*J -<s - 5--: ^-r>C- MEMORABILIA OF THE Marches and Battles IN WHICH THE One Hundredth Regiment OF Indiana Infantry Volunteers TOOK AN ACTIVE PART. WAR OF THE REBELLION, 1861-?. ...BY... CAPTAIN E. J. SHERLOCK. TO THE READER. I have in my possession at this date four books which I car ried during the entire term of my service in the War of 1861-5. In these books I made daily, in my own handwriting, in chronological order, memorabilia of such occurrences as came under my personal observation, and such as came to my knowledge from diiect and authentic sources The facts so recorded by me constitute the basis of this book. In many respects I have embellished my own account of particular events with extracts from the Records of the Union and Confederate armies, published by the Government, and have cited the volume and page in support of the truthfulness thereof. The book has been prepared in great haste and many difficulties had to be over come. There may be some errors in it, but none are admitted unless shown to be such, by the Government records. No claim whatever is made for literary excellence. Doubtless the memory of many members of the Command will not coincide with some of the facts herein stated. If such should be the case, I only ask the reader to reserve his decision until he has examined the official records. I have endeavored herein not to exalt one man above an other, but to write the truth concerning each man s military record, as far as he has put me in possession of the facts relating thereto, and as far as I could learn the same from the Regimental Records. I feel grateful to my Comrades for the many expressions of kindness which I have received from them. E. J. SHERLOCK. Kansas City, Missouri, September, 1896. M18832S PRESS OF GERARD -WOODY PRINTING Co , KANSAS CITY Mo. Outbreak of the Rebellion. For many years prior to the outbreak of the Rebellion the people of the North and South had been divided upon the question of human slav ery. The latter favored its continuance in the slave states and its extension to the territories. To this the sentiment of the people of the North was not only opposed, but was in favor of the abolition of slavery within the slave states. Some of the leaders of the South for years had con templated the withdrawal or secession of the slave states from the Union and the establish ment of a separate government, whose corner stone was to be human slavery. The agitation of these questions produced a state of sectional feeling and animosity between the people of the North and South, which event ually culminated in secession and the Civil War of 1861-5. Including December 3, 1859, more than a year before hostilities actually began, there had been transferred, by order of President Buchanan s Secretary of War, one hundred and twenty-rive thousand stand of arms from the armories and arsenals in the North to those of the South. The object was to disarm the former and arm the latter. This was so quietly done that but few persons knew of it at the time. The secretary had also sold about fifty thousand stand of arms to the Southern States and sundry individuals in the South, at $2. 50 each, without" the consent of the Congress. Governor Gist of South Carolina, on Octo ber 5, 1860, addressed a confidential letter to the governors of the Southern States, in which he re quested them severally to communicate to him their opinions in regard to the secession of their re spective states from the Union, in case Abraham Lincoln was elected to the Presidency. In this letter, speaking for South Carolina, he said: tk lf a single state secedes, South Carolina will follow. 1 North Carolina answered, that the people of that state did not consider the election of Mr. Lincoln a sufficient justification for seces sion. Alabama answered, that it would not go out of the Union alone, but would, with two or more other states. Mississippi answered, that if any state moved for secession, it would follow her. The Governor of Louisiana answered, that he would not advise the secession of his state. The Governor of Georgia said, that the people of that state would await some overt act of the Lincoln government. The Governor of Florida answered, that his state was "ready to wheel into line, with the gallant Palmetto State, or any other cotton state or states. 11 On the 5th of November, 1860, the Governor of South Carolina sent a message to the Legisla ture of that State (then in session) recommending the purchase of arms and war material and the calling of a State convention; which, being called, convened at Columbia, December 17, 1860, from whence it adjourned to Charleston, and on the 2oth of December, 1860, it passed an ordinance of secession in the following words: "We, the people of the State of South Carolina in convention assembled, do declare and ordain, and it is hereby declared and ordained, that the ordinance adopted by us in convention, on the 2^d day of May, in the year of our Lord, 1788, whereby the Constitution of the United States of America was ratified, and also all acts and parts of acts of the General Assembly of this State, ratifying amendments of the said constitu tion, are hereby repealed, and that the Union now subsisting between South Carolina and the other States under the name of the United States of America is hereby dissolved. 71 (Ser. i, p 110.) On the same clav the Secretary of War or dered one hundred and ten (110) Columbiads and eleven (n) thirty-two pounders to be shipped from the arsenal at Pittsburg to different points in the South, but this shipment was pre vented by citizens of Pennsylvania. There were many forts and navy yards along the South Atlantic and Gulf coasts and on the rivers, and large arsenals were located in many of the cities of the South, which were all supplied with arms and munitions of war, by stripping those of the North, and the militia in the Southern States were organized into regiments and battalions, drilled, armed and equipped and were ready for the field in 1860, before any State had seceded. On December 22d, the South Carolina con vention made an order: ; That three commis sioners, to be elected by a ballot of the convention, be directed to proceed forthwith to Washington, authorized and empowered to treat with the gov ernment of the United States for the delivery of the forts, magazines, light houses and other real estate, with their appurtenances, within the lim its of South Carolina, and also for an apportion ment of the public debt, and for a division of all other property held by the government of the United States, as agent of the Confederate States, of which South Carolina was recently a member, and generally to negotiate as to all other measures and arrangements proper to be made and adopted in the existing relations of the parties, and for the continuance of peace and am ity between this commonwealth and the govern ment at Washington. 11 These Commissioners were elected and received their authority under the seal of the State of South Carolina and pro ceeded to Washington. (Ser. i, p. in.) On the 26th of December, 1860, the girri- son of Fort Moultrie, under command of Major Robert Anderson, moved into Fort Sumter, in Charleston Harbor. This did not please the Governor of South Carolina, and on the 2/th he "courteously, but peremptorily, 11 demanded that Major Anderson should transfer the garrison from Fort Sumter back to Fort Moultrie. This was refused. The Governor replied, that there was an understanding with President Buchanan that "no reinforcements were to be sent to any of these forts, and particularly to this one, 11 and that Major Anderson had violated this agreement by moving to Fort Sumter. The Governor was reminded by Major Anderson that he had moved his command from one fort to another in the same harbor, which he had a lawful right to do. During the afternoon of the 27th two steam ers "took possession by escalade of Castle Pinek- ney 11 and of Fort Moultrie at night, both by South Carolina State troops. This was tlu tiist sei/ure of government property by the Confed erates. (Se. i, Vol., I. p. 3.) On the 28th, after the seizure of these two 10 forts, the three Commissioners presented an ad dress to President James Buchanan, declaring their readiness to "negotiate, 71 "with the earnest desire to avoid all unnecessary and hostile col lision. 11 But which they then declared to be im possible, in the light of the events of the last twenty-four hours, because they said to the Pres ident: That "since our arrival, an officer of the United States * * * not only without, but against your orders, has dismantled one fort and occupied another 11 (referring to AnclersorTs evac uation of Fort Moultrie and occupation of Fort Sumter ). The Commissioners urged the Presi dent to immediately withdraw the United States forces from Fort Sumter and Charleston Harbor, because, they said, "Under present circumstan ces, they are a standing menace to South Caro lina, which renders negotiations impossible and * * * threatens speedily to bring to a bloody issue questions which ought to be settled with temperance and judgment. 1 After three days President Buchanan an swered the Commissioners, stating among other things, that his "position 11 as President of the United States "was clearly defined in his mes sage to the congress on the 3d instant, 1 a portion of which was: That "apart from the execution of the laws, so far as this may be practical, the executive has no authority to decide what shall be the relations between the Federal Government and South Car olina, 11 and that it was his duty to submit the whole controversy to congress in all its bearings, and that if any attempt was made to expel the United States authorities from the properties 11 which belong to the United States in Charleston Harbor, the officer in charge has orders to act on the defensive, and the President informed the Commissioners that he had information dated the 28th, that "the Palmetto flag floated out to the breeze at Castle Pinckney, and that a large mili tary force went over last night ( the 27th) to Fort Moultrie 1 and that the South Carolinians have cov ered the Federal forts with their own flag, instead of that of the United States, and that he cannot conceive how a reinforcement of Sumter can be a menace to Charleston. (Ser. i, p. 115.) December 31, General Scott ordered the sloop of war Brooklyn, lying at Fort Monroe, to reinforce Fort Sumter with men, arms and am munition, "as secretly and confidentially as pos sible/ 1 and on the same day Major Anderson re ported great activity among the South Carolini ans in Charleston harbor, and on the 28th a body surrounded the United States arsenal. On the 29th sentinels were placed around it, and on the 3oth, before the President had made his answer to the Commissioners, the arsenal in Charleston, and all it contained was seized by the 171!! Regi ment Infantry S. C. M. "in the name of the State of South Carolina and by order of Governor Pickens, 11 at 10:30 A. M. This was the second seizure of Government property. On the ist day of January, 1861, the Commissioners replied at great length to the President s answer. The burden of their reply was to charge the President with acting in bad faith with South Carolina, and that his answer not only left them without any hope for the withdrawal of the troops from Fort Sumter, but that the garrison would be rein forced, and they endeavored to torture the ac- 12 tion of Major Anderson, in removing the garri son from Moultrie to Sumter, into an act of war against the people of South Carolina. (Serial i, part i, page 124.) On the second, Fort Johnson, in Charleston Harbor, was seized by South Carolina State troops. This was the third seizure of Govern ment property. General Scott ordered the A. A. G. to reinforce Sumter with 200 men and three months subsistence, and directed that if any vessel carrying the same should be fired upon in Charleston Harbor, that the vessel should use her guns to silence such rire. On the 4th the "Star of the West 1 was engaged to carry the reinforcements to Fort Sumter, and on the 5th, two hundred men were ordered from Fort Columbus, under command of Lieutenant Charles R. Woods, to be shipped on board the "Star of the West 1 to reinforce Sumter. On the 5th of January, 1861, a remarkable Council of Southern Senators was secretly con vened at Washington, which at once assumed "the powers of a revolutionary Junta. 11 It met in one of the rooms of the Capitol, on the night of the above date. It was composed of the senators from seven Southern States: Florida, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Ar kansas and Texas. Fourteen senators were present. It was decided at that meeting to re commend the secession of their respective States, and the holding of a convention at Montgomery, Alabama, February 15, 1861. The proceedings were secret. Complete orders and instructions were promulgated as to the manner in which all the forts and arsenals in the South were to be seized. 13 There is no doubt but that at this remarkable Council of Southern Senators it was determined that R. M. T. Hunter, of Virginia, was to be President of the new Confederacy and Jefferson Davis Secretary of War. The latter, by train ing and education, was supposed to be well fitted for that position. (Secret I list. Confederacy, by Pollard, pages 61-2.) The "Star of the West 71 reached Charleston Harbor on the morning of the 9th of January, 1861. She was tired upon when she attempted to enter the harbor, by the batteries on Morris Island. Major Anderson sent an inquiry to the Governor of South Carolina, asking if the vessel had been tired upon by his orders, and stating that if it be not disclaimed, the act would be re garded as an act of war. This was the first shot fired in the Rebellion. Governor Pickens promptly answered at great length, reciting the new relations which he insisted South Carolina then sustained to the Federal Government from a Confederate stand point, insisting that the attempt to reinforce Fort Sumter was an Act of War against South Caro lina. The vessel on account of being fired upon did not reach Fort Sumter, and the fort was not reinforced or furnished with subsistence. On the nth a commission from Governor Pickens demanded the surrender of Ft. Sumter, which being refused, was modified, so as to have it understood that they desired to send a joint commission to Washington, which was also re fused. The United States Government notified Major Anderson that the act of firing upon the "Star of the West 17 was an act of war, and that his forbearance to return the tire was approved 14 Abraham Lincoln. From an old war times photograph.) by the President and the Secretary of War. This was the first demand for the surrender of Fort Sumter. So the first seizures of forts and other Government property, and the first shots were fired and the war was actually begun before Mr. Lincoln was inaugurated, and all through the month of January the South Carolinians were fortifyng the harbor at Charleston, The Confederate Convention assembled at Montgomery, Alabama, on the i5th. Mr. Hunter was indiscreet enough to broach the sub ject that there might yet be a peaceable and amicable settlement of the differences between the North and the South. This act on his part lost him the respect of the convention, and he was at once dropped as the prospective President of the new Confederacy and Jefferson Davis was elevated at once to the position of its champion. (Pollard s Secret History of the Confederacy, page 65. ) On the i yth of February the Confederate Congress assumed control of all questions relat ing to forts and arsenals. Major Anderson, in Fort Sumter, in obedience to orders, acted strictly on the defensive. All through the month of February work had been carried on night and day fortifying Charleston Harbor by the Con federates, and a constant watch was kept on Fort Sumter to prevent reinforcements being landed by small boats in the night time. Every act of the Government at Washington was observed by spies and quickly made known to the Southern leaders. All through the month of March the Confederate War Department was extraordinarily active. General Beauregard was in command at Charleston. 17 On the 4th of March, 1861, Abraham Lin coln was inaugurated President of the United States, and at once proceeded to discharge the duties of that great office under the most trying circumstances. On the 8th of April, 1861, President Lincoln determined that Fort Sumter should be reinforced, and so notified Governor Pickcns by messenger. The Confederate Secretary of War dispatched to Beauregard from Montgomery, that "Under no circumstances are you to allow provisions to be sent to Fort Sumter. 17 "Diplomacy has failed, the sword must now preserve our independence. 1 A demand for the evacuation of Fort Sum ter was made at 2 p. M. on the i ith, and the com mandant was allowed until 6 p. M. to answer. Major Anderson refused to surrender the fort. At 4 p. M. on the i ith, the Confederate batteries were reported readv to fire on Sumter. At 3:20 A. M. on the i 2th, Major Anderson was notified that the bombardment of Fort Sumter would be gin in one hour. Accordingly the bombardment began at 4:30 A. M. on April i2th, 1861. The first shot was fired from the mortar battery on James Island, after which the fire soon became general from all the batteries. The total num ber of guns trained on Sumter was 30 and 1 7 mortars. The total available guns in Fort Sum ter was 48. The fort was set on fire by the red hot shot and the quarters burned. The garrison surrendered on the i^th. One man was killed and four wounded. The surrender took place at 1:15 p. M. (Ser. i, page 15, Ft. Seq.) Two days after the surrender of Sumter, President Lincoln issued a proclamation calling for 75,000 volunteers for three months. Under this 18 call the States furnished 91,816 men, or an excess of nearly 17,000 men. In the meantime the Con federates were putting forth all their energy to supply men and means to carry on the war. On the 3d day of May the President called for an ad ditional levy of 500,000. Under this call 700,000 men were furnished. During the period from July 2ist to Decem ber 2oth, 1 86 1, b:>th parties put forth every ef fort in preparing for war. On the 2ist of July the battle of Bull Run was fought. In that en gagement the Union loss was 474 killed and 1,071 wounded. Total killed and wounded on the Union side, i,S45- The Confederates lost 387 killed and 1,582 wounded. Total, 1,969. The Confederate loss in killed and wounded ex ceeded that of the Union Army by 424. The Union Army had 87 more killed, but the Con federates had 511 more wounded. Although the Confederates suffered the greater loss in killed and wounded, yet the battle was a great disaster to the North. No military advantages resulted to either party, so far as position or territory was concerned, but the Union troops fell into disor der and retreated. The effect of the battle upon the Union Army and the Union cause was very depressing, and a corresponding feeling of buoy ancy pervaded the Confederates. Beginning with the bombardment of Fort Sumter in Charleston Harbor on April i2th and 1 3th by the Confederate batteries on that side, and the United States forces under Major An derson on the other, and ending with the encoun ter on December 28, 1861, at Mount Zion, Mis souri, there were fought during that year (156) one hundred and lifty-six engagements, the more 19 important of which, together with the losses on each side respectively, were as follows: FED. CON. LOSS. LOSS. July 21, ist Bull Run, Va., K. & W.. 1,545 Aug. 10, Wilson s Creek, Mo i, 2 35 T 95 Oct. 3, Green Briar, W. Va 43 52 Oct. 21, Ball s Bluff, Va 921 155 Nov 7, Belmont, Mo 501 641 Dec. 13, Camp Allegheny, W. Va. 137 144 Dec. 20, Dranesville, Va 68 194 Total killed and wounded 4,45o 4,250 In the Bull Run disaster the Confederates took 1,789 prisoners. The comparative net results of the fighting done during the year 1861 cannot be accurately estimated. In some quarters unimportant mili tary advantages were gained by the Confederates, while in others the Federals had succeeded in about a corresponding degree. TheConfederates lost more men in killed and wounded than the Federals, but the latter suffered the greater loss by capture; but both sides were assiduously em ployed in fortifying strategic points and in in creasing and disciplining their respective armies, so that at the end of the year 1861, the available forces of the contending parties were very nearly equal on the score of numbers, but the Confed erates were the better armed and equipped. 20 THE BATTLES OF 1862. The Union Army in the Mississippi Valley did not go into winter quarters nor did it cease active offensive operations during the winter of 1 861-2. On the 2d day of July, 1862, President Lincoln issued a proclamation, calling upon the Governors of the several States for 300,000 men to serve three years or during the war. The number to be furnished by each state was based upon its military population. 421,465 men re sponded to this call. Indiana s quota was 21,250, but the State responded with an enlist ment of 30,359. The looth Regiment enlisted under this call of July 2, 1862. Company "A," Captain Marquis L. Rhodes, from DeKalb County; Co. U B," Captain Gillespie, from Stuben County; Co. U C," Captain H.Crocker, LaGrange County; Co. "D," Captain R. M. Johnson, Elkhart County; Co. "E," Captain William Barney, Noble County; Co. "F," Captain Abram W. Myers, Whitley County; Co. "G," Captain G. O. Behm, Tippecanoe County; Co. "H, n Captain John W. Headington, Jay County; Co. I, 11 Captain John N.Sims, Clinton County, and Co. U K," Captain Charles W. Brouse, Marion 21 and Allen Counties; and there were men in the Regiment from other counties than those men tioned. The companies from the northeastern counties went into camp on the left bank of the St. Mary s River, on ground which is now em braced within the city of Fort Wayne. After a short stay in camp at that place those companies were moved to Camp Morton at Indianapolis and thence to Madison, on the Ohio River, and for some time guarded the fords on that river to prevent the crossing of a body of Confederate cavalry, which rendezvoused in the vicinity of Carrollton, Kentucky. The 2nd Indiana Cavalry, Col. Isaac Gray, assisted the looth Indiana in the performance of this ser vice, which ended on the loth of November, 1862. At that elate those Companies, "A, 11 "B, 11 "C, 11 "D" and "E" returned to Indianapolis, and having joined the other companies of the Regiment, on the day following (the nth) left Camp Morton for Memphis, Tennessee, by way of Cairo, Illinois, and the Mississippi River. On the 1 6th the command disembarked from the transports and was stationed in Fort Pickering, on the east bank of the Mississippi River, on the precipitous bluffs, at the then southern limits of the city, and was assigned to "The Second Brigade District of Memphis," commanded by Brig. Genl.John W. Denver, the "District of Memphis 11 being commanded by Genl. W. T. Sherman (S-iy-pt. 2-340). vSoon thereafter, Col. J. A. McDowell was assigned to the command of our brigade and Genl. Denver was assigned to command the division (S-i7~pt. 2-344). r ^ ne brigade at that 22 time was composed of the looth Indiana, 4oth Illinois, 46th Ohio, 6th Iowa and the I3th United States Infantry, ist Batallion (Ser/iy, p 340). A Confederate Army under Genl. Sterling Price was then located in the Northwestern po tion of Mississippi, against which Genl. Grant proposed to move. The plan of the campaign embraced the defeat of this army and the ulti mate investment of Vicksburg, at that time re garded as the Gibraltar of the South by the Con federate Government. The weather was extremely unfavorable for military operations; snow had fallen thus early, and the cold rains had made the roads in many places almost impassable, the exposure and change of climate, water and mode of living, caused very much sickness among the men and a great many died during the late fall and early winter months. Preparations for the campaign against Price s army to be made in winter s rain and mud were quickly completed, so that seven days after we entered Fort Pickering (the 23d) we received marching orders. Our baggage was reduced under orders to what was then supposed to be the lowest point attainable, but we learned better before the war ended. All the troops at Memphis by this order were directed to prepare for active field serviee. The Yocna March. On the 26th of November the army moved out of the city of Memphis, following Vance street. Our Division, the First, took the Pigeon Roost Road, the looth Indiana leading the 2cl 23 Brigade. We marched very hard until the column had crossed Nonconnah Creek, where we went into camp, having made our first day s real march of about fifteen miles. The men of the looth stood the fatigue of the march fully as well as the other troops, many of whom had been in the service a year or more. The men of that regiment were men of brain and brawn, being of that class who had not inconsiderately rushed into the army under the influence of excitement or sudden impulse, nor to that class w r ho had re mained at home until a large bounty was offered, or until their names were drawn from the wheel of chance in the draft; they belonged to that in telligent, sober minded, brave, strong and in trepid class w r ho left substantial interests, home, kindred and friends, because upon mature de liberation they had determined that their services were demanded of them by their countiy and thev had yielded to that demand through patri otism alone. As the mere pittance paid to the common soldiers of the Union army, many of whom were well-to-do, was no inducement to them to expose themselves to the dangers of death by disease or in battle. On the 27th we moved early, on the same road to Byhalia, Mississippi, fourteen miles, and encamped in line of battle. Our division formed the center, Smith s the left and Lauman s the right. That was our first night in line of battle. A confederate force of 30,000 was in our front, but it retired 1 during the night to a new "po sition. 1 Our forces numbered about 35,000. On the third day we took a road leading from Byhalia to Chulahoma, inarched twelve miles, crossed Pigeon Roost Creek and biv* 24 ouacked in line of battle with Lauman s Division on our riff ht and Smith s in the rear. On the O 29th we marched into the town of Chulahoma, formed in line, with a division on each flank. During the ^oth and the ist of December we re mained in camp. On the zd the rain, w T hich had fallen inces santly for two days, continued. The roads had become almost impassable; the men were liter ally drenched; the weather was chilly; the ground covered with water; and many of the men had slept none for three nights. We moved from Chulahoma to a point near Wyatt, Mississippi, about twenty miles from Holly Springs, where we remained, on account of the condition of the roads, until the 5th, when we moved forward and to the left on the College Hill road. On the 9th, Major General James B. McPherson was as signed to the command of our "First Division 1 by General Grant, by special field order No. 18 (Serial 17, p. 396), and General Sherman took leave of the Army and assumed command of a force which was to operate in conjunction with us against Vicksburg, by going down the Mis sissippi River. Prior to this date Holly Springs, Oxford and Abbeville had fallen into our hands, as the Confederates "retired" when we ad vanced. As we approached the Tallahatchie River, the Confederates made some resistance with artillery and infantry. This was our first experience of that kind, though we were not ac tually engaged. By the iSth we had advanced to and were in position on the high ground on the Yocna Patufna Creek, or, as the soldiers called it, the "Yocna,, 1 by which this march and cam paign was afterward known. We had about 800 25 rebel prisoners, taken in several minor engage ments at or near Coffeeville, Mississippi. These were the first we had seen. McPherson s troops were all in position about Otuckalofa and Water Valley. On the 1 8th, President Lincoln divided the forces in this department into four Army Corps, the I3th Gen eral McClernand, the i5th General Sherman, the i6th General Ilurlbut, and the lyth General Mc- Pherson, so that Abraham Lincoln was the author of the famous i^th Army Corps, and De cember 18,1862, was its birthday and Mississippi its birthplace and General Sherman its first com mander. (Serial 17, page 433.) General Grant had made Holly Springs a supply depot, and all of the Commissary and Quartermaster s stores for the army, which had advanced beyond, were stored at that place. On the 2oth the Confederate Generals, Van Dorn and Jackson, w r ith about 6,000 cavalry, dashed in and destroyed all the supplies. We fell back to the Tallahatchie, and on the 23d encamped on the hills on the north side of that river. We had little to eat except black beans, which were foraged from the plantations near by, and which were called by the soldiers "Nig ger Beans." Very many of the men were sick at the time with rheumatism and other maladies, brought on by the use of bad water and constant exposure, and several died On the 26th the men present for duty were put on half rations of such supplies as we had. We remained in camp several days. On the 4th of January, 1863, we marched to within a few miles of I loll v Springs, and on the 5th A r e reached that place and encamped on 20 the north side of the town, on a hill sloping to the south. During the few days that we re mained there several of our men died, after a few hours illness, of what the physicians called spot ted fever. All who were attacked died. On the 8th we marched to the town of Salem, Mis- sissipi, and encamped, the looth Indiana occupy ing the town, which was entirely deserted by the inhabitants. On the cjth, after a hard march along detestable roads, we reached Grand Junc tion, Tennessee, and went into camp half a^ mile northwest of that place. The army had made a march of about one hundred and sixty miles, from Memphis to Water Valley and return to Grand Junction, covering a period of forty-five days, having accomplished but little and lost much in stores and supplies. The original plan of the campaign was to force the Rebel Army under General Price as far south as Vicksburg, and then, in conjunction with a force to be sent down the river, to invest the place. But the destruction of our supplies at Holly Springs forced us to make a retrograde movement to a line of communication in our rear. By special field orders No. 18, the looth and 1 2th Indiana, 6th Iowa, 4 oth Illinois and 46th Ohio composed the 2nd brigade, first divis ion 1 3th Army Corps, Major General J. B. Me- D herson commanding right wing (Serial 17, p. On our arrival at Grand junction we went into camp for the winter. During the time we remained at that place our duties were to picket the post and to perform the usual and ordi nary post duties. Active operations for the year 27 1862 closed with our arrival at that place. There was much fighting done during the year 1862. Beginning with the action at Port Royal, Coosa River, South Carolina, on the ist of January, 1862, and ending with the battle of Stone River, January 2, 1863. There were fought during that year five hundred and sixty-four (564) engagements. Some of the more import ant of which, with the losses sustained therein by the Federal and Confederate armies, respectively, were as follows, as nearly as will ever be known: DATE, FED. CON. 1862. ENGAGEMENT. LOSS. LOSS. Jan. 19 Mill Springs, Ky 246 5 J9 Feb. 8 Roanoke Island, N. C 264 2,608 Feb. 14-16 Fort Donelson. Tenn 2,832 15,829 March 6-8 Pea Ridge, Ark 1,382 5,200 March 23 Kernstown, Va , 590 718 March 14 Newberne, N.C 471 578 April 6-7 Shiloh, Tenn 13,047 10,694 May5 Williamsburg, Va 2,239 1,560 May 23-25 Front Royal and Winchester 2,019 214 May31 Fair Oaks (Seven Pines) 5.03L 6,134 JuneS Cross Keys, Va 684 495 June 9 Port Republic 1,018 615 June 16 Secessionville, S. C. ... 683 2<>4 June 25-July L.Seven Days Battle 15,849 20,614 August 9 Cedar Mountain, Va 2,381 1,314 August 30 Richmond, Ky 5,353 451 Sept 11-20. . .Harper s Ferry 12,737 12,601 Sept. 16 Mumfordville, Ky 4,148 714 Sept. 17 Antietam, Md 12,410 25,899 Sept. 19 luka, Mississippi 790 t>93 Oct. 3-5 Corinth, Mississippi 2,520 4,838 Oct; 8 Chaplin Hills, Ky 4,211 3,396 Dec. 7 Hartsville, Tenn 2,096 139 Dec. 7 Prairie Grove, Ark 1,251 981 Dec. 13 Fredricksburg, Va 12,653 5,315 Dec, 26-28 Chickasaw Bluffs, Mississippi 1,776 187 Dec. 31 Stone River, killed and wounded. 8,778 9,000 Dec, 31 Guerrilla Campaign in Missouri. . 580 2,866 Total Losses 118,041 132,486 The foregoing figures are compiled from various sources, but principally from the archives of the Union and Confederate armies published 28 by the Government. The casualties in the en gagements mentioned show a total on both sides of over a quarter of a million, and that the Con federate loss was nearly fourteen thousand more than the Union. The net results of the fighting done during the year 1862 were very much in favor of the Unionists. In addition to a greater loss in killed, wounded and missing, the Confederates lost a vast amount of territory as well as several forts and arsenals. The 100th Indiana. Operations as Guards and Scouts During 1863. In January, 1863, by order of General Grant, General McPherson stationed six regi ments between Grand Junction and Memphis, Tennessee, to act as scouts and to guard the line of the Memphis and Charleston railroad between those places, one of which was the icoth Indiana, then lying at Grand Junction. Nearly all other troops were sent down to Vicksburg to operate against that place. We were encamped on low, wet ground at Grand junction. The winter was severe on the men; we had some snow, but much more rain. Very many of the men fell sick and died of dis ease. On" the 7th of March we received orders to move on the 9th, which we did, arriving on the ioth at Collierville, twenty-four miles east of Memphis, and encamped in the town. We soon made an attractive parade ground and a clean and very pretty camping ground. There we did duty as guards, and soon had erected a fort and lines of entrenchments. Some of our companies occupied stockades on the rail road to the east of Collierville. If space would permit, enough ludicrous and amusing incidents 30 of our camp life at these places could be related to fill a volume. We foraged pretty liberally lt on the country"" at times while performing this service, captured a good many Rebels and Guerrillas, and a great many line mules and horses, which were turned over to the quartermaster. These were verv valuable to the government as train mules. Although the health of the men was much better at Collierville than at Grand Junction, yet a good man\" died of disease there also. On the 9th of May, in obedience to orders, we started on a scout at sundown, marched northwardly all night, crossed Wolf River at 2 A. M. on fallea trees. Lieut. Boyd, Co. "C," fell into the river but was rescued. We rested until three hours after day light, then moved against a body of Rebels, in our front. They tied on our approach, leaving their camp fires burning, and some arms. We captured some prisoners, and breaking up into squads, we captured and brought in about seventy horses. The writer made an important capture of a Rebel officer and a fine horse, in the presence of Capt. (now Colonel) Johnson, and under his direction . Major Parrott and his detail and Charlie Pearce and others of Company lt E," as well as quite a number of squads from other companies, which I cannot now name, all made captures and brought everything safely into camp, having made a march of sixty miles without sleep. On the 2oth of May the looth Indiana started at 2 A. M. on a scout southward, across Coldwater River into Mississippi. We drove the Confederates away from Quinn s Mills and 31 secured a great many good horses and mules for the trains. We returned to our camp through Nonconnah, Mississippi, and while mounting guard that evening were attacked by the Rebels. We repulsed the enemy, who had followed us from the Coldwater River close in our rear. We lay in line all night. Our casualties were two killed and ten missing: Capt. O. J. Fast was wounded. The following is an extract from the official report of Col. Loomis: "Collierville, May 21, 1863. "The attack of yesterday evening was made * * directly in our front in three columns, by different roads and of larger force than I sup posed last night. * * My loss was one killed and nine missing. * * The pickets fought well and held their posts until they were sur rounded and unable to retire. Citizens who saw the tight * * speak in praise of the conduct of the men." The following is the Rebel official report of this affair: "Senatobia, Miss., May 21, 1863. "General Chalmers: The enemy advanced yesterday from Collierville, 1,000 strong, to Coldwater, returned in the evening, followed by Captains White and Cousins and Lieut. Jennings, who killed two and captured ten Federal prison ers. 7 (S. 34, p. 425.) On the 3ist of January, 1863, the army was reorganized and after that date our Brigade em braced the 4oth Illinois, i2th and looth Indiana, 6th Iowa, 1 5th Michigan and 46th Ohio, ist Brigade, ist Division, i6th Army Corps, Genl. 32 General Grant. (Prom a war times photograph.) Denver, commanded the Division and Col, Wai- cutt, the Brigade (Ser. 28, p. 24). On the 30th of April the Brigade was com posed of the 26th and 9oth Illinois, i2th and looth Indiana. Col. Loomis commanded the Brigade and W. S. Smith the Division. (Serial 28, p. 253.) From the 9th of January until the yth of June, 1863, the looth Indiana did active service every day. There was much to do to guard our line of communication and to hold off and drive out the many detachments of Rebel cavalry, as well as large bodies of Confederates who sought to sever our lines of communication and to recover the country. On the 3oth of May the troops stationed be tween Memphis and Corinth, which numbered about fifteen thousand, began to move to Mem phis, having been ordered to reenforce Grant 1 s army at Vicksburg. The Siege of Vicksburg. On the evening of the 30! of June, 1863, the looth Indiana received orders to be read}- to march at any moment. We at once began to make ready. During the night of the 4th a se vere storm of wind and rain came up and we were literally soaked with torrents of rain and almost blown away. On the yth we left our old camp at break of day. The weather was intensely hot. We marched twenty -two miles and went into camp about two miles east of Memphis. During the 35 night the rain fell again in torrents. On the 8th we marched to the steamboat landing and went on hoard the steamer "Adams." It rained very hard all night. On the morning of the 9th we left for Vicks- burg. On the night of the loth we lay up at Lake Providence, Louisiana. In the middle of the night a hurricane came up, which crushed nearly all the glass in the windows and doors of our boat and almost capsized us; a season of storms seemed to have overtaken us. On the iith we came in sight of Vicksburg. We ran down to and beyond ;t Young s Point, 1 where upon the Rebel batteries in Vicksburg began to throw shells at us. We at once steamed up the Yazoo River to Ilaine s Bluff, where we disem barked about twelve miles above Vicksburg. The Yazoo River w r as blockaded at this point with timbers, torpedoes and other obstruc tions. Nearly all the reinforcements for the Vicksburg army were landed at this point, as well as arms and army stores. For several days after our arrival we, to gether with a very large force, were engaged in strengthening the fortifications at this point. The weather was extremely hot and almost every night we had a terrific rain. The water was very bad and a great many men suffered with camp diarrhoea and other complaints. On the icjth we were employed, in common with many other reg iments, in making roads leading to the rear of Vicksburg, On the 2ist we were engaged in mounting cannons of large caliber on the heights, where we had made additional works. On this day, the 9th Army Corps, consisting of about 8,000 3G men, landed at Ilaines 1 Bluff and moved out about twelve miles towards Pearl River and the rear of Vicksburg, General Parke commanding. We marched from midnight on the 22d until morning-, got breakfast after sunrise, and then, with three days 1 rations, marched to Oak Ridge, on the east of Vicksburg, having passed the 9th Armv Corps during the day and night. We occupied here a position directly between Vicks burg and a Confederate army of 40,000 infantry and 4,000 cavalry under General Joseph E. John ston, who were on Black River endeavoring to aid the garrison of Vicksburg, if an opportunity offered. The object in placing us in this position was to prevent Johnston^ army from in any man ner aiding PembertoiVs, which was shut up in Vicksburg, and to prevent the latter from escap ing from the besieged city. The Rebels were, at this date, reported to be tearing down houses and building boats in Vicksburg to escape by the Mississippi River. We were liable also to be at tacked at any moment by General Johnston. Generals Dennis, Ilerron, Logan, McPherson and Admiral Porter were so notified in orders by General Grant, and the entire command was ready to do battle at a moment s notice. ( No. & P- 4270 All the roads between Black River and Vicksburg were blocked. Deserters from the latter place reported that the Rebels were eating mule meat and parched corn, and that at Port Hudson the principal ration was parched corn. We, the looth, captured some Rebel officers on this date, and killed some beeves which were so poor we could hardly skin them. (No. 38, P- 435-) 37 On the 24th there was heavy firing at Vieks burg all day- We received orders to march at 4. A. M. on the 2^th. At that hour the rooth was ordered to perform the special service of feeling to the east for Johnston s line of battle. We passed our outer picket line, destroyed the bridge over Black Creek, moved nearly to Black River, ascertained definitely that Johnston s army was not \vest of the Big Black, then returned to camp at ii P. M., with nothing to eat. The men were tired and mad. We all went to sleep very hungry and very tired. We took some Rebel deserters who said that they had no bread in Vicksburg except what was made of rice and flour mixed, and that corn was worth forty dollars a bushel, Confederate money ( Serial 38, p. 439). On the 26th we got some rations. On the 27th we all slept under arms. The 29th of June was intensely hot. There was but little firing on the lines. On the 3oth we were paid and a large amount of money was expressed home by the men, as money was of little use in the intrenchments. On the 3d we learned early that negotiations were pending for the sur render of Vicksburg, and we were all happy. On the 4th the news came along the lines early that the garrison of Vicksburg would march out c"> t"> and stack arms and then march back again as prisoners of war. All the Generals, great and small, were ex changing congratulations and letters, and new orders were being issued. The whole army en joyed that 4th of July, and even General Sher man was delighted at the shouts of his old com mand and said he would punish no soldier for get ting "uncohappy 11 on that da) (Serial 38, p. 38 47 2 )- I\ v tms surrender we took 31,000 prison ers and a vast amount of arms and military stores. We had now cut the Confederacy in twain, sep arated Arkansas, Louisiana and Texas from the states east of the Mississippi and had secured the navigation of that stream and many of its tribu taries. The blow to the Confederacy was irre parable. Rations were issued to the Confederate prisoners by order of General Grant, which was a great treat to them, indeed. The military ad vantages gained by the surrender of Vicksburg were very great, and each officer and soldier of the looth Indiana is entitled to take to himself a full share of the honor which attached to that achievement. Siege of Jackson, Mississippi, and Return to Camp Sherman. A few hours after the surrender of Vicks burg we received orders to march, which we did at 5 P. M., toward Black River and Johnston s army. Our course took us over high hills and through the woods and cane brakes^ The ni^ht was very dark . We crossed Black Creek (or Bear Creek) and went into camp on a high hill at sunrise, having marched all night and made about ten miles. We remained here all day and until 8 P. M. of the ^th, when we again marched, in Egyptian darkness, all night and only made about ten miles, to a point near Bifdsono- s Ferry on the Big Black River. We crossed that stream on the 6th in the evening on a small boat. The weather was 39 very hot and the roads dusty. We could trace the route of the retreating Rebel cavalry by the columns of dust seen at a distance across the valley. We went into camp on the east bank of the river. On the yth we marched about eight miles in the night time, during which a terrific rain and wind storm came upon us. The mud was deep, the men wet and teams mired down in the sand. On the 8th we marched about ten miles, passed the farm of Joseph Davis, a brother of Jefferson Davis. We were unable to obtain any water to use, except such as we took from the ponds and wagon ruts along the road. There were no wells or cisterns and no springs. The Confederate army retreated in our front toward Jackson and we went into camp in line of battle. On the 9th we marched about eight miles, all the way in the woods; the weather was very hot. We lay on our guns all night, and on the loth we moved to the left of our line and to the north side of Jackson, and encamped in line of battle, on the plantation of the Rebel General, R. Griffith. The 9oth Illinois had a brisk skirmish with the enemy, for which it received a compli ment by the Brigade Commander. (Serial 37, p. 629.) On the nth we moved by the left flank as far as the railroad running north. About TO o clock we moved to the insane asylum north of the city and from there, in line of battle, directly toward the Rebel batteries in our front. }. P. Farden of Company "G 11 was wounded. There was sharp tiring all day around Jackson. On the 1 2th we remained under our batteries, the looth directly in front of a 12 -gun Confederate 40 battery. Our skirmishers tired continually into the embrasures of the Confederate works and thus prevented the gunners from using their guns. During the night of the nth the looth In diana planted a sunk battery within short range of the Confederate tort in our front, and at about 7 A. M. on the i2th four batteries of the First Division opened tire on the enemy with twenty- four guns. The iooth Indiana lay in line directly in front of these batteries, and every shot, in cluding such replies as the enemy were able to make, passed only a few feet directly over their heads. The screech of those elongated shot and shell in such close proximity to our heads was simply indescribable. Fragments of shot and shell fell all around us. Charles Munroe, Com pany "E," and John P. Armstrong, of Company "K, ?? were wounded. On the 1 2th and i3th heavy details were made to fortify, and on those two days our batteries threw three thousand rounds into the city, mostly from ten and twenty plunder Parrotts and twelve pound Napoleons. The Rebels were seen to fly in all directions to escape the shot and shell from our batteries. (Serial 37, p. 629.) The enemy replied sharply and shelled us all day. On the evening of the i4th the looth In- diana went on the skirmish line and advanced the right 150 yards, so close that we could hear the Rebels talking. From this position we tired upon the Rebel cannons continually and kept them silenced, while our own batteries were being planted. William A very, of Company "D," was killed. 41 We were relieved on the morning- of the i6th by the 97th Indiana Regiment which took the same position we occupied and suffered a loss of live killed and twenty-eight wounded, by an attempt to advance the line. (See serial 38, p. 641.) Corporal O. S. Davis, of Company "A," was wounded. During the time we were in this critical and dangerous position every officer and man of the rooth displayed coolness and courage, and cheerfully bore the hardships of the severe test of heat and Rebel shot and shell. "It is suf ficient praise to the officers and men of my com mand to sav, that when pelted with shot, shell, canister and bullets, I have never seen either officer or man falter or quail. 11 (Official report Genl. W. S. Smith, commanding ist Division 1 6th A. C., Serial 37, p. 630.) During all the night of the :6th we could hear the rumbling of wagons and other ominous sounds, which indicated that the Rebels were evacuating, and at daylight on the morning of the 1 7th we entered the capital city of Mississippi. At this time we w r ere in the First Brigade, First Division, Sixteenth Corps, composed of the 1 2th and Tooth Indiana, and the 26th and 9Oth Illinois. (Serial 37, p. S44-) The following is an extract from the official report of Lieut. Col. Albert Heath: "The looth Regiment was equidistant from our o\vn and the Rebel batter ies. 11 "Pieces of lead from our own rifle shells and solid shot from the enemy fell continually around us. * """ During the three days we lay in line not less than fifty shells exploded around my men. * * The solid shot would strike the ground and ricochet over the men, covering them with earth. * * I know of no 42 instance where either officer or man failed to stand by his gun day and night. Joseph Farden, Charles Munroe, John P. Armstrong and Oliver S. Davis were w r ounded, and William A very, of Company 1 D," was killed. The officers and men of the looth displayed courage and cool ness. 1 (Serial 37, p. 634.) The Division had two officers and thirty-two men killed, fourteen officers and two hundred and fifteen men wounded, and three officers and twenty-five men missing; total casualties at Jack son, 291. (Serial 37, p. 5440 Loring s Rebel Division was on the Con federate right and in our front, Walker s and French s in their center and Breckenrid^e on their left; about 32,000 in all. We took more t Kan 1,200 prisoners. The total Federal loss- killed, wounded and missing was 1,122. The Confederate was twice that number. (Serial 37, P- 55-) A great nianv buildings were on fire when o o \ve entered and the citizens had nearly all left the city, which was occupied by the i^th Army Corps and other troops. A great many prison ers were taken, of whom 1,150 w r ere paroled that afternoon. Many dwellings contained fine furniture, libraries and the clothing of the occu pants who had fled. There was evidence on every hand of the terrible effect of our artillery on the buildings in the city. The fruits of the victory were the expulsion of Johnston s army from the Mississippi River Val ley, the entire destruction of about one hundred miles of railroad and two hundred railroad cars, four thousand bales of cotton, several pieces of artillery and an immense quantity of shot, shell 43 and other munitions of war, besides about 1,200 prisoners . General Sherman turned over to a committee of citizens two hundred barrels of flour and one hundred barrels of mess pork, as they were en tirely destitute of provisions. The condition of the country from Vicksburg to Jackson, Missis sippi, was "one of utter ruin and destruction (Se rial 37, p. 539). The railroad bridge over Pearl River was knocked down by tiring 388 solid shot against the piers (Ib. p. 542). On the 22d we again received orders to march, and at 3 o clock A. M. we moved toward Vicksburg on the same road we came. We passed to the right of the town of Clinton, which was burning at the time, and encamped. On the 23d we marched at 3 A. M., very hard. Weather very hot; roads very dusty; water very scarce. The men and animals suf fered intensely. We went into camp on the Champion Hill battle field. On the 25th we marched at 3 A. M., crossed the Big Black River, marched about a mile and a half and went into camp on the ground, which was then named Camp Sherman, eighteen miles east of Vicksburg, where we remained until Sep tember 28, 1863. On the 27th we received our knapsacks and tents form Ilaine s Bluff, where we had left them in June. We had several heavy rain falls while in this camp. The campaign to Jackson and return was made in twenty days; the distance marched, a little over one hundred miles. We frequently had religious services in Camp Sherman. There was considerable sickness among the men and several & 44 of the looth died. We drilled but little, but were reviewed several times. It was said that the looth lost fewer men by death, in this camp, than any other Regiment. Our men were all well supplied. We got the newspapers daily. Dur ing the month of August the mercury frequently registered 113 cleg. Fahrenheit in the shade. In September we were transferred from the 1 6th Corps to the i5th, then commanded by General F. P. Blair, becoming the 4th Division of the 1 5th Corps, Brigadier General Hugh E vy ing commanding the Division. (Cox, p." 95.) On the 4th of July, 31,270 Rebels had sur rendered to us, or were killed or wounded here. On the same day was fought the battle of Get tysburg, in which the Confederates lost 2o,44cS men, or 31,620 according to another authority, and were decidedly defeated. On the same day at Helena, Arkansas, the Confederate army un der Price and Holmes was defeated by Prentiss, with a loss of 2,000 killed, wounded and prison ers. Thus the Confederates lost essentially in a day 65,000 men, besides the seceded states were severed; valuable territory was lost; railroad and river communications wrenched from them, and a vast amount of stores and munitions of war fell into the hands of the Unionists. The whole North was convulsed with rejoic ing, while a corresponding depression was felt all over the South. In the midst of this period of rejoicing, General Rosecrans attempted to de molish Bragg 1 s army at Chicamauga, which had been reinforced with Long-street s Corps from Virginia without Rosecrans 1 knowledge. One of the fiercest battles of the war was fought on the field of Chicamauga, both sides displayed the most surprising valor and many deeds of bravery and daring were done. Rosecrans was outnum bered and possibly outgeneraled, but he had an army of brave and heroic men, who, under the General who never lost a battle, George II. Thomas, saved the army. The brittle was stub born, the Federals lost heavily and retired to Chattanooga. The Confederates pursued the Union Army to the valley of the Tennessee at Chattanooga; and occupied Lookout Mountain and the heights of Missionary Ridge. They were so badly punished that they could do no more than this. No particular military advantages were gained or lost by either side as a result of that battle beyond the losses sus tained. It is true that Bragg 1 s army occupied the heights around Chattanooga, but when he massed his army in front of Sherman at Mission Ridge, on the 25th of November, the same army that fought him at Chicamauga broke through his weakened center and routed his forces. The news of the battle of Chicamauga came to us at Vicksburg on the 23d of September. Two days after that we had marching orders. The March From Vicksburg to Chattanooga. On the 2 yth the looth Indiana left Camp Sherman and marched to Vicksburg, where many river crafts were lying, to be used in transport ing us back to Memphis, which place we had left but little more than three months before, but these had been eventful months to the men of the looth, who boarded a transport on the 28th and 40 started to Memphis, 425 miles distant, at low water. The passage was slow and tedious. We ran aground every day. No incident worthy of note occured to break the monotony of the tiresome journey. On the 9th of October the icoth ar rived again at Memphis. A good many of our men fell sick during the trip and were left in hospitals at that place. On the nth General Sherman and staff and some other officers were going east in a special train, on the M. & C. R. R. They ran into Collierville just as General Chalmers, with a Confederate cavalry force of 3,000 men and eight pieces of artillery were making an assault on the pla.ce, which was garrisoned by the 66th Indiana, Col. Anthony. That Regiment occupied the same works which the looth Indiana had built about three months prior. Demand was made by Chalmers for the surrender of the post; this was refused and the attack began. At this time we were about four teen miles away, at Germantown, only eight or ten miles east of Memphis. General Sherman got a message to us at Germantown, before the wires were cut by the Rebels at Collierville, and we double quicked nearly all the way from the former place to Collierville. As we approached the place the Confederates retreated to the south. They had cut the wires and torn up the railroad both east and west of the town. A detachment of the 1 3th regulars and the officers and men on the train all joined in the defense, and the old works built by the looth probably on that day prevented the capture of General Sherman and his staff. 47 On the next clay the damage to the railroad was repaired and we moved on. Our Division was the only one of the i5th Corps that marehed through from Memphis to the Tennessee River. Osterhau s and Morgan L. Smith s Divisions went by rail and on their way to Stevenson fol lowed the line of the M. & C. railroad south of the Tennessee River. We crossed that stream at East Port about the zyth and marched thence to Florence. Our 4th Division bore to the northeast and struck the Nashville and Chattanooga rail road a.t Decherd, and then crossed the mountains by way of Cowan to Stevenson, Alabama, where we arrived on the I4th of November. On the 1 5th we marched to within one mile of Bridgeport and encamped. On the next day we drew some clothing and three days 1 rations and on the morning of the i/th we left our tents and all our baggage, crossed the Tennessee River on pontoons, just below the railroad bridge, at Bridgeport, Alabama, and marched beyond Nicka Jack cave, turned to the right and encamped on the side of Sand Mountain in the timber. The mountain road was very rocky and very steep. On the i8th we marched only eight miles. We drew the artillery up some steep places on the mountain side by hand. On the 1 9th we marched to Wincher s Gap, in the Sand Mountains, about fifteen miles southwest of Chat tanooga. The looth Indiana went forward to picket the Gap. We were relieved at noon the next day and moved down the mountain at six feet apart, with colors riving, which of course could be seen by the Confederates from the top of Lookout, the object being to deceive them as to our real strength. We went into camp three 48 Col. John Mason Loomis. Co,,, m!md i, lglst Brigade. ,,, Division, , 5lh A Corps , ,, M Assault on Missionary Ridge. miles south of Trenton, Walker County, Georgia. On the 2oth we marched in a southwesterly direction three and one-half miles and went into camp. Rain fell most of the day. We captured twenty-five bogheads of wheat at this place and a mill near by was running in which we ground it. We knew nothing of the whereabouts of our train. We marched at 6:30 A. M. on the 2ist in a heavy rain and very deep mud in the direction of Chattanooga. We halted at Trenton, during which time the court house was burned. We marched very late, the night was very dark and the rain fell in torrents. We could see the tires of the Confederate army above us on our right, all ajong Lookout Mountain, as we traversed the valley below. On the 22cl\ve moved early, down Trenton valley, to the junction of the Trenton and M. & C. railroad. We halted under the Rebel guns on Lookout, in plain sight of the Rebel army. The roads were almost impassable. Here we drew a few rations and 100 rounds of ammunition to each man, then we marched again late and hard, in the dark, \vading in the mud, crossed the Tennessee River below Point Look out on a pontoon bridge, which parted just as the rear of the looth had cleared the river and left our train and part of our Division on the other side and we had nothing to eat. We were wet, muddy, tired, sleepy and hungry but every man was full of grit and energy, and few, if any, com plaints were heard. When w r e were within a mile or two of Chattanooga on the north side of the Tennessee River we all lay down on the cold, muddy ground, hungry and without a ration, and without shelter of any kind. And this ended the 51 tedious march from Vicksburgto Chat tanooga, more than 700 miles by the route our Division followed. The Battle of Missionary Ridge, November 25, 1863. On the 24th of November we were aroused at 2 o clock A. M. At that hour the lootli In diana drew a few rations, and four hours later the entire command moved eastwardly over the hills, on the north side of the Tennessee River, to a point at its north bank, opposite the mouth of South Chicamagua River, where we crossed the Tennessee on the steamboat tc Dunbar." Giles A. and John E. Smith s divisions of our i ^th Corps had crossed over in advance of us and captured the entire line of Rebel pickets, seventy-three in number, without firing a gun, and had erected earthworks some distance out from the south bank of the Tennessee River. Shortly after noon our fourth division, com manded by General Hugh Ewing, having crossed the river, formed in line of battle. The Second Division, General Giles A. Smith, formed the left of our line, General John E. Smith s 3d Division the center, and the 4th, General Hugh Ewing, the right. General Osterhau s First Division having been sent to the assistance of Hooker in taking Lookout Mountain. We moved forward in echelon over low swampy ground until w r e reached the western base of the hills forming the north base of Missionary Ridge, a distance of about a mile and half from the south bank of the 52 Tennessee river, or, perhaps, more properly, the southeastern bank. The western side of the tirst hill of Mission Ridge, in our front, was stony and steep near its summit, but we ascended with such rapidity that at about 4 P. M., and before the Confederates were aware of it, we occupied the summit of the first hill and were fortifyng. The xooth Indiana ascended and occupied the summit of the second hill north and northwest of the railroad tunnel. The Confederates had a battery on the first hill, to the north of the tunnel. Thus the Tooth was the extreme right of that part of Sherman s army, which occupied the summit of Missionary Ridge, and was the first regimental organization that reached the summit of the ridge, and was nearer the Rebel line on the 24th than any other command. We hastily constructed some trenches on the very summit of the hill spoken of, and although there was more stone than earth on the top of the hill, yet we threw up some works, by hard work, sufficiently high to protect a battery, and then drew our cannons up the hill by hand and placed them in the works we had built. There was some skirmishing during the time. The night, though cool, was nevertheless a very beautiful one. About 1 1 P. M. an eclipse of the moon oc curred, which some of the men, who were still erecting works, said was an ill omen, but it was not, for just at that hour \ve learned that the Rebels had been driven from Lookout Mountain. The morning of the 25th of November was frosty on the hills and smoky and foggy in the valley be low us. We moved from the top of the hill, which we occupied, next to Bragg 1 s right battery, early 53 in the morning, to the level plain below, and formed in line of battle, our left, the 9oth Illinois, facing toward the railroad tunnel and the western slopes of Mission Ridge. This was about 8:30 or 9 A. M. It was still foggy on the low land, where we were formed, but it was clear and the sun shone brightly on the top of Missionary Ridge so that the Confederates could not look down into the fog and see us, but we could look up through it and see one long column of Rebels after another moving from the Confederate cen ter to their right and being massed directly in our front, as if it required the whole Rebel army to prevent the four Regiments of our brigade from scaling the heights in front. We looked up through the fog and saw the thousands of bright gun barrels of the Rebel soldiers flashing in the sunshine as they moved in column after column from their center to their right. The polished brass cannons were seen by us glistening in the sunshine as they moved along the top of the ridge and also took position in our front, and so long did this continue that it seemed as if their entire force was being placed in position on the top and sides of the ridge in our front. About 9 or 9:30 A. M. we sent forward across the level ground to the west of the tunnel, a strong skirmish line. The Confederates being above us were com pelled to fire downward upon us at an angle of 20 to 40 degrees, and we fired upward at them at the same angle. From the place where Loomis 1 Brigade formed in line of battle that morning to the rail road track leading along the base of the hill to the tunnel is about one-third of a mile, almost perfectly level, with nothing whatever to protect 54 our line from the plunging shot and shell of the Confederates, delivered at short range by several batteries and lines of infantry. As we moved in line of battle across the level land we lost a great many men in killed and wounded from the tire of the Confederates, who literally swarmed on summit and slopes of the hills. The 9oth Illinois, Colonel O Meara, the Irish Legion, was on the left, nearest to the tun nel, then the looth Indiana the left center, the 1 2th Indiana, and the 26th Illinois on the right of the Brigade. During the battle, which raged nearly all day, the 9oth Illinois lost 1 1 7 men and the 1 2th Indiana 62, the 26th Illinois lost 95 and the looth Indiana 137. Only three Regiments in the entire Federal army lost as many men as the looth on that day. Those were the 97th Ohio 149, the 4oth Indiana 158 and the i5th Indiana 199, all three of which were in Sheridan^ Division of the 4th Army Corps. These figures show, that as far as hard righting and heavy losses are concerned, the In diana soldiers stand at the head of the Roll of Honor, the looth Regiment occupying the pin nacle of fame in that behalf, having lost a larger proportion of the number engaged than any of the others. It took into action 320 men, an aver age of 32 men to each company. The killed and wounded numbered i^^I only two w r ere missing, \.J *J J O This shows a loss of 43 per cent, which is 7 per cent more than the loss sustained by the cele brated Six Hundred in the charge made by it at Balaklava. 53 The Advance of the Fifteenth A. C. On the 24th the Second Division crossed the Tennessee River first and moved forward, follow ing the main line of the Chicamagua River east- wardly and was the column of direction. The Third Division, General John E. Smith, formed the center, and the Fourth Division, General Hugh Ewing, the right, in which was the Tooth. A heavy line of skirmishers were thrown forward, and the three Divisions, which were formed in echelon, moved forward in that manner, almost directly east, toward the group of hills which form the north end of Missionary Ridge, which we occupied as stated. On the 25th while we were moving forward across the level ground in our front, and when we had reached a point within short range of the Confederate masses on the slopes above us, we were exposed to a heavy cross-tire of infantry and artillery, the enemy be ing on our left and front. About 10:30 A. M., General Corse commanding the 2cl Brigade of the 4th Division, charged the Rebel batteries and line of battle occupying the fort and entrench ments on the summit of the first hill west of the railroad tunnel, advancing right up to the Rebel works. Being unable to take the works, the Brigade took a position on the hill side and held it firmly until nightfall, having driven the enemy from his outer works and taken posses sion. (Serial 55, p. 631.) As to what the looth did during the battle, General Ewing says, in his official report, that "Loomis moved his Brigade in line of battle across the open fields under a trying artillery and infantry fire, drove the enemy up the tunnel road and hill south and took and maintained the po- 56 sition assigned him, threatening and opening the way to the tunnel from the flank and rear. The steadiness with which this movement was made, and the tenacity with which the postion was held, is deserving o f high commendation, the at tempts of the enemy to dislodge us being sig nally repulsed. 11 (Serial ^5, p. 632.) The First Brigade, the looth and the i2th Indiana and the 26th and 9oth Illinois were rein forced by Bushbeck s Brigade of the nth Army Corps. This Brigade did good fighting; its com mander, Col. Taft, was killed. Later on the Brigades of Loomis and Bushbeck were rein forced by the Brigades of Matthies and Raum from John E. Smith 1 s Division. The Rebels re treated during the night and at daybreak on the 26th the 1 5th Army Corps pursued them to wards Graysville. (No. 55, p. 632.) The losses in the First Brigade, as reported by the regimental commanders, were as follows: The 26th Illinois had 10 men killed, 6 officers and 76 men wounded and one missing; total 93. The 90th Illinois had one officer and 9 men killed, and 6 officers and 88 men wounded, and 13 missing; total 117. The i2th Indiana one officer and 9 men killed, and 7 officers and 43 men wounded and 2 missing; total 62. The looth Indi9na had one officer and 19 men killed, and 8 officers and 107 men wounded and 2 miss ing; total 137. The above figures are from the report of Col. Loomis, as to the 26th, 9oth and 1 2th, but none are counted in the estimates above given except such as were disabled; those Regi ments all had more casualties than as above given. The report as to the looth is correct, but does not embrace such wounds as were 57 slight and caused the soldiers no inconvenience. Total loss in the Brigade, 409. The loss in the looth, as given by General Ewing, is manifestly wrong, as the killed and wounded have been counted name by name by the author and found to be 137, excluding those who were only very slightly wounded. General Ewing 1 s report was made the second day after the battle, before the extent of our losses were known. Some of those reported missing, in all the Regiments, are now known to have been killed. We remained on the field until about 4:30 i. M. when we were withdrawn by Col. Loomis, by order of General Ewing, having been engaged in battle about eight hours. "During the night large parties were kept on the field to bring off the dead and wounded; all of the latter were removed before morning. " Col. Loomis, after giving the movements of the Brigade in detail, closes his report by saying: "I have the honor to mention for gallant conduct a few of the many who deserve it: Capt. Joseph W. Gillespie, Co. <B, and Capt. Charles W. Brouse, Co. K, looth Indiana Infantry * * on the line of battle the gallantry of the officers was beyond praise. I particularly desire to mention my regimental commanders, for spir ited and splendid performance of duty. * * Also Lieut. Henry G. Collis, looth Indiana, A. A. A. G. on my staff. * * Every color bearer in my Brigade was shot down and four-sevenths of the entire color guard; but men were thick to raise up and bear to the front the flags of their Regiments. For my gallant dead and wounded I have no language to do them justice." (Serial 55. P- 6 35) 58 The looth Indiana in the Battle. Names of the Killed and Mortally Wounded. Inasmuch as I have contradicted the official reports as to the number killed and mortally wounded, I will state their names: Company "A 11 had sixteen men wounded during the engagement, but not a man was killed, although on that day it was the right color company in the line and had one-half of the number it took into the battle wounded. That none were killed is simply inexplicable. Company "B n suffered severely in wounded but like Company "A," providentially none were killed, though a large proportion were severely wounded. Company lt C ? -Edward Whitney killed. Company U D" Oaks, Rapp and Leedy killed or mortally wounded. Company "E 1 Wm. Calkins, George I lines and Lucius II. Knapp killed or mortally wounded. Company U F" -William F. Kearnes, Boyer, Pitman and James Samuels killed or mortally wounded. Company "G" -George Doty, Abram Hight, William D. Little and Nathan Snyder killed or mortally wounded. Company "H" John Finding and James Walker killed or mortally wounded. Company U F Captain James Harland killed. Company "K 11 -John Nerhood, David Tucker and Columbus Duke killed or mortally wounded. (Official report Major R. M. Johnson, Com manding Regiment.) 59 Col. Heath was wounded severely early in the engagement and Major Johnson took com- mand of the Regiment and achieved an enviable reputation for himself by his bravery and efficient conduct in the face of the enemy. The conduct of the brave officers and men of the iooth In diana and its brave commander in taking and holding their position in the face of the enemy s batteries and lines of battle was observed and highly commended by many officers of high rank, who saw the resistless impetuosity with which the Regiment rushed upon the Rebel lines and drove them up the hills, over and to the right of the tunnel, while the main portion of Bragg s army was massed in their front and batteries sup ported by long columns of infantry fired on the men from the sides and tops of the hills above them. Their conduct under a murderous and plunging tire from the enemy above their heads was an example of courage unsurpassed and pro bably unequalled by the conduct of any troops during the Civil War or those of any other time. The Regiment established a reputation on that day which commanded the respect and admira tion of the whole army, and of which every man who belonged to it ought to be proud. On the 26th WQ pursued the retreating Rebel army toward Graysville. The roads were strewn with broken wagons, caisons, dead horses and mules, guns and accoutrements, knap sacks, cast off clothing, pots, skillets, ovens, camp kettles, piles of corn and corn meal and many other things, all indicating that their re treat must have been one of indescribable confu sion. 60 Bragg s Official Report. For the purpose of showing- the Confederate side of this battle, the following is extracted from General Bragg s report to the Rebel Secretary of War: "On Tuesday, the 24th, they threw a heavy force over the river at the mouth of Chica- mauga. I visited our right and made disposi tions to meet the new r development in that direc tion. I returned to the left and found heavy cannonading going on on the slope of Lookout Mountain. A heavy force soon advanced. WalthalTs Brigade made a desperate resistance but was forced to yield. "On the 25th I visited the extreme right, commanded by General Ilardee. A heavy force in hne of battle confronted our left and center. * * The enemy formed their lines with great deliberation, just out of range of our guns and in plain view. Though we were outnumbered, such was the strength of our position that no doubt was entertained of our ability to hold it. 11 (Serial 55, p. 665.) "Several attempts on our extreme right had been handsomely repulsed. About 3. 30 the Federals in front of our left and center advanced in their lines. Our batteries opened upon them. In a short time the roar of musketry became very heavy and it soon became apparent that they were repulsed. While riding along the crest, congratulating the troups, intelligence reached me that our line was broken on the right and that the enemy had crowned the ridge. As sistance was dispatched. General Bates found the disaster so great that his small force could not repair it. About this time the extreme left gave way and my position was almost sur- 61 rounded. Cheatham formed and checked the enemy. 11 (Serial 55, p. 665). All to the left was entirely routed and in rapid flight, nearly all the artillery having been shamefully abandoned by its infantry sup port. * * A panie, such as I never before witnessed, seemed to have seized upon officers and men, and each seemed to be struggling for his personal safety, regardless of his duty or his character. * * In this distressing and alarm ing state of affairs, orders were sent to Ilardee and Breckinridge to retire upon the depot at Chicamauga, * * which they did in good or der, * * the routed left made its way back in great disorder. 11 (Serial 55, p. 665.) "No satisfactory excuse can possibly be given for the shameful conduct of our troops. * * The position was one which ought to have been held by a line of skirmishers against any assault ing column. 11 (Offiicial Report Braxton Bragg, Serial ^5, p. 666). The abuse of the Confederate soldiers by General Bragg, contained in the above extracts from his official report, was probably made to draw the attention of his government away from the fatal mistakes he had made in sending his cavalry away, detaching Longstreet s Corps of 23,000 men, and in massing his whole army in front of the 4th Division of the i ^th Army Corps, thus weakening his centre so that it was no match o for the veterans of the 4th and I4th Army Corps, who broke through the lines at that point and routed his army. 62 The March From Chattanooga to Knoxville. On the 29th of November, 1863, we received orders to march to Knoxville, Tennessee, distant about 125 miles, to relieve the army commanded by General Burnside, it having been officially re ported that Longstreet s Corps of the Confeder ate army had laid siege to that place on its re turn from the field of Chicamauga to Virginia, and that the garrison was in a starving condition and could hold out but a few days longer. Accordingly, on the morning of the 29th, two Divisions of the I5th Army Corps, under General Blair, marched from our camp, near Graysville, Georgia, by way of JulieiVs Gap and Oltewa to Cleveland, Tennessee, a distance of thirty miles. The 4th Army Corps, under Gen- Howard, and General Davis 1 Division of the i4th Army Corps made substantially the same march, and we all encamped at Cleveland that night, which was cold and frosty. We halted where rails were plenty, and suffered but little from the cold. On the next day we destroyed railroad ties and iron until n A. M., at which time we marched toward Knoxville until we had crossed the Hia- wassee River and encamped near Charleston, Ten nessee, on the East Tennessee and Virginia rail road. On the ist of December we marched from Charleston to Athens, Tennessee, about sixteen miles; the whole army moved early on the 2cl. The looth Indiana passed the entire army and took a position in advance, marched all day and until midnight, when we made some coffee and rested until break of day, when we again took 63 the advance as far as the Holston River at Morgan - town. There was some cannonading at Lowdon that day, some miles below. The Rebels had burned the ferry at Morgantown, the current was swift, the water from two to rive or six feet deep and perhaps ^oo feet wide. We tore down some houses in the town, and a large force began to build a bridge across the river. The men worked all night, and at 2 p. M., on the 4th, the looth Indiana had crossed over on the bridge and bivouacked on the high hill above the village. Batteries, teams and troops were passing over the bridge nearly all night. By morning the i ^th Corps was over, and on the c;th we marched early, the looth Indiana in advance. We marched at a lively pace. Never saw a Rebel during the day, although we passed their burning camp fires. The first halt worthy of note was at Mary- ville, Blunt county, 17 miles from Morgantown and 13 miles from Knoxville. Here we learned that Longstreet had suffered a disastrous defeat and had raised the siege and fled toward East Tennessee and Virginia, from whence he came. No account of the siege of Knoxville can be given here for lack of space, except an extract from the official report of General Burnside, de scribing the assault on Fort Sanders. The besieged army numbered about 12,000, the besiegers about 23,000. On the 24th of No vember, 1863, Longstreet crossed his forces to the south side of the Holston River. On the 28th he was active on both sides of that stream. At 10 A. M. he drove in the Union pickets and es- lished his line within eighty yards of Fort San ders . 64 "On the 29th, at about 6:30 A. M., the enemy opened a furious lire on the fort. Our batteries remained silent and the men quietly awaited the attack. * * In twenty minutes the cannonading eeased and a fire of musketry was opened by the enemy. * * A heavy column charged on the bastions at a run. Great numbers of them fell in passing over the entangle ments. * * In two or three minutes they had reached the ditch and attempted to seale the parapet. Our guns opened on the men in the ditch with tripple rounds of canister, and our in fantry shot or knocked back all those whose heads appeared above the parapet. * * The first column w r as reinforced by a second, which pushed up to the fort as desperately as the first, but were driven back with great slaughter; most of those who reached the ditch were killed or mortally wounded. * * The ground between the fort and the crest was strewed with the dead and the wounded, who were crying for help. After the repulse was fully established, I ten dered to the enemy a flag of truce for the pur pose of burying the dead and caring for the wounded. His loss was certainly a thousand. Ours but thirteen." A. E. Burnside. (Serial 54, p. 277.) The flarch From Knoxville, to Alabama via Chattanooga. At this date the looth Indiana and many other Regiments in the i5th Army Corps had drawn little or no rations since the 23d of No- 65 vember. Oa the jth we received orders to march, which we did early, making twelve miles by noon, on the same road back to Morgantown, at which time we halted for dinner, and ate up all the provisions we had; every haversack was empty. After this rest we sent out some foraging parties and marched on to Morgantown, live miles and bivouacked for the night on the north side of the Holston. The foragers brought in some chickens, some beans and meal. On the 8th we crossed the river on our bridge, as the soldiers called it. We then bore to the left to ward the Chiliko and strawberry plains. The men of the looth said they owned some farms over in that country which they had not seen for a long time and w^ere going over there to collect the rent of some Johnnies they had rented to. It rained very hard during that day, but the men secured some flour and other provisions, so that each company had something to eat. On the 9th we moved slowly, encamped four miles north of Madisonville, Tennessee. Our foragers went east toward the Smoky Mountains, which were in plain view, and secured flour and corn meal and some fine pigs, and then we did have a feast. Although we did not have enough to satisfy the men, yet any quantity under the circumstances would have been a feast. On the loth we came to a farm which had apparently escaped the rav ages of the Confederate cavalry. We drove away all the sheep and cattle the Rebel (he was a Reb.) had, and Col. Johnson detailed Company "A" to drive the stock. Before leaving the place the men of that Company loaded them selves with chickens and turkeys, The other ee Regiments in the Brigade got no forage and an order was made that our forage should be divided with them, under the supervision of the provost marshall, who ordered Company "A n to turn in their load of poultry. About a mile from camp we halted and every soldier of Company 44 A" picked all the feathers off and cleaned his poultry, rolled it up in his poncho, slung this over his shoulder and marched in. On our ar rival at camp no poultry was visible and that Company and not the provost marshall ate those chickens and turkeys that night and the next day. We marched sixteen miles that day and went into camp at Athens, Tennessee. On the nth we remained in camp. We looked the country over for forage but it was barren of everything, and we were again short of rations. During the day Sergeant James L. Drake, of Company U E, " died. On the izth the men were all hungry. We remained in camp. The cold rain poured down incessantly. We tore down some houses and made long sheds to keep the rain off. We obtained some wheat bran at a mill and this was divided up among some of the com panies a tin cup full to each man. We boiled this in tin cans and ate it. On the i^th we still remained in camp. The foragers brought in some flour and pork. The cold rain fell all day. On the morning of the i4th, at 8 A. M., we marched to Charleston, Tennessee, on the Iliawassee River. The foragers got some corn meal which helped us greatly. On the i5th we marched one mile west of Cleveland and went into camp. It rained hard all day; the men were all cold, wet and hungry. On the i6th we marched through Oltewa and went into camp, 67 Most of the men were in the rain all night. On the i yth we marched in the deep mud down to the bridge near the mouth of Chicamauga Creek. Several trains of army wagons were waiting to eross. A great many teams were mired down. We moved over and encamped near the place where we formed in line to make the assault on Missionary Ridge, across the open plains, on the 25th of November. Along the line occupied by the looth Indiana, near the railroad track, be tween the old water tanks and the 9oth Illinois on our left, there were spots of coagulated blood all along in the short grass on the ground, mak ing the line very plainly visible all along. Shells and shot were lying over the ground, and many holes were in the surface, where the plunging shells of the Confederates had entered the ground and exploded, leaving great holes. Besides there were many other evidences of the dreadful struggle which took place on that bloody field. On that evening we drew half rations- for three days; the first regular issue of rations we had had for twenty-three days. On the i8th, at 9 A. M., we marched through Chattanooga, passed under Point Lookout, followed the line of the M. & C. railroad to Whiteside tunnel and encamped there. That evening Christian Cramer, of Com pany "A" by permission dropped out of the ranks and was never afterwards heard of. On the 1 9th we marched to Bridgeport, Alabama, and drew some clothing, which the men needed very badly. We also received our mail, the first for more than a month, drew our pay, and on the 24th we marched to Stevenson and on the 26th to Scottsboro, Alabama, and went into camp. 68 %P?J_ Vi^ > The 26th Illinois and the rooth Indiana were on the left, and the 9oth Illinois and i2th Indiana on the right. One week later the looth moved to Bellefont Station, Alabama. This elosed a march of more than 350 miles since the battle of Missionary Ridge, on half rations or less all the time, in cold or rainy weather, in a country stripped of all kinds of products, and upon roads which with any other army or any other com mander would have been deemed impossible. By an order of the General commanding, the looth Indiana was directed to place "Knoxville 11 on its Mag, because the regiment marched to the relief of the besieged garrison. Recapitulation, 1863. Beginning with the engagement on January ist, at Galveston, Texas, and ending with the four engagements of Greenville, North Caro lina, St. Augustine, Fla., Waldron, Arkansas, and Matagorda Bay, Texas, on December 30, 1863. There were fought during that year six hundred and twenty -seven (627) battles and skirmishes, the more important of which, to gether with the losses on each side are as follows: LOSS LOSS NAMES OF BATTLES. FED. CON. Stone River, Dec. 31, 62, to Jan. 2d 13,249 10,270 Arkansas Post, Jan. 11, 1863 1,060 5,500 Port Gibson, Miss., May 1, 1863 875 1,650 Chancellorsville, May 1st to 4th, K. cS; W 11,368 12,764 Champion Hill, Miss., May Id, 1863 2,441 4,3$0 Yicksburg, Miss,, May 18th to July 4th 4,536 31,227 Port Hudson. Miss., May 27th to July 10th 3,000 7,208 Gettysburg, Pa., July 1st to 3d 23,186 31,621 Chicamauga, Ga., Sept. 19th to 20th 15,851 17,804 Mission Ridge and Lookout Mt., Nov. 23-25 5,382 8,684 71 The following Regiments of the i^th Army Corps sustained the greatest loss in the Battle of Missionary Ridge. The First Brigade, Col. John Mason Loomis, of the 26th Illinois, eom- mandin, as follows: KLI). i ooth Indiana ........ 20 c)oth Illinois .......... 10 26th Illinois .......... 10 1 2th Indiana ......... 10 15 94 82 50 TOTL. 137 117 9^ 62 Totals .......... 50 341 1 8 409 Seeond Brigade, 4th Division, i c;th A. C., Gen eral Corse. KLI). Illinois .......... 15 4oth Illinois .......... 7 46th Ohio ............ 4 6th Iowa ............ 8 75 43 35 57 210 .MISS o i i o 40 Totals ......... 34 210 2 246 The greatest battles of the year 1863 were: Stone River, Chancellorsville, Vicksburg, Port Hudson, Gettysburg, Chieamauga and Mission ary Ridge. In these seven engagements the Confederates lost a total ot 119,578 men. The losses sustained in the same engagements by the Federal army were 78,572, a difference of 41,006 in favor of the latter. The Confederates lost at Arkansas Post, 5,500; the Federal loss in that engagement was 1,060. This single item equals the number of Federal prisoners captured at Chancellorsville. Many other sanguinary con flicts took plaee between the contending armies, in which militar advantaes were lost and won. In many of these the Confederates were the vic tors, but upon the whole they lost severely in strength and position. As to the latter, when thev were driven from one fortress they could easily retreat to another, but when they lost in strength, the loss was irreparable, for nearly all the men of the South, who were liable to military duty, were in their armies already. A vast amount of territory was wrenched from the Con federates during the year 1863, but the loss of territory was not so serious to them as the loss of men. There was little or no hope for the Con federate cause after Vicksburg and Gettysburg. The result of the latter was the forerunner of ul timate defeat. Winter Quarters, 1863=4, at Bellefonte, Alabama. During the time we were in camp at Belle fonte, Alabama, perhaps no Regiment in the United States service led a more strictly military life. The duties we had to perform were to pa trol the M. & C. R. R. half way to Scottsboro and Stevenson respectively, and to keep a gen eral lookout for predator) bodies of the enemy. We had large, beautiful parade grounds, kept perfectly clean and covered with tine cedar trees, in regular rows; had good water, plenty to eat, mails and newspapers regularly; quarters artistically arranged and kept scrupulously clean. Revielle at 5:1^ A - M " which in the winter time was long before daylight. At this hour every company came to the color line on the double quick and in the darkness. The Regiment was then put through battalion drill for one hour by Col. R. M. Johnson, who was a consumate drill master. The Regiment became so proficient that it could perform every field evolution in the tactics in the dark better than any Regiment in the United States service and was probably second to none, in a daylight drill. These evolutions were performed on the double quick, in answer to the commands of Col. Johnson, given from 74 Maj. Gen l W. T. Sherman. a war times photograph.) any part of the field, whether the Regiment was in sight or not. It must be admitted that such a camp life was rather heroic and exacting upon the men, yet it was eminently proper; the exercise kept the men in health we had no sick. It greatly increased the efficiency of the Regiment and was for the good of the service. Nothing creates a disposition in a soldier not to move any quicker than idleness and inac tion. The efficiency of all the Federal armies were greatly increased during the winter and the Confederates put forth the utmost exertions to to increase their armies in number and discipline, for the struggle which was sure to come during the summer of 1864. Strength and Position of the Federal Army, May i, 1864. As the great struggle for supremacy was to take place during the summer of 1864, the reader ought to possess some information relating to the location and position of the two armies and their respective strength to enable him to form correct conclusions as to the military results, of the bat tles fought during that year, to understand the strategy pursued beyond, or the tactics within the reach of each others guns by the command ers respectively, and to judge of the merits of any officer or the troops under his command; and of the advantages which the lield gave to the one and the difficulties to be overcome by the other, it is deemed proper for this purpose to in sert in this place an extract from the official re- 77 port of General Sherman wherein these matters are fully set forth (Serial 72, p. 63), also an ex tract from the official report of General Joseph E. Johnston, C. S. A., for the same purpose (Serial 74, p. 615), the former being as follows: "During the month of April I received from Lieutenant-General Grant a map, with a letter of instructions. Subsequently I received from him notice that he would move from his camp about Culpepper, Virginia, on the 5th of May, and he wanted me to do the same from Chatta nooga. My troops were still dispersed and the cavalry, so necessary to our success, was yet collecting horses at Nicholas ville, Kentucky, and Columbia, Tennessee. "On the 27th of April I put all the troops in motion towards Chattanooga, and on the next day went there in person. My aim and purpose was to make the army of the Cumberland 50,000 men, that of the Tennessee 35,000, and that of the Ohio 15,000. These figures were approxi mated but never reached, and the Army of the Tennessee failed to receive certain Divisions that were still kept on the Mississippi River, resulting from the unfavorable issue of the Red River ex pedition. But on the ist of May the effective strength of the several armies for offensive pur poses was about as follows: "Army of the Cumberland Major-General Thomas, commanding. Infantry, 54,568; ar tillery, 2,377; rivalry, 3? S 2 ^- Total, 60,773; guns, 130. "Army of the Tennessee Major- General McPherson, commanding. Infantry, 22,437; ar tillery, 1,404; cavalry, 624. Total, 24,465; guns, 96, 78 "Army of the Ohio Major- General Scho- fielcl, commanding. Infantry, 11,183; artillery, 679; cavalry, 1,697. Total, 13,359; g uns > 2 ^- "Grand aggregate Troops, 98,797; guns 254. About these figures have been maintained during the campaign, the number of men joining from furlough and hospitals about compensating for the loss in battle and from sickness. "These armies were grouped on the morn ing of May 6, 1864, as follows: That of the Cumberland at and near Ringgold; that of the Tennessee at Gordon s Mills on the Chicamauga, and that of the Ohio near Red Clay, on the Georgia line, north of Dalton. The enemy lay near and in Dalton, superior to me in cavalry, and with three corps of infantry and artillery, viz: Hardee s, Hood s and Folk s and the whole commanded by General Joe Johnson of the Con- ferate army. I estimated the cavalry under Wheeler at about 10,000 and the infantry and artillery about 50,000 men. To strike Dalton in front was impracticable, as it was covered by an inaccessible ridge, known as the Rocky Face, through which was a pass between Tunnel Hill and Dalton, known as the Buzzard Roost, through which lay the railroad and wagon road. It was narrow, well obstructed by abatis and flooded by water, caused by dams across Mill Creek. Batteries also commanded it in its whole length, from the spurs on either side, and more especially from the ridge at the farther side, like a traverse directly across its debouche. It was, therefore, necessary to turn it. On its north front the enemy had a strong line of works behind Mill Creek, so that my attention was at once di rected to the south. In that direction I found 79 Snake Creek Gap affording me a good practica ble way to reach Resaca, a point on the enemy 11 s railroad line of communication, eighteen miles below Dalton. Accordingly I ordered General McPherson to move rapidly from his position at Gordon s Mills, via Ship s Gap, Villanow and Snake Creek Gap, directly on Resaca, or the railroad at any point below Dalton, and to make a bold attack. After breaking the railroad well, he was ordered to fall back to a strong defensive position near Snake Creek, and stand ready to fall on the enemy s flank when he retreated, as I judged he would. During the movement Gen eral Thomas was to make a strong feint of attack in front, while General Schotield pressed down from the north." (General Sherman s Report; Serial 72, p. 63.) Strength and Position of the Confederate Army, Hay i, 1864. On December 18, 1863, less than one month after the defeat of the Confederate army by us at Mission Ridge, General Bragg left it and Gen eral Joseph E. Johnson took command, and the following is an extract from his official report, from that time until we moved against him about May ist to yth, 1864, showing the position and strength of the Rebel army made to General S. Cooper, Richmond, Va., the Confederate Secre tary of War, as follows: "I have the honor to make the following re port of the operations of the Army of the Ten nessee while it was under my command. Want 80 of the reports of the Lieutenant- Generals, for which 1 have waited until now, prevents me from being circumstantial. In obedience to the orders of the President, received by telegraph at Clin ton, Mississippi, December 18, 1863, I assumed command of the Army of the Tennessee at Dai- ton on the 2 7 th of that month. Letters from the President and Secretary of War, dated, re spectively, December 23d and 2oth, impressed upon me the importance of soon commencing ac tive operations against the enemy. The relative forces, including the moral effect of the affair at Missionary Ridge, condition of the artillery horses and most of those of the cavalry, and want of field transportation, made it impracticable to effect the wishes of the Executive. "On December ^ist, the effective total of the infantry and artillery of the army, including two Brigades belonging to the Department of the Mississippi, was 36,826. The effective total of the cavalry, including Rodney s command at Tuscumbia, was 5,613. The Federal force in our front, inclusive of cavalry and the Ninth and Twenty-third Corps at Knoxville, was esti mated at cSo,oco. The winter was mainly em ployed jn improving the discipline and equipment of the army and bringing back absentees to the ranks. At the end of April more than 5,000 had rejoined their Regiments. "On the ist of May I reported the enemy about to advance. On the 2d Brigadier-General Mercer s command arrived about 1,400 effect ive infantry. On the 4th I expressed myself sat isfied that the enemy was about to attack with his united forces, and again urged that a part of Lieutenant- General Polk s troops should be put 81 at my disposal. I was informed by General Bragg that orders to that effect were given. Major-General Martin, whose Division of cavalry coming from East Tennessee, had been halted on the Etowah to recruit its horses, was ordered with it to observe the Oostenaula from Resaca to Rome. Brigadier-General Kelley was ordered with his command from the neighborhood of Re saca to report to Major- General Wheeler. The effective artillery and infantry of the Army of Tennessee, after the arrival of Mercer s Brigade, amounted to 40,900; the effective cavalry to about 4,600. Major- General Sherman s army was composed of that of the Missionary Ridge, then 80,000, increased by several thousand re cruits; ^,000 men under Ilovey; the Twenty - third Corps (Schorield s) from Knoxville, and two Divisions of the Sixteenth from North Ala bama. Major- General Wheeler estimated the cavalry of that army at 15,000. "On the 5th of May this army was in line between Ringgolcl and Tunnel I Till, and after skirmishing on that and the following day, on 7th pressed back our advance troops to Mill Creek Gap. On the same day Brigadier- General Cantey reached Resaca with his Brigade and was halted there." (Official report of General Joseph E. Johnston, Serial 74, page 615.) The looth Indiana in the Atlanta Campaign, 1864 120 Days Constant Fighting. On the morning of May ist the looth In diana left its beautiful camp at Bellefonte and on 82 the 2(] joined the 26th and yoth Illinois and the i 2th Indiana, composing the First Brigade, Col. Rcub Williams, 4th Division, General Harrow, 1 5th Army Corps, General John A. Logan, des tined for the front. The looth had at that time 450 men. The Brigade marched through Ste venson, Alabama, on the 2d and encamped at noon on Crow Creek. At this point Col. John Mason Loomis, who had commanded us for about a year and a half, and who had been with us so long under such trying conditions, that we had all learned to love him, took a final leave of us and Col. Reuben Williams took command of the Brigade. On the 3d we had reveille at 3 A. M., marched at 4, crossed the Tennessee River and encamped. On the 4th we marched at 7 A. M. to Whiteside, over a rough, mountain ous road and encamped at 2 p. M. On the 5th our Brigade brought up the rear. We marched on the railroad under Point Lookout, then we bore to the right, passing between Mission Ridge and Lookout Mountain and encamped near Ross- ville, Georgia. Here we sent our tents and baggage to the rear. On the 6th we marched over roads, which were fairly good from Ross- ville, directly to Crawfish Springs. On the /th the looth Indiana took the advance. We crossed the South Chicamauga at Glass Mill, at 10 o clock, and at 11:30 A. M. we went into camp, and the 2cl Division and other troops passed to the front, where an engagement was then going on. On the 8th the xooth remained in camp un til noon, to allow the trains to pass. We then covered the rear, crossed Taylor s Ridge at 6 o^lock that evening and encamped in Chestnut 83 Valley. During the day the 4th Corps engaged the Rebels under Reynolds and Granberry, on the heights of Bu/zard Roost and Rocky Face Ridge and a portion of the i5th Corps drove the Rebel cavalry out of Snake Creek Gap. (Serial 7 2 > P-^3.) The battle of Dalton was fought on the 9th. On that day we made no move, but the 23d Corps drove the Confederates nearly to Dalton and the 4th and i4th Corps pressed them very hard on Rocky Face Ridge. The whole country is very rough and the Confederates were occupying the passes, gaps and fastnesses, some of which were so strongly fortified as to be almost impregnable. On the loth the looth Indiana marched to Sugar Valley and on the next day took a posi tion assigned us, on the front and fortified all night and until daylight on the i2th, when we found that we were in front of the enemy s line of heavy works, in Snake Creek Gap, to the northwest of Resaca. The looth Indiana in the Battle of Resaca- On information that the Rebels were evacu ating their front several miles to the north and massing in our front, at 5 A. M. on the I3th, we moved against him to a cross-road in his front O and near Resaca. The 2cl Brigade was placed on the advanced line and our Brigade on a line in its support; but the looth Indiana was quickly ordered to take a position in line of battle with the first Division. Some firing was then going 84 on in our front. The movement was performed by the looth with alacrity. Company lt B," about tifty men, were then sent forward as a strong skirmish line, under Captain Fast, and joined in with the Brigade skirmish line, under Major Johnson of the looth Indiana, who had command of the entire Brigade skirmish line at that time. (74, p. 278.) Behind this line of skirmishers the move ment ordered was successfully made. About noon an order came to move forward in line of battle. This was done in a perfect manner, through a wooded thicket, to an open field di rectly in front of the first line of Confederate works. The looth, in common with the general line of battle, formed in the edge of the wood, at the edge of the field, right at the crest of the hill. The skirmish line under Major Johnson, in the mean time, kept driving the enemy s line of skirmishers before them. During all this time the enemy kept up a furious canonade with both shot and shell, not only on General Osterhaus 1 line, but the entire length of the icoth Regiment. But notwith standing that, our line of skirmishers continued to advance and finally drove the Rebels from their outer line of works without the line of battle pro per becoming engaged. Seeing this, the Brig ade commander ordered the line of skirmishers of the looth, which was Company U B," to be reinforced. Companies U C" and U D" deployed and the three Companies advanced, and the Regiment followed, in line of Battle, across the open field, drove the Rebels from the wood cov ered hill, on the right of the works we had just taken, and took a position some distance to the 85 left and facing the enemy s works, which w^as quickly accomplished and was held until about 6 p. M., when the looth was relieved and ordered to face back, having successfully performed every duty required of it throughout the day and under a severe artillery tire. The officers and soldiers bore themselves bravely during the time. We went into camp, in the field we drove the enemy from, and at 7 A. M. on the i4th we moved to the right to support the 2d Division, if need be, where w r e remained in line during the night of the 1 4th and i5th. The Rebels had about 70,000 men engaged in this battle. The 4th, r4th and 2oth Corps, and the i v Sth, i6th and 23d Corps were all more or less engaged, and there was some severe fighting. The Confed erates retreated during the night of the I5th across the Oostenaula River. Captain Fast was the first one who entered the enemy s works. All of the officers of the Regiment conducted themselves gallantly and dis charged their whole duty. The following is a list of "casualties" in the regiment before Re- saca, Ga. : MAY 13, 1864. Hammond Frees, , "A," wounded in thigh; severe. John I). Yanlear, , "A," wounded in arm; slight. Benjamin F. Bolinger, , <- A," wounded in leg; slight. Henry M. Scott, Corporal, "B," wounded in arm; severe. George French, Private, "B," wounded in leg; severe. William Davis, Private, "B," wounded in hand; slight. Isaac Myers, Private, "D," wounded in arm; severe. Samuel Gerrard, Private, "G," wounded in hand; slight. Con. Bowen, Corporal, "G," wounded hip; slight. James Hillis, Private, "I," wounded in back; slight. John Murphy, Private "I," wounded in hip; slight. Noah T. Catterlin, 1st Lt.. "I," wounded in breast; slight. David N. Pugh, Private, "K," wounded in shoulder; slight. Zachariah Pollard, Corporal, "K," wounded in wrist; slight. On the morning of the i6th we moved with 86 the army in pursuit. During this engagement, the looth had 14 men and one officer wounded. In this engagement the Confederates lost 3,000 men. The fighting in front of the 4th Corps was very determined. Our loss was 2,600. The Confederates fought mainly from behind breastworks. The looth Indiana marched in pursuit at 1 1 A. M., and went into camp at 8 P. M., on Oostenaula Creek. The strength of the Confederate Army at the battle of Resaca, was as follows: Confederate Army, as at Dalton 52,990 Additions to Hardee s and Hood s Corps.. 5,000 Arrival of Mercer s Brigade, May 2d. . . . 2,800 Arrival of Loring s Division, May i2th. . 5,145 Arrival of Canter s Division, May 8th.. 5,300 Total 71,235 We had now driven the Rebels out of the gaps and passes and from the hills and mountain tops, which they had been fortifying for half a year and which they deemed impregnable. On the 1 7th the looth guarded the wagon train, and went into camp at midnight, having marched twelve miles. On the i8th it joined the Brigade early in the morning, marched fourteen miles and en camped on the Burnley plantation at 7 P. M. The men were all very tired; sun very hot. On the I9th we marched with the column nine miles and encamped at Kingston, where we remained in camp, on the 2oth, 2ist and 22d, during which time the 2oth A. C. engaged the Confederates at Cassville, Georgia, and on that day they retreated across the Etowah River, On the 230! we broke camp early and marched in the direction of Dallas, about twenty miles. The weather was very hot, but the men were healthy. On the 24th we continued in the same direction about eight miles and encamped in the mountains. On the 25th the Brigade acted as train guards. We marched all night, over very bad roads and went into camp on Pumpkinvine Creek at 3 A. M., having marched only ten miles. On the 26th the looth guarded the train during the day and marched all night; only made rive miles. We halted within one mile of Dallas, Georgia, where we arrived at 4 A. M. on the 2 yth, and at 7 A. M. we were ordered to take a position on the advance line of battle, directly in front of the enemy. We moved out promptly for that purpose and took the position assigned us. We were placed on the right of, and refused to a horizontal line, with the 6th Iowa and Com- panies U A," "I" and 11 F" were deployed as skirmishers in front of the Regiment The looth Indiana in the Battle of Dallas, Georgia. At noon there were indications of an assault on our line by the enemy. The Regiment was without any works, for which reason the skir mish line was reinforced by Companies "B ? and U C." At one o clock the Confederates sent for ward and attacked us with a heavy skirmish line. This was repulsed by the above named companies on the skirmish line, during which we had seven men and one officer wounded. After this assault the Regiment fortified it self strongly, and on the 2 8th the skirmish line was made still stronger. About half past 3 P.M. the enemy raised a yell on his front and charged our line of skirmishers with a heavy line of bat tle, and steadily pressed them baek until they had reached our main line, which they then attacked with great spirit and charged upon us with deaf ening yells. The men of the looth fought gal lantly in this action and repulsed the Rebels with great loss. Being protected by works, w r e only lost three killed and fourteen wounded. The Confederates carried away most of their dead and a great many of their severely wounded, but we hastily buried a large number in our front. The attack lasted half an hour. This is what we usually call the Battle of Dallas. The Confederates met with a bloody repulse in the engagement. The brunt of this battle was borne by the looth Indiana, as it occupied the only ground over which a charge could be made by the enemy. On the 29th of May there were some indi cations that the enemy were about to evacuate the works in our front. To settle this question in the minds of the officers, the looth Indiana was directed by the General to advance its line far enough to ascertain whether the enemy remained in his fortifications in force or not. This we did, the enemy showing a strong line in his works. We received the praise of the General, but lost three men in the attempt, and on the 3oth we repeated the experiment and lost two more men . On the 3 1st we remained in camp. On June ist, at 4 A. M., the looth aban- 89 doned its line and moved about seven miles to the left, to a point near New Hope Church, entered the front line and relieved a Regiment of the 2oth Corps. We lost two men in doing this. The bullets flew thick and fast over this ground. From May 25th to June 4th, there was severe and constant fighting at New Hope Church, burned Hickory and on Pumpkin Vine Creek by the 4th, the i4th and 2oth Corps and by the 23d, i5th and 1 7th Corps, some of which was very sanguinary. On the 2d we were in reserve. On the 3d we were ordered to advance on the main line sixty yards. This movement was neatly and successfully performed with the loss of one man, and resulted in forcing the Rebel army to evacuate all of the Altoona pass, without fighting them at that place. On the 4th we remained in camp, in the works, and as the Rebel army was very strongly fortified at New Hope Church too strongly for us to assault we just marched away and left them in their works, and moved around to their right, and during the night the Confederates, being forced to do so, abandoned their position and retreated further south. At midnight on the 5th the army moved rapidly to the left again and rested until daylight on the 6th, when we again moved six miles and went into camp near Ac- worth, Georgia, where we remained during the yth, 8th and 9th of June. Altoona Pass was, on the 6th, adopted as a base of supplies. On the loth of June we marched six miles to Big Shanty, a station on the railroad north west of Kenesaw. The looth took a position fronting Kenesaw and fortified during the entire night. On the morning of the nth our lines were close up to the enemy, and during the i2th, GO and 1 4th we remained quiet, except con tinual skirmishing. A severe engagement was fought at Pine Mountain during the day. There was sharp canonading in front of General How ard and Hooker s line, and a canon shot from Captain Simonson s Indiana Battery killed Lieu- tenant-General Polk of the Confederate army, then standing in an exposed place on Pine Moun tain. Johnson, Ilardee and Polk were standing together at the time. Loring succeeded to the command of Polkas Corps. Our Signal Corps had the key to the Rebel signals and it was known at once in our army that General Polk was killed. During the night the Rebel army retreated from the mountain tops again to the southward, and on the morning of the 1 5th of June Pine Mountain was found abandoned by the enemy, and at n A. M. the looth Indiana moved rapidly to the left and supported the 2cl Brigade in an encounter with the rear of the fleeing Rebel army. We attacked them savagely and killed, wounded and captured a great many of them. General Logan says that on the i^th he moved General Harrow s command to the extreme left. Walcott, Williams and Oliver s Brigades charged gallantly against the enemy, killing and wound ing many and capturing 350 prisoners, twenty- two of whom were commissioned officers. Our loss was forty-five killed and wounded. (Logan s Official Report.) Early on the i6th the i/j-th and 23d Corps advanced and fought the Confederate army, which was again strongly entrenched along the rugged hills, between Kenesaw and Lost Moun tain. At the same time we advanced and gained 91 some good positions. The 2oth Corps had a bloody engagement at Golgotha, and a portion of the 1 6th Corps defeated a Rebel force at Rome Cross Roads. June ijth, 1864. On the 1 7th, the enemy abandoned Lost Mountain and the long line of admirable breast works connecting it with Kenesaw. We con tinued to press at all points, skirmishing in dense forests of timber and across deep ravines, until we found him again, strongly posted and intrenched, with Kenesaw as his salient, his right wing thrown back, so as to cover Marietta, and his left behind Noyes Creek, covering his rail road back to the Chattahoochee. This enabled him to contract his lines and strengthen them ac cordingly. From Kenesaw he could look down on our camps and observe every movement and his batteries thundered away, but did us but little harm, on account of their extreme height, the shot and shell passing harmlessly over our heads, as we lay up close against his mountain town. During our operations about Kenesaw, the weather was villainously bad, the rain fell almost continually for three weeks, rendering our narrow wooded roads mere mud gullies, so that a general movement was impossible, but our men daily worked closer and closer to our entrenched foe and kept up an incessant picket tiring, galling to him. Every opportunity was taken to ad vance our general lines closer and closer to the enemy, General McPherson watching the enemy 02 on Kenesaw and working his left forward, Gen eral Thomas swinging as it were on a grand left wheel, his left on Kenesaw, connecting with Gen eral McPherson and General Schorield all the while, working to the south and east along the Sandtown road." (Sherman s Report). On the 1 9th, the Rebel Army abandoned their very strong line of works and took up a new r line, about two miles to the rear. The right of Hood s Corps was on the Marietta and Canton road, Loring s Corps \vas on Kenesaw Mountain and Hardee s Corps on Lost Mountain, with its left across the Marietta and Lost Mountain road. We closed up on their lines rapidly and intrenched at the base of the mountain and kept up an inces sant skirmish fire, by which a great many of the enemy were killed and wounded, \vhile at Pine Knob the contest w r as a veritable battle. On the 2oth the enemy were sorely pressed by the constant firing of our men and at Powder Springs, by the 2oth Corps and the Cavalry. From the 2oth till the 25th we continued to push forward our skirmishers up the side of the moun tain, driving those of the enemy before us who occupied rifle pits on the slope. On the 24th we attempted to gain the summit by a double line of skirmishers, but the enemy was found in very strong works and the effort failed. On the 22d Hood s Corps attacked the lines of Generals Hooker and Schofield at a place now kno\vn as Kolb s House, but was repulsed with dreadful slaughter, leaving a vast number of dead and wounded on the field. On the 24th General Sherman made an or der to assault the enemy on Kenesaw Mountain. On the 25th the looth Indiana moved two 93 miles to the right, with the Brigade, and re lieved a Division of the i-jth Corps on the line of battle, and on the 26th the other two Divisions of the 1 5th (our Corps) moved over and took posi tion with us. They began the movement at 8 p. M., and though it was only three miles, it was not eompleted until daylight on the 27th. This plaeed us all in line directly under the enemy s Lruns on Little Kenesaw. The looth Indiana in the Assault on Kenesaw, June 27, 1864. The best account of this assault is given in the official report of General Logan, found on page 99, serial 74, a part of which is in the words following: "In pursuance of special field orders No. 51, * * I organized the Division of Brigadier- General M" L. Smith, consisting of Brigadier- General Lightbun-Ts and Brigadier-General Giles A. Smith s Brigades and Col. C. C. Walcott s Brigade of the 4th Division, General Harrow, commanding, into an assaulting column, under command of General M. L. Smith, with orders to be ready at 8 o clock precisely on the morn ing of the 27th, to assault the enemy s works on the south and west slope of Little Kenesaw Mountain. The column for assault being formed, I directed it at 8 o clock precisely to move for ward. Immediately after uncovering themselves they became engaged. The advance was con tinued in two lines steadily, in the face of a de structive fire from three batteries of about twelve pieces, throwing shot and shell, and from a mus ketry tire, from the sharp-shooters of the enemy, situated below the first line of the enemy s rifle pits, and also from the rifle pits. After a most stubborn and destructive resistance, my attacking column succeeded in taking and holding two lines of the enemy s rifle pits, and advanced to ward the succeeding works of the enemy, situ ated just below the crest of the mountain. It soon became evident that the (Rebel) works could not be taken * * on account of a steep declivity, from twenty to twenty-five feet in height, of perpendicular rocks. After vainly attempting to take the works, * I ordered them to retire to the last line of works captured, * * and these were held and forti fied. * * Seven commanding officers of Regi ments were killed or disabled. Our loss was 80 killed, 506 wounded, 17 missing; aggregate, 603. We took 83 prisoners. 1 This assault was a great disaster to the Fed eral army, about 2,500 men were uselessly sac rificed. The enemy lost, about 800. Our men pressed the enemy closely around Kenesaw during the 28th, 29th and 3oth of June. Gen eral Sherman determined to dislodge the enemy from Kenesaw, by other means than by direct assault; accordingly on the ist of July, he or dered General McPherson to move the i5th Army Corps to the right and on the 2nd the movement was begun, in the night time, the looth Indiana having the advance. We marched all night, over rocks and through thick- o o ets, that seemed impregnable, under the guid ance of a staff oflicer, all the time in sight of the Rebel lights on the top and sides of Kenesaw. 95 We were followed by the whole of the I5th and 1 7th Corps, the Confederates were greatly surprised by this move and retreated hastily, from the highest mountain top in Georgia and the strongest military position in the South, halting at Smyrna Church about five miles southwest of Marrieta, where they were found strongly posted behind very formidable works. If this move ment by the right flank had been made instead of the fatal mistake of assaulting the Mountain on the 27th a loss of 2,500 good soldiers would have been saved to us. We followed the Rebel army on the 3rd and encamped near Marrieta. On the 4th we made a forced march of 12 miles further to the right, on the 5th at n A. M. we overtook and engaged the enemy near the Chattahoochee River about 8 miles north of At lanta. We had orders to press the enemy in our entire front, w r hile the 14 Army Corps had orders to move to the right and cross the river at Sand- town west of Atlanta. During the day the Union Army was en gaged with the enemy at Nickajack Creek, Smyrna Camp ground and at Vinings, in all of w r hich the Confederates were routed. On the 6th there was severe skirmishing along the Chat tahoochee and on the yth the i4th Corps crossed at Sandtown and captured a gun and some Rebels and took a strong position on the east side of the River. On the same day Garrard s Cav alry destroyed the factories at Rosswell, which had been making clothing for the Rebel Army. The man who pretended to be the owner of the factor) , run up a French flag and asked protec tion as a Frenchman, but he had been making OG lots of cloth for the Rebels and down came his Mag and his factory. During the night of the yth one-half of the looth skirmished with the en emy, and the other half fortified all night and occupied the works as rapidly as they were built. During the 8th and 9th, the ford at Ross- welTs was secured by the Cavalry and Power s Ferry two miles below Rosswell, was taken; so we had by the 9th secured three good fords on the Chattahoochee and the enemy had again retreat ed, this time across the Chattahoochee and the Union Army, was in possession of all the strong holds between Chattanooga and the Chattahoo chee and was within eight miles of Atlanta and three Corps, were about all across the river. On the loth the looth Indiana was tempo rarily relieved from active duty on the front, in which it had been engaged for about ninety days without intermission, having done more than its share of the hard righting; it was ordered to report at Marietta, Georgia, where we arrived on the nth and went into camp on the ground where is located the national cemetery, at that place, on the eastern edge of the town. The Confederate Army on the nth occupied the high ground on the south of Peach Tree Creek and along the southeast bank of the Chat tahoochee, below the mouth of the former. On the 1 3th the Brigade marched through Marietta. On the i4th it crossed over the Chat tahoochee River and took a position about a mile out from the river and fortified, where it remained until the morning of the lyth, when it moved to the left, in the direction of Decatur, engaged the enemy formed in line of battle and fortified. 99 We first encountered Johnston s Army at or near Ringgold about the 5th of May, and for seventy- three days we had engaged it constantly had driven it out of the mountain gaps and passes where it had fortified itself. We had driven it from the hill sides, the mountain tops and gorges for a distance of a hundred miles, always attack ing it in front or flank, and only the impregnable character of its strongholds and the very excel lent generalship of General Johnston prevented us from killing and capturing his whole army. These results so displeased Jefferson Davis that on the 1 7th day of July he sent a telegram as fol lows to General Johnston: "Richmond, July 17, 1864. "General J. E. Johnston: * * * I am di rected by the Secretary of War to inform you that as you have failed to arrest the advance of the enemy to the vicinity of Atlanta, far in the interior of Georgia, and express no confidence that you can defeat or repel him, you are hereby relieved from the command of the Army, * which you will immediately turn over to General Hood. "S. Cooper, A. and I. General." General Johnston received this dispatch on the night of the i7th. The Confederate War Department telegraphed General Hood as fol lows: "You are charged with a great trust * * * be wary, but no less bold. * * * God be with you. 7 General Johnston delivered a short, but very complimentary farewell address to his soldiers. General Hood expressed an opinion to Jefferson Davis that it was unwise to change commanders 100 at that time. On the iSth he telegraphed Jeffer son Davis that he had assumed command of the Army (Serial 76, pages 885 et seg). On the same clay at 10 A. M., one of our spies who had just come out of Atlanta informed Gen eral Sherman that General J. B. Hood had suc ceeded General Johnston, and General Sherman said that Hood was brave and rash and that the change in commanders meant a right. (Sher man s Memoirs, 2, p. 72.) On the 1 8th Major R. M. Johnson was de tailed on General Harrow s staff and left the Regiment for the front. On the same day the ist Brigade, to which the looth belonged, moved to within one mile of Decatur, to the east of At lanta and went into position and fortified. On the i 9 th the Brigade moved again, passed through Decatur, on the road towards Atlanta About 2 o clock the ist Brigade, Col. Reub Williams, commanding, moved to the support of Morgan L. Smith s Division and was placed on his left. During this time the enemy shelled our line unmercifully. In the evening the other two Brigades came up and went into position on the left, when the whole Division moved forward and took position in front of the enemy and at once fortified. On the 2oth the Army of the Cumberland was assaulted by the Confederate army under the new commander, J. B. Hood, and a bloody bat tle was fought. The enemy made the attack just before 4 p. M. He was driven back into his entrenchments, leaving 500 dead and 1,000 wounded lying on the field. General Sherman estimates the entire loss of the enemy at 5,000. L he Union loss was 1,500 all told. The heaviest 101 loss was sustained by the 2Oth Corps. The en gagement is known as the Battle of Peach Tree Creek. (From Sherman s official report.) The 2ist was spent in caring for the dead and wounded on both sides, and the Union army felt the enemy s lines, which he occupied in force, at an average of about four miles out of Atlanta. Battle of Atlanta. On the morning of the 22d it was found that the enemy had abandoned their line of works in our front and the ist Brigade was ordered to ad vance and take a position in the line of works abandoned by the enemy. At 7 A. M. this was done and the works were reversed so as to front toward the enemy. At noon very heavy firing began in front of the 1 7th Corps on our left, which soon became gen eral and by night fall the Battle of Atlanta had been fought and won by the Union army. This was General Hood s second attack within three days, and is usually denominated Hood s first sortie. The i5th Army Corps bore the brunt of the battle. The fighting in front of Harrow s Division was very severe. The brave and intrepid Major Johnson, of the looth Indiana, had charge of the Division skirmish line, and was surrounded and taken prisoner while bravely do ing his duty in the thickest of the battle. Major Johnson is favorably mentioned for gallantry in the official reports of Generals Harrow, Williams and Col. Heath. lie was taken prisoner very near the spot where General McPherson was killed and under very similar circumstances. 102 In this battle General McPherson, com manding the Arm} of the Tennessee, was killed, to whose memory the highest tributes have been paid. General Logan at once assumed com mand. In his official report, speaking of this battle, he says: "The fighting along the entire line of the Corps (i5th) was of the most desperate charac ter, often being hand to hand. The troops could not have acted more gallantly or behaved better. The losses were on that day 118 killed, 414 wounded, 535 missing; aggregate, 1,067. Th e Corps captured 481 prisoners and buried over 400 dead Confederates in front of their line. n Of the entire Confederate loss in this en gagement, 3, 240 were killed; 2,200 dead were actually counted. 800 dead bodies were deliv ered under a flag of truce, so that their entire loss was not less than 10,000. General Hood makes no mention in his official report of what his losses were, and blames General Hardee for the failure of the attack. The Union loss was 3,722 killed, wounded and missing. (See official report General Sherman; also Hood s official report, Serial 74, p. 631.) On the 26th we placed some batteries in po sition and began to shell the enemy pretty lively. This was kept up all day and at midnight, the Army of the Tennessee left its works on the De- catur road and moved silently, behind the other Corps of the Army, to Proctor s Creek, the i6th Corps formed on the right of the Army, the 1 7th next and the i5th on the extreme right. The line of the latter Corps, facing almost east and being west and southwest of Atlanta. On the night of the 27th, the First Brigade 103 Was halted in the rear of the i6th Corps, whieh was then the left of the Army of the Tennessee, where it remained in line of battle throughout the night. Battle of Ezra Church. On the 28th at daylight, the First Brigade moved to the right about a mile and a half when it was halted and formed in line of battle, to sup port the Third Brigade, Col. Oliver command- ing. This was quickly done, and the whole Di vision then moved forward, through a dense wood and halted at the edge of the timber, with several open rields in our front. The First Brigade was then placed on the right of the Third and the whole line moved to the edge of the rields, at the crest of the hill in front. This was done under a severe tire of ar tillery from the enemy s batteries posted at the further side of the open rields before us. Col. Williams ordered the line to fortify at once. "Scarcely had these orders been given and the men had time to throw up a slight protection, be fore the enemy were reported advancing in force 7 across the fields in our front. "And very soon our skirmishers were driven in, closely followed by the enemy s main line, they were soon repulsed and driven back, but only to come again, with more determination and increased numbers 11 (Col. Reub. Williams Off. Report). The en emy made one assault after another and for six hours, an incessant roar of musketry was kept up and every assault or attempt to drive our 104 men from their position was fruitless. During the battle the 9oth Illinois was taken from its position, to support the Third Brigade which was hard pushed by the enemy at one time. Col. Gilmore of the Twenty-sixth says lt his line was assaulted four times," the fourth assault be ing the most desperate of the day. The enemy were within ten steps of his lines. One hundred and twenty-nine dead Rebels, were buried in front of the Twenty-sixth Illinois, which had forty men killed and wounded. This engagement took place about two and a half miles west of Atlanta, and is called by us the Battle of Ezra Church. The light was es sentially a 1 5th Army Corps battle, although Generals Blair and Dodge rendered valuable as sistance at an opportune time, as the i5th Army Corps was lighting two Corps of the Rebel army. General Logan says, in his official report, that the enemy moved forward in good order, intend ing to break our lines. During the first hour s righting, which was terrific, the enemy lost ten men to our one, but they reformed again and made a most desperate assault. Four assaults were made. The battle lasted from 1 1 130 until dark. The Rebels had one battery, we had none. The Union loss was 50 killed, 439 wounded and 73 missing; total loss, 562. Har row s Division captured 5 battle flags, 2,000 muskets and 179 prisoners. 600 dead Rebels were buried in front of the i5th Corps the next da} 7 . The weather was so hot and the ground so hard that the interment of the bodies was very superficial and many hands and feet were left exposed. General Logan also says in his official re- 105 port, that the enemy ^s loss could not have been less than 6,000 or 7,000. The assault was made by Lee s and Ilardee s entire Corps. This bat tle is denominated Hood s second sortie. His official report of this battle consists of twelve lines, and says nothing about his losses. (Serial 74-631-2.) * Notes of the Battle. The enemy formed on the Lickskillet Road; that is, Johnson s, Sharp s, Brantley s and Mani- gault s Brigades of Hindman s old Division, and assaulted the i5th Army Corps at Ezra Church. These four Brigades lost 807 men. Manigault w^as in reserve. The Confederates fought with great desperation. They seemed determined to drive us off the field, but not an inch was yielded. They did not know that we were there in force until they were almost upon our works. When the i5th Corps turned loose on them Manigault s Brigade stampeded, but it recovered and fought bravely through the battle. Toulman s Confederate Brigade took 1,143 men into the action; 269 were lost. The 25th Alabama took in 173 men; loss 125. Manigault s Brigade, although in reserve part of the time, lost 170 men. The 44th Mississippi u had half their number shot down." The 24th and 29th Mississippi, consolidated, lost 180 out of 430. (Serial 74, official reports.) General Harrow says, in his official report, that u lf the soldiers of the i5th Corps had no other claim to consideration than their efforts on 106 that day (July 28th) it would be enough to en title them to the lasting gratitude of their country. 1 (No. 74, p. 278.) From the 29th of July to August 4th the Union lines were strengthened and in many places advanced. On the latter date Major Brown and sixty soldiers of the 7oth Ohio fell in taking an advanced position from the enemy. On this date the looth Indiana and 26th Illinois were transferred from the ist to the 2d Brigade and the entire 3d added to the first. This gave us only two Brigades in Harrow s Division instead of three. The looth Indiana in the Siege of Atlanta. By this battle, the investment of Atlanta was begun; from the 2nd to the 5th, the Union line was steadily extended to the right. On the 5th General Schofield lost about 400 men, in an effort to break the enemy s lines, on Utoy Creek. On the 6th, General Hascall flanked the en emy out of the position, from which General Schorield had failed to dislodge him. At this time the enemy s lines \vere about fifteen miles long, reaching from Decatur around Atlanta and near ly to East Point and ours was still longer. The enemy had, before crossing the Chattahoochee a total of 86,475 men as follows, at Resaca he had 71,235. Then on May i/th he got Jack son s Cavalry 4,477 at Adairville. French s Division of 4,413 joined on the i8th at Cassville. May 24th the First Alabama (Canty), 650. On the same date Quarles Brigade of 2,400 at New 107 Hope Church, and the Georgia State Militia under General G. W. Smith at Kenesaw on June 2oth, 3,300 total 86,475. This force, less the losses from Tunnel Hill to Atlanta, was the number Hood had in his army during the siege of Atlanta. On the roth four rifled cannon were put in position and put to work day and night causing frequent tires in the City of Atlanta. On the 1 3th the looth Indiana marched from Marietta, Georgia to Vinings Station, near the Chattahoochee River and on the i4th took a position, right on the Lickskillet Road, where the bullets were flying briskly from the Rebel lines around Atlanta. On the field where we were encamped and along the Lickskillet Road, more than 500 bodies of dead Confederates were buried, as we were right in the middle of the field of July the 28th. The ground was very hard, and the bodies were buried in such haste, that it was poorly and very superficially done. One grave on this field con tained 116 and another near by 125 bodies, be sides there were a large number of other graves, containing a great many bodies each. A detail of the looth reinterred all these bodies and cov ered them deeper. Our supplies ran short at this time and five days rations were ordered for seven days. Sev eral soldiers were killed on the line daily in our front. On the 1 8th, at 10 P. M., there was a picket fight all along the lines, each shot, at the flash of the guns on the opposite line. Capt. Percy, chief engineer on General Harrow s staff, was killed, Taylor of Co. "B" wounded. On the iQth the 108 i ooth went into the skirmish pits and again fired all night. Had a tremendous rain storm during the night. On the 2oth we were relieved by the lo^d Illinois. Company "G, " while in the skir mish pits, had James II. Nelson killed and John C. Clark, Company U B" was shot through the head. The i ooth went into the skirmish pits again on the 23d, and on the 24th we pressed the Con federate line hard all day. The artillery aided us by firing into the enemy s pits. On the 25th we sent all of our baggage to the rear, and were very lightly equipped and prepared for rapid work. David Soule of Company U B" was killed. We received orders to move at a mo ment s notice. The 4th Corps moved from the extreme left to the extreme right. The 2oth Corps went back to the Chattahoochee River. The Siege of Atlanta Raised. On Friday, the 26th, all surplus wagons and incumbrances of every kind, and all sick soldiers were ordered back to the Chattahoochee bridge, to our intrenched position. The zooth Indiana moved into the works and remained all clay. At night the whole army moved -3way arid^left that- Regiment in line in front of the whole Rebel .Army. We were about^six feet apart in the works, and kept up an incessant firing;to mislead the enemy until 10 o clock P. M., when we moved out of our works*ahd away from Atlanta. We- were the last Regiment on that part : of the line to leave our works. We marched till 3 A. M. 109 The Confederates threw shot after us for at least three miles, killing one man. The night was ex tremely dark and the road was rough and in the woods. We first moved westwardly, toward Sand- town, then by a circuit, we bore to the south, and erossed Camp Creek. On the 27th we marched from early morning until 2 p. M. through the woods when we halted and fortified. This move brought us elose to Fairburn, southwest of Atlanta. On the 2 8th, w r e bore to the southeast seven miles and camped on the West Point Railroad. On the 29th we were roused up at 2 A. M. to tear up railroad track, at a point only seven teen miles southwest of Atlanta. Some dead Rebels were lying in the road at a bridge, show ing that other troops had passed before we did. On the 3oth, we moved forward at 8 A. M., marched till evening, erossed Flint River; the looth was out as Hankers all day. We halted about a half a mile west of Jonesboro and formed in line of battle, about half way from Flint River to Jonesboro, with an open field directly in front of the looth. The Regiment just covered the field. At 9 p. M. we fell in and fortified all night, skirmishing all night in our front. The trains were run by the enemy all night, bringing troops from Atlanta to Jonesboro, and massing them in our front. Condensed Rebel Despatches. The Rebels did not know what had become of us after we left our works at Atlanta. Major no General Stevenson dispatched to General Hood at daybreak, that he occupied our picket line General French dispatched General Sanders, ask ing him if he had any information as to where we were. General Stewart dispatched General lM-ench at 10 A. M. not to leave his trenches until it was known where we were. General Hood ordered the respective commanders to push their scouts carefully forward and at 10 A. M. he or dered General Walthall to hold his command under arms ready to move at a moments notice. At 1.45 A. M. the same order was given to Gen eral Maney; and to Generals Smith and Fenm- son at 8:15 A. M. At 9 A. M. he ordered Gen eral Jackson to "ascertain what is goino- on " (Serial 76, p. 991). On the 2 7 th Hood telegraphed Jefferson Davis that we had no forces within four miles of Atlanta. At daybreak Generals Lee and Stew art reported to Hood that we were gone, but Hardee said we were still in his front! (Serial 76, pp. 994-995.) On the 28th, at noon, Hood ordered General Armstrong to keep his forces well in hand, so that when he found us he could fall on us with effect. (Serial 76, p. 997.) On the 2 9 th, at 2 p. M., he ordered General Hardee "to ascertain the position of the enemv." (76-499.) On the 3 oth, at 12:40 P. M ., he dispatched iiarclee, that no troops need be sent to Tonesboro but at 6 p. M. he ordered Hardee to keep us off the railroad at Jonesboro if possible. At 5:45 P. M. Lee s command was ordered under arms :1 at 6:35 P. M. Iiardee was ordered to Jones- ill boro, and at 8:45 p. M. the same orders were sent to General Lee. (No. 76, p. 1003.) On the 3Oth, at 5:15 p. M., General Lewis was ordered by General flood to prevent us from crossing the Flint River. lie also gave General Armstrong the same order. The truth was our movements had completely mystified the Con federate generals. Having found out on the 3oth where we were, General Hood, on the 3ist, at 3 A. M., ordered Ilardee s and Lee s Corps to be in position and that they " J\hist attack and drive the enemy across the river 1 1 (meaning the Flint, which was only a half a mile in our rear.) Ten minutes later he dispatched Ilardee that he "Must not fail to attack the enemy so soon as he could get his troops up, 1 and said, "I trust that God will give us victory." At 3:20 A. M. he dispatched Ilardee, that he must say to his offi cers and men that the necessity is imperative; that the enemy must be driven into and across the river, and at 10 o clock he again dispatched Ilardee, that he "desired the men to go at the enemy with the bayonet fixed, determined to drive everything they may come against. (76, p. 1006-7.) 112 The looth Indiana in the Battle of Jonesborough. In obedience to the foregoing dispatches from General Flood, the Confederates undertook to drive us into Flint River, without flattering results. We were all in line at day break, in good works. The enemy was in plain sight in our front, where they had planted a battery dur ing the night. Skirmishing went on briskly all day. About 2 130 P- M. the enemy shelled our line severely. Shortly afterward they charged upon us across the open field in our front, with great impetuousity. We repulsed them with severe loss. They reformed and moved to our left, then attacked us again in front and were again repulsed. The looth captured Col. Bass, the major and a lieutenant of the 2cl Rebel Ken tucky, and 1 6 privates. The Colonel s arm was shot off . Sergt. M. L. Conkey and Lewis Kieth, of Company 4t B" and Sergeant Batts of Com pany 4 K" were killed. J. Prosser and J. Critchet, of Company "A," wounded. William Sharp, of Company U C, n and John Hettinger, of Company "F, n orderlies on General Harrow s staff, were both killed. General Harrow speaks very highly of them, in his official report of this battle. The enemy were very neatly repulsed in 115 front of I larrow s Division. They fought bravely and faced our line in the open field with great de termination. Their batteries threw both shell and canister into our line. As the looth covered the only open ground on the battlefield, that Regiment bore the brunt of the battle, and fought from behind good works and sustained a very small loss. Hazen s Divis ion was on the left, Harrow s on the right and General Osterhaus in reserve. General Logan says: "The most terrible and destructive tire 1 ever witnessed was directed at the enemy and in less than an hour he was compelled to retire dis comfited and in confusion."" (His Official Re port. ) The most determined part of the assault was maintained by General Hazen. * * It raged fiercely in front of Harrow and Oster haus, the enemy approaching their line, at the average distance of 40 to 100 paces. * * In front of the Second Division, (I la/ en s) 1 86 bodies of the enemy were buried, 99 prisoners captured, not including 79 wounded, also two stand of colors taken. The enemy s wounded General Hazen estimated at 1,000, afterward found to be greater. General Harrow buried 12 of the enemy s dead and took 56 prisoners, not including 60 wounded; the Con federate dead were removed by them. General Osterhaus estimates the enemy s loss in his front at 500. He discovered 131 graves in a secluded part of the field. General Logan says that in front of the i5th Corps there were found 500 killed, left on the field, and ^,000 wounded and 241 prisoners. The 1 5th Corps had only 154 killed, wounded 116 and missing. In front of General Corse s Divis ion of the i yth Corps, the enemy lost 500 killed, wounded and missing, while that Corps suffered the insignificant loss of 18 killed and wounded Col. Bryant, of General Blair s Corps, estimates the enemy s loss in his front at 262 killed, wounded and missing. The great difference in the number killed on each side respectively shows the folly of assaulting a well armed and well in trenched line of old soldiers by even greatly sup erior numbers. The Army of the Ohio and Cumberland en gaged the enemy in a severe and bloody battle, in which the Confederates were defeated with great loss. On the night of the 3 ist, fifty men ot the looth, under command of the writer erected a fort in the rear of the right of that Regiment. On the ist, skirmishing was kept up. One man of Company E" was killed, and Sergeant Isaac Hockman and one man of Com pany 1 <G" wounded. There was heavy firino-on the left all night. At about 2 o clock A. M. the sounds of heavy explosions were heard, in the direction of At lanta, about twenty miles to the north. At 4 AM there was another series of explosions, which it was then thought might be a night at tack on the 2oth Corps, but were in fact "caused by the blowing up of the enemy s magazines when they retreated from Atlanta. The jooth Indiana in the Battle of Lovejoy. On the 2d, at daylight our skirmishers ad vanced to Jonesboro and found that the enemy 117 had retreated toward Lovejoy. By order of General Walcutt, eight companies of the looth took the advance of the i5th Army Corps and moved south toward Lovejoy. About half a mile south of Jonesboro they struck the enemy s cavalry. The looth Indiana deployed on the right and the 6th Iowa on the left of the road to Lovejoy. "Then commenced a brisk, running light for the next four miles, the looth Indiana driving the enemy so fast that he did not have time to take advantage of the rail works previously con structed." The enemy then formed a long line of infantry in the front and opened on the looth with artillery to prevent the capture of a wagon train in plain sight. These two Regiments were so exhausted that, by order of General Walcutt, they were relieved by the 46th Ohio and 1030! Illinois. These at once charged the Rebel lines with great impetuosity, causing them to burn some of their wagons and retreat rapidly toward Lovejoy. "September 2cl the Brigade, especially the looth Indiana, the 1030! Illinois and the 46th Ohio and the 6th Iowa in advance, in pursuit of Ilardee, did splendidly, captured forty prisoners and punishing the enemy severely in killed and wounded." (Official Report General Walcutt, Sec. 74, p. 322.) Lieutenant J. H. Moore, Co. "A," was mortally wounded by a shell. We took a com manding position close up to the Rebel main line. We heard here for the first, of the fall of At lanta. We strenghtened our works and kept tiring on the enemy. On the 4th, Anthony Olinger, of 118 Company "A, was mortally wounded by a shot in the head. Sergeant Drake, Company "E," was also severely wounded. The bullets flew in close proximity to our heads all the time we were at that place. On the 5th we got up at i A. M. and marched back to Jonesboro and encamped on the spot, where we fought on the 3ist. We arrived there in the mud at i o clock A. M., having marched only six miles and a half in 24 hours and went into camp tired, wet and hungry. On the 6th we took a stroll over the battle field of the 31 st of August at Jonesboro. One house in the town contained 250 Confederate wounded. The effects of our shot, shell andminnie balls were to be seen everywhere. On the 8th we reached East Point, and went into camp, where we remained, drawing some supplies and going through the routine of camp life for two or three weeks. In Camp at East Point. On the same day we arrived from Love- joy and went into camp at East Point, General Hood sent in a flag of truce to General Sherman s headquarters, to arrange for an exchange of pris oners, to which the latter acceded, with a specific understanding that Major R. M. Johnson of the looth Indiana was to be brought from Charles ton, South Carolina, where he was confined in a position which was exposed to the fire of our own batteries. On the ipth, Col. Heath left for the North 119 and the command of the Regiment devolved upon Captain Heading-ton, of Company "II," who performed that duty with credit to himself and to the entire satisfaction of the officers and soldiers of the Regiment. September 2ist our scouts reported great activity in Hood s army. On the zzd the truce for the exchange of prisoners expired and the de tails from the looth to attend the exchange re turned to camp. September 24th scouts reported that Jeffer son Davis was at Macon, Georgia, on his way to pay a visit to Hood s Army. September 25th Jefferson Davis, accom panied by two of his aides-de-camp, arrived at General Hood s headquarters about 3 p. M. lie made a speech to Hardee s soldiers, in which he detailed the plans of General Hood. Our scouts were present and heard the speech. They then stole through the Rebel lines and on the morning of the 26th were at General Sherman s head quarters and gave him the details of the speech. Davis was enthusiastically received by the Con federate soldiers. At 8 P. M. on the 26th, he made a short speech. He told the Kentucky and Tennessee troops in Hood s Army that they were going to march around Sherman s Army, and that they would soon be at their old homes in Tennessee and Kentucky. September 27th, at 6 P. M., Davis and his attendants left Hood s camp for Montgomery, Alabama. On the 29th, Hood moved his head quarters from Palmetto to Fray s Church, and his Army crossed the Chattahoochee, moving to the northwest. (Vol. 77, page 803.) On the 29th, Major R. M. Johnson, having Major R. M. Johnson, After his exchange as a prisoner. (From an old war times picture,) been exchanged by request of General Sherman, returned to the Regiment and assumed com mand, he having been under tire at Charleston, South Carolina, with other Union officers, who were placed in a certain position in that city, which was made known to the Union forces, so as to prevent them from throwing shot or shell into that part of the city. The Major related some terrible experiences which he had had while he was a prisoner in the hands of the enemy. His return was the occasion of a demon stration by the officers and men of the command, for we all liked Major Johnson. Under Confed erate prison life and rations, his flesh had rapidly disappeared. He looked as if he had suffered greatly while in Rebel prisons, but reduced as he was "in flesh, he was as haughty, brave and proud in spirit as before his capture. Retrospective View of the 120 Days Fighting. Let us now review the ground we have passed over so hastily, for the purpose of obtain ing a more comprehensive notion of the vastness of the work we had performed from the 5th of May until the 5th of September, 1864. At the latter date w r e had driven the Rebel Army out of its innumerable fortifications in Northern Geor gia, and more than a hundred miles over and across a mountainous and hilly country, through gorges, gaps and passes in the mountains, deemed by the enemy to be impassable for any army, and over and across several large rivers and into the fastnesses beyond, assaulting their many almost impregnable positions at every op portunity. We had just taken Atlanta and had pressed the retreating army forty miles beyond that plaee. Several sanguinary battles had been fought, in nearly all of which we were victorious, al though our enemy occupied his earthworks in chosen strongholds. Prior to and at Resaca he fought us from the mountain tops; such as Rocky Face, Buzzard Roost, Tunnel Ilill and Taylor s Ridge, and from such fortified places as Ships, Dug and Snake Gaps and other fastnesses. Yet his losses were as great as ours. At Resaca his losses were 2,800 and ours 2,600. On the 2oth of July, at Peach Tree Creek, our loss w r as 1,710 killed, wounded and missing, while that of the enemy was 4,796. On the 22d of July General Hood, who had succeeded General Johnston, on the 1 7th made a sortie upon the Union army of the Tennessee, in which the total Union loss was 3.641, of which i,ooowere prisoners, making the total killed and wounded 2,641. The total loss of the enemy was 8,499, f which 3,220 were killed on the field. On the 28th of July General Hood made another sortie on the Army of the Tennessee at Ezra church, on the Union right, in which the total Union loss was 50 killed, 439 wounded and 73 missing, total 562; while the enemy s loss was U 6,ooo or 7,000" (Logan s Official Report, Serial 74, p. 105); or as taken from the enemy s own reports, their loss was 4.642. Thus in the three engagements of July 2Oth, 22d and 28th the total Union loss was 5,913, while the total loss of the enemy in the same engagements was 19,295, a difference of 13,382, or more than three to one in favor of the 124 Union soldiers, where the battles were fought, mainly without works, or very temporary works, as was the ease with those three battles around Atlanta. In nearly all the others the enemy oc cupied the mountains, hills and gaps. The loss of the enemy cannot be known accurately, as in many cases official reports of their casualties were designedly never made. The following estimates are from the most reliable sources ob tainable. From May 5th to May pth the enemy lost 600 men, from May 9th to May i6th we have no complete official report but he lost at and about Resaca 2,800 killed, wounded and missing. At and about Dallas, Georgia, he lost 3,000 killed, wounded and missing, from May 25th to June 4th. From June 9th to June 30th, about Kenesaw, Pine Mountain, Pine Knob, Golgotha, McAfee s Cross Roads, Lattimore s Mills, Gulp s House, Powder Springs, and the en gagements at and about Kenesaw, 4,600 killed, wounded and missing, and from July 6th to July loth he lost 600 at Vinings and the Chattahoo- chee River, and atjonesboro he lost 2,000 killed, wounded and missing. These losses make a to tal of 30,937. But these do not include many small engagements, nor do they include the enemy s loss from the 2cSth of July to the 26th of August, Curing the siege of Atlanta, which if es timated inside of all reason was at least ^,000. During the month which the siege lasted the artillery and musketry tiring was incessant, mak ing the total loss within all reason 40,000, from Dalton to Lovejoy. During this time our cav alry had several engagements, where the losses were heavy. These estimates are from Sher man s and Logan s official reports and "Johns- 125 ton s Narrative" and Hood s "Advance and Retreat." This loss of 40,000 deducted from the 86,000 which the Confederates had at Kene- saw, less their losses, would leave Hood about 4^,000 after the evacuation of Atlanta, which is just about what he actually had. The losses in the Rebel army for August and to September 5th were 7,443 killed, wounded and missing. The Union loss during the same time was 5,139, and the total Union loss from Dalton to Lovejoy was 27,245 killed and wounded and 4,442 missing, total 31,687, being a difference of 8,313 in favor of the Union army. The Rebels took 4,442 prisoners, while the Union army took 12,983. Their names, rank and Regiments are on the official rolls (Sherman Memoirs, p. 132), so that the army under Sherman, during the 120 days lighting had destroyed several arsenals and de pots, had taken one-half of the state of Georgia, 100 miles of the enemy s country, had consumed all that could be found in that territory, and had destroyed one-half of the whole Rebel army in its front, and was yet strong, defiant and eager for a battle. Courageous, well disciplined, proud of its achievements, flushed with victory and com manded by generals who, like the men in the ranks, were patriots and acted together harmo niously and for the good of their country; so that upon the whole the net results of the summer s fighting was greatly in favor of the Union army from every point of view. 126 The looth Indiana in the Pursuit of Hood s Army 1864. As soon as the Union Arm} had withdrawn from Lovejoy to the vicinity of Atlanta, General Hood began to recruit and increase his arm) 7 from every available source. His encampment was at and about Lovejoy, Newman and Pal metto, only a few miles southwest of ours. He began to move his forces to his left gradually be fore Jefferson Davis visited his camp. After that event, however, increased activity was no ticeable in his camp, and he moved to the west of Atlanta, so that by the ist of October his army had all crossed the Chattahoochee River, about twenty miles southwest of that place, and his headquarters were at Dark Corners, about ten miles northwest of East Point. He had evi dently begun the march around our left and to the north, as detailed by Jefferson Davis. There was no other proper course open to General Sher man than to follow him. We had spies in his camp every day, and our General knew every movement that he made. The 4th, i4th, i5th, 1 7th, 2oth and 23d Corps of the Union Army lay quietly in camp. Girard s cavalry was at Deca- tur, six miles east of Atlanta, and Kilpatrick s near Sandtown, eight miles west. October 2d the 4th Corps was ordered to prepare to march. The Rebel Army was at Powder Springs. Oc tober 3d, the i yth Corps was ordered to march to Smyrna Church on the 4th, and the 4th Corps was ordered to be in line at that place on that date. Stewart s Rebel Corps arrived at Big Shanty, and tore up and destroyed several miles of railroad, working all night for that purpose, 127 (See also Serial 39 p. 783.) On the 4th the Corps received marching orders, and on the morning of the 5th broke camp early and marched northward from East Point. We left Atlanta to our right crossed the Chattahoochee at Vinings, then marched in deep mud until 10 P. M. , and went into line live miles southwest of Marietta. We made twenty-five miles. While Stewart s Corps was yet at Big Shanty destroying the railroad, an order from General Hood was received by him, directing that French s Division of his Corps should "Move up the railroad and rill up the deep cut at Allatoona with brush, rails, dirt, etc." In obe dience to this order, French moved his Division from Big Shanty at 3:30 P. M., and arrived at Acworth, six miles distant, before sunset, having with him Major Myrith and twelve (12) pieces of artillery. There he was detained until 1 1 P. M. waiting for rations. As soon as these were drawn, the march was resumed. Citizens re ported to French that there were about three and one-half Regiments in the garrison and about 100 men at the bridge. French arrived before Alla toona at 3:30 A. M. on the 5th. (Serial 77, page 14.) The Battle of Allatoona. Allatoona is about 18 miles northwest of Kenesaw and about 8 miles south of the Etowah river, and is the place where the railroad passes through the Allatoona range of hills. The rail road cut is nearly 100 feet deep, and on each side of this cut the Union Army had erected a re doubt, This is the cut which General French 128 was ordered, by General Hood, to rill up with brush, dirt and rails. The plaee was garrisoned by 890 men. General Corse, in obedience to the orders of General Sherman, arrived at Allatoona at i A. M. on the morning of the 5th, with a total of 1,054 re-enforcements, making with the garri son, 1,944 mcn - Soon after the re-enforcements were unloaded, the enemy tired on our pieket line (3 A. M). The i8th Wisconsin was sent out to re-enforce the pieket line, and just before break of day the enemy were pressing so hard on the pickets that a battalion of the " 7th Illinois was sent out as an additional support. As soon as it was light enough to see, Gen eral Corse withdrew the men from the outer lines to the inner line of works on the summit of the hills -on either side of the cut. At 6 A. M. the cannonading and musketry was brisk. At 8 A. M. a flag of truce came in, on the Cartersville road, bearing a summons from General French to surrender in these words: "Commanding Officer U. S. Forces, "Allatoona. "Sir: I have placed the forces under my command in such a position that you are sur rounded, and to avoid a needless effusion of blood, I call on you to surrender your forces at once and unconditionally. Five minutes will be allowed you to decide. Should you accede to this, you will be treated in the most honorable manner as prisoners of war. I have the honor to be, "Very respectfully yours, "S. G. French. Major General Commanding C. S. Forces. 7 129 To this demand for a surrender, General Corse answered as follows: "Major General S. G. French, "C. S. Army, etc. "Your communication demanding surrender of my command I acknowledge receipt of, and would respectfully reply, that we are prepared for the needless effusion of blood 1 whenever it is agreeable to you. "I am very respectfully "Your Obedient Servant, "Jno. M. Corse, "Brigadier General Commanding U. S. Forces. 1 The men in the fort were notified by Gen eral Corse to prepare for a hard fight. In a very short time Young s Brigade of 900 Texans made a furious assault on the 39th Iowa and yth Illi nois. They moved along with great rapidity until they struck Rowitt s Brigade, and while the fighting was going on at that point, Sear s Rebel Brigade came in line of battle from the north and sw r ept the Union line back until the 39th Iowa was flanked, but this also brought the enemy s flank within range of Tourtelotte s line, from which they suffered severely. The two Brigades of the enemy rallied and the fighting became sanguinary, and had it not been for the desperate resistance of the 39th Iowa, the battle might have been lost. The enemy recoiled, and what was left of the 7th and 93d Illinois and the 39th Iowa, fell back into the fort. These three Regiment s had fought Young s and a portion of Sears and Cockrell s Brigades for two hours and a half. Col. Redfield of the 39th Iowa was 130 killed shot four times. The I2th Wisconsin battery did heroic work. The enemy kept closing in on the fort. General Corse was wounded at i P. M. At 2 p. M. the enemy massed behind a hill 150 yards northwest of the fort, but they were unable to do so successfully under the withering tire of the Union lines. Charge after charge was made by the Confeder ates, and the battle raged incessantly until about 4 P. M., when the enemy withdrew, leaving his dead and wounded on the rielcl. Our loss during o this engagement was as follows: EXG. KLD. WD. MSG. TOT yth 111., 9 Co s 267 35 67 39 141 1 2th Ills. Detached 155 9 49 . . 58 ^oth Ills., 8 Co s 267 15 63 . . 78 57 th Ills. Co s "A" "B" 61 4 i 13 93rd Ills. Infantry 290 21 52 10 83 39th Iowa, 8 Co s 280 40 52 78 170 4th Minnesota, 450 n 33 . . 44 1 8th Wisconsin 150 2 12 84 98 1 2th Wisconsin Bat 24 5 16 . . 21 Totals T 944 J 4 2 3S 2 2I2 76 Of the 706 casualties, 212 were missing; those were mainly on picket and were taken prisoners at the Block House. This fixes our loss in killed and wounded at 494. (Official re port General Corse, Serial 77, p. 766.) The Confederate loss at Allatoona, will never be truly known, as their official reports are so notoriously unreliable that no credence can be given to them. In this instance, 231 Rebel dead were buried on the Held at the time. We took 411 prison ::*:";, three colors and 800 stand of arms. 131 Brigadier- General Young, who was captured, said that their loss was 2,000. The assaulting forces consisted of the 4th, 35th, 36th, 39th, 46th and 7th Regiments of Mississippi (Sear s), the ist, 4th, 2d, 6th, 3rd, c;th Missouri In fantry, and the ist and 2d Missouri Cavalry; the 320!, loth, 1 4th and 9th Texas Regiments, and the 29th and 39th North Carolina, and 12 pieces of artillery, under Major Myrick. That is, 18 Regiments of Infantry, 2 of Cavalry and 12 cannon. During the week following the battle, the garrison found nearly a hundred dead bodies, in addition to those buried by General Corse. Those were men who had gone away from the line after being fatally wounded, and died. (Ser ial 77, page 718, et seq.) For the purpose of creating an Iron Brigade, to be used for assaulting and routing the enemy, and driving him from selected positions quickly, General Sherman caused the looth Indiana, 97th Indiana, 6th Iowa, 46th Ohio, 26th, 4oth and iO3d Illinois, to be armed in part with Spencer repeating rifles. (See Sherman s Memoirs 2, p. i8 7 .) The looth Indiana camped in a field adjacent to the Allatoona battle ground. Some bodies were found in the brush by our men, which had not been found by the burying squad. The men of the looth slept two hours, had reveille at 4 A. M., crossed the Etowah river and went into camp at 5 P. M. four miles south of Kingston. The men w r ere very tired, having marched 16 miles. Total from East Point, 69 miles. On the loth the looth Indiana marched 15 miles, to within four miles of Rome, a total of 84 miles, and bivouacked for the night. 132 On the nth the Regiment reported early to department headquarters, and in obedienee to orders, we were sent on a scouting expedition, directly towards the advance of the Confederate Army, to the north and west, our route was diagonally across the country. We marched 12 miles to Floyd, and halted at dark, prepared our meal without tire, then marched rapidly through a mountainous or hilly country 10 miles to get 2 miles, which, on account of the miserable roads we traveled, took nearly all night, making 25 miles, or a total of 109 miles. At daylight we lay down in a field to rest. We slept one hour, at a point 25 miles from Resaca. We then started on good roads and went into camp at Calhoun at sundown. We were all very tired, having marched 50 miles, with but one hour s sleep, and a total of 129 miles. The first place Hood s Army struck north of Allatoona was Resaca. The i/th Iowa, Colonel Clark R. Wever, garrisoned the place. General Hood disposed his Army in front of Resaca, intending, perhaps, to assault the place. He demanded the surrender of the post upon such terms as have never been considered in line with civilized war fare, in these words: "Headquarters Army of the Tennessee. "In the field, October 12, 1864. "To the officer commanding United States forces, "Resaca, Georgia. "Sir: I demand the immediate and uncon ditional surrender of the post and garrison under your command, and should this be acceded to, all white officers and soldiers will be paroled in a 133 few days. If the place is carried by assault, no prisoners will be taken. kk j. B. Hood, General. 11 At the time this unprecedented demand was made, Col. Clark R. Wever was in command of the garrison. His answer to the demand was as follows : -Headquarters, 2cl Brigade, 3d Division, 41 1 5th Army Corps, Resaea, Georgia, "October 12, 1864. "To General]. B. Hood: "Your communication of this day just re ceived. In reply I have to state that I am some what surprised at the concluding paragraph, to the effect, that if the place is carried by assault, no prisoners will be taken. In my opinion I can hold this post. If you want it. come and take "I am, General, very respectfully, your most obedient servant, "Clark R. Wever, ConVdg Officer. 11 This stern refusal to surrender probably Jed General Hood to believe that if he assaulted Col. Wever s forces he would meet with a repetition of French s experience at Allatoona, and he withdrew his forces and moved on to Snake Gap. We hadreveile at 3 A.M., reached Resaea at 8:30 A. M., halted a short time for rations, then moved rapidly toward Snake Gap, where tiring could be plainly heard. We entered the Gap at 5 P. M. The Confederates retreated from Resaea through this gap and they felled a great many trees across the narrow gulch to impede our pursuit. We passed over the field before the dead had been 134 collected for burial. On the i6th we had rev eille 4:30, marched at 7. We passed through Villainow twelve hours behind the Rebel Army; we crossed Taylor 1 s Ridge through Ship s (jap. The Rebels had an intrenched line of battle on the crest of the pass to resist our approach. Our Brigade had the advance. We formed in two lines and assaulted the enemy in position; the rooth Indiana was in the second line. The 29th Missouri engaged the enemy in front; our Bri gade passed to their right and the 26th Iowa was moved around their left, and when the attack was made most of the Rebel force fell into our hands, including two whole companies of the 24th South Carolina Infantry (Serial 77, p. 742). Quite a number were killed and wounded. The prisoners had parched corn in their haversacks. We encamped shortly after passing through Ship s Gap, and the army passed to the front and en camped on the western slopes of Taylor s Ridge The long lines of camp fires made a beauti ful scene at night. On the morning of the iyth our skirmishers could be seen for miles gradually driving the Confederates before them. We moved down the mountain slope at 10:30 A. M. and marched to Lafayette about rive miles dis tant and went into camp. On the i8th we marched at 8 A. M. from Lafayette almost di rectly south, crossed the Chatooga River at Is land Town and went into camp three miles north of Summerville. The Chatooga valley was very rich and we supplied ourselves well with forage. We had now marched 179 miles since we left East Point. On the i9th we marched rapidly in pur suit of the enemy to a point near the Alabama state line, nine miles southwest of Summerville, 135 Georgia, and went into camp at 7 p. M. Robert M. Steele, of Captain Dalbey s Company "I," died there. Forage was plenty, tine water and a good country. The Confederate army re treated rapidly before us in the direction of Gads- den, Etowah county, Alabama. The roads during this day s march (zoth) were extremely hilly and mountainous. We pursued the enemy sixteen miles in zig-zag direc tions. We crossed a very rough mountain after dark and went into camp near Gaylesville, Alaba ma. The Rebel army was forty- eight hours ahead of us. They kept to the south of the mountains and went into camp at the town of Gadsden, Alabama. Our cavalry picked up a great many stragglers from their arm) . We had now marched 204 miles. On the 2ist we passed through Gaylesville and went into camp on Little River, Alabama, near its junction with the Chatooga. We marched nine miles. On the 220! and 2^d we re mained in camp at Little River. Our cavalry came in from the front and reported the enemy in force under General Wheeler in an intrenched position at Blount s place, near King s Hill. General Howard ordered the strength of the Rebel position to be tested and our Division (Wood s) and HazeiVs and Batteries "B," First Michigan and First Iowa were directed to per form this service. 136 The looth Indiana Pursues Hood s Army to Gadsden, Alabama. At 2 i>. M. on the 24th we marched west- warclly nine miles and went into camp at sun down near Leesburg, and on the 2c;th we had reveille at 3:30 and marched at 5 A. M. We soon struck the enemy s cavalry pickets and skirmishing began. They fell back to their main line at Blount s place, where the cavalry had reported the Rebels in force. Our skirmish line drove the enemy away while our lines of battle were being formed. General Osterhaus having ascertained from citizens that there was a force of 2,000 Rebels at Turkey town valley, on the Gadsden road, about live miles further on, we moved against them, and when our forces had got almost through the valley, the Rebels opened on them with artillery. Wood s Division formed in line on the left and two Brigades of IlazerTs Division on the right. The Rebels were on high ground in our front, with about 2,000 men and two pieces of artillery. They were intrenched so as to sweep the whole valley. We engaged their attention in front with our skirmisher s and battery "B," ist Michigan, so closely that they never observed Hazen s two Brigades, which, as well as Jones 1 Cavalry Regiment, were ordered forward. The latter delivered his volleys right into the Rebel ranks, which threw them into the wildest confusion and they tied precipitately. Cornelius Coleman, of Company 4 D," was the only man of the looth wounded/ This was the parting salute to Hood s Army, the looth being the last to deliver the parting blow. General Sherman had determined to march to the sea and ]37 to let Hood go to Tennessee. At this moment an order was received from General Howard not to pursue the fleeing Rebels, so we marched back four miles and went into camp, and on the 26th we marched at 7 A. M. and reached our camp on Little River at 2:45 i. M., having marched ex actly 48 miles in ^ hours. This engagement took place nine miles northeast of Gadsden, Ala bama. The moth Indiana Faced Toward the Sea. We remained in camp on the 27th and 28th. On the 29th we had reveille at 3:30 A. M., and marched to Cedar Bluffs, on the road lead ing back to Rome, Georgia, we crossed the Coosa on the 17 A. C. Pontoons; marched 11 miles, total 261 miles, and encamped in a miser able place on the south side of the river. This was the first day s march back toward Atlanta and the sea. On the 3oth we went into camp at 2:30, within four miles of Cave Springs, southwest of Rome, Georgia. The Rebel guerrillas fired on some of our men. On the 3ist we only marched four miles to Cave Springs and went into camp. On the ist of November we marched nine miles to Cedartown, almost directly south of Rome about twenty miles. The guerrillas slipped up and fired on some of our men during the day. On the ist of November we marched all day in the rain. On the 2d we marched at daybreak 12 miles and encamped in the pine woods on the Yellow Stone road; total, 302 miles. On the 3rd 138 we marched 15 miles in the mud and rain and en camped on the Burnt Hickory road, in the woods. On the 4th we took the Powder Springs road and marched 15 miles, mainly in the direction of Yinings, or Smyrna. We moved out early on the 5th to the southeast, struck our old works at Smyrna at dark, and encamped five miles south west of Marietta, Georgia. Marched 15 miles; total, 347 miles. Here we halted to prepare ourselves for continuing our march toward the sea. On the 6th we made estimates for clothing and shoes, both of which the men needed very badly. On the 9th we were paid. On the i2th we destroyed railroad iron and ties burned the ties and bent and twisted the rails after being heated in the-middle by the burning ties. On the 1 3th we drew clothing and then marched through the city of Atlanta and encamped at Whitehall, near our old works during the siege marched 15 miles; total since we left East Point, in pursuit of Hood, 362 miles, a considerable part of which was in zigzag directions, on account of the roads, being very crooked or occupied by other columns. The looth Indiana on the March to the Sea. MEMORABILIA BY E. J. SHERLOCK. The march through Georgia to the sea was tirst thought of by General Sherman. Prior to the fall of Atlanta such a campaign was unheard of. But Sherman had such a movement in con templation and was maturing his plans for its ex ecution prior to Jefferson Davis 1 visit to Hood s 139 army on the 251)1 of September, for on the 2oth, before we started to follow Hood, he wrote Gen. Grant that "If you will rix a day I will be in Savannah. 1 \vill insure our possession of Ma- con and a point on the river below Augusta. The possession of the Savannah River is more than fatal to the possibility of Southern independence. They may stand the fall of Richmond, but not all of Georgia." Numerous dispatches which passed between Grant, Sherman, Lincoln and Secretary Stanton, contained in Serial No. 79, all go to show that the most that the authorities did at Washington was to acquiesce in Sherman s plans to march to the sea. On the 1 3th Grant wrote the Secretary of War that he believed that Sherman s proposition to march through Georgia was the best that could be adopted, and that "such an army as Sherman had, with such a commander, would be hard to corner or capture, 11 and at 11 o clock that day, General Grant made an order for the same sup plies for us which we received at Savannah after the fall of Fort McAllister, and at 8:30 P. M., on the 1 3th of October, 1864, E. M. Stanton wired General Sherman that his plans had been ap proved and that supplies would be sent down to Hilton Head and would be sent to him on trans ports (Serial 79, pp. 239-240). Sherman notified Grant on the 7th that the movement to the sea would begin on the loth or the day after, to which Grant answered on the same day, "Great good attend you." (Serial 79, p. 679.) On the 7th the engineer s department was ordered to "take special charge of the destruc- 140 tion of Atlanta; of all depots, car houses, shops, factories, foundries, being careful to knock down all furnace chimneys and break down the arches. 1 (Serial 79, p. 680.) At that date the i5th Army Corps was bi vouacked at Camp Smyrna. The men were being 1 paid, clothed and equipped. On the 9th special field orders No. 120 were issued from Kingston by General Sherman for the govern ment of the army during the contemplated move ment through Georgia. A brief synopsis of which was: First: That the right wing, the i5th and 1 7th Corps, was to be commanded by General Howard and the left wing, the i4th and 2oth by General Slocum. Second: The order of march was provided for the cavalry under Kilpatrick was to receive special orders from General Sherman. Third: Provided for the movement and the kind and number of trains. Fourth: Provided that the "Army will forage liberally on the country, etc., etc." The manner in which it must be done, and that no soldier should enter a private dwelling. Fifth: Provided for the destruction of such property, as was regarded contraband of war, by orders of army commanders only. Sixth: Provided for the confiscation of horses, mules, and such other property, as might be needed by the infantry and cavalry, distin guishing between the rich and the poor, in the seizure thereof. Seventh: Provided for taking such negroes, as would be serviceable in the army, as team sters or pioneers. 141 Eighth: Related to the organization of a good pioneer corps for each Army Corps. (Se rial 79, pp. 713-14-) On the loth General Corse was ordered to destroy, during the night, "All public property not needed by his command, in Rome, Georgia, such as foundries, bridges, mills, workshops, warehouses, etc. The i4th Corps was ordered to destroy the railroad from the Etowah to Big- Shanty. The i =;th and i7th from Kenesaw to Chattahoochee, and the 2oth Corps from that river into and including the city of Atlanta. 11 (No. 79, pp. 627 and 729.) The destruction of Atlanta began on the morning of the nth of November, 1864. Gen eral Sherman left Kingston for the front on the morning of the 1 2th. By evening of the latter date the I4th, i5th, lyth and 2oth Army Corps were all concentrated at Atlanta, with the cav alry on the front and right of the i5th Corps, the latter being commanded by General P. J. Oster- haus, the lyth by General Frank P. Blair. The 1 5th Corps was composed of four Di visions: the ist, General C. R. Woods; 2nd, General W. B. I la/en; 3rd; General John E. Smith; 4th, General John M. Corse. The T7th had three Divisions: the ist, Gen eral Joseph A. Mower; the 2nd, General M. D. Leggett, and the 3rd, General Giles A. Smith. The 1 4th Army Corps had three Divisions: the ist, General W. P. Carlin; the 2nd, General James D. Morgan, and the 3rd, General Absa lom Baird. The 2oth Corps had three Divisions: the ist, General Nathaniel J. Jackson; the 2nd, Ge:vjrp.l John W. Geary, and the 3rd, General 142 William T. Ward; making thirteen Divisions in all. The Cavalry Division was commanded by Brigadier General Judson Kilpatrick. One Bri gade was commanded by Col. Eli II. Murray and the other by Col. Smith D. Adkins. November i4th our forces consisted of ^5,329 infantry, S? oo \3 cavalry, and 1,812 artil lery; total, 62,204, as gd fighting men as the world ever produced. Skilled in the art of war, inured to hardship, well disciplined, of excellent morals, and as brave and fearless as lions in their native jungle. The picture of health, flushed with victory after victory, on many bloody and well- won fields; they fairly bounded, as they marched out into the enemy s country, with all the confidence and self-reliance, which an army can feel, which is deeply conscious of its own invincibility and superior prowess. Such was the character of the army which, on Tuesday morning, November 15, 1864, marched out of Atlanta, feeling that it was un conquerable before any army w r hich could be brought to oppose it. On the latter date we had reveille at 3 A. M., and the i5th and lyth Corps and the cavalry moved out. We left East Point to our left, passed Rough and Ready Station; the 9yth Indiana in advance, drove the Rebel Cavalry from our front after a lively skirmish. We went into camp at 2 P. M., having marched 8 miles southeast of Jonesboro and 36 miles from Camp Smyrna, which was 14 miles north of At lanta. We found some Rebel pickets at Rough and Ready, who lied percipitately on the ap proach of our advance. A force of Rebels made zor.iJ show o" rjjistnirjc r.t |:);rosboro, but it wa:s 143 quickly driven away; but at Stockbridge, near our camp, the Rebel General Lewis with about 1,000 men and a section of artillery, made some resistance, but was soon routed by the 29th Mis souri, which was our advance. There was sonic cannonading in the evening; the day closed with the four skirmishes of East Point, Rough and Ready, Jonesboro and Stock bridge. (9281) Stockbridge Village, November 16, 1864; marched at 9 A. M. We were in the rear, hav ing had the advance yesterday. Forage was plenty and water good; passed through McDon- ough and live miles to the south; marched 14 miles; total 50 miles. The cavalry found a force of Wheeler 1 s army in the old Rebel works at Lovejoy. They showed tight; Col. Murray charged their line, captured two three inch rifled cannon and killed and wounded a large -number. Wheeler, after the engagement, made a stand at Bear Creek, but was again charged by the loth Ohio, when his lines broke and his forces fled to Griffin, 14 miles distant, with a loss of killed, w r ounded and prisoners of 500. 100,000 rounds of ammunition, three caisons, four boxes of flxed ammunition and 175 stand of small arms were destroyed. The advance of the i5th Corps met a Rebel force at Cotton River Bridge, which was quickly dispersed, and the day closed with the action at Lovejoy and the two skirmishes of Bear Creek and Cotton River Bridge (92-362). On the 1 7th we started from camp, five miles south of McDonough, at i . 30 P. M. One mile below Locust Grove, the 3d and 4th Divis ions of the 1 5th Corps took the (left) Jackson road. We camped at 10:30 P. M. on the main Macon road, between Griffin and Jackson, having 144 marched 15 miles; total, 65 miles. Lewis Rebel Brigade was reported at the bridge on the Tow- aligo River. The 5th Kentucky, Col. Baldwin, charged their position and found only a weak line, which was quickly routed, the main body having retreated, and the day closed with the skirmish at Towaligo Creek (92-1). On the 1 8th the looth Indiana took the ad vance, directly east to Indian Springs, a summer resort, and encamped ; got plenty of Rebel news papers, printed on all kinds of paper; marched five miles; total, 70 miles. The Confederate officials promulgated some highly inflammatory addresses to the people of Georgia, exhorting them to rise up in their might and crush out the invaders. But the Union Army moved along from day to day, the same as if they had never been delivered. The fol lowing are specimen appeals by those who kept out of danger: "Richmond, Va., Nov. 18, 1864. "To the people of Georgia: "You have now the best opportunity ever yet presented to destroy the enemy. Put everything at the disposal of our Generals, remove all pro visions from the path of the invader and put all obstructions in his path. Every citizen with his gun and every negro with his spade and axe can do the work of a soldier. You can destroy the enemy by retarding his march. Georgians, be firm! Act promptly and fear not. B. II. Hill, Senator." "I most cordially approve the above. "James A. Seddon, "Secretary of War." 145 And the following is another address of about the same tenor: "Corinth, Nov. 18, 1864. "To the People of Georgia: "Arise for the defense of your native soil! Rally round your patriotic Governor arjcl gallant soldiers! Obstruct and destroy all roads in Sher man s front, flank and rear, and his army will soon starve in your midst! Be confident and res olute! Trust in an overruling Providence and success will crown your efforts! I hasten to join you in defense of your home and friends. "G. T. Beauregard." (92-867) These appeals did not cause the Georgians to arise, nor did General Beauregard ever join them where there was any danger. lie sent the following advice, however, to General Wheeler; "Major General Wheeler: "Employ your cavalry to best advan tage, retarding advance of Sherman s Arm) and destroying supplies in his front. "G. T. Beauregard. 71 (92-867) Gen. Wheeler obeyed the order far enough J i" 1 to get in our front, but he was not able to re tard our advance. Gen. Lee dispatched Jeffer son Davis as follows: "Petersburg, Nov. 19, 1864. "His Excellency Jefferson Davis, "Richmond, Va. "All roads, bridges, provisions, etc., within Sherman s reach should be destroyed. The pop ulation must turn out. * * * Savannah will probably be Sherman s object. Troops that can 146 be spared from Charleston, Savannah, etc. , should take the tic Id under Ilardee. -R. E. Lee. 1 (92-869) And some Rebel Congressmen at Richmond contributed their advice to the people of Georgia, as follows: 4 Richmond, November 19, 1864. "To the People of Georgia: "We have had a special conference wit n President Davis and the Secretary of War. Let every man fly to arms! Remove your negroes? cattle, horses, and provisions from Sherman s army and burn what you cannot carry. Burn all bridges and block up the roads in his route, assail the invader, in front, flank and rear, by night and by day; let him have no rest. "Julian Ilartridge and Six other members of Congress ." (92-869). Jefferson Davis also told the people of Geor gia how to defeat and destroy us in the following dispatch: "Richmond, Va., November 22, 1864. "Col. William Browne, Aid de Camp, Augusta Yards: Convey to all Generals my instructions, that every effort will be made by destroying bridges, felling trees, planting sub- terra shells and otherwise to obstruct the advance of the enemy. All supplies * * will be destroyed * * * to impede the march of Sherman s army and prevent it from foraging on the country. -Jefferson Davis." (92-880) 147 So it appears by the record, that Jefferson Davis, Robert E. Lee, Beauregard, and the members of the Confederate Congress all advised the South to destroy all that was in Sherman s front. In some instances the citizens of Georgia were ably assisted in carrying out some portions of these orders by the soldiers of the Union army; and the following dispatch shows that Davis was in favor of rilling the roadways with bombs to retard our advance. "Richmond, Nov. 18, 1864. "General II. Cobb, Macon, Ga. : "Get out every man. * * " x " Employ negroes in obstructing roads by every practicable means. Col. Rains, at Augusta, can furnish you with shells prepared to explode by pressure, and these will be effective to check an advance. "Jeff Davis- 71 ( 9 2-Davis-86s.) On the 1 9th we marched at 7 A. M. Com pany "A," rooth Indiana, was advance guards of the Division. Moved 7 miles to Planter s Factory on the Ocmulgee River, said to be owned by White & Scott of Macon, had dinner of biscuit, butter and burnt wheat coffee. Com pany "A" guarded the factory, crossed on the pontoons, marched in mud and rain, over a rough country, in a zigzag course until 2 A. M. Roads were simply impassable for anything but Yankees. Marched 14 miles; total 84 (92-1). The rear of the i5th Corps did not get across the Ocmulgee until the 2oth. We marched at 5 A. M., again in the advance. We sent out large forage parties, got plenty of corn meal, meat and flour. The 1 7th Corps took the Milledge- ville road at Ilillsboro. We marched all night, 148 halted on the field where Stoneman was defeated, marched 17 miles; total 101 miles. The First Brigade of Ilazen s Division, i5th Army Corps, routed the Rebel cavalry at Clinton, a town which lay in our line of march. Kilpatrick met the enemy s cavalry under Wheeler four miles out of Macon; he drove them across Walnut Creek and charged into their works at Macon, but could not hold them. A train of cars were burned and a mile of track torn up near Gris- wolclville, and the day closed with these four skirmishes with Wheeler s cavalry (92-363). Thirteen cars, loaded with car w r heels, were burned at Griswolclville on the 2ist by the 9th Michigan, as w r ell as the soap and candle factory and an arsenal engaged in manufacturing pistols and sabres for the Confederate Army, embracing in all 44 houses. There was considerable skir mishing done at that place during the time, in which the Rebels were \vorsted and driven back toward Macon (92-363). We marched eight miles in the rain, en camped about twelve miles northeast of Macon. We had some skirmishing with Rebel cavalry in the evening, near Griswoldville, before we went into camp. (My Memo.) The following property was destroyed at Griswoldville on the 2ist: Four miles of rail road track, one water tank, thirteen railroad cars, three sets engine drivers, twelve car wheels, twenty tons of wrought iron, one pistol factory, one soap factory, one candle factory, one foundry in the employ of the Rebel Government, 400 boxes of soap, twelve wagons, one wagon load of tools and one blacking factory; also the railroad station house (92-368). 149 The cavalry engaged the enemy near Ma- con during the day. The 9th Pennsylvania cav alry covered the rear to Gordon, where another encounter took place, in both of which the Reb els were routed. The day s operations closed with four skirmishes (92-1 and 363). (92-369). The moth Indiana in the Battle of Griswoldville. On the 22d the weather was cool. Wal- cutt s Brigade covered the rear. We fell inline, marched half a mile in the rear of the train, then halted. We could see the 9th Pennsylvania righting the Rebels off to our right. Quite a number on each side were killed and wounded. Our Brigade was ordered forward. O The 97th Indiana deployed as skirmishers and drove the Rebel cavalry from the rield. Gen. Woods, commanding the Division, was ordered to make a demonstration toward Griswoldville, and he selected Walcutt s Brigade for that pur pose; which was composed of the following Reg iments: The 4oth Illinois, Lt. Col. Hall, 206 enlisted men; 46th Ohio, Col. Alexander, 218 enlisted men; io t 3d Illinois, Major Willison, 219 enlisted men; the 6th Iowa, Major W. H. Clune, 177 enlisted men; 97th Indiana; Col. Catterson, 366 enlisted men, and the looth Indiana, Col. R. M. Johnson commanding, 327 enlisted men, and one section of Battery U B," ist Michigan, Capt. Arndt. Total present for duty; 1,513 men. (No. 92, p. 97.) Our skirmish line drove the enemy to a point west of and beyond Griswoldville, when by direc tion of Gen. Osterhaus, the Brigade was drawn back to a position on some high ground on the Duncan farm, near the edge of the woods, with 150 Brevet flajor General Charles C. Walcutt. ^Captain 4 6th Ohio, April i8th. 1861, Major June, 1861, and assigned to staff of Genl C. \\ . Hill, Major 46th Ohio, October ist, 1861: Lieut. Colonel, January 3oth, 1862, Colonel 4 6th O. V. I., October i6th, 1862; Brigadier General of Volun teers July 3oth. 1864: Brevet Major General of Volanteers March nth, 1865, for special gallantry at the battle of Griswoldville, Georgia, November 22nd, 1864 when he was severely wounded, a large expanse of open ground in front, the flanks being refused so as to cause each to rest very nearly on Sand Creek, a swampy, miry stream, which lay in our rear, from wing to wing. Some temporary works were thrown up by the Regiments in the field, of rails, logs and dirt. This being done the soldiers proceeded to get their dinner. (92-105) Now, it so happened that the Rebel Army, consisting of seven Brigades and Capt. Ander son s Battery, in all about 6,600 men, exclusive of Wheeler s cavalry, had been ordered to march from Macon to Augusta, as the Confederate Gen erals believed that we were movng on that place. The ist Brigade of the Georgia troops moved in advance of the other Brigades along the railroad and- missed our column. When the other six Brigades came along by Griswoldville, they en countered our pickets, and seeing Walcutt s Brigade from the road they were marching on toward Augusta, their Commander, Brigadier General P. J. Phillips, supposing that we were a small force, determined to assault us. He disposed his forces as follows: Two Brigades, the Athens and Augusta, formed his right, a Brigade of the State Line was placed on the left of the Athens and Augusta Brigades, and on the left of this line was formed McCoy s Brigade, the left of the latter Brigade Cresting near and south of the railroad," and General ^Anderson s Brigade was formed all on the north side of the railroad, "his left resting parallel with the railroad," and Col. Mann s second Brigade was formed in line of battle in the rear of the State Line and McCoy s Brigade, in a secure place to act as reserves, and Anderson s Battery was put in position on 153 the highest ground on the north side of the rail road. ( Jones 1 Siege of Savannah, page 29. ) (Rebel Dispatches, 92-877.) In this position an advance was ordered by the Confederate General. There were two Bri gades of Wheeler s Cavalry in reserve. We were eating dinner at the time. We saw the long lines of battle advancing upon us, whereupon every man of the Regiment prepared himself for battle, and every officer and man did his duty nobly. The following is the official report of the battle by Col. R. M. Johnson of the looth In diana : 4 Having arrived at the point designated upon Duncan s farm, we formed line of battle, covering the Macon road, with our flanks resting in the timber, while in front and center was the open field; the Regiments composing the command were assigned positions on the line as follows: On the right of the road were placed the 6th Iowa Infantry, io3d Illinois Infantry, and 97th Indiana Infantry. On the left of the road were posted the 4oth Illinois Infantry, looth Regiment Indiana Volunteer Infantry and 46th Ohio In fantry, while in the center of the road, the sec tion of Artillery, which had accompanied the Brigade, took up a position. In less than one hour after getting into position as above stated, our skirmishers became engaged with the ad vance of the enemy, who was moving upon us, and it soon became apparent that a heavy battle must ensue, as it was evident the enemy intended to endeavor to drive us from our position, and with that view had formed in heavy force upon our front, and opened upon our barricades with 154 four pieces of artillery. Brigadier General Charles C. Waleutt, Commanding 2nd Brigade First Division i5th Army Corps, perceiving this, ordered me to take the three right Companies of my Regiment and support the section of the ist Michigan Battery, occupying the center of the line, which order I immediately obeyed. I had no sooner done this, than from the manuevering of the enemy, it became apparent that he would endeavor to turn our extreme right flank, and to checkmate him there, General Waleutt ordered me to withdraw three more Companies of my Regiment from the left flank and putting them in position on the extreme right flank, take charge of that end of the line, and at all hazards to hold the enemy at bay at that point. I ac cordingly moved Company "A," U B" and t4 C n of my Regiment to the extreme right of the Brigade line, and placing Company "A 17 and tk C v on the line deployed Company "B 1? as skirmishers to extend the line to the right, in structing the men to shelter themselves behind trees, and to hold their positions at all hazards. Companies "I," tc K" and IT 1 having been placed in the center of the Brigade line and the 46th Ohio Volunteer Infantry, having by order of Gen eral Waleutt, previously moved to the right, I had only Companies ct D," "E, 11 ct F" and "G" of my Regiment with which to hold what had been the line occupied by the icoth Regiment Indiana Volunteer Infantry and the 46th Ohio Volunteer Infantry. These Companies I de ployed along the works so as to cover the two Regimental fronts. The three Companies in the center I placed under the immediate command of Captain John W. Headington, and he con- 155 tinued to manage them during the remainder of the tight with skill and sound discretion. On the right flank my men were much exposed, having no works to shelter themselves, but the ground being rather favorable, I succeeded in checking the enemy so suddenly in his effort to turn our line that he did not afterwards attempt seriously to get around our flank, nor did he even have time to discover the strength of our line or number of our forces at that point. In this engagement, which lasted from one o clock until dark, the enemy made some seven dis tinct assaults upon our lines, which we hand somely repulsed, with heavy loss on his part each time. Toward evening I received an order from Colonel R. F. Catterson, 9yth Indiana Infantry, who in the meantime had assumed command of the Brigade, owing to Brigadier General Wal- cutt s having been wounded, to be ready, with a heavy skirmish line in my front, to charge the enemy at the sound of the bugle and to bring in such of the enemy as had remained behind in the last repulse and taken shelter under the cover of a ravine which ran along our front. This move ment was accordingly executed and resulted in the capture of several prisoners, most of whom were wounded. We found a considerable num ber of small arms, which I had brought in and turned over to the Brigade Commander and the wounded men were sent back to the hospital for care and treatment. After the close of the tight and the gathering up of all the prisoners obtain able and the property left by the enemy on the field, in obedience to orders received, we with drew from the works and rejoined the column. In this engagement, I lost 2 men killed and 18 156 wounded, a list of which is hereto attached, as follows: Captain Eli J. Sherlock, "A," wounded right foot by an ex ploding shell. George Buchanan, "A," wounded left shoulder; shrapnell. Levi B. Powell, "A," wounded left hand and knee; minnie ball; severe. Aaron Wolford, Corporal, "C," killed. Joseph Harris, Corporal, "E," wounded left arm. Henry Eairchild, Corporal, "C," wounded right thigh; severe. Thomas X. Holloway, Private, "G," wounded in jaw; severe; minnie ball. Jacob Baumgarten, Private, "I, "killed. William Kelley, "I," wounded thigh and shoulder; severe. Elias H. Jones, "I," wounded hip; died. Daniel Trout, "I," wounded head; severe. Robert Ostler, "I," wounded head. John M. Cook, I," wounded head and shoulder. James Bolinger, First Lieutenant, ;K," wounded right hip. Bart. F. Smith. "K, wounded face; severe. J. X. Xorwood, "K," wounded leg; severe. George Borntrager, "K," wounded leg; severe. Moses X. Pugh, "K," wounded in breast. \1 ichael Grumen, "K," wounded in abdomen. William Pollard, "K," wounded right hand; severe. Francis E. Gillett, "C," killed. Total killed, 3; total wounded, 18; missing, none. Total number of casualties, 21. Prisoners captured represent that the enemy attacked us with 15 Regiments of Infantry and 7 Regiments of Cavalry, and yet the gallantry of our men \vas such that w^e successfully held him at bay, and drove him from the field. In justice to my men, I should state that at one time, the ammunition being scarce, they vol untarily fixed bayonets and expressed their de termination to hold their line as long as there was a man of them left. My officers all behaved with conspicuous gallantry and at all times dur ing the engagement kept cheering their men and telling them to hold their ground and beat back the enemy. My Regiment occupying and hold* 157 ing the left flank center and right flank of the Brigade line, I could not well be present at each point but a part of the time, but I am assured that every man and officer did his full duty and behaved gallantly. The strength of my Regi ment in this engagement was 330 effective men, armed as follows: Springfield rifled muskets, cal 58 305 Spencer rifles, cal 52 25 Total number of guns 330 (Official Report R. M. Johnson.) Col. Catterson s report of the battle (Ex tract): kt lt was at this moment that Gen. Walcutt received a severe wound and was compelled to leave the field. I immediately assumed com mand and discovered the enemy moving to the right. I suppose he contemplated turning my right flank. As I had already disposed of every available man in the Brigade, and my left being so strongly pressed, that not a man could be spared from it. I sent to the General com manding the Division for two Regiments. The 1 2th Indiana Infantry was sent and immediately placed in position to the extreme right, also a squadron of cavalry to watch the right and left flanks; but the day was already ours, as the enemy had been repulsed and driven from the field. I immediately sent forward a line of skir mishers, who succeeded in capturing about 42 prisoners and 150 small arms. The battle com menced at 2 :30 P. M. and lasted until sunset. During the engagement the enemy made three separate charges, and were as o ten repulsed, with 158 o terrible slaughter. I would gladly notice the many deeds of daring during the action, but to do so of every man who distinguished himself would be to mention each man by name in the Brigade; but suffice it to say, the conduct of both officers and men was most superb. The loss of the Brigade in killed \vas 14; in wounded, 42 this number includes only those sent to the hos pital. The loss of the enemy in killed and wounded could not have been less than 1,500, about 300 of whom were killed." (Catterson s Official Report, 92-105.) General Woods report: "I cannot speak in too high terms of the coolness and gallantry of Brig. Gen. C. C. Wal- cutt and Col. R. F. Catterson, 97th Indiana In fantry. The skill with which they handled the troops and the result s obtained, sho\v them to be men of marked ability. The Rebel loss, as near as could be ascertained without actual count, was 300 killed and from 700 to 1,200 wounded. Ma jor General Phillips, Col. Mann, 5th Georgia, and Col. George are reported by the prisoners taken to have been killed, and Brig. Gen. Ander son to have been wounded. Twenty-eight pris oners were captured and turned over to the Pro vost Marshal of the i5th Army Corps. Fifteen wounded were brought in and left in a house, not having transportation for them. Our loss was 13 killed, 79 wounded and 2 missing." (Official Report Gen. Woods, 92-98.) The following is Gen. Osterhaus report of the battle: 4t ln the afternoon the Rebel commander 159 brought forward four Bigades* of Infantry and a battery of artillery, supported by a strong cavalry force, to dislodge* Gen. Walcutt from his position. For several hours their attempts were repeated, with the greatest impetuosity. Their artillery threw a terrific fire into the frail works of Walcutt, while their columns of infantry marched in heroic style to within fifty yards of our line. It was all in vain. Walcutt and his brave Brigade proved that superior skill, coolness and valor made up for the great disparity in numbers. When night came on the enemy retired, leaving over 300 dead on the battlefield and a number of wounded, who were taken care of by our medical corps; also a number of prisoners were taken. Our loss was comparatively light. The brave Gen. Walcutt was wounded by a piece of shell during the fight and Col. Catterson assumed the command of the Brigade. 11 (Official Report General Osterhaus, 92-830 The following congratulatory order was is sued to our Brigade by General Howard: Headquarters Department and Army of the Tennessee. Gordon, Ga., November 23, 1864. Major-General Osterhaus, "Commanding Fifteenth Army Corps: "General: I take sincere pleasure in con gratulating the Brigade of General Walcutt, of General Woods Division, of the Fifteenth Corps, on its complete success in the action of yesterday. Officers from other commands, who were look ing on, say that there never was a better Brigade *This report should read six Brigades, 160 of soldiers. I am exceedingly sorry that any of our brave men should fall, and for the suffering of those that are wounded. The thanks of the army are doubly due to them. I tender my sym pathy through you to the brave and excellent commander of the Brigade, Brigadier-General Walcutt. It is hoped that his wound may not disable him. 4 Very respectfully, your obedient servant, t; O. O. Howard, Major-General. "P. S. The loss of the enemy is estimated from 1,500 to 2,000 killed, wounded and prison ers. t; O. O. Howard, Major -General. 11 (Rebellion Records, Serial 92, page 96.) , The following is General Sherman s notice of the battle: 4 During the 2oth, General Kilpatrick made a good feint on Macon, driving the enemy within his intrenchments, and then drew back to Gris- woldville, where Walcutt s Brigade of infantry joined him to cover that rlank, whilst Howard s trains were closing up, and his men scattered, breaking up railroads. The enemy came out of Macon (22) and attacked Walcutt in position, but was so roughly handled that he never re peated the experiment."" (Official report Gen eral Sherman, 92-788.) A portion of the troops we fought at Gris- woldville were the same state line troops who, under General G. W. Smith, fought us at Kene- saw and Atlanta. The following is an extract from General G. W. Smith s Confederate report of the battle: 4 Notwithstanding my order to avoid an en- 161 gagement at that time and place, a collision oc- cured, we being the attacking party. Several of the best field officers of the command were killed or wounded. On this occasion the State and Confederate forces were confronted by Wood s Division of the I5th Army Corps, General Wai- cutt s Brigade, with two pieces of artillery, be ing in advance. The battle of Griswoldville will be remembered as an unfortunate accident, whose occurence might have been avoided by the exer cise of proper caution and circumspection. It in no wise crippled the movements of the enemy and entailed upon the Confederates a loss, which under the circumstances could be illy sustained. 1 (Jones Siege of Savannah, 26-7.) (From official report General G. W. Smith, serial 92, 414). The following is from the official report of Brigadier- General Phillips, who commanded the Confederates at the Battle of Griswoldville: "The officers and men deported themselves well during the entire action, which lasted from 3 p. M. until dark, held their positions and re tired in good order to Griswoldville, where I had intended to encamp, and bring off those of our wounded and dead that had not been removed from the battle field; but, on my reaching Gris woldville, I received an order from the Major- General commanding ordering me to fall back to the trenches at Macon, where I arrived about 2 o clock A. M. "I can but believe if the flank movement had been carried out with all the forces assigned to that duty that it would have resulted in dis lodging and probably routing the enemy, not withstanding that he was I am satisfied fully equal if not superior to our forces. Whilst we 162 have to regret the loss of many gallant officers O J O and men, yet we cannot but hope that they died not in vain. 11 (Jones 1 Siege of Savannah, p. 31. Official report General Phillips. ) It will be observed that General Phillips makes no statement concerning the number killed and wounded. The writer has been three times over the field since the war and men are living there now (1896) who helped to bury the dead, and it is firmly stated that the Confederate loss was i, 600, or more men than we had engaged, of whom 312 were killed. The looth Indiana picketed the battlefield that night, and aided all the Confederate wound ed left on the field. The enemy had removed the most of their wounded and dead during the last assault. On the 231^1 our Brigade moved out at 9 A. M. five miles to Gordon and encamped; a total of 128 miles. On the 24th we marched at 7 A. M., 13 miles without a halt, to Irwinton, Wilkinson county, and went into camp. The Cavalry Corps crossed from the right wing over to the left wing at Milledgeville, and crossed the Oco- nee river at that place. Friday, November 25th, at 6:30 A. M., we marched 12 miles to Lightwood Natural Bridge and went into camp; total, 153 miles. We opened on the enemy at the Oconee river with Artillery, the I2th Wisconsin Battery. Our men set one end of the bridge on fire, while the Rebel forces were firing on them from the other. See following Rebel dispatches: 163 "Oconee, November 24, 1864, 8:55 P. M. u Major- General -McJLaws: ct l have held the bridge to the last extrem ity. The enemy have succeeded in setting fire to the trestlework on the other end of the bridge; it is burning slowly. We still hold this side, and shall continue to hold it, until driven back. The enemy are in heavy foree on the other side. 1 believe I have more than Kilpatrick s Division in front of me. Wheeler has not yet come up. "II. C. Wayne, Major-General." (92-892.) The Confederate Cavalry in our front on the march to the sea were more than twice the num ber General Kilpatrick had, as shown by the following dispatch: "Oconee, November 24, 1864. "Captain Elliott, "Assistant Adjutant-General : "General Wheeler w r ith 10,000 men is cross ing Blackshear Ferry, twenty miles below here, and he is coming to our assistance. We still hold our position at the bridge. The enemy have burned the long trestle on the other side. Our loss this morning, 2 killed and 5 wounded. "A. L. Hartridge, "Major, Commanding. 1 1 The strength of Wheeler 1 s Cavalry is also & ^ shown by the following dispatch, dated Augusta, November 24, 1864: "Dr. W. S. Morris: "General Wheeler with 10,000 men is now r 1G4 crossing Oconee river twenty miles below bricjo-e at Blackshear Ferry, and coming to assistance of General Wayne. Enemy have burned Ion- trestle work on other side of bridge. U J. A. Brenner." (92-894.) On the 26th, we marched to the Oconee The i 5 th and i 7 th Corps marched side by side. We crossed the river at Ball s Ferry and encamped at Irwin s Cross Roads, havin- marched 15 miles and a total of 168 miles. Quite a Rebel force was stationed at this ferry and op- posed the advance for a short time, when they were shelled out by the i2th Wisconsin Battery On the 27th we marched east from Irwin s Cross Roads, on the main Savannah road. The looth Indiana covered the train. We went into camp at 8 P. M . near the village of Drummond, having marched 15 miles; total, 183 miles. The cavalry had another brush with Wheeler s at fcylvan Grove. It then struck the railroad at Waynesborough, burned the station and a train of cars, and also the bridge over Briar Creek. It was the intention to surprise the garrison at Mil- ten and liberate our prisoners, but it was here as certained that they had been removed two days before. Wheeler again attacked our cavalry with the usual result. The cavalry crossed the Ogeechee at the Shoals and struck the railroad at Waynesborough. (92-363.) On the 28th, we moved out from Drummond at an early hour and marched to the southeast irough Johnson county, Georgia, and encamped near the eastern edge of that county, having marched 13 miles. The Cavalry Division was near 165 Waynesborough . It crossed Rocky Creek and waited for the Rebel cavalry to come up, which it did, the entire Rebel force charging as it came on, but it was repulsed again and again, and was forced to retire after losing not less than 600 men killed and wounded. (92-55.) On the 2 cjth, the looth Indiana marched in rear of the I5th Army Corps train, on the head waters of the Cannouchee River, with scarcely a halt all day. The soldiers captured a great many horses and mules, which were hidden in the timber by citi/ens on our approach. Marched ten miles; total 206 miles. About 9 P. M. we waded across a deep creek. The cavalry was on the left and was drawn up on the Louisville and Millen Road, and at about 2 P. M.the enemv charged upon the cavalry and was repulsed with great disaster. On the 3oth, we marched through Pine Bar rens toward the Cannouchee River, we passed through Summerville, Georgia, and went into camp at noon, having marched 12 miles; total 218. The country was very poor. Very few farms or plantations; we marched in the pine woods all day. Saw very few citi/ens. On the 3oth, Wheeler with about 12,000 Cavalry attacked Morgan s Division of the i.|th Army Corps, and was repulsed at Louisville by the loth Michigan. On the same day the Cavalry on the Louisville and Millen Road were attacked several times from the rear by the Confederate Cavalry. (92-183.) On December ist, the looth marched early in the advance from the vicinity of Battle Ground to within three-fourths of a mile of the Ogeechee River, here we found a better country; 166 forage was plenty. We marched 10 miles; total 228. The iyth Corps moved down the east side of the Ogeechee, destroying the depots and rail roads. December 2nd we marched early in a very swampy country on the west side of the Ogee- chee and very close to that stream. We only marched ^ miles; total 233. The whole army made a kind of left wheel upon Savannah, and we occupied the right. This gave us the short est distance to travel. December 3d we remained in camp all day. December 4th we marched before daylight down the west side of the Ogeechee River, through a low swampy country. We got some rice straw for the animals the first we had seen. Ma-rched 15 miles, total 248 miles. The 1 4th Corps moved at 6:30 A. M. ten miles across the country toward the Savannah River, took dinner at Hargroves Plantation and encamped near Habersham (92-184). The 2oth A. C. crossed the Little Ogeechee at 5 P. M., having in charge the ammunition train, pontoon train and the Corps supply train, and had a skir mish with the enemy at that place (92-19). The cavalry had an engagement with the enemy, which was a hand to hand encounter. There were left on the Held more than two hundred Rebels who were all wounded by sabre cuts only. The tight took place right in the town of Waynesborough. There was also an engagement at Lumpkins station, one at Station number 5 on the railroad, and one at Statesborough by General Ilazen s Division of the i5th Corps. The enemy was routed after thirty minutes lighting. (92-62) On the 5th we marched early and hard, 167 clown the Ogeechee and crossed Belcher s Mill Creek. The Rebels had burned the bridge. This was the first si^ns of an enemy we had seen for several days. They were reported to be in force across the Ogeechee. Forage was plenty. We traveled on the main Savannah road twenty miles, total 268 miles (92-33 ). The looth Indiana and the 4Oth Illinois were put in the rear of the Pontoon train. We marched at 3 P. M. down the river fourteen miles, total 282 miles. We got possession of the ford, but had some skirmishing with the enemy to do so. Some of the i 5th Corps crossed the Ogeechee. The lyth Corps destroyed railroad all day ( 92-32). The looth Indiana and 46th Ohio were or dered to cross the Ogeechee above Wright s toll bridge and to feel forward some distance and then fortify strongly. This we did and remained in our works until 11:15 P. M., at which time we were recalled. We re -crossed the river and re joined the Brigade. The trains, troops and the cattle for the army had all passed before our re call. The river bottom was very bad, the stream being divided into six channels at that point. The i yth Corps marched all night in quick-sand bottoms and bad roads. (92-33.) A Brigade of Rebels behind some rail piles at Jenck s bridge, were very handsomely routed by* a Regiment of IlazeiVs Division, the 53rd Ohio. (92-649.) December 8th, the Tooth marched at 6:30 A. M. We forded several small streams during the day, all running into the Ogeechee. We ob- tained some Rebel newspapers containing an ac count of Hood s defeat at Franklin on the 3Oth 168 of November. We marched 23 miles; total, 30 v Firing toward the Cannouchee eoulcl be plainly heard. The Rebels opposed the crossing of that stream by Ilazen s and John E. Smith 1 s Divisions, with two pieces of Artillery and with Infantry, but they retired quickly before these forces. (92, Ilazen, no.) On Friday, the 9th, the night was cold and the xooth remained in camp. The country was swampy; heavy tiring was heard toward Savan nah. I la/en s Division crossed the Cannouchee river in the morning and struck the Gulf railroad near Eden, and destroyed about ten miles of track. One Brigade of John E. Smith s Division moved forward to the Ogeechee canal and skir mished with the enemy until dark and went into bivouac 14 miles from Savannah. (92 Itin., 29.) The 1 7th Corps skirmished with the Rebels during the day. Several torpedoes, which had been planted by the Rebels in the road, exploded, killing and wounding several men. The Corps encamped at Pooler s Station. (92 Itin., 32.) On the loth, the looth marched at 8 A. M. down the west side of the Ogeechee River, over a very swampv country, crossed the river on pontoons at noon; the approach was very bad, and a great many horses, mules and cattle were lost in the quagmire by getting off the corduroy. We followed the Ogeechee Canal nine miles in the direction of Savannah, then turned to the right two miles and built works, having marched 1 8 miles; total 323. The 2oth Corps "reached the main line of the enemy s works in front of Savannah and took position on the left, with its left resting on the Savannah River, the i4th on. the right of the 169 2oth and joining the left of the iyth Corps be yond the canal near Lawson s Plantation. The line was as close as possible to the enemy, and preparations were made for an assault. Bat teries were established on the Savannah River, so as to prevent any boats from passing. The steamer ; Ida, ? while attempting to pass up the river, was captured on the loth and burned. 11 December iith the entire four Corps were in line all night, just out of range of the Artillery. We got up at 4:30 A. M., w^hen the picket lines were engaged briskly; at day break there w r as heavy cannonading on both sides, a w r ide, deep creek was between our lines and a Rebel Fort, which was right in our front. Corse s Division was shifted to the right, and at noon we left our \vorks to rill up the gap thus made in the line. We left the main road, moved two miles to the right and rested till night, when we covered our train, which passed all night within short range of the Rebel Batteries. (92-Osterhaus-88 .) We formed in line on Corse s left, with our left on the main Savannah Road. The roads were nothing but quagmires. We had 400 ne groes, who constructed of pine logs and poles a double corduroy from our front to the rear. These dispositions put the Union Army in line around Savannah and completely invested the city, leaving only the causeway leading to the east as a means of escape for the Confederate Army, which, including Wheeler s Cavalry and FergusorTs command, numbered about thirty thousand (30,000) or just about half as many men as were in the- Union forces. General Ilar- 170 dee had about 18,000 inside of the city s defences, about 300 pieces of artillery; the Rebels had cut the Ogeechee Canal and had overflowed the rice Melds and all the low lands between their outer defenses and our lines, so that there were but few plaees where an assaulting- column would not have to charge through water several feet deep and in many plaees a quarter of a mile wide, before the enemy s works could be reached, which of itself would, in December, have been sufficient to kill a man. Had such not have been the conditions and situation, the Union Army would have moved right into Savannah, imme diately on its arrival in front of the city. The position of the Union Army around Savannah was: the i^th Corps on the right; the 2oth Corps on the left; the ryth Corps," the right cen tre, and the i4th Corps the left centre. (Serial 92, pp. 88, 440.) I will now give the position of the Confed erate forces as they confronted our line during the the siege. The Confederates began to fortify Savannah as soon as the Union Army left At lanta, under the direction of John McCrady, Mc- Laws chief engineer. The first guns were put in position on the 2oth of November, and the first troops entered the works on the jth of De cember. Beginning with the Confederate right, that is, the troops in front of the 2oth Corps, was the Georgia state troops, reaching from the Savannah River almost to the Georgia Central Road; Gen. G.W. Smith, a front of about two miles, his right under Gen. Anderson, his left under Gen. Cars- well. About 2,000 men of the Georgia state troops were intrenched near the Louisville road, 171 and the ist Brigade of the Georgia militia on the Augusta road; the spaee between was occupied by the Cadets. The 2d and ^d Brigades of the Georgia militia held the line from the Augusta road to the bank of the Savannah River (making two lines at this point). Col. Hill with the 3d Georgia Brigade occupied the advance works. On Col. Williamson s rice canals he had a de tachment of Cadets and Pruden s Battery, sup ported by Anderson s Light Battery and Hamil ton s Battalion of Light Artillery . (Jones Siege of Savannah.") General McLaw s Division formed the center of the Confederate line; it began just to the right of the Georgia Central Railroad and extended along in front of the I4th and i7th Corps to the Daly Farm. His left was commanded by Gen eral Baker and his right by General Lewis. This Division was made up in part of North Carolina Troops, 4th Tennessee, I2th South Carolina Cavalry, the 2d, 4th and 9th Kentucky, the 3d Georgia Reserves, the Athens, Georgia, Brigade, the 5th Georgia Reserves and the ist Georgia Regulars, Daniel s and Abell s Batteries, sup ported by Barnwell and Wagner s Batteries. The Confederate left was commanded by Gen eral A. R. Wright, extending from the Daly I "arm or Telfair Swamp to the railroad bridge over the Little O^eechee. His subordinates were c^ General Hugh W. Mercer, who had the line from Telfair Swamp to Lawton s house, and General Jackson, from Lawton s house to the bridge. Along this line was the Augusta and Athens Bat talions, Nesbit s Regiment, Brook s Battalion, the 55th Georgia, the Augusta Artillerists, Clem en s Battalion, Richardson and Barnwell Batteries, 172 Wheeler and Simpkins, Jackson s Local Infantry and Battery, Barnes, Von Zinken s Local troops, Ferguson s Brigade Savannah Local Reserves, Brook s Light Battery, Jones and Gerard Bat teries, Moxville s, Hamilton s and BarnwelFs Artillery. (See u The Siege of Savannah," by Charles C. Jones, Jr., Lt. Col. and Ilardee s Chief of Artillery. ) These organizations foot up nearly 20,000; sixty-four organizations were in our front. Mr. Jones says there were only 16,745 inside the fortifications. (See ib. 91.) Fort flcAllister. December i ( 3th. The following is from General Hazen s official report of the assault on Fort McAllister: u At daybreak on the i3th of December, the troops were put in motion, reaching the vicin ity of McAllister at about u A. M. About one mile from the Fort a picket was captured, reveal ing the whereabouts of a line of torpedoes across the road. Some time was lost in safely remov ing them, when leaving eight Regiments at that point, nine were carried forward "to about 600 yards from the Fort, and deployed with a line of skirmishers sufficiently near the Fort to keep the gunners from working their guns with any effect, those firing in the rear being in Barbette. The grounds to the right of the Fort being mostly cut through by deep streams, rendered the deploy ment of that part of the line slow and difficult, and was not completely effected till 4:45 p. M., at which time every officer and man of the nine 173 Regiments being instructed what to do, the bugle sounded the forward, and at precisely 5 o clock the Fort was carried. The troops were deployed in one line as thin as possible, the result being that no man was struck in the assault till the/came to close quarters. Here the lighting became desperate and deadly. Just outside the works a line of torpedoes had been placed, many of which were exploded by the head of the troops, blowing many men to atoms, but the line moved on without checking, over under and through abatis, ditches, palisading and parapet, righting the garrison through the Fort to their bomb proofs," from which they still fought, and only succumbed as each man was overpowered, individually. 11 (92-IIa/en, no.) Notes of the Battle. The Union loss was 24 killed and no wounded. Captain John II. Grace, of the 3oth Ohio, who led the first assault on Vicksburg, was killed. Colonel Wells S. Jones, 531-1! Ohio, Commanding Brigade, was severely wounded. The Regiments most conspicuous for gallantry were the yoth, 47th and ^oth Ohio Infantry. The captures were, including killed, 250 officers and men, 24 pieces of Artillery, 40 tons of am munition and a large amount of public and pri vate property. (92-IIa/en, in.) The capture of McAllister was announced to to the army in Field Order No. 131. The garrison of Fort McAllister was com manded by Major George W. Anderson. It 171 consisted of the Emmett Rifles, Clinch s Light Buttery, Companies tk D 11 and ^E, 11 and the ist Regiment of Georgia Reserves. The following are the Confederate casualties: Captain X. B. Clinch, of Clinch s Light Battery, n wounds; Captain Morrison, shot through both legs; the total of killed and wounded 48, 16 of who7n were killed. (See Jones 1 Siege of Savannah, 127.) The fall of this fort put us in communication with our fleet. We had had no communication with the outer world since November 1 5th. Tnere was great anxiety for our safety in the North. But little had been heard of us for thirty days and we were denominated "The Lost Army/ 11 General Sherman, at 11:30 P.M., on thei{th, dispatched the Secretary of War that we had reached the coast in safety and had established ourselves on salt water as a basis, and that the whole army was in excellent condition. (92 Sherman, 101.) The Union troops all along our lines tight ened their grip on Savannah. Only one road around the city was not in our possession. On the night of the i6th a sergeant and fifteen men of Brooks 1 Rebel Battalion, being part of Mer cer s command, forced their pickets on the cause way and deserted in a body to the Union side, with their arms and accoutrements. ( [ones 1 Sieo-e of Savannah, 137. ) By the lyth we had drawn our lines so tightly around the city that the General felt as if a demand for its surrender should be made. He therefore sent a flag of truce in on the Augusta Road, demanding of General Ilardee the sur render of the citv. After due consideration, General Ilardee sent his answer to General Sherman s demand for a surrender, in which the demand was re fused. As soon as Ilardee s refusal to surrender was received, orders were issued to all commanders and the lines were tightened, and the Union sol diers increased their lire on the Confederate lines of works, and preparations for an assault w r ere be gun. These facts being observed by General Hardee, preparations for an evacuation of the city by the Rebel army was begun, and General Beauregard dispatched General Hardee that: # -x- Whenever you shall have to se lect between the safety of your forces and that of Savannah, sacrifice the latter and form a junction with General Jones." And on the 9th the order was repeated in substance. (Jones 1 Siege of Sa vannah, 109.) And on the i5th Beauregard had dispatched Ilardee that: "Under no circumstan ces must he be cut off from joining with General Jones. M (Serial 92-967.) On the 1 8th Jefferson Davis dispatched General R. E. Lee to send two Divisions from his army to Ilardee in Savannah, to resist our ap proach. General Lee answered Mr. Davis that he could not do it without imperiling Richmond. (92 Davis, 966.) Ilardee seeing therefore that Lee could give him no assistance, on the i9th sent out to his Generals a ^ confidential circular," giving all the details of and instructions for, the evacuation of the city, in substance as follows: The light batteries were to cross the Savan nah River first, then the troops at Whitemarsh, Fort Jackson and Bartow, next the troops at Rosedew, Bcaulieu, etc., then at 8 P. M.Wright s was to begin crossing on the pontoons. McLaw s 176 Division to follow at n i>. M ., General Smith s Division at 12 midnight. Wright s skirmish line to leave their works at 10:30 and Smith s at 2 A. M. Pontoons to be destroyed, heavy artil lery spiked, Ammunition thrown into the river and all guns on inner defenses to be spiked (Jones Siege of Savannah, 155.) (Serial 92-967.) Before the time for General Hardee s army to evacuate a fog arose, which became so dense that no movements of any kind could be made. The pontoons were laid across the river at the foot of Broad street. On account of this delay Eiardee issued a second confidential circular on the morning of the 2oth, ordering that the evacu ation take place on the night of that date and the pontoons were thickly covered with rice straw to deaden all sounds. The evacuation took place, so that by 3 o clock A. M. on the 2ist his army was safely on the east side of the Savannah River. (Serial 92-972.) On the 22nd, General Sherman moved his headquarters into the city of Savannah, and the different Corps of the Army were located in and about the city. Thirty-one thousand bales of Cotton and 350 cannon fell into our hands; also railroad cars, engines, steamboats and immense quantities of rice and public and private property, Everything was quiet in the city, a good provost guard was placed on duty, and quiet and order reigned everywhere. General Sherman sent the following message to President Lincoln: 177 "Savannah, December 22, 1864. "To His Excellency, President Lincoln. "Washington, D. C. "I beg to present you, as a Christmas gift, the city of Savannah, with one hundred and titty heavy guns and plenty of ammunition; also, about twenty-five thousand bales of cotton. U W. T. Sherman, "Major- General. 11 (9 2 ~7 8 3) This message was received by the President the evening before Christmas, and was published throughout the North, in the morning papers of that day, and is said to have greatly added to the joy and festivities of the occasion throughout the country. Hardee s Army was moved to Charleston and other points. The General on the morning of the I9th, sent two Divisions from Savannah to destroy the Gulf railroad as far Southwest as the Altamaha river. The icoth Indiana, with 150 wagons, went in the same direction for forage The first day 20 miles were made, the second the expedition passed through Ilinesville and en camped at Walthourville; on the 2ist passed on toward the^Altamaha bridge, loaded 150 wagons of the 15 A. C. train with corn and other forage, gathered up TOO head of beef cattle, and returned to Savannah on the 23rd, and encamped on the Ogeechee road, near to and on the west side of the city. The following is a correct list of casualties ITS since we left Atlanta the i2th clay of November 1804: Killed. Wounded. Missiiur Aireret>- >t,> Off. Men. Off. Men. Off. Men. Off Men 5th and 17th 5 35 11 172 00 19 16 226 14th and 20th.. 2 23 6 112 1 258 9 393 Cav - Dlv " 3 35 17 120 00 000 10 155 10 93 24 404 1 277 35 774 Confederate prisoners captured: Off. Men. Total- loth and 17th A. Cs 04. 209 aaa 14th and 20thA.C s V.V.V.V.: . . . . . . . 30 409 439 Cav - Ulv 13 220 233 77 1,261 1,338 The total loss in making the" march was 10 officers killed, 24 wounded and i missing; total, 35 officers, 93 men killed, 404 wounded, 277 missing; total 774 men; total, men and officers, 809. The prisoners captured numbered 77 offi cers and 1,261 men; total, 1,338. The loss of the enenw in killed and wounded will probably never be known, but must have been 4,000, as nearly or quite one-half of that number were killed and wounded at Griswoldville alone. (Serial 92-15.) The looth Indiana sustained the severest loss of any Regiment on the march to the sea. At Griswoldville it had temporary works. The enemy were in the open field in its front, but the tire of the Regiment was so withering and terri bly destructive that the Confederates were not able to deliver their tire with any effect. Had it not been for these three conditions, the looth Indi ana would certainly have been almost annihilated. More than one-half of the Confederate dead and wounded at Griswoldville were in its front. In 179 that engagement the 327 enlisted men of the looth Indiana, killed and wounded, upon a fail- estimate, a thousand men, or more than three to the man. So that in truth, and without egotism, it may be said that the looth Indiana occupies, with respect to the march to the sea, the highest place of honor. The Union Cavalry, on the march to the Sea, numbered 5,000. The Confederates had more than twice that number. General Wheeler alone having ten or twelve thousand, besides there were other smaller commands. In every encounter the Union Cavalry were the victors on the march to the Sea. It had 38 killed, 127 wounded, and 233 captured; total loss 398. (Serial 92, p. 15. ) On receipt of General Kilpatrick\s Official Report of the operations of the Cavalry on the march to the Sea, General Sherman sent that officer a very flattering letter in acknowledgment of the very efficient manner in which his com mand was handled on the march to the sea. (92-368.) General Lee issued the following general orders to the Confederate Generals, after which no reliable reports of their losses were ever made: Headquarters Army of Northern Virginia. General Orders No. 63. May i4th, 1863. The practice which prevails in the army, of including in the list of casualties, those cases of slight injuries, is calculated to mislead our friends and encourage our enemies, by giving false impressions as to the extent of our losses, 180 It is therefore ordered, that in the future, the reports of the wounded shall only include those whose injuries in the opinion of the medical officers render them unlit for duty. It has also been observed, that the published "reports of cas ualties are in some instances accompanied by a statement of the number of men taken into ac tion. The commanding General deems it un necessary to do more than to direct the atten tion of the officers to the impropriety of thus furnishing the enemy with the means~ of com puting our strength. In order to insure the im mediate suppression of this pernicious and useless custom . By command of General Lee. W. II. Taylor, Assistant Adjutant General. (Cox Regimental losses, S59-) Beginning with the engagement at Five Points, Virginia, January i, and ending with the engagement at Point Spring, Alabama, on December 29, 1864, there were fought during that year, seven hundred and seventy-nine battles and skirmishes. The most important of these en gagements and such as the losses on one side or the other amounted to five hundred or more, to gether with the losses on each side respectively, are given below, to wit: 181 Date. Engagement. Federal Confed. l^OSS. .LOSS. February 20 Olustee, Fla l.- 8 965 April 8 Sabine Cross Roads, La -.900 l.oOO Apr il 9pieasant Hill, La. . . . 1,101) Apiil 12 Fort Pillow, Term 574 April 17-20-Plymouth, N. C. April 30 Jenkins Ferry, Ark 1.155 I 100 May 5-7-Wilderness, Va 37,737 11,409 May 5 _9^Rocky Face to Dalton May 8-18 -Spottsylvania to the Nye 26,461 May 9-10-Swift Creek, Va 490 500 May 9-10 New River and Cloyd s Mountain. . 745 May 12-16 Drury s Bluff, Va... 3,012 2,500 May 13-16 Resaca, Georgia 2,600 May 15 Newmarket, Va.. 405 May 16-30 Bermuda Hundred . . . 1,200 May 23-27 Battle on North Anna River 1,973 May 25 to June 4 Dallas, Georgia 2,400 3,000 June 12-Cold Harbor, Va 14,931 1,700 June5 Piedmont, Va... . 780 2,970 June 9-30 Battles about Kenesaw, Georgia. . 8,670 4,600 June 10 Guntown, Mississippi -,-40 June 11-12 Trevillian Station. Va 735 370 July 6-10 Chattahoochee River, Georgia . 730 600 July 9_Monocacy, Md 1,959 405 July 13-15 Tupelo, Mississippi July 20 Peach Tree Creek.. . 1,710 4,79(J July 22 Atlanta, First Sortie 3,641 8,499 July 28 Ezra Chapel, Ga., 15th Army Corps. . 584 July 30- -Petersburg Mine Explosion . 4,008 August 14-18 Strawberry Plains, Va. . . 3,550 1,109 August 18-21-Six Mile House 4,543 4,000 August 25 Ream s Station 2,442 1,500 August 31 Jonesboro, Georgia 1,149 2,UOO Sept 1 to Oct. 30 Trenches before Petersburg.. . 1,804 1,000 September 28-30-New Market Heights, Va.. . 2,429 2,060 October 5 Allatoona, Georgia 700 1,942 October 19 Cedar Creek, Va.. 5,905 4,200 October 27 Hatcher s Run 1,902 1,000 November 22 Griswoldville, Ga., March to Sea. . 84 1,600 November 30 Franklin, Tennessee.. . 2,326 6,252 December 16 Nashville, Tennessee.. 2,140 15,00 182 At Savannah and Beaufort, January, 1865. ITINERARY Of the march of the Federal arm) under Gen eral Sherman through the Carolinas in the year 1865, written at the time the events occurred, by Captain EH J. Sherlock, of the looth Regiment of Indiana Infantry, to which is added excerpts and extracts from the official reports and corres pondence, Federal and Confederate, of that cam paign, published by the Government in 1895-6, in Serials 98, 99 and 100. The events recorded relate principally to such operations as were participated in by the looth Indiana. On the 2nd of January an "extremely con fidential" order was issued by General Sherman, directing that the right wing should move to Beaufort by transports, and that the left wing and Cavalry should work across the causeway to Ilardeeville, and by a rapid movement secure Sis ter s Ferry and the Augusta Railroad to Roberts- ville, and the troops, guns, shot, shell, provisions and wagons to be ready about Pocotaligo 4t for another swath/ 1 all to move in the direction of Columbia about the i5th, and all necessary prep arations for this purpose were at once begun, al though the weather was very unfavorable. (99-8.) January 7, 1865, preparations for the move ment into the Carolinas progressed rapidly. The landing of the iyth Corps at Beaufort threatened Charleston, while the left wing passed up the 183 river to Sister s Ferry, so as to threaten Augus ta. (99-2.) On the 8th, the i5th Army Corps reeeived orders to march, and on the 9th it began to move to Thunderbolt Bay under General Woods 1 Special Orders No. 6 at 7 A. M. On the i8th, at 8 A. M., we embarked on a transport at Thunderbolt and landed at Beaufort, South Carolina, and went into camp before night, near the old city, which had a dilapidated ap pearance and was very full of negroes. On the 1 9th, we had reveille at 5, marched at 8 A. M. about 4 miles out on the Pocotaliiro I c") road and went into camp. On the 2oth, rain fell all day. We spent the night without shelter. During the day our tents and ba^a^e O J O c"> O arrived from Savannah. A detachment of the 1 7th Corps made a reconnoisance from Pocotali- go to the Salkehatchie river, and had an encounter with a Confederate force of General Wright s Division. (9970. ) On the 26th, we were located about 50 miles from Savannah in the direction of Charles ton. The left wing occupied the country about 40 miles above Savannah. The distance between the two being about 30 miles, the former threat ening Charleston and the latter Augusta. The Confederate Generals were in a quandary as to which place we would go. A military commis sion composed of Hardee, G. W. Smith, and Beauregard was held, to consider what it was best to do. This body announced officially that it was impossible for an army to move through North and South Carolina in mid-winter. It was not the plan to move against either of those 184 places, but to do just what this commission de cided we could not do. On the 27th, we had heavy and continuous rains, making the roads simply impassable. We took up our line of march on this date in the di rection of Gardner 1 s Corners, marched out about 4 miles without a halt, and found some ground high enough to keep us out of the water. (99-137.) The Confederate Generals were at sea as to what our intentions were and did little else than to exchange dispatches informing each other where they were and communicating such facts as they observed in regard to our move ments. (See these dispatches in 99-101 1, et seq. ) We waited all day in the rain on the 28th, and until 8 A. M. on the 29th, expecting every hour. to move. We marched 21 miles out from Gardner s Corners over a low wet country which was the picture of desolation; not an animal or citizen was to be seen. We encamped 25 miles out from Beaufort the way the road leads. On the 3oth, we marched at 7 A. M., through mud, water, sand and pine woods. The sun shone very warm that day. We marched about ten miles, to McPhersonville, South Carolina, and encamped among the tall pines; there were no houses to be seen in the part of the town em braced in our camp. The i7th Corps w r as on our right and had been firing on the enemy all day. A skirmish also took place at Lawtonville (98-2) between Wheeler s Cavalry and a detach ment of the 2Oth Corps. We came to several places where the Confederates had felled a great many large trees across the road wherever it crossed a swamp or stream. On the 3 ist, we remained in camp all day, 187 in the timber; other troops were moving to the front, the wind blew fiercely all day; the noise created by moving of the trains was drowned bv the noise of the wind in the timber. We were now out about thirty-five or forty miles from Beaufort. The March Through the Carol inas. MEMORABILIA BY CAPTAIN ELI J. SHERLOCK. The movements of the Army in the vicinity of Beaufort and Savannah, after the surrender of the latter place, were all preliminary to a cam paign through South and North Carolina. On the first of February, the initial movements were complete and the army was in position and pre pared for an aggressive forward movement, and on that date, at 7 A. M., we marched out to Hickory Hill, South Carolina, about 25 miles from Pocotaligo and about 104 miles from Sav annah, by one route, and 65 miles west of Char leston, where we bivouacked with the iyth Corps between us (the i5thj and the west bank of the Salkehatchie river. The whole army moved forward simultaneously, on different roads, lead ing in the same general direction. On the 2nd, we marched at 7 A. M. ; the roads were fair. We got some forage for the animals; we saw a great many carcasses of cat tle, which the enemy had killed on the planta tions and rendered unfit for use by our arm}*. We made twelve miles and encamped at Loper s Cross Roads, about 62 miles from Beaufort. During that day we had six encounters with the 188 Rebels: One at Lawtonville; one at Bar ker s Mill; one at Duck Creek, near Loper s Cross Roads; one at River s Bridge, Broxton s Bridge, and one at the Salkehatchie river; the enemy retired in each of these skirmishes. (98-2) On the next day we advanced to within a mile of Buforcrs Bridge on the Salkehatchie. The enemy were intrenched on the north side of the river. The approach to the bridge was along a narrow causeway, across a swamp about 80 rods wide. We were within plain sight of the enemy. We left our baggage in our camp and moved up the river, and formed in line of battle in front of the enemy as if we were pre paring to assault him in position. It was already late. We rem lined in line until dark and then quiet-ly returned to our camp; the object being to attract the enemy s attention in front while a force was being thrown across the river above and below his position. We only marched two miles. Total, 64 miles from Beaufort. We had two skirmishes with the enemy. (98-194.) On the 4th, we moved our camp half a mile up the river to some higher ground; our brigade then formed again, in front of the bridge. The weather was foggy and the forces sent above and below effected a crossing and skirmished with the enemy. A detachment of the looth Indiana was sent forward on the causeway, which soon discovered that the enemy had destroyed the bridge and evacuated his works, which were quite formidable. We repaired the bridge, crossed the river and encamped in the enemy s works. We had two encounters with the enemy. (98-194.) On Sunday, February 5, 1865, we encamped 189 about 8 miles north of Buford s Bridge. Most of the 1 5th Corps crossed over during that day. We saw some Confederates; they said that the Confederate Army had gone beyond the Eclisto river. Had very high winds all day. We marched about 10 miles. Citi/ens said that we were about ten miles from the South Carolina railroad. Total miles marched, 74. We had two encounters with the enemy. The advance of the i =;th Corps found him in some force at Duncansville, but soon dislodged him and then rebuilt a bridge over the Little Salkehatchie 100 feet long, which he had des troyed. (98195.) Camp on Little Salkehatchie river Feb ruary 6, 1865. On Buford s Bridge road we moved cautiously as if expecting an attack. We had flankers out on both sides. The Confederates had cut down a great many trees in the swamps to impede our march. There was no forage. Marched six miles total about 80 miles. We had four little rights during the day. (98-89-83.) On the yth we moved early. We were ex pecting to fight. Ilardee believed that we were moving on Charleston, by our threatening along the line of the Combahee on our right and the demonstrations of the left wing and the cavalry towards Augusta led the enemy to believe that the latter place might be our objective. We struck the line of the South Carolina railroad at Bamberg, where we encamped, having marched five miles, total 85 miles. We had three encounters with the enemy s cavalry. The 3rd Cavalry Division met and drove them out of Blackville toward Augusta. 190 The iith Iowa encountered the enemy at the bridge over the Edisto and drove them out of a strong position there. (98 Belknap, 417.) Bamberg, South Carolina, on the South Carolina railroad, Feb. 8, 1865: We destroyed railroad all day from Bamberg to Graham s Turn Out, mostly in the rain and in the usual manner of destroying, by burning the ties and heating, bending and twisting the rails. The men were all wet, mad and tired. On the 8th the army met the enemy in four encounters. The 3rd Cavalry Brigade, Colonel Spencer, the ist Alabama in advance, encount ered the enemy five miles from Blackville and drove them through the to\vn into a strong posi tion near White Pond, where our cavalry at tacked them with great impetuosity. General Spencer says that there "commenced one of the most thorough and complete routs I ever wit nessed. The ground was strewn with guns, haversacks, etc. Five battle flags were taken, also the brigade and four regimental flags and a large number of horses and prisoners. 1 (98 Spencer, 892.) Bamberg, South Carolina, Feb. 9th: We had orders to move towards Graham s Turn Out. Bad, foggy and damp weather rendered the roads almost impassable, yet we obeyed the order promptly. On the 9th our forces had two encounters with the enemy, one of which was at Binnaker^s bridge across the South Edisto river. The ist Brigade, ist Division xyth Corps, engaged the enemy in front while they crossed a force below, which waded through the water for nearly a mile waist deep, in the night time; the water was 191 freezing- cold. The men held their guns and am munition above their heads. The Rebels at tacked them just as they reached high ground, but the Union soldiers dispersed them after a spirited engagement. (98 Mower, 390. ) The 55th Illinois and 57th Ohio skirmished with the enemy a greater part of the afternoon, at IIol- man\s bridge on the South Edisto. The enemy evacuated during the night. (98 Jones, 287.) Graham s Turn Out, South Carolina, Feb ruary 10. We destroyed more railroad track in the usual way. The men came in wet and tired. We destroyed everything pertaining to the rail road, except the earth of which the road-bed was made and even that was rendered useless to the enemy. So much rain had fallen that military operations were great ly impeded. The enemy showed himself in only two places. Lee s Rebel Corps was in position on the south fork of the Edisto, and Stevenson s Rebel Corps was pressed back to the line of the North Edisto. (Rebel Dispatches.) (98-1047.) Camp looth Indiana, near Holman s Bridge, February nth, 1865: Marched at 7 A. M. to Ilolman s Bridge on the Edisto River. Marched westwardly about six miles, then north about four miles. We found a bridge destroyed, as usual, by Confederate Cavalry. Some firing on our right. Our men repaired the bridge. We encamped at the edge of the swamp, near the bridge, on the south side of the South Edisto. Saw a few women and children, but not a man. The women said that the men had crossed the river. We marched about six miles; total, 91 miles from Beaufort. Camp looth Indiana, near Shilling s Bridge, on the North Kdisto River, February 12, 1865: Reveille at 4:30. General 6, marched 7. The 2d Brigade crossed the South Edisto River at Holman s Bridge this morning- and marched in a zig./ag way, though mainly north, through pine woods and swamps, until we reached the south side of the North Edisto River at Shilling s ( Bridge, where we encamped. We found some forage. Marched about 1 8 miles; total, 99 miles. Some firing on the right. When we arrived at Shilling s Bridge we found the enemy strongly posted behind works across the river and swamp. General Logan sent Ilazen s Division above and John E. Smith s below, with orders for both to cross, while the looth Indiana was deployed on a high ridge, half a mile in front of the enemy, to attract their attention, while the other troops crossed above and below, which was so effect ually done that the enemy s retreat was nearly cut off. I^ighty prisoners were taken, quite a number were killed and wounded and 200 stand of arms were gathered up, which were thrown away by the enemy in his flight. (98 Howard, 196. ) Camp looth Indiana, 20 miles north of Shilling s Bridge, February 13. Reveille 4:30. General 6. Marched at 7, crossed the North Edisto and took a blind road on the left; marched nearly all day in the woods, through swampy lands. The roads were very bad and the men were muddy, w r et and tired. Our camps were so wet that there was scarcely enough dry ground to sleep on. General Sherman and staff were camped in the woods near us. The sol diers thought we had marched 25 miles, but my estimate was 22 miles; total, 121 miles. We 193 marched in two colums all day. We encamped on Rucker s plantation. Wolfs Plantation, S. C., February 14,1865: We marched early as far as Sandy Run, on the same blind road, or plantation road. Here we struck the main state road, crossed Sandy Run at 2 P. M., and marched four miles further in the direction of Columbia, and went into camp at this place at 4 P. M. We found the Rebel cav alry here, but General Wood threw out four companies as skirmishers, and they were driven away, but during the night they captured a picket post of the 3 ist Iowa. They made several dashes at our picket line before daylight. (98 Woods, 242.) February i5th; Camp a half a mile north Congaree Creek, S. C. : We moved out of camp at daylight, on the main road leading to Colum bia, the looth Indiana having the advance. We immediately encountered the enemy and met with a stubborn resistance all day, driving them from one barricade to another, and being obliged to march with a heavy skirmish line, constantly covering our advance. Our progress was neces sarily slow. In the afternoon we reached the open fields which Jay to the south of the Little Congaree river or Congaree creek, having made rive miles. Here the enemy was found on the river bank in considerable force, with three pieces of artillery protecting his position. Col onel Catterson, by direction of General Wood, deployed the 2nd Brigade in the fields on the right of the road, with orders to press the Rebel left flank. Colonel Stone deployed his 3rd Bri gade on the left with orders to press the right flank of the enemy. Colonel Woods ist Bri- 194 gade was hold in reserve. The 4th Iowa de ployed as skirmishers in front of Stone s Brigade and two companies of the zooth Indiana, by di rection of Colonel R. M. Johnson, were placed under command of the writer and thrown out as skirmishers in the open field south of the bridge and in front of the Confederate battery, and an advance was ordered. The 4th Iowa doubled the enemy up and effected a crossing beyond his right, at the same time the detachment of the looth Indiana poured a galling tire into the fort in their front, and the enemy hastily withdrew his battery. At this moment the high bridge was discovered to be on tire and the men of the looth Indiana rushed forward to save the bridge, and while one portion poured a a rapid tire into the fleeing enemy, the other, with boards, shoved the large piles of burning resin which the enemy had placed there, off of the bridge, which was 30 or 40 feet high, and it was saved. The looth Indiana men advanced rapidly and formed a line beyond the bridge and was immediately followed by Generals Wood, Logan and Sherman and their staffs and the army, which was quickly formed in line of battle. The enemy were right in our front drawn up in line of battle, in plain view and almost within gun shot. This move brought us within plain view of the houses in Columbia, the capital of the Mother of Secession, and we were of the opinion that if there ever was an opportune time and place for the secession forces to make a stand it was then and there. General Sherman sent Captain Audenreid, of his staff, to inquire of the writer if he could not advance his skirmish line far enough toward the enemy s 105 line of battle to tire several buildings which ob structed the range of our batteries. This was quickly and successfully done, and the i2th Wis consin battery was placed in position. During this time, about one company of Rebel cavalry made a charge on our skirmish line but our Spen cer rifles were too much for them and they broke before they reached our line. Sergeant Cherry of Captain Brouse s Company "K 1? waskilled by a Rebel cannon shot. Night came on and we went into camp and fortified. As Captain Audenreid w r as returning to the group of generals he saw this company of Rebel cavalry coming on the charge, and urging his horse to a gallop, the latter fell headlong and by the time the horse and rider had picked themselves up the Rebel cavalry was repulsed. On this occasion there was nothing between the several generals and their staffs but the line of looth Indiana skirmishers. During the night the Rebels opened on us with a battery from the hills on the east side on the Congaree river. This necessitated the building of tra verses, which the men did with a will. The writer \vas placed by Colonel R. M. Johnson on the top of our breastw r orks, and when the Rebel cannon flashed, gave the alarm instantaneously, at which ever} man dropped into the ditch until the cannon shot had passed over, and until our traverses had progressed far enough to protect us. The manner in which the soldiers of the looth drove the enemy out of the fort and saved the bridge was referred to in very complimentary terms by the Generals who witnessed the feat (98 Woods, 242.) During the day we had five encounters with the Rebels, as follows: Con- 196 garee creek, Savannah creek, Bates ferry on the Congaree river, Red Bank creek, and a cavalry tight at Two League cross roads near Lexing ton, S. C. (98-3. ) Our casualties at the crossing of the little Congaree were 5 men killed and 10 wounded. (98 Woods, 244.) During the engagement Battery "11" ist Illinois, Battery "B" ist Michigan, and the I2th Wisconsin Battery tired 39 rounds into the enemy s ranks. (9889.) February i6th, camp between Broad and Saluda Rivers, above Columbia: We moved northward past Columbia, on the west side of the Congaree River, up to the factory on the Saluda River, and crossed over that stream and en camped between the Saluda and Broad Rivers. Saw a good many women and girls at the factory, who presented a strange appearance as they leaned on the fences, all dressed in coarse brown cotton cloth. The ludicrous appearance of these poor people provoked the most amusing remarks from the soldiers. We marched about six miles. Total, 137. The Rebel Cavalry made some op position to our movement about Columbia, but we were delayed very little on that account. Battery kt IT 7 ist Illinois, the I2th Wisconsin Battery and Company U H" ist Missouri Light Artillery shelled the city of Columbia, tiring 21^ rounds into the city. (98-89.) Columbia, South Carolina, February lyth: As soon as the bridge was finished over Broad Riv er we crossed and marched down into the city of Columbia. I saw a good many stores and ware houses with the glass fronts broken in. We met a great many negroes, of all shades of color, age, 197 and sex, who were drunk. They had clothing, tobacco, chinawarc and other articles. They fave our soldiers considerable tobacco as we O marched by them. We marched through the city and encamped on the side of a hill half a mile southeast. A very large pile of cotton bales were on fire in the street when we entered. I saw manv stores broken open, the negroes said by Rebels. It was a very windy day. Some houses caught tire from burning cotton Hying in the air. At ii P. M. the whole city was on fire. The command was ordered out. The soldiers helped men and women to save clothing and other effects. Marched about 4 miles. Total, 141 miles from Beaufort. The Third Brigade, Col. Stone, entered the city first, then came the second; the looth In diana being in advance. The city was surren- ered to Col. Stone by M. Goodwin, the Mayor, and the Aldermen, who came out in a carriage to meet our forces. (98 Stone, 264.) The Confederate forces evacuated Charles ton on that day, so the two twin secession cities of the South, the home of traitors, fell on the same day. Columbia, February i8th, 1865. I took a walk over the stricken city. Noth ing but destruction was to be seen. The citizens were taking care of such property as they had saved. The soldiers were assisting them. The railroads and warehouses, foundries and arsenal were being destroyed. Some refugees were with us. I was at the arsenal and saw some old cannons which were used in the war of the Revolution. The command remained in camp. Our position at Columbia forced the 198 evacuation of Charleston as much as if we had been within the range of its guns, and by order of our army commander, the looth Incliana was directed to inscribe on its regimental flag the names of Charleston and Columbia. The Rebels blew up their commissary depot at the former place and with it 200 human beings were blown to atoms. (98-1019.) We captured at Columbia a large number of printing presses and material for printing con federate money and also several hundred thous and dollars of the new bills printed ready for circulation. Our men used this money in play ing poker for recreation on the march. Columbia, February i9th. The work of destruction went on, several wagon- loads of shells exploded between the water-works and the Congaree river and killed several men engaged in destroying ammunition. The citizens took shelter in the houses, wherever they could get it, regardless of ownership. We remained in camp all day. We destroyed ^50 bales of cotton which were stored about the city. (98 Woods 243.) The railroad depots, arsenals, machine shops, the armory with a large quantity of machinery, a powder mill which was well equipped for opera tions, and three large store houses full of ammu- intion were destroyed. (98 Howard, 199.) Camp on Peay s Ferry Road. February 2oth, 1865. Reveille, 5, General 6; marched at 7 A. M., northward on the east side of the railroad 20 miles. Total, 161 miles. Having made a 199 detour by way of Robert s Cross Roads and Muddy Spring" to Rice Creek, on the Peay s Ferry Road, where we went into camp about 10 p. M.~ (98 Howard, 199.) (98 Catterson, 259.) Camp near Longstown, on Winnsboro Road. February 2ist, 1865. We marched at 8 A. M. over a hilly country and encamped about 40 miles north of Columbia, at Longstown, on the main road leading from Winnsboro to Camden. The country was barren and we got but little forage for men or animals. Marched 20 miles. Total, 181. (98 Logan, 228.) Camp near Peay s Ferry, on Catawba River, February 22, 1865: We marched north yesterday and east today. It rained all day, we were very wet and the roads very bad; sandy country, some pine. We put down our pontoons. Marched 15 miles; total, 196. (98 Adams 353.) Patterson s store, near Flat Rock, South Carolina, February 23rd, 1865: The day was dark and misty. We crossed the Catawba River on the pontoons; marched over bad roads. The train and column was strung out. Marched about 6 miles; total, 202. Near Pine Tree Church, Feb. 24. Marched at 8 A. M. amidst rain, mud, sand hills, pine smoke, profanity and bad roads. This place is near the Flat Rock of Revolutionary fame. Marched 9 miles; total 211. The 2nd and 4th Divisions of the i5th Corps entered Camden and destroyed all the stores and public buildings in the place. (98 Logan, 229.) 200 *^wfe m " *=$ Camp looth Indiana, Tiller s Ferry Road, Feb. 25, 1865. Marehed at 7 A. M. eastward!} . Got some forage. The land was swampy in many places. We were on the road from Peay s Ferry, on the Catawba River, to Tiller s Ferry, on Lynch s Creek. Marehed about 10 miles over miserable roads. Rained so hard we could make no fires. Total marched, 221 miles. Tiller s Ferry, Feb. 26, 1865. Marched at 8 A. M. ; reached Lynch s Creek at evening; rained all day, the river was very high and over the bottoms; we put clown our pontoons, then the river fell at once, leaving half the pontoons on the ground; we thought the Rebels dammed the river below with timber and that the dam gave way. We marched about 9 miles; total 230 from Beaufort. (98-5.) ^ Tiller s Ferry, Monday, Feb. 27, 1865. The rain ceased; we remained in camp. The men were all engaged in drying their clothes and blankets. We crossed some men over the river on horses. About noon the river was very high, we had to build a bridge here about three hundred feet long before we could cross. (98 Woods, 246.) (98 miles, 473.) Tiller s Ferry, South Carolina, " Feb. 28, 1865. We made muster rolls all day; remained in camp. The engineers were busy completing the bridge; the men crossed the pack mules and horses over by swimming them alongside a raft of planks and logs. The weather was very un favorable for military operations, and had "been for many days. (98" Woods, 246.) 203 Camp 15 miles northeast of Tiller s Ferry, March i, 186^: We crossed Lynch s Creek and marched hard till night and went into camp in the woods. Rained very hard all day; put out all our tires and we had nothing to eat. Lynches Creek is about 280 feet wide at a high stage of water at Tiller s Ferry and from 5 to 6 feet deep. We marched northeast all day, 16 miles; total 246. Camp 15 miles southwest of Cheraw, South Carolina, March 2, 1865: Reveille 5. General 6. Marched at 8 A. M. : bad roads, sandy coun try and pine timber; some hills. We encamped on a stream running about northeast, about 25 miles northeast of Tiller 1 s Ferry and about 15 miles southeast of Cheraw, South Carolina. We saw but few farms, no forage. We marched 10 o miles; total 2^6. Cheraw, South Carolina, March 3, 186^: We marched at 8 A.M. to Cheraw, i^ miles or more, over a sandy country; this town is on the Great Pedee River. The i7th Army Corps train blocked our way till i A. M. We captured 25 cannons and a large amount of ammunition here. The Rebels burned a bridge across the Great Pedee, and also destroyed some stores and munitions of war. Cheraw, South Carolina, March 4, 1865: We remained in camp, saw a large quantity of powder and many rifles, cannon, harness, caissons, siege guns and tents destroyed. The men were all in good health. The pioneers made a road beyond the river; a portion of the army crossed over on pontoons. The river was high. There was some firing on the hills about a mile or 204 two east of the river-crossing. Our captures at Cheraw were 25 cannons, 16 limbers, 16 caissons, 5,000 rounds artillery ammunition, 20,000 rounds of infantry, 2,000 stand of arms, 1,000 cavalry sabres, locomotives, cars and several thousand bales of cotton. Mower s Division crossed on the pontoons at 3 p. M., and at once engaged the enemy on the high hills east of the Pedee River. (98 Blair, 381.) March 5, 1865: Reveille 5. General 6. Marched at 8 A. M. Camp on Fills Creek, about five miles east of Cheraw, March 6, 1865: It was mud dy, foggy and rainy. We marched about east. We only moved our camp about three miles out on the. Fayetteville road and encamped in the woods. On this date General Joseph E. Johnston again took command of the Confederate army in our front. (99 Jefferson Davis, 1304.) Camp near Goodwin s Mills, north of Che raw, March 7, 1865: We had plenty of forage. Lieutenant Meeker, of the looth Indiana,in com mand of the regimental forage detail, took pos session of two mills and put several negroes to shelling corn. They shelled and ground enough to supply the Brigade, and brought it a long dis tance. We had also plenty of chickens and sweet potatoes. The country here was much better than heretofore. March 8, 1865, Laurel Hill, North Caro lina: Marched at 7 A. M. We crossed the state line between North and South Carolina at noon. Camp Bethel, North Carolina, March 9, 1865: We marched at 8 A. M. about 15 miles in 205 the rain and wet sand. We crossed the Little Pedee at Gilchrist s Bridge and went into camp on the east side of the river. Forage plenty for the whole army; saw no enemy; total, 308 miles. The streams were all Hooded and the swamps were full of water, and every soldier 1 s clothing perfectly saturated. The weather was cold and chilly, and many of the men had but little cloth - i.ig and their shoes were worn out and their ponchos and blankets likewise. Camp rive miles east of Bethel Chapel near Little Rock Fish, March 10, 1865: Marched at 8 A. M., crossed the Lumber River and contin ued eastwardly on the Fayetteville road in the mud and rain. The men were all wet and the wagons mired down. Forage was plenty. The country was comparatively level. Marched five miles; total, 313 miles. We were also 20 miles from Fayetteville, N. C. The men had been soaking wet for about sixty hours, with nothing to eat but cold rations. The weather continued very cold; no tires could be built except of pine knots, while a rubber poncho was held over them to keep the rain off. The sufferings of the officers and men, as well as the animals, was very great. Fayetteville, North Carolina, March n, 1865: Marched at 7 A. M., 21 miles to Fayette ville. Rained most of the clay. We took a large arsenal here. The city is on high ground, on the west bank of Cape Fear river. A steamer came in from Wilmington. Fayetteville, March 13, 1865: We buried O. S. Davis, of Company "A, 1 icoth Indiana, in the cemetery. I made some measurements to 200 determine his grave hereafter. The army was very orderly not a citizen complained. An other steamer came in. I got a New York Tribune and read it aloud to a large crowd of soldiers, who wanted to hear the news. After I read it, a soldier of the lyth Corps offered me a one- thousand dollar bill, Confederate money, for it, which I refused. March 14, Fayetteville: We remained in camp. More boats landed at our camp from Wilmington; they returned loaded. March 15, 1865: Wednesday morning we heard some tiring on the left. We marched at 10 a. m. about tive miles east and encamped on the west bank of the South branch near the crossing. Marched live miles, total 346. (92- 2 34-) March 16, 1865, Camp near BeamarTs Cross Roads: Reveille 5, General 6. Marched at 8 a. m. ; crossed the South branch; marched slowly about ten miles and went into camp in the woods. Sandy and quite level. Heavy tiring on theleft. We halted north of Troublefields. We were moving directly on Goldsboro. More tiring on the left. Marched ten miles, total 356. We had three encounters with the enemy. The tiring we heard on the left was the battle of Averasborough. Our loss was 12 officers and 83 men killed, and 34 officers and 499 men wounded, and 54 missing, total 682. The Reb els lost a battery of three pieces and one caisson, their ambulance train and 175 prisoners. We buried 128 on the field; their wounded numbered 576; total 879. (98 Slocum, 423.) 207 Camp near Troublefield s store, March 17, 1865: We marched about ten miles through mud and pine woods, part of the time as flankers along the train. The men and animals were all much^worn and tired out. Marched 366 miles. Camp two miles from Lee s store, March 1 8, 1865: Marched about ten a. m. about eight miles and encamped in the pine woods about two miles from Lee\s store. It was raining and muddy. We had to leave the roads and march in the timber. Total 374 miles. Camp on Falling Creek, March 19, 186^: Twenty-three miles west of Goldsboro. We marched in rain and mud all dav, and in the sand and pine woods. There was some tiring on the left. We made about eight miles; total 382 miles. The looth Indiana in the Battle of Bentonville. In line of Battle about two miles southeast of Bentonville, March 2oth. On the morning of the 2oth of March the Second Brigade had the advance, the looth In diana in front. We moved on Falling Creek soon after daylight, and met the enemy at once, on the road leading from Cox s bridge to Bentonville. Posted behind a line of barricades. Six companies of the 97th In diana were deployed on the right of the road and companies "A," lt C," "I" and "11" of the looth Indiana, under Major John W. Heading- ton, on the left; and a charge was made on the Rebel line, which broke and tied towards Ben- 208 tonville, closely pursued by our line. The country on the road, covered by the 97th, was all open fields, while that covered by the four companies of the looth was mostly timber. The Rebels fled from the open fields to the timber in front of the Tooth, which brought the entire Rebel force in their front. In this position a running fight of about three miles was made. The enemy were driven away from one barricade after an other. At this juncture the 97th Indiana was relieved by the 6th Iowa. The 100 Indiana, with all the Rebels in its front, which had been doubled up during the running fight, was not re lieved, but with the 6th Iowa continued to press the enemy back. Part of the time on the dou ble-quick to a point three miles from Bentonville, where the enemy made a determined stand, in a line of works-, with open fields in front of our entire line. Generals Logan, Wood and others, had followed the skirmish line closely, and Col. Johnson followed the Generals closely, with the other six companies of the looth Indiana, his command being the head of the column. The ammunition of the 6th Iowa became exhausted just as we drew up in front of the enemy s line of battle, and that Regiment was relieved by the 46th Ohio. But Major Headington s four com panies of the looth Indiana, having pressed for ward right up to the edge of_the open fields, in front of the enemy 1 s works, were not relieved. At this time the Confederate commander either discovered the group of Generals or that Major Headington s line was far in advance of its sup port and intending either to capture the Generals or to get in the rear of Heaclington s, line he despatched a large body of Wade Hampton s 209 Rebel Cavalry to our rear, around our left, or that purpose, not being able on account of the timber, to see Col. Johnson s column, which he had judiciously kept well closed up on our skirmish line. The Rebels struck the right of his column and in stantly the roar of battle began, right in the rear of Headington s line, which then had an entrenched Rebel line of battle in its front and a battle ^oiiw t> O on closely in its rear. In this situation some of the officers suggested to Major Ileadington that we were surrounded and had better cut our way out towards the right. In response to an inquiry by Major Ileadington to the writer as to what he had better do, the answer given by me was to hold our position as long as we had a man left, and this Col. Ileadington decided to do. In the meantime Col. Johnson instantly brought his line to face the cavalry, which had encountered the looth, by one of those difficult movements, the necessity for which rarely happens in a lifetime, and his men delivered a withering tire into the Rebel Cavalry, from which they quickly recoiled, and the 46th Ohio, which had relieved the 6th Iowa, and was armed with Spencer rifles, charged the Rebel works in our front, and as the line of that Regiment came in line with Major Heading- ton s line, the men of the looth Indiana charged with it, and all went together over the Rebel earthworks, and the Rebel line, being Hagood s entire Brigade of Iloke s Division, was routed and fled from their position. It is, without doubt, true, that if Col. Johnson had not been well closed up on Major IleadingtoiVs line, and had not so skillfully interposed the zooth Indiana between the Rebel Cavalry and the group of Generals, the latter would have been either killed 210 or captured. The Generals were emphatic in their praises of the manner in which Major Head- ing-ton s line had fought the enemy for several miles, and the skillful manner in which, and the opportune time, when the looth was thrown be- them and the gravest danger, by Col. Johnson. By direction of General Logan, the looth was relieved from any further active duty during that day, and we were placed on the left to guard the road upon which the Rebel Cavalry retreated. Col. Catterson says in his official report that, tk During its deployment (the 46th Ohio) the enemy was discovered turning the left of his skir mishers, having already gained their rear. The rooth Indiana was hurried forward to check this movement, and they accomplished their work with dispatch and marked gallantry. 11 (98 Catter son, 259. ) General Woods referred officially to the gal lantry of the zooth Indiana on this occasion. (92-246.) In the trenches, near Bentonville, North Carolina, March 21, 1865: It rained all night and all day. The enemy were fortified in our front, with a small creek between us. W r e ad vanced our lines and captured some prisoners under some plantation houses. Skirmishing con tinued all night in the rain by the flash of the guns. During the night we put two brass cannon out in front of our lines in an open place in front of our Brigade, and left them there as an invitation to the enemy to come and get them, but they did not come to do so. A staff officer asked Col. Johnson for an officer to go on duty. The Colonel detailed the writer, and he reported to the officer and he placed me in front of our line, down close to the Rebel line, with orders to listen for sounds, such as tiring or cheering on the right, where General Mower was to make a night attack. The skirmishing and cannonading went on nearly all night; this I reported to the officer, w r ho returned to me quite often. Al though raining, a tire w r as burning the pine leayes between the lines, and near my station it burned oyer the bodies of seyeral dead bodies of Confed erates, which in the fog made a terrible stench; the nose, ears, hair and hands of all the bodies being badly burned. General Mower on the right did heayy cannonading, the cannon shot went crashing through the pine timber. I was relieyed at daylight. The 1030! Illinois was thrown forward as skirmishers and droye the enemy from a strong line of rifle pits, coyering the ground occupied by their medical corps as a field hospital the day before, where was strew r n around their amputating tables, which in their flight was left, many legs and arms which had been amputated, and a large number of bodies of men who had died from wounds while waiting attention. Mower s Division charged right up to the Rebel works, when the enemy in great force pressed his lines back to their works. The ground was strewn with the dead and wounded. General llardee s son was killed in this assault. On picket, Bentonville, March 22, 1865: This was a fine morning; the enemy retreated during 1 the night. The looth Indiana advanced O c" 1 on the skirmish line early in the morning; we passed many dead bodies lying on the roadside. We came into Bentonville, where we found many of our wounded in a house. They had fallen into the enemy s hands in the battle of the i9th. 212 The enemy had placed barrels of resin on the bridge across Mill creek and tired it. The men of the looth rushed on the bridge and saved it by pushing the resin off. Hugh of Co. lt K" got shot on the line. Marched 3 miles; total 393 miles. By order of General Logan our Brigade took the advance in the morning. The looth Indiana liy across the Bentonville road, and we started out first and held the advance to the bridge over Mill creek. We pushed on beyond as far as Hannah s creek, skirmishing with the Rebels. We were recalled by order of General Wood at 6 p. M. The looth Indiana formed a picket line from Mill creek to the Bentonville road. There were a great many bodies of dead Rebels in the timber between our posts. We built fires on the battlefield along our picket line, so that we could move about without stumbling over graves or dead bodies. (Off. Rept. Gen. Wood, 98-247.) Camp between Bentonville and Goldsbor- ough, March 23, 1865: We had reveille at 5, General at 6, marched at 8 back from Benton ville over the same road we went in on. Passed our old works and encamped on a sandy field. The wind was high all day and night; the sand drifted in camp so that none of us could sleep. We had had no sleep for three nights; it was clear and cold. We marched on the Goldsbor- ough road nine miles; total 402 miles. The wounded all went forward towards Goldsborough in the ambulances. Rouse s Plantation, Goldsborough, North Carolina, March 24, 1865: Reveille at ^ A. M. ; marched at 8, crossed the Neuse river and passed part of the loth Army Corps; got in here at 3 213 (. M. All troops were here; the road was open to Morehead, North Carolina. Marched i^ miles; total 41 7 miles from Beaufort. The army met the loth and 2^d Corps here, wheiewe were all concentrated. The army desolated a swath about 450 miles long , and on an average about 40 miles wide. This injury was done in the territory which furnished the sinews of war, in the way of subsistance, transportation, supplies, arms, am munition and men to the Confederate Army, and contributed more to its downfall than any other campaign of the war. On the march through the Carolinas, one hundred and twelve encounters with the enemy took place; fourteen or more of which were more than mere skirmishes, and some of which were battles. The exact losses of the enemy can never be known, as they had long prior neglected to make truthful, or in fact, any reports at nil, of the losses sustained by their commands. At Goldsborough, N. C. : The i5th Corps encamped on Rouse s Plantation, east of and near the city of Goldsborough. In 48 hours after our arrival at that place" the army had settled down to camp life. On the 2 yth a car load of mail came in for the i5th Corps, and our men all received letters from the loved ones at home, the first since we left Me- Phersonville, South Carolina. On the 5th, S. F. O. No. 48 was issued by General Sherman to the army commanders, de tailing the plan for the movement of this army with its entire equipment, north of Roanoke river facing west, with a base for supplies at Norfolk, 2H with full communication with the Army of the Potomac to be begun on the loth. (100-102.) For some days reports had reached the army that Grant was pressing Lee s Army very hard, and on the 6th a message from Grant to Sherman said: 14 We have Lee s Army pressed very hard, his men scattering and going to their homes by the thousands. He is endeavoring to reach Danville where Davis and his Cabinet have gone. I shall press the pursuit to the end; push John ston at the same time, and let us finish up this job all at once." (100-109.) On the 9th, the whole army was eager to move, they seemed to long for the excitement of battle and of the march. General Sherman s orders on the 5th were, that the i4th and 2oth Corps should form the left and the loth and 231x1 the centre, the I5th and iyth Corps the right, with the Cavalry on the right of the I5th and i yth Corps. The news of the evacuation of Petersburg and Richmond and the retreat of the Confederate army toward Danville rendered a modification in the order of march necessary. Goldsborough to Raleigh. MEMORABILIA BY CAPTAIN E. J. SHERLOCK. April loth, 1865. We moved soon after daylight. The and 2oth Corps took the two direct roads from Goldsborough to Smithrield. The loth Corps, un der General Terry, composed of three Divisions, in all twelve thousand and ninety-nine black men, 215 (negroes) moved up from Faison s Depot and the Cavalry under Kilpatriek from Mount Olive, to the west side of the Neuse river, with orders to move rapidly up that side of the river, with the intention of placing themselves behind the enemy, between Smithfield and Raleigh. Gen eral Sehotield, with General Cox s 231x1 Corps, followed the I4th and 2oth Corps in supporting distance. The i5th and lyth Corps made a de tour to the right in leaving Goldsborough, going almost north to Pikeville, about Fifteen miles, threatening Welden. The other portions of the army threatened Raleigh. We had gone but a short distance before we met the enemy s Cav alry, posted at every swamp and creek -crossing, to oppose us as long as they could and then run away. April nth. The i ^th and iyth Corps crossed Little river at Pikeville and marched about half way from that place to Stantonsburg. These two Corps then riled to the left, at right angles to the road they had been marching upon, and moved northwest until they struck the Smith - field road, about 12 miles northeast of Smith tield. Camp at Grelley s, April i2th, 1865: A message reached General Sherman at Smithfield from General Grant, conveying to him the information that General R. E. Lee s army, of Northern Virginia, had been surrendered by its commander to General Grant, many of our soldiers were too skeptical to give the report cre dence, but presently the information was an nounced to the troops in a special field order in the following words: 216 SPECIAL KIELI) OK DICK, XrMHER ^4. "Headquarters Military Division of the Missis sippi: "In the field, Smithtield, North Carolina, April 1 2th, 1865: The general commanding an nounces to the army that he has official notice from General Grant that General Lee has surrendered to him his entire army on the 9th inst., at Appomattox Court House, Virginia. Glory to God and our country and all honor to our comrades in arms, toward whom we are marching. A little more labor, a little more toil on our part and the great race is won and our government stands regenerated after four long- years of war. ."W. T. SHERMAN, "Major- General Commanding. n Raleigh, North Carolina, April r^th. We reached Raleigh at 7:30. The enemy retreated to the north and west. As soon as General Sherman ascertained the direction the enemy had taken in his retreat, he at once made the following orders: The Cavalry was ordered to follow the fleeing enemy toward Hillsboro, to the northwest of Raleigh, thus forming the ex treme right. The 1 5th and i;th Corps were ordered to turn their head of column upon Pittsboro, in Chatham, and Ashboro, in Ran dolph counties. Camp near Morrisville, April i4th: We moved from Raleigh to Morrisville, on the Chappel Hill road, fifteen miles west and a lit tle north of Raleigh. The Cavalry pushed on to Durham, about twenty -five miles west of Raleigh on the North Carolina railroad. A deputation of citi- izens was sent down by Governor Vance to meet General Sherman respecting the surrender of Raleigh. As the head of Kilpatrick s column entered Raleigh a fanatical Rebel fired upon Gen eral Kilpatrick. The city had been previously evacuated by their forces and surrendered by a delegation of citizens to General Sherman. That was the last gun he ever fired- the soldiers hung him at once. Surrender of Johnston s Army. At this stage of the war the Confederates were so sorely pressed at almost every point that on the 1 4th a request from Gen. J. E. Johnston to Gen. Sherman for a suspension of hostilities in the words following was received: Headquarters Confederate States Army, near Greensboro, North Carolina, "April 13, 1865. "Major General W. T. Sherman, "Commanding United States Army: "The results of the recent campaign in Vir ginia have changed the military condition of the Belligerents. I am, therefore, induced to ad dress you in this form, the inquiry, whether we stop the further effusion of blood and desolation of property you are willing to make a tempo rary suspension of active operations and to com municate to Lieutenant General Grant, com manding the armies of the United States, the re quest that he will take like action in regard to 218 other armies. The objeet being to permit the civil authorities to enter into the needful arrange ments to terminate the existing war. "J. E. Johnston, Commanding Confederate States Army in North "Carolina." Gen. Sherman at once answered the forego- going from General Johnston, in the following words: "Headquarters Military Division of the Mis sissippi, in the field, Raleigh, N. C., April 14, 1865. "Gen. J. E. Johnston, "Commanding Confederate Army: "General: I have this moment received your communication of "this date. 11 I am fully em powered to arrange \vith you any terms for the suspension of further hostilities between the armies commanded by you and those commanded by myself, and will be willing to confer with you to that end. I will limit the advance of my main column to-morrow to Morrisville and the cavalry to the University, and expect that you will also maintain the present position of your forces until each has notice of a failure to agree; that a basis of action may be had I undertake to abide by the same terms and conditions as were made by Generals Grant and Lee at Appomattox Court House on the 9th instant relative to our two armies, and, furthermore, to obtain from Gen. Grant an order to suspend the movements of any troops from the direction of Virginia. Gen. Stone- man is under my command, and my order will sus pend any devastation or destruction contemplated 219 by him. I will add that I really desire to save the people of North Carolina the damage they would sustain by the march of this army through ~ ~ o the central or western part of the state. kt l am, with respect, your obedient servant, "W. T. Sherman, Maj. Gen." The foregoing reply to Gen. Johnston was at once forwarded to Kilpatrick at Durhams by a staff officer. The following explanatory letter was for warded to the latter: "Headquarters Military Division of the Mis sissippi, in the field. "Raleigh, N. C., April 14111, 1865. General: The letter by flag of truce is from General Johnston, which is the beginning of the end. Send my answer at once and to-mor row do not advance your cavalry beyond the University or to a point abreast of it on the rail road. I will be up to Morrisville to-morrow to receive the answer and it may be to confer with General Johnston. The Infantry will come to Morrisville. Yours truly, "W. T. Sherman, Maj. Gen." General Kirkpatrick, Comd g Cavalry. 71 On the i yth General Sherman left Raleigh for Durham Station, near which place he was to meet General Johnston at noon. He arrived at the station in ample time. General Kilpatrick had horses ready for the General and his staff to ride out to the appointed place, followed by a detachment of Cavalry as an escort. The Gen eral and escort were preceded by a non-com- 220 missioned officer carrying a flag of truce. About live miles west of Durham the soldier carrying the flag of truce was met by one sent forward by General Johnston. General Sherman rode forward and was met and cordially greeted by General Johnston, the two Generals having never before met each other. They repaired to a small one-story hewed log house near, belong ing to a man by the name of Bennett, and re quested of the man the privilege of using his house for a short time. The man consented and withdrew his family and the two Generals en tered the house and quite a lengthy conference ensued, each representing his side of the case. The meeting terminated without results but with an agreement to meet at the same place on the next day at the same hour to continue the negotiations and General Sherman and escort rode back to Durham and thence to Raleigh on the cars. On the 1 8th General Sherman, accompanied by Generals Howard, Barry, Blair, Kilpatrick and others, left General Kilpatrick s headquart ers at Durham and were soon at Bennett^ house awaiting the arrival of General Johnston, who was delayed about two hours by an accident to his train. General Sherman wrote out a mem oranda of terms of surrender, himself keeping in mind he said "The conversation of Mr. Lincoln at City Point 11 when he was visiting him on the 2 8th of the previous month, March. A memoranda of the terms of surrender were written out and several copies of the "mem oranda 1 were made and signed. By this time it was dark and each General and his attendants returned to their respective camps. 221 April 1 9th, Raleigh, North Carolina: Gen eral Sherman issued the following order to the troops respecting the suspension of hostilies: Headquarters Military Division of the Mis sissippi. In the field, Raleigh, North Carolina, April ("Special Field Order No. 58): The General commanding announces to the army a suspension of hostilities and an agree ment with General Johnston and high officials, which, when formally ratified, will make peaee from the Potomac to the Rio Grande. 11 April 24th, Raleigh, North Carolina: General Grant and two staff officers arrived at Raleigh this morning. On the same train at 6 a. m. came Major Hitchcock bearing letters to General Sherman, notifying him that the presi dent and cabinet had unanimously rejected the terms of surrender contained in his memorandum. The enclosures from Washington contained, first, a letter from the Secretary of War to General Grant in these words: "War Department. Washington City, April 24th, 1865. "Lieutenant General Grant: General : The memorandum or basis agreed upon between General Sherman and General John ston having been submitted to the president, are disapproved. You will give notice of the dis approval to General Sherman and direct him to resume hostilities at the earliest moment. The 22-2 instructions given to you by the late president, Abraham Lincoln, on the 3rd of March, by my telegraph of that date addressed to you, ex pressed substantially the views of President Andrew Johnston and will be observed by Gen eral Sherman. A copy is herewith appended. The president desires that you proceed immedi ately to the headquarters of Major- General Sher man and direct operations against the enemy. "EDWIN M. STAN TON, "Secretary of War. 1 The next enclosure was a letter from Gen eral Grant in these words to General Sherman: "Headquarters Armies of the United States. "Washington, D. C., April 21, 65. "Major-General W. T. Sherman, Commanding Military Division of the Mississippi. "General: The basis of agreement entered into between yourself and General J. E. John ston for the disbandment of the Southern army and the extension of the authority of the General Government over all the territory belonging to it sent for the approval of the President is re ceived. I read it carefully myself before sub mitting it to the President and Secretary of War and felt satisfied that it could not possibly be ap proved. My reason for these views I will give you at another time in a more extended letter. "Your agreement touches upon questions of such vital importance, that as soon as read, I ad dressed a note to the Secretary of War notifying him of their receipt and the importance of imme diate action by the President, and suggested that in view of their importance that the entire Cabi- 123 net be called together that all might give an expression of their opinions upon the matter. The result was a disapproval by the President of the plans laid clown. A disapproval of the nego tiations altogether except for the surrender of the army commanded by General Johnston, and directions to me to notify you of this decision. I cannot do so better than by sending you the enclosed copy of a dispatch (penned by the late President though signed by the Secretary of War) in answer to me 011 sending a letter re ceived from General Lee proposing to meet me for the purpose of submitting the question of peace to a convention of officers. "Please notify General Johnston immediately on receipt of this of the termination of the truce, and resume hostilities against his army at the earliest moment you can, acting in good faith. 11 Very respectfully, your obedient servant, "U. S. Grant, Lieutenant -General. 11 On receipt of the foregoing correspondence, General Sherman dispatched to General John ston the following notice of suspension of the truce between them: Headquarters Military Division of the Missis sippi. In the field, Raleigh, N. C., April 24, 1865, 6. A. M. "General Johnston, Commanding the Confeder ate Army, Greensboro: "You will take notice that the truce or sus pension of hostilities, agreed to between us, will cease in forty -eight hours after this is received at your lines, under first of the articles of our agree ment. "W. T. Sherman, Major General." 224 And at the same time made the following further demand upon Johnston for the surrender of his army upon the same terms aeeorded to Lee at Appomattox. "Headquarters Military Division of the Missis sippi. In the field," Raleigh, April 24, 1865. "General Johnston, Commanding the Confeder ate Armies: "I have replies from Washington to my communication of April i8th. I am instructed to limit my operations to your immediate com mand and not to attempt civil negotiations. I therefore demand the surrender of your army on the same terms as were given General Lee at Appomattox, of April 9th instant, purely and simply. "W. T. Sherman, "Major General, Commanding." And that he might have written evidence of the delivery of the foregoing notice and demand he forwarded the following to Kilpatrick at Dur ham Station: "Headquarters Military Division of the Missis sippi. In the field, April 24, 1865. "General Kilpatrick: "Send the enclosed notice to General John ston immediately by an officer, who will obtain a receipt for it, and send the same to me, it is a notice that the truce will end in forty-eight hours after the notice reaches the Rebel lines." "W. T. Sherman, * Major General, Commanding." 225 Goldsboro, N. C., April 25th: General Grant was at General Sherman s headquarters yesterday afternoon. General Johnston, at Greensboro, received a dispatch from Jeff. Davis, at Charlotte, approving the terms of surrender contained in the "Memorandum 7 or basis made with General Sherman on the i8th, and within an hour afterward Johnston received from Gen eral Sherman a notice of the disapproval by President Andrew Johnson and Cabinet, at Washington, and the notice terminating the truce. At 6 o clock in the evening Johnston tele graphed the substance of the papers from Sher man to Jeff. Davis at Charlotte, and demanded instructions what to do, at the same time Gen eral Johnston suggested to Davis the disbanding of the Confederate Army as a means of prevent ing further devastation of the country, and ad vised the flight of Davis and Cabinet. At u P. M. Jeff. Davis forwarded to Johnston instruc tions suggesting that the infantry might be dis banded, with orders to meet at some designated place at a future fixed time. General Johnston disobeyed Jeff. Davis order not to surrender, and at once sent another proposal to General Sherman requesting a further suspension of hos tilities, to arrange a basis of surrender the time being April 26th, at the same place and hour. This request from General Johnston reached General Sherman at Raleigh the 25th, General Grant was present when Johnston s request was received and he advised Sherman to afford Johnston another opportunity to surrender if he desired it and Johnston was notified that Geri, Sherman would meet him on the 26th at noon, Grant had orders from President Johnson to "di rect operations against the enemy/ buthe quiet ly and unostentatiously remained at Sherman s headquarters and permitted Sherman to conduct the further negotiations looking to a surrender of Johnston s Army. When Johnston deeided to disobey Davis order to report to him with the Confederate cavalry and mounted men, and to arrange another meeting with Sherman, he at once notified Jefferson Davis by telegraph, and when he received Sherman s assent to "meet him again, he at once notified Davis of this also, and that he had set out so to do. Johnston says that this order, which he disobeyed, Vas the last order he ever received from the Confederate o-overn- ment. April 26, Raleigh, X. C. Just after sunrise, General Johnston, near Ilillsboro, received General Sherman s consent to another meeting, and he at once started for ward to meet General Sherman, who, after break fasting with General Grant, went from Raleigh to Durham s Station by rail and from Kilpat- rick s headquarters, near by, he went forward to Bennett s house, where the former meetings were held, accompanied by the usual escort. The two Generals met and General J. E John ston immediately agreed to surrender his own army on the terms indicated in Sherman \s demand of yesterday, and an agreement embrac ing the terms of surrender was drawn up and signed by the two Generals. The agreement was in the words following: "Terms of a military convention entered into this 26th day of April, 1865, at Bennett s house, near Durham Station, North Carolina, 227 between General Joseph E. Johnston, command ing the Confederate Army, and Major General W. T. Sherman, commanding the United States Army in North Carolina. "i. All aets of war on the part of the troops under General Johnston s command to eease from this date. "2. All arms and public property to be de posited at Greensboro and delivered to an ord nance officer of the United States Army. "3. Rolls of all the officers and men to be made in duplicate, one copy to be retained by the commander of the troops and the other to be o-iven to an officer to be designated by General Sherman, each officer and man to give his indi vidual obligation in writing not to take up arms against the government of the United States un til properly relieved from this obligation. "4. ^The side arms of officers and their pri vate horses and baggage to be retained by them. "5. This being ^done, all the officers and men will be permitted to return to their homes, not to be disturbed by the United States author ities so long as they observe their obligation and the laws in force where they may reside. "W. T. Sherman, General, "Commanding the United States forces in North "Carolina. "J. E. Johnston, General. "Commanding Confederate troops in North Carolina. -Approved: U. S. Grant, Lieut. General. 11 General Sherman returned to Raleigh the same evening, presented the "Terms" to Getv 228 oral Grant and requested him to approve them, which he did. April 2yth, 1865: General Joseph E. John ston issued the following order to the Confeder ate troops under his immediate command at Greensboro, North Carolina, consisting of liar- dee, Stewart and Lee^s Corps of Infantry and Butler and Wheeler 1 s Divisions of Cavalry, in forming them fullv of the terms of their surrender. t5 "Headquarters Confederate Army in North "Carolina. "(General Orders No. 18.) "Greensboro, April 27th, 1865. "By the terms of a military convention made on the 26th inst. by Major General W. T. Sherman, United States Army, and General Joseph E. Johnston. Confederate States Army, the officers and men of this army are to bind themselves not to take up arms against the United States until properly relieved from that obligation, and shall receive guarantees from the United States officers against molestation by the United States Authorities so long as they ob serve that obligation. "For these objects duplicate muster rolls will be made immediately after the distribution of the necessary papers, the troops will march under their officers to their respective states and there be disbanded; all retaining personal pro perty. "The object of the convention is pacification to the extent of the authority of the commanders who made it. "Events in Virginia, which broke every hope of success by war, imposed on its General 229 the duty of sparing the blood of this gallant army and of saving our country from further devasta tion and our people from ruin. Joseph E. Johnston, General. "Commanding Confederate Forces in North "Carolina." The looth Regiment Homeward Bound From Raleigh to Washington City. On the 3oth of April, 1865, the war was practically at an end. There was nothing more J O to conquer; the work of receiving the paroles of the Confederates and such public property as was to be turned over to the Federal authorities was being quietly conducted at Greensboro and other points and Sherman s army was now ordered to march to Washington City. The orders were issued, all were in readiness, and on the morning of April 3oth the four Army Corps took up their line of march for that place. We crossed the Neuse river, north and east of the center of Ra leigh four or five miles and encamped on the Cot- enau, about midway between the Neuse and the Tar rivers. On the ist day of May we crossed the Tar river at Andrew^s bridge and encamped on Stony creek . On the 2cl we crossed Swifts creek and en camped at evening on Fishing creek, just above the forks of that stream. On the 3d we marched very hard. On the 4th we encamped at a cemetery on the south bank of the Roanoke river. 230 On the 5th we crossed the Roanoke river and moved northward a few miles into old Vir ginia, and went into camp. On the 6th we marched early and hard, al most directly north. We crossed the Meherrin river at PenitorTs bridge and encamped. On the yth we moved to a point on the south side of the Nottaway river, ten miles northwest of Jarrett s Station and encamped. On the 8th we made a hard march of not less than 3^ miles. We marched through Peters burg across the Appomattox river and encamped on a small stream marked "Old Town 17 creek. Marched 40 miles. On the 9th we encamped at Manchester on the James river, opposite Richmond, Virginia. On the night of the loth there was a thun der storm and three soldiers were killed by light ning. A great many of our men visited Rich mond, the Libby prison, Castle Thunder and other places of interest about the city. On the 1 2th, the i5th and lyth Corps marched in review by General Logan through the city of Richmond and encamped ten miles north of that place, near the Chickahominy river. On the 1 4th, we crossed the Pamunkey about three miles below the junction of the North Anna and South Anna rivers and encamped about thirty miles north of Richmond. On the 1 5th, we marched to a point about six miles south of Fredericksburg and went into camp. On the 1 6th, we moved about six miles north ward to Fredericksburg, crossed the Rapahan- 231 riock river, thence to Acquia creek where we encamped. On the 1 7th, we marched early as far as Dumfries on Quantico creek, and encamped at Ocoquan. On the 1 8th, we marched from Ocoquan to a point near Mount Vernon, where we halted, and after having rested fell into line and marched down to Mount Vernon and passed in front of the tomb of Washington. May 2oth, 1865, an order was issued for a grand review of the armies on the 231x1 and 24th instant. Alexandria, Va., May 22nd: A good many of our men who were mostly in need of shoes and clothing and some other articles were supplied. May 23 : Preparations for review were going on all day. During the afternoon we fell into line and marched across the Potomac river on the long bridge and up into the city of Washington. Camp at Crystal Springs, D. C. May 24th, 1865: On this day Washington city saw the grandest military spectacle ever witnessed in the United States or any other country. At9o 1 clock we moved toward the vast multitude. First, General Sherman commanding the army and his staff, then General Ilowaid commanding the right wing and his staff, then came General John A. Logan commanding the i5th Army Corps and his staff, then General Woods and staff, then perhaps 200 musicians or more, then came the head of column, each column reaching just from curb to curb on Pennsylvania avenue. Every man kept the exact step to the music. The line was perfectly straight from curb to curb. Every leg and foot in the line came forward so exactly 232 in time that the whole line seemed to be one solid leg. The marching was faultless and in- describable, simply superb. There is neither egotism nor exaggeration in the statement that few, if any, equalled and certainly none excelled the magnificent marching of the looth Indiana on that great occasion, as its absolutely perfect movements were observed by the highest officials of our own nation and the diplomatic corps and representatives of other nations, as well as the vast concourse of spectators present. Cheer after cheer arose from the multitude, and as its old and tattered battle-flag, containing seventy-three bullet holes, came by, flags, bunting and wreaths were waved and lowered as a token of respect and admiration, and half of the officials on the great grand stand arose to their feet and uncovered their heads; the demonstration was so touching that we all felt deeply affected by it, and felt as if the character of that reception was almost enough to compensate us for the hard ships we had endured for our country. Camp at Crystal Springs, D. C., May 25, 1865: When the newsboy piped his presence in the early morning there was a great rush for papers to see what the people of Wash ington and the newspapers thought of us as soldiers. Nothing could have surprised or grat ified us more than the unexampled praise be stowed upon Sherman^s arm)-; almost the entire space in the papers was taken up by the many descriptions given of decimated Regiments and tattered battleflags, together with incidents of the parade. On the 26th, orders were issued to muster out and send home a very large portion of 233 the army. The Company officers were busy making muster-out rolls for their respective Companies. We were soon on board the ears on our way back to Camp Morton at Indianapolis, where we arrived in due time, receiving on our way through Virginia, Ohio and Indiana an ova tion at every station. At Indianapolis we were met in the State House Yard by Governor O. P. Morton, who welcomed the survivors of the Old One Hundredth back to Indiana, and paid an eloquent tribute to the Regiment. In a few days we were mustered out of the service, and those of us who were so fortunate as to be one of the survivors returned to our homes and friends, and resolved ourselves at once into that class of citi zenship which has had no equal in the history of any of the nations of the earth. The Field and Staff of the looth Indiana. Colonel Sanford J. Stoughton entered the service from Ligonier, Noble county, Indiana. lie was commissioned Colonel of the looth Indi ana Infantry October icjth, 1862, and mustered as such on" the 29th. He resigned January 7, 1864. Colonel Albert Heath entered the service from Elkhart, Indiana. He was commissioned Lieutenant Colonel on the i8th and mustered on the 2oth of October, 1862, and commanded the Regiment during the pursuit of Price in North ern Mississippi and 1 the sieges of Vicksburg and Jackson- He was severely wounded during the 234 Oliver P. Morton. Indiana s War Govern Colonel Albert Heath. looth Indiana Infantry. (From an old war times photograph.) assault on Missionary Ridge, November 25, 1863. He was commissioned Colonel, January 8, 1864, and discharged for disability May 10, 1865. Colonel Ruel M. Johnson entered the service from Goshen, Indiana. lie recruited Company U D" of the looth Indiana in Elkhart county and was commissioned as its Captain August 22, 1862, and mustered on September loth following. On the 1 8th of August he was promoted and commissioned Major, vice Robert Parrott killed, lie was mustered September 5, 1863. On Jan uary 9, 1864, he was promoted and commis sioned Lieut. Colonel, and on May 2, 1865, he was again promoted and commissioned Colonel of the Regiment. Colonel John son was fitted by nature to command men. He rirst attracted the favorable notice of his superior officers by his conduct at the siege of Jackson, Mississippi, for which he was recom mended for promotion, (Loomis 1 Off. Report, 37-631). He again came into general notice on the battlefield of Missionary Ridge where he deported himself in a manner without a parallel. Col. John Mason Loomis, who com manded our Brigade, has said of the looth Regiment and of the conduct of Col. Johnson on that day, that they (the looth) were suffering severely from the fire of Cleburne s Division, even after the)" had laid down. But he (Major Johnson) was still on his feet and had perfect control of his men. lie could have led them forward with enthusiasm if it had been re quired. I remained mounted except when my horse was shot, * * * and was frequentlv PH the line of Col. Johnson s Regiment, so that I had them in full view; and I had so much confi dence in Col. Johnson, that I did not doubt his Regiment would stay with him if he lived. I only watched them to see if he did still live in that storm of lead and iron, often concealed in the smoke of bursting shell. The quiet temper of his men told me that he did still live." The same statement almost verbatim has been made by Col. John W. Ileadington and others, who saw the conduct of Col. Johnson on that day. The foregoing statements by Col. John Mason Loomis and Lieut. Col. Ileadington are attested by the following named officers and sol diers of the Regiment, who were present and actively participated in the battle. Capt. Sher lock, Co. "A, 11 Capt. Sabin, Co. "IV Capt. John K. Morrow, Co. "C," Sergt. John W. Miller, Co. "E," Capt. Leonard Akers, Co. "F," C. W. Rarick, Abram Geiger, T. N. Fowler, J. A. Nason and E. A. Rines of Co. "II, 1 A. J. Snyder, John Zimmerman, Geo. W. Powers, D. S. Gillispie, Saml. Parker, J. Em- erick, William Davis and Silas Goodrich of Co. "IV James Collins, Co. "E, 11 D. E. Newman, Eli Lusher, Silas Mott, Jacob Crull, C. N. Cole- man and Charles R. Kingsley of Co. "D, 11 and many others. The conduct of the looth Regiment on that day and that of its brave commander became well known throughout the country and finally reached the dull ears of the war department, which was bound to take notice of the bravery of Col. Johnson, and in recognition of his services a medal of honor was duly awarded to him. The Secretary of War, in notifying the Colonel of 240 Colonel Ruel M. Johnson. IQoth Indiana Volunteer; Infantry. its issue uses the following language in his letter of transmittal. tc Colonel Ruel M.Johnson, "Late of the looth Indiana Volunteers, "Elkhart, Ind. "Sin: I have the honor to inform you that by direction of the President, and in accordance with the Act of Congress approved March 3, 1863, providing for the presentation of medals of honor to such officers, non-commissioned officers and privates as have most distinguished them selves in action, the Acting Secretary of War has awarded you a medal of honor for most dis tinguished gallantry in action at Chattanooga, Tennessee, Nov 25, 1863.^ "In making the award the Acting Secretary used the following language: "At that time, this officer was Major of the "Regiment, and after the Lieutenant-Colonel "commanding was wounded and left the field, he "took command of the Regiment, pushing for- "ward to the railroad in front of Tunnel hill, "through the most destructive tire of the enemy, "where the whole Brigade \vas ordered to lay "down, hold the ground gained and protect them selves as much as possible under cover of the embankment. This was done by the men but "Colonel Johnson remained on his feet marching "for four hours from right to left and from left to "right along the battle line, cheering his men and urging them to stand fast to their duty, being all "the time exposed to a most dangerous and gall- "ing fire of the enemy, only a few hundred feet "away, four bullets passing through his coat and 245 i t 4 he receiving a wound in his right cheek by a O c* +/ "fragment of a shell. 11 O "The medal has been forwarded to you to day by registered mail. Upon the receipt of it please advise this office thereof. "Very Respectfully, "F. L. Ainsworth, Col. U. S. Army. "Chief, Record and Pension Office. 11 During the winter of 1863-4, he made the looth Indiana the best drilled Regiment, in the performance of field evolutions in the United States. No Regiment in the Federal service could go through the evolutions in daylight which that Regiment could perform on the double quick in the darkness the drilling hours being from 3:30 to 5*30 A. M. each morning. He came into general notice again on the bat tlefield in front of Resaca, May 13, 1864, when with a skirmish line composed of men from the looth Regiment deployed in front of the Division, he drove a whole Confederate Brigade from the field in the presence of Generals McPherson, Lo gan and Harrow. (Official Rept. Gen. Harrow, 74-278.) He was again brought to the notice of Gen. Logan by the shrewd and clever manner in which he brought off the Division skirmish line at Dal las, which he was placed in charge of by Gen. Logan, without the loss of a man, although the Rebel Army was confronting his line. After these successes he was detailed on Gen. Harrow s staff as skirmish officer of the Divison. At the battle of Atlanta he was taken prisoner on the front line by a force which had gained our rear during the many bloody assaults which took place Front Reverse. Medals Awarded to Colonel R. M. Johnson for bravery in the battle of Chattanooga by the war department F. Lieutenant Colonel John W. Headington, looth Indiana Infantry. on that eventfvl day. He is specially men tioned in the official report of Gen. Harrow and Col. Reub Williams for gallantry in that battle. (Official Kept. Gen. Harrow, 74-281.) (Official Report Col. Williams, 74-289). The Colonel was started towards Macon, Georgia, as a prisoner, along with 1,700 men and 75 other officers. On the third day he es caped and had almost reached our lines, when he was recaptured and sent to Charleston, South Carolina, and placed under tire of our batteries. In September, 1864, a limited exchange of pris oners took place, and by special request of Gen. Sherman he was included therein. He distinguished himself in the pursuit of Hood. On the march to the sea, the battle of Griswoldville, the campaign through the Caro- linas, and specially at the battle of Bentonville, and "his entire term of service was interspersed with brilliant achievements. Lieutenant Colonel Ileadington entered the service from Portland, Jay County Indiana. He recruited Company t; H, n of the looth Indiana, in that county, and was commissioned as its Cap tain on the nth and mustered on the 23d of September, 1862. He was promoted to Major of the Regiment June i, 1864, and to Lieutenant Colonel May 21, 1865. Col. Headington com manded the Regiment from the battle of Love- joy until the return of Col. Johnson, after the latter was exchanged. He enjoys the remarka ble distinction of having taken an active part in every campaign and every encounter in which the Regiment took any part, during the entire period of its enlistment. He was not an impetu ous, hasty, or rash man, but was in pos- 251 session of a cool head and good judgment at all times and in every emergency. r i he men all had implicit confidence in him. He was certainly the George II. Thomas of the Regiment; a good disciplinarian and withal, a genial, companion able officer, and when occasion required him to expose himself or his men he was perfectly ob livious to his personal safety. He first came into special notice on the bat tlefield of Missionary Ridge, when, after seven out of ten color bearers and guards had been shot down, he accompanied Uncle Joe Hawkins of Company lt ll," in bearing alott the Regi mental Hag. lie received personal mention tor efficiency and gallantry in the battle of Gris- woldville, in which he took an honorable and conspicuous part. Majors. Major Robert Parrot entered the service from Lagrange, Indiana. He was commissioned Major on the i8th and was mustered on the 28th of October, 1862. He was one ot those good men whom everybody loved even an enemy would be ashamed to hate such a man. He was killed by the falling of a tree during a storm at Oak Ridge in the rear of Vicksburg on July 6th, 1863. Major Venamon entered the service from Goshen, Indiana. He was commissioned First Lieutenant of Company t4 D, n looth Indiana, August 22d, 1862, and mustered on the loth of September. On the i8th of August, 1863, he 252 Major W. H. Venamon. (From an old war times photograph,) Ed. Goldsmith, Lieutenant and Adjutant looth Indiana Infantry. was ^promoted to the Captaincy of Company 4t D, 11 and on May ist, 1865, he was promoted Major of the Regiment. lie was a quiet, un ostentatious officer. lie enjoyed the respect and confidence of his superior officers as well as that of the officers and men generally. Whenever duty required Major Venamon to perform any seryice, no matter how difficult or dangerous, he was always promptly there and performed that duty. Adjutants. Adjutant Edward P. Williams entered the seryice from Fort Wayne. lie was commis sioned August 2jth and mustered August 28th, 1862. He was afterward promoted to" A. C. S. and left the Regiment. Adjutant William II. Ghere enlisted in Captain Thomas C Dalbey s Company "I" as a private soldier. He was commissioned Adju tant June 1 5th, 1863, and resigned May 2 9 th, 1864. Adjutant Edwin Goldsmith entered the service from Orland, Stuben County, Indiana, was commissioned Second Lieutenant in Com pany 4fc B" August i5th, 1862, was promoted to First Lieutenant January ^oth, 1864, and to Adjutant, April 2o~th, 1864, and served as such until the end of the war and was mustered out with the Regiment. Adjutant Goldsmith re ceived a flattering personal notice in Col. Heath s official report of the Atlanta campaign in the following words: t; I also make special mention of Lieut. E. Goldsmith, my Adjutant cool and self possessed in time of danger. No one possesses the confi dence of the men more than he does. I also recommend him for promotion. 11 (See serial 74 P- 3 1/)- Adjutant Goldsmith received favorable per sonal notice by Col. R. M. Johnson in his official report of the battle of Griswoldville. (See Johnson 1 s official report.) Regimental Surgeons. Samuel France, Regimental Surgeon, en tered the service from Syracuse, Indiana. He was commissioned December 2nd, 1862, and mustered January 6th, 1863. Dr. France served efficiently in the field with the regiment until after the surrender of Vicksburg and Jackson. He tendered his resignation August nth, 1863, while we lay at Camp Sherman, on the Big Black River. By his cheery words of badinage, or some well -told dry joke of professional or camp life, he says that he often did more than his pills or potions to restore the physical health or mental brightness to the depressed in spirits. At Camp Sherman, on Big Black river, after the siege of Vicksburg, and the return of the Regiment from Jackson, Dr. France s health became undermined. He then conferred with Dr. Lomax and Dr. Shaw the Brigade and Division Surgeons, who gave it as their opinion that his paly h ^Q of prolonging pr saving his Samuel France, M. D. Surgeon iooth Indiana Infantry. D. J. Swarts, First Assistant Surgeon looth Indiana Infantry. life, was to resign and return to civil life, where he could have home comforts. lie returned to his Indiana home at Goshen, much broken in health. Surgeon France was a skilled physician, and scientific surgeon, a whole-souled comrade and a warm-hearted friend of all the boys, whether he had the epaulette of office on his shoulders, or the badge of the patriot soldier, the knapsack, strapped to his back. Self-sacrificing free-hearted and generous, was Dr. France. Assistant Surgeons. First Assistant Surgeon looth Indiana, David J. S warts entered the army from Auburn, DeKalb county, Indiana. He was com missioned First Lieutenant of Company "A 11 August 1 3th and mustered Sept loth, 1862. lie- was promoted to be First Assistant Surgeon October 3rd, 1862. Dr. Swarts served with the Regiment until the end of the war in the field and was an honest, faithful and very competent officer and had the respect and confidence of all the officers and men of the command. He was sev eral times detailed on detached service at the Corps hospitals after a heavy engagement, in which a great many had been wounded. He en joyed the distinction of being one of the best surgeons in the I5th Corps. Seventy-five sur geons were killed and wounded in battle during the war. Dr. Leavitt enlisted as a private soldier in Captain Brouse s Company C4 K" looth Indiana 263 Infantry. On the i2th of May, 1863, he was pro- moted to be assistant surgeon vice Richard Ma- gee, dismissed May the 8th, 1863. On August 1 2th, 1863, he was promoted to be surgeon of the Regiment. Assistant Surgeon Henry II. Hand entered the army as a private soldier in Company "C, 11 looth Indiana. His qualities soon attracted the attention of his superior officers, and as he pos sessed some knowledge of medicine and an apti tude and special capacity and qualifications for its practice and administration, he was promoted to be hospital steward of the Regiment January i, 1864. lie performed his duties in that capac ity so faithfully that he was commissioned As sistant Surgeon of the Regiment. On the 22d of February, 1865, on the march through the Carolinas oYi the Peay s Ferry road, Dr. Hand and Henry Stebbins of Company "G" were ambushed by Rebels. Stebbins and his horse and Dr. Hand s horse fell dead. Dr. Hand was taken prisoner and sent to the Rebel prison in Florence, South Carolina, and confined within the dead line until he was exchanged at the close of the war. Hospital Steward A. Devilbiss entered the service in Company "A," rooth Indiana, August 10, 1862. He possessed at that time some knowledge of medicine which recommended him to his superior officers as an excellent man for that service to which he was soon assigned. He served faithfully and efficiently until he was com pelled to leave the service to save his life. He carried with him on his departure the gratitude of many a poor soldier whose sufferings he had alleviated. 264 Dr. Philander C. Leavitt. looth Indiana Infantry. (From a war times photograph.) H. H. Hand, fl. D. Assistant Surgeon looth Indiana Infantry. (From a war times photograph.) Chaplains. Rev. Charles A. Munn entered the service as Chaplain of the looth Indiana, from DeKalb County, on the 8th and was mustered on the I4th of November, 1862. lie served faithfully in the field until August 10, 1863, when he resigned. Rev. John A. Brouse, father of Captain Charles W. Brouse, of Company C K," entered the service from Indianapolis. He was commis sioned September i8th and mustered on the ist ot November, 1863, and served faithfully with the Regiment in the field until the end ~of the There was no more loyal or patriotic class of people in the United States service than the Regimental Chaplains; their voices all over the Melds occupied by our armies, ascended daily as the voice of one man for the success of the Union cause and its Army. These officers were always found ready to aid and comfort the soldiers In camp, in the hospital or on the field of battle, for we had many fighting Chaplains in the armv, and many of them were killed and wounded in the hottest of the fight. The writer has seen Chaplain Brouse of the looth Indiana, during an engagement, right in the front line of battle, perfectly oblivious "to his own personal safety, aiding and encouraging the men to fight. He was beloved by the officers and men of his Regiment because he was a Chris tian and a patriot. lie was brave and fearless, and knew no clanger in the field, where he was al ways found during an engagement. Eleven Chaplains were killed and many were wounded in battle during the \var. 269 George W. Gore enlisted as a private soldier in Company ^B, 11 looth Indiana, August 15, 1862. He was promoted to First Sergeant of Company "B, 1 and was very severely wounded in the assault on Missionary Ridge. lie served notwithstanding until the end of the war, and was mustered out as Sergeant Major of the Regiment, to whieh position he had been promoted for gal- lantrv in battle. Quartermasters. Regimental Q. M. Alba M. Tucker entered the service from Goshen, Indiana, and was com missioned R. Q. M. September 9, 1862. He was promoted to Captain and A.Q. M., and mus tered out by way of favor. R. Q. M. German Brown enlisted as a pri vate soldier in Company "B," at Orland, Indi ana, August 15, 1862. He was promoted Regi mental Quartermaster January 5, 1864, while we lay at Belief ont, and served until the end of the war. John II. Broderick enlisted as a private soldier in Company U D," looth Indiana, was mustered September 18, 1862. Mr. Broderick was a quick and correct business man, and the atten tion of his superior officers was for that reason soon attracted to him, and he was promoted to be Regimental Commissary Sergeant, a position of great responsibility which he rilled to the en tire satisfaction of the officers and with great credit to himself, although one of the hardest in the Regiment to till. He served faithfully and 27Q A. Devilbiss fl. D. Hospital Steward rooth Indiana Infantry. creditably until the end of the war, and was mustered out with the Regiment. Quartermaster Sergeant. Frank J. Elaine enlisted as a private soldier in Company t4 D, ?? looth Indiana Regiment, August 22, 1862. He was soon after promoted to be Quartermaster Sergeant, and served as such to the satisfaction of the Regiment and was mustered out with it. I5th Army Corps Scouts==Known also as Hall s Scouts. HalFs Scouts were organized by Henry J. Hall, of Company "C." He aided in recruiting that company. He was ambitious and the ele ment of fear \vas not in him. He longed for an o opportunity to distinguish himself by the per formance of daring and reckless acts. Under the direction General Hurlbut he did scouting in the winter of 1862-3. During that time he per formed such distinguished services that the Gen eral gave him an order to select men from any command he desired. He chose men from his own Company, "C," of the looth a number of as brave, reliable and intrepid men as could be found in the entire Federal Army, embracing among others, Theodore F. Upson, John Ryason, John Whitlock, James A. Taylor, Harlow J. Hearne, Milo B. Squires, William Sharp, and 275 others. These men Hall knew would tight until they were dead when duty required it, and they performed such valuable services during the siege of Vicksburg and Jackson that General Sherman gave Hall permission to select 100 men for special duty as scouts. Nelson Austin, S. A. Albright, Thomas Legg and others, were taken from the looth and added to these scouts, and many indeed are the daring exploits they per formed. With only rive men, near Florence, Ala bama, Hall, captured a Confederate Lieutenant Colonel, a Major, a Captain, a Sergeant and thir teen privates and turned them over to General Sherman. He set out once w r ith a few men on a most hazardous expedition. In the dusk of the evening he and his men were ambushed by a superior force with double barrelled shot guns and Hall was mortally wounded. After his death the scouts were divided up among the different army headquarters. Theodore F. Upson was captured twice during the battle of Atlanta, but escaped. Some of the scouts were killed, others wounded, but they left a name for the performance of deeds of daring, of which any soldier might be proud indeed. 276 - Rev. John A Brouse, Chaplain looth Indiana Volunteers John H. Broderick. Com.-Sergeant looth Indiana Infantry. Theodore F. Upson, One of the daring isth A. C. Scouts. Roster of Company A, looth Indiana Infantry. Captain Marquis L. Rhodes recruited Com pany A 11 at Auburn. He enlisted August 6, 1862, and was commissioned August i3th. lie died in Memphis, near Fort Pickering, Decem ber 10, 1862. Ezra D. Hartman entered the service as Second Lieutenant on August 13, 1862. He was promoted to First Lieutenant October 4th, and to Captain on the nth of December, 1862. He served in the field in Northern Mississippi and Southern Tennessee in the winter of 1862-3; was in active service along the line of the Memphis & Charleston Railroad during the winter and spring of 1863. He commanded his Company during the siege of Vicksburg and on the march to Jackson. During the siege of those places he was much exposed to the intense heat and dust during the summer of 1863, the effects of which broke down his health and almost de stroyed his eyesight. He was honorably dis charged by order of the war department Novem ber 6, 1863. Captain Hartman took with him the regrets of both officers and men when he left the service. Lucius Barney entered the service as Orderly Sergeant. He was promoted to Second Lieu- 283 tenant, then to First Lieutenant and then to Cap tain, lie was honorably discharged for disability August 12, 1864. John II. Moore entered the service as Sec ond Sergeant. On the nth of December, 1862, he was promoted to Second Lieutenant, and on the 7th of November to First Lieutenant, and was commissioned Captain, but was not mus tered as such. lie served faithfully in the field during 1862-3-4. lie was mortally wounded by n. cannon shot on the front line at the battle of Lovejoy, September 2, 1864, and died at Mari etta, Georgia, October i, 1864. Eli J. Sherlock was promoted to Orderly Sergeant, was through the campaign in Northern Mississippi, the seige of Vicksburg and Jackson, the march from Vicksburg to Chattanooga; was wounded in the assault on Missionary Ridge, par ticipated in the Atlanta campaign, was Assistant Provost Marshal of Marietta, Georgia, in July and part of August, 1864; was in the battles of [onesboro and Lovejoy, the pursuit of Hood, the march to the sea; was wounded at Griswoldville, was at the siege of Savannah, was at the burning of Columbia, made the march through the Caro- linas. Was promoted to First Lieutenant August 1 3th, 1864, and to Captain, October 2nd, 1864. Lieut. H. E. Meeker entered the service August 13111, 1862. On October 2nd, 1864, he was promoted to First Lieutenant. He served through the sieges of Vicksburg and Jackson; was wounded at Missionary Ridge. He made the march to Knoxville and was in every en gagement of the Atlanta campaign; was in the march to the sea and the siege of Savannah and took an active part in the march through the 284 Captain E. D. Hartman. Company A, looth Indiana. (From an old photograph, 1867.) Carolinas, being on detached service under special orders in charge of a forage detail. His men had many brushes with the Rebels. Lieut. Meeker was a good soldier and officer and had in him naturally all the elements of a dashing cavalry commander. Lieutenant Albertus A. Waters was pro moted on November 22nd, 1864, to Second Lieutenant. lie served during the war and was honorably discharged at Washington, D. C., June 8th, 1865. Few men in the regiment were better known than Lieutenant Waters. Fair, William II., was promoted to Sergeant for bravery in front of the enemy. Sergeant Fair was one of the solid men among the soldiers of Company "A" as every member of that Company will bear witness. His conduct as a soldier on all occasions was such as to merit the confidence and esteem of his superior officers, and he enjoyed the distinction of participating in every battle or skirmish in which the Regiment was engaged. He served faithful!) during the war and was honorably discharged at Washing ton, D. C., June 8, 1865. Kindell, John L., Sergeant Died at La- grange, Term., January u, 63. Lockhart, \Vm. C., Sergeant Discharged October 23, 63. Klien, Cleveland A., Sergeant Died at Col- lierville, Term., April 2, 63. Dewitt, Daniel, Sergeant Discharged Octo ber 24, 65. Hall, John M., Sergeant Mustered out June 8, 65. Robbins, Albert Discharged, Nov. n, 62. Davis, Oliver S. Wounded at Jackson^ 287 Mississippi, and at Missionary Ridge; died at Fayetteville, North Carolina, February, 65. Walker, James P. Died at Memphis, Tenn., October 24, ^63. Bodinc, David C., Sergeant Wounded severely at Missionary Ridge. Shuman, George, Musician Mustered out May 19, 65. Durbin, Joseph C., Wagoner Served faithfully during the war. Anthony, Abraham Died at Holly Springs January 8, 63. Arthur, Martin Promoted to Corporal for meritorious conduct in line of duty; served faith fully during the war; mustered out June 8, 6y Beams, George Died at Memphis, Tenn., November 24, ^62. Bolinger, Benjamin Served faithfully dur ing the war; mustered out June 8, 65. Boren, John W. Died at Atlanta, Georgia, Oct. 24, 64. Butler, Irving Died at Snyder^s Bluff on Yazoo river, Miss., July 24, ^3. Boylcs, Artemas Died at Grand Junction, Tenn., Feb. 20, 63. Buchanan. Reason- Died at Nashville, Tenn., Jan. 24, 64. Buchanan, George Wounded severely at Griswoldvllle, Georgia, Nov. 2 2nd, 64; mus tered out, June 8, 65. He was a good soldier. Buchanan, John A., Sergeant Served dur ing the war; discharged, June 8, 65. Culver, Harrison Died at Memphis, Tenn., Dec. 24, 63. Critchet, Jonathan Auburn. Served faith fully during the war; mustered out June 8, ? 65- 288 Captain E. J. Sherlock. Company A, icoth Indiana. (From an old war times photograph.) Hanford E. Meeker. First Lieutenant Company A, tooth Indiana. Sergeant William H. Fair. Company A, looth Indiana. Dimmit, William II. Died at Abbeville, Miss., Dec. 24, 62. Davis, James Died at Jefferson Barracks, Mo., Dec. 22, 64. Davis, John Served during the war; mus tered out June 8, 65. Frees, Samuel Served during the war; mustered out June 8, 65. Frees, Hammond Wounded, Mission Ridge. Served during the war; mustered out June 8, 65. Fiant, John Served during the war; mus tered out June 8, 65 . Friedt, Henry Discharged, disablity, Jan uary 30, 63. Farver, Lemuel Served during the war; mustered out June 8, 65. Guthrie, Simeon Served during the war; mustered out May 26, 65. Goodenough, Abel R. Discharged January 28, 63. Grubb, John Died at Collierville, Tenn., March 18, 63. Ilaines, Napoleon A. Wounded, Mission Ridge, and transferred to V. R. C. Howser, Jonathan -- Promoted Corporal; mustered out June 8, 65. Howser, Gideon Died at Collierville, Tenn., May i, 63. Hursh, John Died at Memphis, Tenn., February 8, 63. Hursh, Benjamin Transferred to Company "F"; served during the war. 293 Hammond, James Died at Grand Junction, Term., February 22, 63. Ilolden, Samuel Transferred to V. R. C., November 25, 63. Jones, Wesley J. Discharged for disability, May 26, 63. Jones, Theodore Killed, Dallas, Georgia, June 8, 64. Long, Harrison Wounded slightly on head battle Dallas, Georgia, June 8, 64; served dur ing the war. Likens, William Discharged for disability August 21, 63. McNabb, John Died spotted fever at Hol ly Springs, Miss., Jan. 6, 63. Maxwell, William B. Wounded, Mission Ridge, November 25, 63; mustered out May 13, 65. Melvin, George W. Served during the war; discharged June 8th, 65. Melvin, Wallace J. Died at Holly Springs, Miss., December 2nd, 62. Mohler, John R. Wounded severely, Mis sion Ridge; discharged June iyth, 64. McGoon, Benjamin P. Wounded, Mission Ridge; mustered out June 8th, 65. McConnel, John Wounded, Mission Ridge; died at Auburn, Ind., Jan. ist, 64. Miller, Silas C. Transferred to V. R. C.; discharged July i4th, 65. Noel, George Died at Memphis, Tennes see, Nov. 5th, 63. 294 Corporal Charles T. Rogers. Company A, icoth Indiana. Served faithfully during the war; was promoted for meritorious conduct as a soldier; was well known in the regiment, and had the respect of both officers and men. William B. Graham, n. D., Company A. Served faithfully during the war. He enjoyed the respect of his officers and the esteem of the men. Osburn, Enos Died at Nashville, Tennes see, June 3rd, 64. Olinger, John S. Honorably discharged May 26th, 63." Olinger, Anthony Killed at Battle of Love- joy, Georgia, September 2nd, ^64. Olinger, Daniel Served during the war; discharged June 8th, Y)^. Penny, Lewis F. Died at Memphis, Tenn., November 24th, 62. Piffer, Daniel Discharged for disabilty May 9 th, 63. Piffer, Joseph Wounded at Mission Ridge; Honorably mustered out as Corporal June 8th, Powell, JLevi B. Wounded at Mission Ridge and at Griswoldville, Georgia, Nov. 22nd, 64. Palmer, Hiram Served during the war; mustered out June 8th, 65. Prosser, Joseph Promoted to Corporal, served faithfully during the war; honorably mus tered out June 8th, 65. Raub, John B. Served during the war; mustered out June 10, 6^. Symonds, John C. Wounded at Mission Ridge; mustered out July yth, 65. Swander, John Discharged for disability Nov. nth, "62. Squires, Asher Died at Paducah, Ken tucky, August ijth, 63. Squires, Nathan Wounded severely at 299 Mission Ridge, Nov. 25th, 63; mustered out June 8th, 65 . Shaw, Ansel M. Served faithfully for three years. lie was wounded at the battle of Missionary Ridge, having been placed on the skirmish line that day by the writer. He was promoted for bravery on the field. Smith, Isaac Served during the war, mus tered out June 8, 65. Skinner, Orlancler Died at Memphis, Term., November 17, 62. Ulm, Jeremiah Served faithfully during the war. Honorably mustered out June 8, ,65. Vanlear, John D. Served honorably until the close of the war. Mustered out June 8, 65. Was wounded in the battle of Resaca. Wiltrout, Benjamin S. Served until the close of the war. Ben was a good soldier. Wearly, Calvin J. Transferred to Marine Brigade. Warner, John Died at Collierville, Term., April 8, 63. Wilson, Shipley Discharged for disability May 26, 63. Wolf, Henry Wounded severely at Mis sion Ridge Nov. 25, 63. Captured at Cass- ville, Georgia. Mustered out June 22, 65. Promoted for bravery at the battle of Missionary Ridge. Wyatt, Richard Died at Memphis, Tenn., October 16, 63. Cordray, Walter Discharged for disability, March 23, 63. SCO Corporal A. M. Shaw. Company A- Campbell, Alvin Transferred to 48th Indi ana Infantry May 30, 65. Carr, Cyrus Transferred to 48th Indiana Infantry May 30, 65. Kramer, Christian Dropped out of ranks near Whiteside, Term., Dec. 19, 6?; undoubt edly killed. Moe, Lemuel Transferred to 48th Indiana Infantry May 30, 65. Nickerson, Alden Died at Murfreesboro, Tenn., Nov. 24, 63. New, Leopold Discharged for disability, Department of Memphis, Jan. 16, 63. He after ward supplied the army with newspapers by per mission from General Grant. Olinger, Cyrus Transferred to 48th Indiana May 30/65. Phelps, George S. Mustered Dec. 6, 64; transferred to 48th Indiana May 30, 65. Rawson, Thomas Wounded, Dallas; trans ferred to 48th Indiana May 30, 65. 303 Roster of Company B, looth Indiana Infantry. Captain Orla }. Fast was mustered as First Lieutenant of Company "B," September ioth, 1862, and as Captain, March i5th, 1864. lie resigned May 3oth, 1865, to aeeept a pro motion as A. A. G. U. S. Vols., having been commissioned as such by the President. Cap tain Fast was well known and highly respected throughout the whole army. Captain Joseph W. Gillespie entered the service August i5th, 1862. lie served until January 29th, 1864, when he resigned. Capt. Marden Sabin enlisted August i5th, 1862. On May ist, 1864, he was promoted to First Lieutenant, over the heads of several very good men, on account of his efficiency and meri torious conduct as a soldier. Lieut. Sabin served with credit and distinction through all of the en gagements in the Atlanta campaign, the march to the sea and through the Carolinas. May ist, 1865, he was promoted to the Cap taincy of his company, an honor which was by him well deserved and honestly merited. lie enjoyed the respect of the officers aud men of the regiment. He w r as an intelligent, efficient and brave officer. Walter R. Parker enlisted in Company "B" as a private soldier August i5th, 1862. He served as such until November 22nd, 1864, when he was promoted from the ranks to be Second 304 Captain Orla J. Fast. looth Indiana Infantry. Commissioned A. A. G. by the President. Captain Marden Sabin. Company B. tooth Indiana Infantry. Lieutenant of his company for meritorious con duct in the line of his duty; and on May ist, 1865, he was promoted to be First Lieutenant and was mustered out with the regiment. Lieut. Samuel Blanchard entered the service as Fourth Sergeant of Company "B. 1 He was promoted to be First Sergeant and on May ist, 1865, to be Second Lieutenant. He served faithfully during the war. Gillespie, David S. Discharged for dis ability, Sept. 3rd, 63. Conkey, Manning S. Killed at Jonesboro, Georgia, Aug. 3 ist, 64, by shell. Flint, Francis Promoted to Sergeant Aug. 3 ist, 63. Carver, Henry W. Discharged for dis ability May 22nd, 63. Rude, Charles Died at Grand Junction, Tenn., Jan. 22nd, 63. Sutherland, Andrew J. Served during the war. Chadwick, Samuel Died August 26th, 64, at Marrietta, Georgia. Brooks, Henry---Died September 19, 62, at Madison, Ind. Wilder, Charles H. Served during the wa r. Bodley, Aaron Served during the war. Abbott, William Served during the war. Brockw^ay, George Died September 14, 63, at Camp Sherman. Bodley, James Served during the war. Bodley, Philo Died Dec. 30, 62, at Holly Springs. Bradley, James Mustered out, June 30, 309 Bradley, Daniel Mustered out June 30. 7 65- Brock, Monroe Served during the war. Blass, Clarkson B. Served during the war. Blass, Jefferson Died Feb. 20/64, at Bellc fonte Station, Ala. Burton, John Mustered out Aug. 9, 65. Betzer, Peter Died March 5, 63, at Grand function, Tenn. Betxer, Adam Discharged for disability at Memphis, Tenn. Baily, Samuel Promoted to Corporal June 25, 7 6 4 / Carpenter, Chauney Promoted to Cor poral, June 6, ^64. Cole, Royal Wounded severely in the bat tle of Missionary Ridge; discharged on account of w r ounds, June 6, 64. Cook, George F. Served faithfully during the war. lie was promoted for meritorious con duct in line of duty. He possessed many sol dierly qualities, w r as a good man and a brave and effecient soldier. Casper, Levi Promoted to Corporal Dec. 3i, 64. Casper, Lewis Died Feb. 18, 63, at Grand Junction, Tenn. Cluck, George Died April i, 63 at Col- lierville, Tenn. Clark, John C. Killed at siege of Atlanta, August 2i, 64. Cleveland, Addison Served during the war. 810 George F. Cook. Company B, looth Indiana Infantry. Gil. Rhoades. Company B, looth Indiana. Dillingham, Jerome B. Died April 9, 63, Collierville. Dillingham, James Served during the war. Davis, William Served during the war. Dudley, Grove II. Served during the war; was a good soldier. Dimon, Henry Discharged for disability June 3, 63. Denman, Smith Discharged for disability June 3, 63. Ebert, James M. Served during the war. Ellis, Charles Killed in a skirmish near Cave Springs, Georgia, November i, 64, after he was a prisoner. Emerich, Jonathan Served during the war. French, George Wounded, Resaca, Ga., May 13, 1864; mustered out May 30, 65. Goodrich, Silas Served during the war. Gillespie, Rufus R. Promoted to Corporal Dec. 8, 62. Green, David Died April 28, 63, at Mem phis, Tenn. ^Hurd, Harvey M. Discharged Sept. 3, 63, at Camp Sherman. Haynes, Martin Died July 22, 63, at Memphis, Tenn. Haynes, John Served during the war. Haines, Monroe J. Served during the war. Hoover, Joseph Served during the war. Hilton, Lewis L. Promoted Corporal; pro moted Sergeant; served during the war. Hoolihan, Joseph Discharged June 9, 63, Memphis, Tenn, Jarvis, Clement Served during the war, Johnson, Henry Served during the war, 81/5 fad win, John P. Promoted to Corporal Dec. 31, 64. Kellogg, William Discharged March 7, 63, at Cairo, 111. Kale, James Died March 19, 63, at Col- lierville. Keith, Lewis Killed in the battle of Jones- boro, Georgia, August 31, 64, by fragment of shell. Lee, Clark Died Feb. u, 63, at Grand Junction, Tenn. Musser, John Promoted Corporal; pro moted Sergeant; served during the war. McLane, Ambrose Discharged June 9, 63, at Memphis, Tenn. Northway, George F. Died May 3, 64, at Memphis, Tenn. Pulver, William O. Mustered as Wagoner after Dec. 31, 63. Parker, Samuel Seived during the war. Powers, George W. Promoted to Corpo ral; discharged Feb. 16, 63. Root, Rodney H. Died Nov. 7, 64, at Chattanooga, Tenn. Rollins, George R. Served during the war. Rhoads, Gil Everybody knew Gil he was the life of his Company. A brave man and an honest, trustworthy and intrepid soldier. lie served faithfully and efficiently during the war. He had the respect of all the officers and men of the Regiment, and never faltered when duty called. Rodgers, Bradley Promoted to Corporal; served during the war. Shumway, Return U. Was an exemplary man, an efficient soldier, brave and faithful in the 316 Return U. Shumway. Company B. Tooth Indiana Infantry. discharge of all his duties. lie was discharged for disability, September 8, 64. Sutherland, Christopher Columbus Wa^- oner. Suppenough, Tuffle Served during the war. Sultz, Jacob Served during the war. Scott, Henry Wounded mortally at Re- saca. Snyder, George Died November 12, 63, as Memphis, Tenn. Snyder, J. Andrew Served with distinction during the war; a good soldier. Soule, David Killed at Atlanta, August 25, 64. Sperry, Jackson E. Discharged Feb. 12, 63; at Indianapolis, Ind. Taylor, Cornelius Discharged Feb. 25, 63, at Indianapolis. Taylor, William J. Served during the war. Taylor, Warren Drowned in Mill creek near Bentonville, N. C., March 22, 65. Taylor, Orrin R. Discharged for disability June 3, 63. Welch, William J. Died April ic, 67, at Memphis, Tenn. Woodworth, Homer S. Discharged Sept. 3, 63, for disability. Wiggins, Nathan Served during the war. Young, Riley -- Promoted to Corporal; served during the war. Zimmerman, John Served during the war. Fanshaw, John II. Transferred to 48th In diana for further duty. Van Allstin, Charles E. Transferred to 4 8th Indiana for further duty. 319 Roster of Company "C," looth Indiana Infantry. Captain Harvey Crocker entered the service August 15, 1862. lie made the campaign of 1862-3 in Northern Mississippi. lie enjoyed the respect of his superior officers and the fullest con fidence of his men. He became severely afflicted with rheumatism during the winter of 1863, to such an extent that he was wholly unfit for duty, and was forced to resign in 1863 to save his life. Captain John K. Morrow entered the service August 15, 1*862, as First Lieutenant. lie was promoted to Captain June 3, 1863, and resigned February 20. 1864. lie did service at Vicksburg, Jackson and Missionary Ridge. Captain Edward Fobes entered the service as Fifth Corporal of Company ^C. 11 He was promoted to be First Lieutenant October 31, 1863, and March i, 1864, was promoted to be Captain. January 8, 1865, he resigned on ac count of disability. Captain John B. Pratt entered the service as Sergeant. lie was slightly wounded at Mission Ridge. lie was promoted to be First Lieutenant and" on January 9, 1865, to be Captain of Com pany "C." James Boycl was commissioned Second Lieu- 320 Captain H. Crocker. Company C. tenant August 15, 1862, and on June 3, 1863, h c was made First Lieutenant. lie died at Snyder 8 Bluffs on the Yazoo river, July 2/1863. Samuel W. Dille was .promoted to First Lieutenant March 18, 1865. He served through the war and was honorably discharged with the Regiment. Wounded at Resaca May 14, 1864. Samuel R. Miller was several times pro moted, the last being to that of Second Lieuten ant on November, 22, 64. He was honorably discharged with the Regiment. Myers, Sandford W. Wounded mortally, New Hope Church, Georgia. Fuller, John W. Sergeant, discharged Jan uary 10, 63. Cook, Jarred Sergeant, served with i5th Army Corps Scouts. Butler, Charles Mustered out June 8, 65. Finney, Isaiah E. Mustered out June 8, 6^. Legg, Peter Died at Grand Junction, Tenn. Feb. 4, 63. Spangler, George S. Mustered out as Ser geant June 8, ^5. Beck, James Discharged May 15, 65. I learn, Ilarlow J. Served with distinction in Scouts i5th A. C. Severely wounded at Knox- ville, Tenn. Brown, Theodore Served with i5th A. C. Scouts. Collins, James Served with i5th A. C Scouts. Austin, Nelson M. Served with i5th A. C. Scouts; an excellent soldier. Atwater, Marcus L. Captured on Atlanta Campaign, 64. 323 Alspaugh, Reuben Died at La Grange, Term., Feb. 13, 63. Albright, Samuel A. Wounded atResaca; an excellent soldier. Bennett, David Promoted to Captain iztjth Regiment. Brady, John Discharged Sept. i, 63. Boocher, Robert Wounded in battle of Dallas, Atlanta Campaign. Brady, David Discharged June 12, 64. Bean, John Mustered out June 8, 65. Barks, John Wounded at Jackson, Missis sippi; was a good soldier. Brower, Henry O. Transferred to V. R. C. Oct. 2, 63. Blackson, John J. Died at Camp Sherman, Miss., Aug. 21, 63. Bishop, C. Vancleve An excellent soldier; promoted to Corporal. Coomer, Justice Discharged June 10, 63. Coonrad, Jeremiah An excellent soldier, always faithful. Cook, Richard Died at Grand Junction, Term., Feb. 23, 63. Chaff ee, Ezra A. Mustered out as Cor poral June 8, 6y Clark, George M. Died on Hospital Boat, Sept. 28, 63. Clark, John II. Transferred to V. R. C. ; mustered out July 14, 65. Eiman, Abraham Served during the war; an excellent soldier. Finley, Cyrus Discharged June 16, 63. Finney, Daniel A. Discharged January 4, 64. 324 Gillett, Franklin Killed on Ogechee river December 6, 64. Harding, Daniel Promoted Corporal; an excellent soldier. Harding, Mathias Severely wounded Mis sion Ridge; an excellent soldier. Harding, Henry Mustered out June 8, 65. Hall, Henry Wounded mortally near Flor ence. Alabama, while in command of i5th A. C. Scouts; a good soldier; he was brave and fearless. (See Hall s Scouts.) Himes, Henry Mustered out as Corporal; a good soldier. Hand, Charles E. Served faithfully dur ing the war. Hulburt, George A. Discharged January 22, 63. Hunt, William P. Died at Colliersville, Term., May 2, 63. Hiestand, Samuel Died at Colliersville, Term., April 15, 63. Johnson, George Died Grand Junction, Tenn, Feb. 4, 63. Kingsley, James II. Died Haines Bluff, Miss., July 1 8, 63, Kimball, Omer A. Detailed as Division Blacksmith. Lazenby, Robert C. Died at LaGrange, Ind; was color bearer. Leib, Daniel M. Promoted ist. Lieut. i2th Cavalry. Legg, Thomas E. Served with the i5th A. C. Scouts; an excellent soldier. Miller, William Died at Memphis, Tenn., Oct. 12, 63. Millnes, William Mustered out June 8, 65. 325 Nichols, Thomas F. An excellent soldier; complimented by Col. Heath for keeping clean est gun in Regiment. Oliver, Thomas Mustered out May 30, 65. Phillips, Aaron Mustered out as Corporal June 8, 65. Phillips, Solomon A. An excellent soldier. Phillips, John C. Served during the war. Pontius, Jacob Wounded, Dallas, Ga., May 28, 64; was absolutely without fear in battle. Powell, John F. Died at Raines Bluff, Miss., September 28, 63. Pickel, Joseph Discharged May 2, 63. Plumb, Henry Died at Grand Junction, Term., Feb. 21, 63. Ryason, John Served with isth A. C. Scouts; was personally complimented for bravery by General Harrow. Rowe, Lewis Discharged July 5, 64. Royce, Joel W. Died at Holly Springs, Miss., Jan 3, 63. Ruff, William Wounded mortally at Mis sion Ridge. Richmond, Benjamin Served isth A. C. Scouts; an excellent soldier. Reed, Amos Died at Memphis, Tenn., May i, 63. " Rhodes, Paul Mustered out June 8, 65; a grand, good soldier. Rassler, John Mustered out as Corporal ; was a good soldier. Rathwell, John Discharged Jan. 15, 63. Sturgess, James II. Was a good soldier. Squires, Miles B. Served with 15^1 A. C. Scouts; was captured and paroled near Fayette- ville, N. C. 326 Starr, Ilulburt Died at St. Louis, Mo., Feb. 19, 63. Sharp, William Killed at Jonesboro, Geor gia, while Orderly on General Harrow s Staff. Favorably mentioned in the General 7 s offieial report of that battle. Tippett, James Diseharged June 2, 63. Todd, John W. Diseharged May n," 63; a good soldier. Taylor, James II. Served Scouts 151!! A. C. ; an excellent soldier. Thorn, Albert Wounded, Mission Ridge; mustered out as Sergeant. Whitney, Edward Killed, Missionary Ridge, Nov. 25, 63. Wolford, Aaron- --Killed, Griswoldville, Ga.; a good soldier. Woodruff, David Killed bv tree, Raines Bluff, July 8, 63. Weaver, Samuel Died at Lagrange,Tenn., March 13, 63. Whitlock, John W. Served with distinc tion in i5th A. C. Scouts. Wicson, George S. Died at Colliersville, Term., May 6, 63. Zook, Joseph Detailed as Wagoner in Ammunition train. Phillips, Hector Served during the war; an excellent soldier. 327 Roster of Company "D," looth Indiana. This Company was raised by Col. R. M. Johnson. lie was its first Captain (see Col. R. M. Johnson in Field and Staff). * John W. Geisinger was promoted First Lieu tenant August 22, and mustered October i6th. On May 1,1864, he was eommissioned as Captain of that Company. Lieutenant William J. Myers -- Mustered September 10, 1862; resigned August 10, 1863. Asa A. Norton was eommissioned as Seeond Lieutenant November 22, 1864, and as First Lietenant May i, 1865, and mustered out with the Regiment . James L. Winans was commissioned Second Lieutenant May i, 1865, and was mustered out with the Regiment at the close of the war. Lieutenant Winans was a brave and faithful soldier. Sergeant Luke L. Sawyer was a good and faithful soldier. He enjoyed the respect and esteem of the officers and men of his Company in the highest degree. The hardships of the war were more than he had the power to bear, and he was discharged for disability, contracted in his line of duty, January 18, 1863. Firestone, Emanuel Died at Madison, Ind., April 6/65. -ft Reed, William C. - - Wounded, Mission Ridge; transferred to V. R. C. Sergeant Luke L. Sawyer. Company D, looth Indiana. Sergeant Corneleus Cult-man. Company D, looth Indiana. Promoted for bravery. Terwilliger, Calvin S. Served during the war. Jones, William B. Wounded December, - 63, near Lookout Mountain. Blaine, Henry C. Mustered out June 8, 65. Grubb, John F. Mustered out June 8, 65, as Sergeant. Compton, Samuel R. Served during the war. Spiker, Jefferson Discharged May 13, 63. Mishler, Henry Discharged Dec. 30, 64. Arney, George Mustered out June 8, 65. Swartz, Jonas Drowned in Mississippi river at Memphis, June 9, 63. Alvine, Jacob Transferred to Co. U K, October 3, 63. r Bowers, Isaac Discharged Dec. 12, 63. Brubaker, Amos Killed, Missionary Ridge, Nov. 25, 63. Bickle, Thomas Transferred to Co. "K," October 3, 63. Bender, Urias Drowned at Beaufort, S.C., Jan. 26, 65. Brondage, Jacob Died Feb. 2, 63; he was a model soldier and enjoyed the respect of all his comrades in arms. Black, John Died March 9, 63. Coleman, Cornelius Was a messenger on Brigade Division and Corps Staff and per formed many feats of daring during the progress of the severest battles of the war. He-was at the Headquarters of Generals Corse, Logan and Sherman much of his time and also General Hugh Ewing. He was shot through the body in an engagement with the Confederates at Tur key Town Valley, Alabama October 25, 1863, 333 but recovered. He was promoted to Sergeant for bravery. Crull, Jacob Wounded at Mission Ridge Nov. 25, 1863. Mustered out June 8, 1865. This man was a brave and fearless soldier. Carr, Lafayette Discharged January, 1863. Compton, William A. Wounded at Mis sionary Ridge while in the act of throwing a six pound shell back of our lines; the shell having stopped and the fuse still burning within 12 inches of his head. Carr, Lewis J. Was one of the best men in Company "D", was always ready to do his duty and had the respect and confidence of his officers. He served three years faithfully and was promoted for meritorious conduct in front of the enemy. Clay, Thomas Wounded in the thigh at Dallas. " Mustered out June 8, 1865. Chivington, Phillip Served through the war; was a true man and soldier; was mustered out at Washington, D. C., June 8, 1865. Every, WilliamKilled in battle of Jackson, Miss., June 15, 63. He was the first man of the Regiment killed in battle. Eyer, Isaac Mustered out June 8, 1865. Served three years. Eversole Simon P. Mustered out June 8, 65. Served three years. Finch, Elias S. Served during the war. Mustered out June 8, 65. Firestone, Isaac Served during the war. Mustered out June 8, 65; was a good soldier. Gore, Charles II Served during the war. Gift, William Served during the war. Hall, Lucius Died Dec. 7, 62. 334 Corporal Lewis J. Carr. Company D. looth Indiana. (Promoted for meritorious conduct. Charles R. Kingsley. Company D, looth Indiana, Hairing, James Discharged Jan. 16, 63. Johnston, Samuel - - Drowned, Beaufort, South Carolina, Jan. 26, 65. Johnson, Frederick W. Mustered out June 8, 65. Keyport, John L. Discharged April 3, 63. Charles R. Kingsley Served faithfully for three years. He was well known and respected by every .nan in the Regiment, and had the respect and confidence of his superior officers. He served his country well and was honorably discharged June 8, 65. Keller, Richard Mustered out June 8, 65, as Corporal. Lusher, Eli Served during the war. Longsdorff, Henry - - Wounded mortally, Mission Ridge, Nov. 25, 63. Leedy, Jacob Killed, Missionary Ridge, Nov. 25, >6 3 : Myers, Anthony Mustered out June 8, 65. Mishler, John Died March 9, 63. Mills, Jacob Served during the war; mus tered out June 8, 65. Mott~ George W. Died April 16, 63, at Colliersville, Tenn. Mott, Silas Served during the war; mus tered out June 8, 65; was a true soldier and a good man. Miller, Alonzo Served during the war. Myers, Isaac Severely wounded at Resaca through right arm. McDowell, William Transferred to V. R. C. Mann, Christian Mustered out June 8, 65. Neigle, Jacob Wounded through wrist at Missionary Ridge. 339 Newman, Daniel E. Mustered out June 8, 6 5- Neikart, John W. Taken prisoner at At lanta, Ga. Died. Overholt, Isaae Mustered out June 8, 65. Oaks, John W. Killed, Missionary Ridge, Nov. 25, 63. Ott, Alaway Discharged Feb. 19, 63. Ott, Levi Mustered out June 8, 65. Fletcher, Jacob Died Nov. u, 63. Palmer, Noah E. Transferred Company "K," Oct. 3, 63. Thomas Price was a model man in the army. He was always brave and fearless, and was^ at all times and under all circumstances dignified and honorable. His moral character in the army would have been an ornament to Any officer or man. lie faithfully performed his duty with punctuality and efficiency. Pippenger, David Mustered out June 8, 65. Peoples, George W .Discharged May 13, 63. Prickett, Nimrod Discharged; date un known. Rapp, William G. Wounded mortally, Missionary Ridge, Nov. 25, 63. Rodsbaugh, Samuel Transferred to Com pany "K" Oct. 3, 62. Rowell, Wesley W. Mustered out June 8, 65. Russell, Samuel N. Transferred to Com pany 41 K," October 3, 62. Rookstool, Joseph Died March 19, 63. Rookstool, Adam Died March 26, 63. 340 Thomas Price. Company D, William Stadler. Rookstool, John Mustered out June 9, Reinbold, Solomon - - Wounded through wrist at New Hope Church; served faithfully during the war; was a good man and soldier. Ruple, Jonas Mustered out June 8, 65, as Corporal. Shultz, Isaiah Served faithfully during the war; was a good soldier and an excellent man. Streely, Frederick Served faithfully three years; mustered out June 8, 65. He always performed his duties as a true soldier. Stebbens, Henry E. Transferred to V. R. C. Sheldon, Hiram II. Severely wounded at Bentonville. William Stadler Served faithfully and well for three years. His military history may be written thus: u He was brave, intrepid, faithful and reliable;" a moral man and a model soldier of whom his descendants may well be proud. Skinner, Azel Discharged May 9, 63. Swartz, Henry Died March 10, 63. Tallerday, Andrew J. Mustered out Tune 8, 65. Twiford, William Discharged Dec. 12/63. Trump, William H. Was as brave a sol dier as ever carried a gun. He was very severe ly wounded in the face and head on the skirmish line at the railroad at Missionary Ridge. After fighting until he was unable to stand alone from loss of blood he fell to the ground and crawled away from the line of battle to escape capture. True, Jeremiah P. Jaw broken by kick of a battery horse at Beaufort. Voorhees, Isaac Discharged Jan. 63. 345 Vallance, William Mustered out Aug. 12, 63. Vannote, George W. Transferred to V. R. C. Jan. 23, 64. Wilson, Marion Died Sept. 14, 63, at Black River. Williams, Enoch S. Mustered out June 8, 65. Walters, Henry W. Transferred to V. R. C. Andrews, David Transferred 48th Regi ment May 30, 65. Geisinger, Samuel- - Transferred to 48th Regiment May 30, 65. Gephart, Jackson Transferred to 48th Reg iment May 30, 65. Spade, Joel Transferred to 48th Regiment May 30, 65. Roster of Company "E" looth Indiana Infantry. Captain William M. Barney recruited Com pany 4t E"; was commissioned Captain Septem ber istand mustered September 10, 1862. He served with distinction through the sieges of Vicksburg and Jackson, Mississippi, and resigned August 8, 1863. Captain Merwin F. Collier entered the ser vice as First Lieutenant, September i, 1862; he was promoted to the captaincy and on June 9, 1864, he was honorably discharged. He enjoyed the respect of the officers and men of the Regi ment. Captain Henry H. Nelson was promoted to Second Lieutenant June 15, 1863. August 9 he was promoted to First Lieutenant and on June 30, 1864, to tne captaincy of his Company. He possessed the confidence of the men of his Com pany and the respect of the officers of the Regi ment. He discharged the duties of his office with fidelity and was esteemed as a gentleman and a soldier. He was wounded in the hip dur ing the assault on Mission Ridge, November 25, 1863. ^ Lieutenant John C. Vaught was promoted from the ranks to Second Lieutenant, August 9, 1863, for efficiency and meritorious conduct in 347 the line of his duty. On June 30, 1864, he was promoted to be First Lieutenant. He enjoyed the respect and confidence of the officers and sol diers of the Regiment. He served until the end of the war and was honorably mustered out in June, 1865. Ichabod Jones was mustered Second Lieu tenant of Company "E" September 10, 1862, and was afterward promoted to be Major of the ist Tennessee Artillery. Lieutenant Charles C. Pierce was promoted to Second Lieutenant. November 22, 1864. He served during the war. Groff, Charles F. Discharged Sept. 3, 63. Crane, Samuel C. Discharged May 16/63. Butts, AnsonW. Transferred to V. R. C.; mustered out July 27, 65. Shattuck, Ira II. Served during the war; mustered out June 8, 65. Wylde, Charles Died, Memphis, Decem- 7, 62. * Bennett, Andrew J. Mustered out as pri vate June 8, 65. Cumming, Alfred J. Died at Indianapolis Sept. 15, 62. Locker, Edmund A. Captured at the bat tle of Missionary Ridge, November, 25, 63; served during the war and was mustered out June 8, 65, John W. Miller served faithfully and ef ficiently for three years, and deserved and en joyed the respect and confidence of the officers of the Regiment. He performed many acts dur ing his term of service which entitled him to dis tinction, lie was promoted for meritorious con- 348 Captain Henry H. Nelson. duct and was honorably mustered out as Ser geant June 8, 65. Sweet, Jerome Discharged June 27, 63. Young, Abraham Died at Memphis Dec. n, 62. Miller, John Served during the war; mus tered out June 8, 6^. Gorpe, Emerson Served during the war. Shaw, Joseph Served during the war. Bailey, William II. Died at St. Louis, Dec. 24, 62. Bearrup, John W. Discharged Sept. 18 63- Cuppitt, John Wounded severely; dis charged Feb. 25, 6^. . Cox, Thomas J. Promoted to Corporal. Served in the field during the war; mustered out June 8, 65, as Corporal; was a model soldier; was promoted for bravery on the field of battle and for soldierly conduct. Calkins, William W. Killed, Missionary Ridge, Nov. 25, 63. Corbin, Nathan II. Served during the war. Chilson, Nathan Served during the war. Drake, James L. Died froirTa shock re ceived, Mission Ridge, Nov. 25, 63. Drake, Christopher C. Served during the war. Drake, Daniel T. Wounded severely at the battle of Lovejoy, Ga., Sept. 3, 64; honora bly discharged Feb. 25, 6;;. Davis, Moses II. Discharged for disability June 23, 63. Dallas, George T. Promoted to Corporal; mustered out June 8, 65. Evans, Frank C. Served during the war; mustered out June 8, 65. Easterday, Sylvester Served during the war; mustered out June 8, 65. Engle, John Died in Camp Sherman, Mis sissippi, Aug. 23, 63. Elder, Abner Died at Madison, Ind., Get. 6, 62. Eley, John II. Wounded at Dallas, Ga., May 28, 64; served faithfully during the war; was honorably mustered out June 8, 6^, at Washington, D. C. lie was taken prisoner in the assault on Missionary Ridge; he was brave, intrepid and fearless in battle. Folk, Charles Died at Nashville, Jan. 20, 6 4 . Grubb, Allen Discharged Nov. 23, ^63. Gretzinger, Frederick Served during the war. Grimm, John J. Mustered out June 8/65. Graham, Peter F. Discharged April 16, 63- Gunnett, Michael Served during the war. Gunnett, Samuel Wounded at Dallas, Ga., May 28, 64. Hoffman, Peter Served during the war. Hooper, James Served during the war. Hoover, Elias W. Discharged Feb. 16, 63- Hoffman, John Died at Hickory Valley, Tenn., Feb. 5, 63. Hall, Jesse Killed in battle of Dallas, Ga., May 28, 64. Harris, Daniel Captured, Mission Ridge. Ilimes, George W. --Killed Missionary Ridge, Nov. 25, 63. 352 Se.-geant John VV. Miller, Company E. Harris, William Died at Bellefonte, Ala bama, Jan. 31, 64. Ilaines, Hartley E. Died at.Memphis, Nov. 16, 63. Harris, Joseph Wounded, Griswoldville, Ga., Nov. 22, ^64. Ilarting, Ephraim Discharged March 11, 63- Knapp, Lucius II. --Killed, Missionary Ridge, Nov. 25, 63. Kirkpatrick, Henry W. Discharged March n, 63. King, Joseph Killed at battle of Dallas, Ga., May 28, 64. King, Miehael D. Killed, Dallas, Ga., May 28, 64. Kinsey, Cornelius Served during the war. Linsey, Hiram Died at Scotsboro, Ala bama, Jan. 13, 64. Myers, Henry Served during the war. Mustered out June 8, 65. Monroe, Charles A Died Nov. 12; buried Cumberland Mountain. Monroe, Robert L Transferred to V. R. C. McFarland, James Served during the war. Noble, Franklin Served during the war. Orr, Charles Discharged March 5, 64. Ogle, Charles II. Discharged September 15, 64. Orr, Samuel W. Died at Keokuk, Iowa, January 10, 63. Parker, Daniel Died at Camp Sherman, Miss., August 22, 63. Prouty, William Served during the war. Penn, George Served faithfully three 355 years. Honorably mustered out June 8, ^65; he was a good man and a brave soldier. Rowell, Sdmuel Served three years. Mus tered out June 8, ^65. Rice, Harvey Served during the war, dis charged June 8, 65. Rimmel, Aaron J. Served in the field three years; was honorably mustered out at the close of the war as Corporal. Rodman, Uriah B. Transferred to V. R.C. Rodgers, Wilford }. Mustered out June 8, 65- Rawson, Oliver P. Wounded Mission Ridge, Nov. 25, 63. Richards, George Mustered out as Cor poral June 8, 65. Sowers, Phillip Served during the war. Sanborn, Edward O. Died at Chattanooga, Term., Dec. 22, 63. Simon, Charles Discharged Sept. 18, 63. Snider, Augustus Discharged March 2/64. Tryon, Christopher Served during the war. Mustered out June 8, 65. Thomas, Franklin Died at Memphis, Nov. 2 9 ,;62. West, Robert Wounded in leg at Mission Ridge. West, Joseph Wounded in heel at Mission Ridge. Mustered out June 8, 65. Weaver, William S. Wounded severely at Mission Ridge. Warner, John D. Died at Grand Junction, Tenn., January 30, 63. Whitcomb, Moses Served during the war. Mustered out June 8, 65. John W. Trowbridge. Company E, jooth Indiana Infantry. Waltburn, Robert Served during the war. Mustered out June 8, 65. Warren, George W Wounded mortally at Battle of Dallas May 28, 64. Waldren, Wesley Transferred to V. R. C. August 10, 64. Wyrick, Henry Honorably mustered out June 8, 65. Wainright, John \V. Mustered out at the end of the war. Young, Josiah Mustered out June, 65. Axtell, Daniel M. Died at Marietta, Ga., July 14, 64. Burrows, Jeremiah Transferred to 48th Indiana. Browand, Christopher Transferred to 48th Indiana Infantry. Gardener, George Transferred to V. R. C. April 22, 64. Trowbridge, John M. Served faithfully in the field until the end of the war when he was transferred to the 48th Indiana May 30, 65. Honorably mustered out under orders. He was a good man and brave soldier and was respected by all who knew him and had the confidence and esteem of his officers. 359 Roster of Company "F," looth Indiana Infantry. Captain Abram W. Myers entered the service September 2, 1862, from Columbia City. lie served until January 27, 1863, when he resigned on account of failing health. Captain Daniel T. Smith entered the service as First Lieutenant September 2, 1862. On January 28, 1863, he was promoted to Cap tain, lie lost an arm in the assault on Mission Ridge, and was honorably discharged July 28, 1864. Captain Leonard Akers entered the service as Second Lieutenant of Company u F n Septem ber 2, 1862. On the 28th of June, 1863, he was promoted to First Lieutenant, and on July 29, 1864, to Captain. He commanded part of the skirmish line in the assault on Mission Ridge and drove the enemy from the railroad. lie took part in every campaign and in every en gagement from that time until the end of the war. lie was an efficient, brave and daring officer. lie had the esteem of the officers of the regiment and was highly regarded by the men. During the war he led Company "F" into and out of man)* deadly and dangerous places. Israel Biers entered the service as Third Sergeant of Company U F 71 August 18, 1863. 360 Captain Leonard Akers. Company F. looth Indiana. On July 29, 1864, he was promoted to First Lieutenant and served in the field until the vnd of the war. Adam Swihart was promoted from First Sergeant to Second Lieutenant of Company "F M Jan. 28, 1863. He resigned June 10, 1864. Fletcher B. Harris was promoted to First Sergeant, and on November 22, 1864, he was commissioned Second Lieutenant and served until the end of the war. Snider, David Discharged January 26, 63, as Sergeant. Ileaton, Chauncey L. Mustered out as Sergeant. Stoler, Jacob Promoted to Sergeant; was a gallant soldier. Cole, Seymour Mustered out as Sergeant June 8, 65. Graves, Elijah Died at Memphis, Nov. 12, 63. Mossman, John Died at St. Louis, Mo., December, 63. Cole, Samuel Died at Scotsboro, Ala., January i, 64. Schrader, Isaac Mustered out as Sergeant; was a gallant soldier. Plummer, Joseph Wounded at battle of Mission Rid^e. o Bills, James Transferred to 44th Indiana, September 27, 02. Bennett, John Died at Camp Sherman, Miss., Aug. i, 63. Lamb, David J. Died at Memphis, Tenn., Nov. TO, 63. Hawkins, Reuben Discharged, May TT, 6 5- 363 Acker, Washington Died at Memphis, Tenn., Nov. i, 63. Arnold, Henry W .Discharged Nov. 28, 62. Bugbee, Nelson Died at Scotsboro, Jan uary 21, 64. Butler, Asa Transferred to V. R. C. ; mustered out Aug. 5, 65. Bell, Albert Discharged Dee. 28, 62. Brown, Henry Mustered out June 8, 65. Burkholder, Hiram Mustered out June 8, 65. Crawford, Davis Mustered out June 8, 65. Clark, William A. Mustered out June 8, 65- Croy, Abraham A. Discharged Nov. 10, 62. Cleland, James Mustered out June 8, 65. Deems, Samuel Discharged Dec. 28, 62. Doag, Jacob Transferred to V. R. C. March 27, 65. Decker, Daniel Mustered out June 8, 65. Finch, Joseph Mustered out July 3, 65. Falk, John W. Discharged May 8, 63. Falk, Isaac W. Mustered out June 8, 65, as Corporal. Fullerton, James Mustered out June 8, 65. Finch, David Mustered out June 8, T 65. Forsythe, Andrew J. Wounded at Mission Ridge. "Goble, Isaac II. Mustered out June 8, 65. German, Daniel Mustered out June 8, 65. Harrington, Dennis Mustered out June 8, 65. Hettinger, John Enlisted Sept. i, 63. He served faithfully until Aug. 31, 64, when he 264 was killed in the battle of Jonesboro, Georgia, while acting as an Orderly on Harrow s Staff. Helms, J. B. Discharged. Date unknown. Hills, George Mustered out as Corporal June 8, 65. Johnson, William R. Shot near Jonesboro. Mustered out June 8, 65. Jacquay, Lawrence P. Discharged Dec., 62. Kenaga, Mathias Mustered out June 8/65. Kearns, Adam N. Discharged Nov. 62. Kearns, William S. Killed Missionary Ridge Nov. 2^. 63. Lindle, William W. --Died at Memphis Tenn., 63. , Litehiser, George Transferred to 48th Indi ana May 30, 65. Miller, George Mustered out June 8, 65. McCoy, Josiah Mustered out June 8, -65, as Corporal. Minier, Aaron Discharged January 25, ?6 3- Mellet, Calvin Died Memphis, Tenn., Nov. 4, 62. Malone, Andrew Wounded severely. Dis charged March 7, 65. McNabb, John Died at Holly Springs, Miss. Jan. 15, 63. Mack, Henry Mustered out June 8, 65. Nobles, Charles Mustered out June 8, 65 North, Edward Died at Columbus, Ohio. Owens, John Died, Indianapolis, Nov. 62. Pumphrey, Reason W. Died, Pigeon Roost, Nov. 28, 62. Price, Jonathan Mustered out June 8, 65, Plough, John II. Mustered out June 8, Pittman, Boyer Killed, Missionary Ridge, Nov. 25, 63. Quinn, Othaina Discharged Dec. 28, 62. Samuels, James Killed, Missionary Ridge, Nov. 25, 63. Scott, McArthur Mustered out June 8, 65. Sterling, WilliamDischarged Oct. 28/64. Swindle, Charles Died at Grand Junction, Tenn., April 8, 63, from injuries received while in the discharge of his duty. Shaffner, Franklin Mustered out June 8, 65 . Simpkins, George Discharged Dec. 28, 62. Tuttle, Henry C. Discharged September 6, 63. Thrasher, Thomas Mustered out June 8, Whiteleather, David Color Bearer; must ered out as Corporal, 65. Winegardner,, Joseph Mustered out June 8, 65, as Corporal. Walker, William T. A gallant soldier; mustered out as Corporal. Weil, John Killed, Missionary Ridge, Nov. 25, Y>3. Young, Hiram Mustered out January 8, 65. Butler, Asa Transferred to 48th Indiana. Groves, Isaac Died at Chattanooga, Nov. Ginger, Philander II. Transferred to 48th Indiana. 366 Ilinmnn, James Transferred to 48th In diana. Kenaga, Benjamin F. Transferred to 481)1 Indiana. Newcomb, Henry J. Transferred to 48th Indiana. Richards, Daniel Transferred to 48th In diana. Simpkins, George Died in the field Nov. 16, 63. Taylor, Samuel Died at Camp Sherman, Miss., Aug. 63. Roster of Company G," iooth Indiana Infantry. Captain Godlove O. Behm entered the army from Lafayette September 9, 62. lie was pro moted to Lieutenant Colonel of the n6th Indi ana Aug. 28, 63. Captain John M. Carr entered the army Aug. 3, 62. On Nov. 8, 62, he was promoted to First Lieutenant and on Aug. 30, 63, to Cap tain, and mustered out May i ^, 65. William Burnside entered the service as First Lieutenant. He resigned Nov. i. 62. Elijah Young was made Second Lieutenant Sept. 24, 62. Aug. 30, 63, he was promoted to be First Lieutenant, and was discharged Sept 20, Y H . Harvey J. Sawyer was promoted to First Lieutenant Oct. i, Y H , and served until the end of the war. Asa J. Fisher was promoted to Second Lieu tenant and served until the end of the war. 3G7 William G. Kiger was one of the solid men of Company "G. 11 lie was promoted for meri torious conduct in front of the enemy. lie served three years, and was honorably mustered out \vith the Regiment. Hunt, Cornelius Died at Calhoun, Term., January 30, 64. Holloway, Thomas N. Wounded at Gris- woldville, Georgia. Freeman, William Promoted to Sergeant; mustered out June 8, 1 6y Ridgway, James T. Mustered out June 8, 6^, having served faithfully during the war; was a brave soldier. Timmons, David Mustered out May 24, 65- Bohen, Con. Mustered out June 8, 6^. Williamson, Noah Mustered out June 8, ^5. Williams, Lewis -- Mustered out June 8, 65- Stedman, Harrison Wounded at Mission Ridge; mustered out June 8, 65. Fenton, Daniel M. Served during the war; mustered out June 8, 65. He was a brave soldier and enjoyed the respect of his superior officers and all who knew him. Cook, Ulysses Discharged; date unknown. Alexander, John -Badly wounded Nov. 25, 63- Ashba, Abram Discharged May 8, 65. Ayers, John R. Transferred to V. R. C., July i, 64. Barry, Lawrence Discharged, date not known. Belew, Isaac N. Severely wounded Nov, 3C8 Sergeant William G. Kiger. Company G. 25, 63; mustered out June 8, 65. He was a good man and a brave soldier. Brada, William Discharged May u, 16 5- Burns, Michael Wounded severely; sabre cut, November, 64. Campbell, George N. Died June 19, 64. Carey, John Served during the war; mus tered out June 8, 65. Doty, George Killed at Missionary Ridire. J O Drummond, William Promoted to Corpo ral; mustered out June 8, 65. Erickson, John Discharged October 62. Fairchild, Henry Wounded severely at Griswoldville, Ga. Fairchild, John L. Mustered out June 8, 6 5- Fardin, Joseph Wounded by shell in battle of Jackson, Miss., and gunshot wound through the left arm at Mission Ridge. Rendered three years of faithful service and was honorably dis charged June 8, 65. Gattis, Andrew Discharged. Garrard, Alfred Died at Collierville April 23, 63. Garrard, Samuel Wounded on Atlanta campaign; mustered out as Corporal. Gaskill, Amos Died at LaGrange, Tenn., January 25, 63. Gillett, Joab Mustered out June 8, 65; served durin the war. 371 Golat, Frederick A. Mustered out June 8, 65- Henry, John Died at Collierville, April 23, 65. Right, Abram Killed Mission Ridge. Jessup, Levi Wounded. Mustered out as Corporal. Jones, James W Mustered out June 14, 65- " Kilroy, Anthony Mustered out June 8/6:;. Kirk, Timothy Killed, Dallas, Georgia, May 30, 64. Lewis, Samuel Mustered out June 8, 65. Little, William D. Killed Missionary Ridge. Ludy, William Died at Memphis, October 4- 63. Meadows, Robert D Wounded in battle. Mustered out 65. Metsker, Abraham Discharged May i, 63- Minieaf, Nelson Mustered out June 8, 65- Miniear, Allen Died at Camp Sherman August 4. 63. Mitcham, Henry Transferred to V. R. C. July i, 1 6 4 . Nelson, James II Killed at Atlanta, Aug. 23, 6 4 . Pike, Thomas Mustered out June 8, 65. Powell, Thomas W Died at Indianapolis, May 6, 65. Powell, Uriah D Mustered out June 8/65. 372 Sanson, John Mustered out func 8, 65. Sewall, Thomas G Wounded. Discharged December 20, 64. Sewall, Amos R Discharged June 17, 64. Shipp, Albert Discharged. Small, Caleb Mustered out June 8, 65. Smith, James W Promoted to Corporal. Smith, Nathan Mustered out June 8, 65. Snider, Nathan Shot Nov. 25, 65; died from wound at Nashville. St. John, William Died between Chatta nooga and Bridgeport. Stebbins, Henry Killed South Carolina near Peays 1 Ferry Feb. 22, 65. Stanfield, John Died in hospital Memphis, October n, 63. Street, Hiram C. Mustered out June 8, 65. Swadley, Nicholas A. Served faithfully in the war until the end, was a good man and a brave and intrepid soldier. Swanson, Andrew Mustered out Tune 8, * /" - 6 5- Tabor, Stephens C. Died at Hilton Head, Feb. 10, 65. Timmons, William Mustered out Tune 8, 65- Tolson, John Discharged . Tounslev, Robert Wounded. Mission Ridge. Watkins, James W. Discharged. Wakeman, Charles Died at Scottsboro, Alabama, January 12, 64. 373 Watkins, Benjamin Transferred to V. R. C.July i, 64. Williams, John Wounded Missionary Ridge; discharged . Wood, Edward B. Died at Mound City, Illinois, August 20, 63. Doudiean John Transferred to 48th In- iana. Kent, Redmond Transferred to 48th In diana May 30, 65. Myers, Jacob K. Transferred to 48th In diana. Norris, Benjamin Transferred to 48th In diana. Roster of Company "H" looth Indiana Infantry. Captain John W. Ileadington organized Company U H". lie was promoted to Major and Lieutenant Colonel. (See Field and Staff. ) Captain Isaac N. Frazee was promoted to First Lieutenant January 9, 65, and to Captain May i, ^65. Captain Frazee did active service in the field during his entire term of service; he was severely injured by being run over by an artillery wagon in the engagement near Turkey- town, Alabama. Lieutenant Gideon Rathbun served with dis tinction on the Campaigns in Northern Missis sippi, and through the sieges of Vicksburg and Jackson, Miss. ; he was severely wounded by a grape shot in the assault on Missionary Ridge; being unable for active field duty after lie was 374 Lieutenant Gideon Rathbun. Company H, icoth Indiana. wounded, he acted as A. R. Q. M. for some time; he had the good opinion of all of the offi- eers and the respect and confidence of the men of his Command; he was brave and intrepid on the field of battle. Eli Vore was promoted to Second Lieuten ant Jan. 24, 65, and to First Lieutenant May i, 65, and mustered out with the Regiment. Stephen B. H. Shanks entered the service as Second Lieutenant of Company "H" Sept. n, 62, and was honorably discharged Jan. 23, 65, for disability; he was in active service in the field during that time. Edwin Rowlett was promoted to First Ser geant and to Second Lieutenant, for meritorious services in the field, May i, 6^. Ware, William F. Died at Collierville, April 4, 63. Moore, David J. Wounded, Missionary Ridge. Koons, Thomas Died at Grand Junction, Tenn., Feb. i, 63. Havaland, Jacob Wounded, Mission Ridge; promoted to Sergeant; served during the war. Barnes, Solomon M. Promoted to Sergeant; mustered out June 8, 65. Coldron, Sanford B. Promoted to Sergeant; mustered out June 8, 65. Patterson, Liberty Mustered out June 8, 65. Thomas, Andrew J. Discharged May 7, 65. Bosworth, Jacob Discharged March*22, 63. Fifer, William Served during the war. Hammons, Henry Mustered out June 8, 6$ Mills, Aquilla K. -Promoted to Corporal, 377 Wiley, William Mustered out June 8, 65. Antics, Joseph Mustered out June 8, 65. Allman, Samuel Wounded at Missionary Ridge; mustered out June 8, 65. Bowden, John F. Promoted to Lieutenant in 1 2th Indiana Cavalry. Burd, Evan Died at home August 24, 63. Baker, James Mustered out June 8, 65. Borden, George D. Mustered out June 8, 65- Bronner, William Promoted to Corporal; mustered out June 8, 65. Bickel, Daniel Died at Memphis, Oct. 23, ? 6 3 - Bubmire, Nathan Mustered out, June 8, 65- George II. Bonnell served faithfully until the end of the war and was mustered out June 8, 65. He had the respect and confidence of the men and his superior officers. Bair, James M. Mustered out June 8, 65. Blake, Samuel A. Died at Memphis, Jan. 8, 63. Cain, Jonathan Discharged May 26, 63. Castar, Charles W. Died at Bellefonte, Ala. Feb. 19, ? 6 4 . John M. Collett was one of the men who never shirked the performance of a duty, whether in camp, on the march or in battle. He was faithful, efficient and reliable. Carl, Joseph L. Mustered out May 13, 65. Cartwright, James Died at Memphis Nov. 29, 65. Dehoff, Joseph Died at St. Louis, Dec. 20, 62. 378 George H. Bonnell. (From a war times picture.) Ducket, Amos Mustered out June 8, 65. Fritzenger, George Mustered out June 8. 65- Fitzgerald, Richard Transferred to V. R. C. Dec. 28, 63. Flauding, John Killed in battle of Mission ary Ridge, Nov. 25, 63. Flood, Joshua W. Served faithfully in the field during the war; was a brave soldier always ready to do his duty. He was severely wounded at Griswoldville, Ga., Nov. 22, 64. He enjoy ed the respect and confidence of his superior officers. Mustered out June 8, 65. F razee, Abner Mustered out June 8, 65. Gibson, Obed Died at La Grange, Tenn., Jan. 15, 63. Ginger, Daniel D. Mustered out June 8, 65. Giger, Abram Severely wounded by gun shot through the wrist joint while bearing the Regimental flag at Missionary Ridge, No vember 25, 63. Hughs, Stephen W. Mustered out June 8, 65. Hilton, Levi P. Died at Vicksburg, Sept. 2C N 63, Iloltstapple, Henry C, Died at Bellefonte, Ala., Feb. 28, 64. Hawkins, Joseph C. In the battle of Mis sionary Ridge the colors of the regiment fell from the hand of Abram Giger, who was severely wounded. Hawkins took them up and bore them along with the Regiment, accompanied by Lieut. Col. John W. Headington, for which he was com plimented by the presentation of a tine suit by the officers of the Regiment. 381 Hardy, James Died at La Grange, Tenn., March 9, 63. Ilorner William W. Promoted to Corporal; mustered out June 8/65. Iliff, Thomas H. Died, St. Louis, Aug. 63. Kunee, Noah Died at Memphis, Novem ber 26, 62. Lafollett, Joseph W. Died at La Grange, Feb. 26, 63. Morris, John C. Died at Nashville, Dee. McCroskey, Jacob W. Mustered out as wagoner June 8, 65. Mills, David Transferred to V. K. L. Jan. Mason, James A. Severely wounded Mis sionary Ridge; mustered out June 8, 65. Mills, Cassius B. Discharged May 20, 63. Merchant, John Died at Collierville, May 7, 63. Mills, John M Died at La Grange, lenn., Feb. Q, 63 . Morgan, Lafayette - - Died at Scottsboro, Ala., Dec. 27, ? 6 3 .~ Nichols, Edward Mustered out June 8, 65. Porter, Elias A. Mustered out June 8, 65. Poling, Joshua Mustered out June 8, 65. Plummer, Charles Transferred to V.R.C. Parkinson, Isaiah Mustered out June 8/65. Rowlett, Ezekiel Discharged Aug. 25, 63. Rathburn, John J. - - Mustered out June 8, 65. Ruhl, Noah Promoted to Corporal; mus tered out I une 8, 65. l^ Alexander W. Mustered out June 8, 65. 382 John H. Collett. Joshua W. Flood, Esq. Company II. looth Indiana Infantry. Rarrick, Charles W. Mustered out Tune 8, 65. Rines, Eli Promoted to Corporal; mustered out June 8, 65. Schultz, Adam Mustered out June 8, 65. Staley, Henry C. Promoted to Corporal; mustered out June 8, 65. Sutton, Jacob Discharged March 11/63. Spahr, Henry Died on Big Black River Aug.^iS, 63. Stratton, Solon C. Died, Tallahatchie Riv er Dec. 2, 62. Towle, Taylor Mustered out June 8, 65. Tucker, AlvaJ. Mustered out June 8, 65. Tucker, Granville C. Mustered out Tune 8, 65. Wilkison, Samuel Wounded in battle at Jonesboro, Ga., Sept. 3, 64. Whitenack, Joseph B. Mustered out Tune 8, 65. Walker, James G. Killed, Missionarv Ridge, Nov. 25, 63. Wilson, Cyrus L. Died at Snyder s Bluff, Miss., June 30, 63. Westfall, John Mustered out June 8, 65. Armantrout, Jonathan Mustered out Au<V 22, 65. Bonnell, Lewis B. Mustered out Auo-. r r 63. Carl, Mulford Transferred to 48th Ind.; wounded in skirmish, Atlanta, Ga. 64. Collins, Jesse Transferred to 4 8th Ind., May 30, 65. Cherry, William Died at Chattanooga, Sept. 21, 64. Flauding, Henry Transferred to 48th Jnd, 387 Graves, Henderson Wounded in battle at Dallas, Georgia. Hood, James Died at Rome, Ga., July 15, 64. Haffner, George B. Transferred to 48th Ind. Hester, William H. Transferred to 48th Ind. Infantry. Horner, Joseph Transferred to 48th Ind. Jones, James Wounded in battle at Atlan ta, Ga. Towel, Robin M. Transferred to 48th Ind. Thompson, Jesse Transferred to 48th Ind. Infantry. Wolfe, David Transferred to 48th Ind., May 30, 65. West, Jacob Wounded in battle of Mis sion Ridge, Nov. 25, 63; transferred to 48th Ind. for further services. 388 Charles W. Rarrick. Charles W. Rarrick was a model soldier. He was strong, brave and fear less, always ready to do more than his duty. He repeatedly declined a promo tion in his company. He was on special duty during the campaign in the Caro- linas, and had many brushes with the enemy. He loved the excitement of Ithe skirmish line, where he was nearly always to be found. His country can never pay the debt it owes him. He was widely known and highly respected. Roster of Company "I," looth Indiana Infantry. James N. Sims entered the service as Cap tain of Company U I" September 12, 62. He served with distinction through the campaigns of 1862-3 H1 Mississippi and through the sieges of Vicksburg and Jackson. He resigned on account of bad health Aug. 20, 63. Captain James M. Harland entered the service as First Lieutenant of Company T Sep tember 12, 62; was made Captain, August 12, 63. He was killed at the head of Com pany "I," on the front line, in the assult on Mis sionary Ridge, lie had seen active service in the Mexican war in 1848-9. He was beloved by the men and honored and respected by the officers. Thomas C. Dalbey entered the army as Sec ond Lieutenant of Company C T September 12, 62. He was promoted to Captain, November 26, 63. He served in the field during the entire term of his enlistment; was through the campaigns in Northern Mississippi in 1862-3, the sieges of Vicksburg and Jackson. He took com mand of his company in the front line of battle during the hottest of the right in the assault on Missionary Ridge. He participated in every action in which the Regiment was engaged. Jn 391 March, ^65, he was promoted to Lieutenant- Colonel of the i5oth Indiana Infantry. Captain Dalbey enjoyed the esteem and confidence of all who knew him. Noah T. Catterlin was promoted to First Lieutenant of Company "I/ 11 November 26, 63, and to Captain April i, 65. James M. Gentry was promoted to First Lieutenant April i, 65. He served through the war and was mustered out with the Rein. c^ merit. lie was highly esteemed by the officers and men of the Regiment and enjoyed their res pect. Lieut. Isaae D. Iloekman took part in the Sieges of Vicksburg and Jackson. The Knox- ville and Atlanta Campaigns, including the siege of Atlanta and the battle of Jonesboro. He was wounded with canister in the shoul der in front of a Rebel battery at Jonesboro Au gust 31/64. He was well known by every of ficer and man in the Regiment and enjoyed their esteem. He was promoted to Lieutenant No vember 22, 64. Robinson, Andrew M. Sergeant; enlisted August 29, 62; was made orderly sergeant of his Company; was unable physically to near the hardships of the field and was discharged for dis ability Dec. 28, 62. He re-enlisted in the Com pany February 26, ^64, and served until the end of the war. He was a brave and patriotic man. Iloekman, William W. Discharged Sep tember 6, ^64. Thompson, Craven Served during the war. Spray, Henry N. Served during the war. Young, John W. Served during the war; mustered out June 29, ^65. 392 Thomas C. Dalbey. Captain Company I. ,ooth Indiana and Lieutenant-Colonel , 5 orl, Indiana. (From a war times photograph). Aldridge, Willian T. Discharged Moveni 1 her 13, 62. Walters, Harrison Wounded in arm in action at Kenesaw Mountain June, 64; served during the war. Parvis, John W. Wounded in hand by gun shot at Jonesboro, Ga. Gillespie, John Discharged. Keys, Thomas P. Served during the war. Pierce, John II. Served during the war; mustered out June 8, 65. Cook, John M. Wounded in the head and shoulders at Griswoldville, Ga., November 22, 64; served during the war. Gaddis, George P. Served during the war. , Baum, Henry M. Discharged. Allen, Moses R. Served during the war. Aughe, Darlington Wounded in side and on head by bursting shell at Missionary Ridge, Nov. 25, 63, from effects of which he died at Marietta, Ga., Sept. 13, 64. Butler, Henry Served during the war. Baumgarten, Jacob Killed, Griswoldville, Ga. Cresan, William Discharged May 27, 63. Carmaney, Joseph Served during the war. Coonrad, Josephus Died at Nashville, March 12, 64, from the effects of a wound re ceived at the battle of Missionary Ridge. Christman, Levi Died, Grand Junction, Tenn., Feb. 10, 63. Cook, Henry Missing at Missionary Ridge; probably killed. Douglass, John Discharged. Davids, Allen J. Died at Indianapolis, Nov. 27, 62. 395 Doctor, Charles II. Honorably discharged June 8, 65. Davis, Isaac M. Discharged. Enright, John Was wounded in battle and discharged June 8, 6$. Fud^e. George Mustered out Tune 8. 6c. O C5 *7 +J Fragar, Milo Died at Grand Junction, Tenn., Feb. 10, ^62. Fisher, Samuel P. Transferred to V. R. C., Jan. 10, 65. Goble, Samuel Served during the war; mustered out June 8, 65. Gray, John Served during the war; dis charged June 8, 65. Ghere, Samuel Discharged April 25, 63. Goldsberry, Thomas B. Discharged. Hancock, Cyrus E. Served during the war; mustered out June 8, 65. Hoover, Thomas J. Served during the war; mustered out May n, 65. Hendrickson, Isaac Promoted to Sergeant; wounded in arm at Missionary Ridge. Ilindman, Samuel Honorably discharged; served during the war. Hillis, James Mustered out June 8, 65. Jones, Benajah Mustered out June 8, 65. Jones, Elias H. Killed in the battle of Gris- woldville. Johnson, John W. Mustered out June 8, 65. Johnson, James C. Mustered out June 8, 65. Kelley, William Wounded in thigh and shoulder, Griswoldville, Ga. Kelley, David S. Discharged March 6, 63. Kelley, John R. Promoted to Corporal; mustered out June 8, 65. Kane, Jonn Mustered out June 8, 65. 396 Lieutenant Isaac D. Hockman. Company I, looth Indiana. Keneday, Milton H. Promoted to Sergeant. Leach, Thomas Mustered out June 8, 65. Lyons, Samuel Mustered out as Corporal June 8, 65. Lee, Robert Died Dec. 2, 62. Louck, Simon L. Mustered out June 8, Lucas, George W. Wounded near Dallas, Ga. Lewis, Andrew Died at Nashville, March n, 64. Martin, Simpson H. Died at Indianapolis, Nov. 26, 62. Messier, James W. Mustered out June 8, Messier, Cornelius J. Transferred to 3rd Cavalry at Indianapolis. Messier, John R Died at Memphis, lulv 24, 63. Mann, John Killed near Columbia, South Carolina, Feb. 15, 65. Marley, John M. Discharged. Murphy, John Mustered out June 8, 65. McCarty, Thomas F. Mustered out as Corporal, June 8, 65. Ostler, Robert Wounded in head at Gris- woldville. Price, Wallace F. Mustered out as Cor poral June 8, 65. Price, William M. Mustered out as Cor poral June 8, 65. Sheets, Jacob S.-- -Discharged Dec. 27, 62. ^Senft, Adam L. Wounded in head in front of Kenesaw Mountain. Steele, Robert M. Mortally wounded in head by canister shot at Jonesboro, Ga, Strouse, William P. Died at Colliervillc, April 13, 63. Scott, Samuel Wounded near Nashville, Tenn., and discharged. Thompson, William Transferred to V. R. C. Turney, James W. Mustered out June 8, 65. Thatcher, John Mustered out June 8, 65. Trout, Daniel Wounded in head severely at Griswoldville. Waterbury, John J. Wounded in cheek at Mission Ridge. Wolfe, Joseph Mustered out June 8, 65. York, Jessie Mustered out June 8, 65. Roster of Company "K" looth Indiana Infantry. Captain Charles W. Brousc, recruited Com pany "K. 1 He was the youngest Captain in the Regiment. lie served in the Seiges of Vicks- burg and Jackson. He was on detached duty when the assault on Missionary Ridge was be- o- U n but he hastened his Company to the battle field and was soon in the very whirlpool of the carnage which took place in that engagement, at one time a confederate line had passed around our left over the tunnel, Captain Brouse re quested permission of Col. Loomis to engage them, which being granted, he attacked the enemy furiously and was shot through an arm and a lung. For twenty-four hours he received no attention, having been laid among those whom the surgeons regarded as beyond hope, Men 4CO Captain Charles W. Brouse. Company K, looth Indiana. Captain James Bellinger. died on each side of him, but he revived and lived though terribly wounded. He was spec ially mentioned for bravery in the Official Re ports of the Brigade Commander. Captain James Bolinger was promoted to Second Lieutenant May i, 64, to First Lieu tenant September 25, 64, and to be Captain of his Companv January 17, 6y He was severely wounded at the battle"^ of Griswoldville November 22, 64. He served until the end of the war. Captain Bollinger was an unosten tatious officer, but he was resolute, firm and brave. Jeremiah M. Wise was commissioned First Lieutenant September 24, 62, and resigned Feb ruary 29, 64. Henry G. Collis entered^the service as Sec ond Lieutenant of Company U K" September 24, ^62. He was promoted to First Lieutenant of his Company; was detailed as an Aide on the staff of Col. Loomis, commanding the Brigade and served in that capacity with much^credit. He was specially referred to and mentioned in the official reports of the Brigade Commander for bravery and entrepidity. Lieutenant Cornelius List was several times promoted for bravery and efficient service ;Jand on the lyth day of January, 1865, he was pro moted to be First Lieutenant of his Company. He was a faithful soldier, was brave and gener ous to a fault. He was loved by all who knew him and was esteemed and respected by the officials of his Regiment. Lieutenant B. Burch was promoted often. On the 22nd day of November, 1864, he was 405 promoted to Second Lieutenant. He served in the held until the war ended. Henry, William Sergeant; transferred to V. R. C. June 18, 63. Burch, Leonard B. Promoted Sergeant for meritorious conduct. Cherry, William Sergeant; killed by can non shot at Congaree Creek near Columbia, South Carolina, Feb. 15, 65. Stirling, Robert D. Mustered out June 29. 65, as Sergeant. Parkhill, Samuel Mustered out June 8, 65, as Sergeant. Norwood, Dayton T. Wounded in battle; mustered out June 29, 65. Batts, Richard A. Killed in battle of Jones- boro, Georgia, Aug. 31, while bringing ammu nition to the line of battle during the Confederate Assault. Irons, James II. Mustered out Aug. 25, 65- Pollard, Zachariah Mustered out ]une 29, 65- Toon, John M. Discharged Feb. 5, 63. Beals, Malvin M. Mustard out, June, 65. Martin, Ragsdale S. Discharged Dec. 25, 62. Eaton, Morgan H. Discharged April 31, 63. Allwine, Jacob Mustered out June 14, 65. Armstrong, John P. Severely wounded, Missionary Ridge; discharged May 5, 65. Anderson, David L. Discharged Dec. 31, Y H . Beals, Malvin M. Mustered out June 29, 65- 406 Lieutenant Henry G. CoIHs. Company K. icoth Indiana Infantry; A. A, G. on Loomis staff. Lieutenant Cornelius List. Company K. zooth Indiana Infantry, Bennett, David O. Wounded, Mission Ridge; mustered out June 29, 65. Bogg, John Mustered out June 29, 65. Binder, John W. Wounded, Missionary Ridge; mustered out June 29, 65. Burdick, Louis B. Discharged May 16/65. Borntrager, George Wounded in battle of Griswoldville; mustered out July 15, 65. Bickle, Thomas Mustered out June 14, 65. Colclazer, Joseph Died at Memphis, Dee. 5, 62. Crum, Miehael E. Wounded at Dallas, Georgia; mustered out June, 65. Cash, Alfred A. Discharged Dec. 31, 64. Casteel, Calvin Died at Keokuk, Iowa* June 20, 63. Cramer, Mathias Mustered out June 29, Duke, Columbus Killed, Missionary Ri Nov. 25, 63. Dearmin, James M. Transferred to V R C. May 31, 64. Everson, Jacob M. Discharged May 3, 65. Foster, Henderson Honorably discharged June 29, 65. Gratner, Henry Discharged May 3, 65. Gearing, Dennis Mustered out^ Tune ^o 6 5- ^Hoag, JohnDied at Holly Springs, Dec. 3 1 1 02 . Heady, James W. Mustered out at the end ot the war. Hays, Samuel J. Mustered out June 29, 65. Hastings, Thomas A. Mustered out June 2 9, 65. 411 Haswell, George {.--Mustered out May 3<>> 6 5- Haynes, Andrew Mustered out as Corporal June 29/65. Haynes, Frank Mustered out June 29, 65. Jackson, Wm. Mustered out June 29, 65. Jackson, Jacob Mustered out June 29, 65. Kennedy, Levi M. -- Mustered out June 29, 65- Kepler, John. Died at Memphis, October IS, 6,3- Logan, William A. Mustered out June 29, 6 5- McClelland, Edward M. Wounded at Mis sionary Ridge. Mullis, Ennis P. Taken prisoner in North Carolina, April, 65, and shot while trying to es cape. Morgan, George W. Mustered out June 29, 6 5 . Moore, Jesse W. Mustered out June 29, 65. Moore, James M. - - Mustered out June 29, 65. Nerhoocl, John K. Killed in battle of Mis sionary Ridge. Pollard, William II. Wounded in battle of Griswoldville, Ga., Nov. 22, 64. Pratt, Josiah. Discharged April 16, 63. Phillips, Benjamin. -- Died at home Dec. 24, 64. Pugh, David N. Wounded at Missionary Ridge Nov. 25, 63; wounded at Griswoldville Nov. 22, 64; served faithfully during the war, was a brave soldier and a great favorite with his brave little Captain, who was standing by him when he was shot, 412 B. F. Smith. Company K. icoth Indiana Infantry. Pugh, Moses N . Was one of those quiet sol diers who always managed to do all of his duty at all times and under all circumstances, whether on the march or in battle. The country owes a duty to Moses N. Pugh. tie was wounded at Bentonville, March 21, 65, while on the picket line with the writer. Palmer, Noah E. Discharged Dec. 31/64. Richardson, Ethelbert.-- -Discharged May n, 63. Rouse, George W. Mustered out June 29, 6 5 . Rapp, Michael. Mustered out June 29, 65. Russell, Samuel N. Died at Jackson, Tenn., Jan. 26, 63. Rodebaugh, Samuel. Mustered out May 1 8, 65. Spratt, John E. Enjoys the distinction of being the youngest soldier in the looth Indiana, being less than fourteen years old when he en listed; mustered out as Corporal June 29, 65. Smith, William Died at Grand Junction Feb. 23, 63. Stouffer, John T. Mustered out June 29, 65- Smith, B. F. -Enlisted August 13, 1862, when a mere boy, and with a single exception he was the youngest soldier in the Regiment; a frail little fellow but he had a great big man s heart in his breast. He soon became a favorite with the men and officers. He was fearless, boy as he was, but he performed a soldier s whole duty from the date of his enlistment to the end of the war. When the war ended he was yet a boy. He was a high-minded, moral, brave little sold- 415 ier. He was wounded severely in battle of Griswoldville. Stabler, Christian Discharged April 16, 63- Swisher, Solomon Mustered out June 29, 6 5- Snyder, Murray Mustered out June 29, 6 5 . Tucker, David Killed at Missionary Ridge Nov. 25, 63. Vanwarmer, William A. Mustered out as Corporal June 29, 64. Ward, Levan Mustered out June 29, ^65. Williamson, William {.---Discharged Dec. 31, 64- West, John W. Mustered out June 29, 65. Zook, Jacob A. Mustered out June 29, 65. Baker, Solomon Mustered out June 29, 65. Cordray, Walter Served with Company "A." Destiger,Emanuel Taken prisoner in North Carolina, and shot while trying to escape April, 65; same time as E. P. Mullis. Eagle, John D. Transferred to 48th Indi ana June 29, 65. Frank, Andrew ]. Transferred to 48th Indiana June 29, ^65. Gallazio, Charles G. Mustered out July 3, 65- Gullion, George W. Discharged. Hilbert, Thomas }. Died at Nashville, Sept. 28, 64. Haswell, Lewis R. Transferred to 48th Regiment June 27, 65. Lower, Israel Died at Keokuk, Iowa, March 14, 63. 416 Moses N. Pugh. Company K. looth Indiana Infantry. ( From an old time tin-type). George Wert. Company K. tooth Indiana Infantry Charles Sims. Company K. looth Indiana Infantry. Leavitt, Philander C., Jr. Transferred for further service. Norwood, Isaae N. Wounded severely at Griswoldville. Obert, Frederick Transferred to 48th Indi ana June 27, 65. Robinson, Henry- Died at Marietta, Ga. r Aug. 10, 64. Sherman, John Q. A. Transferred to 48th Indiana June 27, 65. Simons, George Discharged Oct. 29, 64. Wert, George Entered the army August 2 1, 62; he was one of the many faithful and reliable soldiers in Company U K"; he served faithfully and efficiently until the war closed, and made a clean, enviable and noble record. Sims, Charles Was another man who did noble service during the war; when duty called he was always there to answer; he served faith fully, and had the esteem and respect of the men and officers of his Company; he deserves to be remembered well by those who come after him. Sharpnack, Charles Transferred to 48th Indiana, June 27, 65. Tupper, Frank Transferred to 48th Indi ana June 27, 65. 423 OUR REGIMENTAL ASSOCIATION. To perpetuate memories and friendships formed under the pressure of common danger and in many instances bathed in and cemented by the blood of the parties, the survivors of the Hundredth Regiment have organized an associa tion which holds a reunion each year, which has served to keep alive these memories and has been the cause of great good. The first Reunion was held Nov. 2^, 1886, at Kendall - ville. Ten of these Reunions have been held and the nth is to be held at Kendallville in 1896. They are \vell attended and the body of men who were members of the looth compare favorably \vith those of any society socially and intellect ually. At these reunions the utmost good feeling and fellowship prevails. The wives of the sol diers, who as a body of womanly matrons have no superior socially or patriotically, aided by the Woman s Relief Corps and the good people \vhere the reunions are held, always have pre pared a bountiful repast where all are welcome to the refreshments provided. The talented and refined sons and daughters of the old Veterans always have an interesting program for the evening s exercises embracing 424 vocal and instrumental music, patriotic son^s, set to National airs and humorous and dramatic recitations. Hiss Isa Lloyd Upson. The daughter of the regiment, adopted November 2;th, 1886. At the first reunion Miss Upson was adopted sis the daughter of the Regiment at the age of six years. She possesses dramatic talent and with the assistance of the sons and daughters of the old soldiers, many of whom also possess rare talent, the entertainments are rendered first class. These exercises are usually inter spersed with an address by some member which renders the reunions beneficial and highly en tertaining. It is to be hoped that when the last gray haired Veteran has gone the way of all the -earth that these reunions will be perpetuated by their sons and daughters and their descendants. 425 The following table shows the death and other losses by Companies of the looth Indiana during its term of service: CO. DEATHS. DISCHARGED. TRANSFERRED. RESGD. TOTAL. A" 34 15 9 3 61 B" 25 15 2 3 45 C" 26 13 2 4 45 !)" 22 12 13 2 49 E" 26 14 7 3 50 < F " 23 16 11 2 52 ( G" 19 13 7 2 41 H" 24 12 11 47 "I" 16 14 4 o 36 "K" 15 16 8 2 41 Total .... 230 140 74 23 467 Fid. Staff 1 1 5 7 Totals.. 231 141 74 28 474 The following table show r s the number of deaths during the War in each Regiment of the Second Brigade, First Division, Fifteenth Army Corps : KILLED. DIED. TOTAL. NAME OF REGIMENT. u. ttt MEN. | MEN. DEATHS. REMARKS. 100th Ind. Vol. In. 3 62 3 166 234 (Error of 3.) 97th Ind. Vol. In.. 3 51 6 172 232 Maj. Genl. Chas. 26th 111. In 2 88 2 194 286 R. Wood, Com. 40th 111. In. . 6 119 4 117 246 Div. 103d 111. In 46th Ohio In ... 6th Iowa In 8 10 8 87 124 144 1 7 2 153 149 126 249 290 280 Col. Charles C. Wolcott, Com. Brig. 39 676 25 1077 1817 426 The following table losses during the War in shows the total death the Four Army Corps and the Cavalry which marched to the sea. KILLED. DIED. OFF. MEN. OFF. MEN. TOTAL. 14th Army Corps 20th Army Corps 17th Army Corps 15th Army Corps 7th Cavalry Corps. 196 238 165 293 42 3,903 4,364 2,920 4.756 646 93 70 89 170 26 7,613 5,797 6,912 11,166 2,232 11,858 10,489 10,096 16,385 2,946 TOTAL DEATH Loss. 934 16,589 448 33,720 51,774 TOTAL DEATH LOSSES ALL CAUSES. The following table is an approximate state ment of the total deaths in the Union arm} from all causes during the war: OFFICERS. MEN. TOTAL. Killed and mortally wounded Died of various diseases. . 6,365 2 719 103,705 1Q7 OflS 110,070 Disease and starvation in prison. . Accidental 83 948 24,783 O 01 f\ lvv,{ JU 24,866 Murders and sunstrokes Prisoners murdered 42 14 o,oiU 791 QO 9,()o8 833 i n_i Self destruction (suicides) Executed under sentence 26 365 267 1LM 391 t)fi~ Executed by rebels Unknown causes. . 4 90 60 14,065 64 14,155 TOTALS, 9,584 349,944 359,528 The Confederate total Josses were doubt less about the same. During the last year of the war their reports were very incomplete and the true losses sustained cannot be ascertained. 431 The following table shows the strength of the four Army Corps and Kilpatrick\s Cavalry Division on the march through the Carolinas in 1865: INFANTRY. CAVALRY. ARTILLERY. TOTAL. 15 Army Corps 15,244 23 403 15,670 17 Army Corps 12,873 30 261 13,161 Total Army Term 14 Armv Corps . . . 28,117 14,653 53 664 445 28,834 15,098 20 Army Corps 12,471 494 12,965 Total Army Georgia.. 27,124 939 28,063 Total lioth Armies 56,097 Cavalry Division 5484 175 5,659 Total on March through the Carolinas 61,756 The following table shows the strength of the Union army at different times during the war. The figures to the right of any particular date in the column will give the number of troops in the service of the United States at that time: January 1, 1861 16,367 July 1,1861 186,751 June 1, 1862 575,917 March 31, 1862 918,191 June 1, 1863 860,737 January 1, 1865 959,460 March 31, 1865 980,086 May 1, 1865 1,000,516 At the close of the war the Unionists had more than a million men in the service, many thousands of whom never reached the seat of w r ar. THK KXI). 432 .. ll< * *?*> -^i^^-^s 9t 51124 M188328 THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY