause of the dis aster, which enraged the soldiers, who were with diffi culty restrained from shooting him on the spot. He was finally sent to Baltimore under arrest. On the 30th of September the regiment embarked on cars and proceeded to Frederick City, Md., where it remained until the 4th of October, When it moved to Sandy Hook, opposite Harper s Ferry, and went into 430 THE GREAT REBELLION. camp on Maryland Heights. Two daj T s afterward the regiment moved over the mountains into Pleasant Valley, and was incorporated into the Army of the Potomac. It was assigned to the First Brigade, Third Division, Ninth Corps, the other regiments in the bri gade being the Ninth, Eighty-ninth, and Hundred and Third New York. The last of October the Army of the Potomac moved. The Ninth Corps crossed the mountains, through Knox- ville, and thence to Wheatland and Gaskin s Mills, where a halt of about a week was made. On the 15th the march was again resumed, and while a part of the Ninth Corps was crossing the north fork of the Rappa- hannock the rebel General Early made an attempt to cut off one of the wagon trains, when a short artillery engagement ensued, during which the Tenth was placed in support of one of the batteries. This was its first experience under fire. The corps passed Warrenton Junction, Bealton, Elk Run, Hartwood Church, arriving at Falmouth on the 19th, where the regiment passed a most uncomfortable night in the mud and water, which did not admit of laying down or sleeping. The Tenth participated in the disastrous battle of Fredericksburg. At daylight on the morning of the 13th of December, Colonel Donohoe was ordered to take his regiment to the front, where it relieved Haw- kins Zouaves, then on picket. Five companies were thrown forward as skirmishers, under cover of a dense fog, which concealed their movements. At about eight o clock this cleared away before the rising sun, and revealed the close proximity of the men of the two con tending armies. The rebels opened with a hot musketry fire, to which the Tenth promptly replied. This opened the ball between the infantry on that part of the line. The remaining five companies were brought up as a support, and the line was ordered forward. The rebel TENTH REGIMENT. 431 skirmishers withdrew and the Tenth occupied the rail road. About this time the main attacking column issued from the city and advanced to the assault of Marye s Heights, when commenced a most terrific battle, the details of which are given in connection with other regiments. During the battle the Tenth bravely held its position, preventing the enemy from bringing down his light batteries on the flank and enfilading the assaulting lines. Just before dark the remainder of the brigade, which had thus far been held in reserve, near the river, was brought up, and with the Tenth, ordered in to make a last charge against that position where the regiment had all day long witnessed the slaughter of men who had been sacrificed in the futile attemps to carry it. The Kinth New York, whose position was on the right of the line, failed to come up, and to the Tenth ISTew Hampshire fell that place. Before the line was fairly ready for the assault, darkness began to cover the field, and amid the deepening gloom, ren dered still deeper by the smoke of battle which lowered over the scene, the brigade moved across the plain in good order, and the Tenth entered with spirit upon its first battle and first charge. Moving in quick time until they began to draw the fire of the enemy s bat teries, they then sprang forward at a double quick, cheering as they went. They struggled over fences, through a deep ditch, and coming upon the solid ground beyond, were met by the fierce discharge of thousands of rifles, and the bullets whistled over their heads and through their ranks, while the batteries increased their fire of grape and canister. On they went until in the gathering darkness the rebel muskets seemed to flash in their very faces. Regiments mingled together in confusion, and, unable to see or hear, the line became broken and disorganized, and they were forced to retire. A short distance to the rear the Tenth 432 THE GREAT REBELLION. and Thirteenth New Hampshire were re-formed, but the attack was not renewed, and the battle of Fred- ericksburg ended with a rebel victory. The dead of the New Hampshire regiments were found nearer the rebel lines than any other of the army. So uncertain was the aim of the rebels, that under all this terrible fire, both of musketry and artillery, the loss of the Tenth was only three officers wounded, and fifty enlist ed men killed and wounded. During the months of January and February, 1863, the health of the regiment was exceedingly bad, and for a long time there was an average of more than one death per day. On the 5th of February Colonel Dono- hoe started for home on a leave of absence, and the command of the regiment devolved on Lieut. Colonel Coughlin. On the 9th the Ninth Corps embarked and proceeded to Newport News. Company H was detailed as guard to the headquarters of General W. F. Smith, who was at that time in command of the corps. On the 25th a grand review was held by Major General Dix, then in command of the Department, in which the Tenth was conspicuous for its fine appearance and correct marching. On the 14th of March the Tenth sailed for Norfolk, and from there proceeded by rail to Suffolk, to reinforce the troops there who were threatened with an attack from the enemy. Three days after arrival Assistant Surgeon Hanvood died, after a sudden illness. He was very much respected and beloved by tlie men, and his death was felt to be a calamity to the regiment. Colo nel Donohoe returned and assumed command. On the 16th of April the Tenth, with three companies of the Thirteenth and a section of the Second Wisconsin Bat tery, the whole force commanded by Colonel Donohoe, proceeded down the river to Fort Connecticut. At night Colonel Donohoe, with a hundred and fifty men, TENTH REGIMENT. 433 made a reconnoissance across the river, which developed the enemy in heavy force. On the 19th all the compa nies not engaged on other duty, commanded by Captain George W. Towle, marched to Council s Landing on the Nansernond, and joined an expedition under Colonel Ward, of the Eighth Connecticut. The force crossed the river and captured a battery of light guns, two brass howitzers, and about two hundred prisoners. The next morning a portion of the Tenth advanced and dislodged some rebel sharpshooters from a cluster of buildings, burned the houses, and captured two prisoners. The place was evacuated the same afternoon, the retreat being covered by the Tenth, which lost several men captured. The expedition, having captured the guns and foiled the plans of the enemy, was considered a success. The siege of Suffolk continued about four weeks, and was a period of extremely hard work to the troops engaged; and when it was raised the entire army at that place was nearly worn out by the severity of its labors. On the 3d of May the rebels retreated across the Blackwater, closely followed by the Union forces, who captured many prisoners. A week later the Tenth and Thirteenth Regiments were again brought together in the same brigade. On the 13th the Tenth moved to Bowers Hill, eight miles, in the direction of Portsmouth, and was soon followed by all the troops, and Suffolk was abandoned. The division was under command of General Getty and marched to Portsmouth, from whence it embarked for Yorktown, where it remained until the 26th of June, when the Tenth embarked and sailed for White House Landing, on the Pamunkey, where it arrived on the evening of the same day. On the 7th of July, Colonel Donohoe, who had been in command of the brigade for some weeks, was relieved O by the return of Colonel Dutton, of the Twenty-first 434 THE GREAT REBELLION. Connecticut, the ranking Colonel, and the former was sent sick to Norfolk. On the 10th the division marched through Williamsburg, and arrived at Yorktown on the afternoon of the same day, where it rested until the 12th, when it marched to Hampton and embarked for Portsmouth, which place it had left twenty-one days before, and the Tenth found their tents still standing and the camp undisturbed. Their marches during this time had some of them been very severe, and the weather had been so hot that some of the men were sun-struck. About the middle of July General John G. Foster, a native of New Hampshire, assumed command of the Department. On the 30th the camp was removed to Julian s creek a tributary of the Elizabeth, where work on the fortifications was vigorously pressed for ward. In September General Nagle assumed command of the District, reviewed the Tenth Regiment and gave them much credit for good appearance and proficiency in drill. On the 21st of this month and on the 4th of October, three hundred and thirty-five recruits joined the regiment, nearly all of whom were substitutes. The work on the defenses was completed in November, and the winter was spent in perfecting the regiment in drill. On the 19th of March, 1864, the Tenth Regiment left its camp at Julian s creek and moved to Great Bridge, about fifteen miles ; and on the 19th of April moved from there and joined General Butler s forces at Yorktown, which was preparing for an advance up the James river. The regiment was assigned to the Second Brigade, First Division of the Eighteenth Corps the other regiments in the brigade being the One Hundred and Eighteenth New York, Eighth Con necticut, and Thirteenth New Hampshire. The division was commanded by General W. II. F. Brooks, and the brigade by General Hiram Burnham. TENTH REGIMENT. 435 On the 5th of May, just as the Army of the Potomac had left the Rapidan, and was fighting its way through the Wilderness, the army under General Butler started. The Tenth and Thirteenth New Hampshire embarked on board steamers and proceeded to Bermuda Hundred, where they arrived the same evening. The next day the troops advanced toward the Walthal Railroad, the Tenth heading the column of infantry. They had not pro ceeded far before the cavalry, who were in advance, received a volley from the rebel infantry, posted in a dense swamp, which caused them to fall back in some confusion. Heavy skirmishing ensued, the enemy re tiring slowly beyond the railroad. The Tenth kept up skirmishing in front, while a force was sent around to the right and succeeded, after considerable fighting, in gaining possession of the railroad. The regiment was under fire all day, and lost several men wounded. On the 9th another advance was made. The enemy was encountered at Arrow Hill and forced to retire near Swift creek. The enemy made an attack upon the Union forces after dark, but were met with such spirit as caused them to make a hasty and disorderly retreat. In this attack Lieut. John C. Eaton was mor tally, and Lieut. L. F. Larkin severely wounded. A few enlisted men were more or less wounded. Lieut. Eaton was wounded in the leg. He refused to submit to amputation, and died of the wound. The next day the regiment tore up the railroad and bent the rails, and then returned to camp. On the 13th the Tenth was again engaged at a place called the Half Way House, on the Richmond and Petersburg turnpike. Major Angell was placed in command of the skirmish line, and while pushing the skirmishers forward, at about eleven o clock at night, he was dangerously wounded. Lieut. H. J. Emerson and several enlisted men were wounded at the same time. In the morning 436 THE GREAT REBELLION. a charge was made along the whole line upon the rebel works, from which the enemy retreated. Sergeant Charles II. Hoyt, of Company C, who had been com missioned, though his commission had not reached the regiment, was mortally wounded, and died in field hospital. On the morning of the 16th, under cover of a dense fog, the enemy made a desperate attack upon the right of the Eighteenth Corps, which position was held by Gen eral Heckman s brigade, taking it entirely by surprise and capturing many prisoners, among whom was Gen eral Heckman himself. The rebels turned the flank of the corps, and swept every thing before them. When the enemy arrived within easy range, a well-directed volley was opened on them, which was rapidly followed up by continued streams of fire, mowing the rebels down by scores, until at last, with lines utterly broken up, they retired. They repeatedly renewed the attack, but were as often repulsed with terrible slaughter. They made charge after charge upon that portion of the line held by the Tenth and Thirteenth New Hampshire regi ments, but were each time driven back with heavy loss. A battery was finally brought up and an attempt made to shell them out, but it had fired hardly a dozen shots before the gunners were disabled by the New Hampshire boys, and the guns were silenced. Orders were sent to Lieut. Colonel Coughlin, commanding the Tenth, to withdraw his regiment. He replied that a brigade further to the left, in the woods, was in danger of being cut off, and asked permission to hold his position until it could be extricated, which was granted. Lieut. Colo nel Coughlin held the works for two hours, while the brigade in the woods was notified of their danger and marched out to the rear. The Tenth was retiring and was closely pressed by the enemy, when some of the men showed greater haste than was agreeable to the TENTH REGIMENT. 437 commanding officer, and he peremptorily ordered a halt, about-faced his command, carefully right-dressed it, and coolly gave the order to fix bayonets. In their surprise the rebels forgot to fire, and the com mand was quickly about-faced again, and double-quicked to the cover of the woods, before the enemy recovered sufficiently from his surprise to renew his fire. The Tenth rejoined its brigade and the whole force retired to Bermuda Hundred, three companies of the Tenth and one company from the Thirteenth holding the ene my in check during the retreat. The casualties in this affair, which is known as the battle of Drury s Bluff, were slight, owing to the fact that the regiment fought mostly under cover. The losses in the whole move ment were about fifty men killed and wounded. General Butler s army now took up its position on the line of the intrenchments extending from the James to the Appomattox, in front of and nearly parallel with which was the rebel line. Each line was constantly exposed to the fire of the other, and there were fre quent alarms along the picket line. On the 26th of May a reconnoissance in force was made beyond Port Wai thai, the Tenth forming a part of the support. Colonel Dutton, of the Twenty-first Connecticut, who commanded the brigade, was killed on the skirmish line. On the 31st of May the corps joined General Grant s army, which was face to face with the enemy at Cold Harbor. On the 1st of June the Tenth, though under fire and with the division charging the enemy, and driving them into their works, lost but one man killed and one wounded. Just before daylight the division moved near the enemy s works, and with plates, dippers and bayonets, the men dug for their protection a series of shallow rifle-pits, which were afterward made into a substantial line of works. When the rebels discovered this operation they opened fire, and many 438 THE GREAT REBELLION. of the men were wounded. Lieut. Daniel "W". Russell was shot through the head and instantly killed. He was a brave officer, and his loss was deeply mourned by the regiment. On the 3d of June occurred the sanguinary battle of Cold Harbor. The Tenth regiment was early and hotly engaged. It met the enemy s skirmishers and drove them at a double quick back to their rifle pits, and developing a line of heavy works nearly parallel to that occupied by the Union forces. With a spirited cheer they rushed on, met by the most fearful fire of artillery and musketry they had ever encountered. In less than five minutes ninety officers and men of the regiment had fallen ; yet the line pressed on, driving the rebels through their first line, and into a second. Taking position in the line abandoned by the enemy, the regi ment at once opened fire, and held their place during the day. A correspondent, describing the battle wrote : "Troops never stood under a more hellish fire than was poured upon the Tenth New Hampshire on this day. Half of the trees were cut down by shells, and, falling upon the dead and wounded, mangled their bodies in a horrid manner. The bark was peeled from the trees by bullets, and saplings, a few inches in diameter, by actual count, bore the marks of from fifty to a hundred bullets each. The bodies of the dead were used for breast works, arid whole platoons were swept away by the awful fire of grape and canister. Imagination stands appalled in the endeavor to paint the horrors of that day." Lieut, James Knott, of Company I, was killed, and Captain John L. O Brien, Adjutant J. J. Donohoe, and Lieut. William P. Williams were wounded. The regiment remained at the front, at Cold Harbor, until the 12th of June, losing men killed and wounded every day, when, with its corps it marched to White House, and next day embarked on transports for Ber- TENTH REGIMENT. 439 muda Hundred, and thence crossed the Appomattox and marched toward Petersburg. They encountered the enemy and drove them within a line of works which was gallantly charged and carried by the negro troops, and the rebels retired to their main line of defenses at Petersburg. In the afternoon the artillery opened upon the works a terrific fire, which was kept up about twenty minutes, when the assaulting column advanced, the Second Brigade being opposite Battery No. 5, as it was numbered by the rebels the Thirteenth New Hamp shire deployed as skirmishers. With the utmost gal lantry the skirmish line charged on the enemy s rifle- pits, and in an instant more were scaling the ramparts of the fort, and captured nearly every man and all the guns in it. The rebels who escaped retired toward Petersburg, the whole line falling into the hands of the Union forces. On the 16th, three companies of the Tenth were ordered to dislodge the rebels, who, during the night, had occupied a ravine near the captured works. The enemy opened a galling fire, and Captain James Madden, commanding the line, was killed with a bullet through the heart. He was a brave and noble officer, beloved and lamented by all. The ravine was carried by a furious charge, and many prisoners captured. The three com panies took fifty-four men into the fight, nine of whom were killed or wounded. The prisoners captured con siderably outnumbered the captors. The Eighteenth Corps returned to the defenses of Bermuda Hundred, and on the 21st again crossed the Appomattox, and took position in the trenches. On the 22d of August Lieut. Andrew "W. Doe was killed while on picket. On the 27th the corps was or dered to the defenses of Bermuda, and the Tenth wag placed on the extreme right, resting on James river. This was a comfortable, though an unhealthy, position, 440 THE GREAT REBELLION. and nearly every man was attacked with chills and fever. On the loth of September, Colonel Donohoe, after a protracted absence, returned to the regiment, and Lieut. Colonel Coughlin was assigned to the command of the Fifth Maryland Veteran Volunteers, and afterward to a provisional brigade of new troops from Pennsylvania ; and was subsequently Provost Marshal of the Depart ment of Virginia and North Carolina, including the Army of the James. FORT HARRISON. On the 28th of September the Army of the James marched to Aiken s Landing. About midnight the army crossed the river, the Tenth in advance, and before day light a skirmish line was formed of the Tenth and Hundred and Eighteenth N"ew York, and the advance was begun. At daylight the enemy s skirmishers were encountered and rapidly driven back. Colonel Donohoe, who commanded the skirmish line, had his horse shot under him. The enemy was driven three or four miles to the cover of his works on Chapin s Farm, where the main body of troops came up and formed in the edge of the wood for an assault upon Fort Harrison, a powerful work on the summit of a hill, three-quarters of a mile from the woods, the intervening slope being swept by the enemy s cannon. The First Division emerged from the woods and advancing toward the Fort, thirty pieces of Artillery opened on the columns, and rebel gunboats on the James threw their immense shells across its path. The division moved steadily on, and in quick time, the fast opening gaps quickly closed up, it marched well up to the fort, and, halting for a moment to gather for the blow, it sprang forward with defiant cheers, every step taken at the cost of scores of brave lives ; they gained the ditch, mounted the ramparts, and drove the enemy TENTH REGIMENT. 441 from his guns, which were at once turned to the destruc tion of those who had just used them with such deadly effect. All of the enemy s dead and wounded fell into the hands of the assilants, and many prisoners and guns were taken. General Burnham, commanding the brig ade, was killed while working some of the captured guns. Later in the day another fierce fight occurred, in which Colonel Donohoe was severely wounded. The next day the enemy opened on the fort from all sides, the gunhoats and mortar batteries joining in the bom bardment. This was followed by an attempt to storm the fort. The advance was to certain defeat and terrible slaughter. Dead and disabled rebels strewed the field. New and successive attempts were made to carry the works, followed by the same fearful carnage. Every advance was coolly repulsed, and the enemy abandoned the undertaking, how reluctantly. A skirmish line, com posed of troops from the Tenth and Thirteenth, sallied forth after the routed rebels, and brought in about five hundred prisoners. The victory was complete and im portant. The losses were far greater on the rebel than on the Union side. General Ord, commanding the corps, and General Stannard, commanding the division, were both wounded the latter losing an arm. Thus the Tenth had lost its corps, division and brigade command ers. Captain Caswell, who was in command of the regi ment after Colonel Donohoe was wounded, was killed. He was a most brave and noble officer. The entire loss of the regiment was thirty-four killed and wounded, out of less than two hundred taken into the fight. On the 25th of October the Eighteenth Corps moved across the country to the Williamsburg road the object being to turn the enemy s left. When near Fair Oaks the rebels came to a stand, and were driven by the skirmishers into their works. The Second Brigade, now reduced to about five hundred men, was ordered to 442 THE GREAT REBELLION. charge. It moved forward under the fire of artillery and musketry. It reached a position where to retreat or advance were alike impossible. Far from supports, and few to continue the assault, they were forced to lie down within a few yards of the enemy s works, and wait for darkness to cover their escape. The rebels, however, captured nearly the whole brigade before night came. Only two out of ten officers of the .Tenth escaped, and seventy-four men were killed, wounded, or captured. To prevent the colors from falling into the hands of the enemy they were taken from the staffs. The State flag was destroyed, and the stars and stripes were wrapped around the body of Sergeant John H. Durgin, who was afterward taken prisoner, and died at Salisbury, but the flag was never heard from. Lieut. Henry II. Emerson was killed; Captains John C. Kee- nan and M. F. Corcoran were captured, and Captains Crowley and Doyle, and Lieuts. Larkin, Mitchell and Tucker were wounded. Nearly all the men who were captured died in the rebel prison at Salisbury. The next morning the troops reached camp. They remained in the lines before Richmond all winter, employed in the usual duties of troops before the enemy. At the final advance on Richmond, in April, 1865, the Tenth was among the first to enter the city. It remained at Manchester, opposite Richmond, on provost guard duty, until about the 21st of June, when it was mustered out of the United States service and in com pany with the Twelfth and Thirteenth New Hampshire, forming a brigade, under command of Brevet Brigadier General Donohoe, it started for home, arriving in Bos ton on the 25th. At Nashua, Manchester and Concord the brigade was cordially received and handsomely entertained by the citizens. At Concord the men received their pay and final discharge. Many officers were detailed from this regiment for TENTH REGIMENT. 443 important and honorable staff and other duty, though the promotions from it were not so numerous as from some other ones which went from the State. The regi ment was largely composed of foreigners, who leave a record highly creditable for patriotism, bravery and good conduct; those who survive are entitled to the gratitude of the State and nation ; and its dead upon many hard fought fields, in rebel prisons, and in hos pitals, to an honorable record in the history of the great rebellion. 444 TEE GREAT REBELLION. ELEVENTH REGIMENT. The Eleventh Regiment was enlisted in August, and its muster into the United States service was completed early in September, 1862. It rendezvoused at Con cord. It was raised under the same call for troops as the Tenth, and the men composing it were paid the same bounties. The following were the officers of this regiment, with their official record, during the term of service : FIELD AND STAFF OFFICERS. COLONEL Walter Harriman, of Warner. Captured May 6, 1864. Exchanged Sept. 12, 1864. Appointed Brigadier General U. S. V., by brevet, for gallant conduct during the war, to date from March 13, 1865. Mustered out as Colonel June 4, 1865. Lieut. Colonels Moses N. Collins, of Exeter. Killed in action May 6, 1864. Leander W. Cogswell, of Henniker. Not mustered. Honorably discharged as Captain April 26, 1865. Majors Moses N. Collins, of Exeter. Promoted to Lieut. Colonel Sept. 9, 1862. Evarts W. Farr, of Littleton. Mustered out June 4, 1865. Adjutants Charles R. Morrison, of Nashua. Wounded severely May 12. 1864. Honorably discharged Sept. 9, 1864. William A. ISTason, of New London. Not mustered. Mustered out as First Lieut. June 4, 1865. Quartermasters James F. Brings, of Ilillsborough. Honorably discharged Aug. 1, 1863. Gilman B. Johnson, of Epping. Mustered out June 4, 1865. Surgeons John S. Ross, of Somersworth. Honorably discharged for disability Dec. 7, 1864. John A. Hayes, of Concord. Mustered out June 4, 1865. Assistant Surgeons John A. Hayes, of Concord. Promoted to Surgeon Jan. 2, 1865. ELEVENTH REGIMENT. 445 Edward R. Hutchins, of Concord. Resigned Dec. 25, 1862. John C. W. Moore, of Concord. Mustered out Oct. 11, 1864. Charles M. Jones. Mustered out June 4, 1865. Chaplains Frank K Stratton, of Hampton. Resigned May 5, 1863. Edward T. Lyford, of Deerfield. Resigned May 13, 1865. Sergeant Majors Josiah W. Taylor. Wounded severely May 6, 1864. Died of disease March 18, 1865. Jonathan T. Williams, of Suttdn. Mustered out June 4, 1865. Quartermaster Sergeant Henry L. Colby, of Warner. Mustered out June 4, 1865. Commissary Sergeant William S. Carter, of Warner. Mustered out June 4, 1865. Hospital Stewards Charles M. Jones. Promoted to Assistant Surgeon Jan. 2, 1865. George P. Ladd, of Deering. Mustered out June 4, 1865. Principal Musician Andrew J. Coffin, of Epping. Mustered out June 4, 1865. COMPANY OFFICERS. Co. A. Captains Horace C. Bacon, of Epping. Wounded Dec. 13, 1862. Honorably discharged June 11, 1864. J. Charles Currier, of Deny. Wounded severely Sept. 30, 1864. Honorably discharged Jan. 18, 1865. Charles E. Frost, of Hampstead. Mustered out June 4, 1865. First Lieuts. George !N". Shepard, of Epping. Wounded Dec. 13. 1862. Promoted to Captain May 6, 1864. Charles Davis, jr., of Warner. Promoted to Captain Sept. 20, 1864. Charles E. Bartlett. Mustered out June 4, 1865. Second Lieuts. Gilman B. Johnson, of Epping. Promoted to Quartermaster, April 22, 1864. Charles E. Bartlett, Promoted to First Lieut. Feb. 17, 1865. 446 THE GREA T REBELLION. Co. B. Captains Sewell D. Tilton, of Raymond. Wounded severely May 30, 1864. Mustered out June 4, 1865. First Lieuts. Isaac H. Morrison, of Deering. Wounded slightly Dec. 13, 1862. Honorably discharged Sept. 3, 1864. Merrill Johnson, of Deering. Mustered out June 4, 1865. Second Lieuts. Joseph H. Cram, of Deering. Discharged Feb. 5, 1864. John E. Cram, of Raymond. Wounded severely May 12, 1864. Honorably discharged on account of wounds Oct. 19, 1864. George W. Caswell, of South Newmarket. Wounded July 30, 1864. Not mustered. Discharged for disability at Concord, May 20, 1865. Co. C. Captain. Hollis O. Dudley, of Manchester. Wounded slightly May 6, 1864. Mustered out June 4, 1865. First Lieuts. Joseph B. Clark, of Manchester. Promoted to Captain May 1, 1863. Jeremiah D. Lyford, of Manchester. Died of disease Dec. 9, 1864. Charles C. Page, of Candia. Wounded severely June 2, 1864. Transferred from Co. I. Not mustered. Unable to accept on account of wounds. Mustered out as Sergeant Aug. 23,1865. Will C. Wood, of Lyme. Transferred from Co. H. Mustered out June 4, 1863. Second Lieuts. T. P. Heath, of Manchester. Resigned Aug. 3, 1863. Ira G. Wilkins, of Manchester. Promoted to First Lieut. Nov. 5, 1864. Co. D. Captains Leander W. Cogswell, of Henniker. Promoted to" Lieut. Colonel Aug. 20, 1864. Charles Davis, Jr., of Warner. Wounded severely Sept. 30, 1864. Not mustered. Honorably discharged as First Lieut. Jan. 20, 1865. First Lieuts. Thomas L. Sanhorn, of Henniker. Resigned Feb. 23, 1863. David C. Harriman, of Warner. Resigned June 27, 1863. Joseph !N". Modica, of Henniker. Appointed Captain U. S. V., by brevet, for gallant and meritorious conduct before Petersburg, Va., to date from April 2, 1865. Mustered out as First Lieut. June 4, 1865. Second Lieuts. David C. Harriman, of Warner. Promoted to First Lieut. Feb. 27, 1863. Charles Davis, Jr., of Warner. Promoted to First Lieut. July 25, 1864. ELEVENTH REGIMENT. 447 Co. E. Captains Amos B. Shattuck, of Manchester. Wounded Dec. 13, 1862. Died of wounds Dec 17, 1862. Arthur C. Locke, of Epsom. Wounded Sept. 30, 1864. Mustered out June 4, 1865. First Lieuts. Arthur C. Locke, of Epsom. Promoted to Captain Dec. 18, 1862. Henry G-. Dillenback, of Berry. Honorably discharged July 22, 1864. Charles E. Frost, of Hampstead. Promoted to Captain Feb. 17, 1865. Solomon Dodge, Jr., of New Boston. Mustered out June 4, 1865. Second Lieut, Charles E. Frost, of Hampstead. Wounded Nov. 19, 1863. Promoted to First Lieut. July 22, 1864. Co. F. Captains Samuel M. Carr, of New London. Resigned Jan. 29, 1863. Charles Woodward, of New London. Honorably discharged June 23, 1864. Orlando W. Dimick, of Lyme. Mustered out June 4, 1865. First Lieuts. Austin TV. Messer, of New London. Discharged for disability Sept. 29, 1862. Hiram K. Little, of Sutton. Wounded. Died of wounds at David s Island, N. Y., July 4, 1864. William A. Nason, of New London. Promoted to Adjutant Dec. 1, 1864. R. Baxter Brown, of Candia. Transferred to Co. I. Second Lieuts. Hiram K. Little, of Sutton. Promoted to First Lieut. Jan. 30, 1863. E. Freeman Sanborn, of Springfield. Promoted to First Lieut. July 25, 1864. Co. G. Captains George E. Pingree, of Lisbon. Honorably discharged to accept appointment in V. R. C., April 30, 1864. J. LeRoy Bell, of Haverhill. Wounded July 30, 1864. Wounded Sept. 30, 1864. Mustered out June 4, 1865. First Lieuts. Arthur E. Hutchins, of Bath. Killed in action May 6, 1864. L. Newell Sawyer, of Dover. Promoted to Captain Sept. 1, 1864. Ira G. Wilkins, of Manchester. Wounded April 2, 1865. Appointed Captain U. S. V., by brevet, for gallant and meritorious conduct in the assault before Petersburg, Va., to dato from April 2, 1865. Mustered out June 4, 1865. 448 THE GREAT REBELLION. Second Lieut. J. LeRoy Bell, of Haverhill. Wounded slightly May 12, 1864. Wounded slightly June 2, 1864. Pro moted to Captain July 22, 1864. Co. 11. Captains Convers G. Morgan, of Enfield. Dismissed April 18, 1863. Joseph B. Clark, of Manchester. Wounded severely May 6, 1864. Mustered out June 4, 1865. First Lieuts. Orlando W. Dimick, of Lyme. Promoted to Captain July 22, 1864. Frank S. Bean, of Enfield. Transferred to Co. I, Sept. 23, 1864. Will C. Wood, of Lyme. Transferred to Co. I. Second Lieuts. Allen II. George, of Canaan. Honorably discharged May 23, 1864. Frank S. Bean, of Enfield. Promoted to First Lieut. July 25, 1864. Will C. Wood of Lyme. Promoted to First Lieut. Jan. 2, 1865. Co. I. Captains William R. Patten, of Candia. Honorably discharged April 20, 1864. George N. Shepard, of Epping. Wounded severely June 2, 1864. Mustered "out June 4, 1865. First Lieuts. John K. Cilley, of Exeter. Promoted to Captain and A. Q. M. U. S. V. April 7, 1864. J. Charles Currier, of Deny. Promoted to Captain June 28, 1864. R. Freeman Sanborn, of Springfield. Honorably discharged Aug. 9, 1864. Frank S. Bean, of Enfield. Transferred from Co. H Sept. 23, 1864. Wounded Sept. 30, 1864. Died of Wounds Nov. 25, 1864. Charles C. Page, of Candia. Transferred to Co. C. R. Baxter Brown, of Candia. Transferred from Co. F. Mustered out June 4, 1865. Second Lieuts. J. Charles Currier, of Derry. Wounded severely May 6, 1864. Promoted to First Lieut. May if, 1864. R. Baxter Brown, of Candia. Promoted to First Lieut. Dec. 5, 1864. Co. 3L Captains Nathaniel Lowe, jr., of Dover. Promoted to Captain and A. Q. M. U. S. V. June 16, 1364. L. Newell Sawyer, of Dover. Mustered out June 4, 1865. ELEVENTH REGIMENT. 449 First Lieuts. B. Frank Rackley, of Dover. Resigned Dec. 22, 1862. Henry W. Twombly, of Dover. Resigned July 19, 1863. Charles E. Everett, of Dover. Promoted to Captain May 15. 1865. Second Lieuts. Henry "W. Twombly, of Dover. Promoted to First Lieut. Dec. 24, 1863. L. Newell Sawyer, of Dover. Wounded slightly June 16, 1864. Promoted to First Lieut. July 25, 1864. George P. Demerritt, of Durham. Not mustered. Mustered out as Sergeant June 4, 1865. GENERAL WALTER HARRIMAN. General Harriman was born at Warner, in Merrimack County, New Hampshire, where he has always resided. He received a good public school and academic educa tion in "Warner and .other places. In his early days he taught school considerably, and thus spent one year in the State of New Jersey. At the age of twenty years without any especial preparation and without consulta tion with a single clergyman he commenced preaching, and was known for years throughout the State as one of its most eloquent and stirring preachers of the Universalist doctrines. He subsequently became engag ed in trade, and then interested himself in the political affairs of the state and nation, and abandoned the sacred desk altogether. In 1849 he was elected a representa tive in the State Legislature from the town of Warner, and was re-elected in 1850. He often engaged in debates in the House, and took a leading position. In June, 1853, he was elected State Treasurer, and was re- elected in 1854, serving the State in this responsible position to the acceptance of all. In 1856 he was appointed by President Pierce a Commissioner to clas sify and appraise Indian Lands in Kansas Territory, which duty he performed with great care and faithful- 450 THE GREAT REBELLION. ness, satisfying all parties interested. In 1858 General Harriman was again elected to the "popular branch of the Legislature from the town of Warner, and was a lead ing member on the Democratic side of the House. In 1859 he was elected to the State Senate from the Eighth District, and was re-elected in 1860. During all these years that General Harriman had given attention to po litical matters he was known not only in New Hampshire but other states as one of the most able and effective speakers in the party to which he had up to this time belonged. He had at different times spoken upon state and national politics in every county and almost every considerable town in the State, and in some of them several times. In the spring of 1861 General Harriman became editor of the Union Democrat, at Manchester, and bold ly and fearlessly took and ably maintained ground in favor of the national government and the administration of Abraham Lincoln, so far as its war policy was concern ed. The principles then and subsequently espoused and advocated by him were so much at variance with those entertained by the body of the party with which he had always acted and labored so earnestly, and which had honored him by appointments and elections to places of trust and profit, as to occasion an estrangement; and from that time he has acted with the national adminis tration and the Republican party. In August, 1862, he was appointed Colonel of the Eleventh New Hampshire Volunteers, immediately set about addressing public meetings, and raised his regiment in a few days. He went to the field with his regiment, and was with it most of the time until the close of the war, except four months that he was in the hands of the enemy as a prisoner. He was captured at the battle of the Wilder ness, on the 6th of May, and was not exchanged until the 12th of September, 1864. He was one of the num- ELE VENTH REGIMENT. 451 ber of Union officers drafted at Macon, Georgia, to be kept in prison in that part of Charleston most exposed by the bombardment of the city from Morris Island by the -Union forces. He and other Union officers were kept in this most perilous situation for seven weeks, but fortunately the building in which they were confined was unharmed. Colonel Harriman was with his regiment in the siege of Petersburg, and when preparations were made for the final assault, which was rendered unnecessary by the evacuation of the city by the enemy, he was in command of a brigade of nine regiments, and thus on the 3d of April, 1865, marched over the rebel works and into Petersburg on the heels of Lee s flying army. He was appointed Brigadier General, by brevet, "for gallant conduct during the war, to date from March 13, 1865." He saw the rebellion snuffed out, and came home with his regiment. In June, 1865, General Harriman was elected Secretary of State, and was re-elected in 1866. In January, 1867, General Harriman was nominated as the Republican candidate for Governor, and after a sharp and decisive contest he meeting in joint debate the opposing candidate, Hon. John G. Sinclair, was elected by a handsome majority. He was re-elected in 1868, after a most severe contest, receiving a larger vote than any candidate for any office had received before, or has received since, in the State. During the two years that he was Governor he discharged the somewhat ardu ous and difficult duties of the office in a most able and acceptable manner. In 1869 Governor Harriman was appointed Naval Officer at Boston, by President Grant, which position he now holds. In the fall of 1864, while home from his imprison ment, General Harriman stumped the country for the re-election of President Lincoln, with a success equal, at least, to that of any other speaker in that campaign. 452 THE GREA T REBELLION. He again stumped the country from Maine to Indiana, for General Grant, in 1868, with most flattering results. He is emphatically a man of the people. His command ing figure being six feet two inches tall tine Voice and earnest manner, and his perfect familiarity with all the political issues of the time, combine to make him one of the most popular and effective speakers in the country. Such is his popularity as a man that he is said never to have been defeated when a candidate for any office. f LIEUT. COLONEL MOSES N. COLLINS. Lieut. Colonel Collins was born at Brentwood, Rock- ingham County, New Hampshire, in April, 1820. He received a thorough academic education at Gilmanton and Hampton Falls, and subsequently for several years was engaged in teaching in the State of Maryland. Later he commenced the study of law in the office of Messrs. Murphy and Bartlett, of Epping, and completed his course in the office of Hon. Gil man Marston, at Exeter. He was admitted to the Rockingham County Bar in 1857, and immediately opened an office at Exeter, where he soon made himself known as an able, indus trious and successful lawyer. He was elected a member of the popular branch of the New Hampshire Legisla ture from Brentwood, in 1855, and from Exeter in 1861 and 1862. In the summer of 1862, after the disastrous defeat of the Union arms in the second battle of Bull Run ; the uncertain results of the Peninsular campaign, and the national existence seemed trembling in the balance, an appeal was made to the patriotism of every Ameri can to rush to the rescue of the Government from its imperiled condition. Lieut. Colonel Collins was one of those who regarded the perpetuity of the constitution ELEVENTH REGIMENT. 453 and laws as paramount to every other consideration, and accordingly offered his services, and his life, if it should be required, to the State authorities, in any capacity where he could do most toward crushing out the rebellion. He was accordingly tendered and accepted the appointment of Major of the Eleventh Regiment of Volunteer Infantry, and before the organization left the State was promoted to Lieut. Colonel. IJe bore a conspicuous part in nearly all the battles and skir mishes in which the regiment was engaged, being often in command, until that of the Wilderness, on the 6th of May, 1864, when he was among the killed. While gallantly leading his men in a charge upon the enemy, he fell, with a musket ball through the head a noble sacrifice in a holy cause. The Eleventh Regiment left Concord on the llth of September, 1862, and arrived at Washington on the 14th, and was brigaded with the Twenty-first Connecti cut, and Thirty-seventh Massachusetts, under command of Brigadier General Henry S. Briggs, of Massachusetts, and constituted a part of Casey s reserved corps. Early in October the Regiment marched to Pleasant Valley, Maryland, and was brigaded with the Thirty-fifth and Twenty-first Massachusetts, Fifty-first New York, and Fifty-first Pennsylvania, and was the Second Brigade, Second Division, Ninth Army Corps, the brigade com mander being acting Brigadier General E. Ferrero. On the 27th of October the Army of the Potomac started in pursuit of General Lee s retreating army, the division to which the Eleventh belonged being in the advance. The enemy was closely pursued and driven from point to point, occasionally skirmishing, without any serious engagement, or the loss of any men to the regiment. They reached Falmouth, opposite Fredericksburg, on the 19th of November, and went into camp, where they 454 THE GREAT REBELLION. remained drilling and performing ordinary camp and picket duty, until they engaged in the BATTLE OF FREDERICKSBURG. The Eleventh Regiment crossed the Rappahannock on the morning of the 12th of December. It was not put into the fight until about twelve o clock on the 13th, when it was ordered to the railroad, and thence advanc ed to the bottom of a slope across an open plain swept by the enemy s fire of infantry and artillery, with noth ing to divert that fire, and two or three fences to impede the progress of the regiment and add to its exposure. The order to advance given by Colonel Harriman on the right and Major Farr on the left, was promptly obeyed, and they proceeded upon the double-quick to the point indicated, which was not more than twenty rods from the rebel intrenchments. The position was held by a few companies that had preceded the regiment. For nearly two hours they sustained a tremenduous fire from the enemy s strongholds, nearly alone. The enemy were well protected by their intrenchments, while the regiment was considerably below them and only partially- protected when flat upon the ground, by the character of the slope. The men were ordered to lie down and load, and then stand up, take aim and fire. Some, however, were so eager for the fray and reckless of consequences, that they persisted in standing bolt up right all the while. The enemy rushed down the slope several times as if to make a charge, but were met with terrific volleys from the Eleventh and repulsed. Every man stood firm and would not yield an inch. After the ammunition was nearly exhausted, only a few rounds being reserved for an emergancy, and when there were indications that they might be called upon to make or meet a charge, Colonel Harriman gave ELEVENTH REGIMENT. 455 orders to fix bayonets. Some of the men by procuring ammunition from other regiments which had come up, and from the cartridge-boxes of the dead, kept up a continuous fire. Regiment after regiment came up, and so the battle raged, the fire of the enemy s musket ry and artillery being most murderous and terrific, until after dark, when the regiment was withdrawn. On a single acre, embracing the ground held by the New Hampshire Eleventh, as measured by those who after ward went over to bury the dead, there were six hundred and twenty dead men. The conduct of the regiment on that day was the subject of universal commendation. The General in command, in an ad dress said : "To the new troops who fought so nobly on the 13th, on their first battle-field, thanks are espe cially due; they have every way proved themselves worthy to stand side by side with the veterans of the Second brigade." The New Hampshire Eleventh were the only " new troops " in that brigade, and of course appropriated this high and well deserved compliment. In this battle the regiment had fourteen men killed, one hundred and fifty-six w r ounded and twenty-four missing. . Of the latter some afterward came in ; some are supposed to have been killed, others were wounded or prisoners. Many died of wounds not supposed at the time to be fatal. Among these was Captain Amos B. Shattuck, an excellent officer and much esteemed man. The Eleventh Regiment remained at the heights of Strafford until the llth of February, 1863, when with the rest of the corps they were at Newport News until the the 26th of March, and then went to Covington, Kentucky, to protect the people from guerrillas and drive out the rebel forces. They remained in the State, at different places until the 4th of June, when they were removed to Yicksburg. Here Colonel Harriman 456 THE GREAT REBELLION. resigned and Lieut. Colonel Collins -assumed command of the regiment. After the surrender of Vicksburg, on the of 4th July, the Eleventh, with other troops started in pursuit of Johnston, the details of which movement are given in the history of the Sixth Regiment. The regiment returned to Milldale where it remained until the 6th of August, suffering like the other regiments from the unhealthiness of the location. From there it proceeded to Cincinnati, where it arrived on the 14th, sadly re duced in numbers and strength, by exposure to the malaria of the swamps in the vicinity of Yicksburg. The regiment marched over to Covington, Kentucky and remained there until the 26th f August, when they were successively at Nicholasville, Camp Parke, Crab Orchard and Loudon, Kentucky, and were then engaged in the SIEGE OF KNOXVILLE. After a very tedious march the Eleventh arrived at Knoxville on the 29th of October, and on the 17th of November were joined by General Burnside and his gallant little army of thirteen thousand men, who were closely followed by Longstreet with his excellent force, thirty thousand strong, and the siege of Knoxville com menced. Trenches were thrown up; trees were felled ; forts were built ; dams were erected on the small creek separating the city proper from North Knoxville, and other preparations made for a defense of the city. The Eleventh shared all the hardships of the siege, short rations, etc., until the night of the 28th of November, when the rebels made an attack along the whole line, and skirmishing continued through the night. At five o clock in the morning the enemy opened with renewed vigor on the whole front, the object being to capture ELEVENTH REGIMENT. 457 Fort Sanders, at the west part of the town. Against this Longstreet hurled five thousand of his best troops, who were mowed down like grass by the Union battery. The enemy charged bravely, but it was only to meet sudden death. At seven o clock the enemy, repulsed at every point, withdrew from the contest, leaving a thousand dead and wounded along the lines, while only ten or twelve men had been killed or wounded on the Union side. In a day or two news came of the victory at Chattanooga, and ringing cheers ran along the whole line. On the 5th of December the enemy commenced a retreat, and troops were sent in all directions in pursuit, who brought in a large number of prisoners. On the 7th an advance was made up the valley, to force Long- street inside the Clinch mountains, and keep him from Cumberland Gap. After considerable skirmishing the Eleventh went into camp at Lee s Springs, and remained there three weeks. Rations had become very short, some days only a single ear of corn being issued to the men. The Eleventh had drawn very little of any kind of clothing for the five months that they had been in Tennessee, and they could be tracked by the marks of bloody feet while marching. In lieu of shoes, green hides were issued to the men, of which they made moccasins. The last of February, 1864, Colonel Harriman rejoin ed the regiment, and was received with much enthu siasm. He had been re-commissioned as Colonel of the Eleventh, and had marched over the mountains, a dis tance of two hundred and forty miles, in command of a detachment of six hundred recruits for that and other regiments. On the 18th of March orders were received to proceed to Annapolis, and the troops after long and tedious inarching and railroad transportation, arrived there on the 7th of April and went into camp. The Ninth 458 THE GREAT REBELLION. Corps, under its favorite commander,. General Burnside, was reorganized, enlarged and made to embrace four heavy divisions. Here they remained, drilling, clothing, arming and organizing until the 23d of April, when it began another march to the front. At the battle of the "Wilderness, on the 6th of May the regiment was under fire nearly all day. At one o clock the brigade advanced through the Wilderness in good order, in the face of a terrific fire. It passed one line of Union troops lying close to the ground, not engaged, came to another similar line and passed that also, when about three hundred Western men from that line sprang to their feet and rallied under the flag of the Eleventh and joined their fortunes with them. They pressed forward with spirit and carried two suc cessive lines of the enemy s works at the point of the bayonet, driving the rebels from their last intrenchments in their front, and nearly out of the Wilderness. In this bloody engagement the regiment lost severely in both officers and men. Colonel Harrinian was captured; Lieut. Colonel Collins was killed ; Captain J. B. Clark and Lieut. J. C. Currier were wounded severely, and Captain H. 0. Dudley slightly ; Lieut. Arthur E. Hutch- ins, serving on General Griffin s staff, was killed. The command of the regiment devolved on Captain Tilton. On the 12th of May occured the battle of Spottsyl- vania. The advance was commenced before daylight. The enemy s pickets were soon encountered. The Eleventh discovered a regiment of the enemy dressed in Union blue, detected their character, and at once attacked them. The fighting was terrific all along the lines, in which hundreds of pieces of artillery and thousands of muskets dealt death on every hand. Among the wounded in this fight were Adjutant Mor rison and Lieut. John E. Cram, who at the time had the colors in his hand. The position of the Eleventh ELEVENTH REGIMENT. 459 was just to the left of where the Second Corps captured the rebel General Bushrod Johnson and about five thousand prisoners. On the 16th, in a skirmish with the enemy the regi ment lost several men killed and wounded. On the 24th the regiment was under fire at North Anna river. On the 25th and 26th in picket and skirmish firing several of the men were wounded. At Cold Harbor, notwithstanding the regiment was not used in the offensive movement, the battle being fought mainly by the other troops, it was under fire and a number of its men were killed and wounded. Cap tain Shepard, of Company I, being among the latter. On the 16th and 17th of June, in an engagement with the enemy before Petersburg, the regiment lost several prisoners, among them Lieut. Dimick. On the 21st Lieut. Little was mortally wounded while on the picket line. The months of June and July were spent by the regiment in the trenches before Petersburg, and on the 30th of July took an active part in the celebrated battle of the " Mine." Captain Tilton, who had been in com mand of the regiment from the 17th of June, was wounded early in the morning, and the command devolved on Captain Locke. The result of the attack was a repulse of the Union troops. The Eleventh occu pied the " crater" most of the day, and lost heavily. The colors were twice lost and twice retaken, and were finally torn in two the enemy retaining half while the remaining half was retained by the regiment. In September the regiment took part in the move ments on the Weldon railroad. On the 30th it moved to Poplar Grove Church, and was actively engaged at Pegram s Farm, where it lost heavily in killed and wounded. Among the wounded were Captains Locke commanding the regiment Currier and Bell, and 460 THE GREAT REBELLION. Lieuts. Davis, Brown and Bean the latter mortally. Captain Shepard succeeded to the command of the regi ment, which he held until the 1st of October, when Captain Dudley returned from leave of absence and succeeded him. On the 27th the regiment took part in the engagement at Hatcher s Run, where it lost two men wounded arid the Sergeant Major captured. On the 31st, by order of the commanding general, Captain Shepard again took command of the regiment. On the 21st of November Colonel Harriman returned to the regiment from his imprisonment, and was cor dially welcomed. On the 29th the regiment, w T ith the Ninth Corps, moved to the front of Petersburg, where it went into camp near Hancock Station, on the military railroad, and remained there until the 2d of April, 1865, engaged in picket duty, skirmishing and preparing for the last great struggle. On the 25th of March the enemy made a vigorous assault upon the lines of the Ninth Corps, at Fort Steadman, at daylight. They took the fort, but an hour later were driven back with great slaughter, and a loss of two thousand prisoners. On Sunday morning, April 2d, at three o clock, the grand charge all along the lines, from the Appomattox river to Hatcher s Run, was made. It was a great day and a great battle. The division commander having been wounded during the day, General Griffin assumed command, and Colonel Harriman took charge of the brigade, while the command of the Eleventh Regiment devolved on Captain Dudley. About midnight it be came evident that the rebels were evacuating Peters burg. The city was on fire at three different points. Half an hour before day, on the 3d, an advance was ordered. The troops moved cautiously at first, but hurriedly very- soon, and sprang over the rebel breast works with a shout of triumph. The brigade com manded by Colonel Harriman, consisting of the Sixth, ELEVENTH REGIMENT. 461 .Ninth and Eleventh, and six other regiments, marched through Petersburg, with bands playing and banners flying. The common people, and especially the colored population, received the troops with demonstrations of joy, while most of the rich, aristocratic, original rebels were sour and glum. Secession was dead, and this latter class distinctly saw and keenly felt it. The army closely pursued Lee to Appomattox Court House, where, on the 9th, he surrendered the great army of Northern Virginia to General Grant, and the four years war of the rebellion was virtually ended. The Eleventh Regiment joined in the grand review of the Second, Fifth and Ninth Corps, Sherman s entire army, and some other troops, at Washington, on the 23d and 24th of May. It was the grandest spectacle of the kind ever witnessed in this country. Two hundred thousand armed veterans passed the whole length of Pennsylvania Avenue, the reviewing officers being sta tioned in front of the President s house. It has been confidently claimed that, in soldier-like bearing and general appearance, no corps eclipsed the Ninth; no division the Second of that corps; no brigade the Second of that division, and no troops those of that brigade from New Hampshire. The Eleventh was mustered out of the United States service on the 4th of June, and immediately started for home, arriving at Concord on the afternoon of the 7th, meeting with a hearty reception in the State House yard. On the 10th the regiment was paid off and for mally discharged. By order of the commanding gen eral of the army, for meritorious conduct in battle, the Eleventh Regiment inscribed upon, its banner "Fred- ericksburg, Yicksburg, Jackson, East Tennessee, the Wilderness, Spotts3 7 lvania, North Anna, Cold Harbor, Weldon Railroad, Poplar Grove Church, Hatcher s Run, Petersburg." 462 THE GREAT REBELLION. TWELFTH REGIMENT. On the 10th of August, 1862, in response to the call of the President for three hundred thousand volunteers for three years, some prominent citizens of Belknap and Carroll Counties asked permission of Governor Berry to raise and officer a regiment of infantry, which was granted, on condition that it could be done in ten days. On the 16th of the same month the Adjutant General was notified that ten full companies had been raised, organized and were ready to be mustered into the United States service. They were ordered into camp at Concord on the 3d of September, and by the 25th the regimental organization was completed. The following were its field, staff and company officers, with their official record, from the date of its muster-in to that of its muster-out : FIELD AND STAFF OFFICERS. COLONELS Joseph H. Potter, of Concord. Wounded May 3, 1863. Promoted to Brigadier General U. S. V. May 1,1865. Thomas E. Barker, of Barnstead. Not mustered. Mustered out as Lieut. Colonel Tune 21, 1865. Lieut. Colonels John F. Marsh of Hudson. Wounded May 3, 1863. Honorably discharged May 28, 1864. George D. Savage, of Alton. Honorably discharged May 28, 1864. Thomas E. Barker, of Barnstead. Promoted to Colonel May 26, 1865. Majors George D. Savage, of Alton. Wounded May 3, 1863. Promoted to Lieut. Colonel Feb. 5, 1864. John F. Langley, of Pittsfield. Honorably discharged Sept. 22, 1864. TWELFTH REGIMENT. 463 Nathaniel Shackford, of Holderness Mustered out June 21, 1865. Adjutants Daniel S. Bedee, of Meredith. Resigned May 15, 1863. Andrew M. Heath, of London. Wounded slightly July 30, 1864. Promoted to Captain Jan. 10, 1865. Rufus E. Gale, of Gilmanton. Mustered out June 21, 1865. (Quartermaster Isaiah Winch, of Meredith. Mustered out June 21, 1865. Surgeon Hadley B. Fowler, of Bristol. Mustered out June 21, 1865. Ass t Surgeons Charles W. Hunt, of Laconia. Died of typhoid fever, at Point Lookout, Md., August 24, 1863. Samuel P. Carbee, of Bath. Mustered out June 21, 1865. John H. Sanborn, of Meredith. Resigned July 21, 1864. Chaplains Thomas L. Ambrose, of Ossipee. Wounded severely July 24, 1864. Died of wounds Aug. 19, 1864. Josiah B. Higgins. Mustered out June 21, 1865. Sergeant Majors Edwin E. Bedee. Promoted to First Lieut. Dec. 22, 1862. Andrew M. Heath, of Loudon. Promoted to Second Lieut. Jan. 26, 1863. Asa W. Bartlett, of Pittsfield. Promoted to Second Lieut. March 3, 1864. Frederick P. Rhodes, of New Hampton. Reduced to the ranks for cowardice, and assigned to Co. E, June 12, 1864. Edward F. Gordon, of New Hampton. Promoted to First Lieut. March 1, 1865. David S. Dockham, of Gilmanton. Promoted to First Lieut. June 6, 1865. Quartermaster Sergeants Josiah H. Prescott. Promoted to Second Lieut. Nov. 18, 1862. George W. Edwards. Promoted to Second Lieut. May 18, 1865. Commissary Sergeants John H. Prescott, of Pittsfield. Promoted to Second Lieut. Feb. 8, 1864. George B. Lane, of Gilford. Promoted to Second Lieut. May 26, 1865, Hospital Steward Thomas E. Hunt, of Gilford. Mustered out June 21, 1865 464 THE GREAT REBELLION. Principal Musicians James S. Baker, of Holderness. Mustered out June 21, 1865. Ira C. Evans, of Concord. Mustered out June 21, 1865. COMPANY OFFICERS. Co. A. Captains Moses H. Savage of New Durham. Killed Maj 3, 1863. William H. H. Fernald, of Gilford. Honorably discharged Dec. 7, 1864. Ephraim W. Kicker. Mustered out June 21, 1865. First Lieuts. James N. York, of Alton. Resigned Feb. 9, 1863. Andrew J. Huntoon, of Plymouth. Promoted to Captain Feb. 1, 1864. Gorham P. Dunn, of Laconia. Killed at Cold Harbor, Va., June 3, 1864 Ephraim W. Ricker. Promoted to Captain Jan. 10, 1865. Second Lieuts. Nathan Chesley, of Alton. Discharged Feb. 7, 1863 Arthur St. Clair Smith, of Gilford. Transferred to Co. B. Mayhew C. Batchelder, of New Durham. Promoted to First Lieut, July 20, 1864. Co. B. Captains Thomas E. Barker, of Barnstead. Wounded May 3, 1863. Promoted to Lieut. Colonel Sept. 30, 1864. James W. Saunders, of Alexandria. Discharged May 19, 1865. First Lieuts. John M. Durgin, of Gilmanton. Promoted to Captain May 4, 1863. Horace Edgerly, of Barnstead. Resigned June 9, 1864. Mayhew C. Batchelder, of New Durham. Wounded slightly Aug. 19, 1864. Mustered out June 21, 1865. Second Lieuts. Charles E. Marsh, of Gilmanton. Promoted to First Lieut. Feb. 4, 1863. Gorham P. Dunn, of Laconia. Promoted to First Lieut. Feb. 1, 1864. Eufus E. Gale, of Gilmanton. Promoted to First Lieut Aug, 16, 1864 TWELFTH REGIMENT. 465 Arthur St. Glair Smith, of Gilford. Transferred from Co. A. Wounded severely May 3, 1863. Promoted to First Lieut. June 12, 1863. Co. C. Captains Blake Fowler, of Bristol. Resigned May 11, 1863 John M. Durgin, of Gilmanton. Resigned Jan. 4, 18G4 James T. Smith, of Danbury. Honorably discharged Sept. 22, 1864 Asa W. Bartlett, of Pittsfield. Honorably discharged for disability March 18, 1865 Daniel W. Bohonon. Mustered out June 21, 1865. First Lieuts. James T. Smith, of Danbury. Promoted to Captain April 22, 1863. Henry A. L. French, of Pittsfield. Killed July 2, 1863. Charles E. Marsh, of Gilmanton. Transferred from Co. F. Discharged Oct. 15, 1863. Hosea Q. Sargent, of Xew Hampton. Promoted to Captain March 3, 1864. Joseph K. "\Vhittier, of Laconia. Transferred to Co. D. James W. Saunders, of Alexandria. Promoted to Captain Oct. 28, 1864. George E. Worthen. Mustered out June 21, 1865. Second Lients. IT. Q. Sargent, of !N"e\v Hampton. Wounded severely May 3, 1863. Promoted to First Lieut May 4, 1863. James W. Saunders, of Alexandria. Promoted to First Lieut. July 15, 1864. George K. Hughes. Not mustered. Killed at Cold Harbor, Va., June 4, 1864. Co. D. Captains J. Ware Butterfield, of Sanbornton. Honorably discharged Nov. 17, 1862. Orlando W. Keyes, of Holderness. Killed May 3, 1863. John S. Yeasey, of Gilford. Dismissed Feb. 15, 1864. Andrew J. Huntoon, of Plymouth. Honorably discharged June 15, 1864. John W. Johnson, of Pittsfield. Mustered out June 21, 1865. 466 THE GREAT REBELLION. First Lieuts. David E. Everett,, of Bristol. Discharged Jan. 23, 1863. John S. Veasey, of Gilford. Promoted to Captain Aug. 25, 1863. Joseph K. Whittier, of Laconia. Transferred from Co. C. Killed at Cold Harbor, Va., June 3, 1864. George "W. Hall, of Sanbornton. Mustered out June 21, 1865. Second Lieuts. B. M. Merrill, of Sanbornton. Promoted to First Lieut. Nov. 18, 1862. Josiah H. Prescott. Discharged for disability June 25, 1863. George W. Hall, of Sanbornton. Promoted to First Lieut. July 20, 1864. Co. E. Captains Nathaniel Shackford, of Holderness. Wounded slightly May 3, 1863. Wounded severely June 3, 1864. Promoted to Major Nov. 16, 1864. Andrew M. Heath, of London. Mustered out June 21, 1865. First Lieuts. Orlando W. Iveyes, of Ilolderness. Promoted to Captain Nov. 18, 1862. Bradbury M. Merrill, of Sanbornton. Honorably discharged Nov. 11, 1863. Arthur St. Clair Smith, of Gilford. Wounded severely twice June 3, 1864. Promoted to Captain July 20, 1864. Edward L. Shepard, of Holderness. Mustered out June 21, 1865. Second Lieuts. A. J. Huntoon, of Plymouth. Promoted to First Lieut. Feb. 9, 1863. George S. Cram, of Meredith. Killed May 3, 1863. Edward L. Shepard, of ITolderness. Promoted to First Lieut. July 20, 1864. Co. F. Captains John F. Langley, of PittsfieM. ^Promoted to Major Feb. 5, 1864. Hosea Q. Sargent, of New Hampton. Mustered out June 21, 1865. First L .uts. Sylvanus Smith, of Pittsfield. Resigned Feb. 3, 1863. Andrew M. Heath, of London. Promoted to Adjutant June 1, 1863. John W. Johnson, of Pittsfield. i romoted to Captain July 20, 1864. TWELFTH REGIMENT. 467 Charles S. Emery, of Canterbury. Died August 1, 1864. Rufus E. Gale, of Gilmanton. Promoted to Adjutant March 1, 1865. Charles E. Marsh, of Gilmanton. Transferred to Co. C. Edward F. Gordon, of New Hampton. Promoted to Captain June 6, 1865. Second Lieuts. H. A. L. French, of Pittsfield. Promoted to First Lieut. April 22, 1863. Horace Edgerly, of Barnstead. Promoted to First Lieut. Oct. 15, 1863. Charles S. Emery, of Canterbury. Wounded severely June 3, 1864. Promoted to First Lieut. July 20, 1864. Co. G. Captains Charles W. Chase of Gilford. Honorably discharged April 8, 1863. Edwin S. Be dee, of Meredith. Wounded severely June 4, 1864. Missing at Bermuda Hundred, Va. Gained from missing. Promoted to Major May 26, 1865. First Lieuts. J. M. Emerson, of Moultonboro. Resigned Deo. 20, 1862. Edwin S. Bedee, of Meredith. Wounded May 3, 1863. Promoted to Captain Sept. 2, 1864. John H. Prescott, of Pittsfield. Promoted to Captain Sept. 2, 1864. John P. Lane. Honorably discharged April 28, 1865. Second Lieuts. John S. Veasey, of Gilford. Promoted to First Lieut. Jan. 26, 1863. Andrew M. Heath, of London. Promoted to First Lieut. May 12, 1863. Joseph K. Whittle r, of Laconia. Promoted to First Lieut. March 3, 1864. Asa W. Bartlett, of Pittsfield. Promoted to First Lieut. July 15, 1864. Charles G. Sheldon, of Warren. Not mustered. Died of wounds at Washington, D. C., June 27, 1864, before commission was issued. Buried at National Cemetery, Arlington, Va. Co. H. Captains J. L. P. Whipple, of Gilford. Dismissed Aug. 24, 1863. Jeremiah Sanborn. Mustered out June 21, 1865. First Lieuts. Joseph S. Tilton, of Gilford. Wounded May 3, 1863. Honorably discharged Oct. 29, 1863. 468 THE GREAT REBELLION. Abraham II. Milliken, o Gilford. Transferred from Co. B. Dishonorably discharged Ang. 23, 1864. Daniel "W. BoTionon. Promoted to Captain April 12, 1865. Second Lieuts. A. II. Milliken, of Gilford. Wounded May 3, 1863. Promoted to First Lieut. May 4, 1863. Joseph A. Fellows, of Gilmanton. Honorably discharged Sept, 17, 1864. Uo. I. Captains Joseph W. Lang, Jr., of Meredith. Wounded May 3, 1863. Honorably discharged on account of wounds Aug. 19, 1864. John H. Prescott, of Pittsfield. Mustered out June 21, 1865. First Lieuts. Wm. H. II. Fernald, of Gilford. Promoted to Captain May 4, 1863. Alonzo W. Jewett. Wounded slightly Jui.e 3, 1864. Mustered out June 21, 1865. Second Lieuts. Wm. W. Stevens, of Meredith. Discharged April 5, 1863. William P. Ham. Wounded severely June 3, 1864. Died of weunds June 15, 1864. Co. K. Captains Silas May, of Wolfeborough. Wounded May 3, 1863. Honorably discharged June 19, 1864. Arthur St. Clair Smith, of Gilford. Mustered out June 21, 1865. First Lieuts. Win. F. Dame, of Tuftonborough. Discharged June 10, 1863. Jeremiah Sanborn. Promoted to Captain July 15, 1864. Asa W. Bartlett, of Pittsfield. Promoted to Captain Sept. 28, 1864. Charles F. Towle, of New Durham. Missing at Bermuda Hundred, Va., Nov. 17, 1864. Honorably discharged June 9, 1865. Second Lieuts. Geo. L. Batchelder, of Concord. Resigned Jan. 26, 1863. Jeremiah Sanborn. Promoted to First Lieut. Aug. 26, 1863. Ephraim W. Ricker, of Tuftonborough. Promoted to First Lieut. July 20, 1864. TWELFTH REGIMENT. 469 GENERAL JOSEPH H. POTTER. Joseph Hayden Potter is the son of Thomas D. Potter, of Concord, where he was born Oct. 12, 1821. He was, for most of the years 1837 and 38, resident with an uncle in Portsmouth, preparing for college, and, the latter year, assistant in the male High School in that city. Receiving the appointment of Cadet through the recommendation of Hon. Samuel Cushman, of Ports mouth, he entered "West Point, Academy in 1839, and graduated in 1843 ; was Brevet Second Lieutenant First Infantry, July 1, 1843; attached to the Seventh Infantry in 1845 ; severely w r ounded in the battle of Monterey, Sept, 21, 1846 ; brevetted First Lieut. " for gallant and meritorious conduct in the battle of Monterey, Mexico," Sept. 21, 1846; appointed First Lieutenant, Oct. 30, 1847; Adjutant of the Seventh Regiment United States Infantry, for some four years prior to January, 1856 ; ap pointed Captain, Jan. 7, 1856, and assigned to Company G, Seventh United States Infantry ; ordered with regi ment to Utah territory, February, 1858, thence with regiment to New Mexico, May 15, 1860; surrendered by Major Lynde to Texan insurgents, July 27th, 1861 ; took command of the surrendered troops after their parole, and marched them across the country to Fort Leaven worth, Mo., and from thence to Jefferson Bar racks, Mo., arriving there November, 1861 ; com manding regiment at Fort Niagara from March, 1862, until Sept. 17, 1862 ; then exchanged, and ap pointed Colonel of the 12th New Hampshire Volunteer Regiment, assuming command of the same the 21st of that month; severely wounded in the battle of Chan- cellorsville and taken prisoner, May 3, 1863 ; exchanged Oct. 20, 1863 ; ordered to Columbus, Ohio, as Assis tant Provost Marshal, Feb. 15, 1864; joined regiment 470 THE GREAT REBELLION. Sept. 16, 1864, in command of a brigade in the Eleventh Corps, until Dec. 2, 1864, and then assigned to the com mand of the Second Brigade, Eighth Division, Twenty- fourth Corps ; appointed Chief of Staff of the Twenty- fourth Corps, Jan. 16, 1865; assigned to command of Second Brigade, Second Division, Twenty-fourth Corps, July 10, 1865; appointed Brigadier General of Volun teers, May 1, 1865; served with Twenty-fourth Corps until it was hroken up, in August, 1865 ; and mustered out of volunteer service, Jan. 16, 1866; commissioned Major of the Nineteenth Regiment United States In fantry, July 4, 1863; brevetted Lieutenant Colonel United States Army, Dec. 13, 1862, " for gallant and meritorious conduct at the battle of Fredericksburg, Virginia;" brevetted Colonel United States Army, May 3, 1863, for gallant and meritorious service at the battle of Chancellorsville, Va.; brevetted Briga dier General United States Army, March 13, 1865, for gallant and meritorious services in the campaign ter minating with the surrender of the insurgent army under Gen. Robert E. Lee ; and commissioned Lieu tenant Colonel in the Thirtieth United States Infantry, July 28, 1866. General Potter s services and their appreciation can best be estimated by his military record. The people of the Counties of Belknap and Carroll felt an especial pride in this regiment, as it was almost wholly composed of men rfnd officers from their limits. It was made up of men of character and good standing, who enlisted because the country needed them to sup press the rebellion. No regiment left the State with men of finer personal appearance, or of more gentle manly bearing, and it sustained a high reputation for honor and sobriety throughout its whole term of service. The regiment left Concord /or Washington on the TWELFTH REGIMENT. 471 27th of September, and joined Colonel Wright s di vision of General Casey s command of the Reserve Army Corps, Defenses of Washington. It was subse quently assigned to General Whipple s division, Third Army Corps, and with it marched from Berlin to Po tomac Creek, near Falmouth, Va., a distance of more than a hundred miles, arriving there on the 25th of JSTo- vember. Unaccustomed to camp life, many of the men became sick from exposure, short rations, jaundice and measles. The latter, in most cases, proved fatal, or caused permanent disability. On the 12th of December, while crossing the Rappa- hannock river to Fredericksburg, the column was shelled by rebel batteries, and three commissioned officers and five enlisted men of the regiment were severely wounded. During the battle of Fredericksburg, on the 13th and 14th, the regiment was held in reserve, and in position for the support of batteries, and all the time under fire of musketry and cannon. After this memorable battle the Twelfth passed the remainder of the winter at Falmouth, engaged in the usual camp and picket duties. CHANCELLORSVILLE. On the 30th of April, 1863, the troops moved in the direction of Chancellorsville. At daylight on the morning of the 3d of May, Gen. Whipple s division was formed in line at the foot of the hill, near the Chancel lor House, and at right angles with the plank road. It was ordered forward to meet a heavy force commanded by General Longstreet, and if possible hold the enemy until General Sickles could collect the scattered troops of his corps. Colonel Bowman, commanding the brig ade, ordered the Eighty-fourth and One Hundred and Tenth Pennsylvania to be formed parallel with, and to 472 THE GREA T REBELLION. the rear, to prevent a flank movement. These regi ments were nearly all captured by an overwhelming force of the enemy, leaving the Twelfth, with a few troops on the right, to cope with a force at least three times its own. One of the most desperate musketry engagements ensued which has ever been witnessed. The regiment behaved splendidly, and retreated in good order, just in time to save its entire capture. General "Whipple was mortally wounded, and while being carried from the field on a stretcher, bleeding and dying, said : " I hope I may live long enough to give Colonel Potter and his brave men a just report." The regiment went into the engagement in the morning with twenty-eight officers and five hundred and forty-nine enlisted men. It lost three commissioned officers killed ; fifteen commissioned officers wounded ; forty-two enlisted men killed; two hundred and twelve enlisted men wounded; fifty-one enlisted men captured; three en listed men missing, probably killed. Aggregate loss, three hundred and twenty-six. Captains Savage and Keyes and Lieut. Cram were shot dead ; Colonel Potter was seriously wounded in the leg; Lieut. Colonel Marsh was wounded in the leg, and Major Savage was struck in the lower jaw by a musket ball and severely wounded. After the battle of Chancellorsville, and the retreat of the army, under command of General Hooker, the Twelfth returned to the camp it had occupied the pre vious winter, where it remained until the llth of June, when it broke camp and went in pursuit of the rebel army on its raid in Maryland and Pennsylvania. From here to Gettysburg the march was the most severe of any ever performed by the army of the Potomac, the men suffering from fatigue, short rations and excessive heat, many of whom fell out and died by the roadside. When they met the enemy at Gettysburg it was a relief to many to know that they had an opportunity to fight TWELFTH REGIMENT. 473 rather than march, and all went forward determined to conquer their foas or die in the attempt. Early on the morning of the 2d of July the line was formed under command of Captain J. F. Langley. The engagement commenced in the afternoon. The Twelfth was stationed near the center of the line where the enemy made a heavy attack. All through this bloody and decisive battle the regiment fought with great gal lantry, fully sustaining the reputation they had won at so heavy cost at Chancellorsville. It went into the fight with twelve officers and two hundred and twelve enlisted men, and lost one officer killed, five wounded; twenty enlisted men killed, sixty-eight wounded. Aggregate loss, ninety-four. Lieut. II. A. L. Fletcher, while gal lantly rallying his men, on the 2d, was killed by a bullet shot through the head. There were many instances of individual bravery, to mention any of which would seem to do injustice to others. The rebel army having retreated, the pursuit again commenced and a long march ensued. At Warrenton, on the 26th of July, the Twelfth was ordered to report to General Marston, at Point Lookout, Maryland. From the llth of June the regiment had been marching and fighting without rest of a single day. Many of the men had become sick from over exertion, and more than half of the remnant of the regiment were without shoes or stockings, their feet raw from exposure to the sand and sun, and their clothing was literally in rags. It marched through "Washington and arrived at Point Lookout on the 31st of July, where it remained guard ing rebel prisoners, with the Second and Fifth New Hampshire, until April, 1864. "While here the regiment received three hundred and fifty recruits. Four hun dred and fifty had been assigned to it, but one hundred deserted on the way to the regiment. The account of the organization of General Butler s 474 THE GREAT REBELLION. army at Gloucester and Yorktown, and its movements up the James ; its taking position at Bermuda Hundred; its fighting at Drury s Bluff, and its expedition in assist ance of the Army of the Potomac, at Cold Harbor, has been so fully given in the history of the Second and other regiments as not to require repetition here. At Drury s Bluff the Twelfth was for four days and nights in succession in the front line without being relieved. On the 16th of May a general engagement took place, in which the Twelfth lost two enlisted men killed, and thirty-two wounded. After this battle the regiment encamped at Bermuda Hundred, and was engaged in building the defenses of that place. On the 26th of May the regiment was engaged in a skirmish at Port Walthal, in which two men were mortally wounded. At Cold Harbor, on the 3d of June, the Twelfth, with its brigade, made an advance across an open field upon the enemy s works, in which it lost two officers killed and six wounded ; thirty-eight enlisted men killed and one hundred and nineteen wounded. Making an aggre gate loss of one hundred and sixty-five, out of less than three hundred taken into the engagement. Many of the wounded were left upon the field between the two lines of works, not more than seventy-five yards apart, for three days, before they could be taken away. Twenty of the dead of this regiment were found within five yards of the enemy s works. Captain Shackford, who had previously received five wounds, was severely wounded on this occasion. On the 15th of June the regiment disembarked at Bermuda Hundred, and the same night marched to the front of Petersburg, and on the next day formed a part of the line which carried the works. For seventy-two days the regiment was only relieved from the trenches to take part in the battle of Cemetery Hill, at the explosion of the " Mine," on the 30th of July. During TWELFTH REGIMENT. 475 this time three officers were wounded, two enlisted men killed and twenty-nine wounded, while many were lost by sickness caused by the burning heat of the sun by day and the dampness of the trenches by night, in an unhealthy locality. On the 26th of August the Twelfth was relieved from the front of Petersburg, and moved to the defenses of Bermuda Hundred, where it joined Colonel Potter s reserve brigade. Colonel Potter who was wounded and taken prisoner at Chancellorsville, was exchanged on the 13th of October, 1863, but being unfit for field duty was on detached service until the 2d of September, 1864, when he joined his regiment and was assigned to the command of a provisional brigade. On the 17th of November the enemy attacked t}ie Union picket line, and in the engagement which ensued the regiment lost one officer wounded and two captured ; one enlisted man killed, six wounded and thirty-five captured, two of whom, Sergeant A. "W. Batchelder and private Benjamin B. Thompson, escaped from Libby prison on the night of the 7th of December, and in eight days made their way to the Union lines. In the reorganization of the Tenth and Eighteenth Army Corps, Colonel Potter was assigned to the com mand of the Second Brigade, Third Division, Twenty- fourth Army Corps. During the winter of 1864-65 the Twelfth Regiment formed a part of the line in front of Richmond. Here they constructed winter quarters which were pronounced by the inspector general to be the best in the Army of the James. During the night of the 2d of April, 1865, it was evident from indications in front that some unusual movements were going on within the enemy s lines. General Devens, who was in command, gave an order to advance the whole line at the first break of day on the 3d. The enemy s guns were still pointing threateningly 476 THE GREAT REBELLION. toward the Union lines ; their tents remained the same as they had been for weeks, and every thing bore the same appearance, yet the Union troops pressed forward, ex pecting every moment the rebels would open fire upon them from their monster guns. They met with no oppo sition, however, as they passed line after line of the rebel works, and entered Richmond, the birth-place of treason, about eight o clock on the morning of the 3d of April, 1865. The Mayor and Council had formally surrendered the city to a sq-uad of the Fourth Massachusetts Cavalry, about thirty minutes before the Twelfth Regiment arrived, in command of Captain H. Q. Sargent. Captain Sargent and his command were the first to take posses sion of Jeff. Davis 7 mansion. The rebels had kindled fiijes in several places and the city was saved from total destruction only through the efforts of Union soldiers. The regiment remained in the city for several days, performing provost guard duty, when it moved with its brigade across the James river to Manchester, where it remained until May, when it was ordered to Danville, but returned to Manchester, where, with the Tenth and Thirteenth New Hampshire Regiments, it was mustered out of the United States service, on the 21st of June, and with them, under command of General Donohoe, started the next day for home, and arrived at Concord on the 27th. On the 3d of July the men were paid and finally discharged. For fourteen months before its muster out the regi ment had been commanded by Colonel Thomas E. Barker, a most gallant and faithful officer, of whom it should be recorded that during the active campaign of five months he was not absent from his regiment a single day. Chaplain T. L. Ambrose was wounded in front of Petersburg on the 24th of July, and died oi his wounds on the 19th of August, 1864. He was one of the most noble, brave and humane men in the army, TWELFTH REGIMENT. 477 and by his many acts of kindness and Christianity had won the unbounded respect and affection of every man in the regiment. It was said of him that " A braver man never lived ; a truer man never wore the garb of Christianity." The Twelfth Regiment contributed its share toward the proud record of New Hampshire in the war. 478 TEE GREAT REBELLION. THIRTEENTH REGIMENT. This regiment was raised under the same call, and about the same time as the four preceding ones, and was like them largely composed of the true hearted, intelligent and patriotic yeomanry and mechanics of the good State of New Hampshire, who appreciated the great struggle in which the country was engaged and the sacrifices they were called upon to make to insure the triumph of the cause of popular liberty. Eockingham, Hillsborough and Strafford Counties each furnished two companies, and Merrimack, Carroll, Grafton and Coos, one each. They went into camp at Concord the fore part of September, and the muster of the regiment into the United States service was completed on the 23d of of that month. The following were the field, staff and company officers, with the official record of each, during the term of service of the regiment: FIELD AND STAFF OFFICERS. COLONEL Aaron F. Stevens, of Nashua. Wounded severely June 1, 1864. Wounded severely Sept. 29, 1864. Hon orably discharged Feb. 4, 1865. Discharge suspended. Appointed Brigadier General U. S. V., by brevet, to date from Dec. 8, 1864. Mustered out as Col onel June 21, 1865. Lieut. Colonels George Bowers, of Nashua. Resigned May 30, 1863. Jacob I. Storer, of Portsmouth. Honorably discharged May 28, 1864. William Grantman, of Wakefield. Honorably discharged Oct. 16, 1864. Normand Smith, of Stewartstown. Mustered out June 21, 1865 Majors Jacob I. Storer, of Portsmouth. Promoted to Lieut. Colonel June 1, 1863 THIRTEENTH REGIMENT. 479 "William Grantman, of Wakefield. Promoted to Lieut. Colonel July 1 5, 1864. Normand Smith, of Stewartetown. Wounded slightly Sept. 29, 1864. Promoted to Lieut. Colonel July 15, 1864. Nathan D. Stoodley, of Peterborough. MusteredTout June 21, 1865. Adjutants George H. Gillis, of Nashua, Resigned March 23, 1863. Nathan B. Boutwell, of Lyndeborough. Wounded severely June 15, 1864. Honorably discharged for disability May 5, 1865. George H. Taggard, of Nashua. Mustered out June 21, 18U6. Quartermasters Person C. Cheeney, of Peterborough. Resigned Aug. 6,^1863. Mortier L. Morrison, of Peterborough. Mustered out June 21, 1865. Surgeons George B. Twitchell, of Keene. Resigned March 24, 1863. Samuel A. Richardson, of Marlborough. Mustered out June 21, 1863. Assistant Surgeons S. A. Richardson, of Marlborough. Promoted to Surgeon April 1, 1863. John Sullivan, Jr., of Exeter. Honorably discharged Aug. 16, 1864. Ezekiel Morrill, of Concord. Promoted to Surgeon 1st N. H. H. Art Nov. 17, 1864. Horatio N. Small, of Lancaster. Promoted to Surgeon 10th N. H. Vols. Aug. 20, 1863. John C. Emery. Mustered out June 21, 1865. Chaplain George C. Jones, of Nashua. Honorably discharged May 9, 1865. Sergeant Majors William J. Ladd, of Portsmouth. Promoted to Second Lieut. Dec. 30, 1862. Charles C. Favor, of Boston, Mass. Promoted to Second Lieut. Nov. 28, 1863. James M. Hodgdon, of Rollinsford. Wounded severely Sept. 30, 1864. Promoted to Second Lieut. June 15, 1865. Quartermaster Sergeants M. L. Morrison of Peterboro . Promoted to Quartermaster, Aug. 12, 1863. Charles A. Ames, of Peterborough. Mastered out June 21, 1865. 480 THE GREAT REBELLION. Commissary Sergeants George II. Taggard, of Nashua. Promoted to Second Lieut. March 16, 1864. George W. Ferguson, of Monroe. Promoted to First Lieut. July 15, 1864. George Burns, of Concord. Promoted to Second Lieut. June 15, 1865. Hospital Stewards John J. Whittemore. Discharged for disability Nov. 22, 1862. Koyal B. Prescott, of Nashua. Promoted to First Lieut. Oct. 28, 1864. D. W. Butterfield, of Nashua, Mustered out June 21, 1865. Principal Musicians Charles C. Hall, of Stratford. Died of disease Jan. 22, 1865. Manson S. Brown of Campton. Mustered out June 21, 1865. COMPANY OFFICERS. Co. A. Captains William Grantman, of Wakefield. Promoted to Major June 1, 1863. Buel C. Carter, of Ossipee. Appointed A. Q. M. Vols., May 17, 1864. George A. Bruce, of Mont Vernon. Wounded slightly Sept. 29, 1864. Mustered out June 21, 1865. First Lierits. Buel C. Carter, of Ossipee. Wounded severely Dec. 13, 1862. Promoted to Captain June 1, 1863. Charles B. Gafney, of Ossipee. Wounded severely June 15, 1*864. Mustered out June 21, 1865. Second Lieuts. Charles B. Gafney, of Ossipee. Promoted to First Lieut. June 1, 1863. Henry Churchill, of Brookneld. Honorably discharged for disability Feb. 28, 1865. Co. B. Captains Elisha E. Dodge, of Rollinsford. Wounded severely June 15, 1864. Died of wounds June 22, 18G4. Marshall Saunders, of Littleton. Wounded slightly Sept. 29, 1864. Mustered out June 21, 1865. First Lieuts. George A. Bruce, of Mont Yernon. Promoted to Captain May 30, 1864. William J. Ladd, of Portsmouth. Wounded severely Sept. 29, 1864. Appointed Captain U. S. V., by brevet, for gallant and meritorious services, to date from March 13, 1865. Mustered out as First Lieut. June 21, 1865. Second Lieuts. N. B. Boutwell, of Lyndeboro . Promoted to Adjutant March 24, 1863. THIRTEENTH REGIMENT. 481 Charles M. Kittridge, of Mont Yernon. Resigned Nov. 3, 1863. Charles C. Favor, of Boston, Mass. Honorably discharged Sept. 5, 1864. Co. C. Captains Charles 0. Bradley, of Concord. Resigned June 10, 1864. James M. Durell, of New Market. Mustered out June 21, 1865. First Lieuts. Charles H. Curtis, of Farmirigton. Promoted to Captain Oct. 28, 1864. Royal B. Fresco tt, of Nashua. Mustered out June 21, 1865. Second Lieuts. Rufus P. Staniels, of Concord. Promoted to First Lieut. Feb. 20, 1863. "Wm. H. McConney, of Windham. Mustered out June 21, 18G5. Co. D. Captain George Fair, of Littleton. Wounded severely June 1, 1864. Mustered out June 21, 1865. First Lieuts. Edward Kilburn, of Littleton. Resigned Jan. 24, 1863. Marshall Saunders, of Littleton. Promoted to Captain July 15, 1864. Rohert R. Thompson, of Stratford. Killed in action at Fort Harrison, Va., Sept. 29, 1864. Andrew J. Sherman, of Bethlehem. Mustered out June 21. 1865. Second Lieuts. Marshall Saunders, of Littleton. Promoted to First Lieut. Jan. 25, 1863. Andrew J. Sherman, of Bethlehem. Promoted to First Lieut Oct. 28, 1864. Co. E. Captain George N. Julian, of Exeter. Mustered out Jan. 31, 1865. First Lieuts. James M. Durell, of New Market. Wounded Dec. 13, 1862. Wounded slightly June 3, 1864. Promoted to Captain July 15, 1864. Oliver M. Sawyer, of Nashua. Honorably discharged March 10, 1865. Second Lieuts. H. H. Murray, of New Market. Promoted to First Lieut. Feb. 20, 1863. S. Millett Thompson, of Durham. Wounded severely June 15, 1864. Honorably discharged Oct. 4, 1864. Co. F. Captains Lewis H. Buzzell, of Barrington. Killed May 3, 1863, 482 THE GREAT REBELLION. Gustavus A. Forbush, of Peterborough. Killed in action at Fort Harrison, Va., Sept. 29, 1864. Charles H. Curtis, of Farmington. Mustered out June 21, 1865. First Lieuts. Wm. H. H. Young, of Barrington. Honorably discharged Feb. 2, 1864. Jonathan Dustin, of Barrington. Honorably discharged Oct. 1, 1864. George H. Taggard, of Nashua. *" Promoted to Adjutant May 30, 1865. Second Lieuts. Hubbard W. Hall, of Stratford. Promoted to First Lieut. May 1, 1863. Jonathan Dustin, of Barrington. Promoted to First Lieut. March 16, 1864. George H. Taggard, of Nashua. Wounded severely June 3, 1864. ^Promoted to First Lieut. Oct. 28, 1864. Co. G. Captains N. I). Stoodley, of Peterborough. Promoted to Major Oct. 28, 1864. Lewis P. Wilson, of Greenfield. Mustered out June 21, 1865. First Lieuts. G. A. Forbush, of Peterborough. Promoted to Captain May 5, 1863. Lewis P. Wilson, of Greenfield. Promoted to Captain Jan. 2, 1865. Lucius C. Oliver, of New Ipswich. Promoted to First Lieut. March 1, 1866. Co. H. Captains Normand Smith, of Ste wartstowu. Promoted to Major July 15, 1864. Rufus P. Staniels, of Concord. Mustered out June 21, 1865. First Lieuts. Albe Holmes, of Stratford. Resigned Feb. 19, 1863. Rufus P. Staniels, of Concord. Wounded severely June 1, 1864. Promoted to Captain July 15, 1864. George W. Ferguson, of Monroe. Mustered out June 21, 1865. Second Lieuts. Edward Parker, of Nashua. Resigned May 28, 1863. Robert R, Thompson, of Stratford. Wounded severely May 16, 1864. Promoted to First Lieut. July 15, 1864. Co. I. Captains Luther M. Wright, of Nashua. Resigned Dec. 29, 1862. Enos W. Goss, of Portsmouth. Killed in action Oct. 27, 1864. THIRTEENTH REGIMENT. 483 First Lieuts. Alfred S. Smith, of Pelham. Resigned Nov. 14, 1862 Major A. Shaw, of Nashua. Wounded Dec. 13, 1862. Resigned April 29, 1863. Hubbard W. Hall, of Stratford. Wounded severely Sept. 29, 1864. Promoted to Captain March 1, 1865. Lucius C. Oliver, of New Ipswich. Mustered out June 21, 1865. Second Lieuts. Major A. Shaw, of Nashua. Promoted to First Lieut Nov, 15, 1862. Oliver M. Sawyer, of Nashua. Promoted to First Lieut. July 15, 1864. Henry B. Wheeler, of Peterborough. Wounded slightly Sept. 29, 1864. Mustered out June 21, 1865. Co. K. Captains Matthew T. Betton, of Portsmouth. Mustered out June 21, 1865. First Lieuts. Enoch W. Goss, of Portsmouth. Promoted to Captain Dec. 30. 1862. Nathan J. Coffin, of Portsmouth. Resigned June 9, 1863. Henry II. Murray, of New Market. Captured Oct. 27, 1864. Paroled Feb. 15, 1865. Mustered out June 21,1865. Second Lieuts. Nathan J. Coffin, of Portsmouth. Promoted to First Lieut. Dec. 30, 1862. William J. Ladd, of Portsmouth. Promoted to First Lieut. May 30, 1864. GENERAL AARON FLETCHER STEVENS. General Stevens was born at Berry, in Rockingham County, New Hampshire, August 9, 1819. When he was quite young his parents removed to Peterborough, in Hillsborough County. After attending the public schools of Derry and Peterborough he received a good academic education, and taught school several terms. In 1838 he removed to Nashua, and pursued a course of study for three years with industry and zeal, calculated to fit him for the active duties of life. In 1842 he com menced the study of law in the office of Hon. George Y. Sawyer, an eminent member of the Hillsborough County bar, and since one of the Justices of the 484 THE GREAT REBELLION. Supreme Judicial Court of New Hampshire. In 1845 he was admitted to the bar and at once entered into copartnership with Mr. Sawyer, soon became known in his own and adjoining counties as an able, industrious and careful practitioner, and with his partner com manded an extensive business. In 1856 Mr. Stevens was appointed by the Governor and Council, Solicitor for Ilil Isbo rough County, and performed the responsible duties of th*e position with faithfulness, ability and suc cess for five years, and until the rebellion broke out. In the prosecution of the large number of criminal cases arising in that county he met the ablest lawyers in the State, sustained himself with credit on all occasions, and took a high and honorable position among his legal brethren. In 1858 Mr. Stevens became a partner of Hon. Aaron W. Sawyer, of Nashua, which arrangement continued until the former entered the army, to aid in the suppression of a most wicked rebellion. During the existence of the Whig party Mr. Stevens was one of its most active members. In 1849 he was elected to the popular branch of the Legislature from Nashua, and again in 1854, and was one of the most industrious and useful members of that body. He was also elected to the Legislature in 1856 and 1857, taking a leading position on committees, and upon the floor, as an able, earnest and pleasing debater, espousing and maintaining the principles of the Republican party. He was a member of the "Whig National Convention at Baltimore, in 1852, which nominated General Winfield Scott as the candidate for President. When the war of the rebellion broke out, in April, 1861, Mr. Stevens was among the first men in the State to tender his services to the Governor. When the First Regiment was being organized he was tendered and accepted the position of Major of it, and served with that organization until the expiration of its term of THIRTEENTH REGIMENT. 485 enlistment, with credit to himself and the State. "When the Thirteenth Regiment was organized, in the autumn of 1862, Major Stevens was commissioned its Colonel, went with it to the field, and followed its fortunes until the end of the war. He distinguished himself for gallantry, courage, coolness and skill as an officer on many bloody fields, and was often commended by his superior officers. In the assault on Fort Harrison, September 29, 1864, Colonel Stevens was in command of a brigade, comprising his own and three -New York regiments. He fell severely wounded while at the head of his brigade and within a few yards of the fort, where he remained until the colors of his command were planted upon the parapet of the captured work, and was then carried from the field. For his gallant and meritorious conduct in this and other engagements, Colonel Stevens was appointed Brigadier General United States Volunteers, by brevet, to date from December 8, 1864. General Burnham, commanding the brigade in the attack on Petersburg, June 15, 1864, in his report of the affair to General Brooks, commanding the di vision, said " I desire particularly to bring to your favora ble notice Colonel Aaron F. Stevens, of the Thirteenth New Hampshire Volunteers, both for his personal gallan try in charging the enemy s works on the 15th, and for the able manner in which he handled his regiment on that occasion. To him and to his regiment the success which was achieved is due in a very great measure, and I take pleasure in recommending him for promotion." This recommendation was fully and heartily endorsed by General Brooks in his report to General Smith, com manding the Eighteenth Army Corps. General Stevens military record is identical with that of the Thirteenth Regiment, and both are in a high degree honorable to the State. General Stevens was nominated as a candidate foi 486 THE GREAT REBELLION. member of Congress from the Second New Hampshire District, in December, 1866, and was elected the follow ing March ; and was elected for a second term in March, 1869. He has served on the standing committees on Revolutionary Claims, arid llTaval Affairs, and as a mem ber of the special committee on the Treatment, of Union Prisoners. As at the bar of his own country, in the Legislature of his own State, and in the army for the suppression of the rebellion, so in Congress has General Stevens maintained a high and honorable position, for his industry on committees, his ability in debate, and his wisdom as a statesman. On the 5th of October, 1862, the Thirteenth Regiment received its colors, at the State House, from the hand of Hon. Allen Tenny, Secretary of State, and on the following day left for Washington, fully armed and equipped. It went into camp near Fort Albany, on the south side of the Potomac, where it remained several weeks, engaged mostly in drill. The regiment arrived at Falmouth, opposite Fredericksburg, Va., on the 9th of December, and was assigned to the First Brigade, commanded by Colonel Hawkins, Third Division, Gen eral Getty, of the Mnth Army Corps, then commanded by General 0. B. Wilcox. The Thirteenth crossed the Rappahannock river, with its brigade, on the llth, and held the lower part of the city. During the greater .part of the battle on the 13th, the regiment was protected from the guns of the enemy by a bluff under which it was stationed. About five o clock in the afternoon General Getty was ordered to attempt with his division what two corps had failed to accomplish, and had been repulsed with terrible slaugh ter. He was to carry the batteries on Marye s Height the most formidable position in the enemy s line. The division consisted of but two brigades Hawkins and THIR TEENTH REGIMENT. 487 Harland s. The former posted his brigade in two lines. The Thirteenth was on the right of the second line. The order to advance was obeyed promptly. The troops moved across the railroad under a considerable fire from both musketry and artillery, and charged up the steep bank, hoping to carry the works which crown ed its crest. It was so dark that the line was consider ably confused, and, receiving a terrific volley when within a few rods from the enemy, and the point aimed at, the regiments were broken up and retreated in dis order. The lines of the Tenth and Thirteenth New Hampshire were immediately reformed* by their com manders, expecting to renew the attack, but the whole command was soon ordered to retire to the city. The troops recrossed the river on the night of the 15th, and the regiment returned to its old encampment. During the evacuation of the city, and while the remainder of the division retired across the river, the Thirteenth held the Union picket line along the railroad and on both sides of Hazel run. Lively firing was kept up during the night with the enemy s pickets. It was a position of responsibility and peril, and was held by the regi ment until three o clock on the morning of the 16th, when it was relieved and again joined its brigade. In this battle the Thirteenth lost three ofiicers and thirty- nine men killed, wounded and prisoners. Captain Car ter and Lieuts. Durell and Shaw were slightly wounded. This was the first time the regiment had met the enemy or been under fire, but it proved the coolness and gal lantry of the officers and the bravery of the men. The Thirteenth shared with the army the cold and snow, the mud and exposure of Falmouth, and suffered severely from sickness of ofiicers and men. It moved with the Ninth Corps to Newport News, in February, 1863, and on the 13th of March, with the division, to Suffolk, where it was actively engaged in the defense of 488 THE GREAT REBELLION. that place against the siege which soon followed, and was under fire most of the time for four weeks. On the 3d of May a reconnoissance was ordered, and the Thirteenth and three other regiments, with some artillery and cavalry, crossed the Nansemond on the Providence Church road, and in their advance drove in the skirmishers of the enemy, who retired to their rifle- pits in the edge of the woods, where they occupied a line more than half a mile long. Upon this the Thir teenth, with a part of the Eighty-ninth New- York, charged, under command of Colonel Stevens, and car ried the works at the point of the bayonet, the killed and wounded of the enemy falling into the hands of the Union troops. The enemy were driven through the woods, and a strong line of intrenchments, heavily gar risoned, unmasked. The artillery opened a sharp fire upon the works, which was briskly replied to, the fight lasting until dark. The same night the enemy withdrew from his position, raised the siege of Suffolk, and retreated toward Blackwater, closely followed by the Union troops, who captured a large number of prison ers. The regiment was particularly complimented for its conduct in this affair. Its loss in killed and wounded was about thirty. Captain Buzzell was killed, and Lieut. Murray severely, and Captain Stoodley slightly, wounded. During the ensuing summer and fall the reginent was engaged upon the fortifications in the vicinity of Ports mouth, doing an immense amount of labor. It partici pated in General Dix s expedition to Hanover Junction, in June, suffering much from the exposure and hardship of the march, which was followed after its return to camp, by extraordinary sickness and mortality. Com panies B and D were soon after placed in Fort Tailing- hast, in the line of defenses, where they remained until the following winter, instructed and exercised in heavy THIR TEENTH REGIMENT. 489 artillery. The regiment passed the winter in comforta ble quarters, erected by the men, doing but little severe duty. During the fall and winter the regiment received an accession of two hundred and forty recruits, many of whom were substitutes. For the campaign of 1864 the regiment was organized with the Second Brigade and First Division of the Eighteenth Army Corps. The brigade was composed of the Tenth and Thirteenth New Hampshire, Eighth Connecticut, and Hundred and Eighteenth New York, under command of Brigadier General Hiram Burnharn, formerly colonel of the Sixth Maine. The Eighteenth Corps was under command of Major General "W. F. Smith. From Yorktown the corps moved up the James river, landed at Bermuda Hundred, and on the 7th of May the Thirteenth was engaged with the enemy on the "Walthal railroad; and on the 9th and 10th fought them at Swift creek, near Petersburg, driving them across the creek, and losing in these operations several men killed and wounded. On the 12th it again met the enemy on the Richmond and Petersburg turn pike, drove them toward Richmond, capturing several prisoners; on the 13th and 14th drove them across Kingsland creek from their rifle-pits and intrenchments, and capturing their outer line %>f works at Drury s Bluff. The regiment was constantly under fire, a por tion of it being night and day on the skirmish line, with the remainder in support. The position in the captured works assigned to the Thirteenth, being on the extreme left of the brigade, with the Tenth New Hampshire joining it on the right, was held until the morning of the 16th, when Beauregard, with thirty thousand troops, in the dense fog, attacked General Butler s line, and surprised and routed General Heckman s command on the right, forcing it back. The attack commenced about four o clock, but the tenth and Thirteenth were 490 THE GREAT REBELLION. under arms and prepared to receive the enemy. The day previous General Burnham hacfe caused wires to be stretched along the front of his command, fastened to stumps, and about a foot from the ground. The rebels made a fierce attack on the skirmishers in front of the two New Hampshire Regiments, and forced them to retire ; but they were soon rallied, and their line reformed and held, until the enemy, being re-enforced, massed his troops directly in front of the Thirteenth, and advanced to the assault of its position, in three lines, forcing the skirmishers to retire to the main body. The enemy emerged from the woods and moved forward evenly under a hot and deliberate fire. When the enemy reached the wire his lines were entirely broken, when some fled and others threw down their arms. Each successive line was broken as soon as it reached the wire, and met the same fate as the" first. The attack was handsomely repulsed by the Thirteenth, aided by the oblique fire of the Tenth. The enemy made two like attemps to carry the position, but were each time repulsed with heavy loss. The Thirteenth took fifty- nine prisoners, principally from the Forty-fourth Ten nessee and North Carolina regiments, including the Adjutant General of Bushrod Johnson. About nine o clock peremptory orders were received from the di vision commander to retire, the right and left of the line having fallen back, and they were reluctantly obeyed. The loss of the regiment in these operations toward Petersburg and Richmond, was thirty-one killed, wounded and prisoners. Lieut. R. R. Thompson was wounded severely while on the picket line. The regiment with its corps arrived at Cold Harbor on the 1st of June, and on the afternoon of that day engaged the enemy, advancing under a terrific fire of artillery and musketry, gaining and holding an advanced position commanding the enemy s works. Tlr Thir- THIRTEENTH REGIMENT. 491 teentli was in front of its brigade, and lost heavily sixty officers and men having fallen in less than five minutes. Colonel Stevens and Captain Goss were slightly, and Captain Fair and Lieut, Staniels, severely wounded. On the 3d, the day of the main battle at Cold Harbor, the regiment was in front of and near the enemy s lines and under fire, suffering severely, but was not ordered to attack. Lieut. George H. Taggard was severely wounded, and Lieut. J. M. Durell received a slight wound in the neck. In subsequent operations at Cold Harbor the regiment was constantly on duty at the front, losing several men, among whom was Captain Julian, slightly wounded. The total casualties of the regiment at Cold Harbor were: officers wounded, six; men killed, fourteen; wounded and prisoners, sixty -four; total eighty-four. ATTACK ON PETERSBURG. On the 15th of June, in an attack upon Petersburg, the Thirteenth, under Colonel Stevens, covered the front of its whole division, and behaved so bravely as to call forth, in the reports of the generals commanding the brigade and division especial commendation. Gen eral Burnham, in his report, said : " I threw my skir mishers forward, and assaulting their line, advancing on the double-quick, under a severe musketry and artillery fire. My line dashed across the open field to the ene my s French rifle-pits, which they captured with the entire force that occupied them. Nearly a hundred prisoners were captured here and were hastily sent to the rear, a portion of them guarded by men from the Thirteenth New Hampshire, while others were probably driven to the rear without any guard whatever. Colonel Stevens then moved the line forward, and still encoun tering a severe fire, they dashed across the open plain, 492 THE GREAT REBELLION. through the ravine and up to the enemy s formidable works, assaulting and capturing battery No. 5 in a gal lant manner. Captains E. W. Goss, George IN". Julian and N". D Stoodley, of the Thirteenth New Hampshire, were among the first to enter the battery, and to them the officers commanding it surrendered. Lieut. Colonel Council, of the Twenty-sixth Virginia regiment, Major Beatty, and another Major, name unknown, surrendered their swords to Captain Julian, while Captain Sturte- vant, commanding the field battery which was captured, surrendered his sword to Captain Stoodley. The Thir teenth captured in this work one color, five pieces of artillery and about one hundred prisoners. The number of prisoners captured in the whole affair could not have been less than two hundred." Immediately after the fort was entered by the Thirteenth, the captured guns, were, by order of Colonel Stevens, turned and fired on the retreating enemy. The loss of the regiment was heavy. Captain E. E. Dodge, a gallant officer, fell mortally wounded before the works were reached, and died in hospital seven days after. Adjutant Boutwell and Lieut. Gafney were dangerously wounded in front of, and near the works, while gallantly pressing forward in the assault. The whole number of killed and wounded, in the operations of the day, was forty-nine, the regiment going into action with fifteen officers and one hundred and eighty-nine muskets. Two rebel flags, one taken by Sergeant James B,. Morrison, of Company K, the other by Corporal Peter Mitchell, of the same company, were sent by Colonel Stevens to the Governor of New Hampshire. The Thirteenth remained in front of Petersburg until the 27th of August. At the explosion of the " Mine," on the 30th of July, the brigade held the outer position of the Union works in front of the " crater" for two days after the other troops had retired. On the 25th of THIRTEENTH REGIMENT. 493 Jub he regiment was transferred to the First Brigade of tne division, and Colonel Stevens was assigned to its command, which he retained until the assault on Fort Harrison, on the 29th of September. This was a formidable work in the enemy s line, at Chapin s Farm, half a mile from the north bank of the James river, and about six miles from Richmond. To the First Division, commanded by Brigadier General Stannard, of Vermont, was assigned the duty of assaulting and capturing this work. The division came upon the enemy s pickets at daylight on the morning of the 29th, and skirmishing at once commenced. The details of this engagement have been given in the history of the Tenth Regiment. On the next day, the 30th, the enemy attempted to re take the fort, making four assaults upon the lines estab lished by the Union troops, but was each time repulsed with terrible slaughter. In these assaults the Thirteenth received the enemy in open ground. Of their part in these operations, the official report of Lieut. Colonel Smith, gives the following account: "On the morn ing of the 30th the regiment was again moved into the fort and placed at work on the left, where we were when it was found the enemy were massing on the right, when we were moved to the extreme right of the fort, our rigbt resting on the intrenchments. About twenty minutes afterward the enemy made the attack. The regiment was almost entirely unprotected during the engagement, but never flinched, and kept up a de structive fire upon the advancing enemy, who were re pulsed in every attempt to recapture the fort. After the repulse of the enemy, Captain Goss, Company I, com manding sharpshooters, captured the colors of three regi ments of Clingman s brigade, with several prisoners." The conduct of the officers and men of the Thirteenth on these two days was superb. But again its loss was 494 THE GREAT REBELLION. severe. More than one-half the command which left camp on the night of the 28th, had melted away under the fire of the enemy. Two officers and thirteen men were killed, and seven officers and fifty-nine men wound ed. Captain Forbush and Lieut. R, E. Thompson, both brave officers, were killed in the assault and capture of the fort. Colonel Stevens fell severely wounded in the assault, while at the head of his regiment and brigade, and within a few yards of the fort. Lieut. Colonel Smith, Captains Saunders and Bruce, and Lieuts. Ladd, Hall and Wheeler, were wounded. The Thirteenth was assigned as a part of the garrison to Fort Harrison, now called Fort Burnham, in honor of General Burnham, who lost his life in its capture. It participated with its division in the movement to the Williamsburg road, on the 27th of October, but was held in reserve, and its list of casualties was small. It returned to Fort Harrison the next day. In the re organization of the Army of the James, in December, the Thirteenth was assigned to the First Brigade of the Third Division of the Twenty-fourth Corps, with which it served until its muster out of the service. During the winter furlough prizes were offered to the best soldier in each division. Sergeant Shattuck, of Company B, Thirteenth New Hampshire, received the first furlough granted, in a division of over six thousand men, and during the winter the regiment carried off a very large portion of the furlough prizes. The Thirteenth Regiment participated in the final movement upon Richmond, on the 3d of April, 1865. General Devens, commanding the division, in a m- plimentary letter to Governor Smyth, of this State, dated at Richmond, June 22, 1865, speaking of the Tenth, Twelfth and Thirteenth regiments, says : " On the formation of the Twenty-fourth Corps, all these regiments formed a part of the Third Division, to which THIRTEENTH REGIMENT. 495 they have until now belonged, and were of the first column that entered Richmond on the morning of April 3d, 1865, the Thirteenth New Hampshire being the first regiment of the army whose colors were brought into the city." The Thirteenth was mustered out of the United States service on the 22d of June, and came home with the Tenth and Twelfth, under command of Brevet Brigadier General Donohoe. Arrived at Nashua, the officers of the brigade assembled at the Indian Head House and Captain George A. Bruce, of the Thirteenth, upon the staff of General Donohoe, in their behalf, presented General Aaron F. Stevens, their old and esteemed commander, a saber, sash and belt, suitable to his rank. The General accepted the gift in a handsome and feeling speech, after which he reviewed the brigade, and it appeared so well as to receive the warmest en comiums of thousands of spectators who witnessed it. Authority was received from the general command ing the army for the Thirteenth Regiment to inscribe upon its colors the names and dates of the following engagements : Fredericksburg, December 13, 1862. Siege of Suffolk, April and May, 1863. Walthal Road, May 7, 1864. Swift Creek, May 9 and 10, 1864. Kingsland Creek, May 12 and 13, 1864. Drury s Bluff, May 14 and 16, 1864. Cold Harbor, June 1 and 3, 1864. Battery 5, Petersburg, June 15, 1864. Battery Harrison, September 29 and 30, 1864. The regiment was paid off and finally discharged at Concord on the 1st of July, 1865. Its record while in the service is a better commendation than words. 496 THE GREAT REBELLION. FOURTEENTH REGIMENT. The Fourteenth was the last of the three years regi ments raised in New Hampshire. Like those which had preceded it, this regiment was composed of the intelligent and patriotic young men of the State, who enlisted from a sense of duty to the country. It was filled mostly with residents of the four western counties. Cheshire County furnished four companies, while Sulli van, Grafton, Coos, Carroll, Merrimack and Hills- borough Counties furnished one Company each. The regiment was organized at Concord, and its muster into the United States service was completed on the 24th of September, 1862. The following were its field, staff and company officers, with the official record of each : FIELD AND STAFF OFFICERS. COLONELS Robert "Wilson, of Keene. Honorably discharged Sept 6, 1864. Alexander Gardiner, of Claremont. Wounded severely Sept. 19, 1864. Died of wounds Oct. 8, 1864. Carroll D. Wright, of Swanzey. Honorably discharged March 18, 1865. Lieut. Colonels Tileston A. Barker, of Westmoreland. Honorably discharged Feb. 5, 1865. Oliver H. Marston, of Sandwich. Mustered out July 8, 1865. Majors Samuel A. Duncan, of Plainfield. Resigned Sept. 10, 1863, to accept Colonelcy in a colored regiment. Alexander Gardiner, of Claremont, - Promoted to Colonel Sept. 12, 1864. Flavel L. Tolman, of Rindge. Mustered out July 8, 1865. Adjutants Alexander Gardiner, of Claremont. Promoted to Major, Sept. 12, 1863. FOURTEENTH REGIMENT. 4U7 Carroll D. Wright, of Swanzey. Promoted to Colonel Dec. 6, 1864. L. Warren Wright, of Richmond. Mustered out July 8, 1865 Quartermasters William A. Heard, of Sandwich. Resigned Oct. 15, 1863. Charles F. Webster, of Jaffrey. Mustered out July 8, 1865. Surgeon William Henry Thayer, of Keene. Mustered out July 8, 1865. Ass t Surgeons Marshall Perkins, of Marlow. Mustered out July 8, 1865. Franklin C. Weeks, of Chester. Died of disease at New England Kooms, New York City, March 28, 1864. Chaplain Elihu T. Rowe, of Plainfield. Resigned July 20, 1863 Sergeant Majors William H. Bryant, of Plainfield. Promoted to Second Lieut. Sept. 20, 1863 J. Henry Jenks, of Keene. Killed at Cedar Creek, Va., Oct. 19, 1864. John L. King, of Hinsdale. Promoted to First Lieut. Jan. 4, 1865. John Leathers, of JaiFrey. Mustered out July 8, 1865. Quartermaster Sergeants Albert F. Hussey, of Dover. Promoted to First Lieut. Nov. 22, 1864. B. Frank Fellows, of Sandwich. Mustered out July 8, 1865. Commissary Sergeants Milton S. Howe. Died of disease, at Offutt s Cross Roads, Md., Nov. 24, 1862. James W. Russell, of Keene. Promoted to Second Lieut. Jan. 4, 1865. Moses Wadleigh, of Weare. Mustered out July 8, 1865. Hospital Stewards George D. Richardson, of Keene. Promoted to First Lieut. Jan. 4, 1865. Charles Hastings. Mustered out July 8, 1865 Principal Musicians Henry M. Staples, of Keene. Mustered out July 8, 1865 George A. Day, of Keene. Mustered out July 8, 1865 498 THE GREAT REBELLION. COMPANY OFFICERS. * Co. A. Captains Frank T. Barker, of Westmoreland. Honorably discharged April 27, 1864. Nathaniel L. Chandler, of Xewburv. Died of disease at Bradford, N. H., Sept. 11, 1864. George F. Blanchard, of Ilopkinton. Mustered out July 8, 1865. First Lieuts. Charles P. Hall, of Westmoreland. Promoted to Captain Feb. 19, 1864. Henry S. Paull, of Claremont. Killed near Winchester, Va., Sept 19, 1864. L. Warren Wright, of Richmond. Promoted to Adjutant Jan 4, 1865. Charles G. Howard, of Winchester. Mustered out July 8, 1865. Second Lieuts. Xorman Howe, of Hinsdale. Honorably discharged Nov. 3, 1863. Henry S. Paull, of Claremont. Promoted to First Lieut. Feb. 19, 1864. L. Warren Wright, of Richmond. Promoted to First Lieut. Nov. 22, 1864. Co. B. Captains John J. Johnson, of Walpole. Honorably discharged Nov. 3, 1863. William A. Fosgate, of Winchester. KiUed near Winchester, Va., Sept. 19, 1864. David A. McCurdy, of Webster. Wounded Sept. 19, 1864. Mustered out July 8, 1865. First Lieuts. Artemas Adams, of Walpole. Resigned April 1, 1863. Charles E. Holbrook, of Charlestown. Honorably discharged April 23, 1864. David A. McCurdy, of Webster. Promoted to Captain Nov. 22, 1864. George D. Richardson, of Keene. Mustered out July 8, 1865 Second Lieuts. C. E. Holbrook, of Charlestown. Promoted to First Lieut. April 4, 1863. Henry E. Barrett, of Charlestown. Discharged March 22, 1864. Artemas B. Colburn, of Richmond. Killed at Winchester, Va., Sept. 19, 1864. FO UR TEENTH REGIMENT. 499 Co. C. Captains Amos D. Combs, of Swanzey. Dismissed Nov. 14, 1863. Charles P. Hall, of Westmoreland. Mustered out July 8, 1865. First Lieuts. Ira Berry, jr., of Keene. Promoted to Captain Oct 1, 1863. John K Bruce, of Manchester. Promoted to Captain Jan. 4, 1865. John L. King, of Hinsdale. Mustered out July 8, 1865. Second Lieuts. Carroll D. "Wright, of Swanzey. Promoted to Adjutant Sept. 20, 1863. George F. Blanchard, of Hopkinton. Promoted to First Lieut. Feb. 19, 1864. Franklin Wheeler, of Milan. Promoted to First Lieut. Nov. 22, 1864, Co. D. Captain Caleb W. Hodgdon, of Weare. Mustered out July S, 1865. * First Lieuts. Stark Fellows, of East "Weare. Resigned Sept. 4, 1863. Walter H. Sargent, of Webster. Wounded Sept. 19, 1864.^ Honorably discharged Jan, 18, 1865. Charles 0. Cragin, of Dublin. Mustered out Julj 8, 1865. Second Lieuts. John X. Brown, of Seabrook. Resigned March 9, 1863. William H. Bryant, of Plainlield. Promoted to First Lieut. Feb. 19, 1864. Russell F. Smith, of Hinsdale. Mustered out July 8, 1865. Co. E. Captains Freedom M. Rhodes, of Lancaster. Resigned July 23, 1863. Flavel L. Tolman, of Rindge. Promoted to Major Dec. 6, 1864. John ^. Bruce, of Manchester. Mustered out July 8, 1865. First Lieuts. William Cobleigh, of Hanover. Promoted to Captain Nov. 22, 1864. Franklin Wheeler, of Milan. Mustered out July 8, 1865. Second Lieuts. John E. Willis, of Gorham. Resigned Sept. 16, 1863. Jesse A. Fiske, of Dublin. Promoted to First Lieut May 27, 1864. 500 THE GREAT REBELLION. Asa W. Richardson, of Cornish. Promoted to First Lieut. Jan. 4, 1866. James W. Russell, of Keene. Promoted to First Lieut. Feb. 17, 1865. Co. F. Captains Theodore A. Ripley, of Winchester Mustered out May 15, 1865. First Lieuts. Stephen Phelps, of Winchester. Resigned Jan. 20, 1864 George F. Blan chard, of Hopkinton. Promoted to Captain Nov. 22, 1864. Elbridge D. Iladley, of Deering. Transferred "from Co. H, Nov. 22, 1864. Transferred to Co. I. Asa W. Richardson, of Cornish. Honorably discharged July 27, 1865. Second Lieuts. Wm. A. Fosgate, of Winchester. Promoted to First Lieut. Nov. 2, 1863. Elbridge D. Iladley, of Deering. Promoted to First Lieut. July 6, 1864. Marcus M. Holmes, of Dunbarton. Transferred from Co. II, July 6, 1864. Not mustered. Promoted to First Lieut. Nov. 22, 1864. Co. G. Captains Solon A. Carter, of Keene. Promoted to Assistant Adjutant General of Vols. July 3, 1864, with rank of captain. John W. Sturtevant, of Keene. Mustered out July 8, 1865. First Lieuts. C. Fred Webster, of Keene. Promoted to Quartermaster Oct. 16. 1863. Flavel L. Tolman, of Rindge. Promoted to" Captain Jan. 1, 1864. John W. Sturtevant, of Keene. Wounded Sept. 19, 1864. Promoted to Captain Jan. 4, 1865. Second Lieuts. Spencer L. Bailey, of Jaffrey. Resigned Feb. 18, 1863. Flavel L. Tolman, of Rindge. Promoted to First Lieut. Oct. 17, 1863. John W. Sturtevant, of Keene. Promoted to First Lieut. Jan 1, 1864. Edward B. Howard, of Alstead. Dishonorably discharged May 1, 1865. James H. Hunt, of Stoddard. Mustered out July 8, 1865. Co. H. Captains William E. Bunton, of Dunbarton. Discharged Sept. 25, 1863. FO UR TEEN Til REGIMENT. 501 Ira Berry, jr., of Keene. Wounded Sept. 19, 1864. Mustered out July 8, 1865. First Lieuts. Albert H. Sawyer, of Weare. Discharged Sept. 25, 1863. William A. Fosgate, of Winchester. Promoted to Captain Feb. 19, 1864. William H. Bryant, of Plainfield. Honorably discharged May 20, 1864. Marcus M. Holmes, of Dumbarton. Mustered out July 8, 1865. Second Lieuts. Walter II. Sargent, of Webster. Promoted to First Lieut. Nov. 1, 1863. David A. McCurdy, of Webster. Promoted to First Lieut. May 27, 1864. Co. I. Captains Sylvester M. Bugbee, of Cornish. Resigned Dec. 17, 1862. William H. Chaffin, of Claremont. Killed near Winchester, Va., Sept. 19, 1864. William Cobleigh, of Hanover. Mustered out July 8, 1865. First Lieuts. Nathan l L. Chandler, of Newbury. Promoted to Captain May 27, 1864. George H. Stone, of Maryborough. Wounded Sept. 19, 1864. Died of wounds Sept. 25, 1864. Second Lieuts. D. J. Pillsbury, of Grantham. Died of typhoid fever at Washington, D. C., Aug. 11, 1863. George H. Stone, of Marlborough. Promoted to First Lieut.^May 27, 1864. Henry P. Page, of Center Harbor. Mustered out May 15, 1865. Co. K. Captain Oliver H. Marston, of Sandwich. Promoted to Lieut. Colonel March 24, 1865. First Lieuts. Jason D. Snell, of Pembroke. Died of quick consumption, at Carrollton, La., April 26, 18C4. Jesse A. Fiske, of Dublin. Killed near Winchester, Va., Sept. 19, 1864. Albert F. Hussey, of Dover. Mustered out July 8, 1865. Second Lieuts. M. S. Webster, of Sandwich. Died at Sandwich, N. H., of wounds received at Winchester, Va., Sept. 19, 1864. Octavius C. Mason, of Sandwich. Mustered out July 8, 1865. 502 THE GREAT REBELLION. COLONEL ROBERT WILSOft. Colonel Robert Wilson was born at Peterborough, Hillsborough County, New Hampshire, September 24th, 1811. His father, Hon. James Wilson, a lawyer of con siderable distinction, removed to Keene in November, 1814. Colonel Wilson graduated at Amherst College, Massachusetts, in 1832. He was commissioned Captain of the Keene Light Infantry in" September, 1833, soon after the visit of that company to Concord to receive General Andrew Jackson. In 1836 and 1837 he com manded the Twentieth Regiment, New Hampshire Militia, and was then Division Inspector, under his brother, James Wilson, who was Major General of the Third Division. In 1847 he again took command of the Keene Light Infantry for a season, to assist in resusci tating it. Early in the summer of 1861 Colonel Wilson was offered the command of one of the regiments being raised in New Hampshire for the war, but was unable, for private reasons, to accept it. In August, 1862, he notiiied the Governor that if he would give him a full regiment he would go into the service. The reply was a Colonel s commission for the Fourteenth Regiment, which was to be the last of the three years regiments sent from the State, and which was expected to be a very large one. At one time the returns from the different enlist ing officers showed a list of nineteen hundred men await ing orders. When they reported at Concord there was such an avalanche of men, with no arms and no equip ments ready to furnish them, that many enlisting officers were permitted to tear up their papers and let the men go without being called upon. Indeed so late as October, 1862, there were thousands of men throughout the coun try, enlisted and organized into regiments and doing duty with clubs, awaiting clothing and arms, but the FOURTEENTH REGIMENT. 503 government had none to furnish. Rather than go to "Washington without arms, Colonel Wilson picked out of a lot of old state arms enough flint lock guns, altered into percussions, to arm one thousand men. These were very inferior guns, more dangerous to the men bearing them than to the enemy. It \vas not until June, 1863, that they were replaced by Springfield rifled muskets. Colonel Wilson continued in command of the Four teenth Regiment, being very careful of the health and comfort of his men, and enjoying their respect and con fidence, until the early part of September, 1864, when, on account of ill health, induced by the climate and the exposure of camp life, he resigned, and was honorably discharged. Colonel Wilson was elected a member from Keene of the popular branch of the New Hamp shire Legislature in 1868 and 1869, and was both years chairman of the standing committee on Military Affairs. COLONEL ALEXANDER GARDINER. Colonel Gardiner was born in the State of New York in 1833 ; graduated at Kimball Union Academy, Meri- den, New Hampshire; studied law and was admitted to the bar in New York City, when twenty-two years old, and soon after went to Kansas, with the intention of establishing himself in his professional business, and to assist in publishing a newspaper. His printing office was destroyed by the border ruffians, and the newspaper was abandoned. For a time he engaged in the border war, but on account of failing health returned home, and in the spring of 1859 opened an office and com menced the practice of law at Claremont, New Hamp shire, which he continued until the summer of 1862, when he was commissioned Adjutant of the Fourteenth Regiment. Colonel Robert Wilson, who commanded the regiment from its organization until the 6th of 504 THE GREAT REBELLION. September, 1864, when he resigned, wrote of Colonel Gardiner: "In September Adjutant Gardiner was pro moted to Major, on my recommendation as the man best fitted for the position, by education, talent and gentlemanly bearing. After we reached New Orleans, in April, 1864, Major Gardiner was in command of the regiment much of the time. On the 13th of July we sailed from New Orleans, leaving Major Gardiner with four companies behind. I only met him again in the valley of the Shenandoah, at Berryville, on the 19th of August. On the night of the 21st, the army was with drawn from its position in front of the enemy near Charlestown, Ya. The withdrawal of the pickets fell upon Major Gardiner as officer of the day. It was a delicate duty to perform, in the immediate face of the enemy, but was accomplished by him successfully. The lines had not been evacuated more than ten minutes before the enemy charged over our empty breastworks in full force, showing that they were on the alert for our movements. Major Gardiner was quite a nice man in his dress and personal appearance. He prided himself on wearing the nicest fitting boots in the regiment, and we had many a laugh at the rivalry between Dr. Thayer, Major Gardiner and Adjutant Wright, who all had a weakness toward nice boots. After Gardiner was wounded and left on the ground at the battle of Opequan Creek, his handsome boots attracted the eye of a Johnnie Eeb., who despoiled him of them, causing great pain and suffering. But Johnny had only a short lease of the boots, as he was taken prisoner before night and compelled to strip himself of the boots and lug them into camp hung around his neck, himself march ing barefooted over the flinty road." When Colonel Wilson was discharged, Brigadier General Birge, commanding the brigade of which the Fourteenth Eegiment formed a part, wrote the Gover- Col 4* U.S.C. Inft.Brt Ma\ Gen U S.V FO UR TEENTH REGIMENT. 505 nor of New Hampshire, requesting Major Gardiner s appointment over the Lieut. Colonel, who had held the office from the formation of the regiment. He wrote : "I am informed that Major Gardiner has been constantly on duty with his regiment since its organization. During the time it has been under my command he has performed the duties of his office with fidelity, ability and zeal, and I believe him well qualified and competent for the rank recommended. In my opinion, his pro motion is deserved, and will be for the benefit of the service and the regiment, and creditable to the State which he represents." This recommendation was fol lowed, and Major Gardiner received his commission as. Colonel only the day before the battle of Opequan Creek, near Winchester, Ya., September 19, 1864, where he was mortally wounded. He died of his wounds on the 8th of the following month. His remains were brought to Claremont and buried with Masonic honors by Hiram Lodge. Prof. E. T. Howe, of Kimball Union Academy, who had been Colonel Gardiner s teacher, and was for a time chaplain of his regiment, preached an appropriate and impressive sermon, at the town hall, to a large concourse of people. His horse with the empty saddle, followed him to the grave. GENERAL SAMUEL A. DUNCAN. Brevet Major General Samuel A. Duncan was born at Plainfield, Sullivan County, New Hampshire, June 19, 1836. His parents were Samuel Bell and Ruth Ticknor Duncan. He finished his preparatory college course of study at Kimball Union Academy, in his native village, Meriden, and graduated at Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, in 1858, taking the first honors of the class. After graduation he taught a high school two years at Quincy, Massachusetts, and 506 THE GREAT REBELLION. was then called back to Dartmouth College as tutor, where he remained until the summef of 1862. After the terrible reverses of the Union army at the Penin sula, in 1862, Mr. Duncan announced to his friends his resolve to enter the army, and said he would go as a private, if necessary. He was soon tendered the position of Major of the Fourteenth Regiment, which he accept ed, and was mustered in with the other field officers, in September, 1862. Major Duncan s regiment was engaged in provost duty at Washington, D. C., in the summer of 1863, when day by day the roar of conflict between the con tending hosts of the Union and of the Rebellion, in their northward march toward Gettysburg, was borne upon the wind to his camp, his inactive life became extremely irksome. An opportunity for escape, and more honorable, because more active and dangerous, service opened. The "War Department inaugurated the policy of organizing colored troops, and with a view to officering them established a Military Board of which General Casey was President, to examine candidates for appointment. Major Duncan appeared before this Board in July, and passed for " Colonel " in " Class 1," ranking first out of about two hundred examinations then made. On the 16th of September, 1863, he was commissioned Colonel of the Fourth Regiment U. S. Colored Infantry, then organizing in Baltimore. The first parade of this regiment through the streets of Baltimore, soon after, was one of the prominent events in the war annals of that secession city. The streets and buildings along the route of the procession were crowded with curious and with frowning spectators. Contrary to the apprehensions of the War Department the display passed off without any serious disturbance. On the 1st of October Colonel Duncan was ordered with his regiment to Fortress Monroe, and thence to FO UR TEENTH REGIMENT. 507 Yorktowii, where it passed the winter taking part in various expeditions in the Peninsula, prominent among which was General Wistar s attempt on Richmond ; the surprise and capture of the enemy s camp at Charles City Court House, and the march to the aid of Kilpat- rick in his expedition from the Army of the Potomac against Richmond. In the latter case the telegraphic order from Washington to send a column to support Kilpatrick, reached Yorktown about three o clock in the afternoon. At four the. troops of Colonel Duncan s brigade were on the march, amid a drenching rain and through the pitchy blackness of the pine woods above Williamsburg, and yet they made forty-six miles in twenty-three hours. In February, 1864, General Butler, then in command of the Department of Virginia and E"orth Carolina, organized a brigade of Colored Troops, consisting of Colonel Duncan s regiment, one from Ohio, and two from Philadelphia, and he was placed in command. It was the Third Brigade of the Colored Division of the Eighteenth Corps. "When the campaign of 1864 opened it was one of the very best officered and best drilled brigades in the entire army. General Smith commanded the Eighteenth Corps, and General Hinks was in command of the Colored Division. In the ascent of the James river on the 5th of May, Colonel Duncan s part of the programme was to land his brigade at City Point, where a desperate defense was anticipated, and preparations made accord ingly ; but the small garrison surrendered without firing a shot. On the 15th of June General Smith, with the Eighteenth Corps, assaulted the defenses of Petersburg, on which occasion the colored troops showed great dash and courage. After the successful assault in the morn ing upon the outer and temporary line of works, Colonel Duncan was ordered forward into the general line, and 508 THE GREAT REBELLION. to hold his troops in readines to charge at any moment. The division, by the withdrawal, after the engagement of the morning of one regiment, had been reduced to five regiments and two batteries, all which, save a single regiment, were under command of Colonel Duncan. General Hinks was seriously injured in the morning by his horse falling into a ditch, and could not afterward appear upon the field, and all the movements were made under the direction of Colonel Duncan though not the senior colonel by especial orders from General Hinks, who retained the nominal command. For six hours the troops remained in the line in an exposed position, before the order to charge was given. "When it was given the colored troops jumped to their feet, and made as gallant a charge as ever veterans made, capturing six pieces of artillery among the trophies of the day. The casualties during the afternoon exceeded a hundred. To Colonel Duncan belonged much of the credit of the important results of that day s work. Two hours after the fight was over, at ten o clock in the evening, Gen eral Hinks went to Colonel Duncan and thanked him for the part he had taken, and said that for his work he should have the same rank as himself. He at once made the recommendation, which went forward favora bly endorsed, but was not afterward heard from. At the attack on Battery Harrison, on the 29th of September, the colored troops under Colonel Duncan rendered gallant service. He lost two of his staff offi cers on that day, and was himself severely wounded in the ankle. He was incapacitated for field service for five months. In general orders, dated October 11, 1864, General Butler, in command of the Department of Vir ginia and North Carolina, said: "In the charge on the enemy s works by the colored division of the Eighteenth Corps at Spring Hill, New Market better men were never better led better officers never led better men. FO UR TEENTH REGIMENT. 509 With hardly an exception, officers of colored troops have justified the care with which they have been selected. A few more such gallant charges, and to command colored troops will be the post of honor in the American armies." In this order Colonel Duncan was recommended for promotion. Colonel Duncan rejoined his command in North Carolina, and participated in the operation against "Wilmington ; and subsequently, in common with Gen eral Terry s forces joined with Sherman in his move* ments against Raleigh and General Johnston. After the cessation of hostilities, he had local commands in North Carolina, and in the fall and winter of 1865 was in command of the line of forts surrounding Washing ton and on the northern bank of the Potomac. Colonel Duncan was brevetted Brigadier General for gallantry at New Market Heights, Va,, Sept. 29, 1864; and subsequently, upon the recommendation of his com manding officers, while yet in the field, was brevetted Major General of Volunteers. He was mustered out of the service on May 6th, 1866, and was- afterward a Special Agent in the War Department. For the last two years he has been a principal Examiner in the United States Pension office. The Fourteenth Regiment arrived at Washington when no further force was required in the Army of the Potomac, or at Fortress Monroe, and was ordered to report to General Grover, and was assigned to a brigade which consisted of the Thirty-ninth Massachusetts, Fourteenth New Hampshire, Tenth Vermont, and Twenty-third Maine regiments, Infantry, and Tenth Massachusetts Battery. General Grover was soon ordered to other duty, and the command of the brig ade devolved upon Colonel P. S. Davis, of the Thirty- ninth Massachusetts regiment. The winter was spent 510 THE GREAT REBELLION. by the brigade in the arduous duty of picketing the river for an extent of forty miles. In the latter part of April, 1863, the regiment marched to Washington, and went into camp on the north side of the city, at the end of New York Avenue, where it remained until February, 1864. During this time the regiment did provost duty in Washington, the nature of which was responsible and various. It furnished guards for the Old Capitol Prison and Central Guard House, and a number of men for about ten other posts in the city. One company was detached and on duty at the principal landing for steamboats and other vessels from the South. The chief duty of this detachment was the suppression of contraband trade and the arrest of unauthorized travelers. Thus the men were kept perpetually busy. Early in February the regiment was ordered to Har per s Ferry, and thence to Cumberland, eighty miles further west. They returned to Harper s Ferry, and then to Washington, arriving there on the 25th. Soon after the regiment was ordered to the Department of the Gulf, and after a brief visit to New Hampshire, they sailed from New York for New Orleans, on the 20th of March, on two vessels. On their arrival they were quartered at Camp Parapet, and did miscellaneous duty there, at Carrollton, Jefferson City and along Lake Pontchartrain as far as Pass Manchac, and furnished a large daily detail for labor on the fortifications. On the 7th of June the regiment reported to General Emery at Morganzia, near the mouth of the Red river, and was attached to General Birge s brigade. General Birge was absent and the command devolved on Colonel Robert Wilson, of the Fourteenth, and the command of the regiment upon Major Gardiner. This region was very unhealthy and malarious, and the men soon began FO URTEENTH REGIMENT. 511 to sink under the combined evil influences of a hot and unhealthy climate and improper diet. On the 13th of July the Fourteenth took transporta tion for the north, six companies under Colonel Wilson, on one vessel, and the remaining four under Major Gardiner, on another. The regiment was not re-united until the 19th of August, at Berry ville, where they joined Sheridan s army. Early in September Colonel "Wilson resigned on account of serious failure of health, and Major Gardiner was commissioned Colonel of the regiment. i BATTLE OF WINCHESTER. On the 19th of September occurred the battle at Opequan Creek, near Winchester, Va., in which the Fourteenth Regiment participated, and- suffered the loss of many of its bravest and best officers and men. The army was in position two miles to the westward of the Opequan, in two lines of battle, with the Eighth Corps in reserve. The advance was made at half-past eleven o clock, Birge s brigade on the right of the first line, and the Fourteenth New Hampshire on the right of the brigade. The rebels were driven from their position in splendid style, the brigades directly opposed to Birge s being completely broken. But it has been said the advance was too impetuous to permit the Union troops to hold the ground, for it brought them close upon a rebel battery which had been shelling them during the advance, and now at short range raked the line with grape and canister. The second line was a long distance in the rear, and the rebels were re-enforced by a division just arrived from Bunker Hill. The order was there fore given to fall back in order, and firing. In falling back the Fourteenth Regiment sustained a heavy loss. Thirteen officers of the twenty-one who went into the 512 THE GREAT REBELLION. fight, and one hundred and thirty men, were killed, wounded or prisoners. Only eight were taken prison ers, and some of these were wounded. Captains Chaffin and Fosgate, and Lieuts. Paull and Fiske were killed. Colonel Gardiner was mortally wounded, and died on the 8th of October. Eight other officers, and over a hundred men were more or less wounded. The second line came up, and the regiments of the first line took their place with them. Irregular firing was kept up while the Eighth Corps was getting into position on the right to turn the left flank of the rebels, and connect with the cavalry who were advancing down the Martins- burg pike. At four o clock the left of the enemy was completely turned, and the whole army advanced impet uously, driving the rebels beyond Winchester, taking twenty-five hundred prisoners, besides all their wound ed, and five pieces of artillery. The command of the regiment devolved on Captain Tolman. On the 20th of September the army moved after the retreating rebels. On the 22d was fought the brilliant battle of Fisher s Hill, the Fourteenth advancing in splendid style against the breastworks, with the first line of Grover s division. Our army followed the rebels closely for a week, falling upon their rear, until they reached Harrisonburg, eighty miles from Winchester. Captain Ripley was made provost marshal, and the Fourteenth Regiment was detailed for provost duty in the town. THE BATTLE OF CEDAR CREEK Occurred on the 19th of October, in which the Four teenth Regiment behaved so bravely as to win the approbation of General Birge. The battle commenced before sunrise, the rebels under General Early advanc ing with a heavy force from Fisher s Hill upon the FO UR TEENTH REGIMENT. 513 Union army, overwhelming and driving it back in some confusion, by greatly superior numbers. Later in the forenoon the advance of the rebel army was checked, and the Union army held their position. General Sheridan had been in Washington, and reached Win chester that morning. From there he rode with all possible haste, when he heard the artillery from Cedar creek, and reached the army between ten and eleven o clock. He at once made preparations for recovering the position that had been lost. While the rebels were kept in check by a ceaseless cannonade, the main line of the army was withdrawn and re-formed across the Winchester pike, a mile north of Middletown, confront ing the rebel army. Cavalry was on each wing, and the three corps were arranged in one long line of battle betw r een. At three o clock the line was ordered to advance. They met the rebels securely posted behind stone walls, dislodged them after hard fighting, drove them from wall to wall, from crest to crest; and by sunset had driven them beyond the ground from which the army had been forced in the morning. The cavalry coming in on the right and left, pursued the enemy up the valley to Fisher s Hill, and the next morning follow ed them to Mount Jackson. The rebel army left every thing in its flight forty-eight cannon, ambulances, wagons, and five thousand stands of arms. The cavalry brought in two thousand prisoners, which were all they could take care of. The day that opened with disaster, closed with such a victory as is not often seen. The total loss in this engagement was reported as four thousand and eighty-six. The Fourteenth Regiment lost eight killed, fifty-five wounded, and sixteen prison ers. Among those captured was Captain Ripley, who was in command of the regiment. He was taken prisoner soon after sunrise. The command of the regiment fell upon Captain Marston, which he retained 514 THE GREAT REBELLION. until the middle of December, when Captain Tolman was promoted to major. The same ^nonth Carroll D. Wright was promoted from Adjutant to Colonel, and assumed command. The first week in January the division to which the Fourteenth Regiment was attached moved to Savannah, and arrived there about the middle of the month, just as the last corps of Sherman s army was leaving the city, and General Grover assumed command of the district, which included the eastern part of the State. The Fourteenth, with other regiments, was quartered in the city on provost duty. Here the regiment remained until the 6th of May, when they marched to Augusta. While there they guarded Jeff. Davis, and the prison ers taken with him, to the steamer that carried him to Savannah. The regiment was ordered to Savannah early in June, to be mustered out, where it remained a month before transportation was obtained for the north. In March Colonel Wright and Lieut. Colonel Barker having resigned, Captain 0. H. Marston, Company K, was promoted to Lieut. Colonel, and commanded the regimeat until it was mustered out. Surgeon William Henry Thayer was appointed medical director of the second division, Nineteenth Corps, in February, and Assistant Surgeon Marshall Perkins had charge of the regiment from that time. Lieut. C. Fred Webster, regi mental quartermaster, was detailed as assistant post quartermaster. Captain Ira Berry, Jr., had command of Camp Distribution during the spring. Lieut. M. M. Holmes commanded the camp of colored refugees. Lieut. A. F. Hussey was detailed as assistant street commissioner. Captain George F. Blanchard was as sistant adjutant general of the first brigade, after December, 1864. A large number of officers and men w^ere detailed for responsible duties, and the regiment FO URTEENTH REGIMENT. 515 had the reputation of being faithful, brave and reliable, in every position. The Fourteenth Regiment lost by death above two hundred men and officers. Seventy of these fell in bat tle, or died of their wounds. The remainder sank under disease brought on in the discharge of their duty, in unhealthy climates, and among them were many val uable and beloved officers. The Governor and Council caused a suitable monu ment to be erected near Winchester, Va. It was dedicated on the 9th of April, 1866, with impressive ceremonies, and bears this inscription : " New Hampshire erects this Monument to the mem ory of her brave sons of the Fourteenth Regiment, who fell in battle, September 19th, 1864, upon this field, and are here buried in one common grave." Captain W. II. Chaffiu. Corporal G. W. Hazen. Private M. Marston. Captain W. A. Fosgate. Corporal S. Tasker. Private G. T. Souther. Lieutenant H. S. Paull. Corporal C. W. Noyes. Private W. A. Scott. Lieutenant J. A. Fiske. Private N. Wyman. Private L. Parker. Sergeant C. C. Wilson. Private S. H. Young. Private 0. A. Barnes. Sergeant G. W. Felch. Private G. Perrigo. Private S. Waters. Sergeant M. McCurdy. Private G. L. Wetherbee. Private H. 0. Baker. Sergeant A. A. Baker. Private F. B. Andrews. Private D. J. Cameron. Corporal N. P. Rust. Private H. L. Haynes. Private D. H. Phelps. Corporal D. W. Chase. Private A. E. Boyd. Corporal M. Allen. Private C. L. Roman. MORTALLY WOUNDED. Colonel A. Gardiner. Corporal G. W. Tucker. Private G. B. Cofran. Lieutenant A. B Colburn. Private L. Willard. Private II. Atwood. Lieutenant G. H. Stone. Private L. E. Bent. Private A. Harriiuan. Corporal 0. Straw. Private L. G. Merrill. Corporal H. F. Brown. Private R. Varney. 516 THE GREAT REBELLION. FIFTEENTH REGIMENT. This was the first regiment raised in New Hampshire under the call of the President for three hundred thousand nine months troops. Early in October it was determined to organize one regiment of nine months men to each of the three congressional districts, and the recruits then enrolled were ordered into camp at Con cord. Those coming first into the rendezvous, without regard to residence, were at once ordered into a regi ment under Colonel J. W. Kingman, of Durham, and were designated the Fifteenth New Hampshire Volun teers. The following are the field, staff and company officers, and their official record : FIELD AND STAFF OFFICERS. COLONELS John W. Kingman, of Durham. Mustered out August 13, 1 863. Lieut. Colonels George "W. Frost, of Newmarket. Resigned Feb. 14, 1863. Henry W. Blair, of Plymouth. Mustered out Aug. 13, 1863. Majors George W. Frost, of Newmarket. Promoted to Lieut. Colonel Oct. 7, 1862. Henry W. Blair, of Plymouth. Promoted to Lieut. Colonel April 8, 1863. John Aldrich, of Gilford. Mustered out August 13, 1863. Adjutant Edward E. Pinkham, of Laconia. Mustered out August 13, 1863. Quartermaster Ira A. Moody, of Dover. Mustered out August 13, 1863. Surgeons Jeremiah F. Hall, of Wolfehorough. Resigned Jan. 19, 1863. Carl II. Horsch, of Dover. Mustered out August 13, 1863. FIFTEENTH REGIMENT. 517 Ass t Surgeons Benjamin K Towle, of Newmarket. Mustered out August 13, 1863. Joseph E. Janvrin, of Exeter. Mustered out August 13, 1863. Chaplain Edwin M. Wheelock, of Dover. Resigned July 18, 1863. Sergeant Majors John 0. "Wallingford, of Dover. Promoted to Second Lieut. Jan. 18, 1863. Jeremiah H. W. Tebbetts, of Rochester. Mustered out August 13, 1863. Quartermaster Sergeant George W. Hobbs. Mustered out August 13, 1863. Commissary Sergeant Josiah Kimball. Discharged for disability May 16, 1863. Hospital Steward Willard C. Kempton, of Plaintield. Mustered out August 13, 1863. COMPANY OFFICERS. Co. A. Captains John Aldrich, of Gilford. Promoted to Major August 8, 1863. Thomas Coggswell, jr., of Gilmanton. Mustered out August 13, 1863. First Lieuts. Thos. Coggswell, jr., of Gilmanton. "promoted to Captain April 8, 1863 John B. Hendley, of Alton. Mustered out August ]3, 1863. Second Lieuts. John B. Hendley, of Alton. Promoted to First Lieut. August 8, 1863. Charles "W. Pickering, of Gilford. Mustered out August 13, 1863. Co. B. Captain John W. Ela, of Plymouth. Mustered out August 13, 1863. First Lieut. Henry D. Wyatt, of Campton. Mustered out August 13, 1863. Second Lieut. James A. Page, of Haverhill. Mustered out August 13, 1863. Co. C. Captain Moses Lang, of Bath. Mustered out August 13, 1863. First Lieut. Charles S. Hazeltine, of Littleton. Mustered out August 13, 1863. Second Lieut. Alvin C. Bean, of Enfield. Mustered out August 18, 1863. 518 THE GREAT REBELLION. Co. D. Captain Jonathan H. Johnson, of Deerfield. Mustei^d out August 13, 1863 First Lieut. Jeremiah C. Chadwick, of Deerfield. Mustered out August 13, 18v.3. Second Lieut. W. M. Durgin, of Xorthwood. Mustered out August 13, 1863. Co. E. Captain William E. Stearns, of Manchester. Mustered out August 13, 1863. First Lieut. James F. Parker, of Litchfield. Mustered out August 13, 1863. Second Lieut. Francis A. Wood, of Hollis. Mustered out August 13, 1863. Co. F. Captain William Gordon, of Canaan. Mustered out August 13, 1863. First Lient. Sylvester Martin, of Grafton. Mustered out August 13, 1863. Second Lieut. Stephen Colby, of Springfield. Mustered out August 13, 1863. Co. G. Captain Lewis Osgood, of Pittsfield. Mustered out August 13, 1863. First Lieuts. Thomas M. Huse, of Barnstead. Resigned Feb. 23, 1863. Joseph G. Ay era, of Northfield. Mustered out August 13, 18G3. Second Lieuts. Joseph G. Avers, of Northfield. Promoted to First Lieut. March 1, 1863. Christ. C. Pickering, of Barnstead. Mustered out August 13, 1863. Co. H. Captain Jacob B. Sanborn, of Sanbornton. Mustered out August 13, 1863. First Lieut Alfred B. Seavey, of Gilford. Mustered out August 13, 1863. Second Lieut. W. Perkins, of Londonderry. Mustered out August 13, 1863. Co. I. Captain George E. Pinkham, of Rochester. Mustered out August 13, 1863. First Lieut. Alvah M. Kimball, of Rochester. Resigned Jan. 15, 1863. James D. Moore, of Middleton. Mustered out August 13, 1863. Second Lieuts. James D. Moore, of Middleton. Promoted to First Lieut. Jan. 18, 1863. John 0. Wallingford, of Dover. Wounded at Port Hudson June 14^ 63. Mustered out August 13, 1863. FIFTEENTH REGIMENT. 519 Co. K. Captain Benjamin F. Hall, of Salem. Mustered out August 13, 1863 First Lieut. Elbridge G. Wood, of Hampstead. Mustered out August 13, 1863 Second Lieut. Wallace T. Larkin, of Chester. Discharged on account of promotion, Aug. 11, 1863. COLONEL JOHN W. KINGMAN. Colonel Kingman was born at Barrington, Strafford County, New Hampshire, in 1821. His ancestors, on both sides, were connected with, or descended from Elder William Brewster, of Mayflower memory. He fitted for college at Phillips Exeter Academy, and grad uated at Harvard in 1843. He studied law in the office of Daniel Webster, in Boston, and commenced practice in Cincinnati, Ohio; but soon returned to Dover, K. H., where he entered into a partnership with Hon. Daniel M. Christie, and continued in the practice of his pro fession until the commencement of the war. In Octo ber, 1862, he was commissioned Colonel of the Fifteenth Regiment. Its term of service was nominally nine months, but extended from July, 1862, when the com panies were raised, until August 13, 1863, when they we.re mustered out. The time was too short for any regiment to distinguish itself. It, however, bore an important part in the campaign of Port Hudson, and never failed to do all that could reasonably be expected of it. He requested the officers, before leaving New Hampshire, to sign a regimental temperance pledge, to bind them all, during their term of service, to the strict est sobriety; and every officer signed it, and every man of them kept it with commendable integrity. As a natural result, wherever the regiment was stationed, they had the reputation of being the least disorderly regi ment in the army. When at Carrollton, near New Orleans, where were thirty-five regiments, the provost 520 THE GREAT REBELLION. marshal told Colonel Kingman that the Fifteenth New Hampshire was the only regiment there that had never had an officer or man arrested by his guard. Colonel Kingman early obtained the confidence and affection of his men, and retained it to the end. On the 27th of May, 1863, in the unsuccessful assault on Port Hudson, the Second Division, of which the Fifteenth Regiment formed a part, commanded by General T. W. Sherman, lost nearly every officer in it, and Colonel Kingman was left in command. It was in this engagement that Gen eral Sherman lost a leg, and General Dow was badly wounded. Colonel Kingman enjoyed the intimacy of both these brave officers; but after they left General Banks sent General Dwight a man not distinguished for courage or sobriety to command the division. It was intimated that his method of showing his prowess was to order his officers under arrest, and at one time he had nearly all of them deprived of their commands. Colonel Porter, of the Fourteenth Maine, and Colonel Kingman were among the first whose swords he de manded. They were never tried, nor were there any charges preferred against them. General Banks soon removed General Dwight and ordered all the officers back to their commands. After being mustered out with his regiment, Colonel Kingman made several unsuccessful attempts to again enter the service, having a desire to do his share toward finishing up the rebellion. He returned to civil life and the practice of his profession. In April, 1869, he re ceived from President Grant the appointment of Asso ciate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Territory of "Wyoming, which office he now holds. The Fifteenth Regiment was mustered into the United States service on the 12th of November, 1862, and received its colors from the hand of Governor Berry. FIFTEENTH REGIMENT. 521 On the 13th the regiment left Concord, under orders to report to General N. P. Banks, at New York City, and reached there next morning. The fore part of Decem ber the regiment sailed on three different vessels for New Orleans, the last detachment arriving there on the 26th of December, and being reunited went into camp at Carrollton. On the 28th of January, 1863, the regi ment moved to Camp Parapet, about two and a half miles from Carrollton. It form-ed a part of the first brigade, second division, Nineteenth Army Corps. The brigade was composed of the Sixth Michigan, One Hundred and Twenty-eighth New York, Fifteenth New Hampshire, and Twenty-sixth Connecticut, and was commanded by General Neal Dow. The two regiments first named were three years troops; the two last nine months. Brigadier General T. W. Sherman commanded the division. Here the regiment remained doing camp and guard duty, furnishing details of officers and men for different purposes, and with but few changes in the organization, until the spring of 1863. On the 20th of May the regiment embarked on board steamers and sailed for Springfield Landing, where it arrived on the 22d and joined its brigade. On the 23d they were joined by the Second Brigade of the division. They moved cautiously through the woods two and a half miles toward Port Hudson ; formed in line of battle, advanced a short distance and halted for the night. On the 24th they again moved toward the rebel works, expecting to encounter a rebel force at some earthworks about two miles from their main line of defenses, but found them abandoned. The picket line, supported by Companies D and E, advanced to within about a thousand yards of the enemy s defensive works, consisting of a parapet, seven miles in length, extending from the river below Port Hudson to a bayou above, with outer works commanding all avenues of 522 THE GREAT REBELLION. approach; and a heavy growth of timber had been felled for a distance of half a mile from the parapet. These works were held by upward of eight thousond men, and their position was worth at least twenty thousand more, commanded by Major General Gardner, formerly of the regular army. On the morning of the 25th of May, the Nineteenth Army Corps lay before this rebel stronghold. General Sherman s division consisted of two brigades, General Dow s and General Nicholson s, each numbering about twelve hundred men. General Dow had the right and General Nichol son the left of the division. On the 26th of May, four companies from the Fif teenth, with detachments from other regiments, went to the front, to burn some buildings occupied by the rebels, which was accomplished without loss to the regiment. At six o clock, p. M., four companies, A, D, E and K, under Major Aldrich, were ordered to the front, to support the pickets. On the the 27th an assault was ordered along the whole line. The four companies under Major Aldrich, thrown out on the flanks as sharpshooters and skirmish ers, did good execution in picking off the rebel artillery men. The other six companies formed a part of -the assaulting column of the brigade, commanded by General Dow, and led by Generals Sherman and Dow. The brigade covered the south end of the eastern portion of the enemy s works, and lay in line of battle about three-fourths of a mile from the enemy. The interven ing distance was level. Just in front was a long dense belt of woods, some sixty rods in depth ; then an open ing about forty rods wide and one hundred and fifty long, from right to left ; then woods again, between this opening and the enemy. There was a gap in the woods, about forty rods wide, leading direct from this cleared ground to a broad level space, on the fur- FIFTEENTH REGIMENT. 523 ther side of which was the earth bank of the enemy. The distance from the line of trees nearest the rebels to their works was about a quarter of a mile. On the right of this front was a deep ravine, with steep, irregu lar sides, running direct to the enemy s works, forming a right angle at the point of intersection. At one o clock, P. M., the brigade was drawn up in the first clearing in front of its position. On the extreme left were several batteries of artillery, which played through the gap in the woods upon the rebel works. The fore noon had been passed in sharp skirmishing along the whole length of the lines, the light troops covering themselves with stumps, bushes, and every thing that afforded shelter, had pushed, in many places nearly up to the rebel works. For two days the enemy had not shown himself outside his defenses. The air was filled with minnie balls, cannon shot and shell, which, how ever, did but little damage to either side. The artillery opened at one o clock in earnest, and for half an hour thundered upon the enemy. The fire was tremendous, and the enemy replied with an incessant shower of every conceivable missile. Soon a long train of wagons, loaded with bags of cotton, boards, and long poles, for bridging the ditch, and escorted by three hundred negroes, burst through the smoke and hurried to the front. The brigade was awaiting the order to advance. It was soon given, and they went forward at the double-quick, and met a terribly deadly fire from the enemy. As they pressed on over fences and through scattering trees, the men fell in fearful numbers. An attempt was made to correct the alignment which had become broken, but it was found impossible, and the confusion soon became inextricable, so murderous was the fire of the enemy. The bravest hurried to the front, the cowards to the rear ; the whole knew not what to do; to retreat was unthought of, and finally the whole 524 THE GREAT REBELLION. brigade was swept away to the right, and went into the ravine. Those in the extreme advance and the Fif teenth was largely represented there seeing their sup port disappear, leaped into the gorge themselves, while their officers hurried back to arouse the middle and rear. General Dow had been wounded and carried from the field. There was no possibility of reforming the bri gade; nothing could be done but push on, surmount the parapet, if possible, and attack the enemy in his teeth. A second advance was made, at double-quick, and when in perfect range the enemy opened his fire, concentrated from more than a mile of his works, direct upon the column, but they did not falter. Lieut. Colonel Blair was in command of the advance. As he started the second time he asked General Sherman for instructions. "Lead them ahead, straight ahead, dead on the enemy s works," were the orders he received. The advance was unsuccessful, and the troops were obliged to fall back to the ravine in order to reform. General Sherman, having been severely wounded, was taken from the field by men of the Fifteenth. The command devolved upon Colonel Cowles, of the One Hundred and Twenty-eighth ISTew York, who rallied the men and attempted another advance, which was also unsuccessful. Colonel Cowles ordered a retreat, and fell, mortally wounded, about forty rods outside the enemy s works. There was one more attempt to gain the works. A common soldier came marching along alone, leading a white horse with his right hand, waving the stars and stripes with his left, and calling upon his comrades to rally, and rally they did. The bank of the ravine was instantly alive with soldiers, the parapet was ablaze again, and the men fell fearfully fast; still they pressed on. The center and rear of the column did not waver. The advance hurried forward, was nearingthe parapet; it was not ten rods off; here Lieut. Colonel Blair fell, severely wounded in the FIFTEENTH REGIMENT. 525 arm. The brave fellow with the white horse, pressed forward a few steps beyond, and fell, blood streaming from his mouth. The men who rushed forward had nearly all fallen, and with this ended the fight. At night the troops were withdrawn. The loss was very heavy, one fourth of the fighting men of the corps. On the 13th of June fifty men from the Fifteenth, under Lieuts. Seavey and Perkins, of Company H, with the same number from the Twenty-sixth Connecticut, all commanded by Lieut. Seavey, made a demonstra tion against the enemy s works. Before advancing they were addressed by Colonel Clark, commanding the brig ade, who told them if there was a man among them who feared to die, he then had an opportunity to honor ably retire, but that they must choose then or not at all. Not a man of the Fifteenth left the ranks, and but one of the Twenty-sixth Connecticut. They were then deployed as skirmishers and ordered to advance across the scene of the late battle, coolly and steadily, toward the rebel parapet, up to it, and over it. They obeyed their instructions until many of them had fallen, when, not being supported, they laid down, and covering them selves as they could, they fought away until dark. There never was a braver act than the charge of that line of skirmishers. The rebels were struck with admiration, and, after they were well up, issued orders to kill no more such brave fellows, but by a sally to endeavor to capture them. But for this forbearance of the enemy probably not a man could have escaped. The loss of the regiment in this affair was thirteen killed and wounded, or more than one-fourth of the number engaged. The next day another attack was made upon the enemy s works. Soon after sunrise the Fifteenth com manded by Lieut. Colonel Blair, followed by the Twenty- sixth Connecticut, marched up the road, from a position 526 THE GREAT REBELLION. near the river which had been reached by a circuitous route of six miles, to within seven liundred yards of the rebel works. Here they formed in line of battle and advanced about four hundred yards, under a heavy artillery fire, and came upon a concealed ravine, filled with fallen timber, underbrush and briar vines, which was impassable. There was no path to the right or the left, and after some hesitation the regiments plunged into the gorge. Some struggled through and came up on the other side, but to no purpose. The division remained there during the day, intensely tortured by heat, hunger and thirst, under the fire of the enemy, but the men were so well protected by the underbrush that but few were harmed. At night the command was withdrawn. The loss in the Fifteenth was two officers and twenty-four men wounded. Lieut. Colonel Blair was hit by a minnie ball on the arm previously wounded. Captain J. H. Johnson, of Company D, was prostrated by exertion and heat, and died at his home at Deerfield, on the 14th of October. Colonel Clark, who command ed the brigade on the 14th of June, in his report of the engagement said of the Fifteenth New Hampshire Regi ment: "Both officers and men conducted themselves in a manner worthy of American soldiers. The nine months men have demonstrated, by their gallant con duct, that they can be relied on in any emergency." The siege of Port Hudson continued, both armies erecting batteries and strengthening their works, for several days, without either molesting the other. At length fire was opened simultaneously from each side, and continued for several days; the rebel guns were dis mounted and the rebel flag shot away several times, and finally not raised again, though no breach was made sufficient to warrant an attempt to take the works by storm. After the receipt of the news of the fall of FIFTEENTH REGIMENT. 527 Vicksburg, General Gardner unconditionally surrender ed Port Hudson to General Banks. On the 26th of July the regiment turned over its camp and ordnance stores and started on its way home. It reached Concord on the 8th of August, and was mus tered out, paid and discharged on the 13th. When the regiment was mustered out of service, though there were thirty-nine officers and seven hundred and two enlisted men whose names were borne upon the rolls, less than thirty officers, and not four hundred and fifty enlisted men were fit for duty. The siege of Port Hud son and the climate of Louisiana had thus sadly thinned the ranks. 528 THE OREAT REBELLION. SIXTEENTH REGIMENT. The Sixteenth Regiment was raised under the same call of the President for three hundred thousand nine months men as the Fifteenth. Its muster in was com pleted on the 1st of November, 1862. The following were its field, staff" and company officers, with the official record of each : FIELD AND STAFF OFFICERS. COLONEL James Pike, of Sanbornton. Mustered out Aug. 20, 1863. Lieut. Colonel Henry "W. Fuller, of Concord. Mustered out Aug. 20, 1863. Majors Henry W. Fuller, of Concord. Promoted to Lieut. Colonel Nov. 1, 1862. Samuel Davis, Jr., of Warner. Mustered out Aug. 20, 1863. Adjutant Luther T. Townsend, of Salem. Mustered out Aug. 20, 1863. Quartermaster Albert H. Drown, of Fisherville. Mustered out Aug. 20, 1863. Surgeon Thomas Sanborn, of Newport. Resigned June 13, 1863. Assistant Surgeons Cyrus M. Fiske, of Bradford. Mustered out Aug. 20, 1863. Sylvester Campbell. Died at Camp Parapet, Feb. 6, 1863. Herbert Sleeper, of Grantham. Captured June 28, 1863. Exchanged. Mustered out Aug. 30, 1863. Chaplain R. M. Manley, of Northfield. Mustered out Aug. 20, 1863. Sergeant Majors Frank B. Modica, of Ilenniker. Promoted to Second Lieut. March 1, 1863. Charles J. Wright, of Pelham. Promoted to Second Lieut. June 20, 1863. Quartermaster Sergeant G. M. Wilkins, of Henniker. Promoted to Second Lieut. April 25, 1863. SIXTEENTH REGIMENT. 529 Commissary Sergeant David D. Smith, of Concord. Mustered out Aug. 20, 1863. Hospital Stewards Paul S. Adams, of Newport Discharged for disability July 2, 1863. Clarence S. Wilkins, of Warner. Mustered out Aug. 20, 1863. COMPANY OFFICERS. Co. A. Captain Elias F. Smith of Lebanon. Mustered out August 20, 1862. First Lieut. Bela Sawyer, of Lyme. Mustered out August 20, 1863. Second Lieut. Charles S. Cooper, of Concord. Mustered out August 20, 1863. Co. B. Captain Albert J. Hersey, of Wolfeborough. Mustered out August 20,^1863. First Lieuts. 0. B. Burnham, of Hillsborough. Resigned Feb. 4,^1863. Albert "W. Wiggin, of Wolfeborough. Mustered out August" 20, 1863. Second Lieuts. A. W. Wiggin, of Wolfeboro . Promoted to First Lieut. Feb. 5, 1863. Alvah S. Libby, of Wolfeborough. Mustered out August 20, 1863. Co. C. Captains Aaron A. Clark, of Wilton. Mustered out August 20, 1863. First Lieut. Henry M. Mills, of Milford. Mustered out August 20, 1863. Second Lieut. Joseph E. O Donnell, of Mason. Mustered out August 20, 1863. Co. D. Captain Daniel E. Howard, of Hopkinton. Mustered out August 20, 1863. First Lieut. Charles H. Herbert, of Concord. Promoted to Captain and Commissary of Subsistence U. S. V. Jan. 20, 1863. Second Lieut. Robert S. Davis, of Concord. Mustered out August 20, 1863 Co. E. Captain Jonathan P. Sanborn, of Franklin. Mustered out August 20, 1863. First Lieut. David E. Burbauk, of Webster. Resigned July 18, 1863. Second Lieut. Prescott Jones, of Wilmot. Died at CarroUton, La., Jan. 11, 1863, 530 THE GREAT REBELLION. Co. F. Captain Charles II. Woods, of Fitzwilliam. Mustfred out August 20, 1863. First Lieut. Edgar E. Adams, of Grantham. Mustered out August 20, 1863. Second Lieuts. John S. Baker. Died March 17, 1863. Frank B. Modica, of Ilenniker. Mustered out August 20, 1863 Co. G. Captain G. W. Bosworth, of Lyndeborough. Mustered out August 20, 1868. First Lieut. Barton A. Ballou, of Weare. Mustered out August 20, 1863. Second Lieut. M. L. Colburn, of New Boston. Mustered out August 20, 1863. Co. H. Captain John L. Eice, of Cornish. Mustered out August 20, 1863. First Lieut Proctor D. Ward, of Bradford. Mustered out August 20, 1863. Second Lieut. Philip C. Bean, of Warner. Mustered out August 20, 1863. Co. I. Captains David Buftum, 2d, of S \vanzey. Died at New Orleans, La., June 19, 1863 Judson Wilkins, of Washington. . Mustered out August 20, 1863. First Lieuts. Judson Wilkins, of Washington. Promoted to Captain June 20, 1863. Brooks K. Webber, of Antrim. Mustered out August 20, 1863. Second Lieuts. Brooks K. Webber, of Antrim. Promoted to First Lieut. June 20, 1863. Charles J. Wright, of Pelham. Mustered out August 20, 1863. Co. K. Captain Joseph K Thatcher, of Portsmouth. Mustered out August 20, 1863. First Lieut. George T. Wildes, of Portsmouth. Died at New Orleans, La., April 20, 1863. Second Lieut. Win. A. Haven, of Portsmouth. Mustered out August 20, 1863. COLONEL JAMES PIKE. Colonel Pike was born at Salisbury, Massachusetts, in November, 1818 ; was educated at the Wesleyan Univer sity, in Connecticut; is a minister of the Methodist SIXTEENTH REGIMENT. 531 Episcopal Church, having commenced preaching in 1841, and had been presiding elder. He was elected a member of the Thirty-fourth Congress from the First New Hampshire District, in 1855, and was re-elected for a second term in 1857, and was a member of the Com mittee on Enrolled Bills. In October, 1862, he was commissioned Colonel of the Sixteenth Regiment New Hampshire Volunteer Infantry, and served with it during its term of enlistment. His military record is identical with the history of that regiment. He is a clergyman of considerable ability, stands high with the Methodist denomination ; is Presiding Elder of the Dover District of the New Hampshire Conference, and was one of a committee to investigate the affairs of the Methodist Book Concern, of New York. The Sixteenth Regiment joined the Banks Expedition and sailed from New York on the 6th of December, 1862, on two separate vessels. The first detachment arrived at New Orleans on the 20th, and were joined by the second on the 1st of January, 1863. The regiment remained at Carrollton and in the defenses of New Orleans until the advance on Port Hudson. On the llth of January Second Lieut. Prescott Jones, of Com pany E, a beloved young officer, died of disease. On the 17th of March Second Lieut. John S. Baker, of Company F, died of fever. He was one of the most competent and promising line officers in the regiment. On the 17th of March an advance was made to within six miles of Port Hudson, in which the Sixteenth par ticipated. Three musicians of the regiment were cap tured by the enemy, while sleeping in a slave cabin belonging to a plantation, the female occupants of the house on which having signaled the rebels. On the 18th of April the regiment was ordered by General Banks to embark on gunboats and co-operate in 532 THE GREAT REBELLION. an attack upon Fort Burton, at Butte a la Rose, a fort some seventy-five miles beyond Brasheftr. This fort was situated in a cove on the Alchafalaya river, at a confluence of bayous, and its possession, after the triumphant ad vance of our army to Opelousas, was of importance, as a protection to the rear of the columns ; and immediately after its capture the gunboat Arizona opened communi cation with Admiral Faragut, on Red river. The Six teenth, acting as sharpshooters, was distributed among four gunboats. Arrived at Fort Burton, on the 19th, a short engagement took place, and the confederate flag was hauled down, the fort surrendered to the commander of the squadron, who took possession of the works, arsenal and barracks and sent the garrison prisoners to NQW Orleans. The Sixteenth remained here, a most pestilent location, surrounded by dense forests and impenetrable swamps, six weeks. Disease was contract ed from which many of the men subsequently died. The regiment had been in command of the Lieut. Colonel since leaving New Orleans, Colonel Pike having been left there quite out of health. A short time before leaving Fort Burton he arrived and assumed command, which he retained until the muster out of the regiment. On the 30th of May the regiment received orders from General Banks to join his forces at Port Hudson. Before leaving they burned the barracks surrendered by the rebels, and some other buildings, this having been a shipping point for cotton, sugar, &c., and the guns of the fort were shipped on board transports sent up from Brashear City. The rebel pickets were close upon the retiring troops, and had their stay been prolonged a day later they would have been captured, and they were believed at New Orleans to have been "gobbled up" by the advancing enemy. From Algiers the sick of the regiment were sent to New Orleans, and the main body passed up the river to Springfield Landing, where orders SIXTEENTH REGIMENT. 533 were received for Colonel Pike to report with his com mand, at the headquarters of General Banks, and the Sixteenth was assigned to guard duty over the arsenal of the besieging army. This disposition of the regi ment had been determined on previous to its arrival, on account of telegraphic reports from General Emery, commanding defenses of New Orleans, to General Banks, that there were " only a few skeletons of the Sixteenth New Hampshire left." When the regiment took possession of Butte a la Rose it numbered near six hundred guns; when they reached the headquarters of General Banks before Port Hudson, they could muster but two hundred and sixteen. At Springfield Landing, which was the depot of sup plies for the whole army, a detachment from the Six teenth encountered a sudden attack of the enemy s cavalry, which, if successful, would have put the entire force investing Port Hudson on "short commons." "While before Port Hudson, the regiment was, for weeks, in line from three o clock in the morning till daylight, in the expectation of an attack by outlying parties of the enemy upon that part of the line of investment. On the 8th of July Port Hudson surrendered, and on the 10th the Sixteenth was among the last of the forces to enter the works. Here were almost daily burials of the dead of the regiment, until the 1st of August, when it embarked for home, by way of Cairo. At Vicksburg, General Grant, on the personal solicitation of Colonel Pike, ordered his post surgeon to examine the sick of his regiment, with a view to transfer to the fine floating hospital there of all who were unable to bear the journey home, and scores were left, many to be buried by stranger hands. At Cairo similar scenes transpired, and many were left at other places on the route, several of whom never reached home. The regiment reached 534 THE ORE AT REBELLION. Concord on the 14th, and was finally paid and discharg ed on the 20th. Though this regiment saw but little hard fighting, it suffered as much from disease, induced by exposure and the malaria of southern swamps, as any from New Hampshire had done from all causes combined, in the same length of time. SEVENTEENTH REGIMENT. 535 SEVENTEENTH REGIMENT. As has been stated in connection with the Fifteenth Regiment, in the autumn of 1862, a call was received by the Governor of the State for nine months men sufficient to fill three regiments of infantry ; and it was determined to apportion this levy between the three congressional -districts the Fifteenth to correspond to the first district; the Sixteenth to correspond to the second district, and the Seventeenth regiment to the third district. The field officers of the respective commands were immediately thereafter commissioned and announced accordingly. It was deemed advisable to fill the regiments in their numerical order, as fast as men were enlisted, without regard to their place of residence. Accordingly those who volunteered with promptitude in the third district were ordered into the Fifteenth and Sixteenth regiments, leaving for the Seventeenth the dilatory levies from all the districts. On the 19th of November the regiment was ordered into camp at Concord. The field and staff officers were : Colonel Henry 0. Kent, of Lancaster; Lient. Colonel, Charles H. Long, of Claremont; Major, George H. Bellows, of Walpole; Adjutant, George A. Wainwright, of Hanover; Quartermaster, Edward N. Cumrnings; Surgeon, James D. Folsom ; Assistant Surgeons, Luther C. Bean, Horatio N. Small; Chaplain, George S. Barnes, Sergeant Major, J. W. Perkins; Quartermaster Ser geant, John C. Jenness, of Lancaster, Commissary Ser geant, John P. Dennison, of Lancaster ; Hospital Stew ard, Albra L. Robinson. Nearly a full company, above the required quota of 636 THE GREA T REBELLION. the town, had volunteered for this regiment in Lancas ter, the residence of the Colonel; and* the records of the Adjutant General s office show that there were enlisted and mustered into the Seventeenth, and enlisted in the territory originally assigned it, seven hundred and ninety-one men. The unfilled quotas of the third district, at the time of the consolidation of the Seventeenth and Second, with this number, seven hundred and ninety- one, more than reaching the minimum number of men required by the regulations for a complete regimental organization. The regimental organization was perfected, and the drill, discipline and instruction of the command com menced, and was scrupulously adhered to. In December it was decided to postpone the State draft, and orders were issued to reject all substitutes applying for enlistment on the unfilled quotas. Very few volunteers appeared, and on the 9th of February, 1863, officers and men of the Seventeenth Regiment were furloughed until the 1st of the succeeding April, at which time the command *gain reported in camp, cheered by the official assurance that the regiment would be at once filled, in order to participate in the spring and summer campaign of 1863. About this time orders were received by Governor Berry, from the Secretary of "War, to consolidate the Seventeenth and Second Regiments, under such regula tions as he might prescribe. On the 16th of April, 1863, this order was carried into effect, the officers and non commissioned officers of the regiment mustered out, and the enlisted men transferred. The order effecting this expressed in emphatic terms the approbation of the civil and military authorities of the soldierly deportment of the regiment from the time of its organization, and the excellent discipline and deportment that had uni formly characterized the command, was remarked on every hand. The failure to fill and forward the Seven- SEVENTEENTH REGIMENT. 537 teenth Eegiment was in no way attributable to its offi- ,rs, and the circumstances which seemed to make the consolidation advisable were regretted alike by officers and men. The men proved excellent soldiers, and behaved so well at Gettysburg as to elicit a special order of commendation from the colonel of the regiment at the expiration of their term of service. 538 THE ORE AT REBELLION. ^ EIGHTEENTH REGIMENT. On the 19th of July, 1864, the War Department issued an order calling for five hundred thousand volun teers, and under this call the State authorities com menced recruiting the Eighteenth Regiment. Charles H. Bell, of Exeter, was commissioned Colonel, and James "W. Carr, of Manchester, Lieut. Colonel, both of whom resigned before being mustered into the United States service, and their places were filled by the appointment of Thomas L. Livermore, of Milford, and Joseph M. Clough, of New London. The quota of the State having been filled at the organi zation of the sixth company, no further companies were raised until the next call for troops, which was made on the 21st of December. The remaining companies were now commenced, and on the 17th of January, 1865, Major Thomas L. Livermore, of the Fifth, who was at the time serving on the staff of Major General Hum phries, as assistant inspector general of the Second Corps, was commissioned Colonel. During the months of February, March and April, three of the new com panies joined the regiment. Company K, however, was stationed on duty at Galloupe s Island, in Boston har bor, and was never ordered to the front, but was mus tered out at that place, on the 6th of May, by order of the War Department. As soon as the tenth company had been mustered into service, Colonel Livermore was also mustered, and joined his regiment on the 8th of April. The following is the list of field, staff and com pany officers of this regiment, and the official record of each: EIGHTEENTH REGIMENT. 539 FIELD AND STAFF OFFICERS. COLONEL Thomas L. Livermore, of Milford. Appointed Colonel U. S. V., by brevet, while Major 5th N. H. V., for highly valuable and meritorious services, to date from April 7 ; 1865. Muster ed out as Colonel, June 23, 1865. Lieut. Colonel Joseph M. Clough, of New London. Mustered out July 29, 1865. Majors William I. Brown, of Fisherville. Killed at Fort Steadman, Va., March 29, 1865. Alvah K. Potter, of Concord. Mustered out June 23, 1865. Adjutants George F. Hobbs, of Wakefield. Discharged for disability March 18, 1865. Samuel S. Caswell, of Strafford. Mustered out July 29, 1865. Quartermaster Moses T. Cate, of Wolfeborough. Mustered out June 10, 1865. Surgeons Samuel G. Dearborn. Declined March 14, 1865 John S. Emerson. Mustered out July 29, 1865 Ass t Surgeons A. W. Shepherd. Mustered out July 29, 1865 Thomas R. Clement. Declined March 28, 1805. Chaplain Anthony C. Hardy, of Croydon. Mustered out July 29, 1865. Sergeant Majors Willis G. C. Kimball, of Concord. Promoted to Captain Jan. 24, 1865. Leonard H. Wheeler, of Sutton. Mustered out June 10, 1865. Quartermaster Sergeant Sam l 1ST. Brown, of Concord. Mustered out June 10, 1865. Commissary Sergeant Henry L. Harris, of Concord. Mustered out June 10, 1865. Hospital Steward Frank H. Newman, of Hillsborough. Mustered out June 10, 1865. Principal Musicians Nathan W. Gove, of Concord. Mustered out June 10, 18G5. William S. Mudgett, of Weare. Mustered out June 10, 1866. 540 THE ORE AT REBELLION. COMPANY OFFICERS. * Co. A Captains Aivah K. Potter, of Concord. Promoted to Major April 4, 1865. Augustus B. Farmer, of Warner. Mustered out June 10, 1865. First Lieuts. Augustus B. Farmer, of Warner. Promoted to Captain April 4, 1865. Hiram K. Ladd, of Haverhill. Mustered out June 10, 1865. Second Lieuts. Hiram 3L Ladd, of Haverhill. Promoted to First Lieut. April 4, 1865. Joseph H. Cram, of Deerfield. Mustered out June 10, 1865. Co. B. Captain Elias F. Smith, of Lebanon. Mustered out June 10, 1865. First Lieut. Reuben B. Porter, of Sutton. Mustered out June 10, 1865. Second Lieut. Charles L. Porter, of Lyme. Mustered out June 10, 1865. Co. C. Captain John 0. Wallingford, of Dover. Mustered out June 10, 1865. First Lieut. Samuel S. Caswell, of Strafford. Promoted to Adjutant May 19, 1865. Second Lieut. Wilson Gray, of Strafford. Mustered out June 10, 1865. Co. D. Captain William S. Greenough, of Chester. Mustered out June 10, 1865. First Lieut. William A. Haven, of Portsmouth. Mustered out June 10, 1865. Second Lieut. John Underbill, of Chester. Mustered out June 10, 1865. Co. E. Captain William A. Gild, of Franklin. Mustered out June 10, 1865. First Lieut. David C. Harriman, of Warner. Mustered out June 10, 1865. Second Lieuts. George II. Thorn, of Conway. Resigned March 13, 1865. George S. Whitney, of Thornton. Mustered out June 10, 1865. Co. F Captain G. W. Bosworth, of Lyndeborough. Mustered out June 10, 1865 EIGHTEENTH REGIMENT. 541 First Lieuts. Samuel II. Dow, of Campion. Honorably discharged March 13, 1865. Oliver A. Gibbs, of Dover. Mustered out June 10, 1865. Second Lieuts. Oliver A. Gibbs, of Dover. Promoted to First Lieut. April 12, 1865. Henry P. Gage, of Orford. Mustered out June 10, 1865. Co. G. Captain Willis G. C. Kimball, of Concord. Mustered out July 29, 1865. First Lieut. Clarion H. Kimball, of Hopkinton. Mustered out July 29, 1865. Second Lieut. Thos. F. Dodge, of Londonderry. Mustered out July 29, 1865. Co. H. Captain Silas F. Leonard, of Chester. Mustered out July 29, 1865. First Lieuts. W. Perkins, of Londonderry. Mustered out July 29, 1865. Second Lieut. Robert K. Flanders, of Concord. Mustered out July 29, 1865. Co. I. Captain Benj. B. Thompson, of Wolfeborongh. Mustered out July 29, 1865. First Lieut. Fred L. Dodge, of Portsmouth. Mustered out July 29, 1865. Second Lieut E. K White, of Manchester. Honorably discharged July 3, 1865. Co. K. Captain John A. Colby, of Concord. Mustered out May 6, 1865. First Lieut. Henry S. Brown, of Concord. Mustered out May 6, 1865. Second Lieut. Edward Nettleton, of Newport, Mustered out May 6, 1865. The six first companies of the Eighteenth Regiment went to City Point, arid were assigned to General Ben- ham s engineer brigade. For several weeks they were employed on the impregnable fortifications which sur rounded General Grant s base of supplies, and on a corduroy road built to connect City Point with the Army of the James. On the 10th of December the brigade moved to the front near Petersburg, but return ed to its old quarters on the 13th. On the 18th this 542 THE ORE A T REBELLION. regiment, with enough from others to make the number up to twelve hundred men, was organized as a provis ional brigade, under the command of Lieut. Colonel Clough, who reported, in pursuance of orders, to General Ferrero, commanding defenses of Bermuda Hundred, where in the capacity of engineers they la bored nearly two weeks, strengthening the fortifications in the immediate proximity of the enemy. At the expiration of this time the detail returned to City Point. On the 19th of March the Eighteenth was detached from the engineer brigade and reported to Major Gen eral Parke, commanding the Mnth Corps. On the 25th the enemy made his celebrated assault on Fort Stead- man, which resulted in its capture. The Eighteenth was engaged in the re-capture of the fort, and was then assigned to the first division of the corps, commanded by General Wilcox, and by him assigned to the third brigade, and placed in Fort Steadman, a position, which, owing to its proximity to the rebel lines, was both important and dangerous. A constant fire was kept up by the pickets on both sides, and artillery duels were of frequent occurrence. On the night of the 29th the enemy again attacked the fort, and a short engagement followed, with a heavy fire of both musketry and artillery on both sides. The rebels were, however, quickly repulsed by the Eighteenth. Major Brown, who was much respected and loved, was killed in the action. Lieut. Colonel Clough was slightly wounded; several enlisted men were killed and wounded, though the casualties were rendered light by the protection of the works. On the morning of the 2d of April, the Ninth Corps, holding the w r orks directly in front of Petersburg, Gen eral Wilcox s division was ordered to assault the works, and while the proper disposition of the troops was being made, Captain "W. S. Greenough and several men of EIGHTEENTH REGIMENT. 543 the Eighteenth were severely wounded. The order for attack was countermanded. In a skirmish in the after noon the regiment lost one man killed, three danger ously and several slightly wounded. On the 3d, the Eighteenth, with its division, entered the city of Peters burg. On the 5th the Mnth Corps moved to the South Side Railroad. The first division remained near Ford s Station until the 20th. While here Colonel Livermore joined the regiment and assumed command. The regi ment was ordered to Alexandria, where it arrived on the 26th, and thence marched through "Washington and went into camp on Georgetown Heights. It was on guard duty in Washington during the trial of the assas sins of President Lincoln. On the 10th of June the original six companies which had been first mustered into service, were mustered out, and arrived in Concord on the 13th, where they were at once discharged. Company K had already been dis charged at Galloupe s Island. The remaining three companies were put on provost guard duty in George town, under command of Major Potter, Colonel Liver- more and Lieut. Colonel dough having been detailed on a general court-marshal. On the 15th Colonel Liver- more was assigned to the command of the third brigade of the division, and on the 23d both he and Major Potter were mustered out of service, leaving the rem nant of the regiment in command of Lieut. Colonel dough. On the 29th of July these too were mustered out of service, and arrived in Concord on the 2d of August, receiving final discharge and pay on the 8th. By order of the War Department, the names of the following engagements were placed upon the colors of the regiment: Fort Steadman, March 25, 1865. Attack on Petersburg, April 2, 1865. Capture of Petersburg, April 3, 1865. 544 THE ORE A T REBELLION. FIRST NEW HAMPSHIRE CAVALRY. The First Kegiment of New Hampshire Cavalry was raised in the spring of 1864. Four companies of the regiment were veteran companies of the First Rhode Island Cavalry, but raised in New Hampshire in the fall of 1861. The Governors of the six New England States were authorized by the War Department to raise a regi ment, to be called the First New England Cavalry, to be composed of twelve companies two from each State. All the States except New Hampshire and Rhode Island, subsequently raised each a full regiment, while New Hampshire raised four, and Rhode Island eight compa nies. These twelve companies were united and formed the New England Cavalry. The four New Hampshire companies formed a battalion, commanded by Major David B. Nelson, of Manchester. It was mustered into the United States service at Concord in the fall and winter of 1861, where it remained until the 22d of December, when it was ordered to Pawtucket, Rhode Island, where it joined the other companies of the regi ment, and went into camp. The following were the field, staff and company officers of this battalion, with the official record of each : FIELD AND STAFF OFFICERS. Majors David B. Nelson, of Manchester. Resigned June 3, 1862, John L. Thompson, of Plymouth. Promoted to Colonel 1st N. H. Cavalry, March 17, 1864 Adjutant George T. Cram, of Manchester. Promoted to Captain Co. G. 1st N. H. Cavalry, July 15, 1864. FIRST CA VALE Y. 545 COMPANY OFFICERS. Troop I Captain David B. Nelson, of Manchester. Promoted to Major Dec. 3, 1861. John L. Thompson, of Plymouth. Promoted to Major July 3, 18G2. First Lieuts. John L. Thompson, of Plymouth. Promoted to Captain Dec. 3, 1861. George T. Cram, of Manchester. Promoted to Adjutant Dec. 10, 1861. Arnold Wyman, of Manchester. Promoted to Captain August 4, 1862. Second Lieuts. George T. Cram, of Manchester. Promoted to First Lieut. Dec. 3, 1861. Frank Allen, of Nashua. Promoted to First Lieut. July 15, 1862. Troop K. Captain Stephen R. Swett, of Andover. Resigned Oct. 13, 1862. First Lieut. Lorenzo D. Gove, of Hanover. Killed Oct. 13, 1862. Second Lieuts. George A. Sawyer, of Concord. Resigned Nov. 11, 1861. George H. Thompson, of Concord. Promoted to First Lieut Aug. 4, 1862. Wounded severely March 17, 1863. Troop L. Captain John J. Prentiss, of Claremont. Dismissed Dec. 30, 1863. First Lieut. Augustus II. Bixhy, of Francestown. Promoted to Captain July 18, 1862. Second Lieut. "Win. P. Prentiss, of Claremont. Promoted to First Lieut. Aug. 4, 1862. Troop M. Captain William P. Ainsworth, of Nashua. Killed at Front Royal, Va., May 30, 1862. First Lieut. Joseph F. Andrews, of Nashua. Promoted to Quartermaster, Jan. 1, 1862. Second Lieut. John L. Perley, Jr., of Laconia. Died of disease at Catlet s Station, Va., June 9, 1862. On the 14th of March, 1862, the regiment was ordered to "Washington, where it joined the Army of the Poto mac. While at Washington the name of the regiment was changed from the First New England Cavalry to the First Rhode Island Cavalry, thus, so far as the name might indicate, cutting the four New Hampshire com- 546 THE GREAT REBELLION. panics off from all identity with their State. This was a severe blow to the men from which* they never fully recovered while they remained with that organization. As a consequence of this change of name the Governor of New Hampshire refused to send the battalion recruits when needed to fill its ranks. In May the New Hampshire battalion was ordered to Fredericksburg to report to General Shields, thus sepa rating them from the Rhode Island portion of the regi ment. This was highly satisfactory to the New Hamp shire men. On the 30th of May, in a charge upon the retreating column of the enemy, who were burning bridges after them, the battalion showed great dash and courage. The enemy s cavalry, which attempted to act as a rear guard, ingloriously rode down their own infan try and escaped. Coming upon the enemy s infantry some were sabered, but most surrendered as soon as they were reached. The enemy made a stand at a narrow gorge, with a brook running through it, the bridge over which could only be crossed by file, and so posted themselves that they had complete range of the brook. Captain Ainsworth and about a dozen men boldly dashed down the hill to cross the bridge. They were all either killed or seriously wounded. Captain Ains worth and seven men were killed, and ten were more or less seriously wounded. There were captured from the enemy more than one hundred and fifty officers and men, besides baggage wagons, horses, stores, and imple ments of war of all kinds in great numbers. Only the cavalry and a small remnant of a regiment of infantry escaped. This was the battalion s first engagement, and was such a victory as surprised even those who had accomplished it. Immediately after the action at Front Royal Major Nelson resigned, and the command devolv ed on Captain Thompson. The battalion was rejoined by the rest of the regiment on the first of June. FIRST CA VALE Y. 547 The regiment was at Bull Run on the 29th of August, and took part in the second battle there on the 30th. "When the retreat commenced it took the rear and saved the army. The regiment participated in the battle of Chantilly, on the 1st of September, and had almost daily skirmishes with the enemy all through General Pope s campaign. A picket post, stationed at Mouut- ville, five miles from any support, composed of part of Companies I and M, under command of Captain Gove, was attacked October 31, by a whole brigade of cavalry under General Stuart, and a large number killed and captured. Captain Gove and several men were killed, and Lieut. Andrews and about twenty-five men were captured. When general Hooker assumed command of the army, the cavalry was organized in one corps, under command of General Stoneman. The battle of Kelley s Ford was perhaps the first real cavalry battle of the war. The enemy charged that part of the line w r here the First Rhode Island Cavalry was posted. The charge was brilliantly executed, but promptly met and repulsed. There was a short but severe conflict, and the enemy retreated, leaving many prisoners in the hands of the Union troops. The regiment took part in the celebrated Stoneman raid, and with that exception remained in camp near Falmouth until the 25th of March, 1863. In June the regiment, numbering but about three hundred men the New Hampshire battalion about one hundred while in camp in a grove near Middleburg, on the road from Fairfax Court House to the Blue Ridge, was surrounded by a strong force of the enemy. They must surrender or fight, and they determined upon the latter. They charged through the enemy s line, but many were killed and captured. That night there were not fifty men together belonging to the First Rhode Island Cavalry, except in the hands of the enemy. Subse- 548 THE GREAT REBELLION. quently a few men found their way to headquarters, but New Hampshire was represented by* less than thirty men. General Duffie, who had been in command of the regiment about a year, was promoted to Brigadier Gen eral, and was succeeded by Lieut. Colonel Thompson. The sick and those who were on detached service re turned, and in July the regiment numbered about two hundred and fifty effective men. During the autumn it was engaged in the battles of Auburn and Bristoe Station, and in all the operations of the Army of the Potomac. FIRST NEW HAMPSHIRE CAVALRY. In January, 1864, the New Hampshire battalion was detached from the regiment, with a view to forming a new regiment exclusively of New Hampshire men. Nearly all the men re-enlisted, and in February left the army for home on their veteran furlough, and to form the First New Hampshire Cavalry. Before the close of April the four old companies had been filled to the max imum, and three new ones had been completed and mustered into service, and proceeded to Washington, where they arrived on the 25th. The regiment was not completed until July, when the five remaining compa nies were sent to Washington. The regimental organi zation was as follows: COLONEL John L. Thompson, of Plymouth. Appointed Brigadier General U. S. Vols.. by brevet, for distinguished and meritorious services, to date from March 13, 1865. Mustered out as Colonel July 15, 1865. Lieut. Colonel Benjamin T. Hutching, of Concord.* Majors Arnold Wyman, of Manchester. Joseph F. Arnold, of Nashua. John A. Cummings, of Peterborough. Quartermaster George W. Towle, of Hooksett. * Uuless otherwise stated the record is "Mustered out July 15, 1865." FIRST CA VALR Y. 549 Commissary William II. Moulton, of Andover. Surgeon George W. Pierce, of Winchester. Assistant Surgeons George W. Pierce, of Winchester. Wounded in five places and captured Nov. 12, 1864. Released Jan. 14, 1865. Promoted to Surgeon Feb. 17, 1865. Frederick A. Eldridge, of Milford. Sergeant Major Walter Perley, of Concord. Quartermaster Sergeant M. B. Clough, of Deering. Commissary Sergeant John C. Caryl, of Brookfield. Hospital Steward Daniel S. Mooney, of New Hampton. Mustered out May 29, 1865. Veterinary Surgeon Charles B. Prentiss, of Concord. COMPANY OFFICERS. Troop A. Captain Edwin "Vaughan, of Claremont. Honorably discharged May 15, 1865. First Lieuts. George W. Estabrook, of Concord. Wounded severely Sept. 29, 1864. Mustered out Jan. 4, 1865. John Steele, of Goifstown. Second Lieut. Geo. W. Morrison, of Haverhill. Missing near Lacy Springs, Va., Dec. 21, 1864. Gained from missing. Mustered out July 15, 1865. Troop B. Captain Otis C. Wyatt, of Sanbornton. First Lieut. Edward P. Abbott, of Manchester. Wounded June 23, 1864. Absent on detached service at Elmira, N. T., July 15, 1865. No discharge furnished. Second Lieuts. John Steele, of Goffstown. Promoted to First Lieut. Feb. 23, 1865. John S. Cilley, of Andover. Troop C. Captain Pierce L. Wiggin, of Ossipee. First Lieut. William H. Palmer, of Manchester. Promoted to Captain Feb. 23, 1865. Second Lieut.- John P. Thompson, of Andover. Troop D. Captain Ezra B. Parker, of Littleton. Absent on detached service at Annapolis, Md., July 15, 1865. No discharge furnished. First Lieut. Fred P. Stone, of Webster. Second Lieut. Chas. H. Kelley, of Farmington. Resigned Jan. 19, 1865. Troop E. Captain Benjamin F. Rackley, of Dover. First Lieut. Charles E. Patrick, of Claremont. 550 THE GREAT REBELLION. Second Lieut. W. Tuttle, of Newmarket. Troop F. Captain Nathaniel II. BroVn, of Deny. First Lieut. George H. Smith, of Farmington. Second Lieut. Horatio Mclntire, of Keene. Dismissed Feb. 15, 1865 Troop G. Captain George T. Cram, of Meredith. First Lieut. George E. Gilman, of Meredith. Discharged Second Lieut. Oscar J. Converse, of Rindge. Troop H. Charles E. Patrick, of Claremont. Not mustered. Mustered out as First Lieut. July 15, 1865 First Lieut. Frank P. Cram, of Hampton Falls. Second Lieut. George H. Pressey, of Sutton. Honorably discharged March 17, 1865 Troop I. Captains A. H. Bixhy, of Francestown. Commissioned by the Governor of Rhode Island. Honorably discharged on account of wounds Nov. 9, 1864. George II. Thompson, of Concord. Not mustered. Promoted to Major 5th U. S. Vols., March 27, 1865. William H. Palmer, of Manchester. First Lieuts William II. Moulton, of Andover. Promoted to Commissary Jan. 25, 1865. Thomas C. Edwards, of Keene. Second Lieut. Thomas C. Edwards, of Keene. Promoted to First Lieut. Feb. 23, 1865. Troop K. Captains Wm. P. Prentiss, of Claremont. Mustered out Jan. 18, 1865. George A. Bobbins, of Hillsborough. First Lieuts. George H. Thompson, of Concord. Commissioned by the Governor of Rhode Island. Promoted to Captain Dec. 17, 1864. Frank P. Flynn, of Lebanon. Second Lieut. Frank P. Flynn, of Lebanon. Promoted "to First Lieut. Feb. 23, 1865. Troop L. First Lieuts. G. A. Robbins, of Hillsborough. Mustered out Dec. 17, 1864. Philip Jones, of Somersworth. Second Lieut. Robert Campbell, of Sutton. Killed at White Oak Swamp, Va., June 13, 1864. Troop M. Captains George H. Rhodes. Commissioned by the Governor of Rhode Island. Discharged for disability Nov. 10, 1864. FIRST CA VALE Y. 551 Henry B. Haley, of Newmarket. Honorably discharged March 30, 1865. First Lieut. Robert P. Shapley, of Rye. Died of disease at Darnstown, Md., June 2, 1865. Second Lieut. Henry B. Haley, of Xewmarket. Promoted "to Captain Jan. 16, 1865. The First New Hampshire Cavalry was attached to the third division of the cavalry corps, General Wil son commanding. In an engagement near White Oak Swarm, on the 13th of June, 1864, Lieut. Campbell and several -men were killed, and many wounded. For the conduct of the regiment on this occasion, and in cover ing the movement of the army across thevlames, it was highly commended by the lieutenant general command ing. WILSON S RAID. On the morning of the 21st of June, at an early hour, the cavalry were ordered to prepare for a long march. The regiment with its division was joined at Jerusalem Plank Road by General Kautz s cavalry command from the Army of the James, the whole under command of General Wilson ; a force of nine thousand sabers, twelve guns, and six mounted howitzers. The command cross ed the Weldon Railroad at Ream s Station, destroyed the track for several miles, and then moved rapidly to the South Side Railroad, where they burned bridges and destroyed several miles of track. ISTear Nottaway Court House they were attacked by a cavalry division of the enemy under Fitz Hugh Lee, and after a severe fight, killing and wounding more than one hundred and fifty of the enemy, they retreated in confusion. At Stony Creek Station, on the Weldon Railroad, they met a largely superior force of the enemy, consisting of infan try cavalry and artillery, which had been detached from Lee s army for the purpose of intercepting them. 552 THE GREAT REBELLION. Wilson s command retired to Ream s Station, where the enemy was met in still larger force, atid it became evi dent that the design was to capture the whole party, which had destroyed their railroad. So perilous had the position of the command become that General Wilson determined to abandon his wounded, destroy his caissons, limbers, and ammunition wagons, and attempt to cut his way through. After a desperate fight a por tion of the command escaped, but the enemy captured all the artillery and compelled the retreat of the remain der of the cavalry. Arriving at City Point, orders were issued to dismount all the cavalry regiments recruited since a certain date, which included this regiment, and convert them into infantry; but on the representation by General Wilson of its good discipline and effectiveness, the First New Hampshire was excepted. This famous raid was seldom equalled during the war, either in its hardships or results. Eighty miles of railroad track, four locomotives, two trains of cars, large quantities of tobacco and cotton were destroyed, twenty-five hundred contrabands and a great number of horses and mules brought into the Union lines, and the communication of Lee s army with the south completely cut off for a month. In this raid the regiment suffered a loss of one officer and seventy men, killed, wounded or missing. All through the summer and fall of 1864 the New Hampshire Cavalry was continually active in co-oper ating with the Army of the Potomac, with its division, by itself and by detachments, on raids, skirmishing and performing long, hasty, and tedious marches to points where its services were required gaining for itself a high reputation for discipline and efficiency, and reflect ing honor upon the State. The army lay at Winchester, in winter quarters, until the last of February, 1865, little of importance occur ring. On the 18th of December, in an expedition up FIRST CAVALRY. 553 the valley, the division was attacked at night, and in the confusion Lieut. Colonel Hut chins and several others were captured. Later in the winter fifty picked men, under Lieuts. Palmer and Jones, took part in the raid which resulted in the capture of Harry Gilmor, the noted guerrilla. On the 26th of February General Sheridan, with the two divisions of Cavalry commanded respectively by Generals Custar and Merritt, started on the raid on which he reached Richmond, after capturing the rem nants of Early s army, and destroying railroads and the James River canal. The Twenty-second New York was joined with the First New Hampshire, under com mand of Colonel Thompson, both regiments being reduced in numbers, and acting as a single regiment. On the fourth day the command reached Waynes- borough, a small village about twelve miles south of Staunton, on the railroad leading to Gordonsville. The enemy was found strongly posted on the ridge at the entrance to the village, in rifle-pits, and having many guns in position in earthworks. Two regiments were dismounted and sent to make a demonstration on the enemy s left, while the First New Hampshire and two others were kept in front, mounted for a charge. At the signal for the charge Colonel Thompson s command took the front, followed by the Eighth New York and First Vermont. The men rode up to the rifle-pits, leap ed their horses over the works, and with their sabers alone captured about fifteen hundred prisoners, all the artillery, wagons, other property, and the colors of every regiment and detachment engaged. The rebel army was entirely demolished. The prisoners were taken to Winchester by Colonel Thompson, with a guard of seven small regiments, including the First New Hampshire Cavalry, numbering about six hundred, and a few dismounted men. This was a responsible 554 THE GREAT REBELLION. duty, his rear being continually threatened and several times attacked by the enemy. It Was accomplished, however, without the loss of a prisoner, but on the con trary having materially increased their number by captures. The five companies unorganized when the seven first ones left the State, were largely composed of substitutes, and others who enlisted for the heavy bounties offered, many of whom deserted on the way and after reaching the regiment. They did not join the regiment until March, 1865, but were kept on detached duty. The regiment was mustered out of service on the 29th of June, arrived at Concord on the 16th of July, and on the 21st was paid and discharged. LIGHT BA TIER Y. 555 NEW HAMPSHIRE LIGHT BATTERY. The first and only light battery sent to the war from New Hampshire was organized at Manchester in the autumn of 1861. It was mustered into the United States service on the 26th of September. The following were its officers, and their official record : Captains George A. Gerrish, of Manchester. Honorably discharged March 7, 1863. Frederick M. Edgell, of Orford. Promoted to Major 1st Regt. N. H. Heavy Artillery Nov. 10, 1864. George K. Dakin, of Manchester. See 12th Company Heavy Artillery. First Lieuts. Edwin H. Hobbs, of Manchester. Mustered out June 22, 1863. Frederick M. Edgell, of Orford. Promoted to Captain March 8, 1863. John "Wadleigh, of Orford. Discharged to accept promotion April 3, 1864. "William N. Chamberlain, of Orford. Mustered out Oct. 6, 1864. Gilman Stearns, of Orford. Mustered out Oct. 5, 1864. George K. Dakin, of Manchester. Promoted to Captain Dec. 3, 1864. Ephraim Fiske, of Manchester. See 12th Company Heavy Artillery. Ezra D. Cilley, of Manchester. See 12th Company Heavy Artillery. Second Lieuts. John Wadleigh, of Manchester. Promoted to First Lieut March 8, 1863. Henry F. Condict, of Manchester. Resigned June 2, 1863. John R. Piper, of Manchester. Mustered out Sept. 23, 1864 Orrin Taber, of Manchester. Mustered out Oct 7, 1864. 556 THE GREA T REBELLION. John E. Bean, of Manchester. See 12th Company Heavy Artillery Asa D. Gilmore, of Concord. See 12th Company Heavy Artillery On the 1st of November this company proceeded to Washington, completely armed and equipped as a six gun battery. It was assigned to the first Division of the Army of the Potomac, Major General McDowell com manding, and maved to Munson s Hill, Virginia. The Battery was with its division in the advance upon Manassas, on the 10th of March, 1862, and occupied the City of Fredericksburg on the 18th of April. On the 9th of August it marched with its division to join Gen eral Pope at Culpeper Court House, and arrived at Cedar Mountain on the llth, two days after the battle at that place. On the retreat of General Pope s com mand, the Battery was engaged with the enemy at Rappahannock station on the 22d of August, at Sul phur Springs on the 26th, and reached the battle ground of Bull Run on the 29th. Toward evening a reconnoi- tering force, consisting of the brigade of General Hatch, the First New Hampshire Battery and a few cavalry troops was sent down the Warrenton road; met the enemy in force near Groveton, and after a short but severe engagement was repulsed. The Battery lost in this action two men killed ; Lieut. "Wadleigh and several men severely wounded; Captain Gerrish -and ten men taken prisoners, and one gun captured by the enemy. The Battery was engaged in the action at Antietam on the 17th of September, in the corps of General Hooker. It commenced the action on the extreme right, at daylight, and rendered efficient service in differ ent parts of the field during the entire day. It had only a few men wounded and a few horses killed and disabled. Captain Gerrish and Lieut. Wadleigh rejoin ed the Battery on the 5th of November, and it proceeded LIGHT BA TTER Y. 557 to Aqua Creek, Ya. It took active part in the battle of Fredericksburg, on the 13th of December. It moved to its position in the line of battle, which was on the extreme left of Keyn olds Corps of Franklin s Grand Division, early in the morning. Here it soon became engaged with the batteries of the enemy, and continued fighting until dark. It lost three men killed, fifteen wounded, and about twenty horses killed and disabled. Captain Gerrish, then acting Chief of Artillery of First Division, was \vounded early in the action and taken from the field. A few days later it went into winter quarters at Pratt s Landing, on Potomac Creek. In March, 1863, Captain Gerrish, being still disabled by his wound, resigned his command. The Battery moved with its corps toward the Rappahannock, below Fredericksburg, and was there engaged with the enemy on the 29th and 30th of April and 2d of May. It was afterward engaged at Chancellorsville, on the 4th and 5th of May, sustaining small loss. In May it was transferred from the First Corps to the Artillery Reserve. The Battery with the Reserve Artillery, arrived at Gettys burg early on the morning of the 2d of July, and was put in position on Cemetery Hill, which post it main tained until noon on the 4th, doing excellent service, especially in assisting to repel the furious assaults of the enemy on the 3d. Although exposed for many hours to a destructive fire, it had but three men wounded, and sustained but a small loss in horses and material. On the 15th of October the battery was assigned to the Third Army Corps, and joined the command at Union Mills on the same day. On the 8th of November it was engaged in a sharp skirmish with the enemy at Brandy Station, and again at Mine Run on the 30th. It subsequently went into winter quarters at Brandy Station. 558 THE ORE AT REBELLION. In the Spring of 1864, the Battery was assigned to the Second Army Corps, Major General Hancock com manding, and joined it at Stevensburg, Va., on the 19th of April. It was engaged with the enemy at the battle of the Wilderness, on the 6th of May, and with the Sixth Maine Battery, was posted in one of the few places accessible to artillery, and withstood the shock of the charging columns of Longstreet s Corps, and drove back the enemy with severe loss. It sustained no loss except a few horses killed and disabled. It was engaged at Po Eiver on the 9th, 10th and llth, where one officer and two men were severely wounded, others slightly, and four or five horses killed or disabled. It was engaged at Spottsylvania, fighting on the 14th and 18th of May, without loss. At North Anna River on the 23d, it supported the advance of Birney s Division, which succeeded in carrying the bridge and in effecting a crossing. At Cold Harbor the battery fought again on the 3d and 5th of June, having two men wounded and two horses killed. It arrived at Petersburg on the 16th and was immediately placed- in position for battle, and during this and the succeeding four days was sharply engaged, having two men severely wounded. Up to the 30th of June, in the campaign of that year, it had marched one hundred and fifty miles, and been eighteen days engaged in action with the enemy. On the 27th of July, at Deep Bottom, the Battery engaged a battery of the enemy which was greatly annoying the Union troops, and in less than thirty min utes the hostile battery was completely silenced, its men driven from their guns, and one of its limbers exploded. The only loss to the New Hampshire Battery was two horses killed, and a caisson disabled. It again returned to the front of Petersburg, arriving there on the morn ing of the 30th, ready to take part in the assault of that LIGHT BA TTER Y. 559 day. From the 20th to the 30th of August it was almost every day engaged, during which time it lost one man killed and two severely wounded by the enemy s sharpshooters. It was now removed to Fort Hill, where it remained until the 7th of September, and was then placed on the front line of Battery No. 13, where it remained until the 22d of October, being almost con stantly engaged. From July 1st to October 22d, the Battery had been twenty days engaged with the enemy. On the 25th of September, its first term of enlist ment having expired, fifty-nine men of the original number, who had not re-enlisted, were mustered out of service, together with four officers. By an order from the War Department, on the 5th of November, this organization was transferred to the First Regiment of New Hampshire Heavy Artillery, with the designation of Battery M, but guarantied to remain detached as a Light Battery in the field. Perhaps no organization from this State rendered more faithful and valuable ser vice to the country, or made for itself a more honorable record, than the First New Hampshire Battery, in the three years of its existence. 560 THE GEE A T REBELLION. FIRST HEAVY ARTILLERY. In April, 1863, the War Department granted special authority to raise in New Hampshire a company of Heavy Artillery, to garrison the defenses of Portsmouth harbor, and on the 17th of that month Charles H. Long, late Lieut. Colonel of the Seventeenth Regiment which was not mustered into the United States service was commissioned Captain. The organization was com pleted and the company was mustered into the service on the 22d of July, 1863, and stationed at Fort Consti tution. On the 18th of August, 1863, Ira McL. Barton, for merly a Captain in the Fifth Regiment, was commission ed Captain of a second company, raised under similar authority and for similar purposes as the first. It was mustered into the United States service on the 17th of September, and was stationed at Fort McClary, Kittery Point. These companies remained at their respective posts until May, 1864. During this time the first company made many improvements in Fort Constitution, build ing a long set of quarters for the men. The second company, stationed at Fort McClary, upon the Quarter master s purchasing the lumber, built, without any assistance, one of the finest hospitals belonging to the United States on the New England coast. On the 6th of May, both companies, under orders from Major Gen eral Dix reported to General Augur, commanding the Department of Washington, and were assigned for duty in the defenses of that city. Company A furnished men for garrison duty at Forts Slocum, Stevens, Totten, HEAVY ARTILLERY. 561 Sumner, and Batteries Parrott, Cameron, Kendall, and Vermont. Company B was sent as a relieving and occupying force into ten different forts, among them Forts Bunker Hill, Saratoga, Lincoln, Bayard, Gaines, and Foote, at which last important work they were stationed as a permanent garrison. Company A was stationed in the defenses north of the city, and assisted in defeating Early in his raid on Washington Captain Long being in command of a Provisional Battalion of four hundred men. In August, 1864, Captain Ira McL. Barton made appli cation to the Secretary of War, through Governor Joseph A. Gilmore, of , New Hampshire, for leave to raise a battalion of at least four companies of Heavy Artillery, which was granted on the 19th of August. Captain Barton was placed on recruiting service by the War Department, and returning to New Hampshire, took charge of the organization of the companies, under Adjutant General Natt Head. In the meantime a third company had been started, and was quickly raised by Captain J. 0. Chandler, of Manchester. The four additional companies authorized by the War Depart ment were very soon filled. One at Dover, by Captain George W. Colbath; one at Concord, by Captain R. S. Davis; one at Nashua, by Captain D. J. Flanders, and one at Laconia, by Captain A. S. Libby. Recruits came in so rapidly that the four companies authorized were soon more than filled, and Adjutant General Head obtained authority to raise other companies. One was raised at Newport by Captain C. C. Shattuck, and another at Lancaster, by Captain Charles 0. Bradley, while a third was organized from a ninety days com pany at Fort Constitution, and a fourth from general volunteers at Concord, the former under Captain George C. Houghton, and the latter under Captain R. E. Welch. 562 THE GREAT REBELLION. The companies were ordered to "Washington as fast as they were organized, and were assigned to duty under the direction of Major General Augur. Ten companies having been organized, and the eleventh having been commenced, authority was given to complete the regi mental organization. The Governor commissioned Captain Long as Colonel, and Captain Barton as Lieut. Colonel. Lieut. Colonel Barton was immediately mus tered, and was relieved from duty in New Hampshire by Colonel Long, who undertook the completion of the regiment. It being found impossible to raise the twelfth company, which was necessary to fully complete the regimental organization, and to admit of the muster of Colonel Long, the New Hampshire Light Battery was assigned to the regiment, and on the 16th of November Colonel Long was mustered and assumed command. The following is a list of the field, staff and company officers, and the official record of each : FIELD AND STAFF OFFICERS. COLONEL Charles II. Long, of Clarmont.* Lieut. Colonel Ira McL. Barton, of Newport. Majors George A. Wainwright, of Hanover. Dexter G. Reed, of Newport. Frederick M. Edgell, of Orford. Surgeon Ezekiel Morrill, of Concord. Ass t Surgeons R. W. Price, of Seabrook. Amos S. Bixby, of Acworth. Chaplain C. W. Walker, of Stratford. Sergeant Major Norman A. Tuttle, of Keene. Quartermaster Sergeant S. D. Hill, of Manchester. Commissary Sergeant Wm. D. Haley, of Tuftonboro . Hospital Stewards Sam. Nims, of Newport. Principal Musicians Hiram S. Clifford, of Alexandria. John II. Caswell, of Concord. *Unle88 otherwise stated, the record is " Mustered out June 15, 1865." HE A VY ARTILLER Y. 663 COMPANY OFFICERS. Co. A. Captains Charles H. Long, of Claremont. Promoted to Colonel Sept. 29, 1864. Benjamin F. Wells, of Lisbon. Mustered out Sept. 11, 1865. First Lieuts. Geo. A. Wainwright, of Hanover. Promoted to Major, Sept. 29, 1864. Benjamin F. "Wells, of Lisbon. Promoted to Captain Nov. 9, 1864. Frank G. Wentworth, of Lee. Mustered out Sept. 11, 1865. Christopher W. Harold, of Portsmouth. Mustered out Sept. 11, 1865. Second Lieuts. Benjamin F. Wells, of Lisbon. Promoted to First Lieut. Aug. 10, 1863. Christopher W. Harold, of Portsmouth. Promoted to First Lieut. Nov. 9, 1864. Frank G. Wentworth, of Lee. Promoted to First Lieut. Sept. 29, 1864. Clarence S. Grey, of Portsmouth. Mustered out Sept. 11, 1865. Walter S. Bailey, of Lancaster. Mustered out Sept. 11, 1865. Co. B. Captains Ira McL. Barton, of Newport. Promoted to Lieut. Colonel Sept. 29, 1864. George P. Thyng, of Gilford. Mustered out Sept. 11, 1865. First Lieuts. Dexter G. Reed, of Newport. Promoted to Major Sept. 29, 1864. Samuel Webster, of Dover. Died Feb. 3, 1864. George P. Thyng, of Gilford. ^Promoted to Captain Sept. 29, 1864. Lucius H. Bus well, of Grantham. Mustered out Sept. 11, 1865. Haskell P. Coffin, of Londonderry. Mustered out Sept. 11, 1865. Second Lieuts. Thos. J. Whittle, of Manchester. Honorably discharged June 11, 1864. George P. Thyng, of Gilford. Promoted to First Lieut. Feb. 4, 1864. Lucius A. Buswell, of Grantham. Promoted to First Lieut. Sept. 29, 1864. 564 THE ORE A T REBELLION. Alexander V. Hitchcock, of Newport. Honorably disqharged July 29, 1864. Haskell P. Coffin, of Londonderry. Promoted to First Lieut. Sept. 29, 1864. Joseph Mills, of Great Falls. Honorably discharged June 8, 1865. Albert Miner, of Croydon. Mustered out Sept. 11, 1865. Co. C. Captain James 0. Chandler, of Manchester. First Lieuts. James R. Carr, of Manchester. James G. Burns, of Manchester. Second Lieuts. James G. Burns, of Manchester. Promoted to First Lieut. Sept. 8, 1864. Moses 0. Pearson, of Manchester. Reuben Dodge, of Manchester. Co. D. Captain George W. Colbath, of Dover. First Lieuts. Wm. S. Pillsbury, of Londonderry. William F. Thayer, of Dover. Second Lieuts. William F. Thayer, of Dover. Promoted to First Lieut. Sept. 12, 1864. Joseph T. S. Libby, of Dover. Moses P. Moulton, of Dover. Honorably discharged Feb. 15, 1865. Joseph II. Flagg, of Kingston. Co. E. Captain Robert S. Davis, of Concord. First Lieuts. Joseph C. Clifford, of Salisbury. Plumer D. Watson, of Northwood. Second Lieuts. Joseph I. Shallis, of Concord. Melvin L. Ingalls, of Concord. Co. F. Captain Daniel J. Flanders, of Nashua. First Lieuts. Major A. Shaw, of Nashua. Henry M. Mills, of Nashua. Second Lieuts. Milton A. Taylor, of Naslma. George H. Sears, of Nashua. Co. G. Captain Alvah S. Libby, of Wolfeborough. First Lieuts. James H. Swan, of Laconia. Levi F. Whitney, of Gilford. Discharged for disability Jan. 20, 1866. William W. Ballard, of Ilolderness. SEA VY ARTILLER Y. 565 Second Lieuts. Wm. W. Ballard, of Holderness. Promoted to First Lieut. Feb. 23, 1865. George W. Home, of Wolfeborough. Henry F. Hunt, of Gilford. Co. H. Captain Charles C. Shattuck, of Newport. First Lieuts. Clark Edwards, of Landaff. Truman L. Heath, of Newport. Second Lieuts. P. H. Welcome, of Newport. Albert S. Holland, of Keene. Co. I. Captains Charles 0. Bradley, of Concord. First Lieuts. John C. Jen ness, of Lancaster. William H. ShurtlefF, of Lancaster. Second Lieuts Clark Stevens, of Columbia. Chauncey H. Greene, of Littleton. Co. K. Captain George C. Hough ton, of Manchester. First Lieuts. Charles L. Bailey, of Manchester. John E. Johnson, of Manchester. Promoted to Captain and A. Q. M. U. S. V., May 11, 1865. Second Lieut. H. A. Lawrence, of Manchester. Edward J. Wing, of Manchester. Co. L. Captain Richard E. Welch, of Concord. First Lieuts. Stephen E. Twombly, of Milton. Paine Durkee, of Croydon. Second Lieuts. Wm. C. Mahurin, of Columbia. George E. Crummett, of Concord. Co. M. LIGHT BATTERY. Captain George K. Dakin, of Manchester. First Lieuts. Ephraim Fisk, of Manchester Ezra D. Cilley. Second Lieuts. John R. Bean. Asa D. Gilmore, of Concord. All the officers of this Battery were Mustered out June 9, 1865. On the 21st of November, 1864, Colonel Long was assigned to the command of Hardin s division, Twenty- second Army Corps, and the command of the regiment devolved upon Lieut. Colonel Barton. On the 25th 566 THE GREAT REBELLION. Battery A was ordered to Portsmouth harbor, and in February, 1865, Battery B was ordered "for duty at the same place. During the winter and until the muster out of the regiment, it garrisoned a line of works ten miles in extent, and gained considerable proficiency in artillery drill. On the 15th of June, 1865, the regiment was muster ed out of service, and arrived at Concord on the 19th, where it received final pay and discharge. SHARPSHOOTER SHARPSHOOTERS. 567 SHARPSHOOTERS. New Hampshire furnished three companies of Sharp shooters for the army. In the summer of 1861, Colonel Berdan procured permission from the War Department to raise a force of Sharpshooters, and a promise that two thousand Sharpe s rifles should be manufactured for them. The result was the First and Second Regi ments of United States Sharpshooters, commonly known as Berdan s Sharpshooters, of which the three compa nies from this State formed a part. Colonel Berdan asked the Governor first for one, and then for two more companies. The test prescribed by the War Depart ment for Sharpshooters was: each man must make a string of ten shots, measuring, in the aggregate, from center of bull s eye to center of ball, not more than fifty inches, at a distance of one hundred yards off-hand, or two hundred yards at a rest. This was the maximum, but the strings of the men admitted into the first com pany varied from seven to thirty inches. It was mustered into the United States service on the 9th of September, 1861, and left the State [for Weehawken, "New Jersey, the rendezvous of the first regiment, on the llth, and was assigned to the first regiment as Company E. The second company was mustered into service on the 28th of November, 1861, and the third on the 10th of December, 1861. Each of these companies consisted of three officers and ninety-five men. They left the State for Washington as soon as mustered, and reported to Colonel Berdan, at Camp of Instruction. They were assigned to the second regiment as Companies F and Q-. The following were the officers of all these companies during their term of service, with the record of each: 568 THE GREAT REBELLION. Co. E. Captains Amos B. Jones, of Washington. Promoted to Major 2d U. 8. Sharpshooters, Dec. 3, 1861. William P. Austin, of Claremont. Wounded Aug. 30, 1862. Discharged on account of wounds May 16, 1863. William (jr. Andrews, of Warner. Wounded slightly Aug. 16, 1864. Mustered out Sept. 8, 1864. First Lieuts. William P. Austin, of Claremont. Promoted to Captain Dec. 20, 1861. William H. Gibbs, of Hanover. Resigned Aug. 31, 1862. William G. Andrews, of Warner. Promoted to Captain Oct. 1, 1863 Samuel D. Monroe, of Washington. Killed at Kelley s Ford, Va., Nov. 7, 1862 Isaac Davis, of Fisherville. Wounded severely May 81, 1864. Mustered out Sept. 8, 1864. Second Lieuts. William H. Gibbs, of Hanover. Promoted to First Lieut. Dec. 20, 1861. Cyrus E. Jones, of Bradford. Wounded and captured at Malvern Hill, Va. Exchanged. Died of wounds at New York City Aug. 7, 1862. Benjamin F. Brown, of Concord. Discharged for disability August 18, 1863. Samuel D. Monroe, of Washington. Promoted to First Lieut. Oct. 1, 1863. Co. F. Captains Henry M. Caldwell, of Dunbarton. Died July 12, 1862. Edward T. Rowell, of Concord. Promoted to Major July 1, 1864. Samuel F. Murray, of Auburn. Honorably discharged Dec. 29, 1864. Asel B. Griggs, of Orford. Transferred to Co^K, 5th N. H. V., to date Dec. 23, 1864. First Lieuts. James II. Hildreth, of Lebanon. Resigned August, 1863. Samuel F. Murray, of Auburn. Promoted to Captain Sept. 10, 1863. Edwin F. Chadwick, of Boscawen. Honorably discharged April 25, 1864. Asel B. Griggs, of Orford. Promoted to Captain Jan. 16, 1865. James E. Follansbee, of Mont Yernon. Transferred to Co. K, 5th N. H. V., to date Dec. 23, 1864. SHARPSHOOTERS. 569 Second Lieuts. Edward T. Rowell, of Concord. Promoted to Captain July 13, 1862. Samuel F. Murray, of Auburn. Promoted to First Lieut. Aug. 30, 1863. Asel B. Griggs, of Orford. Wounded June 21, 1864. ^ Promoted to First Lieut. Nov. 22, 1864. Co. G. Captains William D. McPherson, of Concord. Resigned Oct. 31, 1862. Howard P. Smith, of Hudson. Wounded May 6, 1864. Mustered out Dec. 24, 1864 First Lieuts. John A. Moores, of Canterbury. Resigned Nov. 14, 1862. Albert G. Fisher, of New Ipswich. Discharged April 2, 1864. Abner I). Colby, of Manchester. Taken prisoner May 6, 1864. Exchanged Feb. 28, 1865. Mustered out June 21, 1865. Second Lieuts. Edward Dow, of Concord. Resigned July 16, 1862. John "W. Thompson, of Nashua. Killed Sept. 17, 1862. Howard P. Smith, of Hudson. Promoted to Captain Nov. 1, 1862. Warren H. Fletcher, of Claremont. Transferred to Co. K, 5th N. H. V., Dec. 23, 1864. Company E spent the winter of 1861-62 at Camp of Instruction in drilling and target practice. Earl} 7 in the spring of 1862 the First Regiment United States Sharp shooters was assigned to Fitz John Porter s Division, with which it made its first campaign. On the 9th of March, in a reconnoissance toward Big Bethel, the only enemy found was a few cavalry scouts, one of whom was shot from his horse at a "distance of about thirteen hundred yards, by private James Morse, of company E. This was the first man shot on either side in the Penin sula campaign. The regiment took the advance of the Fifth Corps on the march to Yorktown, and on the 5th of April distinguished themselves in the first battle of the campaign, crawling up near the enemy s works and with their target rifles picking off the rebel gunners so 570 THE ORE AT REBELLION. surely as to render their batteries nearly useless. It was in this engagement that the company lost its first man killed, private J. S. M. Ide, of Claremont. During the long siege of Yorktown which succeeded, the sharp shooters were constantly at work, and kept the enemy from molesting working parties. After the capture of Yorktown, on the 5th of May, they proceeded by water to West Point, where they exchanged their target guns for Sharpe s rifles. On the 27th they took part in the battle of ^ Hanover Court House, and then accompanied Porter s Corps through the famous seven days fight, losing heavily in the battles of Mechanicsville, Games Mill and Malvern Hill. At the latter place Second Lieut. C. E. Jones was wounded and taken prisoner, soon after which he died. At Gainesville and second Bull Run, in August, the com pany suffered considerable loss in killed and wounded, among the latter of whom was Captain William P. Aus tin, of Claremont, who had his arm severely shattered. At Blackford s Ford, on the 19th of September, in a sharp engagement, they drove the rebels and captured several pieces of artillery. They took part in the terri ble battle of Fredericksburg, on the 13th of December, and were the last troops withdrawn across the river after the attack was abandoned. Early in January, 1863, the two regiments of sharp shooters w r ere brought together in one command, under Colonel Berdan. While thus organized they took part in the great battle of Chance llorsville, where they greatly distinguished themselves, first in the engagement known as " The Cedars," where they took the entire Twenty- third Georgia Regiment prisioners, and afterward in the great battle of May 3d, where they suffered heavily. At the battle of Gettysburg the sharpshooters were almost constantly engaged, and contributed their full share toward that victory which saved Washington from SHARPSHOOTERS. 571 capture, and turned the tide in favor of the Union arms. They then joined in the pursuit of Lee, and bore the brunt of the sharp fight of Wapping Heights, where their splendid skill in skirmishing, their coolness and the deliberation and accuracy of their aim won great praise from Generals Meade and French, who were eye witnesses of their movements. They also distinguished themselves in a charge at Auburn, on the 13th of Octo ber, which elicited a special complimentary order from the Corps commander. At Kelley s Ford, November 3d, they drove the enemy across the Rappahannock, captured a large number of prisoners, and gained a lodgment of the Union forces on the other side of the river. Here Sergeant Samuel D. Monroe, who had been commissioned first lieutenant, but not mustered, was instantly killed. On the 27th and 28th of November, in the severe battles at Locust Grove and Mine Run, they took an active part, and suffered considerable loss. In the winter the sharpshooters were assigned to the Third Brigade, Third Division, Second Army Corps, General Hancock commanding, with Brigadier General Alexander Hayes as brigade commander. With this brigade they went through the bloody campaign of the summer of 1864, under fire almost without cessation, every day from the 5th of May until they were mustered out of service, during which campaign Captain W. G. Andrews and First Lieut. Isaac Davis were both wounded. On the 8th of September the original members of Company E, less than a score in number, were mustered out of service. By order of the various Corps com manders under which it served, this company was allowed to inscribe upon its colors the names and dates of thirty battles and skirmishes in which it participated, the first being at Lewinsville, September 27, 1861, and the last at Deep Bottom, August 15 and 16, 1864. 572 THE GREAT REBELLION. Companies F and G formed a part of the Second Regi ment. After remaining at Camp of Instruction, near "Washington, through the winter of 1861-62, on the 18th of March the regiment was assigned to the brigade of General Augur, First Division, First Corps, and joined the command at Camp Williams, near Fairfax Seminary. They met the enemy for the first time at Falmouth, on the 15th of April, and in a short skirmish drove them across the Rappahannock, At the time of Banks retreat to Harper s Ferry, and during the trip, the regi ment lost one man killed and about sixty wounded, by a collision of trains on the railroad. On the 12th of July Captain II. M. Caldwell, Company F, died of typhoid fever, and the service thus lost a brave, patriotic and faithful officer. First Lieut. J. II. Hildreth was detailed as aid to General Gibbon, and the command of the company devolved on Lieut. Rowell. At Rappahannock Station, in a sharp engagement, on the 23d of August, Company F had its first man wounded Sergeant J. P. Dodge, of New Boston. The two companies bore an honorable part in the disastrous campaign of General Pope, in the battles of Sulphur Springs, Gainesville, and Bull Run. They won great praise from their commanding officers at the battles of South Mountain and Antietam, where they suffered heavy losses. Among the killed was Second Lieut. J. W. Thompson, of Company G, who was shot through the head while attempting to capture a stand of rebel colors. The regiment was hotly engaged at Fredericks- burg, on the 13th of December, under General Franklin. As stated, the two regiments of sharpshooters were brought together in one brigade, early in January, 1863, and so continued through the campaign of the succeed ing summer. At Sulphur Springs the First Regiment was transferred to the third brigade, while the Second remained with General Ward s, taking part in the SHARPSHOOTERS. 573 battles of Kelly s Ford, Locust Grove, Mine Run, and encamped during the winter at Brandy Station. In January, 1864, more than two-thirds of each company re-enlisted, and the regiment became a veteran regiment and received a furlough. The history of these companies during the bloody campaign of 1864, is mainly like that of company E. They were used mostly as skirmishers and sharpshooters, and were almost constantly under fire. From the time of the consolidation of the two regiments, in January, 1863, they participated in the same battles and skir mishes as Company E. Previous to this time they par ticipated in eight engagements, in all of which they acted with great coolness and gallantry. Major Rowell was wounded severely at the battle of Petersburg ; Cap tain Murray, Company F, was taken prisoner at the battle of Ream s Station, and was in the hands of the enemy several months, and Captain H. P. Smith, Com pany G, was severely wounded in the battle of the Wilderness. The few original men of these two campanies who had not re-enlisted, were mustered out of service at the expiration of their term, in Novem ber and December, 1864. The remainder, with the rest of the regiment, w r ere consolidated into one company, with those left of the First Regiment, and were trans ferred to the Fifth New Hampshire, in which they formed Company K, with three officers, Captain Griggs, First Lieut. Follansbee, and Second Lieut. Fletcher. These three companies of Sharpshooters contained some of the best rifle shots in the State, and have not been surpassed by any organization from New Hamp shire for the intelligence and soldierly qualities of their members. They participated in more battles and skir mishes than the average of regiments, and probably killed more rebels than the same number of troops in any other arm of the service ; while from their having 5 74 THE GREA T REBELLION. been seldom used in line of battle in dense masses, tbey suffered less loss in comparison than many other regi ments. SUMMARY OF NEW HAMPSHIRE TROOPS. \Vhole number of different commissioned officers, 1601 Promoted in Regiments, 761 Promoted out of Regiments, 50 Whole number of commissions issued, 2362 Declined commissions, 49 Not mustered in grade to which commissioned 217 Mustered out at expiration of term, ...784 Honorably discharged for various reasons, 466 Killed in action, or died of wounds 136 Died of disease, 43; committed suicide, 1 44 Dishonorably discharged, 39; Commissions revoked, 13 52 Whole number of original enlisted men, 19851 Killed in action or died of wounds, 1056 Died of disease, 2006 Honorably discharged for disability, or other causes, 3767 Mustered out at expiration of term 8216 Transferred to other commands, 938 Deserted, , 1191 Promoted in Regiments to com d officers and non-com d staff, : 582 Promoted out of Regiments, 55 Dishonorably discharged, 23 Missing in action, 133 ; not officially accounted for, 116 249 Absent when regiment was mustered out, 150 Accidental deaths, 31 Re-enlisted veterans, ..1571 Executed for desertion, 1 ; committed suicide 1, 2 Deserters returned voluntarily, or captured, 199 Died in rebel prisons, 138 Whole number of volunteer recruits, drafted men and substitutes, ....11298 Killed in action, or died of wounds 443 Missing in action, 133 Died of disease 515 Mustered out at expiration of term, 2914 Honorably discharged for disability and other causes, 655 Deserted 3549 Executed for desertion 13 Deserters returned voluntarily, or-captured 205 Died in rebel prisons, 130 From the above it will be seen that the whole number of commissioned officers in the war from New Hampshire was 1601 ; enlisted men, recruits and substitutes, 31,149 making a total of men from the State of 32,750, out of a population of less than 330,000, or about ten per cent, of the whole population. THE GREAT REBELLION. 575 The Fifth Kegiment lost the greatest number of men killed, though the Twelfth suffered most heavily in pro portion to its numbers, losing over one-tenth of its members on the field, while the loss of the Fifth was less than one-twelfth. The First, Sixteenth and Seven teenth regiments lost no men killed in battle. The Ninth lost the greatest absolute number, but the Six teenth the greatest percentage by disease. The deaths in the latter amounted to over twenty per cent, notwith standing it was never in an engagement. The number of desertions varied with the number and character of the recruits received in the latter months of the war. Many deserted on their way to the field, and never reached the regiment to which they were assigned. The authorities of the State looked well to the needs of her soldiers, under all circumstances. Colonel Frank E. Howe, of the City of New York, and Robert R. Car son, of Philadelphia, were early appointed agents to look after, provide and care for the sick and w^ounded soldiers of New Hampshire who were in hospitals or passing through those cities, and each forwarded month ly reports of names, disability and deaths in the several hospitals, and other important facts in relation to soldiers coming under their observation. Other agents were appointed and sent to army hospitals and battle fields to look after the sick and wounded and bury the dead. From the 1st to the 15th of April, 1865, great events transpired, agitating the country from one end to the other. Richmond was taken, Lee s army surrendered to General Grant, at Appomattox Court House and while the north was rejoicing at the prospect of a speedy peace and a happy issue out of our national difficulties, President Lincoln was assassinated at Ford s Theater, in 576 THE GREAT REBELLION. Washington, where he went by special invitation, on the evening of the 14th, by John Wflkes Booth, and expired the next morning, about half-past seven o clock. The country was plunged into deep mourning. The same day Andrew Johnson, the Vice President, was inaugurated President of the United States. In ac cordance with recommendation from Washington, the Governor of New Hampshire issued a proclamation suggesting that funeral obsequies be observed through out the State on the 19th, which was obeyed by every considerable town. President Johnson designated the 1st of June for further memorial service to the lamented Abraham Lincoln, throughout the country, and Gover nor Gilmore made proclamation to the people of New Hampshire accordingly. Hon. James W. Patterson, then Representative in Congress, accepted an invitation from the Governor and the Honorable Council to pro nounce a Funeral Eulogy, at Concord, and the people of the State were invited to assemble there and join in the ceremonies. They turned out in large numbers, including military and other organizations; the exer cises agreed upon were fully, solemnly and creditably carried oat, and the procession was the largest ever known in the State. It was a spontaneous expression of the sorrow of the people for the loss of a great, good and patriotic man, respected and beloved by every true American, as no other man had been since George Washington. ICHABOD GOODWIN. 577 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. GOVERNOR ICHABOD GOODWIN. Ichabod Goodwin was born in that part of the ancient town of Brunswick, Maine, now known as North Ber wick, in October, 1796. When fourteen years old he entered, as clerk, the counting room of Samuel Lord, Esq., a merchant, of Portsmouth. In 1817 he went to sea as supercargo to a ship, in the employment of John P. & Samuel Lord, of Portsmouth. Soon after he sailed as master and supercargo of one of their ships, and then became interested with them in the ships he commanded. In 1832 he abandoned the sea, and en gaged in an extensive mercantile business, in connection with Samuel E. Coues, Esq., at Portsmouth. He repre sented that city in the popular branch of the New Hampshire Legislature, in 1838, 43, 44, 50, 54, and 56, and was a member of the Constitutional Convention in 1850. He was the first President of the Eastern Rail road Company, in New Hampshire, and held the office for twenty years. In 1847 he was elected the President of the Portland, Saco, and Portsmouth Railroad Com pany, which office he still holds. In March, 1859, Mr. Goodwin was elected Governor of New Hampshire, and was re-elected in 1860 his term of office extending to June 5, 1861, covering the breaking out of the rebellion and the raising of the first two regiments of volunteer infantry from the State in the War of the Rebellion. This was a most trying period in the history of New Hampshire, and most nobly and patriotically did Gover nor Goodwin meet the emergency. The people har* confidence in his wisdom and financial skill, and when he issued a call for men and money for the war they 578 THE GREAT REBELLION. responded promptly. There were no funds in the treasu ry aside from what was required to me*et the ordinary expenses of the State, and the crisis demanded " the sinews of war" in such amount as then seemed very large, and that the quota of men called for by the Presi dent from New Hampshire should be raised and made ready for the field without delay. He appealed to the banking institutions and private individuals of the State those of other States had their own burdens to bear and they promptly and nobly came forward and placed at his disposal six hundred and eighty thousand dollars. To call an extra session of the Legislature would in volve delay and a considerable expense, and Governor Goodwin, with the advice of his Council, assumed the responsibility, as Commander-in-Chief of the Militia, to act without special legislative authority. On the assembling of the Legislature, in June, in a valedictory address, he plainly and concisely stated the position he assumed and the motives which actuated him. The Legislature at once endorsed all his acts by unanimously passing "the Enabling Act," relieving the Governor of his heavy responsibility. His administration of State affairs for two years met with almost universal approval, and he left the office with the highest respect of all parties. As a member of the Legislature and of the Constitu tional Convention he took a leading part on committees and in debate. His speeches were never made for show. He spoke only when there seemed to be occasion for it, and then always to the point, and was listened to with great respect^ and attention, for his conservatism and practical wisdom in all matters of public policy were well known. In all public positions he discharged his duties with fidelity, industry and marked ability. As a citizen and business man he is public spirited, liberal, high-minded, and enjoys the unbounded confidence and respect of all. NATHANIEL S. BERRY. 579 GOVERNOR NATHANIEL S. BERRY. Nathaniel S. Berry, the thirty-sixth Governor of New Hampshire, was born at Bath, Me., on the 1st of Septem ber, 1796. His father, who was a ship carpenter, died in 1802, leaving his mother with four young chidren. "When Nathaniel was ten years old his mother married again, and when twelve he came with his mother and step-father to Lisbon, New Hampshire. He subsequently served an apprenticeship at the tanning and currying business in Bath, this State. He commenced the tan ning and currying business on his own account at Bristol, New Hampshire, and resided there twenty-two years. In 1828 he represented that town in the New Hampshire Legislature, and also in 1833 and 1834. He was elected to the State Senate from the Eleventh District in 1835 and 1836, and was returned to the House of Representa tives from Bristol in 1837. In 1840 he moved to Hebron, where he built an extensive tannery and entered into business. In 1841 he was appointed Judge of the Court of Common Pleas for Grafton County, which office he held until 1850, when he resigned. In 1854 he was elected to the Legislature from Hebron, and in 1856 was appointed Judge of Probate for the County of Grafton, which office he resigned the day before his inauguration as Governor of New Hampshire, in June, 1861. He was a delegate from this State to the Democratic Na tional Convention, in 1840, and was several times can didate for Governor on the Liberty and Free Soil tickets. In January, 1849, Judge Berry s tannery at Hebron, was destroyed by fire. He immediately rebuilt it, and it was again destroyed by that devouring element in 1857. Each time his loss was quite heavy over and above his insurance. After the last fire he looked over his affairs, and found that he could pay all his liabilities 580 THE GREAT REBELLION. and have a small amount left. Being then above sixty years old, he concluded not to rebuild, and retired from the business that he had followed from his early youth. Judge Berry was first elected Governor in March, 1861, just about a month before the first rebel gun was fired at Fort Surnter, and was inaugurated the following June, after the First Regiment had been sent to the field, and while the Second was being organized. It was a position of greater responsibility than any New Hampshire Governor had ever been placed in before, but conscious of the rectitude of his intentions he as sumed it with a determination to answer, as far as he was able, every demand of the general government for troops to aid in putting down the rebellion, with promptness and fidelity. No man was ever influenced by purer or more patriotic motives in all he did, from first to last, than was Governor Berry. During the two years of his administration, from June, 1861, to June, 1863, nearly all of the New Hampshire Regiments and other organizations were raised and put into the field ; and it is not saying more than the truth when it is asserted that no troops went forth from any state better armed, equipped and supplied with the neces saries of the camp than those from New Hampshire. When in the field they were watched over and cared for by the Governor as if they had been his own children, and many a young man who went forth in answer to the call of his country, will remember the words of encour agement and cheer spoken to him by our good, Christian Chief Magistrate, and his frequent visits to their camps in the field. His faithfulness and patriotism was re warded with a re-election, in 1862, by a flattering ma jority. All of Governor Berry s acts while in office were characterized w r ith care and prudence, and his State papers brief, concise and clear in language and wise and JOSEPH A. OILMORE. 581 prudent in their suggestions. "When at the end of his second term, in June, 1863, he retired from office, he carried with him the unqualified respect of all with whom he had been brought in contact, and the good wishes of the people of the entire State. Soon after this Governor Berry removed to Andover, Mass., where he still resides, leading a quiet, peaceful and happy life, honored and respected for his many admirable qualities of head and heart. GOVERNOR JOSEPH A. GILMORE. Governor Gilmore was born at Weston, Windsor County, Vermont, in 1811. He had the advantage of a good common school and academic education, such as most boys at that time enjoyed. His father died when Joseph was but a lad, leaving him dependent upon his own efforts for a livelihood. He went to Boston while quite young, was clerk in a mercanlile establishment, and afterward was in business on his own account. About thirty years ago he removed to Concord, New Hampshire, where he was for some time engaged in a heavy mercantile business. He was subsequently chosen Superintendent of the Concord Railroad, and was inter ested as owner and manager in other railroads running into Concord. He was a man of wonderful activity and energy, pushing to completion any work left to his care. In 1858 and 1859 he represented his district in the NQW Hampshire Senate, and the latter year was president of that body. He was elected Governor of New Hampshire in March, 1863, and was re-elected the following year. His first and all succeeding messages to the Legislature were full of patriotic expressions and suggestions ; and in the two years during which he was Governor, he promptly furnished all troops demanded by the War Department in its several calls upon the State, and 582 THE GREAT REBELLION. was untiring in his attention to the necessities of New Hampshire men in the field and military hospitals. He sent medical men and others, as the exigencies of the war seemed to require them, to attend the wounded during the active operations of the army, and the sick at all times. During these two years no New England State had a more active Chief Magistrate, or one who had its honor and the comfort of its soldiers more nearly at heart than Governor Gilmore. He died on the 17th of April, 1867. GOVERNOR FREDERICK SMYTH. Frederick Smyth, the thirty-eighth Governor of New Hampshire, was born in Candia, Rockingham County, March 9, 1819. His father was a farmer of thrifty habit, in good circumstances, and his mother was a daughter of Isaiah Rowe, a soldier of the Revolution. His youth was spent in assisting his father upon the farm and attending the public school in the district. After availing himself of the schools at home, to the full extent of their advantages, he studied a brief term at Andover, Mass., under charge of Dr. Coleman. The money requisite for this purpose was earned by school teaching and working between schools his first experi ence in this way being at Auburn, when he was seven teen years of age. He had a strong desire to enter college, but the way did not seem clear, and eager to be doing, he entered into trade at the old place known for many years in Candia as the " Master Fitts store," in partnership with Thomas Wheat being of about equal age. After a short time they abandoned the business, and both, in 1838, removed to Manchester, where Dr. Wheat is now a physician in extensive practice, and a highly respected citizen. Frederick, then nineteen years of age, obtained T T.StTLart.Bostcm. GOVERNOR OF HEW HAMPSHIRE 1865-66. FREDERICK SMYTH. 583 a clerkship in a large dry goods and grocery store, doing his work with characteristic zeal. He soon found suffi cient encouragement, and began business for himself, in that then new and rapidly growing place. In 1844 he married Emily, daughter of John Lane, Esq., of Candia, a near neighbor to the old homestead. In 1849 he was chosen City Clerk, which office he held for three years, and until his election as Mayor, in 1852. He was chosen to the mayoralty three years in succes sion, and each time by increased majorities. Some of the best permanent improvements of the city are due to his energetic administration. Among these may be named the trees now affording such grateful shade ; or namentation of the parks; the annexation of Piscataquog and Amoskeag, and the building a new and more com modious depot, after a prolonged contest with the Con cord Railroad corporation. The establishment of a free city Library met with considerable opposition from various quarters; but the Mayor s efforts and influence secured the success of the enterprise. From a small beginning it has by annual appropriations by the city, and in other ways, grown to be one of the most extensive and valuable collections of books in the State, and a blessing to all the people of Manchester. The late Chief Justice Bell, one of tho warmest and most constant friends of the library, evinced his estimate of this act by a resolution offered in the Board of Trustees, March 17, 1855, thanking Mayor Smyth for " his early, decided and successful exertions as chief magistrate of the city," in this behalf. In 1864 a time of peculiar financial difficulty his fellow citizens, without distinction of party, prevailed upon him to accept the mayoralty for the fourth time, being elected without any opposition. In 1855 he was appointed by the Governor and Council, chairman of a Board of Commissioners to locate and 584 THE GREAT REBELLION. build a House of Reformation for Juvenile Offenders. The Manchester Daily Mirror of April ilth, 1862, says : "How successfully he accomplished this difficult task against bitter opposi tion and prejudice arising from location and politics combined, which would have dishearten d almost any other man, the present popularity of the institu tion, of which he is now treasurer, bears witness, and will to future generations." In 1857-58, lie was a member of the popular branch of the State Legislature, and the latter year received a very strong vote in the nominating caucus of his party for Speaker. He was Treasurer and one of the Man agers of the State Agricultural Society for ten years or more, and is now a Vice President of the New England Agricultural, and the United States Pomological Socie ties, and one of the Board of Directors of the United States Agricultural Society. In 1861 he was appointed by the United States as an agent to the International Exhibition at London, and also held a commission from the United States Agricul tural Society to visit such agricultural exhibitions as might be held during the time in Great Britain, or on the Continent. On his arrival in London he was appointed by her Majesty s Commissioners of the Inter national Exhibition, a juror, and was chosen by his associates the reporter for -the jury. This position ad mitted him to the most select circles in London, and also afforded him unusual facilities for acquaintance and association with literary and scientific gentlemen in Europe. In common with others, Mr. Smyth at that time thought that the war would be of short duration, and expected to find matters amicably adjusted on his re turn. After discharging his duties with fidelity at Lon don, he visited the Continent in company with Charles L. Flint, Esq., Secretary of the Massachusetts Board of Agriculture. "When they arrived at Rome in July, 1862, the tidings from home, discouraging enough in fact, FREDERICK SMYTH. 585 became doubly so when received through the distorted medium of continental imagination. Mr. Smyth deeming it his duty to be at home, short ened his intended trip. At Frankfort the news improv ed in character; but they decided to keep on, and arrived at New York in September. Through the following winter, while giving needed attention to the affairs of the First National Bank, of which he is principal financial manager, and of the Savings Bank, of which he is Treasurer, he threw his influence in favor of taking largely of government bonds, at a time when the country was in distress for means to carry on the war, and when it was regarded as a doubtful investment. In May, 1863, a fair in aid of the Sanitary Commission was projected in Manchester. Mr. Smyth was chairman of the committee having it in hand, gave the use of his hall, and several weeks of earnest labor in urging it forward. It was remarkably successful netting about four thousand dollars for the relief of sick and wounded soldiers. It may be here stated, that although he had passed the legal age for military service, he furnished at his private expense a good, able-bodied man, who served during the war. On the memorable first four days of July in that year, the battle of Gettysburg was fought. The late Governor Gilmore immediately sent to the field some of the most prominent citizens, physicians and others, to aid in care of the wounded. Mr. Smyth, with the late George Hutchins of Concord a most worthy and patriotic gen tleman, who, with his wife, was among the lost on board the steamer United States, on the Ohio river, on the 4th of December, 1868 pushed through from Baltimore by cattle cars, teams and on foot, and was one of the first to reach the field. A surgeon who was present, in a letter wrote : " The prompt, efficient and able manner in which he aided both officers and men with counsel, and means 586 THE GREAT REBELLION. to procure needed articles for the relief of distress, was remarked by all. Through drenching rain, through mud, wading swollen creeks, he seemed everywhere present." In this case, however, his zeal was too great for his strength. The sickening effluvia of the battle field, the sounds and sights of distress, beyond all human aid, added to neglect of proper food, brought him to a sick bed, where he was confined during most of the fall of 1863. The next May, while Grant s army was making its way to Richmond, Mr. Smyth again visited the battle field after the sanguinary contest of the Wil derness. Under the broiling sun of a Virginia May, with arms bare to the work, he helped carry the wound ed from the field to Fredericksburg, where such care was given them as could be had. Many a New Hamp shire boy owes his life to these exertions. Meantime the numerous friends of Mr. Smyth throughout the State, and others who had been looking anxiously for some leader fitted to meet a somewhat critical financial emergency, brought forward his name prominently as a candidate for Governor. It was received with favor in all quarters ; the nomination was harmoniously made in convention, favorably received by the people, while his political opponents even conceded the admirable personal qualities of the nominee. In its issue of January 6, 1865, the Boston Journal said : "In the selection of Mr. Smyth as candidate for Governor, the Union men have done themselves much credit and the State a great service. Mr. Smyth is widely and favorably known for his interest in agriculture and mechanic arts, for his enterprise and public spirit, and for his administrative ability. With the constant drain upon the resources of the State in response to the calls of patriotism, and with finances already slightly embarrassed by ad vances made to volunteers, it will require unusual financial ability in the ex ecutive to maintain the credit of the State. Mr. Smyth, we believe, possesses all the requisite qualifications, and with his business habits, sound judgment and untiring energy, and the steady determination of the people to maintain their credit, the Granite State will coine out triumphantly from its embarrass ments." FREDERICK SMYTH. 587 These auguries proved true. Governor Smyth was inaugurated in June 1865, having been elected by a majority of 6084. Said the Independent Democ at, published at Concord : "It is the largest majority received by any candidate for that position in this State, for twenty-four years. It is but a just tribute to unblemished pub lic and private character, to excellent mental ability, well improved and well directed, and to peculiar fitness in head, heart and hand for the responsible position to which he has been assigned." The main purpose of his inaugural message was to awaken confidence in the credit and resources of .the State. Giving the full amount of the debt, he set off against it as no previous State paper had ever done or perhaps had ever occasion to do, the agricultural, me chanical and commercial resources of ]S~ew Hampshire. Some of the towns, restive under unwonted debt, wished to have the State assume their liabilities. Although no formal demand was made, the Governor yet thought best to reply to a popular desire, as follows : "The war debt of the loyal States was incurred equally with that of the nation, for national purposes, and they have cheerfully assumed and volun tarily borne its burdens, under many disadvantages. The general government, to preserve its own life, has been obliged to take virtual possession of the money market by exempting its securlti s from state and municipal taxation, and by increasing the ordinary rates of interest. This has borne heavily upon the visible property and depressed the securities of the states. Whatever means shall be devised by which a share, at least, of this burden shall be discharged by those parties to the rebellion to whom it rightfully belongs, will meet with the cordial approval of the people. When Congress manifests a disposition to move in this matter, the claims of our cities and towns should be considered and adjusted. Any state action prior to this can afford no relief. Should the State now assume the town debts, it must levy a tax directly upon the towns, as its own present debt is already quite as large as we shall be able to fund, or manage so as to preserve the public credit." After giving the number of soldiers sent to the field, the Governor said : " Our State will never be unmindful of the heroic deeds of her sons in the great struggle for national life. They sprang to arms at the first call, and no 588 THE ORE AT REBELLION. considerable battle has been fought in which they have not participated. During the early days of the rebellion, they were at tinifcs cast down by tem porary defeat, but in every instance only to rally with renewed vigor. * * * It will not be easy for us to pay our debt of gratitude to these brave men. * * * I desire to call your attention to the case of soldiers permanently disabled in the service of their country. The scanty provisions of the general government will in many cases prove entirely inadequate for their support or that of their families, and the assistance of the towns and cities in which they reside will necessarily be invoked. I recommend that in all cases where soldiers or their families are assisted in this manner, that the laws be so amended, that none of the disabilities that attach to paupers shall apply to them. I wish also earnestly to recommend that all persons in places of influence, all who have honorable employment to offer, should discriminate, if possible, in favor of the returned soldier. Encourage those who are disabled in any industry of which they may be capable. Let the soldier see, that while we revere the name and fame of the dead, we do not forget the best and highest welfare of the living. So shall we and those who come after us be worthy of the blessings which have been bestowed by the Power that guided our counsels, and led our armies in this great war. In regard to the battle flags, he suggested, "That these proud but sad memorials of our recent terrible conflict be conspicuously displayed in the halls of your deliberations, that by the.n we may be constantly reminded, not only of the fortitude and devotion of those who bore them upon the march, and in the hour of battle, but also of our own obligation to sacredly preserve the fruits of these sacrifices." On national affairs the message was brief, but not uncertain, and took grounds which Congress has at last come to occupy. " Our armies have not only carried with them a restored authority, but they have opened the way for a higher and nobler civilization, without which there can be no free government, and with which rebellion is impossible. For myself, I shall feel that the great purpose of this war is not attained, the great lesson of this punishment not learned, until free schools, free churches and a free ballot, are established wherever the federal authority extends. This we owe to the good order and permanent security of all the States. This alone will be a commensurate reward for the unparalleled heroism of the brave soldiers who have borne us through the contest. On such a consumma tion only can we expect the continued favor of heaven and the blessing of the God of our fathers. Let the awful scenes through which we have passed teach us our duty. The blood of the sons of New Hampshire mingled with that of others from every loyal State calls to us from a hundred battle fields, to stand true to the great cause, through all the victory and amidst the signs of accomplished peace. FREDERICK SMYTH. 589 ** The spirit of the last great martyr for universal emancipation, lifted above the cares and weaknesses of this life, bids us be true to the cause. In our sorrow even we take courage, and make the brutal assassination of our noble President that most wicked fruit of a barbarous system, confirm us in the resolution to make universal freedom a synonym for universal suffrage, under such safeguards as wise legislation may provide. ** All must agree that the States which have been in rebellion should not hereafter be controlled by rebels and traitors ; and as we do not propose to admit again into this Union the cause of all this evil, so let us extend to the loyal citizen, of whatever color, those rights justly earned by patience, devo tion and unwavering faithfulness to the common cause. ;t The weakness and ignorance of the race whose broken shackles paved our way to victory are potent reasons why its condition should no longer be left uncertain or insecure. The question of suffrage is one of those defenses behind which the spirit of slavery will yet intrench itself, and by which it will seek to regain some fragment of its power. If we would have an enduring and prosperous peace, we shall level every obstruction, concede nothing to the prejudices of slavery and give the freedman the right to assert that manhood peacefully at the ballot box which he has so nobly proved on the battle field. Let no fear of apparent difficulties in the way deter us ; there is no danger so great to a nation as the existence of a flagrant injustice in its midst, sanctioned and fostered by its authority. Let us therefore be just and hope for continued favor from the source of all prosperity." Contemporary criticism on the message was very favorable. " His views," said the Independent Democrat, " upon national topics, are expressed with a clearness, precision and positiveness which even partisan opposition can but approve." "It is not often," remarked the Keene Sentinel, " that we have a better message from a New Hampshire Governor, whether we regard it in its senti ments, or in the manner of expressing them." " One of our best papers of the kind," observed the careful Statesman, " that has appeared in New Hampshire. The public concerns of the State are set forth with clearness, the brief portion appropriated to national concerns is fully imbued with the spirit of patriotism." That these commendations were not mere empty words, will appear from the fact that every one of its practical suggestions was adopted and acted upon by the Legislature. In less than three months he raised for State purposes $1,200,000, one-third of which was obtained in Manchester. The loans were effected in such manner that they improved, rather than depre ciated, the credit of the State. 590 THE GREAT REBELLION. "When Lee s army had surrendered, the New Hamp shire men who went to and fought through the four years war, were anxious to return to their homes, and by Governor Smyth s influence with the War Depart ment, most of the regiments from this State were among the first ones mustered out of the service. All through June and July the returning regiments from the war thronged the streets of the State capital, and were re ceived with cordial greeting from Governor Smyth. He saw that they were promptly paid, listened to their grievances, praised their heroic deeds, and was never weary of work in their behalf. The Second was the first three years regiment which went to the war from New Hampshire, and the last to return. At its reception at Concord, in December, 1865, Governor Smyth, being introduced by Adjutant General Natt Head, said he was proud to welcome to the State the Second Regiment. There were those who could not be welcomed home, having yielded up theii lives on the bloody fields of war. He was reminded of the scenes of Gettysburg, where it was his fortune to assist in caring for the wounded, and performing the last sad duties to the dead. He remembered passing a building which he was told contained none but rebels, and on hearing his name called, he entered there to find members of this regiment, whom he removed to the spot where the wounded of the regiment were lying, and he was happy to see one of those men before him to-day. There was one person he did not see, who ought to be present on this occasion, and that was Miss Harriet P. Dame. She had labored and slept on the battle-field, caring for the wounded and sick, the dying and the dead. They all knew her deeds of kindness. She was a noble woman, to be held in kind remembrance by the people of this State. Of the dozen or more regiments of all arms dismissed FREDERICK SMYTH. 591 with words of deserved praise, from the Eleventh, under Colonel Harriman, which returned from the surrender of Lee in season to participate in the inauguration cere monies of June 8th, to the Second, from the northern neck of Virginia, where Colonel Patterson ruled the conquered land, probably no soldier of them all could resist the feeling that the Governor was his true friend. Sometime in July an order had been issued discon tinuing the Webster Hospital, in Manchester. As several sick and wounded soldiers were likely to be greatly injured by this proceeding, the Governor ad dressed a feeling protest to Surgeon General Barnes, arguing the case on grounds of economy as well as hu manity, and closing as follows : " In behalf of our sick and suffering heroes who look to me as the executive of the State to watch over and care for them in their misfortunes, to alleviate their sufferings, as far as in human power, and to secure them all the comforts and consolations of which their unhappy circumstances admit, I most earnestly protest against the contemplated change, so long as hospital facilities are re quired in this State. I beg leave to renew my previous application for the transfer of New Hampshire soldiers in other States to our own." On the 20th of July, the Governor being present at the annual dinner of the Dartmouth Alumni Associa tion, in Hanover, made a pertinent speech, which was received with flattering applause. The Faculty at that time, in recognition of his warm interest in the college, conferred upon him the degree of Master of Arts. On the 5th of September the second annual fair of the J$ew England Agricultural Society took place at Concord, and according to arrangement, it fell to the lot of Governor Smyth to deliver the address. It was very practical, urging farmers to use their best methods, and speaking plainly of their needs. There was evident here, as in all the Governor s addresses, a certain devo tion to the State, carefully subordinated to the broader interests of the nation. On this occasion the 592 THE GREAT REBELLION. England Governors honored Governor Smyth by their presence. The New England Society s published report said, that " The address was listened to with the most profound interest by an audience of more than ten thousand persons, and at its close nine enthusiastic cheers were given in honor of the Governor. Upon the platform were seated Gover nor Andrew, of Massachusetts, Governor Coney, of Maine, and Governor Buckingham, of Connecticut, together with a large number of distinguished persons gathered from all parts of New England. Governor Andrew said in the course of some remarks, that " the address of Governor Smyth had filled him with admiration for the zeal and earnestness with which he has entered into the discussion of such important principles." And called for three cheers for the address, and three more for Governor Smyth, and they were given with a will. The same season while attending the County Fair at Milford, he faithfully admonished the farmers that much remained to be done. He said : " There is scarcely a limit to the progress which lies in our reach, if our active and enterprising young men will remain with us and give their energies to this pursuit. It is one of the highest duties of parents to cultivate in the hearts of their sons attachment for home. The flowers should blossom by the walks and shed their fragrance in the beaten play-ground ; the vine should climb the lattice by the door, and the ample trellis with its delicious fruitage; the pear and the plum tree should have their place, surrounded by the kindred delicacies which are seldom found even in the gardens of the rich. All these with little care and little expense can be made to beautify every habitation in the State, and not only to beautify but add substantially to their value, and the enjoyment of the occupants. In conclusion let me urge upon you all to unite in earnest efforts to advance the prosperity of our State, and to secure for her that eminence in her varied industrial pursuits which she is capable of attaining." Of his agricultural addresses the New Hampshire Statesman said : " The thanks of his fellow citizens, irrespective of party, are due to Governor Smyth for his encouraging words regarding the future of New Hampshire. He set forth in his addresses at agricultural fairs this autumn, the advantages of our State as one in which permanently to dwell, and in which there is work FREDERICK SMYTH. 593 enough for all to do. He apparently realizes the fact that there are compensa ting advantages even here ; that those who go from New England to more fertile soils, do not find in their new abodes many of the social, religious and even pecuniary advantages enjoyed here." During the first year of his administration especially, the Governor looked very sharply after the State finances. In a dispatch to the Boston Journal, under date of December 14, 1865, Perley, the regular Washing ton correspondent of that paper, says : " Governor Smyth, on his first visit to the Treasury Department, found that instead of an indebtedness on the part of the General Government to New Hampshire of nearly half a million of dollars, as had been reported, the State stood on the books as in debt to the General Government nearly one hundred thousand dollars. The accounts were much confused, and Governor Smyth, applying himself with his usual practical business ability to their disentangle ment, yesterday, as the first fruits of his exposition of blunders, received a check for forty-seven thousand one hundred and thirty-four dollars. While on this mission at Washington, the resident New Hampshire friends of the Governor gave him a serenade and handsome collation and reception, in com pliment to his position as Chief Executive of the State, and for his extraordinary services during and after the war. Soon after he was present by invitation at the sixtieth anniversary of the New England Society of New York, and in the course of his remarks at the supper, at Delmonico s, said : " New Hampshire, sir, is small in extent, but her rocky ribs throb with that vital current which has given life and strength to so many communit : es on this continent. The sources of the rivers are in the mountains, and there will be found the sources of virtue also. The people, accustomed to a contest with the hard soil, cheered with the health of the pure air, will not soon become enervated. It is not for me to call the roll of her illustrious names or of her victorious soldiers, living or dead. She claims to have done no more than her duty in the great contest for the supremacy of New England ideas, and history may be safely trusted to tell how well. This is an occasion which calls for no exaltation of one state above another. We have learned on the battle field to bury all invidious distinctions, and it is to be hoped that no resurrection of rebellion awaits them. Yet in that generous rivalry which exults in indi- 594 THE GREAT REBELLION. viclual success only that it may add to the glory of a common country, we shall not be found wanting. As each separate state of the six whose great day we here commemorate has contributed freely of all that she holds most dear, to enhance the peculiar fame of New Knglaud, so, sir, I trust will New England ever prove true o the highest good of the Union. It was the true nobility of labor th.it threw down the g.ige in the rebellion, and I rejoice to see it elevated where it belongs f right, even though it had to be raised on a million bayonet points. Labor of the brain and of the hand has made us all we are. United for a praiseworthy common purpose, they are invincible. Let us go from this occasion prepared to, assert and defend that Union every where and on all occasions, as indispensable to the true glory and prosperity of the union of States which we all hold dear." What has been here said will give a fair idea of the general character of Governor Smyth s administration and of the influence he had upon the public councils. Active, energetic and hopeful himself, he inspired in others something of the same zeal. While the general government was trying to evoke order out of chaos, con fidence out of doubt, and credit from distrust, the Chief Executive officer of New Hampshire labored in every honorable manner to make the State strong enough to bear her share of the responsibility. A single instance will illustrate his method of doing things, and at the same time show how impartial observers regarded it. During the administration of his predecessor it became necessary to put Portsmouth harbor in a state of defense, which was done; but by some means the order of Gen eral Wool, required as a voucher to reimburse the State for expenditures, was lost. The State of Rhode Island having a similar case, which did not succeed so well, and there being some feeling upon the subject, the Providence Journal, in speaking of the New Hampshire claim, said: " Governor Smyth had two courses before him. He might have attacked the man who had rushed with alacrity and ardor to put the Navy Yard in a state of defense. He might have made a message about the mutter to the Legisla ture. He might have ordered some of his tools in the Legislature to recom mend a vote of censure on the man. He might have filled New Hampshire FREDERICK SMYTH. 595 with his outcries and distributed political pamphlets at the expense of the State and done nothing to secure the payment of the claim. Or he could institute a diligent search fur the vouchers, which were needed to substantiate the claim, which he knew to be a good one ; explain the circumstances in which the ser vice wa< rendered and press upon the officers at Washington every considera tion which would be likely to further his cause. He was wise enough to choose the latter course, or rather the former was so contemptible and crazy that it never occurred for an instant to a sensible, high-minded man like him. The result we know. He obtained from General Wool a copy of the order he issued for protecting the yard, and armed with this obtained at once the pay ment of his claim. A little common sense is not a bad thing, even for a gov ernor to have. While thus industrious in behalf of the loyal cause, and tireless in the advocacy of his own political princi ples, the Governor manifests none of that narrow-mind edness which has been prolific of so much strife and dis sension. An extract from a brief speech made at Ports mouth, on the Fourth of July, 1866, which was styled by the Portsmouth Journal a "model oration/ 7 and de clared to have the pith and " force of a hundred more wordy discourses," is in point : "It has always been my belief, Mr. President, that the common prosperity of the whole country could be attained in its truest manner, by the greatest prosperity of individuals, communities, towns and states. Whatever is for the interest of one rightly considered, should be for the advancement of all. It is for this reason that whenever it has been possible, I have urged upon the people of New Hampshire the steady development of their resources. However jealous we may be for the national honor, and however quickly our soldiers sprang to arms to resist unjust encroachments, we rejoice at the national pros perity and welfare of every southern state. To learn this general view and make the subject personal to every citizen, each man labors most truly for the common good when he improves to the utmost the stewardship under his care. Such labors should excite no inconsiderate rivalry, no local jealousy. Nothing would rejoice me, as a citizen of Manchester, more than to see this beautiful seaport of New Hampshire animated in her honorable age with some of the energy and the enterprise of her youth. I am glad to know that in many respects this is now the case. And so I should rejoice to know that Dover and Concord and Keene and Claremont that every city and town of the good old Granite State, the noble mother of statesmen and the home of soldiers who never surrender were making steady and rapid progress in material prosper ity, and educated and Christian freedom. But while this is my prayer for the towns of my native State, I have no sympathy with that narrow vision which 596 THE GREAT REBELLION. is confined to the circle of the horizon which immediately surrounds us. The true American hails everywhere in all this broad land the token of progress : and that is the best government which, when the eternal principles of justice are settled, maintains the balance of contending interests with even hand." Governor Smyth was unanimously re-nominated at the convention of January 3d, 1866, and triumphantly re-elected. The most important matter requiring attention during the second year of his administration, was the funding of the State deht, which was left in the hands of the Governor and Council. It was a task of no small diffi culty, when it is considered that against an untaxed national bond, bearing interest at six per cent., payable in gold, we could only offer State security at the same rate, payable in currency. The message to the Legislature of June, 1866, gave a plain financial statement, which forced even a watchful democratic paper to admit that " he had made some progress in elucidating the muddle which has so long distinguished the finances of our State." At any rate, capitalists seemed inclined to be satisfied with it, for the debt was successfully funded and the credit of the State established on a firm basis. The Governor discussed somewhat at length the estab lishment of an Agricultural College, and urged with much earnestness that State provision should be made for disabled soldiers. He said : " That such men faithful through wounds and sickness to the very door of death should be now allowed to drag out the days that remain to them in beg gary or pauperism, or that they should be made to feel that their sacrifices are counted of no worth, is a flagrant injustice and a disgrace which I am sure New Hampshire can never permit." Fortunately at this time the action of the general government obviated the need of any State movement. Governor Smyth s appointment by Congress as one of the Board of Managers for the National Asylum for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers, for the long term of six FREDERICK SMYTH. 597 years, was a well merited compliment, and " the right man was in the right place." He has spared neither time nor effort in the discharge of his important duty. In the early part of October, the Governor by invita tion, accompanied the Ameskeag Veterans on a trip to JSTewburyport, where they were received by the Ancient and Honorable Artillery of that place. A pleasing inci dent which occurred on the way was noticed by the New- buryport Herald, as follows : * At Amesbury the companies were received by a committee of citizens and marched through the principal streets. At the residence of the poet Whittier they were brought to a halt, the military doing honor to the man, notwith standing his Quaker ideas of war. Mr. Whittier appeared on the side walk when he was greeted by the music and then by the loud cheers of the soldiers and people. It was refreshing to see honor done to a man because in all his life he has been manly, and not because of position, wealth, or any of the accidents that surround men. Noble men were they, the poet and the Gov ernor of New Hampshire, standing side by side, both sprung from the lowly and working class of society ; both rising in different spheres by mental gifts and practical virtues; both honored much for their patriotism, love of country and love of humanity". There was a very general desire expressed through the press, and by letters from all sections of the State, that Governor Smyth should consent to a nomination for the third term. ISTot wishing to violate a time-hon ored custom in New Hampshire, or leave the people in any doubt as to his position, some weeks before the convention for the nomination of a candidate was held, he wrote a letter positively declining a re-nomination, and it was published in most of the newspapers of the State. His last State paper was a brief valedictory on surrendering his official authority into the hands of his successor, in June, 1867. The Boston Journal of that date said : Governor Smyth s Administration has been highly successful, not only in a financial point of view, which is demonstrated by statistics, but in all other respects. He has been indefatigable in pressing the claims of his State, taking 598 THE GREAT REBELLION. refusal after refusal only as spurs to his final triumph. Few states indeed pass from the war period to that of peace in a better Condition than New Hampshire, under Governor Smyth s administration." During the two years of his administration Governor Smyth brought to the discharge of the duties of his office great energy, industry and financial skill. During the last year the state debt had been reduced $ 254,313.18. When he retired from office all the claims of the State against the general Government had been satisfactorily adjusted; the State debt had been funded on advantage ous terms, the credit of the State stood at least equal to that of any other, and in his valedictory address which like all his state papers, was a model for its directness and practical common sense suggestions he congratulated his successor that he would be relieved from any labor or anxiety relating to financial matters, In this same address he said : " The total expenditures of New Hampshire for war purposes amount to six millions eight hundred and fifty-two thousand six hundred and seventy-eight dollars. Of this amount there has been paid for bounties, two millions three hundred eighty-nine thousand twenty-five dollars; for the reimbursement to towns of aid furnished families of soldiers, one million eight hundred thirty- five thousand nine hundred eighty-five dollars. There has been reimbursed to the State, by the General Government, for war expenses, eight hundred ninety, seven thousand one hundred twenty-two dollars, much of which has been obtained after repeated rejections. But little more may be expected from this source without action of Congress." Among the many evidences of the popular favor with which the administration of Governor Smyth w r as re garded by the people of all parties, we may name the following as deserving especial notice. Notwithstanding his many and frequent journeys to Washington and other places, on business for the State collecting its dues and adjusting its indebtedness, he always paid all his expenses from his private funds, never drawing from the State Treasury, directly or indirectly one dollar therefor. Although a contingent fund was placed at his FREDERICK SMYTH. 599 disposal by the Legislature of each year of his adminis tration, for such purposes, he never touched one cent of it. The Legislature which succeeded the close of his administration, as a recognition of their appreciation of his strict integrity in this regard, unanimously appropri ated fifteen hundred dollars to pay him for these expen ses, for which he had made no charge. The Resolution was introduced by a political opponent and its passage urged by complimentary speeches in favor of the Gover nor, from nearly every prominent political opponent in the Legislature, as is shown by the journals. On the 16th of October, 1867, the Ex-Governor, by invitation, delivered an address at Washington, N. II., on occasion of the dedication of a soldiers monument. It was widely published and highly spoken of by the press. The following is an extract from it : "To us as American citizens, these graves of the loyal dead are perpetual incentives to duty. Every green mound on which the falling leaves of au tumn softly drop their gold and scarlet wreathes, every monument of stone or bronze or marble that points from earth to Heaven admonishes us of our sacred charge. As much as any one I believe in peace and peaceful measures; as much as any one I desire the lasting and perpetual union of these States. But in such a presence as this and with all the sacrifice of the long years of blood and carnage so resolutely borne by the people, I, for one, can never consent to any renewal of fraternal union that is not founded on the absolute equality in right of every citizen, irrespective of mere accident of birth. Such I believe to be the trust reposed in us, and especially can no man not personally engaged in the struggle persuade himself that he ought to do less than to retain and improve what they have given us by their lives. Let us cherish neither malice nor revenge, but that love which sacrifices principle is never trustwor thy, and a union bound by false compromises must fall with every disturbance of conflicting interests or degenerate into a despotism." Since retiring from the position of Governor, which he filled to almost universal acceptance doing many acts, the influence of which will be felt by the people of the State for many years to come besides his respon sible duties as manager of two large monied institutions in Manchester, he has been one of the most active and 600 THE GREA T REBELLION. important members of the Board of Managers of the National Asylums for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers of which there are three in the country devoting to the discharge of these duties a considerable share of his entire time and all without any compensation whatever, except the consciousness of rendering a service to those noble, unfortunate men who risked their lives and sacrificed their health and limbs in the glorious cause of their country in the war of the rebellion. GENERAL ANTHONY COLBY. General Anthony Colby was born at New London, Merrimack County, New Hampshire, on the 13th of No vember, 1792, and has always resided there. He was bred a merchant as well as a farmer. He has been much in public life, and held all the military commissions from Ensign to Major General in the New Hampshire Militia. He was commissioned Ensign of the Second Company of Light Infantry in the Thirtieth Regiment, Septem ber 13, 1814, by Governor John Taylor Gilman. He was subsequently Captain of the same company, and Major, Lieut. Colonel and Colonel of the Thirtieth Regiment. He was commissioned Brigadier General in July, 1835, and promoted to Major General in July, 1837. He was for several years the candidate of the "Whig party for Governor, previous to 1846, when he was elected, and held the office one year. In July, 1861, on the resignation of Joseph C. Abbott, he was appoint ed by Governor Berry, Adjutant and Inspector General of the New Hampshire Militia, and resigned in August, 1862. During this time most of the New Hampshire regiments were raised and put into the field. General Colby filled every office to which he has been called with fidelity. He is a genial, public spirited and liberal gentleman, highly respected throughout the State. NATT HEAD. 601 GENERAL DANIEL E. COLBY. General Daniel E. Colby is a son of General Anthony Colby. He was born at New London in 1816, and has always had his home there. He graduated at Dartmouth College, in the class of 1836, and soon after went into trade in his native town. In 1837 he was appointed aid-de-camp on the staff of his father, Major General Colby. He represented his town in the popular branch of the New Hampshire Legislature, in 1857. He waa appointed Adjutant General on the resignation of hia father, August 21, 1863, and resigned March 25, 1864. GENERAL NATT HEAD. Adjutant General Natt Head was born in Hooksett, May 20, 1828. His father, Colonel John Head, who died in 1836, was a farmer, a heavy lumber dealer and an esteemed and valued citizen. The son continued the business of the father, and in connection with a brother, is still extensively engaged in farming, lumbering and the manufacture of bricks. He was early successful in business and soon gained a reputation for enterprise, integrity and honorable dealing. He took several rail road contracts, building the line from Suncook to Hook- sett, and also that from Suncook to Pittsfield. Immedi ately after the burning of the Military Asylum at Augusta, Maine, the managers of the institution, by reason of the sickness of the Deputy Governor, request ed General Head to proceed at once to Augusta to arrange for the comfort and protection of the disabled soldiers who had been so suddenly deprived of a home. The mission was faithfully accomplished. Subsequently General Head contracted with the managers and rebuilt the Asylum. In the financial world he has attained a high rank. He is a Director of the First National Bank 602 THE ORE AT REBELLION. and a Trustee of the Merrimack River Savings Bank, of Manchester, President of the China Savings Bank, of Suncook, and a Director of the Suncook Valley Rail road. In civil affairs he exhibits marked executive talent. He has filled various town offices, and in 1861 and 1862 represented Hooksett in the Legislature. He was early and prominently identified with Freemasonry and is a member of Washington Lodge, Mount Horeb Royal Arch Chapter, Adoniram Council and Trinity Commandery of Knights Templar, of Manchester. He is also a member of the Supreme Council, having received all the degrees of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite, including the Thirty-Third, and all the degrees in the Rite of Memphis to the Ninety-Fourth. He is connected with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and was one of the original members of the Howard Lodge, of Suncook. As a practical farmer, General Head has always taken a deep interest in agriculture. He has been a long time Director of the State Agricultural Society, is now its President and a life member. In 1869 he was appointed by the Governor and Council a Trustee of the New Hampshire College of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts. From his father, who was many years an officer in the State Militia, and from his paternal grandfather, Captain Nathaniel Head, who served meritoriously as an officer through the Revolutionary^ War, General Head inherited military taste and spirit. For many years he was a prominent military musician and was Fife Major of the "Old Eleventh Regiment" of State Militia in 1847. In later times he was Chief Bugler of the famous Battalion of Governor s Horse Guards. He has been connected with various military organizations and is now a member of the National Lancers, of Boston, and of the Battalion of Amoskeag Veterans, of Manchester, of which corps he is commander. N ATT HEAD. 603 In 1863 he was made Chief of the Governor s Staff, and in 1864 was appointed by Governor Gilmore Adju tant, Inspector and Quartermaster General of the State of New Hampshire. He was called to this position at a time when the nation was in one of the most impor tant crises of the great civil war, and when the loyal people of New Hampshire were straining every nerve to raise the men called for under the President s procla mation of the preceding month. On assuming the duties of the office he found the department very incomplete, but little matter having been collected relating to the outfit of the troops and their achievements in the field although New Hampshire had up to that time sent to the war twenty-six thousand soldiers. In fact not a complete set of muster-in rolls of any regiment could be found in the office. In the face of these obstacles and discouragements and with no appropriation to draw from, General Head at once entered upon the duties of his position, employing upon his own responsibility, three clerks, and procuring the necessary outfit of the office, trusting in the Legislature to reimburse him, which it not only promptly and cheerfully did, but made all additional appropriations for the department that were asked for. During the remainder of the war no State in the Union had a more faithful, efficient and popular Adjutant General than New Hampshire. The clerical duties of the office were performed in an admi rable manner and the method by which the records of our soldiers were persistently hunted up and placed on file and the order and system exhibited in carrying on and preserving the extensive and valuable corres pondence of the department, were worthy of the highest praise. Many letters are now preserved in the office from the highest military and civil officers of New Hampshire, from the Adjutant Generals of various States and from the War and other departments at Washing- 604 THE GREAT REBELLION. ton, all testifying to the excellence of the gystem inaugu rated and to the highly efficient manner in which the affairs of the office were conducted. The Eeports of the department during the administration of General Head, not only give the name and history of every officer and soldier who entered the service from New Hampshire but they contain biographical sketches of all the field officers from the State who were killed in battle or who died from disease during the war, together with a briei history of all the regiments, giving their principal move ments from their departure to their return home. These reports further include the Military History of New Hampshire from 1623 to 1861, the records of which period were collected with great perseverance and under many discouragements, from various sources in this and other States, and from the rolls in the War Department, at Washington, thus making the Reports as a whole a work of the greatest value to the people of the present day, and at the same time constituting an invaluable contribution to the military history of the Nation while its worth to posterity cannot be estimated. Governor Smith, in his valedictory address to the Legislature in June, 1867, said : " In the difficult adjustment of our military affairs you will agree with me in warm approval of the energy and efficiency of the Adjutant General, whose work has in all cases been well performed. When it has been my grateful duty to extend a welcoming hand, in behalf of the people of the State, to our brave returning soldiers, he has forwarded my purpose with unflagging interest and zeal. You will not forget that around his department all the memories of the contest now cluster. The long roll of honor is there. There are gathered the blood-stained battle flags, and there will always be found those associations which should inspire us with love of country, and an appreciation of the services of those who gave their lives and shed their blood for the blessings which God bestowed when he gave us the victory." Many soldiers who fought through the war had a most natural desire to have some certificate or testimonial, from the state or nation, of their honorable service. N ATT HEAD. 605 General Head conceived the idea of having engraved on steel, of a suitable size to frame, a handsome memorial . certificate, with beautiful and appropriate devices, to be presented to every surviving officer and soldier from the State who did honorable service in the war of the rebel lion, and to the widow or nearest relative of those who sacrificed their lives in the great struggle for the life of the nation to be elegantly filled up with the name, rank, regiment arid company in which they served, and the nature and length of service. He was heartily seconded by Governor Smyth, the work of engraving and printing was soon most admirably done, and notice given to all interested that the certificates were ready for delivery to such as were entitled to receive them. Thus an act of justice was done to our noble, brave men ; and most gratefully do the -living soldiers, and the the surviving relatives of the lamented dead, appreciate and treasure them. A single letter, acknowledging the receipt of one of these certificates, will convey an idea of the sentiment of thousands of similar ones sent to General Head : " Burrageville, Mass., July 22, 1867. GENERAL NATT HEAD : Dear Sir : I gratefully acknowledge the receipt of the Soldier s Certificate sent by your order. You cannot imagine how sacredly it will be cherished as a token from the State of New Hampshire of respect to my dear soldier boy, who sleeps with the thousands in the Arlington Cemetery, Georgetown, that * sleep that knows no waking." May the Lord reward the excellent Governor Smyth for his kindness to the soldier. I thank you, sir, and through you the State, which has furnished the beautiful memorial. The soldier, or officer, whose life is spared to receive this gift, will read it with pleasure, and look over the pictures, so significant, with interest. But how many will receive it and gaze upon it with eyes dimmed by tears, as it will remind them of dear ones that are left behind. To such the certificate will have a tender interest, and be preserved among the treasures, more precious than gold. The Sixth Regi ment of New Hampshire Volunteers, to which my son belonged, lost many of its " boys," and to many a sorrowful household your gift will be received and appreciated with thankfulness and tender interest. Gratefully and tenderly yours, ABBIE G. JAQUITH." 606 THE GREAT REBELLION. What makes these testimonials doubly valuable is the fact that none can obtain them until they show their claim by an honorable and undoubted record during the war. Other New England States soon imitated the example set by New Hampshire, and the good State of Massachusetts is now having one engraved, and all copied more or less from General Head s design. All the New England States were fortunate in having able, efficient, capable and patriotic Adjutant Generals during the War, all of whom compiled and published reports highly credible to their several departments; but it is not going too far to say that none exceeded, if they equaled, the Adjutant General of New Hampshire in all these desirable qualities, or who did their States better service, and greater honor. None, certainly, could be more devoted to the men on the way to the field, while there, or on their return home after the cruel war was over. Many a soldier will remember with gratitude his fatherly care of them on their return to the State, and his assistance with good counsel and needed means in saving them from the hands of sharpers, always in waiting to take advantage of the necessities of soldiers to get possession of their valuable papers, for a merely nominal sum. He assisted all who needed assistance, from his own private means, and strange to say, and to the glory of the New Hampshire soldiers should it be recorded, he never lost a dollar by this generosity and confidence. As a citizen, General Head occupies a high and popu lar position by reason of his genial and courteous manners and his large public spirit, while his constant and un wearied devotion to the " Boys in Blue " secured for him their highest respect and esteem and won for him the enduring title of " The Soldiers Friend." JOHN G. FOSTER. 607 GENERAL JOHN G. FOSTER. General John G. Foster was born at Whitefield, Coos County, New Hampshire, on the 27th of May, 1828. When ten years old he removed to Nashua, where he attended the public schools. He also attended the Bap tist High School at Hancock, New Hampshire, and sub sequently fitted for entering into West Point Military Academy, at Crosby s High School, Nashua. At the request of Hon. Charles G. Atherton, then a represen tative in Congress from New Hampshire, and Franklin Pierce, then United States Senator, in 1842, he was ap pointed cadet at West Point, and entered in June of that year. He graduated at that institution, ranking number four in the class, in 1846, with Generals McClellan, Reno, Couch, Seymour, Sturgis, Stoneman, Oakes and Gordon, of the Union army, and Jackson and Wilcox, of the rebel army. He was in the Mexican war, and in 1847 was brevetted first lieutenant, "for gallant and meritorious conduct in the battles of Contreras and Cherubusco." At the storming of El Molino del Rey he fell severely wounded. For his gallantry here he was brevetted captain. In 1854 he was appointed Assistant Professor of Engineering at West Point. He was second in command at Fort Sumter when it was first fired upon by the rebels, from Charleston, in April, 1861, and for the heroism he displayed on this occasion he was promoted to Brigadier General of Volunteers. General Foster accompanied General Burnside s ex pedition into North Carolina, bore a conspicuous part in the battle at Eoanoke Island, the capture of New- bern, and received the unconditional surrender of all the batteries, all the defenses, and all the troops over two thousand upon the island, in February, 1862. In July he was left in command of the department 608 THE GREAT REBELLION. of North Carolina, with a force barely sufficient to hold the positions left him by General Burnside, who had been ordered with the main part of his force, to Fortress Monroe. Late in the autumn he was considerably re- enforced by new regiments from Massachusetts, when he resolved to assume the offensive. He led an expe dition from Washington through Williamston to Ham ilton, on the Roanoke, where he expected to find and destroy some iron-clads in process of construction ; but there were none. The result of the expedition was the liberation of several hundred slaves. In April, 1863, the rebel General Hill made an attack on "Washington, E". 0., and was handsomely defeated by General Foster. In October he succeeded General Burnside in East Ten nessee. All through the war General Foster occupied responsible positions, and was regarded as one of the most accomplished, brave and prudent officers in the army. RETURN CIRCULATION DEPARTMENT TO + 202 Main Library LOAN PERIOD 1 HOME USE 2 3 4 5 6 ALL BOOKS MAY BE RECALLED AFTER 7 DAYS 1 -month loans may be renewed by calling 642-3405 Desk. DUE AS STAMPED BELOW SEP 2 8 1985 /o/^r/rc- raxon ocTie 11 85 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY FORM NO. DD6, 60m, 1/83 BERKELEY, CA 94720 ffi GENERAL LIBRARY U.C. BERKELEY BQDDfi3S73fl NMHfil^BBHHEHr^eJBI M188320 THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY