GIFT OF 
 
103 
 
 1905 
 
 c) 
 
 rograrr\n\e 
 
 EOF THEE 
 
 of ^Louisiana 
 
 From FRANCE to the UNITED STATES. 
 
 COMMEMORATION BY THE 
 
 LOUISIANA HISTORICAL SOCIETY 
 
 AT NEW ORLEANS, LA., 
 
 December 18th, 19th and 20th, 1903. 
 
 [STORICAL AND STATISTICAL DATA OF LOUISIANA AND 
 NEW ORLEANS. 
 
 ORLE 
 
 ILLUSTRATED 
 
 v ^ 
 
 Edited and Published by 
 
 JAM 
 
 AUGUSTIIM, 
 
 Assistant Secretary of Committee La. H. S. in 
 charge of celebration, 
 
 BY AUTHORITY OF THE LOUISIANA HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 
 
 PICAYUNE JOB PRINT. 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 In March. 1S03. Bonaparte was prepar 
 ing to declare war \vith England. He | 
 knew that the English, fleet was about ! 
 to attack Xe\v Oi leans. 
 
 "The English." he remarked to his min 
 isters, "have twenty vessels of war in 1 
 the Gulf of Mexieo, and I have not one j 
 moment to lose in order to save Louisi 
 ana. The American plenipotentiaries are i 
 asking for only one city in Louisiana, but 
 1 consider the colony as already lost to 
 France." 
 
 A few days later, while walking in the 
 gardens of St. Cloud with Barbe-Marbois, 
 in whom he had more confidence than in 
 Talleyrand, he said: 
 
 "Yon have charge of the Treasury. M. 
 Marbois. Well, ask one hundred million 
 francs and let the United States take 
 the whole of Louisiana." 
 
 Marbois hazarded some words of re 
 gret for the colonists. "Go and air your 
 theories in London," interrupted Bona 
 parte. 
 
 The price finally agreed on for the 
 cession was eighty million francs, from 
 which twenty millions were to be af 
 fected to the payment of indemnities due 
 by France to citizens of the United 
 States." 
 
 M. Marbois and Mr. Livingston and Mr. 
 Monroe signed the treaty on April 30, 
 1803. When this was concluded, the Plen 
 ipotentiaries shook hands. 
 
 "We have lived long." remarked Mr. ; 
 Livingston, "but this is the most import- 
 nnt achievement of our whole career." 
 Remarkable and wonderful work it was, 
 indeed. For. by the expenditure of fif 
 teen million dollars the United States ac 
 quired a vast an I fertile expanse of conn- 
 try the territory of Louisiana out of 
 which have been carved the whole or part 
 of the present States of Arkansas, Colo 
 rado. Iowa. Idaho, Kansas.- Louisiana, i 
 Montana. Minnesota, Missouri. Nebraska, | 
 Oregon. Washington. Wyoming, Dakota 
 and the Indian Territory. 
 
 As the city of New Orleans was the 
 theatre upon which the varying scenes 
 of the transfer of 1803 were enacted, and 
 as two cessions of the colony had previ 
 ously taken place in this very city in j 
 1769 from France to Spain, and in 1803, | 
 on Nov. 30, from Spain back again to 
 France it is eminently proper and be 
 fitting that in commemoration of the one 
 hundredth anniversary of the transfer 
 to this Republic of Republics, the glorious : 
 United States, there should be a brilliant 
 and elaborate programme of festivities 
 and public functions. 
 
 The Louisiana Historical Society ha* 
 been preparing for months for a memor 
 able celebration of the Centennial date. 
 President Alcee Fortier and the officer? 
 and members have shown commendable 
 zeal, willingness and public spirit, am. 
 they have at last, with the assistance o 
 the State Legislature, which has votec 
 an appropriation in aid of the celebra 
 tion, and with the approbation of ever; 
 citizen, made ready a most complete or 
 der of exercises which will occupy three- 
 days: Friday, Dec. 18; Saturday, the 19th 
 and Sunday, the 20th the latter date- 
 being the anniversary of the transfer o 
 the colony from France to the Unitec 
 States. 
 
 Representatives of France. Spain an<? 
 of the United States will be guests of 
 honor, and will take part in the pro 
 ceedings. Each of these powers will also> 
 be represented by warships, which will- 
 have prominent positions in the nava. 
 parade, which is to be one of the fea 
 tures of the first day. Friday, the 18th. " 
 
 The ceremonies will open Friday noor: 
 at the City Hall, when the Mayor and 
 City Council will give a reception to tht- 
 distinguished guests, and then proceed ii: 
 carriages to the landing at Canal Street, 
 where the party will go on board the 
 United States steamship Stranger, of the 
 Louisiana Naval Reserves, flagship or 
 the naval review. That part of th-- 
 programme will conclude at 4:30 p.m. 
 At night the guests will be given a 
 reception at the French Opera House, 
 half an hour before the opening of the 
 colonial ball, which is to be in charge, 
 of the ladies of the Historical Society, 
 the costumes to be worn by the 
 guests at the ball and by th>. 
 participants in the dances are tc. 
 l>e of the last century. The musical 
 programmed, arranged by Prof. Geo. L 
 O Connell, of this city, a musician, com 
 poser and orchestra leader, who wil: 
 be the director for that occasion, La; 
 been divided into three parts: First, COB 
 certed; second, old dances; third, nev 
 dances. 
 
 All of the first part will consist o! 1 
 selections from the masters who flour 
 ished 100 years ago. Part second, open 
 ing the ball, will begin with a march 
 of Mozart (1791), followed by a minuei 
 of Mozart (1792), and a gavotte of the 
 time of Louis XV. Part third will be 
 a medley of modern dances, three or 
 four promenade numbers and an inter 
 mezzo arranged by Prof. O Connell, fcav 
 ing a few old-time Creole son^s an.! 
 
airs. The minuet and the gavotte, dances 
 of the last century in Franco, will be 
 presented by fifty couples clad in the 
 ball co.stume of 100 years ago. Special 
 attention \vill be paid to the "graude 
 Utree," or the beginning of the ball. 
 This part of the programme has been, 
 rehearsed with care, so that the be 
 holder will believe that he has sudden 
 ly been brought into a scene in the pal 
 ace of Versailles, or in the Tuilleries, 
 during one of the brilliant court recep- 
 :ions. The stage and parquette of the 
 Opera House will be transformed into 
 a huge ballroom. The interior will be 
 superbly decorated with flags, emblems, 
 dowers and plants, symbolic of the 
 epoch sought to be presented. The am 
 phitheatre boxes and "loges" will be 
 occupied by the guests, the nondancers, 
 -vho will enjoy the sight of a colonial 
 ball in full sway. 
 
 During the ball a dance will be spe 
 cially given in honor of each of the 
 Powers which successively owned Louisi 
 ana, and the airs of three ivational 
 liymns will be played by the orchestra: 
 "La Marseillaise," in honor of France; 
 "Des Riego," in honor of Spain; and 
 "The Star-Spangled Banner," hi honor 
 of the United States. 
 
 Saturday, Dec. 19, the guests and the 
 officers of the Society will assemble at 
 the City Hall at 11 o clock in the morn 
 ing, and after partaking of a lunch, they 
 will depart for the Archbishop s Palace 
 to open the Colonial Museum. Governor 
 Heard and his aids, Mayor Capdevielle, 
 the members of the City Council, the 
 foreign representatives, and the guests 
 will be in carriages, escorted by the 
 First Troop of Cavalry. The Colonial 
 Museum, occupying the parlors of the 
 archiepiscopal residence, will be formally 
 opened by President Alcee Fortier, Pres 
 ident of the Louisiana Historical So 
 ciety. This museum will contain pre 
 cious relics and mementoes of other days 
 books, documents, weapons, articles 
 of wear, and a hundred other interesting 
 things lo-aned to the Museum Commit 
 tee by descendants of the ancient set 
 tlers. It will be kept open sixty days, 
 or until after the Mardi Gras of 1904. 
 
 Leaving the Museum, the Governor, 
 the Mayor, the officers and members of 
 the Historical Society and guests will 
 go to the Cabildo, and in front of the 
 Place d Arines, if the weather is cle*ar, 
 they will begin a programme of ceremo 
 nies. If the elements are not propitious 
 the programme will take place in the 
 courtroom of the Supreme Court, in the 
 Cabildo building. The Continental 
 Guards will act as guard of honor to 
 the particip-ants in the proceedings. 
 Prof. Alcee Fortier will introduce Gov 
 ernor Heard, who is to preside, and who 
 will introduce the speakers. 
 
 M. Jusserand, French Ambassador at 
 Washington, wlil be the first speaker. 
 He will be followed by the representa 
 tive of the Spanish Government. Then 
 the representative of the United States 
 will speak, and the concluding speech 
 will lc made by Hon. D. R. Francis, 
 President of the St. Louis Exposition. 
 
 At -2 p.m. the Governor will review 
 the troops from the central balcony of 
 the Cabildo. 
 
 Saturday night will take place a "gala" 
 performance at the French Opera House. 
 Bizet s opera "Carmen" will be sung by 
 the same cast which presented it when 
 first given this season. The selection of 
 "Carmen" was done advisedly because 
 it is a Frnech production, containing 
 Spanish airs and scenes in Spain, and 
 staged in an American city. Thirty boxes 
 have been reserved for seating the dis 
 tinguished guests of the Louisiana His 
 torical Society. 
 
 The next day, Sunday, a solemn pon 
 tifical high mass and "Te Deum" will be 
 sung at the St. Louis Cathderal at 11 
 o clock. His Grace Archbishop Chapelle 
 will officiate. The mass will be sung 
 by a picked choir. The sermon will be 
 preached by Rev. Emmanuel de la Mnr- 
 iniere, S.J., whose eloquence is well 
 known. 
 
 At the close of the mass the Society 
 and guests will proceed to the Cabildo. 
 where the treaty between France and 
 the United States will be read. Next 
 the proces-verbal of the exact proceed 
 ings of Dec. 20, 1803, in the Cabildo, 
 when Louisiana was transferred by the 
 Colonial Prefect, M. Laussat, to the Com 
 missioners of the United States, Gover 
 nor W. C. C. Claiborne and General 
 Wilkinson, will be read, as follows: 
 Proces-verbal of the delivery of Louisi 
 ana; address of Governor Claiborne; 
 proclamation of Governor Claiborue. 
 
 Then, as a final act, the officers of the 
 Louisiana Historical Society, the chair 
 men of committees, guests,* and all who 
 have taken an active part in the cere 
 monies of the day will sign a proces- 
 verbal attesting to the holding of this 
 celebration in the Cabildo, which will 
 be kept as a record of the event. 
 
 And this will conclude the memorable 
 programme, lasting three days, gotten up 
 by the Louisiana Historical Society in 
 honor and commemoration of the centen 
 nial of the transfer of Louisiana. 
 
 This commemoration will be the most 
 epochal that has ever occurred in this 
 city and State. It will have not only 
 a local, but a national as well as aii 
 international, significance, which will 
 enhance the prestige of the Crescent City 
 as the cradle of the most illustrious tra 
 ditions, aud will revive memories and 
 reminiscences of the colonial days and 
 the successive declinations of French 
 Spanish, and again French authorities 
 until in 1803 the .flag of the United 
 
States floated, by right of purchase, over 
 the immense expanse of country, out 
 of which fifteen Stales have been carved. 
 
 Committee 011 Celebration of tlie 
 Transfer of Louisiana. 
 
 Chairman Pi of. Alcee Fortier. 
 
 Vice Chairman Hon. James S. Zach- 
 arie. 
 
 Secretary Charles G. Gill. 
 
 Assistant Secretary James M. Augus 
 tin. 
 
 Meml:e:s Dr. E. A. Alderman, "\Vm. 
 Peer, Hon. Jos. A. Breanx, G. Cusaclis, 
 Charles F. Chiiborne, H. Garland Dupre, 
 Prof. John It. Ficklen, Charles G. Gill, 
 Rev. Max Heller, John M. Henshaw, Hon. 
 Wm. Wirt Howe, Miss Grace King, 
 Branch King, Dr. L. G. Le Benf, Henry 
 Renshavv. T. 1 . Thompson. Hon. Paul 
 Capdevielle, Bernard McCloskey, Charles 
 T. Soniat, Thos. McC. Hyman, Judge 
 Charles E. Fciiner, Page M. Baker, Gen 
 eral Adolph Meyer. W. O. Hart, J. D. 
 Hill, H. F. Baldwin, W. J. Waguespack, 
 Rev. H. S. Mariiig, S.J., Colonel Arseue 
 Perilliat. 
 
 T. P. THOMPSON. 
 Chairman Finance Committee. 
 
 Naval Parade Kram-h M. King, Chair 
 man: B .-riiard Mi Clnskey, Henry McCail. 
 Operatic Performance Charles T. ^o- 
 niat, Chairman; Aisene 1 eriliiat, Bus- 
 siere Koaen. 
 
 Colonial Exhibit Gaspar Cusaclis, Chair 
 man: Mis* Grace King, Henry Renshaw, 
 T. P. Thompson and Ashton Phelps. 
 
 Finance T. 1*. Thompson. Chairman; 
 Dr. L. G. Le Beuf, W. O. Hart, Garland 
 Dupre and Hart Newman. 
 
 Cabildo Committee Prof. Alcee Fortier, 
 Chairman; C. F. Claiborne, Charles T. 
 Soniat anil James S. Zacharie. 
 
 Invitation James S. Zacharie, Chair 
 man; Miss Grace King and Joseph A. 
 Breaux. 
 
 Pontifical High Mass-Rev. H. S. Mar- 
 ing. Chairman; W. J. Waguespack, Henry 
 Re;:sha\v and Felix J. 1 uig. 
 
 PIXVJS Committee J. J. McLoughlin, 
 Chairman; Colonel J. D. Hill and T. P. 
 Thompson. 
 
 Transportation J. J. McLoughlin, 
 Chairman; James S. Zacharie. 
 
 Commemorative Medal James S. 
 Zacharie, Miss Grace King and Miss 
 Jennie Wilde. 
 
 The Executive Committee is composed 
 of Prof. Alcee Fortier. Chairman, and 
 the Chairmen of the various committees. 
 
 WORKING COMMITTEES. 
 
 Military Review Colonel Arsene Peril- 
 Hat, Chairman: T. McC. ILyman. James S. 
 Zacharie. 
 
 C. T. SONIAT, 
 On Reception Committee at Cabililo. 
 
 Colonel J. D. Hill was appointed Chair 
 man of a special committee to receive 
 and provide accommodations for the St. 
 Louis Exposition representatives. 
 
. .4.. 
 
 NAPOLEON BONAPARTE, 
 The E-amous First Consul Who Transferred the Territory. 
 
 THE FULL PROGRAMME. 
 
 Louisiana Transfer Centennial 
 
 Celebration, Dee. IS, 1!* and 
 
 2O, IDO. t, at \ew Or- 
 
 leanH, La. 
 
 The Bureau of Information is at the 
 St. Charles Hotel, room 2~>~, where -ill 
 visitors and quests are requested to reg 
 ister their names and city addresses. 
 
 Friday, Dee. IS, 1903. 
 
 1 p.m. International naval review by 
 tic (iovrrnor of Louisiana on the United 
 States gunboat Stranger, of the Louisi 
 ana Naval Reserves, and salute by the 
 fleet. Visiting men ot -war: French 
 cruiser Jurieii do la (iraviere. Spanish 
 cruiser Ilio de la 1 lata. I nited States 
 cruiser .Minneapolis, United States gun 
 boat Topeka, United States cruiser Yaii- 
 la e and the Ui.-ited St-ites trai!iii:j.;><hip. 
 
The Governor s flagship will bo the 
 United States steamer .Stranger, under 
 command of Captain J. "W. Bo.stick. The 
 Governor and his party will board the 
 Stranger at the foot of Canal Street at 
 noon. The Stranger will then steam 
 clown the river, going to a convenient 
 distance, possibly as far as the naval 
 Hartford. The review will last about two 
 hours. 
 
 docks or the barracks. It will then re 
 turn and at 1 o clock will IK- abreast of 
 the first ship of the fleet, which will 
 anchor in a line in the center of the 
 river. As the Governor s flagship pass AS 
 slowly along the line it will Iv sainted 
 with seventeen guns by the senior of 
 ficer of each nationality, the Governor s 
 ship returning the s.ilute, and the band 
 on board the Governor s ship playing 
 the national air of the ship opposite 
 which it happens to be. This revie\v 
 will be coiu-huled at about 1:30 p.m. 
 From 1:3<J to 2:30 the Governor s ship 
 will take a run i;p the river, the Gov 
 ernor entertaining his guests with re 
 freshments on board the Stranger. At 
 2:30 p.m. the Stranger will anchor ; 
 abreast of the line of warships, when the j 
 commanders of the various warships will | 
 call officially on the Governor, they be 
 ing entertained by the Governor and re 
 freshments provided. At the coiu-lnsion 
 of these calls the Governor will board 
 the launch of the Commandant of the 
 Naval Station, with some of his staff, 
 and will return the calls that have been 
 made upon him. This will probably 
 take until 5:30 or G:30 in the evening. 
 when the party will return to the foot 
 of Canal Street. The Governor is to be 
 accompanied by his staff on board of the 
 flagship, and his staff will meet him at 
 11:30 at such point as he will designate. 
 One or more boats wKl be provided which 
 will follow his flagship during the re 
 view and carry the overflow of gue.sts 
 from the Stranger. These auxiliary 
 boats are to be placed in charge of some 
 of the Governor s staff, and the Commit 
 tee of the Louisiana Historical Society, 
 who will have charge of cnlcrtainin.<r 
 the guests on board of these auxiliary 
 vessels. 
 
 HOSTER OF COMMISSIONED OFFI 
 CERS OF THE UNITED STATES 
 STEAMER STRANGER. 
 
 Captain J. W. Bostiek. 
 Commander J. II. McFarlane. 
 Lieu leant Commander R. F. Spangen- 
 foerg. 
 
 Lieutenant Commander J. C. Febiger. 
 Lieutenant G. R. Sheldon. 
 Lieutenant F. Codman Ford. 
 Lieutenant E. P.. McKinney. 
 Lieutenant F. K. F.lasland. 
 Lieutenant Rushton Foster. 
 Lieutenant Charles I. Kiehl. 
 Lieutenant Edmund J. Murphy. 
 
 Lieutenant Henry R. Carroll. 
 
 Lieutenant Ernest D. Ivy. 
 
 Lieutenant Thomas S. Collins. 
 
 Lieutemuit J. S. Barelli. 
 
 Lieutenant L. M. Gipson. 
 
 Lieutenant Junior Hugh Williams. 
 
 Lieutenant Junior A. C. Carpenter. 
 
 Lieutenant Junior Eugene Chassaignac. 
 
 Lieutemint Junior Frank Weinberger. 
 
 LL-Viteirant Junior Walter L. Abbott. 
 
 Lieutenant Junior T. D. Miller. 
 
 Liouteifant Junior W. O. Hudson. 
 
 Lieutenant Junior J. A. Oakes. 
 
 Lieutenant Junior Guy A. Smith. 
 
 Ensign Duval Armstrong. 
 
 Ensign Edw. A. Gamard. 
 
 Ensign N. J. Hoey. 
 
 Ensign W. S. Deianey. 
 
 Ensign A. Cronai;. 
 
 Surgeon, Lieutenant Commander R. A. 
 Murchy. 
 
 P. A. Surgeon, Lieutenant Allen King. 
 
 Assistant Surgeon Henderson. 
 
 Paymaster. Licuteant Harry McEnery. 
 
 AV;;rrant Gunner Sidney S. Simpson. 
 
 8:30 p.m. Reception of distinguished 
 -nests by Historical Rail Reception Corui- 
 initteo at the French Opera House. 
 
 it p.m. Opening of the Historical ball , 
 subscription ball" given by the ladies of 
 the Historical Society, by special invita 
 tion and r.umit cards; minuet and ga 
 votte dances. 
 
 Saturday, Dee. 11), 1903. 
 
 10:30 a. in. -Reception by the Mayor, 
 City Council and executive officers of the 
 Governor of distinguished guesU in the 
 Mayor s parlor. City Hall. 
 
 11 a.m. Departure of the Mayor, Citj 
 Council, executive officers and distin 
 guished guests in carriages, with escort 
 of First Troop of Cavalry. Captain C. 
 Robert Churchill commanding: arrival 
 at the Archbishop s old palace, Chartrcs 
 !iiul Ursiilines Streets, and reception by 
 the Museum Committee. 
 
 11 rod a.m. -Opening of the Colonial 
 
 Museran by Presid ut Alcee Fortier, 
 
 1 resident of the Louisiana Historical So- 
 
 iety. Addresses to be delivered from 
 
 lie lower non-ls by President Fortier 
 
 nd Governor Heard, who will formally 
 
 leclare the museum open. If the weather 
 
 s inclement the exercises will take place 
 
 in the hall on the lower floor. 
 
 PROGRAMME OF CEREMONIES. 
 
 Music. 
 
 Mayoi of New Orleans to preside and 
 explain the object of the meeting and 
 introduce President Alcee Fortier. 
 
 Historical address by President For 
 tier. 
 
 Music. 
 
 Declaration of opening of the Colonial 
 Museum by His Excellency the Governor 
 of Louisiana. 
 
 Music. 
 
Progre-s of the Governor, officials nnu 
 distinguished guests through the Colon 
 ial Museum, escorted by the Museum 
 Committee. 
 
 12:^0 p.m. Departure of cortege Tor 
 Jackson Square. 
 
 1 p. ui, Commemorative meeting in 
 front of the Cnbildo, if the weather is 
 propitious, or in the Supreme Court room 
 if the weather is inclement. Admission 
 by card or badge to the platform. 11 
 the meeting takes place in the Supreme 
 Court room the fidmission will bo lim 
 ited. Chairman Zaehnvie. of the Cabildo 
 Committee, will att^ml to the sen tin 2: of 
 pue^ts on the platform, the reception 
 fir.d departure of the officials and dis 
 tinguished guests. 
 
 W. J. WAGUESPACK, 
 
 Chairman Cathedral Ueceptio.i Comniittje. 
 
 PROGRAMME OF THE COMMEMORA- 
 TiVK MEETING. 
 
 Music. "Washington Post." 
 
 His Excellency Govern.) - U . W. Hear.! 
 presiding. 
 
 Address by the Governor, who will 
 introduce the speakers. 
 
 Music, "Star-Spangled Banner." 
 
 Add: ess of Hi< Exce.lcncy M. Jusser- 
 find. Ambassador ol the French lie- 
 public. 
 
 Musu . "La Marseiilais .-." 
 
 Address of tlie representative of Spain. 
 Hon. Tuero y O DoMiel., Spanish Cuiusi;! 
 nt New Orleans 
 
 Music, "Marc. ha Rcale." 
 
 Address of the representative of t.nfe 
 United State*. 
 
 Music. "Red. White and U luc." 
 
 Address of Ex-Governor L). R. Francis. 
 of Missouri, President of the Louisiana 
 Purchase Exposition at St. Loui.s. 
 
 Music, "Hail, Columbia. 
 
 Luncheon in justices consultation 
 room, if the meeting closes at 12:30 p.m.: 
 if not. then after the review the lunch 
 will be served. 
 
 , J p.m. Review of troops by His Ex 
 cellency the Governor from the platform. 
 Posiiions on the platform: President 
 Fortier, Ex-Governor Francis. Spanisn 
 , representative, Governor Heard, French 
 Ambassador. United States representa 
 tive and the Mayor, visiting Governors 
 ar-d staffs, State and city officials. 
 
 7:4.1 p.m. Gala performance at the 
 French Opera House. Tickets to be pro 
 cured at the box office on payment of 
 announced prices. Thirty boxes reserved 
 for distinguished guests, who will DC 
 seated by the Opera House Committee, 
 and escorted by the .same Committee on 
 their departure. 
 
 S p.m. Presentation of the opera "Car 
 men," of Bizet. 
 
 Sunday, Dec. 2O, 19O3. 
 
 At 0:4r, A.M. Pontifical hi-h mass- 
 and "To Denm" at the St. Louis Cathe 
 dral. Doors open at 9 a.m. Admission 
 by card. 
 
 Officials and distinguished guests will 
 be admitted and seated by the Cathe 
 dral Committee. His Excellency, Arch 
 bishop rhapelle. will officiate. 
 
 The Cathedral Choir, under the di 
 rection o e Mrs. Theresa Cannon Buckley, 
 organist, will be assisted on this great 
 occasion by the Jesuits Choir, by some 
 of the principal artists of the French 
 Opera, and by the best local talent. 
 There will be an orchestra, composed of 
 musicians of the French Opera Orches 
 tra, di- cctej by M. Mona. 
 
 MUSICAL PROGRAMME. 
 
 Processional "Hallelujah," solo and 
 
 oliorv.s of Hummel. Solo by Miss Corimie 
 Bailey. 
 
 "Kyrie." from Cimarosa s Military 
 Mass, solos by Cathedral Quartette. 
 
 "Gloria." Cimarosa. 
 
 "Crpdo." from Gounod s "St. Cecila 
 Mass," solos by Jesuit Church Quar 
 tet t-. 
 
 Offertory "Fac ut Porteni," by Ros 
 sini, sung by Mine. Bressler-Gianoli, con 
 tralto of the French Opera. 
 
 "Sanctus." Gomio.Ts "St. Cecilia." 
 "Agnus be!." by Bizet, soprano solo> 
 sung by Mine. Packbiers, chanteuse 
 legcre of the French Opera troupe, 
 with harp accompaniment by Miss Hel 
 en I itkin, and cello by Mr. Mona. 
 
"To Deum," sung by tho clergy in the 
 sanctuary, and thirty male voices in tho 
 choir. 
 
 Recessional, grand chorus, from 
 Gounod s "Redemption." 
 
 CATHEDRAL CHOIR. 
 
 Sopranos Mrs. Harrison-Delery, Misses 
 E. Doussan, O. Xeyrey, A. Xores, S. 
 Daboval. O. Fugleman.. G. Betat, J. 
 Cusimano, . E. Burthe, E. Fournier, X. 
 Schneidau, M. Pemberton, E. Curien, L. 
 Domecq, E. Flessig, G. Taylor, X. Ug- 
 land, L. Asbury, L. Hiintha. 
 
 Altos Mrs. E. Lejenne, Mrs. B. Bois- 
 fontaine, Mrs. E. May, Mrs. X. Aliphat, 
 Mrs. L. Garvey, Mrs. L. Ratto, Mrs. A. 
 Willoz. 
 
 Tenors Messrs. A. H. Kernion, T. C. 
 Viavant, J. H. Desmares, O. Wintler, W. 
 B. Slade, H. Renaud. 
 
 Bassos Messrs. L. J. Doize, W. J. 
 Zimmerman. J. Fontana, L. Burthe, A. 
 Boisblanc, W. Tusson. 
 
 The choir will be assisted by Misses 
 Corinne Bailey, Helen Pitkin, Regina 
 Fremaux, Berthe Olivier, L. Olivier; 
 Mrs. Dr. Q. Kohnke, Mines. M. McDon 
 nell, K. McCorniack. B. Cooper, A. Coop 
 er, D. Gautreaux; Messrs. I.. Rieau, G. 
 Rioau; Gauthier, of the French Opera; 
 
 E. Carley, and the Jesuits Choir, as fol 
 lows: 
 
 Carminie Allen, Mrs. M. J. Allison, 
 Esther Bacho, Mrs. D. J. Bowles, Clem 
 entine Crump. Aimee David, Renee 
 David, May Deltry, Mrs. A. O. Exnicios, 
 Mrs. F. C. Font, Regina Glenn. Xina 
 Hogan, Felicie Hsu-del. Mrs. L. D. Harri 
 son , Myra Jones, Mrs. R. M. Jones, 
 Kortensp Kilshaw. Valentine Kilshaw, 
 Ruby Xorieh, Florence O Donneil, Julia 
 Wogan, Miss Reiuocke: Messrs. Chas. J. 
 Babst, S. J. Bowles, J. J. Crozier, Jr., 
 Joseph Hote, R. M. Jones. Alfred Mies- 
 ter. E. A. O SuHivau. Alb. Portilla, John 
 K. Segrave, C. L. Sully, John C. White, 
 
 F. C. Font. 
 
 RECEPTION COMMITTEE AT TIIF. CATIIF.- 
 DIIAL. 
 
 Dr. Paul de Verges, 
 Thos. G. Rapier, 
 John 11. Ficklen, 
 Dr. E. D. Martin, 
 J. B. Levert, 
 Dr. T. S. Dabney, 
 John. T. Gibbons, 
 Dr. A. E. Fossier, 
 John Dymond, Jr., 
 J. P. Baldwin, 
 George AA . Young, 
 K. T. Manning. 
 Bnssiere Rouen, 
 Andre Lal argne, 
 Chais. I. Denechaud, 
 AV. A. Kernaghan, 
 Peter F. Pescud, 
 Pierre D. Olivier, 
 Joseph P. Buckley, 
 Leonard Robin., 
 Sidney Story, 
 J. Z. SpearhKr. 
 John AV. Phillips, 
 F. E. Bernard, 
 P. M. AVestfeldt, 
 Chas. G. Gill. 
 Andrew Fitzpatrick, 
 J. F. Couret, 
 Geo. C. H. Kernion, 
 H. S. Crozier. 
 F. H. Mortimer, 
 Dr. M. C. Brady, 
 M. H. Manion. 
 Charles Janvier, 
 Jules A. Gar.che, 
 R. T. Beauregard, 
 Chas. T. 
 
 James. M. Augustin, 
 J. Henry Lafaye, 
 A ictor AA ogan, 
 James Thibant, 
 H. F. Baldwin. 
 Bernard Bruenn, 
 
 A. F. Livaudais, 
 AV. O. Hart. 
 Frank H. AVaddill, 
 Hugnes de la Vergne, 
 Henry M. Gill, 
 Rixiord J. Lincoln 1 , 
 Horatio Lange, 
 Benj. Crump. 
 
 John A. Grehan, 
 E. C. Day, 
 Allison Owens, 
 J. E. Bnrguieres. 
 John P. Pemberton, 
 J. L. Lyons, 
 T. S. McLoughlin, 
 AV. L. Hushes. 
 P. Percy Viosca, 
 Hugh McCloskey, 
 Clarence F. Low, 
 Lucien Soniat, 
 Henry McLoughlin, 
 J. Creighton Mathews, 
 
 B. Winchester Bowling-, 
 JaP. J. LeGardeur. 
 Hon. John St. Paul. 
 
 O. Provosty. 
 Chas. A. Fricke. 
 Thomas G. Rapier, Jr., 
 Drury J. Tallant. 
 M<ini ice Baudier, 
 I . S. Augustin. 
 
 Mr. AV. J. AA a 
 
 guespa -k. Chairman; 
 
 
 Jos. A. Breaux. 
 
 AValter D. Denesre, 
 
 
 Geo. H. Theard, 
 
 H. iii-v G. McCall, 
 
 
 W. J. Behan. 
 
 E. A. O Snilivan. 
 
 
 Charles F. Claihorno, 
 
 John Fitzpatrick, 
 
 
 William Mehle, 
 
 A. E. Morphy. 
 
 
 Patrick McGrath, 
 
 James D. Hill. 
 
 
 John Dymond. 
 
 Judge Frank McGloin, 
 
 
 H. Garland Dupre, 
 
 Judge P. F. Hennessey, 
 
 
 Arsene Perrilliat, 
 
 Prof. M. A. Aldrieh. 
 
 
 J. B. Sinnott. 
 
 Prof. P.. V. P.. Dlxon. 
 
 
 W. H. Sevmonr. 
 
 Dr. C.M. Menville, 
 
 
 Edwin A. AldermiMi, 
 
 Edarar H. Farrar, 
 
 
 Isaac M. Clino. 
 
 In-. AVm. Scheppegrcll, 
 
 
 Lawrence F aba Cher, 
 
 Henry Reiis iaw, 
 
 
 Dr. Felix Gaudin, 
 
 Dr. J. J. Archinard, 
 
 
 
 T. P. Thompson, 
 
 J. P. Blair. 
 
 
 Dr. Q. Kohnke, 
 
 Dr. L. G. LeBeuf, 
 
 1 
 
 John B. Fisher. 
 
 .7. S. / .acharie. 
 
 
 Dr. T. J. Dirnitry, 
 
 Bernard McCloskey, 
 
 
 Folix J. Pnig, 
 
 Espy Williams. 
 
 
 Joseph Garcia. 
 J, J. McLoughlin, 
 
 Samuel AA". AA eis. 
 Dr. J. N. Roussel, 
 
 1 
 
 At 11:50 A.M. Closing of ceremonies 
 of ihe nuuss. 
 
 CEXTEXXIAL CEREMONIES. 
 
 The officials and distinguished guests 
 will assemble under the arcade of the 
 Cabiklo, and will be received by the 
 Cabildo Committee in tho sala capitular, 
 (Supreme Courtroom) and seated. 
 
 OX THE SUPREME COURT BlvNL H. 
 
 The Mayor, Governor Francis. the 
 Spanish representatives; Governor Heard, 
 the 1-Yench Ambassador, the representa 
 tive of the United States. visiting 
 Governors and Justices, will be seated. 
 
 At 12 M. Signal gun announcing the 
 departure from the corner of Deeatur 
 and St. Peter, of Messr>. Charles F. 
 Claiborne and Theodore Wilkinson, 
 whose grandfathers were the American 
 Commissioners at the transfer in 1803. 
 They \\ill lie accompanied by Hon. Ja;-. 
 S. /acharie, representing their Secre 
 tary, Wa. lsworth. They will be es 
 corted bv the Continental Guards, (wit- 
 band of music) representing the United 
 States Army of 1803, and Avill proceed 
 to the Cabildo. 
 
 At 12:05 P.M. Reception of the rep 
 resentatives of the American Commis 
 sioners at the head of the .stairs, by 
 the Mayor an,! City Council, and Presi 
 dent Alcee Fortier. representing th- 
 French Commissioner, Laussat, Colonial 
 
 Positions i.i the rear of the table used 
 by membors of the liar: Commissioner 
 Wilkinson, represented by Mr. Theodore 
 S. Wilkinson; Commissioner Fortier, 
 representing Commissioner Laussat: 
 Commissioner Claiborne. represented D: 
 Hon. Charles F. Claiborne: Secretary 
 Danirerot, represented by Hon. Chas. 1 
 
,>oniat; Secretary Wads worth, represented 
 by HO.U. Jas. S. Zacharie. 
 
 The Governor of Louisiana will pre 
 side, and explain the object of the meet- 
 .ng. which is to be a repetition of the 
 eremony of the transfer of 1803. 
 
 Commissioner Lauss:Jt announces iu 
 1 rench the object of the meeting. 
 
 The French Secretary reads in English 
 che "Treaty of Cession." 
 
 Secretary Dangerot read in French the 
 powers ot Laussat to receive Louisiana 
 trom Sixiii!. 
 
 American Secretary reads in English 
 The powers of the American Commit 
 sioners 
 
 The French Secretary reads in English 
 The powers of Laussat to deliver Louisi 
 tna to the United States. 
 
 Declaration of Commissioner Laussat 
 nutting the,* American Commissioners in 
 ossessioii. 
 
 All standing during this declaration, 
 ind at the close they take their seats. 
 
 Delivery, by Commissioner Laussat, of 
 :he keys of the city of New Orleans. 
 
 Commissioner Laussat. in French, rc- 
 "ases Louisiana from the oath of alle 
 giance to France. 
 
 The American Secretary reads the 
 7>roces verbal in English. 
 
 Address of Governor Claibornc read 
 y Hon. Charles F. Claiborne. 
 
 Announcement, by Governor Heard, o! 
 he termination of the repetition of the 
 -eremonies of ISO. ,. In order to com- 
 .iiemorate this centennial anniversary a 
 T.ror-es verbal will be signed. 
 
 Distribution of medals to distinguished 
 quests. 
 
 " Then, proceeding down to the St. 
 I eter Street side of the room, conducted 
 " iv the ("Vibildo Reception Committee, the 
 Governor nn.l gi ests. and the officials, 
 te.. will go to the f ntral balcony. 
 
 Positions on Italr-ony: 
 
 Mayor and Governor. 
 
 The Governor of Louisiana will make 
 in appropriate address. 
 
 The Mayrr will also snenk. find with 
 "lie rending of Governor Claiborne s proc- 
 :una :ion of 1803. the ceremonies will 
 .nd. 
 
 At a signal the American Flag will be 
 Voiste.d in Jar-kson Square; the Cathedral 
 i Mis will ring, and the Washington 
 - rMl ery will fire a svUut" from the 
 Leveo, which will be responded to by 
 i "\e men-of-war, and the troops will pre- 
 -ent arms. 
 
 THE COLOMAL BALL.. 
 
 Centennial Celebration of the 
 Transfer of Louisiana, at tlie 
 Frencli Ojiera Hotise, Fri 
 day, Dec. IS, 1903. 
 
 MUSICAL PROGRAMME. 
 
 Arranged by I rof. George L. O Connell. 
 
 INTRODUCTORY. 
 
 Leader of Orchestra. Prof. George L. 
 O Connell. 
 
 CONCERT. 
 
 1. "Caliph of Bagdad." overture, (1800) 
 
 2. "Andante." Surprise Symphony (177*) 
 Haydn. 
 
 3. "Airs a Danser." (a) "Les Fetes 
 D Hebe." tambourin (17a) Rameau. (D) 
 "Armide." gavotte. (1777) Gluck. (C) 
 "Colinette a la Cour." Gigue 
 
 e . 
 
 4. " Adagio," sonate pathetique, (179U) 
 Beethoven. 
 
 ~>. "La ciiasse du Jeune Henri," over 
 ture, (18021. Mehul. 
 
 PKOF. G. L. O CONNELL. 
 Musual Director Colonial Ball. 
 
 BALL. 
 
 L "Priest March," "Magic Flue," (171)1) 
 Mozart. 
 
 2. "An Cl-iir de la Lune." (1G74) Lully. 
 o. "JJon oi.an," minuet, (l*8i) Mozart. 
 4. "Cadet iCoussel," i/opular melody, 
 
 "La Fet 
 
 le Roi Da 
 
 Village, 
 obeit," popular 
 
 o. Gavott 
 (li 78) Goss 
 
 (j. "C Kst 
 melody. 
 
 7. Lancers. "Hunters Joy," Tobani. 
 
 8. \\ altz. "Espui.-a." Chabrier. 
 
 J. Promenade, "Creoleries." Old time 
 melodies armnged t>.\ I rof. George L. 
 O Connell. (a) "Pov Piti Mam zel Zizi, 
 of whivh there is a transcription by 
 Gottschalk. of New Orl \-in-, "La Savaue." 
 d)i "Mo Laimin Toi, Cher Com Cochon 
 laimin la Bon," an old Creole song. ( C ) 
 "Zozo Mokeur," descriptive song, words 
 by Chatah-Imah. (Aiibc Rouquette); 
 music by W. T. Frances: sur.g by Mrs. 
 Peinbertoii-Hinck.-. (d) "D.mse Calinda 
 Boudoum! Bondoum!" old Creole sony. 
 (p^ "Kan Patat. la Tchuite Ma Manke 
 Li." of wlrch there is si transcription by 
 Qottsclr lk. "La Bambo- .la." (f) "Cher 
 Mo Laimin Toi." old Creole song, (g) 
 
"Vfolette Embaumee," song by Eugene 
 Chassai-nac, of Now Orleans, (h) "Listen 
 to th-^ Mocking Bird, 7 typical song, (i^ 
 "Le Keveil ! I,. Louisiuie." patriotic 
 son?, \vords by L. Placide Canouge, 
 niu.sic by G. Curto. (j) Finale: Fou.- 
 bars of a Spanish air, "Del Riego," 
 nyuin: four bars of French air, "La Mar 
 seillaise; four bars of American air, "The 
 S t a r - .s p a n g 1 e J Ea n n e r . " 
 
 DANCES AND PROMENADES. 
 
 1. Two-Step. "Louisiana Centennial," 
 Miss Emma Hincks. 
 
 2. Waltz, "Blue Danube," Strauss 
 Promenade, "Amaryllis," air "Louis 
 
 XV." Ghys. 
 
 4. Waltz, ".My Lady- Love." Kosey. 
 
 o. Promenade, "Last Hope." (medlta- 
 uon politique) Gottschalk. of New Ur- 
 leans. 
 
 0. Waltz, "Amoureuse." liorger 
 
 1. Promenade "Passe^Piad." (air d- 
 Danse) Gallet. 
 
 5. Waltz, "Love s Treasures," Waldtcu- 
 fel. 
 
 0. Promenade, "The Musketeers," Var- 
 ney. of Ne\v Orleans. 
 
 10. Two-Step, "Tlie Jollv General. 
 Moret. 
 
 11. Promenade, "Chacone." Durand. 
 
 12. Waltz. "Impassioned Dreams ," 
 Roc a. 
 
 13. Promenade. "Gretna Green " (scene 
 ae ballet) by Guirand, of New Orleans. 
 
 1. Two-Slop. "Thunder and Blazes." 
 Fuslck. 
 
 . l."i. Promenade, "Columbine." (minuet) 
 Delahaye. 
 
 1<5. Two-Step, "On the Levee." Hall. 
 17. Two-Step. "Stars and Stripes, 
 Forever, Sousa. 
 
 THE GALA PERFORMANCE. 
 
 French Opera Houso. F. Charlev, 
 
 Manager. 
 
 Grand Gala Performance Commemora 
 
 tive of the LouisiaiM Transfer 
 
 Centennial, Saturday. Dec. 
 
 11). 1903. at 8 p. ni. 
 
 "CARMEN." 
 
 Opera in four acts: music by Bizet: 
 words by Meilhae and Halevy: under the 
 leadership of Monsieur A. Lairye, with 
 the assistance of Mines. Brassier. Gian- 
 oli. Duperret and Mikaelly: MM Mi 
 kaelly. Monfort and Labriet. 
 
 I>-n Jose ................... M. Mikaellv 
 
 Escamillo .................. M. Montfort 
 
 Huuiga ........................ M. I.atriet 
 
 Doncaire .................. M. Montciaii- 
 
 Remenclndo .................. M, Leroux 
 
 Morales * ..................... M. Launay 
 
 Carmen ........... Miue.Bressler-Glanoll 
 
 Micoeln ........ Mine. Dupevret-Mlkaei y 
 
 Frasquila ................. Mme. 1 tartes 
 
 Mercedes .............. Mine. Demesne 
 
 Dragons, toreadors, contrebandiers, 
 cigarrieres. In the second and fourth 
 nets "Grand Ballet." directed by M. 
 O. Cammazano. Ballet Master: by Miss 
 E. Staats and the ballet corps. Alle 
 gorical tableau, apotheose. 
 
 Special performances, commemorative 
 nf the Louisiana Transfer Centennial. 
 vvill be given at the French Opera House, 
 
 Friday. Dec. IS, at 1 p.m., matinee, 
 * RIffoIetto." 
 
 Saturday, Dee. 19, 1903. at 1 p.m., 
 matinee, "La Fille de Madame Angot." 
 
 Sunday, Dec. 20, at 1 p.m., matinee, 
 "L Africaine." 
 
 Sunday, Dec. 20. 1903. at 7:30 p.m., 
 "Le Songe d uiie uuit d Ete," une couie- 
 die "I rete moi la Femme." 
 
 THE SL XDAY PROGRA3IME. 
 
 Repetition of the Transfer of 1803. 
 
 At the dose of the pjntiiicul mas*j, at 
 the. ^ i . i^uius L-titneui iii, on ounaay, uec- 
 j ^U. at or aoout 1 p.m., tlie otneers aud 
 ! liiembei s 01 tue Louisiana Historical 
 Society. uu 1 representatives of tlie 
 J rencii, fepanisn ana L rated States 
 Govej-umeuLf, ai:d aistinguisnetl guests, 
 uud tne people or New Orleans will pro 
 ceed to tne eabildo, and ir the weather 
 is propitious, there will be held a dupli 
 cation of the ceremonies which took 
 place Dec. HO, lUo, when the Province 
 ol! Loursiaii;! was transferred to the 
 L nited states by France. Should the at- 
 mo.spnericai conditions be unfavorable, 
 the ceremonies will be held iu tHo 
 bupremc Courtroom. 
 
 ine Act or Cession will be read, and 
 other documents, as will appear, iu their 
 regular order, as follows: 
 
 Treaty OL i-aris, signed April 30, 1S03, 
 by wuich France ceued Louisiana to the 
 I niteil States: "ireaty between the 
 Frei-ch liopui>iic and tue Lrated States, 
 concerning the cession of Louisiana, 
 signed at Paris tne ijittii ol April. 1803. 
 
 "The President of tae United States 
 of America, .aid the First Consul of the 
 French Kepuidie, in the name of the 
 i reneli people, desiring to remove all 
 source oi misunderstanding relative to 
 objeeis of (iiscusxio;:, mentioned in the 
 second and nitii Articles of the conven 
 tion of Mh V en.deiniarie, an 9 (30th 
 of Septcmoer. IdUOj, relative to the rights 
 claimed ty tile I nited States, in virtue 
 of tne treaty concluded at Madrid the 
 L ltii of October. li Jo, between His 
 Cathoii. Maj. Siy and the said Unitet; 
 Mates. a:.d willing to strengthen the 
 v.hion and triendship. which at the time 
 of the said convention was happily re 
 estab..sh . d between the two nations, 
 have respectively named their plenipo 
 tentiaries: to wit. the President of the 
 I nile.i .states of America, by and witia 
 tlie .. d vice and consent of the Senate ol 
 said States. Robert R. Livingston, 
 Minister Plenipotentiary of the United 
 States, and" James Monroe, Minister 
 Plenipotentiary and Envoy Extraordinary 
 of the sai.i States, n >ar the Government 
 of the French Republic; and the First 
 Consul, in the name of the French people, 
 the French cifizen Barbe Marbois, Minis 
 ter of the Public Treasury, who, after 
 having respectively exchang v d their full 
 [sowers, have agreed to the following 
 articles: 
 
 "Article 1. Whereas, by the article the 
 third of the treaty concluded at St. llde- 
 phonso. the Hth Vendemiaire. an 9 (Is . 
 October. 18nO), between the First Consul 
 of the French Republic and His Catholic 
 Ma. testy, it was agreed as follows: His 
 C. tbdic Majesty promises and engages, 
 on his nart. to retrocede to the French 
 Republic", six months after the full and 
 
.10.. 
 
 entire execution of the conditions ami 
 stipulations herein relative u> iiis Royal 
 Highness the Luke ot 1 armu. me colony 
 or province of Louisitmu, with uie same 
 extent that it now has in the hands or 
 Spain, and that it hud when France 
 possessed it; and such as it should be 
 after the treaties subsequently entered 
 into between Spain and other States. 
 And, whereas, in pursuance of the treaty, 
 and particularly of the third article, the 
 French Republic has -.in incontestable 
 title to the domain, and to the possession 
 of said territory: The First Consul o 
 the French Republic, desiring to give 
 to the United States a strong proof 01 
 his friendship, doth hereby cede to the 
 said United States, in the name of the 
 French Republic, forever and in full 
 sovereignty, the said territory, with all 
 its rights and appurtenances, as fully 
 and in the same manner as they had been 
 acquired by the French Republic in 
 virtue of the above-mentioned treat v con 
 cluded with His Catholic Majesty. 
 
 "Art. 2. In the cession made by the 
 preceding article are included the ad 
 jacent islands belonging to Louisiana, 
 all p"ublic lots and squares, vac.mt lands, 
 and all public buildings, fortifications, 
 barracks, and other edifices which are 
 not private property. The archives, 
 papers, and documents, relative to the 
 domain and sovereignty of Louisiana and 
 its dependencies, will be left ii; the 
 possession of the commissaries of tue 
 United ^States, and copies will be after 
 ward given in due form to the magis 
 trates and municipal officers of such 
 of the said papers and documents as 
 may be necessary to them. 
 
 "Art. 3. The inhabitants of the ceded 
 territory shall be incorporated in the 
 Union of the United States, and admit 
 ted as soon as possible, according to the 
 principles of the Federal Constitution, 
 to the enjoyment of all the rights, ad 
 vantages and immunities of citizens of 
 the United States: and in the meantime 
 they shall be maintained and protected 
 in the free enjoyment of their liberty, 
 property, and the religion which they 
 profess. 
 
 "Art. 4. There shall be sent by the 
 Government of France -a commissary to 
 Louisiana, to the end that he do every 
 act necessary, as well as to receive from 
 the officers of His Catholic Majesty the 
 s;;id country and its dependencies, in the 
 name of the French Republic, if it has 
 not been already done, as to transmit it 
 1 t the name of the French Republic to 
 the Commissary or agent of the United 
 States. 
 
 "Art. .". Immediately after th ratilicn- 
 tion of the present treaty by the 1 resi 
 dent of the United States, and in rase 
 dat of the First Consul shall have been 
 previously obtained, the Commissary ol 
 the French Republic shall remit all the 
 military posts of New Orleans ami other 
 parts of the ceded territory, to th" Com 
 missary or Commlfwniies named bv the 
 President to tnfco possession: th troops, 
 whether of France or Spain, who may 
 be there, shall ee-is^ to occnpv nny mili 
 tary post from the tini" of taking pos 
 session, find shnll bp embnvked n. soon 
 fl *t possible. i i th course o* three months 
 aft<T the rfitificnt rm o f this trentv. 
 
 "Art. f>. The Unitrvl States promise to 
 execute such treaties and articles as may 
 
 have been agreed between Spain iiKfl 
 tlu- tribes ami nations of Indians, until, 
 by iriutual consent of the United States 
 and the said tribes or nations, other 
 suitable articles shall have been agreed 
 upon. 
 
 ROBEKT R. LIVINGSTON. 
 
 "Art. 7. As it is reciprocally advanta 
 geous to /.he commerce of Prance and 
 the United States to encourage the com 
 munication of botih nations for a limited 
 time in the country ceded by the present 
 treatv. until general arrangements rela 
 tive to the commerce of both nations 
 may be agreed on. it has been agreed 
 between the contracting parties, that 
 the French ships coming .directly from 
 France or any of her colonies, loaded 
 only with the produce or manufactures 
 of Frarce^ >v her said colonies; and the 
 ships of Spain coming directly from 
 Spain or any of her colonies, loaded only 
 with the produce or manufactures of 
 Spain or her colonies, shall be admitted 
 during the space of twelve years in the 
 porrs of New Orleans, and in all other 
 legal ports of .entry within the ceded 
 territory in the same in-inner as the 
 ships of the United States coming directly 
 from Franr-e or Spain or any of their 
 colonies, without being subject to any 
 other or greater duty on merchandise. 
 or oth">r greater tonnage than those paid 
 by the citizens of the United States. 
 
 "Dn.riiu 11 the *nae,e of tini" above- 
 mentioned, no other nation shall have 
 n right to the same privilege in tfoe 
 ports of the cedoil territory: the twelve 
 years s^nll commence three mo-iths after 
 the exchange of ratifications, if it shall 
 1-nfc-p nlaco in France, or three months 
 jitter it shall have b^on notified nt 1 aris 
 to the French Government if it shall 
 take place i tl^> United St- t^s; it is. 
 however well understood f bat the object 
 of tli^ above article is to favor the marm- 
 fnctuVes. ef.;nmerce. fri"br. and naviga 
 tion of Fra" -e Hivl of Fnnin. *o far as 
 j.i n f s5 fo t 11 " i nnortntinn ; tlvt the 
 French mid Si>nuih shall moke into tbo 
 said norts o^ the T l ivd States withroit 
 in anv sort nffrr-tint. the re-nlations that 
 fi.o F lH^rl Stntf r-i^v ma^e r-or.cerning 
 the exportation of the produce and noer- 
 
..11. 
 
 Under 
 
 THOMAS JHFFERSON, 
 
 Presd;vicy tnj Urjked Stiies Purchased the 
 Louisiana Terr tory. 
 
 chandise of the I nited SMtr;-. 
 rijiht they may ha\e t.) make so 
 lutions. 
 
 "Art. 8. In future. and for ever after 
 th" oxp ration nf t n<> t\vei\-e yvrs. un 
 ships of Frunoc shall ic treated upon 
 the t ootin; of the ;iri^t J a-i di r.l nati >;is 
 in the ports al)ove-ineutlo*ted. 
 
 "Art. 0. The jc i-tic-i Mr no^ro itlO i 
 signed this day by the respective Minis 
 
 ers. l..;viiiii- I m its object t<> provide for 
 !iH iavnie.it or delts due to tue citizens- 
 l tue I n:te:l Stales ly the I "rench Ke- 
 .rlili-. . urior to the "nth of September, 
 VuO (Sth Vei dr-niiaire. an l>). is ap- 
 :o\-(d. ainl ui liave its execution in tne 
 :ini( Ina-.nrr a< if it had been inserted 
 :i the prese>u treaty, and it shall be 
 -i^iti. T hi the sani f o:-;u. and in the 
 ame time, so tint the one shall not b 
 atified distinct, from the other. 
 
12. 
 
 "Another particular convention, .signeo 
 *.t the same uate as the present treaty, 
 relative to the definite ruie between tne 
 contracting parties, is in the like manner 
 approved, and will be ratihed in the 
 saaie form, and in the same tune, and 
 jointly. 
 
 "Art. 10. The present treaty shall be 
 ratified in good and due form, and the 
 ratifications shall be exchanged in the 
 space of six months after the uate of tne 
 signature m- tue Ministers Plenipoten 
 tiary, or .sooner if possible. 
 
 in faith wheivot, tae respective 
 Plenipotentiaries have signed thesa 
 articles in the French and English lan 
 guages: declaring, nevertheless, that the 
 present treaty was originally agreed to 
 i;i the French language; and have t here 
 unto put their seals. 
 
 "Done at 1 aris. the tenth day ol 
 Floreal, in the eleventh year of the 
 French Republic, and the 30th of April, 
 -1 N.!i>. 
 
 "ROBERT R. LIVINGSTON , 
 "JAMES MONUOE, 
 "BARBE MAKBOIS." 
 
 The treaty having been ratified, Napol 
 eon Bonaparte, First Consul of the 
 French Republic, appointed Colonial 
 Prefect Laus..sat to (leaver possession or 
 Louisiana to the United .States. and 
 President Thomas Jefferson appointed 
 Governor William Charles Cole ciaihoriic 
 ;;ud Brigadier General James Wilkinson 
 ti> receive possession of Louisiana. 
 
 At 12 o clock, oii Dec. 20, 18015, the 
 Commissioners of the United States ap 
 peared at the Hotel tie Ville. known as 
 the Cabildo, or, the Place d Armes, in 
 the city of New Orleans, and were re- 
 ceive d in the Srila Capitular by the Com 
 missioners of France. The powers of the 
 Commissioners wer- read and the trans 
 fer of Louisiana to the Muted States, 
 with the k"vs of the city. wa.s then 
 formally made by the Commissioners of 
 the .Republic of France, and the follow- 
 Snjr proces verbal \vas signed: 
 
 I ROCES VERBAL OF THE DELI V KK 1 
 OF LOUISIANA. 
 
 "The undersigned, William C. C. Clai- 
 liorne and James Wilkinson, Commission 
 ers or Agents of the United States, 
 agreeable to the full powers they have 
 received from Thomas Je.fer.son, Presi 
 dent oi the United States, under the 
 cr.tc of t.iirty-first of October. one 
 thousand eight hundred and three, and 
 twenty-eighth year of the Independence 
 of the United States of America (eight 
 Brumalie, twelfth year of the French 
 Republic), countersigned by the Secretary 
 rf State, James Madison: and Citizen 
 Peter Clement Laussnt. Colonial Prefect 
 and Commissioner of the French Govern 
 ment, for the de ivery in the name of the 
 French Republic of the country, terri 
 tories and f*.ependencics of Louisiana to 
 the Commissioners or Agents of the 
 United States, conformably to the powers, 
 commission and special mandate which 
 he has received in the name of the 
 French people from Citizen Bonaparte, 
 First Consul, under date of the (j June. 
 1*03 (17 Prairial. eleventh year of the 
 French Republic), countersigned by the 
 Secretary of State. Hug.ua* Maret. by His 
 Excellency; the Minister of Marine and 
 Colonies Decres. do certify by these 
 
 presents, that or, this day, Tuesday, the 
 twentieth of December, oije thousand 
 eight hundred and three, of the Christian 
 era (twenty-eight Friinaire, twelfth year 
 of the French Republic), being convened 
 in the Hall of the Hotel de Ville of New 
 Orleans, accompanied OP. both sides by 
 chiefs and officers of the Army and Navy, 
 by the municipality and divers respectable 
 ( . itizei-s of their respective Republics, the 
 s.iid Wihiam C. C. Claiboihe and James 
 Wilkinson delivered to tlie said Citizen 
 Lanssat their aforesaU frill powers, by 
 which it evidently appears that full 
 powers and authority have been given 
 jointly . Hid severally to take possession 
 of r.iul to occupy the territories ceded 
 i-.y France to the United States by the 
 treaty ( o:-cl ided at PaHs on the thirtieth 
 <!ay of April last past (tentli Floreal) and 
 for that* purpose to rp}Ki-ir to the said 
 territory and there to execute ana per- 
 
 JAMK.S MU Ml De 
 
 form a .l ?uch r.cts and things touching 
 the premises as may It-* necessary for 
 fulfilling their appointments,, conform 
 able to the said Ueaty. and the laws of 
 the United States: ami th"veupon the 
 said Citizen Lauss.it declared, that in 
 virtue or and in uie terms of the powers, 
 commission ami special m.uidate dated 
 at St. Cloud the sixth day of June, on* 
 thousand eight hundred and three, of the 
 ChrLMtau Era (sevciite?enth Prairial, 
 clever- th year of the l- rench Republic! 
 l if< j)ut from that moment the said Com- 
 miss. oners of the Unite.] States in 
 possession of the country, territories and 
 dependencies of Louisiana, conformable 
 to the tirst. second, fourth and fifth 
 article* of the treaty, and the two con 
 ventions concluded and signed the 
 
thirtieth of April, oue thoiusand eight 
 hundred alia t.iree (tenth Floreal, 
 eleven t;i year of tile French Repuulic.i, 
 between liie i rench Rcpuolie aiul tue 
 Lmted Males nt America, Ijy Citizen 
 Francis Larbe Marbois. Aiinister ol: the 
 Public Treasury, and Aiessrs. Robert R. 
 Livingston and James .Monroe, .Ministers 
 Plenipotentiary of the United States, aiL 
 three furnished with full powers, of 
 which treaty and two conventions the 
 ratifications made by the rir.st Consul 
 of the French Republic on the one part, 
 and by the President of the United 
 States by and with the advice and con 
 sent of the Senate, on the other part, 
 have been exchanged and mutually re 
 ceived at the City of Washington the 
 twenty-first of October, one thousand 
 eight hundred and three (twenty-eight 
 Vendemiaire, twelfth year of the French 
 Repifblio by Citizen Louis Andre Piehon, 
 Charge d Affairs of the French Republic 
 near the United States, on the part of 
 France, and by James Madison, Secre 
 tary of Sta j of the United States, on 
 
 JAMES WILKINSON. 
 
 the part of the United State.-, according 
 to the proces verbal drawn up on tin* 
 same day: ar;d the present delivery of 
 the country is made to them raid thai 
 in conformity vsith the object of the 
 said treaty the sovereignty and property 
 of the colony or province of Louisiana, 
 may pass to the United States, under 
 the 1 same clauses and conditions as it 
 had been coded by Spain to France, i;i 
 virtue of the treaty concluded at S. 
 Ildefonso on the first <>f October, one 
 thousand eiirht hun.lred (nine Ver.de- 
 minire. ninth year) between these two 
 last powers, which has .since received its 
 execution by the actual re-entrance or 
 the French Republic into possession of 
 the said cclony or province. 
 
 "And the said Citizen Laussat has in 
 consequence, at this present time de 
 livered to the nid Commissioners of the 
 United States in this public setting, the 
 
 keys of the city of Xew Orleans, declar 
 ing that he discharges from the oaths of 
 fidelity toward tae French Republic tlie 
 citizens and inhabitants of Louisiana 
 who shall choose to remain under the 
 dominion of the United States. 
 
 "And that it may forever appear, tae 
 undersigned have .signed the proces ver 
 bal of this important and solemn act. 
 in tlie French and Euiilish languages, 
 and have sealed it with their seals, and 
 have caused it to be countersigned by 
 their Secretaries of Commission, the day. 
 month and year above written. 
 
 "LAUSSAT, 
 
 "Le Secretaire de la Commission clu 
 Gouvt. Fivmcais. 
 
 "Par le Prefet Colonial Commissaire, 
 "DAUGEROT. 
 "W. C. C. CLAIi .ORNE. 
 "JAMES WILKINSON. 
 "P.y Order of the Commissioners on the 
 
 Part of the United States, 
 "D. WADSWOR III, 
 "Secretary of the American Com 
 mission." 
 
 After the proces verbal had been signed. 
 Governor William Charles Cole Claibonie 
 then addressed the assembly: 
 
 ADDRESS OF GOVERNOR WILLIAM 
 CHARLES COLE CLAIBOK-NE. 
 
 "Fellow Citizens of Louisiana: On the 
 great and interesting event now hualiy 
 consummated an event so advantageous 
 to yourselves, and so glorious to united 
 America 1 cannot forbear offering you 
 my warmest congratulations. The wise 
 policy of the Consul of France has, by 
 ilie cession of Louisiana to the United. 
 States, secured to you a connection be 
 yond the reach of change, and to your 
 posterity the sure inheritance of freedom. 
 The American people receive you as. 
 brothers, and will hasten to extend ta 
 you a participation in those inestimable 
 rights which have formed the oasis of 
 their own unexampled prosperity. Under 
 the a.uspices of the American Govern 
 ment. vou may confidently rely upon the 
 security of your liberty, your properly, 
 and the religion of your choice. 1 ou 
 may, with equal certainty, rest assured 
 that your commerce will be promoted, 
 and your agriculture cherished; in a 
 word, that your true interests will be 
 among the primary objects of our 
 National Legislature. In return for these 
 benefits, the United States will be amply 
 remunerated, if your growing attachment 
 to ti^e Constitution of our country, and 
 your veneration for the principles on 
 whicn it is founded, be duly proportioned 
 to the blessings which they will confer. 
 Among your first duties, therefore, you 
 should cultivate with assiduity among 
 yourselves the advancement of political 
 information; you should guide the rising 
 iieneration in tlu> paths of republican 
 economy and virtue: you should en 
 courage" literature: for without the ad 
 vantages of education, your descendants 
 will be unable to appreciate the intrinsic 
 worth >f the Government transmitted 
 to them. 
 
 "As for myself, fellow citizen, accept 
 ,1 sincere assurance that during my con 
 tinuance in the situation in which the 
 President of the United States has been- 
 
.14 
 
 pleased to place me, every exertion will 
 i>e made on uiy part to foster your inter 
 nal happiness, and forward your general 
 welfare; for it is o::ly by such meftr.s 
 tl uT 1 can secure to myself the approi a 
 tTou of those groat and just men wiio 
 preside in the councils of our nation." 
 
 The Commissioners then went to the 
 balcony of the Cabildo, and on their ap 
 pearance the French flag was lowered 
 and the American Hag hoisted, \\lien 
 they met half way a gun was fired as 
 a signal, and Immediately the land bat- 
 t - ries began their discharges, which were 
 responded to by the armed vessels in 
 the ri\;-r. 
 
 The following proclamation was made: 
 
 PROCLAMATION OF GOVERNOR 
 CLAIBORNE. 
 
 "By His Excellency William C. C. Clai- 
 borne, Governor of the Mississippi Ter 
 ritory, exercising the powers of Gover 
 nor General and Intendant of the 
 Province of Louisiana. 
 
 "Whereas, By stipulations between tho 
 Governments of Fiance and Spain, the 
 latter ceded to the former the colony 
 and province of Louisiana, with the same 
 extent which it had at the date of the 
 above mentioned treaty in the hands of 
 Spain, and that it had when France 
 possessed it, and such as it ought to 
 be after the treaties subsequently entered 
 into between Spain and other States: 
 mid, wnereas. the Government of 
 France has ceded the .same to the United 
 States tT.v a treaty duly ratified, and 
 bearing date of 3uth of April, in the 
 present year, r.nd the possession of said 
 colony and province is now in the United 
 States, according to the tenor of the last 
 mentioned treaty; and, whereas, the Con 
 gress of the United States, on the 31st 
 day of October, in the present year, did 
 enact that until the expiration of the 
 session of Congress rhen sitting (unless 
 provisions for the temporary government 
 of the said Territories be sooner made 
 by Congress), all the military, civil and 
 judicial powers, exercised by the then 
 existing Government of the same, shall 
 be vested in such person or persons, and 
 .shall be exercised in such manner, as the 
 President of the United States shall 
 direct, for tha maintaining and protect 
 ing the inhabitants of Louisiana in the 
 free enjoyment of their liberty, property 
 and religion: and the President of the 
 United rotates has, by his commission, 
 bearing the date the same 31st day of 
 October, invested me with all the 
 powers, and charged me with the several 
 duties "heretofore held and exercised 
 by the Governor General and Intendant 
 of the province. 
 
 "1 have, therefore, thought fit to issue 
 this my proclamation, making known 
 the premises, and to declare that the 
 Government heretofore exercised over 
 the said province of Louisiana, as well 
 as under the authority of Span as of 
 the French Republic, has ceased, and 
 That of the United States of America i.s 
 established over the same; that the in 
 habitants thereof will be Incorporated 
 in the Union of the United States; that, 
 in the meantime, they shall be main 
 tained and protected in the free enjoy 
 ment of their liberty, property and the 
 religion which they profess: that all 
 
 laws and municipal regulations which 
 were in existence at the cessation of 
 tr.e !.;te Government remain in full 
 iorce; and that ail ci\il officers charged 
 with their execution, except those whose 
 powers have been especially vested in 
 me. and except also such officers as have 
 been intrusted with the collection of 
 tlie revenue, are continued in their 
 functions, during the pleasure of the 
 Governor for the time being, or until 
 provision shall otherwise be made. 
 
 "And I do hereby exhort and enjoin 
 all the inhabitants and other persons 
 within the said province to be faithful 
 and true in their allegiance to the United 
 States, and obedient to the laws and au 
 thorities of the same, under full assur 
 ance that their just rights will be under 
 the guardianship of the United States, 
 and will be maintained from all force 
 or violence from without or within. 
 
 "In testimony whereof I have hereunto 
 set my hand. Given at the city of Mew 
 Orleans the 20th day of December, 1803, 
 and of the independence of the United 
 States of America, the 28th. . 
 
 "W. C. C. CLA1BOKNE." 
 
 PROCES VERBAL OF THE CENTEN 
 NIAL CELEBRATION. 
 
 On the 19th day of December, 1903. the 
 Centennial of the transfer of Louisiana 
 by France to the United States, a com 
 memorative meeting of the citizens of 
 this parish was held at the Courthouse, 
 in the presence of the officials of the 
 parish. 
 
 After reading the foregoing historical 
 documents, the proclamation of His 
 Excellency the Governor, and hearing pat 
 riotic addresses, the American flag was 
 hoisted. 
 
 The undersigned, parochial officers and 
 citizens, as a record of the Centennial 
 celebration in this parish, have signed 
 this pVoces verbal, and deposited the 
 same with th,^ records of the parish. 
 
 Done at - this 19th day of 
 
 December. 1903. an.cl of the independence 
 of the United States, the one hundred 
 and twenty-eighth year. 
 
 THE ABOVE PROCES VERBAL 
 
 is to be signed by the officers of parishes 
 in Louisiana in which the transfer will 
 be commemorated, and a similar docu 
 ment will also be prepared for signatures 
 by the persons participating in the com 
 memorative ceremonies at the Cabildo. 
 
 List of Curiosities in the Colonial 
 
 Museum in Charge of Mr. 
 
 Caspar Cnsachs. 
 
 1. Flag given by the ladies of New 
 Orleans to General Jackson after the 
 battle of Jan. S, 1813. 
 
 2. Drum of Jordan Noble, who was 
 Jackson s drummer. 
 
 3. Medal presented to Noble, by Jack 
 son. The inscription is: "Presented to 
 Jordan B. Noble, Jan. 8, 1817, by Jack- 
 
,.1. 
 
 GOV. W. C. C. CLAIBORNE, 
 The First American Governor of Louisiana, 1804=1816. 
 
 sou, as a token of respect for the veteran 
 soldier." On the reverse is a spirited en 
 graving of the Battle of New Orleons. 
 
 4. Panopy of ancient firearms and 
 swords, including Galvcz s sword; goin- 
 tacrusted kiiife of Herr.ard de Marigny; 
 sword and scabbard of General I). 15. 
 Morgan: sword of Captain Edgar Romcin : 
 flint-lock pistol found on the battle field 
 of New Orleans in 1S1.V, pistol of -lean 
 Noel Destrehan USU3) : sword said to 
 have belonged to Governor Clalborne; 
 dueling pistols, and several other quaint 
 and obsolete weapons. 
 
 5. Collection of flints found on the 
 b^ach near Chinchnba. Tangipahoa 
 Parish, La. 
 
 0. A French Market scenr. by Clague. 
 a 1111111116 painting showing Guei in and 
 
 one of his pals drinking coffee at Kose 
 Nicaud s stand. Guerin was a famous 
 outlaw fifty or more years ago. 
 
 7. Water color street scene on Chartres 
 Street, between Customhouse and Bieiv 
 viMe. fifty years agu. 
 
 *. Prim, showintr north siae of Canal 
 Street, between Royal and Bourbon; 
 Ju.dah rouro s residence and store; the 
 Second Presbyterian Church. 
 
 9. An aqua fortis. by Wickstrom, 
 "Courtyard;" Royal Street. 
 
 10. Commission of Jean Michel Murat 
 signed by Napoleon. 
 
 11. Portrait of Lafayette. 
 
 12. General Jackson s drum-major; 
 portrait painted in 1820. 
 
 "I.",. Mir-iature of Fere Antoine. 
 14. Miniature of Judah Touro. 
 
15. Miniature of Henry Clay. 
 
 lt>. Miniature of Geneial Jackson. 
 
 17. Miniature of Napoleon. 
 
 18. Miniature of Washington. 
 
 ID. Miniature of the lirst French Con 
 sul. New Orleans. 1804. 
 
 20. Proclamation, by O Reilly, Sept. -i, 
 176l>, regulating the number and hours 
 of taverns. 
 
 21. Proclamation of President Thomas 
 Jefferson calling the Congress of the 
 United States to meet Oct. 17, 1803, tr> 
 consider matters relating to the pur 
 chase of Louisiana. 
 
 22. Pass .i-nd portrait of John B. 
 Noble. Jackson s dr immer. (This pass 
 was issued by the North, Central and 
 South Amerk in Exposition, to Noble, in 
 1884-85). 
 
 23. Tobacco knife used by the Spanish 
 coloiiists. 
 
 30. Plan of the proposed town of Ver 
 sailles, below New Oriels, and of the 
 DelaionJe I lantation, i-. -t. Bernard 
 Parish. 
 
 31. Letter of Governor CaKier. of Mis 
 sissippi, in IMi-l. r- laihe to fugitives 
 from justice from Mississippi to Mobile. 
 
 32. Commission of Governor G .iyoso de 
 Lemos. 
 
 33. Commission of Governor D Abadie. 
 
 34. Commission of (Governor G.ilvez. 
 
 35. The title of the Louisiana Territory 
 to Timi.alier Island at the mouth o 
 Eayou Lafourche. in .St. Bernard Bay, 
 by Governor Caror.dclet. Feb. 25, 17 Jij. 
 
 3b . iitle of tiie Territory of Louisiana 
 to Caiilonx Island by Governor Estebea 
 Miro, Feb. . 1788. 
 
 37. Pass issued by M.tyor Macarty. ot 
 New Orleans to Mrs. Joachim Oserno, 
 wife of thf (;f>venior of East Florida, to 
 
 C. F. CLAIIiORNK. 
 Grandson of Governor Claibon 
 
 25. Collection of lithographic views of 
 cities, towns and landings _on the Mis 
 sissippi and Ohio Rivers, 17UU. 
 
 2U. Letter of Governor Miro to the 
 Commissioners of Georgia relative to the 
 escape of certain malefactors. 
 
 27. B!il and receipt of the Proctor 
 family to Geseral Beauregard, for the 
 sale of the site for Fort Proctor, in ISou, 
 to the United States Government. 
 
 28. Confidential letter of Gaines, to 
 Secretary of War. recommending the 
 purchase of the siie at Proctor. 
 
 29. Miscellaneous documents relating 
 to th" year of purchase. 1803, with sig 
 nature of W. C. C. Cla-.borne and others. 
 
 24. Constitution of the New Orleans 
 IHble Society, 1813. 
 
 C. DE B. CLAIBORXK. 
 
 Great-Grandson of Governor Claiborne. 
 
 cross the lake (Pontchartraln) with her 
 fami.y an.d slaves, on her way to i ensa- 
 cola. 
 
 38. Miscellaneous papers of General D. 
 B. Morg.in, 1815. 
 
 30. Various edicts of the Frencll 
 Crowr,, 1717-175:,. 
 
 4ii. Rules an.l reu ulations for soiling 
 vessels from France to the \\"e;t indies, 
 and to New Orleans. 
 
 41. Edict ord- rin-- jiayin Mit of debts, 
 due the colony of Louisiana by the 
 "Conipngnie des Indes." 
 
 42. 1 ro es verlal. Det ore a notary In 
 France, of the leath of Governor Aubry, 
 w!io was drowr.ed ..it sea 0:1 his return 
 to France. 
 
..17. 
 
 43. Collection of autograph letters or 
 Galvcz, Miro, De Lemos, ikilcedo, etc., 
 Spaiusn v,o\criior.s ui Louisiana. 
 
 44. r lnc "Black Code" of 18u5. 
 
 4o. Cupping fiom L Abeile cle la Nou- 
 velle Orleans, Jan. 22, 1822, relative to 
 the funeral ui Padre Antonio de Sedella. 
 
 40. JL oi.tiLul budges, of silk, with por 
 traits ot Henry Ciay, Jaaies j-v. Poll; 
 and General L,ewis Cass. 
 
 4f. Memorial uauge of the unveiling oi ! 
 Clay otatue, I8i.0. 
 
 48. Badge ot the Louisiana volunteers 
 in the Mexican War, 1840, inscribed, 
 "We Answered." 
 
 40. l\vo colonial coins found four feet 
 underground, uJi Royal Street, while 
 laying conuuits. 
 
 50. Commission of Don Francisco 
 Maxeu t, Captain of the nrst regiment 
 o-; militia organized in this city under 
 Spanisn nomination in 17YO. 
 
 51. Views of the\old Parish 1 rison. 
 
 52. Code of Laws of O Reiliy, the first 
 law book published in French in .New 
 Orleahs, Nov. 25, 17bO. 
 
 53. The "Black Code," O Reilly, May 
 14, l i i. 
 
 54. Proclamation of Laussat. Colonial 
 Prefect, Nov. ^0, 1803, when the colony 
 was transferred by Spain to I 1 ranee, 
 twenty days before the transfer from 
 l<.i-uii<.ti to tlie United States. 
 
 55. Proclamation of Laussat, Colonial 
 Prefect, on the .day of the transfer from 
 France to the United States. 
 
 50. Book of travels of Kev. Laval, a 
 Jesuit, 1<22. 
 
 57. i ortrait of Charles Gayarre, the 
 historian. 
 
 58. I ortrait of Etieune de Bore, first 
 French Mayor of New Orleans. 
 
 50. I ortrait of Pere Antoiue. 
 
 70. I ortrait of Don Andres Almonaster 
 y Koxas, loander of the St. Louts Cathe 
 dral. 
 
 71. I ortrait of Father Dagobert, an 
 cient reel or of the Cathedral. 
 
 72. Copy oi the "Moniteur de La 
 Louisiane" containing news about the 
 transfer of the colony. 1802-03. 
 
 7, 5. Oil painting of Commodore Rous- 
 seau. who commanded the Naval Corps 
 which took part i.i Galvez s expeditious 
 agah-.st the English. 
 
 74. Commission of Commodore Rous- 
 sean, signed by the King of Spain. 
 
 75. Inventory, showing that the total 
 value of property transferred by France 
 to Snniu hi this colony in 1(70 was 
 $200,000. 
 
 7(i. Judgment decreeing the confiscation 
 of the properties of the Jesuits in Louisi- 
 <n>;i in 17tiM. 
 
 77. Diary of the Intendant of Bienvlllc, 
 at Fort St Louis, Mobile, 1722. 
 
 78. List of officers, and names of 
 soldiers in Louisiana at the time of the 
 cession in 1.S03. 
 
 70 Plan of the Mississippi River, from 
 Natchez to Eaton Rouge, and from Baton 
 ]?on<rp to New Orleans, with names of 
 all planters on each side of the river, 
 
 SO. Sword of Zachary Taylor, presented 
 to General Taylor after the Mexican 
 War, by Congress. It is a most valuable 
 relic, worth $2">. 000. 
 
 81. Gold medal voted by Congress to 
 General Zachary Taylor in recognition 
 of his services in the Mexican War. 
 
 82. Copy of proclamation issued by 
 Laussat. Colonial Prefect of France. LJ 
 1803. 
 
 83. From Hon. B. R. Forman, a number 
 of .are old uooks relating lu the can.- 
 aays of tne American colony, and also 
 to rue reconstruction period* in Louis-i 
 mm. 
 
 5i. From Mr. Henry Vignaud, formerly 
 oj. New Orleans, and at piesent Secretary 
 o ihe American Legation in Paris, copy 
 of a work entitled, "La Route des indes. 
 indications que Tosca nelli aurait fout- 
 uies a Christuphe Colomb." 
 
 85. From lion. W. H. Seymour, a batch 
 ot interesting doc :.u ents: An act ol 
 emancipation of a ssiave, signed, by Ker 
 lerec. i- reuch Go.ernor of the State or 
 Louisiana, Jan. 20, 17U1; petition for 
 emannipation adtuessed to the Kiug b- 
 Council, approved uy Lalremere, Attor-- 
 ney General, and dated Feb. 10, 1700. 
 
 80. Transcript of documents on tile- 
 in the archh es of the Minister of the 
 Colonies ill Paris. France, which trans 
 cript was made by M. Tantet. Secretary 
 of the Archives, specially lor the Louisi 
 ana Historical Society, at the request ol 
 Prof. Fortier, who. while on a visit U 
 faris, in 1000, arranged for the copy 
 of the documents relating to the historu. 
 epoch of 1803. The documents com 
 prised in this handsome, and very ornate 
 volume, gilt top, of 4iO parchment page*.,, 
 relate to Louisiana, the events of I80c, 
 retrocession by Spain to France and ce^ 
 sion by France to the United States. On-: 
 of the documents, dated April 0. 180^ . 
 is an address, signed by the citizens oi 
 New Orleans, to Mr. Laussat. the Colon 
 ial Prefect. The citizens express thek 
 joy at being once more under the Frencu 
 domination, and assure the Prefect, thav 
 thirty-four years of a foreign regime have 
 not weakened in their hearts their love 
 for the mother country. Among the 
 names of those ancient inhabitants of 
 New Orleans are the following, whose 
 descendants are still living here: Michel 
 Fortier, Michel Fortier, Jr., (the former 
 being great-grandfather of Prof. Alcee 
 Fortier), Henri Fortier, Joseph Faurie, 
 J. De Buys, C. B. Dufour, A. Pey- 
 tavin. Cavelier. Sr., Paul Lanusse. Jean 
 Archinard, Stephen Zacharie, F. Duples- 
 sis, Lefebvre, J. B. Dejean, N. Bomious- 
 (juie, Lillie Sarpy, J. Soule, F. Jacob, 
 l i(>rre Hardy, Joseph Gravier, Antonio 
 Jung, J. Dueornanx, F. Girod. C. 
 Boutte, J. C. Verrett, R. J. Ducros, 
 Ktienne Trepagnier. Armand Magnon. P. 
 Cnzelar, J. Livaudais, 1 . Millet. L. Der- 
 bigny, H. Bernard, E. Planche, H. 
 Pi.sei-os. Francois Blache. P. Dejan. B. 
 Durel. Charles Parent, mid many others. 
 
 87. Papers and documents belonging to 
 the Soniat-Dufossat family, comprising, 
 among others, the manuscript of a synop 
 sis of the history of Louisiana from the 
 beginning of the Colony to the end of 
 the year JY91, by the Chevalier Guy 
 Sonia t Du Fossat. officer of the French 
 Army, who came to New Orleans in 1751, 
 and was the founder of the American 
 branch of the Souiat family. This manu 
 script was translated by Hon. Charles 
 T. Soniat. a descendant of the Chevalier, 
 and the translation was published by Mr. 
 Soniat at his own expense, and donateii 
 to the Louisiana Historical Society. 
 
 Collection of Win. II. Seymour, Algiers,. 
 La.: 
 
Autographs of the- Presidents of the 
 United states, from \\ asnington to 
 Roosevelt: Chas. Carroll, signer of the 
 Declaration t Independence; JLaiayette, 
 Mr. ar.d Mrs. Jefferson Davis, 18(2-i892 s 
 all under yi^ss fiaine. 
 
 Autogiophs of the Governors of Louisi 
 ana, tror.i Bienville. (1700) to Heard; 
 French, Spanish. American and Military. 
 Patent from James Monroe, President 
 of the I nited States, to John MeDoiiogn, 
 lot on Conde Street, now 1201 Chartres, 
 corner of Hospital Street, 7th of August, 
 1821. 
 
 President s commission, signed by 
 George WushlvQton, dated May 30, 17915. 
 War letter signed by Louis XIV, King 
 of France, after whom Louisiana was 
 named, dated 5th of August, 1676, coun 
 tersigned by Phelypeaux, Count ot 
 I oritehartrain, Minister and Chancellor 
 of France. 
 
 Commission signed by Louis XVI, 
 March 6, 1658. 
 
 Commission signed by Louix XVI, Jan. 
 13, 1775. 
 
 St. Louis Cathedral. 1794. 
 Battle of New Orleans, rare old print, 
 1817. 
 
 Jackson s last letter (original) prior to 
 the battle Jan. 7, 1815; letters and books 
 with his autograph. 
 
 Cannon balls and shells found years ago 
 at Chalmette. 
 
 Oil paintings, Lafitte s home at Bara- 
 taria. Lake Pontchartiain, "In the Land 
 of Evangeline," Pere Antoine, Plans of 
 New Orleans, 1719, 1728, 1744. 1798. 
 
 Grant, Lincoln and Jefferson Davis, 
 photos, with letters and autographs. 
 
 "Le Chretien en Solitude," a book used 
 in this edifice in 1737. 
 
 Old Spanish vase dug from the founda 
 tion of Fort Burgundy, Rampart and 
 Iberville Streets. 
 
 Ulster Comity Gazette. New York. 3800; 
 The Telegraphe, New Orleans, La., Nov. 
 9. 180,5.. 
 
 Slave sale, by John Roo.sevelt. Ne\v 
 York. 5tli of April, 1796. 
 
 Slave sale in New Orleans, and Sheriff s 
 moration, 1826. 
 
 State and city tax receipts, 1807, 1814, 
 1815. 
 
 Autograph copy signatures of members 
 of the Secession Convention of Louisi 
 ana. January. 1861. 
 
 The Superior Council of France in 
 Louisiana, 1769. 
 
 PROF. FORTIER S HISTORICAL EX 
 HIBIT. 
 
 Portrait of Colonel Michel Fortier 
 (1750-1819). 
 
 Portrait of his wife, Marie Rose Durel, 
 and little daughter. 
 
 Commission of Michel Fortier as Cap 
 tain of Artillery, signed by Charles 111, 
 of Spain. 
 
 Commission of Michel Fortier as Cap 
 tain of Artillery, signed by Laussat, Col 
 onial Prefect. 
 
 Portrait of Colonel Alexandre La 
 Branche, who commanded a regiment in 
 the campaign of 1814-1815. and was a 
 signer of the first Constitution of the 
 State of Louisiana. 
 
 Curious watch of the eighteenth cen 
 tury which belonged to the wife of Col 
 onel La Branche. 
 
 Miniature portraits of Valcour Airne, 
 pioneer in refining sugar in Louisiana, 
 and his wile. Josephine Roman. 
 
 Colonel Fortier was born in New Or 
 leans in 1Y50. His father was a wealthy 
 merchant and one of the signers of the 
 protest against Ulloa s decree about com 
 merce in 1756. Colonel Fortier took part 
 in the campaigns of Galvez against the 
 British trom 1779 to 1781. and was re 
 warded by being appointed by the King 
 a Captain of Artillery in the Louisiana 
 Militia. He was lor several years a mem 
 ber of the Spanish Cabildo, and was ap 
 pointed by Laussat. on Dec. 30, 1803, a 
 member of the Municipal Council of New 
 Orleans. He remained in office under the 
 American domination until 1805. He rose 
 to the rank of Colonel in the militia of 
 Louisiana, and rendered great service 
 during the campaign of 1814 and 1815. 
 His son, Colonel Michel Fortier, Jr., was 
 aid-de-camp to Governor Claiborne, and 
 took part in the battle of New Orleans. 
 Colonel Michel Fortier, Sr., was a ship 
 owner, merchant and sugar planter, and 
 was noted for his philanthropy. He died 
 in 1819. His second son, Edward, a sugar 
 planter of St. Charles Parish, man-led a 
 daughter of Colonel Alexandre La 
 Branche. One of his sons. Florent For 
 tier. married a daughter of Valcour 
 Aime, the distinguished sugar planter 
 and philanthropist of St. James Parish. 
 He was a man of culture and a writer 
 of graceful French poetry. He was the 
 fatuer of Prof. Alcee Fortier. the Presi 
 dent of the Louisiana Historical Society, 
 and the uncle of Captain Michel Y. 
 Fortier. of Battery C, Louisiana Field 
 Artillery. Edmond, one of the brothers 
 of Florent. Fortier, was also a cultured 
 gentleman. He was the maternal grand 
 father of James M. Augustin, a member 
 of the Louisiana Historical Society, and 
 of the staff of the Picavune. 
 
 FROM DR. C. H. TEBAULT. 
 
 Passport issued to Christopher Hall, 
 of Norfolk. Va., in 1826, from the United 
 States Government. Mr. Hall was dele 
 gated to go to Paris, France, to take in- 
 fonration to General Lafayette of the 
 death of Thomas Jefferson and John 
 Adams. Mr. Hall brought back a letter 
 from Lafayette to General Taylor, a copy 
 of which letter is also exhibited. Mr. 
 Hall was Dr. Tebault s grandfather. 
 
 First copies of the second edition of 
 Jefferson s "Notes on the State of Vir 
 ginia," published in 1801. 
 
 Picture of the old Tinsley homestead 
 in Richmond, Va., also mourning badges 
 worn bv members of the Virginia Legis 
 lature, of which Thomas Tinsley (great 
 grandfather of Mrs. Tebault) was a mem 
 ber. 
 
 THE DE THULSTRUP PAINTING. 
 
 From de Thulstrup, of New York, the 
 celebrated painter of military scenes, 
 there is exhibited a large painting repre 
 senting the scene of the Louisiana Trans 
 fer. The artist came to New Orleans last 
 3 ear expressly to study the locality of the 
 great event. Mr. T. P. Thompson, of the 
 Louisiana Historical Society, has secured 
 this exhibit for the Colonial Museum. 
 
,.19.. 
 
 THE PICAYUNE 
 
 BORN IN THE EARLY PART OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY 
 
 AND KEEPING STEP WITH THE CITY S PROGRESS, 
 
 IT HAS A PLACE IN THIS CENTENNIAL 
 
 COMMEMORATION. 
 
 At a meeting of the Louisiana His 
 torical Committee oil Commemoration 
 of the Louisiana Transfer it was re 
 solved that nothing less than fifty 
 years old would be given space in the 
 Historical and Colonial Museum. 
 Under the rules, therefore, THE 
 PICAYUNE, which is seventeen 
 years older than half a century, has 
 been admitted into the Exhibit in the 
 Arckiepiscopal Palace, and its first 
 numbers occupy a prominent niche 
 among the interesting reminders of 
 the City s youth. 
 
 It is, with the exception of the 
 French daily, "L Abeille," the oldest in 
 Louisiana. It shares with "L Abeille" 
 -and the Deutsche Zeituug the honor of 
 being the only publication which sur 
 vived the Civil War. THE PICA 
 YUNE wes founded in January, 1837, 
 by George Wilkins Kendall and Fran 
 cis Lumsden, two practical printers. 
 The paper was, at first a four-page 
 folio, with four columne to the page. 
 It was so successful that it was found 
 necessary, within a few months, to 
 enlarge the sheet, and it continued !o 
 grow until it has reached its present 
 dimensions. The present site has 
 been occupied since 1847. After the 
 death of Mr. Lumsden. who was 
 drowned in Lake Erie in 1800. Mr. 
 Kendall continued the publication of 
 THE PICAYUNE with Messrs. Hoi- 
 brook and P>ullitt. Upon the death of 
 Mr. Kendall in 3807, Mr. Holbrook ac 
 quired the sole control. He died in 
 1870, and his widow, whose maiden 
 name was Eliza Jane Poitevent. 
 known to the world of letters as the 
 sweet Southern poet. "Pearl Rivers," 
 took charge of the paper and managed 
 it successfully, with the assistance of 
 Mr. George Nicholson, a man of ex 
 
 ceptionally fine business talents, who 
 had been business manager of THE 
 PiCAYUNE for many years. In 
 1878, Mr. Nicholson and Mrs. Hol- 
 >brook were married, and the firm 
 name became Nicholson fc Co. Mr, 
 Nicholson died in February, 189G, and 
 within ten days, his wife followed 
 him to the grave. Side by side they 
 sleep in Metairie Cemetery. THE 
 PICAYUNE is now managed under 
 the title of "Estate of Mrs. E. J. 
 Nicholson," in the interest of her two 
 sons, Leonard K., and Yorke P. 
 Nicholson. 
 
 THE PICAYUNE has had a most 
 eventful history during its long exis 
 tence of sixty-seven years. Mr. Ken 
 dall brought the paper into great 
 celebrity during the Mexican War, 
 representing it in the field with the 
 army of invasion, and thus being en 
 titled to the honor of being the first 
 of the now numerous tribe of war cor 
 respondents. He succeeded, by 
 means of a pony express, in getting 
 news to THE PICAYUNE, and 
 through it to the world, in advance of 
 even the Government dispatches. 
 Mrs. Nicholson s management of the 
 paper was exceptionally brilliant, and 
 she is entitled to the honor of having 
 been the first woman in the world 
 who successfully managed a great 
 daily. The recent enterprise of THE 
 PICAYUNE, equipped as it is with 
 the most modern and improved mn- 
 chinery that science has devised for 
 newspaper production, has been wor 
 thy of its early fame. During the 
 great and disastrous storm at OhCn- 
 iere Caminada. in 1803. it was not 
 only the first to give the full news of 
 the catastrophe, hut chartered a 
 steamboat to send food and clothing 
 
- 20.. 
 
 supplies to the sufferers. It touk the | 
 initiative in New Orleans in providing 
 and securing subscriptions for the suf 
 ferers of the late great disaster at 
 Galveston, helped to organize the 
 ladies of the city into a relief associa 
 tion and sent money, clothes and medi 
 cine valued nt $50,000 to the relief of 
 the storm-stricken people. 
 
 During the recent war with Spain 
 ii wtis represented in the Held by two 
 staff correspondents, a:id by alliance 
 with the New York Herald secured 
 unrivaled special cable service. In 
 the midst of all the changing events 
 of more than sixty years, THE PICA 
 YUNE has appeared regularly every 
 morning except during the year 18(54. 
 M hen, for a brief period, the offices 
 were in the hands of the military au 
 thorities and the publication was sus 
 pended. In addition to the Daily, 
 THE PICAYUNE issues a Twice a- 
 Week edition, and annually at Mardi- 
 Gras publishes several beautifully il 
 lustrated editions, known far and wide 
 as the "Carnival Editions." Within 
 the past ten years THE PICAYUNE 
 has devott d itself sedulously to educa 
 ting the South in the importance of 
 building cotton mills in the regions 
 where the staple is produced. In this 
 crusade it has. at large expense, sent 
 
 members of its staff to various parts 
 of the Union, and especially to North 
 Carolina and New England, to study 
 the milling enterprises, which havo 
 been so successful there. Entirely at 
 its own cost THE PICAYUNE sent 
 Mr. Hargrove, one of these correspon 
 dents, to deliver addresses in Miss 
 issippi and Louisiana, setting forth 
 the result of his investigations. THE 
 PICAYUNE reprinted the articles and 
 letters of those correspondents in two 
 pamphlets,., of which more than 45.000 
 copies were distributed, free, through 
 out the South. Nothing can be more- 
 gratifying to THE PICAYUNE than 
 the appreciation of its efforts in its 
 home city. It may interest the tour 
 ist to know thsit THE PICAYUNE 
 derives its name from an old Spanish 
 coin called "picayon," which was in 
 circulation in New Orleans in the 
 early part of the century. Its valua 
 tion was about 6 1-4 cents. The price 
 of the paper when originally published 
 was a picayune. The five cent that 
 superceded the Spanish under Ameri 
 can coinage was designated by the 
 Creoles as a picayune. The term, so 
 picturesque and quaint, is still heard 
 frequently in New Orleans among 
 buyers and sellers in the old French 
 Quarter. 
 
 THE CELEBRATED CELEBRATING 
 
 SOCIETY. 
 
 History of tlie Louisiana, Histor 
 ical Society. 
 
 The Louisiana Historical Society was 
 established on Jan. 15, 1836, and its 
 first President was Judge Henry A. Bul- 
 lard. The secretaries were Mr. Harrison 
 and Mr. Louis Jauin; ai:d among the 
 officers were: Porter, Martin, Roman, 
 Canonge and Barton. Among the mem 
 bers were: Gray, Clapp, Eustis, Mc- 
 Caleh, Ingalls, Winthrop, Rost, Watts, 
 Deblienx and Leonard. 
 
 In 1846 the Society was organized by 
 the following gentlemen: John Perkins, 
 .T. D. B. DeEow, Edmund J. Forstnll, 
 Charles Gaj/arre. General Joseph Walk 
 er and Alfred Hennen. The celebrated 
 jurist and historian, Francois Xavier 
 Martin was elected President. He died 
 in. December, 1846. The following year 
 the Society was incorporated and Judge 
 Henry A. Billiard was elected President, 
 
 and John Perkins and J. D. B. DeBow, 
 Secretaries. 
 
 By an act of the Legislature in 1860 
 it was decreed that, "in the event of a 
 dissolution of the Historical Society, all 
 books, maps, records, manuscripts and 
 collections shall revert to the State, 
 for the use of the State Library." Judge 
 Gayarre was elected President in 1800, 
 and for seventeen years the Society was 
 dormant, because of the Civil War and 
 its consequences. In April, 1877, a 
 new charter was obtained from the 
 Legislature, and the domicile of the 
 Society was transferred from Baton 
 Rouge to New Orleans. The incorpora- 
 tors in 1S77 were: Charles Gayarre, 
 Francis T. Xicholls, Louis A. Wiltz, 
 Robert M. Lusher, E. T. Merrick, W. 
 W. Howe, George W. Cable, B. J. Sage, 
 H. B. Magnifier, William Walker, F. S. 
 Richardson, Joseph A. Quintero, George 
 A. Pike, Alexander Dimitry and J. Dick- 
 son Bruns, of New Orleans: William B. 
 Eagan, F. C. Blanchard and F. J. Al- 
 cocke, of the Parish of Caddo; D. C. 
 
21 
 
 PROF. A. FORTIEll, 
 
 President Louisiana Historical Society. 
 
 Montan and J. M. Williams, of the Par 
 ish of East Baton Rouge. 
 
 The object of the Society, as stated 
 in the act of 1877, is: "The collecting 
 and preserving facts, documents, records, 
 memorials, relating to the national, 
 aboriginal and civil history of the State." 
 In 1888 Judge Gayarre resigned the 
 presidency, which he had held for twen 
 ty-eight years, and Judge \Y. W. Howe 
 -succeeded Judge Gayarre as President 
 and remained in office until 1S!>4, when 
 the following officers were elected: Pres 
 ident, Prof. Alcee Fortier; First Vice- 
 President, Miss Grace King; Second Vice 
 President, Dr. Gustave Devron; Secic- 
 tary and Treasurer, Prof. John R. Fick- 
 len: Assistant Secretary. Prof. J. H. 
 Rapp. Dr. Devron died in 1900. Judge 
 Gayarre died in 1S .).">. 
 
 The present officers are: President, 
 Prof. Alcee Fortier; First Vice Presi 
 dent, Hon. Justice Joseph A. Breaux; 
 Second Vice President, Hon. J. S. Zacli- 
 sirie; Secretary, Miss Grace King; Treas 
 urer. J. W. Cruzat; Assistant Secretary, 
 Dr. Charles G. Gill. 
 
 The Society has published two vol 
 umes of its proceedings and part first 
 of the third volume has recently been 
 issued. These publications are, mainly, 
 contributions of its members. It intends 
 to publish shortly extracts from the 
 verv valuable documents in its custody, 
 and it has received from the custodian 
 of the Archives in the Ministry of the 
 
 Colonies, jur^ Paris, France, a bound 
 copy of- the documents relating to the 
 history of Louisiana in ISOo, with fac- 
 similies of the most important papers. 
 
 By authority of the Legislature of 
 Louisiana, the Society has prepared the 
 programme for this celebration of the 
 transfer of Louisiana to the United 
 States, and has appropriated a sum of 
 money for that purpose. 
 
 The Society, mind.ul of the importance 
 of all documents anil papers in the 
 Colonial Archives in Paris, France, re- 
 hit ing to the early history of Louisiana, 
 has addressed a manorial to Congress, 
 signed by the Presidents of all the his 
 torical societies in the Slates formed 
 out of the original Province of Louisi 
 ana, and by th:> Governors of these 
 States, asking for the publication by 
 the United States of the records afore- 
 named which contain hitherto unpub- 
 
 JOSKPH A. T .HF. MX. 
 
 First Vice President, Louisiana Historical 
 Society. 
 
 listed correspondence, orders, procla 
 mations, official reports, grains of lands 
 and privileges: the registration of births, 
 mrrriag . s and death-;; censuses, finan 
 cial accounts and various o;her data of 
 gi-cat interest and importance to stu 
 dents and historians. 
 
 The Congress is petitioned to have 
 tb .s- records copied ::nd au edition print- 
 eil for disfributio .i. as public documents, 
 an:i.ng Ihe universities, colle. /es. libra- 
 
ries, historical and other learned socie 
 ties of the United States, and that an 
 appropriation be made for that pur- 
 post*. 
 
 Pro". Fortier lias been informed by the 
 Archivist in Paris that the total cost 
 of copying the documents will not ex 
 ceed .$2,000. 
 
 The Louisiana Historical Society pos 
 sesses ve: y valuable books and docu 
 ments pertaining to the hh .tory of the 
 oolony under th.> French and Spanish 
 dominations. It w;;s on thesj documents 
 that Charles Gav.nre based his "History 
 of Louisiana," written in French, and 
 published in IS-!,;, and l -i-!7. ai:d also his 
 "History (if Louisiana" in English, which 
 was rt publishod in 1UO:J b , Miss Grace 
 Kiiv and Prof. .1. H. Fieklen. 
 
 3. S. ZACHARIE, 
 
 Second Vice President, Chairman of Invitation 
 Committee, Louisiana Historical Society. 
 
 The Society hns been actively en 
 gaged, and will be for years to come, 
 in the work of investigation nrl classi 
 fication of the history of this State. 
 Amoi! ., til? Mibje.ts worthy of study 
 are the following: (1) History of the In 
 dians of Louisiana: ( 2) history of the 
 parishes; (. ]) history of distinguished 
 foreigners w .:.o have visited Louisiana; 
 (4) the laws o<: Louisiana; (5) biogra 
 phies of fauioi-.s Loaisianians; ((>) the 
 development of agriculture: (7) Io- al 
 customs a:id dialects: (8) literature and 
 education: i .>) o .l :n- ;s; ilO) history of 
 the State from isir> to 1S:>3. 
 
 The Society holds monthly meetings, 
 at which original historical documents 
 are exhibited and papers are read by 
 members. The Society has honorary and 
 corresponding members in this and other 
 States and abroad. Every effort is made 
 to bring the Society into close touch 
 with other historical societies of the 
 United States. 
 
 On the 2tl of May. 1901, the Society 
 had the honor of receiving and welcom 
 ing the Hon. William McKinley, the 
 twenty-sixth President of the United 
 States, in the venerable Cabildo Build- 
 in /. and to hear within its walls patri- 
 o:ie expressions of his great interest 
 in the welfare of the State of Louisiana, 
 and of the important part the acquisi 
 tion of Louisiana occupied in the ad 
 vancement and the history of the United 
 States. A few months later the beloved 
 President was. struck down by an as 
 sassin. 
 
 On the 10th of October, 1901, the So 
 ciety adopted resolutions in memory of 
 the martyred President, concluding as 
 follows: 
 
 "This Society, in common with ail 
 citizens, desire s to add its words of 
 sorrow to those that have sprung from 
 so many hearts, and to mourn for one 
 that was so lately the guest of honor, 
 and of whom it will always cherish 
 kindly recollections. As a president of 
 the United States, and as an American 
 statesman, our deceased guest occupied 
 an eminent place in the history of our 
 country, while his tragic end touched 
 our hearts, and his tender devotion to 
 an invalid wife gave the example to 
 every home in the land of a devoted and 
 model husband. 
 
 "The Louisiana Historical Society, 
 mindful that no words of its own ^an 
 assuage a widow s grief, desires to offer 
 to the President s widow its respectful 
 sympathy in her great bereavement, and 
 to place in its records on a memorial 
 page this expression of irs esteem and 
 sorrow." 
 
 Two years later, on the 30th of April, 
 1903, the Louisiana Historir-.il Society 
 was the prime factor in an imposing cele 
 bration of the centennial of the signing 
 of the treaty between France and the 
 United Stat.s for the cession of the col 
 ony. Many distinguished citizens were 
 present, and addresses were made by 
 the Hn>i. Francis T. Xicholls, Chief Jus. 
 tice of the StMte Supreme Court: Plon 
 ,Ios. A. Ereaux, Associate Justice; Prot. 
 Alcee Fortier, President of the Lou 
 isiana Historical Society: Hon. Albert 
 Estopinal, Lieutenant Governor of the 
 ivtate; Hon. Charles T. Soniat, who read; 
 the speech tliat was to ha\e been de 
 livered by H. n. Paul Capdevielle, M-.iyor 
 of the city. His Hono: 1 being unavoidably 
 absent. Hon. ,7. S. Zacharie read the 
 Treaty of Cession in English, and Hon. 
 Charles T. Soniat read the treaty in. 
 Frenr-h, -and this was followed by the 
 affixing of a memorial tablet at the en 
 trance of the Cab ldo by the ladies ot 
 the Colonial Dames Association, Daugh 
 ters of Louisiana. 
 
 This tal;l t is set. at the entrance of 
 the Supreme Court building, and the 
 inscription is as follows: 
 
.23 
 
 THE CABILDO. 
 
 Erected in the latter part of the eight- 
 en th century by the Spanish Govern 
 ment, and used for the ass^mblin^ 
 of the Cabildo, or Government Coun 
 cil. 
 
 Here, in 1803, took place the format 
 transfer o the Province of Louisiana 
 from Spain to France, and from 
 France to the United States. 
 
 Here, in 182^,, resided, as the guest of 
 the State, the .Marquis do Lafayette. 
 Later the j-rcait hall wr.s used for tlr> 
 sessions of the Supreme Court of 
 Louisiana. 
 
 This tablet was placed here April 30, 1J)03, 
 
 by 
 The Colonial Dames of America, 
 
 iu- 
 The State of Louisiana. 
 
 f\ r\ CUT,. 
 Asst. Secretary Louisiana Historical Society. 
 
 The most important role of the Ho- 
 ciety in the annals of tais State and 
 city is to be pl .ye 1 tais month, wh; n, 
 during three si cce;.:lve ( ays, on the 18th. 
 19th and 2Uta. it \vi 1 ^el;-hrat > w.th most 
 elaborate re: einonie.; t .ie ee.vtrv.i al of 
 the trarsTe" of t v e T< rritcry of Lou 
 isiana fron-,r^ranct*to the I n.ted States. 
 The Society h: .s !x en painstakingly at 
 work on the p og:ammc of eelebr.itinn 
 for several months, and it has finally de 
 cided on one that will meet every re 
 quirement, and do honor to the glorious 
 occasion, as wel I as reflect cjrcat" cre-l t 
 upon every ore who has had to do wit i 
 its preparation. 
 
 J. W. CKUZAT, 
 
 Treasurer Louisiana Historical Society. 
 
 MEMBERS OF THE LOUISIANA HISTORI 
 CAL SOCIETY. 
 ACTIVE MEMBERS. 
 
 J. M. August: n, 
 
 M. A. Aldric 1), 
 
 William Agar, 
 
 Mr s. Thos. A. Adams, 
 
 E. A. AUUrn an, 
 
 Page M. Baker, 
 
 William Beer, 
 
 1*. 11. liruune. 
 
 Dr. S. II. Backrs. 
 
 Hon. Jos. A. Brcaiix, 
 
 Rev. F. C. True kireir- 
 
 Mis? Jf!in!U"tt< Bal -ai 
 
 A. Baldwin. Jr., 
 
 Mrs. P. D. Blake, 
 
 )?. Brnenn, 
 
 J. P. Bal.lwln, 
 
 K. T. Bear regard, 
 
 Pierce Butler 
 
 Dr. C. Mi!o Br.-uly. 
 
 H. P. Ba f .win. 
 
 Mrs. ii. P. IV-l<!win. 
 
 Mrs. A. Baldwin, 
 
 J. P. Bl:i.r. 
 
 E. L. . rt o- <1 
 
 Hon. X. C. Blanchard 
 
 Frank K. Br-rnanl, 
 
 Gen. W. J. P.t han, 
 
 Whiteca-tle. La. 
 Mrs. W. J. Behan. 
 
 Wliitecastle, La. 
 J. W. Crr.xat, 
 John P. Couret. 
 (Jaspnr Cnsadis, 
 Pi.-rre Cr:-hito*. 
 C :mvd ( . CoM iiR. 
 Hon. C. F. r ; : rii<i-n , 
 
 Pi,T(- ClM. ltr.111, 
 
 St. Lor.is. Mo. 
 
 B. W. Roman. 
 Brand) M. Kin^, 
 Miss Anna King, 
 Gutrye C. Kernion. 
 Hon. E. B. Rruttscbnitt 
 Georse Roppcl, 
 Dr. E. S. Lewis, 
 J. I . Lyons. 
 L. A. Livauda s, 
 
 A. P. Livandais. 
 . Mrs. J. L. Lyons, 
 1, Victor Leovy. 
 
 0. P. Lo\v. 
 
 Dr. L. G. I>Beiif, 
 
 Miss Kate Minor, 
 
 i I- in ma. La. 
 E. T. Manning. 
 Marshall T. Mi .l. r, 
 Iti v. Marine. S.J., 
 .Vi- s Mary E. Morgan, 
 J. M. McConnell, Jr.. 
 K. T. M- n-irk. 
 Miss Sadie Mclllienny. 
 
 .Averv s Is ":ui(l. La. 
 Mis> Hilda Meyer, 
 Mr^. J-.hn M- v . 
 J. C. Mtlh<-\vs, 
 
 B. MfCh^k.y, 
 Dr. R. .\fatas, 
 
 Mrs. C. B. MjJKinnis. 
 Flonnia. La. 
 
24.. 
 
 Prof. J. Ilanno Deiler, 
 
 Arsons Perriliiat. 
 
 New Iberia, La. P. F. Viosca, 
 
 Mrs. M. E M. Davis, 
 
 W. S. I arkei-son, 
 
 Mrs. J. A. Hinoks, P. H. Waddell, 
 
 Miss Ainolie I>eni gre, 
 
 Aih -rt C. Phelps. 
 
 W. W. Howe, Morgan Whitney, 
 
 Dr. T. S. Dabney. 
 
 Mr*. X. A. Pueeh, 
 
 Thos. McC. Hyman, P. M. Westfeldr. 
 
 Prof. R. V. B. Dixon, 
 
 W. W. PL elan, 
 
 Miss N. Herron. Rev. F. Widman, S.J., 
 
 H. P. Dart. 
 
 Mrs. F. W. Par ham, 
 
 Mrs. W. P. Johnston, Miss Jennie Wiide. 
 
 "iarlaiul Dupre. 
 
 John P. I euiberton, 
 
 Mrs. Joseph Jones, R. M. Walms ey, 
 
 -Tohn Dymoiu!. Jr., 
 
 Mrs. Ida Ru hard-son. 
 
 I^eon Joubert, Espy W. H. Williams, 
 
 John Dymond. 
 
 Hon. Einile Rost, 
 
 J. S. Johnston. Miss K. White, 
 
 H. J. De La Yergne, 
 
 Henrv Renshaw, 
 
 Louisville. Ky. John S. Wood, 
 
 .Mrs. Geo. Denegre. 
 
 15. Rouen 
 
 B. F. Johnson. Mrs. R. M. Walmsley, 
 
 Walter D. Denegre, 
 
 Mrs. J. P . Richardson, 
 
 Richmond. Va. W. J. Wagnespaek, 
 
 Mrs. Susan B. Elder. 
 
 . ud-ie W. H. Scyir.our, 
 
 Hon. Fred D. King, Rev. C. L. Wells, 
 
 K. H. Farrar. 
 
 Leonce M. Soniat, 
 
 Gustavo Kohn, Mrs. John Woud, 
 
 Prof. J. K. Ficklen, 
 
 Doicf.vvilh-. La. 
 
 John Kracke, S-:iii Weis. 
 
 Mrs. L. A. Fortier. 
 
 Lticien Soniat. 
 
 Miss Anna Kennedy, George W. Young, 
 
 II. L. Favrot. 
 
 L. C. Simon. 
 
 Miss Grace King, J. S. Zaeharie. 
 
 Prof. Airee Fortier. 
 
 Dr. E. Souchon. 
 
 li. Jvellllr:-. 
 
 JNIrs J K KoviriiH r 
 
 11 L Savler 
 
 
 <:. K. Fenner. 
 
 Chicago. 111. 
 
 . II OX OR All Y MEMBERS 
 
 \ . j t fuvrut, 
 
 Mrs. B. Sulakowski, 
 
 
 Charles (J. Gill. 
 
 Z-:!fli Spearing. 
 
 Tlon. 1 uul Capdoviolle, Mayor of the 
 
 H. M. Gill. 
 
 Charles T. Soniat, 
 
 city of New Orleans. 
 
 Eflmir Grima. 
 
 Goimlin R. N. Smith, 
 
 Very Kov. Mo tin: r Austin Carroll, Mo- 
 
 Mrs. L. D Goodrioh. 
 
 (Joiirdin K. Smith, 
 
 bi e, Ala. 
 
 .7 lid go A. A. Gunby, 
 Monroe, La. 
 
 Bernard Titohis 
 Hon. G. H. Theard, 
 
 Most Rev. P. L. Chapelle, Archbishop 
 of Xow Orleans. 
 
 Rev. Max Heller, 
 \\f. L. Hughes. 
 13, M. Harrod. 
 
 Mjss Sarah Henderson, 
 .7.rT). Hill 
 W<,O. Hurt. 
 
 T. P. Thompson. 
 M. B. Trrzevant. 
 Houston, Tex. 
 John S. Tassin. 
 ^Fi S. A. D. Urquhart, 
 Wm. Von Phul. 
 
 Hon. Murpliy J. Foster, Senator and 
 ex-Governor of Louisiana. 
 Hon. W. W. Heard, Governor of the 
 State of Louisiana. 
 Hon. Henry Vignaml. Secretary of the 
 
 .7. $[. ,,.Henshaw. 
 
 Mrs. M. B. Vaiight, 
 
 American Embassy, Paris, France. 
 
To one who is the type of the pure 
 French Creole, 
 
 To the upright, noble, chivalrie gentleman, and 
 excellent citi::en, to 
 
 The Honorable Charles T. Soniat, 
 
 Scion of a distinguished family, and descendant 
 of the 
 
 Chevalier Guy Soniat Dufossat, 
 
 Who crime to Ne\v Orleans in ITol a soldier, statesman and planter, 
 
 anl was among the first to sit in the 
 
 Cabildo, 
 
 This book is dedicated, with deepest sentiments of 
 esteem and affection, born of kinship 
 and lon^: friendship, by 
 
 JAMES M. AUGUSTIN, 
 
Synopsis of tlie History of Louis 
 iana. 
 
 Hernando De Soto, Father Marquette 
 and Le Sieur Le Cavellier de La Salle 
 were the hardy pioneers who at succes 
 sive epochs hazarded themselves through 
 trackless wildernesses and gave to the 
 world a route which has led to the dis 
 covery of the most fertile and lovely 
 valley on earth, the Valley of the Mis 
 sissippi. After having passed through 
 the checkered experiences of a nascent 
 colony, and after having been under tne 
 domination of two European Powers, 
 the vast territory of Louisiana became, 
 by right of purchase, the property of the 
 United States, on the 20th of December, 
 1803. 
 
 On May 31, 1539, Hernando De Soto, 
 a Spaniard, set sail from Havana, and 
 reached Santo Spiritu Bay (now called 
 Tampa Bay), in Florida, with nine ves 
 sels, carrying 530 men and 233 horses. 
 During three years he traveled through 
 parts of Alabama, Mississippi and Ten 
 nessee, crossed the Mississippi River at 
 or near Memphis, went up to the White 
 River and roamed over the Arkansas ter 
 ritory and then reached the mouth of 
 the Red River. De Soto dreamed of con 
 quest, of fabulously rich realms of abo 
 rigines, but met only fatigues and dan 
 gers from ambushed foes, and, in 1542, 
 worn out with excitement and disappoint 
 ed in his ambitions, he died of a slow fe- 
 Ver. His body was placed in an oaken 
 trunk, scooped out by his followers, and 
 was consigned to the bosom of the Mis 
 sissippi River. 
 
 He was succeeded by Muscoso de Alva- 
 rado, who led the decimated band over 
 land southward, hoping to reach Mexico. 
 They went no further than the Rio 
 Grande River, and thence they returned 
 to the mouth of the Red River and built 
 vessels, which carried them down tlie 
 river and out into the Gulf of Mexico. 
 They reached the port of Panuco in a 
 state of absolute exhaustion, having lost 
 more than two-thirds of their numbers. 
 
 One hundred and thirty-four years after 
 De Soto had found rest in the Father of 
 Waters, another attempt was made to 
 penetrate the Mississippi Valley by a 
 small band of Canadians, under the lead 
 ership of Father Jacques Marquette, a 
 Jesuit priest, and Louis Joliet, a mer 
 chant. They left Quebec on the 7th of 
 July, 1673, voyaged to the Mississippi 
 River and followed its course down to 
 Arkansas, and there, having been 
 informed that the river discharged 
 itself into the Gulf of Mexico, 
 they went back to Canada. Seven years 
 after the expedition of Father Marquette 
 and Joliet, another exploring narty start 
 ed from Canada, led by La Sallo and his 
 Lieutenant, the Chevalier de Tontv, of 
 the Iron Hand. The company consisted 
 of forty soldiers -and three monks. They 
 found the Mississippi River, and explored 
 it to its mouth and took possession of 
 the region in the name of King Louis 
 XIV of France on the 9th of April, 1682, 
 
 and named the country "Louisiana." In 
 1684 La Salle returned to France, and 
 was given a fleet of four vessels, fully 
 equipped with me::! and materials, for the 
 purpose of establishing a colony. While 
 engaged in that enterprise, after having 
 established a settlement near St. Ber 
 nard Bay, Texas, he left for Canada, in 
 tending to obtain re-enforcements and 
 supplies, but he was murdered by his 
 own men at or near the present site of 
 the town of Washington, La. The col 
 onists who were left behind were mas 
 sacred by the Indians, with the excep 
 tion of five, and the latter, re-enforced 
 by some of the men who had deserted De 
 La Salle, found their way back to 
 France, having been given passage on 
 board of a Spanish vessel. 
 
 Another hardy pioneer, Iberville, at 
 tempted to explore the new regions. He 
 left the port of Brest, France, on Oct. 28, 
 1698, with two ships, and arrived at 
 Apalachicola Bay, Florida, whence he 
 set sail for Mobile Bay, and on Monday, 
 March 2, 1699, gained the mouth of the 
 Mississippi River, went up -as far as the 
 village of Bayagoulas; returned to the 
 gulf, and entering the Mississippi Sound, 
 lauded at Biloxi, where he established a 
 colony, and going back to France was 
 appointed by the King Governor General 
 of Louisiana. S;auvolle was made Gover 
 nor, and Bienyi lle Lieutenant Governor. 
 Sauvolle died in 1701, and Bienville suc 
 ceeded him as Governor of the colony. 
 Iberville made two voyages to France 
 and back to the colony, and died of yel 
 low fever in 1706. at San Domingo, where 
 he had stopped to obtain re-enforcements 
 for Louisiana. The seat of government 
 was removed to Mobile in 1702. Bienville 
 was dismissed as Governor in 1708, 
 through the intrigues of De La Salle, 
 Commissary, and De Muys was appointed 
 Governor. Soon after De La Salle was 
 also destituted, and his place was taken 
 by Diron D Artaguette. 
 
 De Muys never reached Louisiana. He 
 died in Havana. D Artaguette sent to 
 the Government a favorable report of 
 the acts of Bienville, who was reinstated 
 as Governor. The colony continued in a 
 lingering state until 1712, when Louis 
 XIV gave to Anthony Crozat, a wealthy 
 merchant, the exclusive right for ten 
 years of trading in the Province of Lou 
 isiana, and among other privileges was 
 a stipulation that Crozat had the option 
 of sending a vessel once a year to Africa 
 for negro slaves. 
 
 Cadillac succeeded Bienville as Gover 
 nor in 1710, but Bienville remained as 
 Lieutenant Governor. Crozat surrendered 
 his charter in 1717 to the Regent of 
 France, during the minority of Louis 
 XV, and the Regent granted to the 
 "Western Company," created by John 
 Law, letters patent, with the exclusive 
 privilege of trading in the colony for 
 twenty-five years. Law sent three com 
 panies of infantry and sixty-nine col 
 onists. Bienville was made Governor. 
 His first act was to select a place that 
 would be the principal establishment of 
 the colony, and he selected a spot on the 
 banks of the Mississippi River the pres 
 ent site of the city of New Orleans. 
 
 Two ships of the Western Company 
 brought men and supplies, and also con 
 veyed the information that war had 
 
.27.. 
 
 broken out between France and Spain. 
 Bienville immediately organized an ex 
 pedition against tne Spanish posts at 
 Pensaco la, Fla., and conquered. During 
 the year 1720 the first cargo of slaves 
 from Africa was received. Colonists be 
 gan to arrive in numbers. One thousand 
 came during 1720 and 1721. 
 
 In March," 1721. 200 Germans were sent 
 to the Arkansas region by the Western 
 Company. Four hundred negro slaves 
 were also imported to work on the plan 
 tations. The slaves were sold for about 
 660 "livres per head, on credit. Tobacco 
 could be received in payment at 25 cents 
 per hundred pounds, and rice at 12 cents, 
 when delivered at New Orleans, Mobile 
 or Biloxi. 
 
 Louisiana was divided into nine terri 
 torial districts New Orleans, Biloxi, Mo 
 bile, Alibamos, Natchez, Yazpo, Natchi- 
 toches, Arkansas and Illinois, and to 
 each district there was to be a governor 
 or commander. From October, 1717, to 
 May, 1721, there were transported by 
 the Company 7.020 individuals, and of 
 that number fully 2,000 returned to 
 France, or died of hardships, so that 
 the remaining population did not exceed 
 5,420 souls. In March, 1722, the Company 
 issued an edict forbidding the sale of 
 negroes for transportation out of the 
 colony, or to any subjects of a foreign 
 nation. 
 
 A serious revolt of the Natchez tribe 
 about this time came near decimating the 
 colonv, but owing to a miscalculation by 
 the Indians of the date fixed for the 
 general massacre of the whites, only the 
 colonists of Natchez were surprised and 
 killed. In June, 1722, 250 Germans, 
 commanded by the Chevalier D Arens- 
 bourg, a Swedish officer, arrived. On 
 board of his ship also came Marigny de 
 Mandeville who, in 1700, had been active 
 in the opposition to Bienville. 
 
 The Western Company having gone into 
 ignominous bankruptcy, the Duke of Or 
 leans Regent of France, intrusted the 
 affairs of the colony to three Commis 
 sioners, Ferrand, Faget and Machinot, 
 who approved of a plan submitted by 
 Bienville: First, to transfer the seat of 
 government to New Orleans, and. second, 
 to make at the Arkansas a settlement to 
 connect the Illinois with the southern 
 part of the colony. In 1723 the seat of 
 government was transferred to New Or 
 leans from Fort Louis. Mobile. One year 
 later Bienville was destituted _as Gov 
 ernor, and Perier succeedel him. The 
 Ursuline Nuns ami the Jesuits arrived 
 from France in 1727. The Western Com 
 pany having failed and its charter hav 
 ing been forfeited, commerce became 
 free to all French subjects. 
 
 Bienville was reappointed Governor in 
 1733, and he resigned in March, 1742. J h 
 Vaudreuil succeeded him, and remained 
 Governor until 1753, when Kerlerec took 
 his place. 
 
 Nov 3 1702, Louis XV donated to his 
 cousin, Charles III of Spain, the Prov 
 ince of Louisiana. This donation was 
 kept secret, and the French King con- 
 tinned to 71 ct as sovereign of the colonv 
 until March, 17GB. Kerlerec was recalled 
 to France, and D Abadie succeeded him. 
 D Abadie died in 1764, and Aubry became 
 Governor. 
 
 Then came the Spnnish occupancy by 
 virtue of the secret donation made four 
 years previously. 
 
 , 
 
 aders in the uprising: Lafreniere, Noy- 
 , Caresse, Villere, Marquis and Mil 
 
 Don Antonio de Ulloa arrived to take 
 possession in the name of the King of 
 Spain. The colonists protested against 
 the transfer, and ordered him to leave 
 the country. The Court of Spain then 
 sent Count O Reilly with a powerful fleet 
 and many soldiers to take forcible nos- 
 session, but no resistance was made. Nev 
 ertheless, O Reilly executed six of the 
 leaders in the u 
 an, 
 let. 
 
 O Reilly organized a government, es 
 tablished the tribunal known as the Ca- 
 bildo, and the following year left for 
 Spain, after having transferred the 
 reins of government to Unzaga. who re 
 signed in 1776. July 30, 1778. the Ursu 
 line Nuns sold to Guido du Fossat a 
 tract of land about three leagues below- 
 New Orleans. 
 
 Bernardo de Galvez succeeded Unzaga 
 as Governor of Louisiana, and acted as 
 such from 1777 to 1783. Miro was ap 
 pointed Governor, civil and military, of 
 Louisiana and W r est Florida, and was 
 succeeded in 1792 by the Baron de Caron- 
 delet. 
 
 The Cathedral was founded by Don 
 Andres Almonaster y Roxas in 1792 and 
 finished in 1796. About the same time 
 the Carondelet Canal was dug. From 
 1797 to 1799 Gayoso de Lemos was 
 Governor of Louisiana. Daniel Clark was 
 appointed Consul of the United States at 
 New Orleans during the administration 
 of Casa-Calvo, Military Governor, who 
 succeeded de Lemos. 
 
 On Oct. 1, 1800. a treaty was conclud 
 ed, at San Ildefonso, between France 
 and Spain, by which the King of Spain 
 retroceded to the French Republic the 
 Province of Louisiana, and on March 21, 
 1801. the cession was effected. 
 
 As France was then at war with Eng 
 land, the treaty was kept secret, for the 
 leason that England, having a powerful 
 fleet might have attempted the conquest 
 of Louisiana. On June 15, 1801. Juan 
 Manuel de Salccdo was appointed Gov 
 ernor of Louisiana and he continued in 
 office until the cession by France to the 
 United States in 1S03. OT> March 29, 
 1801, Rufus King. United States Minister 
 at London, apprised his Government of 
 the retrocession by Spain to France. 
 Alarmed at the consoquencrs of that 
 cession the United States Government 
 sent Robert R. Livingston as envoy to 
 France, to ascertain the condition of af 
 fairs: and in the meantime, prelimin 
 aries of neace were being discr.ssed be 
 tween France and England, and peace 
 was effected in March, 1802. In Novem 
 ber 1802. Morales, Inteudant of Xouis- 
 iana, closed the port of ..ew Orleans to. 
 the \mericans. as a place of deposit. 
 But, the King of Spain disapproving of 
 the act of Morales, caused it to be 
 promptly rescinded. On Jan 10. 1803, 
 Thomas Jefferson President of the 
 United States, anointed James Monroe 
 as envoy extraordinary to France to 
 negotiate jointly with Livingston, for the 
 cession of Now Orleans and Florida to 
 the United States. In the meantime, 
 and si-u-e his appointment, Livingston 
 had many interviews with the French 
 authorities in order to ascertain whether 
 or not Spain had really ceded Louisiana 
 to France, but he could obtain no satis 
 faction, and it was only on I- eb. 2<, isOJ, 
 
that he made a proposition to Bonaparte 
 and urged the cession of Louisiana to 
 the United Starts. Livingston told Tal 
 leyrand that the United States woul give 
 twenty million francs for Louisiana. Bon 
 aparte was in favor of ceding the whole 
 of the Province for fifty million francs. 
 Barhe Marbois and Decris, the French 
 Ministers, were not agreed on this mat 
 ter, Marbois being in favor of the sale 
 and Decris being against. Marbois asked 
 one hundred million francs, the French 
 Government to pay the claims of Ameri 
 can citi/cns against Frav.ce. amounting 
 to twenty-five "million franc-s. On April 
 10. ISO"?. Bonaparte informed his Minis 
 ters, Marbois and Decris, that he wanted 
 to cede Louisiana to the United States, 
 in order to prevent England from seizing 
 Louisiana, as war "with England was 
 inevitable. It then aneared, as negotia 
 tions were going on, that Bonaparte was 
 as anxious to s ell as the United States 
 were anxious to buy. 
 
 Finally the treaty of cession was signe/l 
 on April 30, 1803. bv which Louisiana 
 was sold to the United States with all. 
 rights which had b^en acquired by 
 France from Spain, the United States 
 to pay eighty million francs; of which 
 twenty milloins were to be affected to 
 the payment of Frame s debts to citi 
 zens of the United States. 
 
 On March 20, 1S03, Laussat, the Col- 
 onial Prefect, arrived from France; and 
 .soon after there came the Spanish Com 
 missioners. Casa, Calvo and Salcedo, to 
 deliver the Province of Louisiana to 
 France. May 13, 1803. Casa-Calvo and 
 Salcedo issued a proclamation announcing 
 the intention of the King of Spain to 
 transfer the Province of Louisiana to 
 France. June 0. 1803, Bonaparte ap- 
 poi-ted Laussat Commissioner to receive 
 possession of the Province, from Spain, 
 and then to deliver the Province over 
 to the Commissioners appointed by the 
 United States. 
 
 Sept. 4, 1803, Spain protested against 
 the sale of Louisiana to the United 
 States, alleging that France had pledged 
 not to alienate that province. In Octo 
 ber the Congress of the United States 
 met, and the President, in his message, 
 mentioned the purchase of Louisiana, 
 which was ratified in the Senate by a 
 vote of 20 to 7; and on the :^,,a of the 
 same month a bill was passed by the 
 Senate, by a vote of 20 to 6. enabling 
 the President to proceed in the taking 
 of possession of the ceded territories", 
 tuid, with the amendments proposed bv 
 the House, the bill was adopted by a 
 vote of 83 to 7. 
 
 Wednesday, Nov. 30. 1803. France re 
 reived f -om Snain the territory of Lou 
 isiana from Casa-Calvo and Salcedo. 
 who met Laussat. the French Commis 
 sioner, at the City Hall, in New Or 
 leans. Laussat exhibited to the Span 
 ish Commissioners an order from the 
 King of Spain for the delivery of the 
 province, and his authority from Bona 
 parte to receive it. Formal delivery 
 and acceptance were then made by 
 saluting the Spanish flag as it cam" 
 down, and the French "flag as it went 
 up. Laussat then informed the people 
 that he had received Louisiana for a 
 short time only, as he had been instruct 
 ed to turn over the colonv to the United 
 States. 
 
 On the 17th of December, 1803, Messrs. 
 Wilkinson and Claiborne, Commissioners 
 of the United Staces, came with two 
 companies and halted about two miles 
 from the city of New Orleans. They 
 sent word to Laussat, asking if he was 
 ready to receive them, and he replied 
 that he was. On the 20th of December 
 the United States troops entered the 
 city and marched to the City Hall, where 
 Laussat was awaiting the United ~..ates 
 Commissioners. They exhibited their 
 powers to Laussat, who thereupon de 
 livered over to them the keys of the 
 city. The French flag was lowered, and 
 the United States flag was hoisted. Thus 
 ended the French dominion twenty days 
 after it had begun, and the Spanish 
 regime after thirty-four years of ex 
 istence. 
 
 On the same day, Claiborne issued a 
 proclamation enjoining all the inhabi 
 tants to be faithful to the new Govern 
 ment. 
 
 By act of Congress, in March. 1804, 
 the Orleans Territory was created, and 
 Claiborne was appointed Governor for 
 three years, with power to appoint most 
 of the civil and military officers. The 
 legislative power n-as vested in the 
 Governor and a body of thirteen free 
 holders. The act ^created a superior 
 court of three judges, and the Legisla 
 ture was authorized to establish inferioi 
 courts. There, was, in addition, a United 
 States court, with circuit court powers. 
 This Government for the Territory of 
 Orleans began its functions on the 1st 
 of October, 1804, and in that month the 
 first Legislature met and passed the 
 first act for the incorporation of the 
 city, of New Orleans and the appoint 
 ment of a board of fourteen aldermen. 
 This charter remained in force until 
 1836, when the city was divided into 
 municipalities. 
 
 In 1805, the President, by authority 
 of Congress, established a form of gov 
 ernment by appointing a governor, a 
 secretary and superior judges: the Legis 
 lative Council, to be composed of five 
 members, to be chosen by the President, 
 and the House of Representatives, to be 
 composed of twenty-five members, elect 
 ed by the people. 
 
 The first Legislature assembled Jan. 
 2(>, 180<1, and appointed Brown and Lis- 
 let to prepare a code of laws, which 
 they completed in 1808. In February, 
 1811, Congress passed an act authorizing 
 the people of the territory to form a 
 government preparatory to its admis 
 sion into the Union as one of the States. 
 On the first Monday in November, 1811, 
 the first Convention to frame a eonsti- 
 tion assembled in New Orleans and 
 chose the Kentucky Constitution as a 
 model. 
 
 April 8. 1812, Louisiana was admitted 
 into the Union. 
 
 June 12. 1812. President Madison issued 
 his proclamation declaring war against 
 Great Britain. In June, 1812, the first 
 Legislature under the new Constitution 
 met, and the first State Supreme Court 
 was established, with Hall z Matthews 
 and Derbigny as justices. 
 
 On Jan. 8, 181.1. the battle of New 
 Orleans was fought, with such disas 
 trous results for the English invaders. 
 
New Orleans From its Birth in 
 1718 to 1SO3. 
 
 DC Bienville removed the seat of 
 government iTom Biloxi to Mobile, and 
 thence to a spot on the banks of the 
 Mississippi River, the present site of 
 the queenly city of New Orleans; now the 
 metropolis of the South, and in com 
 mercial and inJrustrial worth the rival 
 of the most opulent cities of the .North 
 aud East. Biemille and his engineers, 
 De La Tour and Pauget, surveyed the 
 ground, and laid out the city on a plan 
 consisting of 66 squares of 300 feet each, 
 intersected by twelve horizontal streets 
 parallel with the river, and seven 
 streets across them toward the woods. 
 The buildings were: The Church of St. 
 Louis, (now the Cathedral), facing the 
 Place d Armes (Jackson Square); the 
 Capuchins house; the prison and guard 
 house; the soldiers barracks on each 
 side of the Place d Armes; the iu- 
 tendant s or Comptroller s residence; the 
 powder magazine; Government building; 
 the Ursulines Convent, and the residence 
 of the Jesuits. A levee was built to pro 
 tect the city from overflow. In 1722 New 
 Orleans consisted of one hundred cabins, 
 a large woe-den warehouse, two or three 
 unpretentious dwellings, and a warehouse 
 annex used as a church. In 1724 a grant 
 of ten ^:-^ents front on the Mississippi 
 River was given to Father Petit, Superior 
 of the Jesuits, and he selected a tract 
 of land in that part of the city kno\vu 
 later as^ the Faubourg Ste. Marie, in 
 1727 the* Jesuits brought to New Orleans 
 some Ursuline Nuns, whose mission was 
 to take charge of the hospital, and of 
 the education of young girls. The Nuns 
 first lodged at the corner of Chartres 
 and Bienville Streets, and later on they 
 built a convent on Chartres Street and 
 Ursuline olreet, which they occupied 
 until 1824, when they removed to the 
 present location on North Peters Street, 
 in the Ihiru District. 
 
 The infant colony had to struggle with 
 the usual vicissitudes of such tentative 
 settlements: Wars with the aborigines, 
 famin e, floods, tempests, internal dis 
 sensions, and the like, until 1762, w T hen 
 France transferred the province of Louisi 
 ana to Spain, and the celebrated revolt 
 took place resulting in forcible taking 
 of possession in the name of the King 
 of Spain by Count O Reilly, who wreaked 
 summary vengeance upo:. six of the 
 leaders in the revolt. 
 
 It might be interesting to know the 
 names of the property holders in Ne v 
 Orleans In 1728, from which are selected 
 names still represented in this city: 
 Bienville. Dubreuil, Bounaud, La Fren- 
 iere, Delery, Mandeville, Dreux, Beau- 
 lien. Ohauvin, Duval, Dupuy, St. Martin. 
 Villere, Pellerin. Trudeau, For tier, Ds 
 Blanc, De Morand, Brule, Manacle, St. 
 
 Hillaire, Sarrazin, Vitre, Lecourt, Pou- 
 part, Roger, Deslattes, Michel, Ozanne, 
 Rivard, Trepagnier, Carriere, De Lassus, 
 Caron, Pascal, Le Normand, Langlois, 
 St. Jean, Malot, Robert, Dalcourt, C<\r- 
 pantras, Laurent, De La Bretonne, 
 Grandjean, Lapierre, Moreau, De Livau- 
 dais, Schmidt, Bonpart, St. Alexandrc* 
 Lavigue, Danvillier, Larose, Prevost, 
 Menard, Lafontaine, Gautier, Roche, Ber 
 nard, Forestier, Saucier, Dizier. Martin, 
 Lemaire, Dupart, Lauve, Mason, Bello- 
 vue, Lacoste, Raymond, Petit. Paul,, 
 Dauphin, Mesmer, Grace, Lat orge, Sau- 
 nier, Leduc, Gautier de Montreuil, Rau- 
 don, Bosset, Dupre, Bonnet, Bailly, Du- 
 buisson, Merrain, Lantier, Fontaine, 
 Foucher Barre, Vincent, St. Laurent* 
 Conitois. 
 
 In 1732 the population of New Orleans 
 was about tiTree thousand. The prom 
 inent residents then, were: Villere, For- 
 tier, Delevy, De la Ronde, Dupre, Du- 
 tuisson, Dalby, St. Martin, Dupuy, Ros- 
 sard, Duval, De Livaudais, Lavigne, 
 Beaulieu, Chauvin, Danseville, Perigauit, 
 Gautier de Montreuil, Dreux, Saucier, 
 Lauve, Mandeville, De Marigny. Tisscr- 
 and, Bonneau de Blanc, Dasfeld, Pro- 
 venche, Gauvrit, Bouligny, Dauterive, 
 Bienvenu, D Artaguette, Luzon, Laguet, 
 Fleurian, D Orgenois, Boisblaur, Brusle, 
 Lafreniere, Carriere, Caron and Pascal. 
 
 According to the census taken in 17Gt>, 
 New Orleans had 1,803 men ht to bear 
 arms, 1,044 marriageable women. 1,30 
 boys, and 1,244 girls. A total of 5,556. 
 The blacks were nearly as numerous. 
 
 After having taken possession in the 
 name of the King of Spain, a Council 
 \vas established by O Reilly, and its first 
 session was held in December, 1760, and 
 its members, Reggio, Francisco, De 
 Vezin, Fleurian, Beaud, Bienvenu ana 
 Ducros, sat under the- Presidency or 
 O Reilly. In the summer of the year fol 
 lowing O Reilly left for Spain and was 
 succeeded by Unzaga. Among the mem 
 bers of the Cabildo in subsequent years, 
 who were appointed Alacaldes or Judges, 
 were: 1771, Chabert and Forstali; 1772, 
 Amelot and Chevalier de Villiers; 1773. 
 Duplessis and Doriocourt ; 1774, Forstali 
 and Chabert; 1775, Cheveiier Guy Soniat, 
 Dufossat and Duplessis; 1776, D Ernon- 
 ville and Livaudais; 1777, Forstali and 
 Chevalier de Villiers; 1778, Navarre and 
 Chevalier Guy Soniat Dufossat; 17SO, 
 Piernas and Duverger: 1783, Lebrcton 
 and Morales; 1785, Forstali and Kernion; 
 178(5, Orne and Chevalier Guy Soniat Du 
 fossat; 1787, Chabert and Reggio; 1VSS, 
 Foucher and Argotte; 1790, Ortega and 
 Almonaster; 1701, Mandeville de Marigny 
 and De la Pons; 1704, Serano and Daunoy; 
 1705, Loris and Pontalba; 1706, Perot and 
 De la Chaise; 1708, Serano and Argotte; 
 1800, Peret and Poeyfarre; 1802, Forstali 
 and Cassergues; 1803, Forstali and La- 
 nusse. 
 
..30.. 
 
 Iu 1802 the first American lodge of 
 Masons was organized with Dominic F. 
 Burthe as Grand Master, and Caspar De 
 Buys as Deputy Grand Master. The 
 Chapter was organized in 1815, and 
 Moreau Lislet was Grand Commander. 
 In 1820 the city of New Orleans was 
 only about four thousand feet long, and 
 2,100 feet in depth. In 178S there were 
 1,200 houses, of which 900 were destroyed 
 by fire; anJ in 1794 another fire consumed 
 about one thousand houses. In 1801 
 there were 1,800 houses, and 8,000 in 
 habitants. In 1822 there were 1,430 brick 
 buildings, and 4,400 wooden buildings, 
 and 1,300 wooden warehouses, workshops 
 and stores. 
 
 The first public city hall was built in 
 1793, fronting on Chartres Street, and 
 on the South side of St. Peter Street, 
 where were located the city offices, city 
 guardhouse, and State prison. The Su 
 preme, Parish and District Courts held 
 their session in the Government houses 
 built in 1761. and in which were held 
 sessions of the State Legislature. The 
 Treasurer s office and the Orleans 
 Library of 7,200 volumes were also in 
 the building. The Custom-house, a plain 
 brick building, with a coating of white 
 plaster, fronted on Levee Street, near 
 Canal, and in it were located the United 
 States District Court, the United States 
 District Attorney s Office, the United 
 States Land Office, and the United States 
 Marshal s office. The Charity Hospital 
 was built in 1815, on Canal Street, near 
 Baroune, and the New Orleans College in 
 1812_; the Orleans Theatre, St. Louis 
 Hotel and Orleans Ballroom, in 1813. 
 They were destroyed by tire in 1815, and 
 rebuilt in 1816. French and English 
 companies appeared on the stage alter 
 nately, and in 1829 the elder Booth ap 
 peared in French as well as in English 
 characters. The St. Philip Theatre was 
 built in 1810. Early in the twenties 
 James H. Caldwell built, on Camp Street, 
 the American Theatre, subsequently 
 known as Armory Hall, and still later 
 as Rice, Born & Go s hardware store. A 
 lew dwellings stood on Canal and Maga 
 zine Streets, and the Polar Star Lodge 
 was at the corner of Camp and Gravier. 
 In 1835 Mr. Caldwell leased his theatrc- 
 to Russell and Rowe, and built the St. 
 Charles Theatre. Christ Episcopal Church 
 was erected at the corner of Canal and 
 Bourbon Streets, in 1816. 
 
 New Orleans increased in size and in 
 population in spite of many drawbacks. 
 In 1825 the Marquis de Lafayette visited 
 this city, and was received with great 
 enthusiasm, and was given every atten 
 tion by the civic authorities, and by the 
 citizens. 
 
 In 1S28 General Jackson, the hero of 
 New Orleans, visited Tne city. He was 
 piven a brilliant reception in the "Place 
 d Armes" (Jackson Square). From 1820 
 to 1840 the commerce of New Orleans 
 
 had greatly expanded. It had a large 
 trade with Mexico, through foreign resi 
 dent merchants, of imported English, 
 fabrics, and wares expressly made for 
 transportation. Cotton, rice, sugar, and 
 other valuable products of the Mississippi 
 Valley began to seek New Orleans, and., 
 an impetus was given to the building 
 of warehouses, cotton compresses, and 
 other buildings so as to meet the in 
 crease iu commerce. Chartres Street was 
 then the center of commercial activity 
 for dry goods, shoes, clothing, notions, 
 jewelery, at wholesale and retail. Tne 
 principal stores were on Chartres Street 
 from CanaT to St. Louis. Hart, Labatt 
 & Co. were the first merchants to es 
 tablish a store above Canal Street. They 
 located on Magazine Street, between 
 Canal and Common Streets. Canal 
 Street at that time "had many handsome 
 private residences, and Camp Street be 
 gan to rival Chartres Street as a business 
 center. Stores and residences were 
 erected near Caldwell s American Thea 
 tre. The leading merchants then were: 
 Samuel J. Peters, John Minturu, Joshua 
 Baldwin, Crossniau, E. A. 1 orke, Tim 
 Toby, James Robb, Peter Conrey, Cald 
 well, the Frerets, J. W. Breedlove, 
 Gordon, Henry Lockett, and others. In 
 1850 the present City Hall, opposite La 
 fayette Square, was built. 
 
 Buildings and Sites of the Last 
 Century. 
 
 The first building worthy of close at 
 tention is the venerable Cabildo, for iU 
 history is intimately interwoven with 
 the life of New Orleans. It stands at 
 the corner of Chartres and St. Peter 
 Streets, and is now used by the Supreme 
 Court, the Police Court and the Police 
 Station of the Third Precinct. Like all 
 edifices erected by Spaniards, it is con 
 structed in a very heavy and solid mau- 
 ner. It was originally the meeting place 
 of the Cabildo, or Municipal Chapter, and 
 the name of the tribunal has been given 
 to the building Itself. Within its walls 
 all but one of the transfers of the 
 country from one sovereign to another 
 have been i effected. Here was made the 
 transfer of the colony to the United 
 States on the 20th of December, 1803. 
 
 That ceremony was preceded, on the 
 30th of November, by the transfer or 
 retrocession of Louisiana to France by 
 the representatives of the King of 
 Soaln. 
 
 Miss Grace King, the talented New 
 Orleanian, author and historian, thus de 
 scribes the events of the 20th of Decem 
 ber, 1803, in her interesting book, "New 
 Orleans, the Place and the People:" 
 
 "On the same day the Spanish Munici 
 pal Government was abolished, a Frencb 
 one was substituted. In the city a Mayor 
 was appointed, Mr. Etienne de Bore, aud 
 a Municipal Council of ten, composed 
 
of the most distinguished among tlis 
 colonists, and all prominent in their 
 devotion to France. Among them was 
 Villere, the sou of the companion of La- 
 freniere. The Spauish commander or 
 the militia was replaced by a Creole. 
 
 "Seventeen days later, the American 
 Commissioners, with their escorts or 
 troops, arrived, and camped two miles 
 outside the city walls. Three days after 
 wards, on Dec. 20, was consummated 
 what the Louisianians must most de 
 voutly have hoped would be their last 
 change of government.. It was the third 
 in the memory of a living generation. 
 The ceremony could not be anything but 
 funereal to the natives. 
 
 "At sunrise the gay folds of the tricolor 
 spread in the breeze from the top of the 
 flagstaff. It was noted as a good omen, 
 that, instead of the rain and coulds that 
 had attended both Spanish ceremonies, 
 the day dawned clear and bright. A 
 faultless sky shone overhead. At y 
 o clock the militia mustered and marched 
 into the Place d Armes, and the crowd 
 began to mass in the streets. A cannon 
 shot signaled that the American troops 
 had left their camps, ana were marching 
 toward the city. A salute of twenty guns 
 from Fort St. Charles announced that 
 they were passing through the Tchoupi- 
 toulas gate, and being admitted Into 
 the streets of the city. At noon the 
 column made its appearance in the 
 Place d Armes. General Wilkinson 
 and Governor Claiborne, the American 
 Commissioners, on horseback, at the 
 head, followed by a detachment oi 
 dragoons, in red uniform; four pieces or 
 artillery, cannoneers, two companies ol 
 infantry, and one of carbineers. The 
 troops formed in the square opposite the 
 French local soldiery. The Commission 
 ers, dismounting, proceeded to the Hotel 
 de Ville, as the Cabildo was now called, 
 where they were received by the olh cers 
 of the municipality, the French Commis 
 sioner, an,d his suite, and a large and 
 notable assembly of citizens. Laussat, 
 leading the way to the great hall, took 
 his place on the elevated chair of honor, 
 Governor Claiborne and General Wilkin 
 son seating themselves on his right and 
 left. The legal formalities of three weeks 
 before were repeated. Laussat delivered 
 the keys of the city to Claiborne, changed 
 places with him, and publicly absolved 
 from their oath of allegiance to France, 
 all colonists who wished to pass under 
 the new domination. Th e- Commissioners 
 then arose and walked upon the balcony. 
 Wh/it met their eyes was not the small, 
 pretty, fenced-in garden of to-day shut 
 in by the sordid ugliness of railroad 
 buildings in front, and hedged on each 
 side by serried walls of brick. Then, 
 the waters of the Mississippi rolled in 
 nntramolled view of the cross of the 
 Cathedral, rippling its currents around 
 the long line of decorated ships lying 
 
 at the broad, tree-shaded levee. The 
 open space, then a parade ground for an 
 army, double its present size, to the 
 right and to the left holding off the ad 
 vance of streets and houses by noble 
 avenues of trees. In the center rose 
 the great flagstaff, bearing the flimsiest 
 of fabrics, and strongest of symbols th<;t 
 has ever held the hearts of mortals to 
 a coign of earth. About the staff were 
 grouped the military, a vivid spot or 
 steel and color, and around them, and as 
 far as eye could see, human faces, 
 eagerly looking up, in the bright Decem 
 ber sun, a motley of color, and expres 
 sion, white, black, yellow, red, French 
 man, Spaniard, African, mulatto, Indian, 
 and, most vital of all, by his height and 
 boisterous triumph on the occasion, the 
 tall, lank Westerner in coon-skin cap 
 and leathern hunting shirt. 
 
 "At the appearance of the Commission 
 ers, the tricolor began to flutter gently 
 down, and the great new flag, the Stars 
 and Stripes, to mount the staff. When 
 they came together, midway, they paused 
 a moment. A cannon shot fired, and 
 every gun in the city, from fort, battery 
 and ship, answered in salute; the bauds 
 played, the .Americans shouted. The rest 
 of the crowd looked on, silent. When the 
 reverberation had died away, the Stars 
 and Stripes were waving from the top 
 of the staff. After an inaugural address, 
 by the American Governor, to the Louist- 
 anians, my fellow citizens, there was a 
 review of the troops, and the American 
 companies filed out of one side of tQc 
 square, the French out of the other. 
 
 "When twenty-one days before, the 
 French flag was flung to the breeze, tor 
 its last brief reign in Louisiana, a band 
 of fifty old soldiers formed themselves 
 into a guard of honor, which was to act 
 as a kind of death- watch to their national 
 colors. They stood now at the foot of 
 the staff, and received in their arms the 
 tricolor as it descended, and while the 
 Americans were rending the air with 
 their shouts, they marched silently 
 away, their sergeant bearing it at their 
 head. All uncovered before it, the 
 American troops, as they passed, pre 
 sented arms to it. It was carried to tne 
 Government house, and left in the hands 
 of Laussat " . 
 
 FIRST MAYOR AND CITY COUNCIL. 
 
 On the same day that he took pos 
 session of the province of Louisiana. In 
 the "name of the King of France, from 
 the Spanish Commissioners, Salcedo aud 
 Casa Calvo. Nov. 30, 1803, M. Laussat, 
 the Colonial Prefect, issued severa/ 
 decrees in relation to the organization 
 of the province. Mr. Garland was ap 
 pointed, provisionally, Administrator Gen 
 eral and Director of the Custom-house, 
 and Navailles, Treasurer. For the Span 
 ish Cabildo were substituted a mayor, 
 
two adjuncts and a municipal council, 
 composed of ten members. The follow 
 ing list of officers was published: Etienue 
 Bore, Mayor; Pierre Derbigny, Secre 
 tary; Destrehan, First Adjunct; Sauve, 
 Second Adjunct; Livaudais, Petit Cave- 
 lier, Villere, Johns, Michel Fortier, Don 
 aldson, Faurie, Allard, Tureaud and 
 John Watkins, members of the Municipal 
 Council. Labatut was appointed Treas 
 urer. Bellechasse was appointed Colonel, 
 and was given command of the militia 
 of New Orleans. One of the officers of 
 the milita was Charles Anastase Gayarre, 
 grandson of the Royal Contador (Comp 
 troller), and father of the late Charles 
 Gayarre, the historian. 
 
 ETIENNE DE BORE, 
 
 First Mayor of New Orleans. 
 
 Etieune de Core, first Mayor of .New 
 Orleans, and acting in that capacity at 
 the time the province of Louisiana wad 
 transferred to the United States, was 
 a wealthy sugar planter living about six 
 
 ETIENNE DE BORE. 
 
 miles above the city of New Orleans, on 
 the same .side of the river. Mr. De Bore 
 came of a distinguished Norman family. 
 He was born in 1740 on the Illinois, but 
 was taken at an early age to France. 
 After the completion of his education he 
 entered the Royal Mousqnetaires, or 
 troops of the King s household. After 
 his marriage he returned to Louisiana, 
 and e ngaged.in planting. Like most ot 
 the planters of Louisiana, he devoted 
 himself to the cultivation of indigo. Hur 
 ricanes and overflows, however, had 
 much diminished his fortune, and in ad 
 dition, an insect appeared, which at 
 tacked the indigo plant, and destroyed 
 
 it. Ruin stared him, and the other 
 planters, in the face. 
 
 The manufacture of sugar had been 
 abandoned since 1766 as impossible in 
 the climate, and only a few now planted 
 cane, to be sold as a delicacy in the 
 market, or boiled into sugar or made 
 into a kind of rum called tafia. Bore 
 attempted a decisive stroke, by risking 
 what was left of his fortune, and tried 
 once more sugar-making. His wife and 
 his friends remonstrated in vain. He 
 purchased seed cane, planted it, and got 
 ready for grinding and boiling. On the 
 day when sugar-making was to begin, 
 a large number of neighbors and friends 
 assembled -in and about the sugar-house 
 watching with anxiety the success or 
 failure of the experiment. "Would the 
 syrup granulate?" "Would it make 
 sugar or not?" The moment came, ine 
 sugar boiler tested again and again. "It 
 granulates," he called out. "It granu 
 lates/ repeated the crowd in the sugar 
 house. 
 
 Thus was the first successful attempt 
 at sugar-making due to the perseverance 
 nnd courage of M. Etienne de Bore. 
 
 Buildings of Centennial Fume. 
 
 THE ST. LOUIS CATHEDRAL. 
 
 The first edifice was called the i drisn 
 Church of St. Louis. It was a structure 
 of wood and adobe, and was built oy 
 I .ienville shortly after he founded the 
 city. That primitive structure was de 
 stroyed in a fearful hurricane which 
 visited this city in 1723. A new church 
 was built of brick in 1724, and it was 
 consumed in the memorable tire, which 
 on Good Friday, March 21, 1788, burned 
 nearly the entire city. That conflagra 
 tion was so disastrous that the colonists 
 could not rebuild the church, and it was 
 at this crisis that Don Andres Almonas- 
 ter y Roxas erected, at his own expense, 
 a church for New Orleans on condition, 
 thai a mass be said every Sunday, in 
 perpetuity, for the repose of his soul. 
 He built the church at a cost of $<JO,OUU. 
 The design was of the usual heavy Span 
 ish style, Avith three round towers ill 
 front, like the church buildings erected 
 in Mexico and South America by the 
 Spaniards. In 1703, when New Orleans- 
 was detached from the Diocese of Ha 
 vana, and erected into a distinct Episco 
 pal See, the beautiful church was raised 
 to the dignity of a cathedral. In 1851 
 the building was remodeled, and steeples 
 were added to the towers. The facade 
 was considerably changed. The present 
 portico, with its columns and pilasters, 
 dates from that time. In 18U2 the in 
 terior was elaborately frescoed with por-, 
 traits of saints awd Biblical scenes. Be 
 neath, the main altar is a large crypt, in 
 which many of the ancient prelates, <m<3 
 
. . 33 . . 
 
 some of the latter-day archbishops are 
 buried. Several distinguished person 
 ages of colonial times are buried under 
 the side altars. Don Andres Almonaster 
 y Roxas, founder of the Cathedral, sleeps 
 Tinder St. Joseph s altar, and several 
 members of the Mandeville de Marigiiy 
 family repose in a crypt under the altar 
 of Mary. 
 
 Many notable events have taken place 
 in the Cathedral. Bishop Dubourg cele 
 brated the solemn high mass in thanks 
 giving for the victory of General Jack 
 son over the British at Chalmette. It 
 was attended by General Jackson and 
 his soldiers, and at the close a "Te 
 Deum" was sung. The anniversary or 
 the centennial of the Cathedral, in April, 
 1893, was a memorable event, and was 
 attended by all the bishops and arch 
 bishops of the Louisiana purchase ter 
 ritory; all the priests of the diocese, the 
 Governor of the State; the members of 
 the State Supreme and city courts, the 
 foreign consuls, the military, etc. 
 Another imposing occasion was in 1895, 
 when, for the first time in American 
 history, two cardinals united at the offer 
 ing of the pontifical high mass, which 
 marked the opening of the Catholic 
 Winter School. The most recent event 
 was the joint consecration on July 2, 
 1899, of the Archbishop of Santiago cle 
 Cuba, and the Bishop of Porto Kico, the 
 first appointed to these ancient Sees 
 after the close of the Spanish-American 
 War. The St. Louis Presbytery, which 
 adjoins the Cathedral, is also an ancient 
 bxiilding. 
 
 The other building, like the Cabildo, on 
 the St. Ann Street side of the church, 
 is occupied now by the Civil District 
 Courts. It was formerly the monastery 
 of the Capuchin monks. 
 
 JACKSON SQUARE OR "PLACE 
 
 D ARMES." 
 
 This also is a historic spot. It was 
 originally called the Place d Armes," 
 or rendezvous an.d parade ground for 
 the troops, \\hen the Jackson equestrian 
 statute, which now adorns it, was placed, 
 the name of the victor of Chalmette was 
 given to the square. On the spot oc 
 cupied by the statue, there upraised m 
 olden times a huge flagstaff from which, 
 in turn, the colors of France, Spain and 
 the United States were unfurled in the 
 breeze. It was in the "Place d Armes 
 that Don Ulloa received the keys of the 
 city, and took possession of Louisiana, 
 in the name of the King of Spain, In 
 1760. There met the band of patriots 
 under Lafreniere to renounce the au 
 thority of Spain, and declare the inde 
 pendence of Louisiana. It was in th* 
 same "Place d Armes" that Don Ber 
 nardo de Galvez. one of the most heroic 
 figures in Louisiana s history, first ap 
 peared in 1779, before a great meeting of 
 citizens, and won their hearts. Though 
 "but a youth of 21, he held a commission 
 as Captain General and Governor of the 
 province, but he told the citizens that 
 he would not accept the office without 
 their consent, and loyalty. They con 
 
 firmed his appointment with enthusi 
 asm, and from the same spot he led 
 an army of 1,500 young Creoles against 
 the British. The two long rows of brick 
 buildings on eacE side of the "Place 
 d Armes" were erected early in the 
 nineteenth century, by the Baroness de 
 Pontalba. daughter of Don Andres 
 Almonaster y Roxas, and are still owned 
 by her descendants. 
 
 THE ARCHBISHOP S PALACE, 
 
 in whose parlors are to be exhibited the 
 curios and relics of colonial days during 
 the centennial celebration, and for sixty 
 days thereafter, is the oldest building 
 in Louisiana. It is situated on Chartresi 
 Street, between Ursuline and Hospital 
 Streets. Entrance is effected through a 
 quaintly-constructed portal defended by 
 double gates piercing the wall in the 
 middle of the Chartres Street front. The 
 porter s lodge is within this portal. Tne 
 buildings face a srmcious lawn. 
 
 They were erected between 1727 ana 
 1734 for the use of the Ursuline .Nuns, 
 who came from France at Bienville s 
 solicitation, to take charge of the mili 
 tary hospital. Charity Hospital, and con 
 duct a school for girls. 
 
 The Nuns resided there until 1824, 
 when they removed to their present 
 domicile in the lower section of the Third 
 District of this city. 
 
 The old building has seen various 
 uses, not the least interesting of which 
 is that in 1831 it was the State Capitol, 
 and the Legislature held its sessions 
 within its \walls. The building was, at 
 that time, leased by the State of Louisi 
 ana from the Ursuline Nuns. Shortly 
 afterward, the lease having expired, the 
 Nuns presented the building to the 
 archbishops of New Orleans as a resi 
 dence. It was so used until 1899, when 
 a number of the Catholic clergy and laity 
 purchased the Slocomb residence on 
 Esplanade Avenue, and St. Claude Street, 
 and presented it to Archbishop Chapelle. 
 
 The historic site is, however, retained 
 as the office of the archdiocese, and for 
 the meetings of the clergy, and also the 
 office of the Chancellor of the Arclv 
 diocese. 
 
 The- old building is fast going into de 
 cay, but it still exhibits massive strength. 
 The ancient staircase is a remarkable 
 piece of work. Each step is a solid piece 
 of timber deeply worn by the ceaseless 
 tread of many generations. The chapel 
 contains a little oratory and shrine. The 
 reception room on the lower floor, in 
 which the Colonial Museum will exhibit, 
 is "beautifully paneled in cypress, ana 
 contains a curious old clock. The shut 
 ters of cypress, over the main entrance, 
 are over 100 year old, and are still 
 perfectly sound. On the third floor of 
 the building are the narrow and curious 
 ly-built little cells used by the Ursuline 
 Nuns nearly two hundred years ago, and 
 the ancient desk of oak, in the commu 
 nity room, at which the superioress sat, 
 when the Nuns met for meditation, in 
 struction, and prayer. In the building 
 are preserved the archives of the diocese. 
 There also may be seen the portraits of 
 all the bishops of New Orleans, and the 
 archbishops from Monseigneur Penalver 
 to Archbishop Chapelle. 
 
.34.. 
 
 ALMOST THE ENTIRE TOWN DE 
 STROYED. 
 
 In the manuscript of Chevalier Guy 
 Soniat Du Fossat, (1751-1794) translated 
 from French into English, by Hon. Chas. 
 T. Soniat, appears the following account 
 of the big fire in New Orleans in 1788: 
 
 CONFLAGRATION OF NEW ORLEANS. 
 
 on Good Friday of the year 1788, a 
 fire was caused by the negligence of a 
 woman who thought of crowning her de 
 votion by making a small altar in her 
 house. She left several candles burning 
 around it and went off to take her din 
 ner. During her absence a candle fell 
 on some ornaments, which took fire, ana 
 the house in an instant was in flames, 
 which communicated to the adjoining 
 house, and the wind, which was strong 
 at that time, spread the fire to the bal 
 ance of the city, which, in two hours, 
 was consumed. 
 
 The powders which the merchants had 
 in their stores for daily use, contributed 
 largely to accelerate the conflagration, 
 and rendered it more dangerous to those 
 who wanted to save the remaining build 
 ings. It would be difficult to depict the 
 despair of the poor, unfortunate persons 
 whose properties had suffered from the 
 fire; these unhappy creatures, who, two 
 hours before, enjoyed vast and commo- 
 dionS lodgings, with enough affluence to 
 make oiie s life agreeable and easy, saw 
 themselves and their children in a mo 
 ment without resource. Some of the*r 
 were obliged to take refuge in the 
 woods, without necessary provisions and 
 clothes. Some slept without cover under 
 the broad canopy of the heavens. It was 
 in that moment of necessity that tne 
 tender solicitude of M. Miro, Governor 
 of the province, showed itself. He 
 opened his house to all who were seek 
 ing shelter, and he dispensed succor 
 to the distressed families, caused the 
 royal stores, which had escaped the 
 flames, to be opened, and he distributed 
 the provisions therein contained. Re 
 course was had to the surrounding 
 country for help; permits were given 
 to vessels to bring goods from abroad; 
 in short, the Governor administered as 
 a good pater familias and distributed 
 that which he had gathered in the colony 
 in order to support his numerous people, 
 and he succeeded in making their provis 
 ions last up to the arrival of the relief 
 from Havana and St. Domingo. All 
 these cares and attentions gave the 
 necessary comfort to those who had 
 lost their belongings, but could not place 
 them in the same condition they were 
 before. Poverty stared them in the 
 face, and these conditions Drought al! 
 the inhabitants to a state of consterna 
 
 tion, which was followed by the death of 
 one-sixth of the citizens. 
 
 Governor Miro, grieved by so many 
 disasters, tried to divert their attention 
 and to alleviate their sorrows by his 
 care and U7s attention and his purse. 
 He gave balls and amusements to the un 
 fortunate inhabitants in order to les 
 sen their, sorrows and to divert their 
 minds; if these sad and memorable 
 events were of a nature to be forgotten. 
 Eight hundred fine and commodious 
 houses, valued on an average at $3.(JUU 
 each, were destroyed in that conflagra 
 tion, without any prospect on the part 
 of the owners of ever recovering any 
 thing except perhaps the bare hope or 
 recovering some day some relief from 
 the King. 
 
 WHAT IS MEANT BY CREOLE. 
 
 In that same work of Chevalier Du 
 Fossat there is found the description of 
 the Creoles in the eighteenth century. 
 Much dispute has been going on among 
 philologists as to the real meaning of 
 "Creole." Tne Chevalier says: 
 
 PORTRAIT OF THE CREOLE. 
 
 After having spoken of Louisiana and 
 of its soil, we ought to say something 
 of the Creoles who inhabit it; and next, 
 of the savages, and products of. the 
 country. 
 
 Creoles are defined to be "the chil 
 dren of Europeans born in the colony." 
 They, in general, measure about flve 
 feet six inches in height; they are all 
 well shaped, and of agreeable figure; 
 they are lively, alert and agile, and, 
 notwithstanding the great heat of this 
 climate, are laborious. They are born 
 with ambition, and an honest self-esteem. 
 They are endowed with a natural dispo 
 sition for all sciences, arts and exercises 
 that amuse society. They excel in danc 
 ing, fencing, hunting and in horseman 
 ship. Nature has favored them with a 
 penetrating and active mind, and they 
 are capable of being easily instructed. 
 The lack of teachers renders their edu 
 cation somewhat incomplete, and it must 
 be said, in all justice, that among the 
 many qualities which they possess are 
 politeness. oravery and benevolence. 
 They are good fathers, good friends and 
 good kinsmen. 
 
 The women, besides having the quali 
 ties above enumerated, are agreeable in 
 figure, and seldom deformed. They make 
 good mothers, and are devoted to their 
 husbands and their children; and in their 
 marital relations seldom are they un 
 faithful. I must also add. that the 
 stranger arriving in this wild and savage 
 country will be surprised to see in thi 
 capital, as exist in all countries ov. 
 Europe, brilliant assemblies where polite 
 ness, amiability and gayety reign su 
 preme. 
 
ADDENDA. 
 
 MISS GRACE KING 
 
 the gifted writer, has been and still- is the secretary of the 
 Louisiana Historical Society. Her name is mentioned as such 
 on page 21 of this booklet; but on page 2.S, under the photo 
 graph of Mr. Chas. G. Gill, the words "Secretary, Louisiana 
 Historical Society" should be preceded by the word "Assistant," 
 because the designation of secretary belongs by right to Miss King, 
 of whom the Louisiana Historical Society is justly proud. 
 
 (Owing to the receipt of the copy too late for insertion in the 
 book it was much regretted that the brilliant Colonial Ball was 
 unavoidably omitted from the first edition. It is inserted in the 
 second edition, with sincere apologies to the ladies.) 
 
 JAMES M. AUGUSTIN. 
 
THE COLONIAL BALL A 
 BRILLIANT EVENT. 
 
 Three Countries Join in the Function, Which Was 
 Carefully Planned and Successfully Con= 
 ducted in All Its Details. 
 
 Nothing in the history of brilliant func 
 tions, at least those within the memory of 
 the present generation, could have excelled 
 the animated scene that was presented n 
 the French Opera House on the night of 
 December 18, 1903, when, with the first 
 burst of the march music from the or 
 chestra, cunningly hidden behind a screen 
 of flowers and ferns, on the stage, there 
 trooped down from the foyer to the par- 
 quette entrance a procession of beautiful 
 women clad in the costly and richly em 
 broidered dresses of the first years of the 
 nineteenth century. The glittering, bejew- 
 eled array of fascinating ladies was pre 
 ceded by a distinguished vanguard of honor, 
 Governor Heard and Ambassador Jusseraud, 
 Mayor Capdevielle and the Spanish Consul, 
 Senor Tuero y O Donnell. Then came the 
 
 COUPLES IN Tin-: MARCH. 
 Admiral Wise and Mrs. W. C. C. Clai- 
 borne. 
 
 Ex-Governor Francis and Mrs. R. T. 
 Beauregard. 
 
 Commander Lean on ge. of the French 
 cruiser Jurien de la Graviere, and Mrs. 
 O. O. Provosty. 
 
 Captain Marix. of the United States 
 cruiser Minneapolis, and Mrs. James Hulde. 
 
 Captain Veeder. of the Hartford, and 
 Miss Amelie Denegre. 
 
 Captain Wilner, of the Topeka, and Mrs. 
 Wm. Preston Johnston. 
 
 Captain Heilmer, of the Yankee, and Miss 
 Emma Zacharie. 
 
 Judge Ronthier, of Ottawa, Canada, and 
 Mrs. George Denegre. 
 
 Hon. Pierre Richard. Consul General of 
 France, and Mrs. C. E. Fenner. 
 
 Captain Merrell. United States Naval 
 Commandant, and Miss Kate McCall. 
 
 That march was part 2 of the pro 
 gramme of musical numbers, the first part 
 of which consisted of selections from the 
 old masters (17.39 to 1800). 
 
 The promenade ended when the stage was 
 reached, and the guests were received by a 
 number of ladies of the Society, and asso 
 ciated ladies, the other portion of the gen 
 eral committee acting as escort to the party 
 of prominent invites. 
 
 During all of this first and second part 
 of the programme, while the minuet and 
 
 the gavotte (dances of the last century) 
 were being danced, ladies not in 1803 cos 
 tumes were not allowed on the dancing 
 floor. 
 
 The minuet was admirably 
 
 DANCED HY FIFTY-TWO COUPLES, 
 who had been carefully trained under the 
 direction of (be Indies composing the 
 Minuet Committee. 
 
 All of the young ladies were dressed in 
 white with ornaments and gauze and scarfs 
 of colors. 
 
 The couples in the minuet were : 
 
 DANCERS IN THE MINUET. 
 
 Miss Marthe Andry and Mr. Tom 
 Lanaux. 
 
 Miss Marie Bernard and Mr. James 
 Campbell. 
 
 Miss Mina Bernard and Mr. Ben Crump. 
 
 Miss Nina Burthe and Mr. Chas. Cou- 
 turie. 
 
 Miss Lauve Boa u regard and Mr. Blanc 
 Monroe. 
 
 Miss Marguerite Beauregard and Mr. 
 Koch Chalaron. 
 
 Miss Edith Buckner and Mr. W. Leverich. 
 
 Miss Beulah Butler and Mr. II. Shears. 
 
 Miss Mathelde A. Bailey and Mr. Gaston 
 Becnel. 
 
 Miss Jeanne Correjolles and Mr. A. Robe- 
 lot. 
 
 Miss Amelie Chiapella and Mr. Sidney 
 Moreno. 
 
 Miss Lauro Chiapella and Mr. Arthur 
 Moreno. 
 
 Miss L. Chalaron and Mr. Chas. Rey 
 nolds. 
 
 Miss Amelie Claiborne and Mr. Martin 
 Matthews. 
 
 Miss Haydee Cruzat and Mr. Jas. Straw- 
 bridge. 
 
 Miss Loulou Delery and Dr. Paul de Ver 
 ges. 
 
 Miss Cora De Verges and Mr. Rene 
 Freret. 
 
 Miss Stephanie De Verges and Mr. Emile 
 Blanchard. 
 
 Miss Corinne Duplantier and Mr. James 
 Ferry. 
 
 Miss Claire I Micros and Mr. John Plaucne. 
 
 Miss Bertie Delery and Mr. Walton 
 Robertson. 
 
BANQUET TO THE RIO DE LA PLATA. 
 
 (This banquet ha vino- been given after the close of the Centennial Celebra 
 tion, under special circumstances, as the Spanish cruiser came too late to be a 
 participant in the proceedings, it is <>-iven a place in this book as a compliment 
 to our Spanish guests.) 
 
 J. M. AUGUSTIN. 
 
 Historical Banquet Under Three Flags 
 
 THE LOUISIANA SOCIETY, HOST AT THE RECENT PUR 
 CHASE CENTENIAL, CELEBRATION 
 
 Entertained the Officers of the Spanish, French and American 
 Men- of- War at a Memorable Christmas Feast. 
 
 The United States. France and Spain 
 fraternized on the night of December 25, 
 1 ( .n.:;. through their respective representa 
 tives, at the banquet given by the Louisi 
 ana Historical Society, at Antoine s Res 
 taurant. in honor of the Captain and of 
 ficers of the Spanish cruiser Rio de la 
 I hua. Those present and who took part, 
 cither in speech or tacitly, in the memor 
 able gathering will have their names in 
 scribed on one of the brightest pnges of 
 the history of Louisiana, giving the con 
 cluding record of the celebration of the 
 lirst centennial of this State as one of the 
 radiant stars in the firmament of the 
 American Union. The Louisiana Historical 
 Society, whose successful commemoration 
 of the one-hundredth anniversary of the 
 transfer of Louisiana was closed by this 
 banquet, now stands not only before the 
 people of the United States, but before the 
 whole world as having accomplished a task 
 in a manner reflecting credit and honor 
 on the gentlemen who undertook it, and 
 thus giving most of that honor and glory 
 to their own State and people. 
 
 Xo other occasion than the centennial 
 of a sovereign State could have caused 
 the assembling together of such a notable 
 army of distinguished personalities as 
 those who sat that night in that upper 
 room in the Restaurant Antoine. which, 
 by the way, is one of the landmarks of 
 this city and State, having been founded 
 in 1840 by Antoine Alciatore, father of 
 the present proprietor, mine host Jules. 
 
 PRESIDENT FORTIER 
 
 the guests, and said he was 
 happy indeed to bring the representatives 
 of France and of Spain together to meet 
 tne representative of the United States ar, 
 a banquet given in honor of the Captain 
 md officers of the Spanish Navy. These 
 
 Ibree governments having at successive 
 epochs dominated over Louisiana, it was 
 eminently proper that these representa 
 tives, on this first centennial celebration, 
 should be sitting at the same table, eu 
 joying the hospitalities of the Louisiana 
 Historical Society. 
 
 President Fortier recalled the historical 
 Spanish names of governors and public 
 men in Louisiana, and remarked that their 
 names hav been commemorated in this 
 city by the nomenclature of her streets. 
 
 In conclusion, he drank to the health o/ 
 rhe King of Spain, and repeated the toast 
 in Spanish. 
 
 HON. TUERO Y O DONNELL, 
 
 Consul of Spain, and specially designated 
 to represent his Government at the cele 
 bration of the Centennial, replied ns fol 
 lows : 
 
 The incalculable benefits secured, and, 
 it might as well be frankly and graciously 
 admitted, yet to accrue, not alone to this 
 country, but to the world at large, 
 through the acquisition by the United 
 States Government from that of France a 
 century ago of the vast tract of land then 
 known as the Louisiana Territory, have 
 been so appropriately and eloquently ex 
 patiated upon already by experienced ora 
 tors, who, besides, enjoyed the advantage 
 of using their own native tongue in which 
 to communicate their sentiments and 
 thoughts in that connection, that, really. 
 Mr. President and members of the Louisi 
 ana Historical Society, it is with a deep 
 sense of diffidence and backwardness that i 
 venture, once more to-night, to have my 
 own poor words enlarge the chorus of gen 
 uine congratulation that is due you at the 
 gorgeous and unprecedented success which 
 so deservedly has crowned your patriotic 
 initiative and masterfully directed exer- 
 
tions toward bringing about the now 
 never-to-be-forgotten commemoration of 
 that historical event, so fraught yet with 
 still more bountiful consequences for this 
 land through the unborn years of the 
 future. 
 
 However, I hope I may not be wrong 
 in judging, not only that it is out of ques 
 tion, but would be considered altogether 
 out of place for me to indulge here in any 
 long-stretched and elaborate dissertation or 
 in any attempt at an academical discourse, 
 as it were, since, as I understand it, this 
 distinguished concourse has been called to 
 gether more with the object of achieving a 
 social gathering and in the spirit of a 
 mutual fraternization of the different ele 
 ments here assembled, than with any idea 
 or desire of having well-beaten ground 
 gone over again. 
 
 Therefore, under the circumstances, you 
 will kindly permit, gentlemen, that I cut 
 short my remarks. I shall not do so, 
 though , without first, and in the name and 
 on behalf of the Government which I have 
 the honor to represent in these hospitable 
 parts, as well as in the name and on be 
 half of the Commander, officers and crew 
 of the Spanish cruiser Rio de la Plata, 
 and on my own personal account, too, with 
 out first, I say, offering you, even if ex 
 pressed in inadequate terms, our unreserved 
 assurance of keen appreciation of the many 
 marks of consideration of which we have 
 been the object at the hands of your Na 
 tional, State and city authorities, and last, 
 but certainly not least, at those of the 
 Commander and officers of the American 
 fleet here in port. 
 
 And to you also, Mr. President and 
 members of the Louisiana Historical So 
 ciety, are fairly due and hence heartily 
 tendered our choicest sentiment of thank 
 fulness and like appreciation for this de 
 lightful reception to the Spanish cruiser 
 Rio de la Plata, despite its late arrival 
 upon the scene of our recent festivities 
 over the event commemorated, which tar 
 diness, however, was entirely caused by 
 conditions controlled by Force Majeure. 
 
 Permit me, also, gentlemen, that I here 
 take occasion to formulate a vow which 
 rises to my lips from the innermost sin 
 cerity of my soul. Would to God that 
 this auspicious assemblage, at a banquet 
 table under one roof, and especially on 
 Christmas Day, of the representative ele 
 ments of different nations on a footing of 
 the most open congeniality, might but 
 prove the presaging augury of a long, long 
 reign of perfect peace, true happiness and 
 full prosperity for each of these nations, 
 respectively. 
 
 ADMIRAL WISE 
 
 responded to the toast "The President, 
 and the Army and Navy of the United 
 States." 
 
 The Admiral said he was very grateful, 
 indeed, for the cordial reception that has 
 been accorded the Navy of the United 
 States, and himself, as representing the 
 United States Government. He promised 
 to give a good account of the Louisiana 
 Historical Society when he will attend the 
 celebration by the Virginia Historical So 
 ciety of the three hundredth anniversary 
 of the founding of Jamestown. Va. 
 
 "In China," said the Admiral, "when a 
 great man dies, his people make a terrible 
 din with guns, drums, fireworks and the 
 
 like so as to notify the spirits in the 
 other world that a great personage has 
 gone to join them. When the two hun 
 dredth anniversary of the Transfer of 
 Louisiana shall be celebrated. I hope tnere 
 will be a Louisiana Historical Society to 
 make enough noise so that we will know 
 that it is still on deck." 
 
 "France" was responded to by 
 
 HON. PIERRE RICHARD, 
 Consul General of France. Mr. Richard 
 said it was possible that these centennial 
 festivities are concluded. The gentlemen 
 of the Louisiana Historical Society have 
 done admirably. They were eminently right 
 in giving the banquet in honor of the 
 Spanish officers, whose country played such 
 an important role in the early nistory of 
 Louisiana. France is also represented here. 
 Was she not the grandmother, so to speak, 
 of the people of Louisiana? Are they not 
 right, those gallant Franco-Louisianians, to 
 preserve in their hearts some love for 
 France, some regard for Laussat, the 
 Colonial Prefect who helped to transfer 
 Louisiana to the United States. And, in 
 keeping an indefaceable souvenir of the 
 mother country, they can be, at the same 
 time, loyal American citizens. Frenchmen 
 and Americans will always be friends and 
 brothers. They are citizens of the great 
 Republic of the United States and of the 
 prosperous Republic of France. May the 
 friendship of these two nations be ever 
 lasting ; and may the flags of the United 
 States and Spain and France always float 
 side by side, glorious emblems of concord 
 and of civilization. 
 
 President Fortier said that Governor 
 Heard had sent regrets that he could not 
 come. Archbishop Chapelle also sent re 
 grets. 
 
 THE TOAST TO LOUISIANA 
 
 was replied to by Lieutenant Governor 
 Estopinal. He said that Louisiana is proud 
 of her history, which has been largely 
 made up by France and Spain until the 
 United States acquired the territory ..in 
 1803. Louisianians do feel sympathy and 
 love for the country of their ancestors. 
 He wished the gallant representatives of 
 France, Spain and the United States the 
 fullest success in all their missions. 
 
 Captain Newbill, U. S. A., replied to the 
 sentiment, "The Navy of the United 
 States." lie said that Louisiana was so 
 charming that people could not call her 
 "Louisiana." but said "Lou," for short. 
 
 MAYOR CAPDEVIELLE 
 
 spoke for the City of New Orleans, and 
 warmly welcomed the distinguished 
 guests. He hoped that they would return 
 for the Carnival. The Mayor drank to the 
 prosperity of the Louisiana Historical So 
 ciety, which, he said, has given the most 
 successful celebration ever given in the 
 City of New Orleans, and. as Mayor, he 
 thanked the Society for having so well done 
 its work. 
 
 Very appropriate addresses were made by 
 General Meyer, Associate Justice Breaux, 
 Messrs. Sevilla. Claiborne. Gill, Dymoml. 
 Denegre. Thompson. Ficklen. Cusachs, 
 Waguespack, Glvnn. Zacharie and James 
 M. Augustin, the latter speaking for the 
 press of New Orleans. 
 
 Captain Pmg-Marcel made a very 
 neatly-worded address of thanks, in Span 
 ish. Captain Lemogne expressed similar 
 
thoughts in French, and Captains Veeder. 
 Marix, Heilner and Merrell. speaking fei 
 the Array and Navy, eulogized New Or 
 leans and her hospitable people, ard spoke 
 in glowing terms of the Carnival pagJ- 
 trnts. 
 
 CAPTAIN MERRELL 
 
 remarked that his being stationed in New 
 Oi-lears causss him to be envied by ever? 
 Captain in the Navy. New Orleans is a 
 continuous carnival 
 
 Captain Lemogne s speech was the lai-t 
 He said : 
 
 Me cede aux pressantes solicitations, 
 de M. le President, pour dire quelques 
 mots (JUT cloront la serie des dlscours. 
 J em.porrerai avec moi un ineffacable sou 
 venir de mon sejour a la Nouvelle Or 
 leans. M. le President, je ne dirai pas 
 adieu, mais -au revoir. Les officiers du 
 .Turien de la Graviere pensent comme 
 moi." 
 
 This means in English : 
 
 "I yield to the pressing request of the 
 President, and will say a few words to 
 close the series of speeches. 1 will take 
 with me to France an imperishable re 
 membrance of New Orleans, Mr. Presi 
 dent, and I will not say adieu, but au 
 revoir. The officers of the Jurien de la 
 Graviere feel as I do." 
 
 Perhaps not in a hundred years will 
 there be seen at the same table such emi 
 nent representatives of 
 
 FRANCE. SPAIN AND THE UNITED 
 STATES 
 
 as were together that night. 
 
 The guests and the members of the 
 Louisiana Historical Society were as 
 follows : 
 
 Rear Admiral W. C. Wise, U. S. N.. 
 commanding United States ship Min 
 neapolis ; Captain Juan Puig Marcel, 
 commanding Spanish cruiser Kio de la 
 Plata ; Captain E. Lemogne, commanding 
 the French cruiser Jurien de la Graviere : 
 President Alc6e Fortier, of the Louisiana 
 Historical Society; Hon. Paul Capde- 
 vlelle. Mayor of the City of New Orleans : 
 Hon. Charles F. Claiborhe, Hon. Pierre 
 Richard, Consul General of France ; Hon. 
 Txiero y O Donnell. Spanish Consul ; Hon. 
 Albert Estopinal. Lieutenant Governor of 
 Louisiana : Captain Marix, U. S. N., Ar- 
 sonio Ko.ji, James de Sabat. Antonio Gas 
 con, of the Spanish cruiser ; Willard 
 Douglas Newbill, Captain, U. S. A. : John 
 P. Merrell, Captain, U. S. N. : Jose M. 
 P.arrera, Captain, second in command, 01 
 the Spanish cruiser ; General Adolph 
 Meyer, M. C. ; Jose del Romero, of the 
 Spanish cruiser ; Jorge Sarbastia, Gaye- 
 tano Tejer, of the Spanish cruiser : T. E. 
 De Witt Veeder, Commander, U. S. N., 
 commanding United States ship Hart 
 ford ; Associate Justice Jos. A. lireaux, of 
 the Louisiana Supreme Court ; J. W. 
 Cruzat, Jorge Benhastro, L. C. Heilner, 
 Captain commanding United States ship 
 Yankee; Felix J. Puig, James I). Hill. 
 J. A. Hoogewerff, Hill Dombaugh, John 
 Dymond. John R. Ficklen. Henry M. Gill, 
 Jos. M. Esteve, Wm. H. Seymour. George 
 Koppel, Alfred P. Livaudais, Louis G. Le 
 Beuf, M. D., Bus. Rouen, Henry Renshaw, 
 Hon. Charles T. Soniat, P. M. Westfeldt. 
 James M. Augustin, George Lloyd-Seese. 
 General John Glynn. Jr.. Walter D. 
 Denegre. James II. Reid. W. J. Wagues- 
 pack. Frank Woodruff Kellogg. T. P. 
 Thompson. 
 
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 (Cl795slO)476B 
 
 University of California 
 Berkeley 
 
Photomount 
 Pamphlet 
 
 Binder 
 Gaylord Bros. 
 
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 PAT. JAN 21, 1808 
 
 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY