IRLF 
 
THE 
 
 Old Sixth Regiment, 
 
 ITS 
 
 WAR RECORD, 1861-5, 
 
 BY 
 
 CHARLES K. CADWELL, 
 
 Late Sergeant of Co. F. 
 
 NEW HAVEN, CONN., 1875. 
 
 NEW HAVEN: 
 
 TUTTLE, MOREHOUSE & TAYLOR, PRINTERS. 
 1875. 
 
TO 
 THE LOYAL WOMEN, 
 
 WHOSE 
 
 HUSBANDS, BROTHERS AND FRIENDS 
 
 CAST THEIR LOT WITH THE OLD SIXTH 
 
 IN 
 DEFENCE OF THE FLAG, 
 
 THIS MEMORIAL OF PATRIOTIC SERVICE IS RESPECTFULLY 
 INSCRIBED 
 
 Q\,mfj0r. 
 
INTRODUCTORY. 
 
 The object of this work is to give a true and impartial record 
 of the old Sixth Regiment during the war. The author collected 
 the facts from a private diary kept by himself while in the service. 
 Less has been known of the Sixth by our citizens than most of 
 the other regiments ; perhaps this is due partly to the fact that 
 when we arrived. in Washington Colonel Chatfield instructed 
 officers and men that it was unmilitary to write letters for the 
 press ; he desired that the War Record should know the record 
 of the Sixth, and not the newspapers only. Its history is less full 
 on this account ; yet none can say that the record of the Sixth is 
 sullied. In many trying places the regiment proved itself honor 
 ably and gained confidence from its corps and department com 
 manders. 
 
 There may be errors in this work, and if any are inclined to 
 censure, I trust they will remember that very few histories are 
 without them ; yet they are errors of the head and not of the heart. 
 If what is here written meets the approval of the old members and 
 the intelligent readers in general, I shall feel that my labors have 
 been amply rewarded. 
 
 M205562 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 In camp at New Haven. Fall in for rations. Uncle Sam s 
 "Tanyards." Squad drills. An old man s blessing. 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 Off for the conflict. Reception at Philadelphia. Through Balti 
 more at night. Cattle cars to Washington. " Soldiers Retreat" 
 in Washington. Fat pork and muddy coffee. Visit the Capitol. 
 Camp at Meridian Hill. At Annapolis, Md. Embark on an 
 Expedition. Terrible storm at sea. Incidents, &c. 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 In Port Royal harbor. The ball opens. First naval engagement 
 of the war. Forts Walker and Beauregard. Union fleet bom 
 bard the rebels. Complete rout of the enemy. Triumphant 
 victory for the Union. Great enthusiasm. Connecticut lands 
 the first troops. Terrible scenes on land. Rebel pigs and 
 chickens. Uncle Sam s rations at a discount. Warsaw Sound, 
 Ga. "Greybacks accumulate." "Sketch for special artist." 
 Spotted fever. Deaths daily The old Sixth unfit for duty. 
 
Contents. 5 
 
 Ordered to Hilton Head. Dawfuski Island Camp. Jones 
 Island on Savannah river. Fort Vulcan built of mud. Yankee 
 ingenuity and cunning displayed. High tides, &c. 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 Capture cf Fort Pulaski. Heavy bombardment. Back to Daw 
 fuski Island. North Edisto Island blackberries help Uncle 
 Sam s pork to digest. Across John s Island. Col. Chatfield s 
 speech, victory or death. Tedious rain. Guerillas cut off our 
 supplies. Three days without food. 50 cents for a "hard 
 tack." Arrive at Legareville on the Stono river. Cook rations. 
 Across the river to James Island. Tom Grimball s Planta 
 tion. Rebel advance. Battle of Secessionville. Evacuation 
 of James Island. Go to Beaufort. Band of the Sixth mustered 
 out. Expedition to Mackay s point. Battle of Pocotaligo. 
 Col. Chatfield and Lieut. Col. Speidel wounded. Whole com 
 mand return to Hilton Head. The Sixth at Beaufort. Death 
 of our department commander Maj. Gen. Mitchell. 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 Off for Florida. Land at Jacksonville. Occupy houses instead 
 of tents. Skirmish with the enemy. Streets barricaded to 
 prevent incursions of the rebel cavalry. Sermon by Rev. Mr. 
 French. Evacuation of Jacksonville by Union troops. Town 
 fired by the 8th Maine and a colored regiment. Back to Beau 
 fort. Thirty-five hours in the town. Embark again a fizzle. 
 Back to Hilton Head. Off again ; land at Folly Island. 
 Battery building at night. Speak in whispers. Up Folly river. 
 Capture of the southern portion of Morris Island. Brilliant 
 charge of the Sixth. Capture a rebel flag. Assault on Fort 
 
Contents. 
 
 Wagner. Terrible scene at night. Awful carnage. Col. Chat- 
 field twice wounded. Union force repulsed. The ranks of the 
 Sixth terribly shattered. Ordered to Hilton Head. Death of 
 Col. Chatfield. 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 
 Our new Colonel. Great dissatisfaction thereby. Part of the 
 Sixth re-enlist. Deserters shot. Death of Captain Allen. 
 Up to Virginia under Butler. Ascend the James river. Ber 
 muda Hundred. Skirmish with the enemy. Battle of Chester 
 Station. Death of Captain Wilcox. Advance on Drury s Bluff. 
 One of Butler s " masterly movements." Battle of Drury s 
 Bluff. Union forces " change front to the rear." Resignation 
 of our new Colonel. Appointment of Captain Rockwell as 
 Colonel of the Sixth. President Lincoln rides by. " What 
 mean those cheers." Battle of Strawberry Plains. Hancock s 
 works. Battle of Deep Run. In holes around Petersburg. 
 Discharge of the non re-enlisted men. Their reception in 
 New Haven. 
 
 CHAPTER VII. 
 
 Around Petersburg. Advance toward Richmond. Attack on 
 Battery Harrison. Draft riots in New York. The Sixth ordere* 
 there until after election. Back again to Virginia. Embark on 
 expedition down the James. Capture of Fort Fisher. Advance 
 on Wilmington. Skirmishing with the "Johnnies." Enemy 
 driven across North East river. At Goldsboro, N. C. Sur 
 render of Lee s army. Muster out of the Veteran Sixth at 
 New Haven. 
 
Contents. 7 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 Association of the Old Sixth meet in New Haven in May, 1868. 
 Its object. Permanent organization effected. Choice of offi 
 cers. Yearly reunions, their character, &c. Pleasant occa 
 sions. 
 
 ROSTER OF THE OLD REGIMENT. 
 
 Names of officers. Residence. Date of muster. General re 
 marks. Names of enlisted men. Substitutes and drafted. 
 Date of muster. Residence. General remarks concerning all. 
 Unassigned recruits. 
 
 ROLL OF HONOR. 
 CASUALTIES OF THE SIXTH. 
 
8 Engagements. 
 
 PRINCIPAL ENGAGEMENTS. 
 
 Hilton Head, S. C., November 7, 1861. 
 Pocotaligo, S. C., October 22, 1862. 
 James Island, S. C., June 10, 1862. 
 Secessionville, S. C., June 16, 1862. 
 Jacksonville, Florida, March 20, 1863. 
 Morris Island, S. C., July 10, 1863. 
 Fort Wagner, S. C., July 18, 1863. 
 Bermuda Hundred, Va., May 6, 1864. 
 Chester Station, Va., May 10, 1864. 
 Drury s Bluff, Va., May 16, 1864. 
 Strawberry Plains, Va., August 14, 1864. 
 Deep Run, Va., August 15, 1864. 
 Fort Fisher, N. C., January 14, 1864. 
 
THE 
 
 SIXTH REGIMENT, 
 
 CONNECTICUT VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 Early Spring in the year 1861, was an eventful one 
 in American history. Troops were organizing in all 
 the loyal States to go forth and suppress the unequal 
 war that was waged upon the people of the North. 
 Deeply was it overshadowing our land and threaten 
 ing to destroy our liberties as a nation. The shot 
 against Sumpter s wall was the key note of the Re 
 bellion, and its echo was heard in every town and 
 hamlet, uniting all loyal hearts and inspiring all the 
 people with a zeal which had hitherto remained dor 
 mant a zeal to avenge the insult offered to our flag 
 and to vindicate the nation s honor. Traitors had 
 been arrogant in our land and had openly defied any 
 power of the national government to suppress their 
 actions, but the shot from Charleston directed against 
 
ia Sixth Connecticut 
 
 a federal fort aroused the people to a stern sense of 
 duty. The call for brave men was nobly responded 
 to, and regiment after regiment took their place in 
 line, and in due time was off for the conflict. The 
 disaster that befell the three months troops in the 
 memorable Bull Run campaign, is widely known and 
 needs no repetition here. Then the call for three 
 years men was issued and again the ranks of the 
 army were rapidly filled. None heeded the call with 
 greater alacrity than the men who composed the 
 members of the Sixth Regiment. A finer regiment 
 or a more patriotic one, I venture to say, never en 
 tered the Union army ; and that they maintained the 
 honor of the State of Connecticut and reflected credit 
 on their organization, subsequent events will prove. 
 The Sixth was sworn into the State service on the 
 3d of September, in camp at Oyster Point, New 
 Haven, and on the i2th of the same month Uncle 
 Sam made us secure for three years or the war. The 
 ranks of the Sixth were filled with men who repre 
 sented almost every avocation in life. There were to 
 be found professional men, others who had made 
 science a study, as well as a number who were skilled 
 mechanics in those higher grades of industry. The 
 merchant left his counting room, the student his 
 books, the mechanic his workshop, the farmer his 
 plow, and stood shoulder to shoulder in the ranks for 
 the one grand object the suppression of the Rebellion 
 
Volunteer Infantry. n 
 
 and the restoration of the old flag. The field officers 
 of the Sixth, with one exception, had already been 
 baptized with fire, and quite a large number of the 
 rank and file had seen active service in the three 
 months campaign. John L. Chatfield of Waterbury 
 was commissioned as Colonel; Wm. G. Ely of Nor 
 wich, Lieut. Colonel ; John Speidel of Bridgeport, as 
 Major. 
 
 The first company that reported on the ground was 
 from Windham County Thomas K. Bates of Brook 
 lyn, Conn., as Captain. Three companies were fur 
 nished from New Haven, viz : Company "C," Capt. 
 Daniel Klein ; Company " F," Captain Lewis C. 
 Allen, Jr.; Company " K," Captain Henry G. Gerrish. 
 Company " B," Captain Benjamin F. Prouty, was 
 from Hartford and the adjoining towns. Company 
 " D," Captain Lorenzo Meeker, was recruited princi 
 pally from Stamford and Greenwich. Waterbury 
 and the towns along the Naugatuck Valley furnished 
 the members of Company " E," Captain Edward P. 
 Hudson. Company " G," Captain John N. Tracy, 
 was mainly from New Britain. Company " H," 
 Captain Henry Biebel, was called a Bridgeport com 
 pany, although most of the members were recruited 
 in towns and cities north of New Haven. Company 
 " I," Captain Thomas Boudren, was from Bridgeport, 
 yet the adjoining towns contributed largely to her 
 quota. 
 
12 Sixth Connecticut 
 
 The companies, although formed under each letter, 
 were not full when they reported in camp, yet recruits 
 rapidly arriving soon swelled the ranks to the maxi 
 mum number. The camp at Oyster Point was but 
 the primary school that was to fit us for the more 
 stern duties of the field, and very little care was 
 bestowed upon our future movements, nor did we 
 deem it wise to dwell upon the hardships of the 
 soldier s life when in the enemy s country. We had 
 some faint ideas of what might be, and while we 
 could exclude these thoughts from our minds we 
 considered it best to do so, knowing full well that 
 trials would come soon enough. Our duties in camp 
 were not arduous, and we patrolled our " beat " with 
 unloaded muskets and kept a vigilant watch over the 
 commissary stores at night, exercising as much care 
 as in guarding the outposts in an enemy s land. We 
 would occasionally glance at the future and try to 
 study its mysteries. There was considerable pleas 
 ure in the camp of the old Sixth, as well as its 
 sorrows, and the time was well occupied in various 
 ways and the days glided swiftly by. Friends were 
 not wanting 1 to regale our palates with choice food to 
 supercede the rations of Uncle Sam, and to ply all 
 manner of questions regarding our general health 
 and condition. Such questions as " Did we sleep on 
 feather beds ?" and " We surely could not be expected 
 to keep awake all night on guard?" and Don t they 
 
Volunteer Infantry. 13 
 
 furnish butter on bread and milk in coffee?" All 
 these questions met with a ready response, and we 
 informed our careful friends that there was nothing 
 like getting used to these things, and Uncle Sam 
 would not probably see us suffer while so many 
 patriots wanted a contract to furnish supplies. Our 
 drilling was not very proficient during the first few 
 days of camp life, from the fact that the camp was 
 filled every day with the friends of the regiment, and 
 the soldiers not having their uniforms, it was rather 
 hard to determine who were enlisted in the service 
 and who were the visitors. It is nothing detrimental 
 to say that perhaps we " smelt the battle afar off," 
 and anticipated a succession of drills when we were 
 removed from our friends and the pleasant scenes 
 that surrounded us in New Haven. But after we 
 received our uniforms and rifles, which was a few 
 days before our departure, it gave a new impetus. 
 Then the boys began to feel that they were really 
 soldiers. We would don the army blue, and with a 
 pair of Uncle Sam s brogans upon our feet, the boys 
 would respond to the order to "fall in." with great 
 alacrity ; and then such a tramp with the " tan-yards " 
 upon the parade ground was a sight amusing to 
 behold ; and woe be to that individual who had corns 
 upon his feet when such a piece of sole leather hap 
 pened to light upon them. Under the efficient leader 
 ship of our beloved Colonel, a brief period sufficed 
 
i^ Sixth Connecticut 
 
 to acquaint us with a soldier s varied duties. Each 
 soldier received from Uncle Sam the usual equipment 
 of kitchen utensils, which consisted of tin cup and 
 plate, together with a knife, fork and spoon, and the 
 men require no drilling to learn their use. If the 
 order to capture a rebel fort was responded to with 
 as much speed as the boys obeyed the call to "fall in 
 for rations," the cause of the Union would not suffer 
 defeat at the hands of its defenders. 
 
 But all things have an end, and so it was with our 
 pleasant camp at Oyster Point. After receiving the 
 usual articles necessary for transportation, we re 
 ceived our marching orders. There was the usual 
 bustle and excitement incident to breaking up a 
 camp of soldiers, and each one felt that the time for 
 parting with friends had come. Friendly greetings 
 were heard on every hand. Many hearty hand-shakes 
 and " God bless you," were given with a will, and not 
 a few were bathed in tears as the last good-bye was 
 said. Many fond parents bade farewell to sons for 
 the last time on earth. Lovers greeted those whose 
 ties of affection and sympathy endeared them to each 
 other, and fondly cherished the hope that they would 
 meet again when the war was over. Our city fathers 
 were not lacking in their praise at our soldierly bear 
 ing, and extended a prayerful wish for a speedy and 
 triumphant return to our home and loved ones. 
 One good old man, the Hon. James Brewster, from 
 
Volunteer Infantry. 15 
 
 whose name Company "F" Was called Brewster 
 Rifles, appeared in camp to the company he was so 
 endeared to, and made them a speech, recounting the 
 hardships and perils of a soldier s life, and expressing 
 a wish to hear a good report from Company " F." 
 As we gazed upon the venerable aspect of this good 
 man, whose counsel and judgment were entitled to so 
 much respect, we could not but inwardly resolve that 
 our best efforts should be put forth in defense of the 
 sacred liberties which had been such a strong bul 
 wark to our nation. Many were affected to tears 
 during his address, and I doubt not the memory of 
 that hour made a lasting impression on many hearts 
 present as he closed with an old man s blessing. 
 
16 Sixth Connecticut 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 Tuesday, Sept. 17, was ushered in by a warm sun 
 and a genial atmosphere, which only served to in 
 crease our interest in the busy scenes that were before 
 us, for we were all aware that the old Sixth would 
 soon be en route for the seat of war. The colonel 
 and staff were busy issuing orders, captains of com 
 panies were instructed to issue no passes to leave 
 camp, and so far as was practicable all visitors were 
 excluded from the precincts of the camp proper. 
 The cooks were busy preparing our rations, and 
 every one seemed to think himself an important per 
 sonage around the cook s tent. As the day wore on 
 the clouds began to thicken, portending a storm, and 
 as the call was sounded by the drummers at 2 o clock 
 to "strike tents," the rain came down copiously. 
 We rolled up the wet canvass as expeditiously as 
 possible, which was quickly loaded on our army 
 wagons, together with other camp equipage. 
 
 We received two days rations for our haversacks, 
 consisting of boiled ham and hard bread, to nourish 
 the inner man, and were soon in line for our departure, 
 
Volunteer Infantry. 17 
 
 but the usual delays incident to such an occasion 
 kept us in line about three hours. 5 o clock came, 
 and with it the order to "Forward, march." The 
 band struck up "The gal I left behind me," and we 
 marched through the rain and mud to Belle Dock. 
 The rain did not dampen the ardor of the boys nor 
 decrease the patriotism of the citizens of the Elm 
 City. Handkerchiefs from fair ones waved us adieu ; 
 men shouted " God bless the boys," together with 
 the martial music of the band to increase the enthu 
 siasm, made our departure from New Haven pleasant 
 to contemplate. Pleasant, from the fact that we 
 felt that the prayers and best wishes of our good 
 people would go with us, as incentives to noble 
 principles and holy action. We embarked on the 
 steamer Elm City and soon stretched ourselves on 
 the several decks and in the cabin, glad enough for a 
 chance to rest ourselves, for the rain had drenched us 
 through to the skin. The boat left her moorings at 
 8 o clock, and when we awoke we found ourselves 
 alongside the dock at Jersey City. For some un 
 known reason we did not disembark till about noon. 
 At 2 p. M. we left by rail for the capital of the nation. 
 Arriving at Philadelphia we were entertained at the 
 Union Refreshment Rooms with a bountiful collation, 
 which was indeed refreshing to the inner man, and it 
 also gave evidence of a large stock of loyalty on the 
 part of the good people of that city. Every regiment 
 
i8 Sixth Connecticut 
 
 passing through the city were made heartily welcome 
 to their hospitality, and none will ever forget the 
 hearty cheers and the " God speed " which was heard 
 on every hand. 
 
 Leaving Philadelphia, our next stopping place was 
 at Perryville, where we arrived at 8 o clock in the 
 evening. We were delayed here about two hours, 
 and were then ferried across the river to Havre-de- 
 Grace, when we again started by rail for Baltimore, 
 arriving there at 10 p. M. No cheers for the Union 
 soldier startled our ears at this place. No demon 
 stration of delight at our arrival, but all seemed 
 sullen, and their actions showed more of a secession 
 spirit than otherwise. We were ordered to fix bay 
 onets before we crossed the city, for the memory of 
 the Massachusetts Sixth who had preceded us was 
 not forgotten, and a repetition of those scenes would 
 not have found us unprepared. The spilled blood of 
 the Massachusetts Sixth will ever be a stain upon the 
 records of the Monumental City while this generation 
 inhabits this mundane sphere. 
 
 We crossed the city to the depot where we found 
 cars waiting to transport us to Washington. We 
 were huddled aboard cars that we understood were 
 used to transport cattle the day previous, and we had 
 no reason to disbelieve the report, for the muck and 
 filth covered the floors to such a depth that anything 
 short of a pair of Uncle Sam s "tan-yards" would 
 
Volunteer Infantry. /<? 
 
 have been lost sight of in a short time. However, 
 we accepted the situation, believing that it all made 
 up the three years of a soldier s life. We arrived 
 in Washington on the i9th, at 6 o clock in the 
 morning, very much fatigued by our wearisome ride 
 in the cattle cars, wishing, longing, hoping, for what 
 the soldier calls " a good square meal." We expected 
 Washington would not be behind Philadelphia in 
 this respect, and after stacking our arms and waiting 
 patiently for about two hours our ears were startled 
 by that sound so welcome to every soldier, " Fall in 
 for rations." They marched us into a building hav 
 ing a sign over the door reading " Soldiers Retreat." 
 Visions of cold ham and soft bread appeared unto us, 
 and that beverage, which always cheers but does not 
 inebriate, we thought we smelt afar off; but alas, for 
 a soldier s hopes. What a sight greeted our eyes as 
 we filed into that building. Three long rows of 
 tables, running the length of the building, were piled 
 up with chunks of half boiled pork which looked as 
 if they had been cut from the hog when just killed, 
 for the bristles were long enough to lift up each piece 
 by. A quantity of stale and musty bread and some 
 very muddy coffee, completed our bill of fare. We 
 had not anticipated such a re-treat as this ; however, 
 we felt that it was nothing like getting used to these 
 things, and we did retreat and got our breakfast at 
 the eating houses. We had a few hours to see the 
 
2O Sixth Connecticut 
 
 sights of the city, and improved them by a visit to 
 the Capitol and House of Representatives, also the 
 Senate chamber, where some of the boys sat down in 
 the chair which Jeff. Davis had vacated, just to see how 
 it would seem. Others made impromptu speeches 
 on the great questions which were agitating our 
 country. 
 
 The camp which was assigned to us was out to 
 Meridian Hill, about four miles from the capitol, and 
 thither we marched and pitched our tents, and were 
 quite willing to enjoy a comfortable snooze when the 
 drums beat the tatoo. 
 
 The Sixth was brigaded with the Fourth and Sev 
 enth New Hampshire and the Seventh Connecticut, 
 which arrived the next day, all under command of 
 Brig. Gen. H. G. Wright. 
 
 A member of Co. " B " was taken ill when but a 
 few days in camp, and was removed to Columbia 
 Hospital, where he died of congestion of the brain 
 on the 26th of September. This was the first death 
 since our organization. Death claimed another vic 
 tim in a member of Co. " F," Theodore Gibbons by 
 name. He died on the yth of October. 
 
 The twenty days of our camp life in Washington 
 was one unceasing drill : morning drills by the ser 
 geants, before breakfast ; company drill after that 
 meal was over ; then the brigade drill after dinner, 
 taken with our other duties, made our time pretty 
 
Volunteer Infantry. 21 
 
 much all occupied. We began to see in these extra 
 duties the inner life of a soldier, and our proficiency 
 in drill was manifest from day to day, yet as we heard 
 of the clash of war and read the accounts of skir 
 mishes, we longed to be at the front where we might 
 participate in those stirring scenes. Several times 
 during our camp life here, we were called into line 
 and extra rounds of cartridges given us, w r ith the 
 orders to hold ourselves in readiness to move at a 
 moment s notice, but as often dismissed to await the 
 next call. 
 
 On the 8th day of October we left Washington by 
 rail for Annapolis, Maryland, and arrived there after 
 a wearisome ride of twelve hours. We were quar 
 tered in the Navy Yard for a few days, which gave us 
 an opportunity of seeing a few of the relics of the 
 war of 1812. Many ancient looking swords, old flint 
 lock muskets and wooden canteens were among the 
 collection. A few days passed and we went outside 
 the town and pitched our tents near a grove of fine 
 old trees, where we might have better facilities for 
 drilling, &c. We were inspected several times by 
 prominent officers of the regular army, which gave 
 evidence of some movement or other on foot, and a 
 short time elapsed ere it was noised abroad that we 
 were going on an expedition. 
 
 The i9th of October found us all packed up and 
 tramping up the gang-planks of the steamers to sail 
 
 3 
 
22 Sixth Connecticut 
 
 on the great expedition, with sealed orders, under 
 Gen. Sherman. The right wing of our regiment was 
 assigned to the steamship Marion, the left wing to 
 the steamer Parkersburg. There were seventeen 
 regiments in all, and thirty-three steam transports to 
 hold us, besides quite a fleet of gunboats, made up 
 the entire fleet. Such formidable looking boats pre 
 sented to our vision, gave evidence of something 
 else beside a mere excursion. We knew that hard 
 work and fighting were before us and that only a few 
 days would elapse ere we should see the rebel soil. 
 Weighing anchor, we passed down the bay to 
 Hampton Roads, Va., where we remained several 
 days, waiting like Micawber, for something to turn 
 up. Finally, the union jack gave the signal for sail 
 ing, and glad enough were we at the prospect of soon 
 being able to step on terra firma once more. Two 
 days out from Hampton Roads we experienced a 
 terrible storm at sea, and for several hours the pros 
 pects of seeing anything but a broken wreck and 
 finding a watery grave, were exceedingly dubious. 
 Wave after wave poured over us. The hatches were 
 fastened and everything on deck was lashed tight to 
 prevent being washed away. The red glare of the 
 lightning, with the terrific peals of thunder, made the 
 scene awfully grand. Now in the trough of the sea 
 and another moment upon the crest of the waves, 
 with all on board terribly sea-sick, was a picture not 
 
Volunteer Infantry. 23 
 
 very pleasant to dwell upon. Our fleet became scat 
 tered and two vessels were sunk ; others had horses 
 washed overboard ; while another was forced to 
 throw into the deep her entire armament, which con 
 sisted of some improved guns which we expected 
 would do some very effective service. A merciful 
 Providence permitted us to outride the storm and 
 once more see the scattered fleet all together again, 
 save those that went to the bottom. Many a prayer 
 of thankfulness went up to God for our safe deliver 
 ance from such a storm. 
 
 A day or two of pleasant sailing brought us at 
 anchor in the harbor of Port Royal, South Carolina, 
 with two very formidable looking rebel batteries on 
 either side of the harbor. Here we saw that our 
 mission was to reduce these works and gain a foot 
 hold on South Carolina soil. The rebel soldiers gazed 
 at us from their strongholds, and two very scaly look 
 ing gunboats ventured down from their hiding place a 
 short distance above the batteries, and sent us their 
 compliments in the shape of a few shells for about 
 the space of half an hour, but with no damage to our 
 fleet; but as soon as one of Uncle Sam s boats gave 
 them a few messengers of war, they were glad enough 
 to change front to the rear and troubled us no more 
 that day. 
 
24 Sixth Connecticut 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 The yth of November, 1861, will ever remain in 
 the history of the war as one in which a grand victory 
 perched upon the banner of the Union ; when treason 
 and rebellion received a blow from which they never 
 fully recovered. The members of the old Sixth will 
 not soon forget the events that transpired. Our gun 
 boats were occupied several hours in getting into 
 position to do the most effective service, and after 
 forming into a circle, with the grand old frigate 
 Wabash taking the lead, they sailed around once and 
 then opened fire upon those strongholds of rebellion. 
 The enemy were evidently expecting something of 
 the kind, for they returned the fire with great prompt 
 ness. Fort Walker, on Hilton Head, seemed deter 
 mined to drive the Union fleet away from the harbor, 
 while Fort Beauregard, on Bay Point, which was 
 opposite, played comparatively a small part, for all 
 her shell fell short of the mark. As the boats moved 
 nearer and nearer the engagement became more gen 
 eral, and shot and shell flew like hail through the air ; 
 those of the enemy doing little execution, while our 
 
Volunteer Infantry. 25 
 
 shells seemed to stir up the sand around and in their 
 batteries at almost every fire. The troops on the 
 transports watched the engagement with intense in 
 terest, while broadside after broadside were poured 
 into those doomed works of treason. Orders were 
 signalled to have the troops prepare, in light march 
 ing order, to land at short notice. We were confident 
 the battle would be short and decisive, as the rebels 
 could not withstand such terrible odds. As the bat 
 tle raged, our boats directed a part of their fire into 
 the woods that skirted the shore on Hilton Head. 
 What could that be for ? was the query ; when it was 
 announced that the rebels were routed and were 
 retreating through the woods ; and such we learned 
 to be a fact, as they could easily be discerned by the 
 glass, making their escape in that direction. A few 
 more well-directed shots, and the firing ceased ; then 
 we knew the victory was ours. A boat was lowered 
 and manned by a picked crew of man-of-wars men, 
 who pulled for the shore with great speed, landed and 
 made their way into the fort on Hilton Head and 
 raised the glorious stars and stripes on the rebel flag 
 staff. Words cannot describe the events that followed 
 in a few brief moments. The battle had been waged 
 precisely five hours when the victory was announced. 
 Liberty was triumphant over the despotism of slavery. 
 The different bands on the steamers struck up the 
 national airs, songs were sung, and cheer after cheer 
 
 3* 
 
26 Sixth Connecticut 
 
 rent the air from thousands of throats, while the loud 
 huzzas swept through the fleet like a whirlwind, and 
 not a few prayers arose to the God of battles for 
 giving us such a signal victory. 
 
 Thus was witnessed the first naval engagement of 
 the war. Preparations were now made to land the 
 troops, as it was feared the rebels would rally and 
 contest the possession. The Connecticut troops were 
 selected to land first, and the Sixth, with Lieut. Col. 
 Ely in command, were put aboard the steamer Win- 
 field Scott, while the Seventh, under Col. Terry, was 
 in boats in tow of the steamer. The steamer ran as 
 near the beach as she could, when we got into lighters 
 and jumped into the swelling surf a cold bath for us 
 at 10 o clock at night, with water up to armpits, our 
 arms upstretched, with our rifles and cartridge boxes 
 to "keep our powder dry;" but all were in good 
 spirits and seemed willing to undergo any hardship 
 to save the Union and the suppression of the infernal 
 Rebellion. 
 
 We took possession of the rebel works after we 
 landed, without making any formal demand therefor, 
 and not until we landed did we know what dreadful 
 havoc our shells had made ; the sight beggars descrip 
 tion. The dead and wounded lay in heaps, and the 
 air resounded with groans and petitions for help. 
 We built huge fires to dry ourselves, stationed our 
 pickets and lay upon our arms, not daring to explore 
 
Volunteer Infantry. 27 
 
 the island very far the first night, for fear of an am 
 buscade. The night was spent without sleep, as we 
 were thoroughly drenched through, and we were 
 glad to hail the morning light. A detachment of 
 three companies under Lieut. Col. Ely explored the 
 lower part of the island, and met a few of the enemy 
 who had not succeeded in getting away ; had a brisk 
 skirmish with them, in which they retreated. The 
 detachment brought into camp two fine brass how 
 itzers, with a valuable pair of horses, besides seventy 
 other horses, six mules, six wagons, two yoke of 
 oxen, together with other valuable property of a 
 total value of $50,000; but no credit was ever given 
 us, not even a quartermaster s receipt. 
 
 The island of Hilton Head was very rich and fer 
 tile ; the cotton fields were ripe, waiting for the 
 second picking. The palmetto tree was green and 
 the air as balmy as June. Sweet potatoes were plenty, 
 to be had for the digging. Every building near the 
 fort was riddled by our shells, while the tents were 
 torn into shreds. Our surgeons provided for the 
 wounded as well as they could with the means at 
 hand. Many of the dead were literally torn to atoms, 
 and some w r ere half buried where they fell ; guns 
 were dismounted, army wagons smashed, and many 
 fine horses and mules lay in heaps. During the bom 
 bardment, a rebel gunner, wearing a red shirt, was 
 noticed by our fleet to occupy a very prominent 
 
28 Sixth Connecticut 
 
 position on the parapet, and was seen to pat his gun 
 every time he fired it, and we found one arm with a 
 piece of red flannel upon it near the gun, which 
 seemed to be all that was left of him ; he was evi 
 dently blown to atoms. Those who succeeded in 
 getting away alive must have beat a hasty retreat, for 
 knapsacks, blankets and rifles lay in confusion all 
 around, and were found at almost every step for 
 miles through the woods. The armament of the fort 
 was 22 heavy guns, most of which were rifled and of 
 the most approved pattern ; and two heavy globe-sight 
 rifled cannon, the gift of some neutral English friends 
 to the Confederate States. 
 
 For a short time Uncle Sam s rations were at a dis 
 count, as the trophies of war in live stock seemed 
 abundant. Pigs were roaming at will, only to be 
 confiscated by a soldier ; chickens and geese were 
 found in large numbers, and we regaled our palates 
 with sweet potatoes, sugar cane, roast pig and broiled 
 chickens. The commissary stores of the rebels were 
 probably larger at this time than during the latter 
 days of the confederacy. But after a while of sump 
 tuous living, we were obliged to fall back on our 
 regular salt junk and hard tack. 
 
 After the stars and stripes, the State flag of Connec 
 ticut was the first to wave over South Carolina soil, and 
 the Connecticut troops made the first advance into 
 the interior. 120 head of beef cattle, numerous pork- 
 
Volunteer Infantry. 29 
 
 ers, large quantities of chickens and other fowls were 
 brought in from the adjoining plantations in the days 
 that followed, but these latter captures had to be 
 turned over to the Quartermaster, except occasionally 
 some fowl or porker that was slyly appropriated by a 
 soldier for a " side dish " to accompany the junk and 
 tack. We made frequent skirmishes over the island, 
 but the foe had departed and the negroes were the 
 sole occupants of the homes of their masters. The 
 groves of orange trees at Seabrook s plantation were 
 very fragrant, and the ripe fruit was quickly disposed 
 of as contraband of war. We scouted out to the 
 plantation owned by one Graham, which was about 
 five miles from Hilton Head. There we found quite 
 a village of negroes, who seemed pleased to see the 
 " Yankees," as they termed us ; and on our inquiry as 
 to the whereabouts of their masters, their reply was, 
 "I dunno, massa ; dun gone for true dis time; spect 
 him a right smart way off." The plantation of 
 " Squire Pope," as the negroes called him, was a 
 lovely place, indeed. The fine old southern mansion 
 was situated in a large grove of live oak trees, with 
 ample grounds neatly fenced. Large groves of orange 
 trees, whose fragrance filled the air and gave evidence 
 of the home of contentment and wealth, but the 
 occupants had fled and left their household goods to 
 the mercy of the soldiers. Two spacious libraries 
 were in the house, filled with books. Heavy plate 
 
jo Sixth Connecticut 
 
 glass mirrors and fine oil paintings adorned the 
 walls, which, together with the rich furniture, made 
 the place seem too good to be destroyed by the ruth 
 less hand of war. 
 
 Our forces were busily engaged in unloading the 
 transports of their cargoes; piles of lumber were 
 brought ashore and three large storehouses were 
 erected on the island to hold Uncle Sam s rations; 
 and everything indicated that Uncle Sam was to hold 
 possession. Wheelbarrows, pickaxes and shovels 
 were numerous, and we soon learned their use. A 
 long line of earthworks was thrown up by the troops 
 for protection from any advance that might be made. 
 While we remained at Hilton Head we became very 
 proficient with the shovel and pick, and for a time 
 our rifles became rusty ; but the same could not be 
 said of our shovels. 
 
 The early months of winter, 1862-3, the Sixth re 
 mained on the island, perfecting themselves in drill 
 and awaiting orders ; and the 2oth of January found 
 us with orders to embark on a secret expedition under 
 Gen. Wright. We were hurried aboard of the steamer 
 Cosmopolitan, a boat much too small to accommo 
 date our regiment ; but we were informed that our 
 stay aboard would be of brief duration perhaps 
 only a day or two would elapse before we should 
 land. We accepted the situation, as it all made up 
 the three years of a soldier s life. A storm set in and 
 
Volunteer Infantry. ji 
 
 kept the fleet in the harbor for nearly a week ; after 
 which we weighed anchor and dropped down to 
 Warsaw Sound, Ga., with the idea of avoiding Fort 
 Pulaski and capturing Savannah by the way of an 
 inlet. A long experiment was made by our gun 
 boats, while the transports with the troops lay in 
 Warsaw Sound. Commodore Tatnall, of the rebel 
 navy, with his "mosquito fleet," as it was named, 
 made several assaults on our gunboats, but was in 
 variably compelled to withdraw without any advan 
 tage gained. Our condition on shipboard was de 
 plorable ; so cramped were we for room that when 
 we lay on the decks at night one could not walk 
 among the sleeping forms without stepping on a 
 soldier. For sixteen days we were fed on salt pork 
 and beef, and no vegetables, with hard tack that was 
 full of vermin, and water that had been put in kero 
 sene oil barrels three months before. The water was 
 so thick in one barrel that the writer saw, it could be 
 lifted up on the finger. It was so nauseating and 
 foul that when poured into the sea, the water was 
 discolored by it. We had no water to cleanse our 
 bodies, save what the sea afforded, and salt water 
 without soap is not very good to cleanse with. Dirt 
 and filth prevailed to an alarming extent, and "gray- 
 backs," as the boys called them, accumulated upon 
 our bodies in a fearful manner. As one Dutchman 
 expressed it, he had lice so big, " shust like wheat." 
 
j2 Sixth Connecticut 
 
 None were exempt from these pests, from the Colonel 
 down. So alarming was our condition that the whole 
 brigade was ordered ashore that we might bathe and 
 wash our clothes while the boats were fumigated. 
 Scarcely had we landed ere the whole beach presented 
 a ludicrous appearance a sight of which a " special 
 artist " might envy that of a brigade of soldiers 
 stripped to the waist, picking off these vermin. We 
 remained ashore one day and then returned to our 
 old quarters on board the ship, and in a short time 
 were as filthy as ever. Severe sickness in the form of 
 " spotted fever " broke out in the ranks of the Sixth 
 in consequence, and became so aggravating that there 
 was an average of four or five deaths daily. Large 
 strong men were attacked in the morning and before 
 night were dead. It baffled the skill of our surgeons, 
 who worked with untiring zeal to break up this 
 dread malady. Death seemed near at hand ; and to 
 pass away by a foul disease contracted by being kept 
 amid such filth was hard to contemplate. All ex 
 pressed a desire rather to face all the guns of the 
 rebel army than to meet death in this manner. 
 
 A religious interest sprang up and prayer meetings 
 were held in the cabins every evening. Many were 
 converted and a large number professed Christ as 
 their only hope. The Division Surgeon came on 
 board and pronounced our condition as a very criti 
 cal one, and said we must be sent back to Hilton 
 
Volunteer Infantry, 33 
 
 Head to recruit; so back we went, although we 
 would have preferred to go with the fleet if our quar 
 ters had been suitable to stay in. News of our ill 
 ness reached the Head before we did, and when we 
 landed, there were none to bid us welcome ; all the 
 soldiers kept at a safe distance. We pitched our 
 camp on the old parade ground of the Ninth Maine 
 Regiment, but no soldiers ventured near to greet us, 
 as is usual on such occasions. One regiment sent us 
 some coffee, bringing it as far as our camp guard and 
 leaving it for us to take at our pleasure. 
 
 Being once more on mother earth, with plenty of 
 exercise and the facilities for keeping clean, the regi 
 ment rapidly improved in health, deaths became less 
 frequent, and we felt like ourselves once more. As 
 soon as practicable we were detailed to work on the 
 fortifications, and the pick and shovel were not al 
 lowed to rust. The 2oth of March again found us 
 under marching orders ; this time our destination 
 was Dawfuskie Island. We embarked in the morn 
 ing and landed at 10 o clock at night; marched 
 through the woods to the end of the island opposite 
 Fort Pulaski. A drenching rain made our march 
 very wearisome, and we were glad enough to find a 
 chance for rest a short time before daybreak. 
 
 Dawfuski Island was a beautiful place. The groves 
 of orange and fig trees were in blossom and their 
 fragrance filled the air. The pomegranate and per- 
 
34 Sixth Connecticut 
 
 simmon looked fine indeed, and the plantations were 
 beautified with many choice flowers in full bloom. 
 The Sixth made several reconnoissances up New 
 River, toward Savannah, and watched the enemy in 
 that direction. Part of our regiment was selected to 
 occupy Jones Island, which was on the Savannah 
 River, about midway between Fort Pulaski and the 
 city. A few companies of the Forty-eighth New 
 York Regiment had preceded us and were engaged 
 in building a fort to prevent the enemy from rein 
 forcing Pulaski. We built a. corduroy road across 
 the island by laying several tiers of logs across each 
 other; and it was with extreme difficulty we could 
 gain a foothold, as the mud was so soft we would 
 slip and go down knee deep into the mud. None but 
 Connecticut Yankees would have thought it possible 
 to fortify themselves in such a place. There was not a 
 tree or shrub on the whole island ; nothing but tall 
 rank sea grass. We pitched our tents in the mud ; 
 banked them up with mud, and it was mud every 
 where. At some of the high tides the entire island 
 was covered with water to the depth of several inches. 
 The writer has a vivid recollection of being awakened 
 one night with the water surging into his ears, and 
 we were all obliged to get up from our bed of sea 
 grass and wait for the tide to recede, with no more 
 sleep that night. The confederacy and its leaders did 
 not receive very flattering compliments from the 
 
Volunteer Infantry. 35 
 
 Union soldiers about this time, or the writer s ears 
 deceived him. 
 
 We managed, however, by excessive labor, to build 
 a fort of mud, with the assistance of a few bags of 
 sand which we got out of the river when the tide was 
 low. The hot southern sun baked the mud quite 
 hard as we piled it up, and by degrees we managed 
 to get a foundation secure enough to mount nine 
 heavy guns, which we drew across the island by night. 
 The task was very laborious, and many gave way to 
 fevers and other diseases, which made extra duty for 
 those who managed to survive. Day after day we 
 worked in mud and water up to our knees. The 
 gnats and mosquitos were so thick we tied cloths 
 around our heads to get a partial relief from the 
 insects. Our water for cooking and drinking pur 
 poses we got from the river; it was brackish and 
 insipid enough, and many sighed for a cooling 
 draught from the old oaken buckets of our northern 
 homes. 
 
36 Sixth Connecticut 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 The batteries on Tybee Island being already very 
 strongly entrenched (the mortars out of sight of the 
 fort), everything appeared ready for the battle. 
 The Seventh Connecticut was assigned the duty of 
 serving at the mortar batteries and other troops were 
 on duty at the rifled guns. The work before us 
 seemed no easy task, considering the strength of the 
 enemy. Fort Pulaski s walls were seven feet thick 
 and mounted one tier of guns in embrasures and on 
 en barbette. It was a huge five-sided fortress and was 
 said to have been built by a Connecticut Yankee. 
 Twenty guns, including ro-inch Columbiads, bore 
 upon our batteries at Tybee, which had a decidedly 
 unpleasant look. Col. Olmstead, the commander of 
 Pulaski, was once more and for the last time invited 
 to surrender; but he sternly refused by saying he was 
 put there to defend the fort and not surrender it. 
 Our batteries opened the ball at 8 o clock on the 
 morning of the roth of April by a signal gun from 
 battery Halleck. Simultaneously all the guns and 
 mortars blazed away with such a deafening roar that 
 
Volunteer Infantry. jy 
 
 the very island itself seemed to shake in its marshy 
 anchorage. From that hour onward till the surren 
 der, the artillery fire against the solid masonry of 
 Pulaski s walls was terrific. The rebels replied vig 
 orously and in a determined manner. The smoke 
 was so dense that the sun was obscured. At a quar 
 ter to eleven o clock the rebel flag-staff was shot away 
 and the rebel rag tumbled down. This was hailed 
 w^ith intense cheers and seemed to add new zeal to 
 the soldiers who manned our guns. The distance 
 between the combatants was at least a mile, yet it 
 was very evident that nearly all our shots were tell 
 ing. Our solid shot brought away great piles of 
 masonry and clouds of brick dust filled the air. All 
 day long an incessant fire was kept up, and at night 
 the mortar batteries sent their compliments while the 
 others ceased. At daylight the next morning the 
 battle was resumed with its accustomed vigor, and in 
 the early part of the forenoon a large breach was 
 made in the walls. Guns were dismounted and seen 
 to fall, yet the rebs seemed as tenacious as ever. Our 
 gunners directed their fire toward the magazine of 
 the fort in such well-directed shots that the rebels, 
 fearing an explosion, hoisted the " white flag " at two 
 o clock, April nth, and its appearance was greeted 
 with the wildest enthusiasm. Cheer after cheer rent 
 the air as victory had once more perched on our ban 
 ners. The firing ceased, the smoke cleared away, and 
 
J& Sixth Connecticut 
 
 then we saw plainly the great destruction our shells 
 had made. The Seventh Connecticut had the honor 
 of taking possession of the works and was also 
 awarded the rebel flag. 
 
 After the fall of the fort, Col. Chatfield was ordered 
 to dismantle Fort Vulcan, on Jones Island, the bat- 
 .tery of mud upon which we had worked with so much 
 zeal. But, by some misunderstanding, our gunboats 
 were drawn off, which left us in rather an unpleasant 
 predicament, had the rebels chosen to come from 
 Savannah and attack us. But Col. Chatfield was 
 equal to any emergency, and with his usual foresight 
 and calm self-possession, he dismounted the zo-inch 
 columbiad in the night and floated it on a raft over 
 to Pulaski, where it arrived safely the next day. In 
 its place we mounted a black log with a barrel on 
 one end. After our evacuation, Johnnie Reb sallied 
 doAvn the river and captured the " Quaker." We re 
 sumed our pleasant camping ground on Dawfuski 
 Island, which was quite a pleasing contrast with that 
 on Jones Island ; but the arduous labors imposed 
 upon the Regiment for the past few weeks began to 
 tell upon the men and patients at the hospital were 
 numerous. 
 
 We remained here drilling, and with our usual 
 camp duties, till the last week in May, when we were 
 ordered to report at Hilton Head, again embarking 
 on that dreaded steamer Cosmopolitan, but did not 
 
Volunteer Infantry. 39 
 
 remain on board very long this time, for, upon re 
 porting to the General, we sailed for North Edisto 
 Island, and arrived there in the evening of May 226.. 
 Large quantities of blackberries were ripe in the 
 field, and we found them very palatable and we 
 thought they helped Uncle Sam s pork to digest. 
 The Brigade under Gen. Wright was here reorganized 
 and composed of the following troops : 6th Conn.; 
 47th New York ; 55th and 97th Penn. Regiments. 
 We here spent the time in brigade drills and the 
 usual picket duties till the ist of June, when we 
 crossed over to John s Island. We expected our des 
 tination would be somewhere in the vicinity of 
 Charleston, and were not disappointed. After march 
 ing several miles we halted at a large sugar planta 
 tion for rest. Col. Chatfield addressed us on our 
 mission, and assured us we were marching on to vic 
 tory or death, as we were going into the hot bed of 
 rebeldom and undoubtedly would see some hard fight 
 ing; but he was confident we would meet the issue 
 with determined bravery, and he was to " lead us for 
 ward." This last remark brought forth cheer after 
 cheer for our gallant Colonel. The members of the 
 Sixth felt justly proud of Col. Chatfield. 
 
 Our march across John s Island was slow and 
 tedious, as the guerillas infested us on all sides. Our 
 cavalry scouts were ever on the alert, but, as the road 
 was new to them the rebs used every advantage 
 
4O Sixth Connecticut 
 
 against us. Our wagon trains were cut off and the 
 command was without food for three days. Men 
 offered 50 cents for a hard-tack. One soldier offered 
 to eat a dog if it could be found. A body of cavalry 
 moved to the rear and assisted greatly in dispersing 
 the guerillas, and we were again rejoiced to see some 
 salt junk. To add to our discomfort, a drenching 
 rain storm set in which lasted three days, and while 
 we were without tents or shelter of any kind except 
 a gum blanket. To skirmish the woods through the 
 briers and underbrush all day and lay on our arms at 
 night with our clothes wet through and flesh all par 
 boiled, was not very agreeable. We were not allowed 
 to build a fire on any condition, as our near approach 
 to the foe might discover our strength. When we 
 arrived at the little village of Legareville, on the 
 Stono River, opposite James Island, we found none to 
 oppose us; all had fled. The poor shanties that com 
 posed the village \vere the only dry wood available for 
 fires; we concluded we would confiscate enough to 
 dry our clothing and cook our pork. As we were 
 now within sight of the Johnnies, no further seclu 
 sion seemed necessary, for in a few days at least, we 
 expected to "get together," and we knew we should 
 have more zeal with a good square meal in our 
 stomach and dry clothes upon our backs. Our chap 
 lain counted eighty-three fires made on the ground, 
 with an average of five cups to each fire, cooking 
 
Volunteer Infantry. 41 
 
 pork, bacon and coffee. Col. Chatfield was assigned 
 to the command of our Brigade, and on the evening 
 of June 8th, he moved across the river to James 
 Island, which is only about four and a half miles 
 from Charleston. We rested for the night on Tom 
 Grimball s plantation. The enemy attacked us the 
 next night in our front, but were repulsed after a 
 brisk skirmish of an hour s duration. The Connect 
 icut battery was here, doing excellent service under 
 Captain Rockwell, and the gun boats shelled the 
 enemy over our heads, both of which proved valuable 
 assistants to us. The Sixth held the advance picket 
 line on the left for several days, and the rebels an 
 noyed us exceedingly by sudden dashes through the 
 woods upon our front, but we held our position 
 firmly and repulsed every sortie made. Their sharp 
 shooters, posted in trees and in places where they 
 could see our position, very often shot down the 
 picket without giving us a chance to fire back unless 
 we fired at random. Gen. Wright remarked to his 
 staff that he could rest quietly while the Sixth Con 
 necticut held the advance ; he was not afraid of the 
 picket line being deserted, as was the case with a 
 Pennsylvania regiment who ran into camp in great 
 haste one night, reporting the advance of the whole 
 force of the Johnnies, when it was found that only 
 a few of them had ventured near our lines to see 
 what material Uncle Sam s boys were made of. Gen. 
 
42 Sixth Connecticut 
 
 Wright promptly sent them back to their post, with 
 orders to remain there till properly relieved. The 
 pickets kept up their fire along the lines, and many 
 were killed and wounded without extending the line 
 on either side. 
 
 The battle of Secessionville was fought the i6th of 
 June. This was a small village north of Stono river, 
 but was strongly entrenched outside. With Gen. 
 Lamar s forces in the rifle-pits, a strong abatis in 
 front, flanked by creeks and marshy ground and 
 everything in their favor, the task seemed not an easy 
 one to accomplish. Gen. Benham started his forces 
 at daylight, and Avhen near enough to do any service, 
 the command, which consisted of about 7,000 men, 
 wheeled into line and the attack became general. 
 The enemy poured a most galling fire into our forces 
 and mowed down our men with fearful loss. The 
 swampy ground making it impossible to form a line 
 of battle, the forces were massed together, which im 
 peded its progress as well as destroyed its efficiency. 
 After several assaults, the forces were obliged to 
 give up the contest and withdrew in good order, 
 with nothing gained, but with a great sacrifice of 
 life. The whole expedition seemed to have been 
 shockingly managed. Ten thousand men were sent 
 here on a five days march with about two days 
 rations, and the plan of the battle reflected no credit 
 upon the person who conceived it. It was reported 
 
Volunteer Infantry. 43 
 
 in camp that it was a successful reconnoissance to 
 find the exact position of the enemy, and, as the 
 troops withdrew in good order, the second attack 
 would prove victorious. But all soldiers are not de 
 ceived by reports from headquarters. We well knew 
 it was a defeat, with everything that word implied, 
 and a second attempt would have resulted as disas 
 trously as the first under the same leadership and 
 plan of attack. Our loss in killed, wounded and 
 missing footed up to 763. Only two companies of 
 the Sixth were directly engaged. The other portion 
 of the regiment was held in reserve. Had the enemy 
 followed up their advantage they might have com 
 pelled us to seek shelter under the banks of the 
 river, but could have forced us no further, as the gun 
 boats were a strong defence whenever an opportunity 
 offered itself. The enemy shelled us pretty severely 
 for several days after this, and we were constantly 
 under arms, expecting an advance, but none was 
 made. 
 
 When Gen. Hunter arrived from the North he or 
 dered an immediate evacuation of the island. The 
 command moved at midnight across the island to 
 Battery Point, where we leveled to the ground two 
 of the enemies batteries which they had evacuated 
 for a season, destroyed by fire a long bridge that 
 spanned a river, and then embarked. The Sixth and 
 Seventh Conn, went back to Edisto Island with Gen. 
 
44 Sixth Connecticut 
 
 Wright, while the remaining forces were sent to 
 other stations. Our stay on Edisto was a brief one 
 of only two weeks duration, when we were called to 
 Port Royal. After reporting at the latter place we 
 were sent up to Beaufort. This little seaport town 
 was once the summer resort for the chivalry. It con 
 tained some very pretty houses, two medium-sized 
 hotels, several churches and an arsenal; but how des 
 olate in appearance now, not a white inhabitant of 
 the town remained to greet us ; all had fled. The 
 negro population welcomed the advance of the Union 
 troops and gladly hailed the appearance of their de 
 liverers. Brig. Gen. Brannon commanded the post 
 here. We encamped in a fine grove of live oak trees 
 that skirted the banks of the river and considered 
 ourselves fortunate in getting such a pleasant place 
 for our camp. The greater part of the summer 
 months were inactive in this command. The forces 
 settled down for the regular camp drill and disci 
 pline. Each regiment took its turn at the ten days 
 picket service, which -duty called them out to some 
 fine plantations in the suburbs of the town. Here 
 we enjoyed the life of the soldier. Our duties were 
 not arduous and we had opportunity for reading and 
 writing. The fields were filled with sweet potatoes 
 and corn, together with the orange and fig trees 
 which abounded near the houses, made our visits on 
 this picket duty desirable. Our lines skirted the 
 
Volunteer Infantry. #j 
 
 banks of the rivers and streams, with an occasional 
 raid upon the main land in search of the Johnnies, 
 These raids sometimes resulted in great captures, 
 not of the rebs themselves but of their fowls. The 
 Union soldiers did not want the fowls to lack or 
 suffer hunger, and so confiscated them that they 
 might not starve. Lieut. -Col. Ely left the regiment 
 here at Beaufort, having been promoted to be Col 
 onel of the Eighteenth Connecticut. During the in 
 tense heat of the summer many fevers prevailed and 
 a number sickened and died. Yellow jaundice pre 
 vailed to a great extent. All seemed afflicted with it 
 more or less, which was about as comfortable to en 
 dure as sea-sickness. Capt. Gerrish, of Company 
 " K," died on the ipth of August, of typhoid fever, 
 after an illness of about three weeks ; his loss was 
 deeply felt in the regiment. 
 
 It was during our sojourn in Beaufort that orders 
 were issued from Washington for the discharge of all 
 regimental bands. The members of the Sixth deeply 
 regretted the loss of their band ; it was such a com 
 fort to hear the strains of music, and we felt that we 
 could march better, yea, fight better, with the band to 
 enliven the scenes that surrounded us ; but the order 
 was peremptory and home they went, regretted by all. 
 
 In the latter part of October an expedition was 
 conceived by Maj. Gen. Mitchel, commanding the 
 Department of the South, to proceed inland with a 
 
 5 
 
46 Sixth Connecticut 
 
 small force and burn the railroad bridges between 
 Charleston and Savannah. Scouts had been sent out 
 on several occasions to find the position of the ene 
 my. A negro lent valuable assistance on one of these 
 occasions, and the attempt at least seemed practicable. 
 Sergt. Robert Wilson, of Co. " D," Sixth Connecticut, 
 had been selected to pilot the raid, as his knowledge 
 of the position of the enemy had been carefully 
 gained by his recent daring scouts in their vicinity. 
 Two brigades of troops under Brig. Gen. Brannan 
 were selected for the occasion. The first brigade was 
 led by Col. Chatfield, including his own regiment; 
 the second brigade being led by Gen. Terry. The 
 fleet consisted of nine gun boats, three transports, 
 one schooner and two tugs. The Sixth was com 
 manded by Lieut. Col. Speidel, a man noted for his 
 bravery and his keen judgment and foresight. The 
 fleet sailed on the afternoon of the 2ist of October, 
 through Broad River, twenty miles from Port Royal, 
 and the next morning at 7 a. m. we landed at a place 
 called Mackay s Point, at Boyd s landing. Here the 
 whole command rapidly disembarked and pushed 
 forward. The first brigade led the advance, and the 
 force, in column by companies, kept together as 
 closely as the state of the road would permit. We 
 passed many recently deserted plantations, pushing 
 on over corn and cotton fields, through ditches and 
 swamps for about five miles, when we discovered the 
 
Volunteer Infantry. 4.7 
 
 enemy posted on a rising ground beyond a marsh and 
 flanked by thick wood. They immediately opened 
 upon us with a heavy fire of musketry and howitzers 
 as we entered a large corn field, and our command 
 quickly formed in line of battle and " went for them " 
 pretty much the same as " Bill Nye went for the 
 heathen Chinee." Haversacks and blankets were 
 immediately thrown off and we were very soon hotly 
 engaged. The rebs fled along the road before the 
 second brigade was fairly on the ground. The first 
 brigade entered the woods under a galling fire of 
 grape and cannister. Here we found it difficult to 
 proceed, as the underbrush was so thick we could 
 scarcely stand upright, and all the w T hile subjected to 
 a storm of bullets without a chance to make an effec 
 tive return shot. We were ordered to fall back in 
 the corn field while the skirmish line moved up the 
 road. We soon cleared the woods of the enemy and 
 again pushed forward through a deep morass, over 
 ditches and through such thick briers that the blood 
 oozed from our hands and faces. The jolly Jack Tars 
 from the gun boats, led by the Middies, brought up 
 several field pieces by means of drag ropes, and did 
 very effective service in dislodging the enemy at this 
 point. Here our regiment suffered severely. Col. 
 Chatfield and Lieut. Col. Speidel were both struck 
 with cannister shots while bravely leading the men. 
 The old Sixth, as if to avenge the wrong, became 
 
48 Sixth Connecticut 
 
 more desperate than ever and charged upon the 
 Johnnies and drove them across the Pocotaligo river 
 into the town bearing that name. They immediately 
 fired the bridge to prevent our crossing, and the 
 structure was rapidly consumed. The river being 
 too deep to ford, we were obliged to remain on its 
 banks Our object was to destroy the bridges over 
 the Pocotaligo, Salketchi and Coosawatchie rivers, 
 and cut the railroad at this point, in which we were 
 partially successful. 
 
 Col. Barton, of the 48th New York, landed at the 
 mouth of the Coosawatchie river and proceeded in 
 land to the railroad, where they encountered a train 
 of cars loaded with rebel soldiers. They fired upon 
 them, killing the engineer and also the color-bearer 
 of the " Whippey Swamp Guard," and captured his 
 flag. The 48th was obliged to fall back, as the rebels 
 outnumbered them three to one, but made good their 
 retreat without the loss of a man. The first brigade 
 was engaged felling trees to bridge the river prepar 
 atory to crossing, but the fire of the enemy was so 
 deadly we were obliged to desist. During the lull a 
 locomotive whistle was heard in the distance and a 
 train of cars thundered into the village laden with 
 rebel troops, which was received with cheers for 
 "South Carolina." Late in the afternoon our am 
 munition was spent and we were obliged to fall back. 
 The Sixth Connecticut and 47th New Hampshire 
 
Volunteer Infantry. 4.9 
 
 covered the retreat. Our return to Mackay s Point 
 was slow and tedious, as we carried off all our 
 wounded and gently laid out our dead, covering them 
 as far as we could with the blankets of the soldier. 
 
 The horrors of war were indeed sickening, as the 
 rebels had every position in their favor and their fire 
 was very destructive. Dead soldiers and horses lay 
 in the woods as we passed ; broken gun carriages 
 lined the road, and blankets, haversacks and rifles lay 
 around the ground in large numbers. One sight 
 which the writer witnessed gave evidence of true 
 heroism. As the man-of-war s men filed down the 
 road dragging their guns, one old Jack Tar who had 
 lost his right leg and from which the blood was still 
 oozing, was strapped upon his gun, while his com 
 rades were gently cheering him up. As he passed 
 our regiment he looked up with as cheerful a face as 
 he could command, and, reaching out his arm, patted 
 his gun as affectionately as one would a favorite 
 child. Such heroism should not go unrewarded. 
 Many of our command displayed unflinching courage, 
 and the record of the Sixth Connecticut at this battle 
 was indeed gratifying to its general officers. 
 
 We had about 4500 troops engaged, composed of 
 the following regiments : 6th Conn.; 4th New Hamp 
 shire ; 47th and 55th Penn. regiments, in the first 
 brigade under Col. Chatfield. The yth Conn., y6th 
 Penn., 3d Rhode Island, and 3d New Hampshire, 
 
 5* 
 
$o t Sixth Connecticut 
 
 composed the second brigade under Brig. Gen. Terry, 
 besides the Jack Tars from the frigate Wabash. The 
 total loss to the whole command is not within my 
 knowledge, but the Sixth suffered a loss of five killed, 
 twenty-nine wounded and three missing. Orderly 
 sergeant Robert B. Gage, of Co. " I," who displayed 
 great bravery on the field, was killed by a rifle ball 
 in the side. 
 
 We arrived at Mackay s Point about eleven o clock 
 at night, tired and footsore, and bivouacked on the 
 banks of the river till morning, when we commenced 
 to embark, which was completed at sunset, as the 
 wounded were all brought in and tenderly cared 
 for. We returned to our old camp at Beaufort, where 
 we again settled down to the routine of drills, etc. 
 
 On the 3oth of October our corps commander, 
 Maj. Gen. Mitchel, died of yellow fever after an ill 
 ness of a few days. The whole command mourned 
 his loss as a brave and efficient general ; one who had 
 endeared himself to the soldiers by his many good 
 qualities of heart and his pleasing address. The 
 funeral w r as attended in St. Helena church at Beau 
 fort. It was quite an impressive scene. The Forty- 
 seventh Pennsylvania regiment acted as escort and 
 was followed by the First Massachusetts cavalry and 
 four pieces of the regular battery, besides detach 
 ments from all the other regiments in the command, 
 the naval officers, headed by admiral Dupont, officers 
 
Volunteer Infantry. 57 
 
 of the army on horseback, together with the agents 
 of the government, made up the funeral cortege. 
 
 During the winter months of 1862-3 tne Sixth re 
 mained at Beaufort, steadily increasing in drill and 
 guarding the island from attacks from the main land. 
 While thus comparatively inactive the members cast 
 about for something to relieve the dull monotony of 
 the season, and it \vas resolved to form a society for 
 our mutual improvement. Having obtained consent 
 of our commander, the society called " The Young 
 Men s Literary Association of the Sixth C. V." sprang 
 into existence. The officers elected were : President, 
 Timothy H. Eaton, of Co. "A;" Vice President, 
 Robert McLavy, of Co. "E;" Secretary, James A. 
 Wilson, of Co. "K;" Treasurer, Charles K. Cadwell, 
 of Co. "F;" Executive Committee, Clark M. Loomis 
 and Charles M. Morris, of Co. " F." We held many 
 interesting debates in the Chapel tent on the leading 
 questions of the day. As the society increased in 
 membership we found our quarters much to small, 
 and, by the consent of the commander of the post, 
 we obtained permission to occupy one of the churches 
 near our camp for our sole use, which we dedicated 
 Chatfield Flail. This we fitted up as well as our lim 
 ited means would allow, and, by the help of some of 
 our generous officers, we added a small library. The 
 society rapidly increased in interest, and members 
 were admitted from other regiments, and many excit- 
 
j2 Sixth Connecticut 
 
 ing debates, which would have reflected credit on the 
 floor of Congress, were heard within this place. The 
 Glee Club of the Sixth, composed of Benjamin 
 Terrell, of Co. " F," sergeants Whiteley, Deming and 
 Edward Yates, and corporal Cummings, of Co. " G," 
 rendered some fine music on several occasions. Reg 
 ular meetings for prayer and conference were also 
 held, and many of these meetings were largely at 
 tended, with gratifying results. Exhibitions of vari 
 ous kinds were given by the boys, including arts 
 of ventriloquism, negro minstrelsy, tableaux, &c. 
 Thanksgiving day was spent in a variety of out-door 
 sports, such as ball-playing, pitching quoits and run 
 ning races ; and at the close of the day we had a 
 " Mock dress Parade," in which privates acted as the 
 general officers, being dressed as oddly as possible, 
 some with only underclothes on, others with coats 
 and pants turned inside out and with knapsacks un 
 der their coats. All orders from the "Col." were 
 obeyed directly opposite to the command. A large 
 number of visitors were present and were convulsed 
 with laughter at the proceedings, while the partici 
 pants maintained as much decorum as when on a real 
 parade. 
 
 New Year s day, 1863, found us still at Beaufort, 
 with the privilege of "half holiday." The day was 
 beautiful and the ushering in of the new year was 
 pleasantly greeted by all, with many a hope and 
 
Volunteer Infantry. jj 
 
 prayer that we should soon see the close of the war. 
 A variety of games were gotten up to make time pass 
 pleasantly, the first of which was a target practice. 
 The first prize of ten dollars was awarded to a private 
 in Co. "A," the second best, a prize of five dollars, 
 was awarded to a private of Co. " K." The jumping 
 feats were next in order, with a large number to com 
 pete. The prize of five dollars was awarded to Joel 
 C. Osborn, of Co. "F." Following this came the 
 "hop, skip and jump." Corporal Cummings, of Co. 
 " G," jumped, hopped and skipped thirty-three feet 
 and four inches, and was declared the winner of the 
 first prize of five dollars. The second best, a prize 
 of two dollars and a half, was given to a private of 
 Co. "I." 
 
 These exercises closed the pleasures of the fore 
 noon. In the afternoon a running match was first in 
 order, distance 150 yards; first prize, of five dollars, 
 awarded to corporal Botts, of Co. " D ;" second prize, 
 two dollars and a half, awarded to private Banty, Co. 
 "D." The next on the programme was a target 
 placed in the ground to be bored with an auger at 
 twenty paces, blindfolded. The prize of five dollars 
 was awarded to Orrin Lathrop, of Co. " F," he being 
 the only competitor who touched the target at all. 
 Next came the wheelbarrow races, distance 100 yards ; 
 first prize, five dollars, awarded to private Duprey, of 
 Co. "A." Nearly all the competitors went about a 
 
54 Sixth Connecticut 
 
 hundred yards from the point in opposite directions. 
 The sack races were the most laughable of all, as each 
 contestant was completely enveloped in a sack, which 
 made their progress over the ground very ludicrous 
 to behold. Catching the greased pig and climbing 
 the greased pole were other games resorted to and 
 had many contestants. The day closed with another 
 burlesque dress parade and a short review, which 
 was a decided improvement on our last one, and 
 caused much pleasure to the spectators, among whom 
 were Gen. Brannan and staff and a large number of 
 ladies. 
 
 The Sixth spent a great deal of time on the sur 
 rounding plantations on picket duty, at which places 
 we were picketed for ten days at a time. Each com 
 pany made certain plantations their headquarters, 
 while every nook and ravine where the enemy were 
 likely to attack was strongly guarded. For a time 
 we found rebel chickens and pigs more palatable 
 than hard tack and pork. The oranges and figs were 
 not left to spoil upon the trees, and every sweet 
 potato and corn field was visited for supplies. The 
 rebel pickets at Port Royal Ferry were very com 
 municative, and several times we exchanged papers 
 with them. They seemed anxious to " barter " some 
 thing with a Union soldier whenever an opportunity 
 presented itself. Their stock in trade consisted 
 chiefly of tobacco, which they would readily exchange 
 
Volunteer Infantry. 55 
 
 for salt or coffee. They invariably deprecated the 
 war and wished for its close. Several flags of truce 
 came at this point for different objects, the bearers 
 of which were clad in the poorest of homespun 
 clothes and always had the appearance of half starved 
 creatures ; long, lank, hollow-eyed, and hollow 
 cheeks, with tangled hair and a saffron look in the 
 face betokened the straits of the confederacy. Well 
 might they wish for the war to close and "go hum," 
 as they termed it, when they gazed on the compara 
 tively well fed and well dressed soldier of the Union 
 army. 
 
Sixth Connecticut 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 The Sixth Connecticut Regiment left Beaufort on 
 the evening of the i8th of March, bound down the 
 coast. We passed several places of interest on our 
 journey, among which were Mayport Mills, Fernan- 
 cTina and Fort Clinch. Deserted plantations lined 
 the banks of the river and everything had the appear 
 ance of war s desolation. In trying to cross the bar 
 and enter St. John s River we got aground, and after 
 several ineffectual attempts, we finally succeeded by 
 the aid of a tug-boat, and our destination, Jackson 
 ville, was reached on the morning of the 2oth of 
 March. One U. S. colored regiment were the only 
 troops in the town. We did not pitch our tents here, 
 but occupied the houses which had but recently been 
 vacated. We found in many of the houses everything 
 necessary for housekeeping, even to beds and bed 
 ding. So hastily was the retreat of the chivalry from 
 this place that many valuable household goods were 
 among the trophies. Large quantities of eatables were 
 found buried in stone pots, some quaint looking guns 
 and almost every article needed for house use. Quite 
 
Volunteer Infantry. 57 
 
 a number of families of rebel proclivities remained in 
 the town, who were either unable to get away after 
 we took possession, or else were unwilling to lose 
 their household goods. We barricaded the streets 
 and avenues leading out of the town by felling trees 
 across the roads to prevent the incursions of the 
 rebel cavalry which infested the woods back of the 
 town. 
 
 Jacksonville was once a watering place and home 
 for invalids, and many of our northern people re 
 sorted there during the months of winter to enjoy its 
 salubrious climate. It must have been an inviting 
 retreat in its palmiest days. Everything here seemed 
 to have been laid out for comfort and convenience, 
 unlike many places which we have visited. But alas ! 
 how things had changed. Houses that were once the 
 home of wealth and luxury were now the abodes of 
 the Union soldier. Gardens laid out with the choicest 
 flowers were trampled under foot by horses of our 
 cavalry ; the stores were closed, the goods removed ; 
 and business at a standstill. A few negroes lurked 
 around the town, who were glad to get under cover 
 of the Union arms. Co. " F " of the Sixth occupied 
 the fine old mansion belonging to Col. Pierson of the 
 rebel army, which was situated on the corner of 
 Market and Duval streets, opposite the Episcopal 
 Church. There many of the troops resorted and the 
 organ was in constant use. 
 
 6 
 
58 Sixth Connecticut 
 
 The first Sabbath we spent in Jacksonville we 
 attended service and listened to a very able discourse 
 by the Rev. Mr. French; his subject was "The sword 
 of the Lord and of Gideon." The church was densely 
 crowded with white and black soldiers, navy and 
 army officers and civilians. In the course of his 
 remarks he alluded to the deserted city and why the 
 inhabitants had left it, fearing their lives would be in 
 danger if they remained till the so-called Yankees 
 made their advent in their midst. He expressed him 
 self quite well pleased with the conduct of the white 
 troops, and especially the Sixth Connecticut. He 
 said Gen. Hunter had selected the Sixth above all 
 others to occupy this place and protect the remaining 
 inhabitants from the lawlessness of the rebel cavalry. 
 He assured us our position was not an enviable one, 
 as we were in a bad place and the woods swarmed 
 with rebel cavalry, waiting only their chance to sur 
 prise us ; but he (the speaker) was confident that the 
 enemy would not catch us napping, and when brought 
 to the foe, would meet them with determined bravery. 
 We were quite pleased with the speaker s allusion to 
 our regiment, and he was personally thanked by 
 many for the exalted opinion he entertained for us. 
 
 The Eighth Maine regiment arrived here from 
 Beaufort a few days after we took possession. The 
 rebels frequently annoyed us by shelling the town 
 with a gun which they had fastened to a railroad car, 
 
Volunteer Infantry. 59 
 
 and would bring it as near the town as they dared on 
 the track, and then shell us. Our gunboats were not 
 slow to disperse them, however, and they were soon 
 driven back. On one of these occasions a shell en 
 tered a house (which the writer visited), passing 
 through the bed-room in which a man and wife were 
 sleeping, and in its course it passed through a stuffed- 
 seat rocking chair on which lay the man s coat, cut 
 ting off the skirts and forcing them through the back 
 of the chair. The window glass were shattered and 
 two looking glasses hanging in the room were broken, 
 while the occupants of the bed were literally covered 
 with plaster and splinters. The lady remarked to 
 the writer that she was not partial to balls of that 
 kind, and told him if he ever met Gen. Finnegan (the 
 rebel commander), to present her compliments with 
 the request that fish-balls would be more acceptable 
 next time. 
 
 We found ourselves busy each day in preventing 
 the raids of the enemy, and several times were called 
 up at night by the pickets being driven in. Our 
 force was so small that an advance very far would 
 have been with a great sacrifice of life for us, and our 
 gunboats prevented a very long stay of the rebel 
 troops in the town. We suffered no loss of life in 
 our regiment while here ; a few were slightly wounded. 
 An expedition of the negro troops went up the river 
 as far as the town of Pilatki, where they surprised a 
 
60 Sixth Connecticut 
 
 small force of rebels and captured 14 ; the rest fled in 
 dismay, fearing a large force was at hand. They also 
 captured some horses and about $3,000 worth of cot 
 ton, which they brought away in safety. While on 
 their way down the river the enemy fired upon them, 
 wounding Lieut. Col. Billings of the First S. C. 
 troops, a* ball passing through the palms of both his 
 hands and another through his leg. 
 
 On Sunday, the 29th of March, Gen. Hunter or 
 dered the evacuation of Jacksonville by all the Union 
 troops. The inhabitants begged permission to ac 
 company the troops, as their lives were in danger as 
 well as their property, if left at the mercy of the rebel 
 troops. Their request was partially granted and they 
 flocked in numbers to the transports with large quan 
 tities of household goods, which so completely block 
 aded the room that orders were issued to put the 
 goods on the wharves again. Large numbers of 
 negroes secreted themselves on board the boats, fear 
 ing to be left behind. As we left the town an old 
 lady appeared on the veranda of her house wringing 
 her hands and sobbing as if her heart would break, 
 doubtless sad at our departure. A large number of 
 the houses and stores were set on fire just before we 
 got on board the steamers, and as we left the wharves 
 the larger part of the town was in flames and was 
 probably destroyed. This wanton act of vandalism 
 was charged upon the negro regiment, and they in 
 
Volunteer Infantry. 61 
 
 turn said the Eighth Maine Regiment was to blame ; 
 no doubt both of these regiments had something to 
 do with its destruction. It was entirely unnecessary 
 and uncalled for, and the wanton act of burning a 
 town would not destroy the Rebellion nor reflect any 
 credit upon those soldiers of the Union who fired it. 
 Justice should overtake all, and severe punishment 
 meted out to those who so far forget the bounds of 
 propriety as to disgrace the honored cause in which 
 they are engaged. 
 
 We did not arrive at Beaufort as soon as we ex 
 pected, owing to a heavy storm of wind and rain 
 w r hich set in, and as our boats were old and so heavily 
 laden it was not deemed prudent to venture outside 
 in such a gale. The storm passed by and we reached 
 our destination in safety on the morning of April ist. 
 We pitched our tents, expecting to settle down again ; 
 but the soldier has no abiding place in time of war, 
 nor does he know one day where he will be the next. 
 After thirty-five hours in Beaufort, we were oif again 
 on another "excursion." 
 
 The rumors in camp seemed to indicate that this 
 time the expedition was to be more formidable than 
 any previous ones, and this was true, as the sequel 
 will eventually prove. Large numbers of troops 
 were being put on board steamers at this place and at 
 Hilton Head ; gunboats were active and all was bus 
 tle and excitement. The wildest rumors prevailed as 
 
 6* 
 
62 Sixth Connecticut 
 
 to our destination ; some asserted that we were going 
 to Virginia, while others claimed Charleston as the 
 most probable place of attack. The Sixth embarked 
 on the steamer Belvidere and steamed down to Hilton 
 Head, where we lay for one day awaiting orders ; in 
 the mean time troops were embarking and getting 
 ready to sail. When all seemed ready, we were off 
 for the conflict and came to anchor in Stono River, a 
 little below the village of Legaresville. Here we 
 found other troops had preceded us and were also 
 waiting to land. The monitors and other gunboats 
 were busily engaged up the river shelling the camps 
 of the enemy. Two shots from the enemy came in 
 rather too close proximity to our steamer for safety, 
 and we hoisted anchor and dropped a distance down 
 the river out of range. The gunboats were engaged 
 nearly every day for a week in the direction of 
 Charleston, while we remained on board ship await 
 ing orders. Finally it was rumored that there was 
 some trouble existing between some of our officers 
 high in command, and that the whole force was to be 
 withdrawn. The rumor proved correct. Admiral 
 Dupont and Gen. Hunter disagreeing in the plan of 
 the battle, it could no longer avail anything and the 
 whole affair proved a fizzle. In the meantime Gen. 
 Hunter was relieved and Maj. Gen. Gilmore appoint 
 ed to command. Gen. Gilmore was well known for 
 his engineering skill and also his military prowess- 
 
Volunteer Infantry. <5j 
 
 The morning of April nth, the fleet withdrew to 
 Hilton Head and reported, while the different regi 
 ments were sent to various posts. The Sixth en 
 camped at Hilton Head, just outside the breastworks, 
 where we remained till the i8th of April, when we 
 again embarked and sailed for North Edisto, arriving 
 there the next morning and anchored in the stream 
 close to the dock, but we did not land till the 26th, 
 when we were put ashore on Botany Bay Island, 
 which is near the Edisto. We were immediately 
 ordered out on a scout of about seven miles, after the 
 Johnnies ; but with the exception of passing a de 
 serted cavalry camp we saw no evidence of the enemy. 
 We returned to the landing and went on board the 
 steamer, where we passed four more days, when we 
 finally made a landing on Folly Island. The island 
 was rightly named, fora man in civil life must indeed 
 be a fool to think he could live on such a barren 
 place ; but a soldier is expected to live anywhere 
 where he is sent. The island is a long strip of land 
 about three-quarters of a mile wide at the widest 
 point, and about four miles long, lying immediately 
 south of Morris Island, from which the northern 
 point is separated by only a narrow stream called 
 Lighthouse Inlet. The lower part of the island runs 
 down to a sharp angle and is covered with a thick 
 growth of pine and palmetto trees, while the upper 
 part was a low, marshy swamp. With swarms of 
 
64 Sixth Connecticut 
 
 sand fleas and mosquitoes for our constant compan 
 ions, we pitched our camp on the sand hills; there 
 could be no order or regularity to our company 
 streets, for some tents were pitched on a hill, while 
 others were in a valley. Our fatigue duty was quite 
 arduous, as we were obliged to work nights, and had 
 to maintain the utmost silence, speaking only in 
 whispers. From the upper or northern portion of 
 the island, where we built the batteries, we could see 
 the Johnnies on Morris Island very plain ; but they 
 little thought of the doom that was in store for them. 
 They suspected no serious movement on our part, 
 and did not think we had more than one field piece 
 on the whole island. When we were obliged to fell 
 trees we sawed them in two and lowered them gently 
 to the ground by means of ropes. All the heavy can 
 non were brought through the woods and mounted at 
 night, and then masked by covering them with leaves 
 and dirt. It was with the greatest secrecy that the 
 work was pushed forward. The enemy saw none of 
 our troops nearer than the woods except the picket 
 line, and while we seemed idle by day, hundreds of 
 shovels gleamed at night by willing hands, while 
 battery after battery rose up, yet nothing was visible 
 to the rebels. Huge mortars and parrot guns came 
 from Hilton Head, landed at Stono Inlet and were 
 dragged slowly and tediously to their place under 
 cover of darkness. Ammunition was taken forward 
 
Volunteer Infantry. 65 
 
 and concealed every night for over three weeks. 
 The Sixth found its labors very severe. By moon 
 light and during heavy thunder showers the work 
 went steadily forward. At the end of that time, ten 
 large batteries had been completed, mounting 48 
 heavy guns and within 400 yards of the enemy s works. 
 
 During the latter part of the time they began o; 
 suspect something was going on, for we could see 
 them strengthen their batteries on the opposite bank. 
 The rebel pickets were very inquisitive and tried to 
 question us regarding our position, &c. We were on 
 good terms with each other, and made miniature ships, 
 freighted them with salt and coffee, and sent them 
 over to the rebs, and in return they sent us tobacco. 
 They informed us of the death of " Stonewall " 
 Jackson, and displayed their flags at half mast and 
 fired half hour guns throughout the day in honor of 
 the deceased. They generally communicated to us 
 the news of any battle that occurred sooner than we 
 got it through our own sources. They seemed to 
 relish a joke occasionally. One of them informed us 
 that Gen. Beauregard had such an exalted opinion of 
 the "Yankees" on Folly Island that he was coming 
 over to make us a visit and give us all a " farm six 
 feet by two." 
 
 About the ist of July large numbers of troops be 
 gan to arrive at the island, and " old Folly " literally 
 swarmed with them. The order was given for us to 
 
66 Sixth Connecticut 
 
 capture the battery on the end of Morris Island, and 
 we expected to make a night attack, so we sewed 
 pieces of white cotton cloth on the left arm, that we 
 might be distinguished from the foe. At midnight 
 on the pth, large detachments of troops stepped 
 quietly into boats and rowed silently up Folly River; 
 not a word was spoken above a whisper, nor any 
 noise heard, save the splashing of the oars and the 
 occasional plunge of the alligators from the river 
 bank. At about 3 o clock the flotilla of eighty large 
 launches had arrived near Morris Island, and we 
 were ordered to keep close to shore and under cover 
 of the tall sea grass that lined its banks. Here we 
 waited patiently for the dawn of day, a day that was 
 to bring victory to our flag, but death to many a 
 brave soldier. We could see from our position the 
 rebel soldier lazily walking his beat on the parapet, 
 while the smoke from the dim camp fires slowly 
 ascended skyward. Everything indicated to us that 
 they were not expecting cannon balls for breakfast 
 nor the advent of the boys in blue. Gen. Strong, 
 who was to lead the attack, looked every inch a sol 
 dier, as he moved among us giving cheering words to 
 all. At precisely 5 o clock, the batteries that we had 
 worked on so faithfully for weeks, were unmasked to 
 the enemy and opened simultaneously from 48 guns. 
 The astonished rebels soon replied with great rapidity. 
 As the ball opened, the inhabitants of Secessionville, 
 
Vohmteer Infantry. 6f 
 
 on James Island, crowded to the roofs of the houses 
 till they were black with them, to witness the battle. 
 Our gunboats shelled the batteries with good effect, 
 and the enemy discovering our position in the boats, 
 scattered grape and cannister among us with fearful 
 rapidity. There we lay in the boats for two hours 
 under a heavy fire, while the rebels divided their 
 compliments among us and the gunners at our bat 
 teries. The batteries did not seem to have the de 
 sired effect of dispersing the enemy, and Gen. Strong 
 was signalled to land his forces and charge upon their 
 works. The rebels perceiving the signal and inter 
 preted its meaning, directed a galling fire at the boats. 
 One boat of the Sixth was struck and a member of 
 Co. " E " lost a leg which soon caused his death ; 
 another was wounded and the boat overturned, but 
 was soon righted by help from others and the men 
 rescued. We pulled for the shore, eager to land, and 
 while a detachment of the Seventh Connecticut 
 landed first on the left of the rifle pits and were feel 
 ing their way. The old Sixth sprang into the water 
 knee deep and was soon directly in front of their 
 battery; rushing forward with bayonets fixed and 
 with an honest Union cheer. The rebels depressed 
 their guns to rake us as we landed, but the shot 
 struck the ground in front of us and passed over our 
 heads, and the amazed rebels, seeing our determina 
 tion, turned to flee just as we gained the first line of 
 
68 Sixth Connecticut 
 
 works, but we were too quick for them, and the 
 Sixth captured 125 prisoners and a rebel flag. Pri 
 vate Roper Hounslow, of Co. " D," saw the bearer of 
 the flag making for the rear as fast as his legs could 
 carry him, when he ordered him to halt; but he 
 would not, and he shot him through the head. The 
 flag was inscribed " Pocolaligo, Oct. 22, 1862." It 
 had blood stains upon it which were probably spilled 
 at that place. Col. Chatfield waved the banner aloft, 
 feeling very much elated to think we had captured 
 the flag that bore this inscription, for he received a 
 wound at Pocotaligo. Col. Chatfield led his men to 
 the last range of rifle pits, which was within a rifle 
 shot of Fort Wagner. The Sixth had the advance all 
 day. Our flags were riddled with shell, and the staff" 
 of the stars and stripes was broken in three different 
 places. A rebel ramrod was substituted for the 
 broken staff, and our flags floated from the only 
 house on the island. This house was the headquar 
 ters for the rebel officers, and when we entered it the 
 coffee was in cups on the table and breakfast nearly 
 ready ; but we did not stop to eat, as we were looking 
 for water; and seeing the coffee, disposed of it in 
 short meter. Two solid shot from Fort Wagner 
 came tearing through the house, demolishing the 
 chimney and scattering the bricks upon the tables in 
 great confusion. We concluded that we might be 
 demolished if we remained in there long, so went 
 
Volunteer Infantry. 69 
 
 out ; the house being a good target, it was soon rid 
 dled with shell from Forts Sumpter and Wagner. 
 
 We remained at the front till about sunset, under 
 a severe fire continually. Tired and footsore, with 
 hardly anything to eat, and without sleep for three 
 nights, we were glad when orders came for us to fall 
 to the rear and another regiment to take our place. 
 Gen. Strong was active all day and infused spirit 
 into the soldiers by his commanding aspect. When 
 we landed he was burdened with a pair of long mili 
 tary boots upon his feet, and as we jumped into the 
 water these became so full that locomotion was well 
 nigh impossible, so he pulled them off and threw 
 them away, going in his stockings. The briars over 
 the sand hills soon wore the bottoms of these off, and 
 having captured a rebel mule, got astride of him and 
 went forward with a cheer from the soldiers. Soon 
 after the battle he appeared among the members of 
 the Sixth, still astride the mule, who looked jaded 
 enough. " Boys," said he, " I don t look like a 
 General, but you look and have acted like true sol 
 diers," and immediately rode away, followed by the 
 cheers of the soldiers. 
 
 It was determined to assault Fort Wagner and cap 
 ture it with the bayonet. The Seventh Connecticut 
 was to lead the charge, supported by the Ninth Maine 
 and Seventy-sixth Pennsylvania. Early on the morn 
 ing of the nth, before the lark was awake, this com- 
 
 7 
 
jo Sixth Connecticut 
 
 mand silently moved forward, drove in the rebel 
 pickets and with a cheer rushed into the ditch and up 
 the parapet, but met a very stubborn foe, who poured 
 grape and cannister into their ranks. The Ninth 
 Maine, instead of supporting them, wavered, at such 
 a fearful fire, and ran away, while the Seventy-sixth 
 Pennsylvania stood their ground. But the battle was 
 against fearful odds, and they were obliged to retire 
 and give up the contest. The Sixth lay all night in the 
 rifle pits before Wagner, in a drenching rain, keeping 
 a sharp look out for any surprise. On the morning 
 of the i8th they came into camp wet and covered 
 with sand, weary enough to lay up for a rest ; but 
 there is no rest for the soldier in time of war. 
 Scarcely had we brushed off the sand and got a bite 
 of pork and crackers before we were ordered to join 
 in the assault on Wagner at dark. Never was an 
 order more cheerfully obeyed, especially as the word 
 passed around that Col. Chatfield was to lead us into 
 action, the Colonel declaring his preference "to 
 stand or fall with the men of the Sixth," and refusing 
 the honor of commanding our brigade, which be 
 longed to him as the ranking officer. The gunboats 
 shelled the rebel fort incessantly, plowing up great 
 heaps of sand with one shell, and another perhaps 
 would fill up the crevice. The broadsides from the 
 New Ironsides were terrific, and the five monitors in 
 line, together with five other gunboats, seemed to 
 
Volunteer Infantry. 71 
 
 pour shell enough into Wagner to start several first 
 class iron foundries. Shot and shell crashed above 
 and within it and we wondered if half of them 
 accomplished their mission. Before night came, 
 hardly a gun boomed from Wagner, and many seemed 
 to think an easy victory was within reach. As twi 
 light approached the whole command lay under cover 
 of the sand hills, waiting for the order to advance. 
 The Fifty-fourth Massachusetts (colored regiment) 
 were given the post of honor, the right of the first 
 brigade, which position belonged to the Sixth ; but 
 at the request of Col. Shaw of the Fifty-fourth, who 
 wanted the black troops to distinguish themselves, 
 Col. Chatfield granted them their wish. Gen. Strong, 
 who was to lead the charge, then addressed them. 
 He said, " Men of Massachusetts, I am going to put 
 you in front of the chivalry of South Carolina, and 
 they will pour iron hail in your faces; but don t 
 flinch ; defend the flag and uphold the honor of the 
 State of Massachusetts." He further told them "the 
 Sixth Connecticut was immediately behind them, and 
 I know they will not flinch." They fell upon one 
 knee in the sand and with their right arm raised, 
 they swore they would do it. 
 
 The command formed silently on the beach; the 
 men seemed impatient to move as the scene became 
 exciting. " Close column, by companies," was the 
 order given, and the first brigade was off for its work. 
 
72 Sixth Connecticut 
 
 Steadily forward we moved, while the gunboats still 
 roared away. At a given signal they ceased their 
 fire and the order passed to charge. The rebels 
 waited till we were within range and then poured a 
 volley into our ranks from their guns on the parapet, 
 while the riflemen rattled their bullets from the small 
 arms. The Fifty-fourth wavered for a moment, and 
 that moment was fatal to them ; they broke and fled. 
 On pressed the Sixth through the iron hail, picked 
 our way through the abatis, descended the ditch and 
 climbed up the steep sides of the fort, and gaining 
 the parapet, was among the rebels. The flash of 
 a thousand rifles poured into us, followed in quick 
 succession by hand grenades. Shrapnel, cannister 
 and grape were freely showered into the ranks, while 
 we leaped down to the casemates and bomb-proofs, 
 driving the enemy before us in great confusion. 
 They entered their rifle pits and checked our further 
 advance. The night was so dark it was hard to dis 
 tinguish friend from foe, and a signal from the rebels 
 turned the fire of Fort Sumpter and Battery Gregg 
 upon the angle of the fort which we held. In vain 
 did we look for help from the second brigade. Many 
 a brave soldier had sealed his loyalty with his blood, 
 and Gens. Strong and Seymour, Col. Chatfield and 
 others, were badly wounded and carried to the rear. 
 We were virtually without any commanding officer 
 to lead us. To wait for daylight would have been 
 
Volunteer Infantry. 73 
 
 sheer madness, and the supporting brigade, terrified 
 by the deadly cannonade, instead of relying upon the 
 bayonet to accomplish the work, stopped and fired. 
 The rebels saw the mistake and rallied upon the 
 Sixth, which stood almost alone within their works. 
 The charge was repulsed, but after remaining for 
 about three hours under such a deadly fire, we escaped 
 as best we could, with terrible loss. Had the second 
 brigade supported us in time, no doubt we could 
 have held it. The Fifty-fourth Massachusetts Regi 
 ment rallied soon after they faltered and came up to 
 the left angle of the fort, where they finally did good 
 service. Here Col. Shaw met his death. The Sixth 
 Regiment and the Connecticut colors were the first 
 in the fort that night. The color-bearer, a German 
 named Gustave DeBouge, was shot through the fore 
 head while carrying the colors in the assault, and fell 
 dead upon the flag, his life blood staining them 
 through. Several brave ones who were near seized 
 them, but they also fell either dead or wounded. 
 Captain Frederick B. Osborn of Co. " K," as brave 
 an officer as ever wore shoulder straps, finally suc 
 ceeded in pulling them from under the bodies and 
 bearing them off in triumph. Our flags were much 
 shattered and torn, but both were saved from the 
 enemy. 
 
 In leaving Wagner that night, the ditch we crossed 
 was filled with the dead and wounded, and we were 
 
7^ Sixth Connecticut 
 
 compelled to step upon their bodies in making our 
 escape. Many fell wounded upon the beach, and as 
 the salt water surged over their bodies and in their 
 wounds, their groans and cries were terrible to hear. 
 Men begged piteously to others more fortunate, to 
 remove them out of reach of the incoming tide. 
 Our return to camp was attended with almost as much 
 danger as our advance, and many brave men who 
 were spared through the terrible ordeal in the fort, 
 were either killed or wounded in returning to the 
 rear. Every foot of ground seemed to be covered 
 by the fire of the enemy s guns. Batteries Gregg 
 and Wagner, Forts Johnson, Ripley and Sumpter, 
 besides two gunboats in the harbor, all directed their 
 missiles of death to further our destruction while 
 retreating ; and how so many of us were spared 
 through such a terrible conflict, can be attributed 
 only to the goodness of our Heavenly Father. Truly 
 the God of battles was on our side. 
 
 Our loss was quite heavy, considering the force 
 engaged ; the Sixth being exposed to the deadliest 
 fire, their ranks were pretty well thinned out and the 
 total figures footed up to 141 killed, wounded and 
 missing. Many of the wounded brought off the field 
 died the next day. Among the killed was Lieut. 
 Stevens of Co. "I," a cannister shot passing through 
 his heart. He was Ass t Adjutant General on Gen. 
 Seymour s staff, a position he filled with great ability. 
 
Volunteer Infantry. 75 
 
 Having made military matters a study for a number 
 of years his services were valuable to the government. 
 His body was brought off the field and buried be 
 neath one of the lone palmettos. A large influx of 
 surgeons arrived from the North a few days after the 
 battle, many of whom were mere boys, having hardly 
 attained their majority, without experience, and, 
 many without common sense, came to Morris Island 
 to assist in caring for the wounded. A slight 
 wound in the limb was sufficient cause for them to 
 amputate, and many suffered amputation of limbs that 
 with proper treatment could have been spared to 
 them. The writer saw a surgeon s table improvised 
 on a sand bluff, where these " would-be-surgeons " 
 were using the scalpel knife in severing the arms and 
 legs of the wounded, and a great pile lay beside them. 
 Many a victim protested against this outrage, but was 
 told that it was the only thing that would prolong 
 life. The victims in many cases died soon after the 
 operation. 
 
 Fatigue duty fell unusually hard upon the troops 
 on the island, and every night found the Sixth in the 
 trenches, building batteries or hauling heavy guns to 
 the front. Under fire every day and night, the regi 
 ment suffered the loss of many members by wounds 
 and death. While at the front one day a flag of 
 truce came from Wagner, borne by a rebel Captain 
 named Tracy. Capt. Tracy of the Sixth met him and 
 
7<5 Sixth Connecticut 
 
 found that he wanted to negotiate for an exchange of 
 prisoners. Gen. Vodges was informed and the terms 
 agreed upon. On Friday, July 24, a large steamer 
 bearing our wounded, came down the harbor and ran 
 alongside of one of the monitors. It was said she 
 was a blockade runner and had recently ran the 
 blockade. Upon her decks were Englishmen dressed 
 in the height of fashion, talking loudly of the supe 
 rior intellect of the southern chivalry. The steamer 
 Cosmopolitan, which had recently been fitted up as a 
 hospital ship, ran alongside and delivered up the 
 rebel wounded and the rebels gave us 205 Union 
 soldiers. They also reported that they had amputated 
 the limbs of 25 and that 50 had died on their hands. 
 We also learned that they were so indignant because 
 our government employed negro troops, that when 
 they found Col. Shaw s body they dug a deep trench 
 and put the body in and then threw 25 dead negroes 
 top of it. This circumstance we learned to be a fact, 
 the pickets in our front having reported the same 
 thing to us. 
 
 The Sixth Regiment, so shattered in the charge of 
 the 1 8th and depleted in numbers, was ordered to 
 Hilton Head to recruit and care for the large num 
 bers who were wounded. We landed there on the 
 3ist of July, commanded by Captain Tracy, who was 
 senior Captain in the regiment and highest officer for 
 duty. While at the Head the news came to us of the 
 
Volunteer Infantry. 77 
 
 death of Gen. Strong and Col. Chatfield, both having 
 gone North to recruit their health. The men of the 
 Sixth cherished very great affection for their beloved 
 Colonel, and were grieved to hear of his untimely 
 death. 
 
 Col. Chatfield was born at Oxford, Conn., in 1826; 
 was the son of Pulaski and Amanda Chatfield. He 
 was apprenticed to the carpenter business in Derby, 
 where he served four years at his trade ; after which 
 he worked as a journeyman. In 1855, having moved 
 to Waterbury, he was associated with a brother in 
 building, and the firm was widely and favorably 
 known. Always upright, a man of sterling integrity, 
 prompt and honorable in all his dealings, he pos 
 sessed the confidence and esteem of all with whom 
 he came in contact. 
 
 Col. Chatfield was born a soldier; he commenced as 
 a private in the Derby Blues and was active in raising 
 the Waterbury City Guard, and afterwards became its 
 Captain. His service with the three months troops 
 was a fine school in which to display his military 
 genius, and he caught the true military spirit, which 
 he seemed to infuse into his fellow soldiers. Subse 
 quently, becoming Colonel of the Sixth, he brought 
 it to a state of discipline second to none in the ser 
 vice. The early part of the service seemed too much 
 for him, and he remained at Annapolis, an invalid, 
 while the regiment was sent on the expedition, but 
 
j8 Sixth Connecticut 
 
 joined it again in January, 1862. At Pocotaligo he 
 received a cannister shot in his right thigh, but recov 
 ered sufficiently to join us again in April, when for a 
 time he was placed by Gen. Hunter in command of 
 the forces at Hilton Head. After serving there for 
 some time, he was relieved at his own request and 
 permitted to join in the operations on Morris Island. 
 In the charge on Fort Wagner he was wounded in 
 the leg, and in attempting to drag himself out, was 
 hit a second time in his right hand, which knocked 
 his sword out of his grasp. He was carried to the 
 rear by Private Andrew H. Grogan of Co. "I," and 
 Chaplain Woodruff procured transportation for him 
 to his home. He spoke very feelingly in regard to 
 the charge of his regiment, and inquired if the colors 
 were safe. Being informed that all that was left of 
 them was brought off the field, his eyes glistened as 
 he replied, " Thank God for that ; I am so glad they 
 are safe ; keep them as long as there is a thread left." 
 He was sent home on a steamer, but the journey was 
 exhausting to him and probably hastened his death. 
 He passed away from his earthly labors August 10, 
 surrounded by his family. Just before his death a 
 gleam of consciousness was visible, and looking up 
 he recognized his weeping family, and expressed his 
 entire willingness and readiness to depart, and died 
 with hardly a struggle. Had Col. Chatfield lived he 
 would have distinguished himself, and no doubt risen 
 
Volunteer Infantry. yp 
 
 high in rank ; his record a knight might envy. His 
 noble deeds and eminently Christian character will 
 ever be fresh in the memory of the members of the 
 old Sixth Regiment. 
 
Sixth Connecticut 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 
 After the death of Col. Chatfield, Redfield Duryee 
 was appointed Colonel of the Sixth, rising from Ad 
 jutant to that position at a single step. He had been 
 North on recruiting service for eighteen months pre 
 vious to his appointment, but after securing that 
 position he hastened to join the regiment in the field. 
 The appointment was not received very pleasantly 
 by the officers of the Sixth, nor by the privates, who 
 expressed much dissatisfaction at his appointment. 
 Those who had been with the regiment through thick 
 and thin and had borne the brunt of the battles, were 
 more justly entitled to promotion to that position 
 than Redfield Duryee, who had been home for half 
 of his term of enlistment. But merit is not always 
 justly rewarded, and the appointment had to be en 
 dured, although it was not according to our taste. 
 Our new colonel enjoined upon the regiment severe 
 drills and guard duties, while it was tasked severely 
 and laboriously with fatigue duty every day and often 
 far into the night. We found it difficult to endure 
 the loss of Col. Chatfield. Few men, living in the 
 
Volunteer Infantry. 8\ 
 
 midst of such temptations as army life afforded, could 
 resist so practically the attractions that led so many 
 good men astray ; yet he stood as a beacon light, and 
 his counsel and judgment were often sought by those 
 who were his superiors in rank. Had Col. Chatfield 
 lived, the entire regiment would no doubt have re- 
 enlisted ; but as the command passed into other 
 hands, the number did not exceed 200 who consented 
 to remain till the close of the war. Lieut. Col. 
 Speidel and Capt. Leach resigned their commissions 
 and left the regiment in August, 1863. Ill health was 
 the cause of their resignations. 
 
 Col. Speidel never fully recovered from the wound 
 received at Pocotaligo, and the regiment was loth to 
 part with him, as he endeared himself to the boys by 
 his soldierly bearing and commanding ways. He 
 was a brave officer and never flinched on the field, but 
 always inspired the men with true courage and 
 patriotism. 
 
 October 2oth, five companies of the Sixth went on 
 provost guard duty, relieving the Eighth Maine. 
 We occupied the provost building and had charge of 
 a large number of rebel prisoners, as well as others 
 from Union regiments, who had been guilty of some 
 crime known to military law. Among the rebel 
 prisoners was a Captain Monroe whom the Sixth 
 captured, with others, on Morris Island. He was 
 son of the Mayor of Charleston, and a most bitter 
 
8 2 Sixth Connecticut 
 
 and uncompromising rebel. He evinced no desire to 
 shake hands over the "bloody chasm," but, on the 
 contrary, was bitterly opposed to the Union and to 
 the hireling soldiers employed by Lincoln. He 
 raved and stormed in the guard house like a mad 
 bull, and swore he would fight us to the bitter end 
 whenever he should be exchanged or released. He 
 was taken to some Northern prison with about 100 
 other prisoners, a guard from the Sixth accompany 
 ing them. 
 
 Volunteering having partially subsided in the 
 State, and as the government was in need of more 
 troops, drafting commenced in other States as well as 
 in Connecticut. The Sixth received about 200 men 
 in October; some were conscripts and others drafted 
 men, as but few voluntered for the service. Their 
 advent was not hailed with much pleasure or satis 
 faction by the old regiment, as they claimed that 
 "forced" men would not fight and could not be 
 trusted in case of an emergency. Some were vile 
 roughs and were frequently in the guard house ; 
 while others manifested a disposition to do their 
 duty, and did make very good soldiers. Three of 
 the substitutes deserted from the regiment while on 
 picket, but were captured and placed in close con 
 finement at the provost guard house. While there 
 they succeeded in getting away twice ; the first time 
 they were found in Ossanabaw Sound and were re- 
 
Volunteer Infantry. 83 
 
 turned to the post, where they were tried for deser 
 tion before a court martial, of which Capt. Tracy of 
 the Sixth was president, found guilty and sentenced 
 to be shot to death by musketry. They were then 
 chained hand and foot to a post inside of the provost 
 quarters ; and, notwithstanding these precautions, 
 together with a strong guard, they succeeded in get 
 ting away again. They took a boat near the pier 
 and made off; but while in Warsaw sound near the 
 shore, their boat grounded and they w r ere captured 
 by a picket boat from the gunboat Patapsco. They 
 were very bold, ingenious men, and their skill and 
 perseverance might have won them honor if rightly 
 applied. The culprits were Germans by birth : pri 
 vates Henry Schumaker, of Co. " C," Henry Stark, of 
 Co. "E," and Gustav Hoofan, of Co. "B." 
 
 In the case of the latter an error was discovered in 
 writing his name, the name Hoofan having been 
 written Hoffman by the Judge Advocate. Col. Dur- 
 yee wishing to be merciful to the full extent consist 
 ent with duty, availed himself of this technical error 
 and protested against his execution. This protest was 
 allowed, and he was saved from death and ordered to 
 return to duty with his regiment. The man was more 
 than pleased at this announcement, but the Judge Ad 
 vocate, a lieutenant of the Eighty-fifth Pennsylvania 
 regiment, was severely censured in general orders 
 for his inexcusable carelessness and fatal error. 
 
84 Sixth Connecticut 
 
 The following order was issued to the troops for 
 the execution of the deserters : 
 
 GENERAL ORDERS, No. 7. 
 
 HEADQUARTERS HILTON HEAD, ) 
 
 Hilton Head, S. C., April 16, 1864. f 
 
 In obedience to General Orders No. 50, Department of the 
 South, Hilton Head, S. C., April 15, 1864, the sentence of private 
 Henry Schumaker, of Co. " C," and private Henry Stark, Co. 
 " E," Sixth regiment Connecticut Volunteers, who were tried be 
 fore a court martial assembled at Hilton Head, S. C., March 4, 
 1864, for the crime of desertion, and were sentenced to be shot to 
 death with musketry, will be carried into execution at this Post 
 on Sunday the iyth day of April, 1864, at three o clock P. M., on the 
 field beyond the causeway and in the presence of all the troops of 
 this command. All fatigue work within the line of the entrench 
 ments will be suspended on that day during the afternoon, and 
 every officer and man not upon the sick list or upon other duty, 
 will be present. The firing party will be furnished by the Sixth 
 Connecticut Volunteers. Capt. E. S. Babcock, gth U. S. C. T., 
 Provost Marshal, will make the necessary arrangements for the 
 execution. The several regiments and detachments comprising 
 the command will report at two o clock p. M. to Lieut. Woodruff, 
 A. A. D. C., who will be stationed there to direct them to their 
 positions. 
 
 By order of Col. REDFIELD DURYEE, 
 
 WALTER FITCH, 
 
 ist Lieut. 6th Conn. Vols., Post Adj. 
 
 Official : 
 D. A. WOODRUFF, 
 
 ist Lieut. 6th Conn. Vols., A. A. D. C. 
 
Volunteer Infantry. 85 
 
 As soon as the time had been fixed for their execu 
 tion they were visited by the Provost Marshal, who 
 informed them of their fate and advised them to pre 
 pare for death. They seemed stolid and indifferent 
 at first, but upon reflection they gave way to their 
 feelings and desired to have a priest sent to them 
 (they were both Roman Catholics), and Rev. Mr. 
 Hasson, a Catholic priest who was in the department, 
 was sent for and ministered to them. It was for a 
 long time difficult to convince them that their case 
 was hopeless, but Mr. Hasson s arguments finally 
 forced conviction, and, after hearing their confession 
 twice, he performed all the rites of the Church that 
 were practicable. The prisoners were taken from 
 their cells at about two o -clock, placed in army 
 wagons and seated on the coffins in which they were 
 to be buried. The column was formed as follows : 
 
 Capt. E. S. Babcock, Provost Marshal, mounted. 
 
 Capt. J. P. King, Asst. Provost Marshal, mounted. 
 
 Drum Corps in two ranks. 
 
 Firing Party of 24 men detailed from 6th Conn. 
 
 The Prisoners in wagon seated on their coffins. 
 
 Ambulance containing Rev. Mr. Hasson, and Chaplain 
 Woodruff, of the 6th Conn.; Rev. Mr. Taylor of the Christian 
 Commission ; the Surgeon of the Provost guard house, and the 
 Surgeon of the 6th Connecticut. 
 
 The funeral escort, consisting of a corporal and 
 eight men, marched to funeral music, with arms re- 
 
 8* 
 
86 Sixth Connecticut 
 
 versed. Slowly the procession proceeded to the ap 
 pointed place ; the square was formed on three sides, 
 and the victims were driven around once that all 
 might see them and avoid their fate. They main 
 tained a calm demeanor to all, except as they passed 
 our regiment they took off their caps several times 
 to their old comrades. On reaching the end of the 
 square they were assisted to alight from the wagons, 
 the coffins were placed on the ground, the culprits 
 sitting down upon them white the Provost Marshal 
 read the charges, findings and sentence. After a 
 short prayer by the priest they were blindfolded and 
 their hands tied behind them and made to kneel upon 
 their coffins, facing the center of the square. The 
 firing party came up and were halted at six paces 
 distant, when, at a signal from Capt. Babcock, they 
 fired and the victims fell upon their coffins. Schu- 
 maker was pierced with nine bullets and Stark with 
 eight. They lay just as they had fallen till the whole 
 command marched past them on the way to camp, 
 when they were put into the coffins and buried. 
 
 On the 2oth of April, Capt. Lewis C. Allen, Jr., 
 died of disease. He was formerly a member of a 
 militia company in Georgia, and afterwards remov 
 ing to New Haven, was drill officer of the New Haven 
 Blues. He went out as ist Lieut, in Capt. Root s 
 company in the Third three months troops, and later 
 as captain of the " Brewster Rifles," Co. " F," of the 
 
Volunteer Infantry. 87 
 
 Sixth regiment. He participated in all the battles of 
 the regiment, and was looked upon as a brave and 
 efficient officer by all the regiment and was much 
 esteemed by his own company for his uniform cour 
 tesy and gentlemanly bearing. 
 
 Lieut. Col. Klein, with the re-enlisting veterans of 
 the regiment, were given a thirty days furlough after 
 re-enlisting; they sailed for the North and were 
 received in New Haven with demonstrations of re 
 spect, escorted to Music Hall, where Mayor Tyler 
 addressed a welcome to the returning soldiers, after 
 which they sat down to a banquet provided for them. 
 
 The regiment remained at Hilton Head through 
 the fall and winter months of 63 and 64, engaging 
 in an occasional scout after the Johnnies, drilling 
 and doing fatigue duty in various ways. If a battery 
 was to be built or earthworks thrown up, the Sixth 
 was sure to have a hand in it. Many of our officers 
 having resigned and our ranks being depleted by 
 disease, we were finally ordered, with our corps, to 
 join Butler on the James River, and we bade adieu 
 to South Carolina on the 2yth of April, 1864, and 
 sailed for our new scene of labor and strife. We 
 arrived at Hampton Roads after due time and landed 
 at Gloucester Point, opposite Yorktown. Here we 
 found large numbers of troops encamped in very 
 close proximity to each other, and indications 
 pointed to a general advance along the line. The 
 
8 Sixth Connecticut 
 
 redoubtable Ben seemed in his element and was busy 
 from morning till far into the night, making the 
 necessary preparations for the conflict. Our corps 
 (the loth), and the i8th corps, under Gen. W. F. 
 Smith, were ordered to pack up all the surplus cloth 
 ing belonging to the officers and men, and the cooks 
 were divested of all their cooking utensils except 
 two camp kettles. Large quantities of clothes and 
 goods were put in boxes and barrels and shipped to 
 Norfolk, where they were to be stored ; but, unfor 
 tunately, the steamer containing the goods of the 
 Sixth sprung a leak and sank, the crew barely escap 
 ing with their lives. Butler ordered the command to 
 go as light as possible in regard to clothing- and 
 effects, and the rations were cut down to such extent 
 that we were to be deprived of many articles that 
 were palatable to a soldier. Beef, beans and potatoes 
 were excluded from our bill of fare, and bacon and 
 salt pork were to be more freely used. Half rations 
 of soap and full rations of whiskey and quinine were 
 among the items which were considered necessary for 
 our comfort, and lastly, two pairs of Uncle Sam s 
 brogans w r ere ordered for each man, fearing, perhaps, 
 that the sacred mud of Virginia might draw off one 
 pair while experiencing a march after a gentle fall of 
 dew. 
 
 May 4th, the whole command embarked at Glou 
 cester Point and ascended the James. The infantry, 
 
Volunteer Infantry. 89 
 
 artillery and cavalry numbered about 25,000 men, all 
 told. The gunboats went up the river a day earlier 
 than the transports. The scenery along the banks of 
 the James was indeed beautiful ; the corn and cotton 
 crops were growing splendidly ; large fields in culti 
 vation met the eye on every hand, and everything 
 clearly indicated that Johnny Reb did not expect us 
 quite so soon. The steamers were crowded with the 
 troops, and the bunting streaming from the ma^ts and 
 rigging was a pleasing sight to all beholders. If the 
 enemy saw this advance of Butler s army coming they 
 could not but dread the results. 
 
 The 6th of May the entire force landed at Bermuda 
 Hundred and pushed inland. The day was extremely 
 warm and the extra pair of brogans that " Bennie " 
 made us take were soon thrown off, as well as blank 
 ets and knapsacks, anything to lighten our load. 
 The march through the woods and fields was strewed 
 with these articles, but none could tell whether they 
 would ever be needed again, for we wist not what was 
 before us. We marched about eight miles and halted 
 for the night in a piece of pine woods, where we 
 threw up a rude entrenchment to cover us against a 
 sudden attack. The night passed with no general 
 alarm, although the advance pickets skirmished with 
 the enemy. We were up betimes in the morning and 
 on the move, passing many swamps and deep mo 
 rasses, which made progress slow. A large detach- 
 
go Sixth Connecticut 
 
 ment were felling trees to make passage for the artil 
 lery through the woods and swamps. 
 
 On the 9th of May our division moved on to the 
 Petersburg & Richmond R. R., at Chester station, 
 where we cut the telegraph wires and tore up the 
 track, burning the ties and poles. Our brigade pried 
 up the rails as we stood close together, and tumbled 
 them down a steep bank. Over a half mile of track 
 was thus disposed of at a time. We destroyed about 
 three miles of the track at this time and guarded the 
 turnpike and all approaches, while the i8th army 
 corps engaged the rebels near Richmond, but with 
 little success, except to find their position. The next 
 day Gen. D. H. Hill s corps advanced from Rich 
 mond and our forces engaged them all along the line. 
 After a sharp contest which continued over two hours, 
 the rebels withdrew from the field and we retired a 
 short distance to the rear. The casualties of the Sixth 
 were one killed (Capt. Jay P. Wilcox), twenty 
 wounded and four missing. 
 
 Captain Wilcox left Waterbury as a private soldier 
 in the Sixth, but was soon promoted to the rank of 
 corporal and thence passed rapidly to that of captain. 
 As an officer, Capt. Wilcox gained the honor and 
 respect of all under his command. Resolute, bold 
 and fearless, he proved an honor to the cause, and the 
 Union lost one of its noblest defenders. 
 
 On the i4th of May the Sixth was ordered, with 
 
Volunteer Infantry. pi 
 
 the rest of the corps, to advance to Proctor s Creek, 
 near Drury s Bluff, at which place we arrived after 
 little skirmishing. We halted near the edge of a 
 piece of woods, expecting to remain but a short time ; 
 but Gen. Butler ordered the Quartermasters to bring 
 up all camp equipage and establish our camps there 
 before commencing operations still farther in advance. 
 We knew, however, that we could not advance very 
 much farther except by bringing on a general engage 
 ment, as the enemy were strongly entrenched a short 
 distance from us, as we could see them working on 
 their batteries every day. The evening of the i5th 
 the Sixth occupied the extreme front at the center of 
 the line, on picket. The night passed with but little 
 firing on either side. Just before daylight, while a 
 thick fog prevailed, the rebels massed their forces and 
 made a very determined dash in our front, charging 
 upon us furiously, shouting with that peculiar yell so 
 characteristic of the Johnnies. We knew they out 
 numbered us, and to stand alone as a picket line 
 would be of no avail ; yet we emptied our rifles at 
 them several times and fell slowly back upon the 
 reserve. They proved too strong for our corps and 
 it gave way gradually. We did not "retreat," but 
 "changed front to the rear," and contested every foot 
 of ground ; but the enemy knowing our strength, 
 forced us back slowly but surely. The turnpike 
 being the safest ground to pass over, was besieged by 
 
$2 Sixth Connecticut 
 
 the troops; ambulances carrying the wounded, negro 
 men and women, rebel prisoners and Union soldiers 
 filled the roadway, while heads of staff were busy 
 issuing orders to the different regiments to form here 
 and there to check the rebel advance. One regiment 
 would file in a piece of woods ; another made a stand 
 in a ravine, while our batteries limbered up to get a 
 better position and the whole force resisted bravely 
 the attack. We were forced back about six miles, 
 and, as night came on, the battle ended. 
 
 The loss on our side was much larger than that of 
 the rebels. The Sixth suffered severely, considering 
 the numbers engaged : seven killed and fifty-three 
 wounded. Among the wounded were Lieut. Col. 
 Meeker, Captains Charles H. Nichols and John 
 N. Tracy, Lieutenants Bennett S. Lewis, Charles J. 
 Buckbee and Norman Provost. Capt. Horatio D. 
 Eaton, of Hartford, was killed while encouraging his 
 men forward. He served through the three months 
 campaign and afterwards went out as lieutenant of 
 the Sixth. He was greatly beloved at home by a 
 large circle of friends, and possessed the esteem of 
 the regiment. Capt. Biebel and twenty others were 
 captured by the enemy. 
 
 The day after this battle the men of the Sixth who 
 who had re-enlisted came back from their furlough 
 and reported for duty, but found our position rather 
 warmer than they anticipated, quite unlike the 
 
Volunteer Infantry. pj 
 
 scenes they had just left at the North. We threw up 
 entrenchments every night, working till morning 
 dawned, and the Johnnies were unceasing in their 
 efforts to dislodge us, many of the men being wound 
 ed while at work. The picket line was relieved always 
 at night, and we were invariably shelled while going 
 on that duty. After being posted on the lines things 
 generally quieted down, as the distance between the 
 rebel and Union pickets was often less than three 
 rods. Conversation was kept up and exchanges of 
 newspapers frequently took place, as well as the usual 
 exchange of " terbacker " for coffee. 
 
 The old Sixth was again engaged on the 2oth of 
 May with the enemy ; the Johnnies fought stubbornly 
 and seemed determined on driving us back. We held 
 our ground, but made no advance. After about four 
 hours they were repulsed and fell back. Lieut. 
 Bradley and two privates were mortally wounded, and 
 died soon after being brought into camp. Thirty-two 
 of the regiment were wounded and one missing. 
 Thus the Yanks of the Sixth were constantly reduced 
 by these frequent skirmishes, and duty fell pretty 
 severe upon those who were able to perform it. 
 Scarcely an hour passed, day or night, without being 
 shelled by the enemy, and rest seemed out of the 
 question. The pale faces and haggard looks of the 
 men told too plainly what they endured. Yet few 
 reproached the cause in which they were engaged. 
 
 9 
 
p4 Sixth Connecticut 
 
 There is very little poetry and a good deal of hard 
 work in an active campaign. 
 
 Col. Redfield Duryee resigned his commission on 
 the 2yth of May, as failing health, it is said, incapaci 
 tated him for active service in the field. The captain 
 of the ist Connecticut Battery, Alfred P. Rockwell, 
 was chosen to fill the place. Col. Rockwell was 
 brave and fearless, and held in esteem by the mem 
 bers of the Sixth. 
 
 The 2nd of June the enemy again tried to force our 
 lines and did drive back some portion of the 3d New 
 Hampshire, but they were repulsed and the line re 
 gained. The artillery duel on both sides waged hot 
 for a few hours, and it was difficult to determine 
 which would come out best in the end. One rebel 
 colonel was killed and brought within our lines, and 
 a lieutenant and twenty-six men deserted to us, being, 
 as they said, tired of the war. The loss to the Sixth 
 was only three wounded. 
 
 Part of the command, including the Sixth, were 
 sent across the Appomatox River on the 9th of June, 
 to engage the enemy at a certain point, while the 
 cavalry destroyed a railroad. We came upon the 
 outposts of the enemy, drove them in, were subjected 
 to a severe shelling, but with slight loss on our side. 
 The cavalry, it was said, accomplished its object, 
 and the next day found us back to our old line of 
 works. One morning the videttes reported that the 
 
Volunteer Infantry. 95 
 
 enemy had evacuated their line of rifle pits on our 
 front, and the orders were issued for our corps to 
 advance and make a reconnoissance, which we did. 
 Finding their line deserted, we pushed forward and 
 skirmished with them, they falling back all the while 
 evidently to get us into an ambuscade. We fell back 
 to the line evacuated by the rebels and awaited re 
 sults. The sharpshooters annoyed us exceedingly all 
 day, being posted in the trees, and their clothing was 
 so near the color of the bark of the trees that it was 
 difficult to discover their position. The enemy gave 
 us a vigorous shelling early in the afternoon ; and as 
 that nearly always preceded an advance, the whole 
 line awaited anxiously the result. The Johnnies 
 were soon discovered slowly approaching through 
 the woods directly in front of the Sixth. They 
 rushed forward with a yell, but did not find us unpre 
 pared to meet them. The bullets flew lively for a 
 time, and the rebels swayed backward, but soon ral 
 lied and rushed forward in large numbers, forcing 
 back the Union lines and regaining their rifle pits. 
 Their numbers must have been very much larger than 
 ours, and they evidently expected we would take 
 their pits when they fell back, and no doubt had a 
 plan laid to gobble us all up ; but our commander 
 displayed that wisdom requisite for the occasion. 
 We retired, however, with considerable loss. The 
 Sixth lost in this engagement 5 killed, 16 wounded and 
 
p<5 Sixth Connecticut 
 
 18 missing. Capt. Nichols was captured by the 
 enemy. 
 
 The weather was excessively warm and no exer 
 tion was required to produce perspiration. The 
 thermometer on June 22d rose to 103 degrees in the 
 shade. We were apprised of the fact that our worthy 
 President, Abraham Lincoln, was near us, and all 
 that were not engaged on duty were ordered to ap 
 pear near the regimental quarters and render a 
 proper salute. He came on horseback, attended by 
 Gen. Butler and staff. The troops greeted him pleas 
 antly and gave hearty cheers along the whole line. 
 The President looked careworn and troubled. Un 
 doubtedly the trials through which the nation was 
 passing had much to do with his depression of spirits. 
 
 The next day we received some rebel papers which 
 had an article headed, "What mean those cheers?" 
 In allusion to the cheers which they distinctly heard, 
 they inferred that we had received some good news of 
 a recent Union victory ; but as no such information 
 had come to them through their sources, they finally 
 came to the conclusion that it must be some scheme 
 made known to the troops from the fertile brain of 
 that " beefy, bloated Massachusetts Yankee," as they 
 called Gen. Butler. 
 
 Sheridan s cavalry were at the " White House," 
 and were ordered to join Grant at the rear of Peters 
 burg on the 25th of June. Some of our division 
 
Volunteer Infantry. 97 
 
 were sent over the Appomatox to cover his retreat. 
 The Sixth Connecticut and Third New Hampshire 
 regiments formed a part of the force employed for 
 that purpose, which returned to camp after their 
 mission was accomplished. Sergt. Andrew Grogan, 
 of Co. "I," who had been but recently promoted to 
 2d Lieutenant, went on the picket line on the evening 
 of June 29, in charge of the pickets of the Sixth. 
 The rebels fired upon the line, wounding Lieut. 
 Grogan in the thigh. He was carried to camp and 
 the surgeons found it necessary to amputate the limb 
 to save his life. The operation was performed suc 
 cessfully and he fully recovered. Lieut. Grogan was 
 exemplary in his habits and was a consistent Christian ; 
 respected and loved by the regiment, and it was with 
 sorrow that we were obliged to part with his services. 
 It will be remembered that Lieut. Grogan bore Col. 
 Chatfield from Fort Wagner after the Colonel was 
 twice wounded in that memorable assault on the 
 night of July i8th. 
 
 Gen. Butler issued an order calling for volunteers 
 for fatigue duty upon his famous Dutch Gap Canal, 
 offering eight cents an hour extra pay and two rations 
 of whisky each day. The work was very laborious, 
 the enemy keeping a continuous fire upon the work 
 ing parties, which together with the excessive heat, 
 rendered the service anything but desirable ; yet 
 many availed themselves of the offer. The pickets 
 
 9* 
 
y8 Sixth Connecticut 
 
 were strengthened and the reserve made secure to 
 prevent any sudden dash upon the working parties ; 
 while our gunboats in the James rendered effective 
 service in dispersing these advances. The Johnnies 
 were pretty sure to retire if the gunboats sent their 
 compliments. Some of the captured rebels affirmed 
 that they could stand any ordinary shelling, but when 
 our navy sent a whole " blacksmith shop, with forge 
 and bellows complete," they thought it was time to 
 " change front to the rear." 
 
 The report that Gen. A. P. Hill, of the rebel army, 
 was advancing south of Richmond in the direction 
 of Petersburg, aroused our General commanding, 
 and Gen. Smith s corps was ordered on the move. 
 The Sixth was accordingly ordered to cook up the 
 usual three days rations. We left the front shortly 
 after midnight on the morning of the i4th of August, 
 and at about 5 o clock Sunday morning we crossed 
 the James River on the pontoons, drove in the ad 
 vance pickets and rapidly pushed forward, skirmish 
 ing with the enemy at different points. We soon 
 heard the rebel yell, and the enemy came pouring 
 upon us with all their fury. Our regiment, divested 
 of knapsacks, immediately charged upon them and 
 captured two lines of rebel earthworks, driving the 
 enemy before us at a place called Strawberry Plains, 
 near Malvern Hill. We skirmished with the enemy 
 all day, and when night came on our division occu- 
 
Volunteer Infantry. pp 
 
 pied Hancock s old works near the hill, and gladly 
 availed ourselves of a chance to lay down, but not to 
 sleep, as that would have been a luxury not to be 
 entertained. Owing to the excessive heat of the day, 
 many fell from the ranks completely exhausted. So 
 severe had been our campaign in Virginia, in its 
 marches and fatigue duty, that the Sixth mustered 
 but few men for duty. We were continually on the 
 move; and often, in our midnight marches, some 
 would fall asleep while in the ranks, and as soon as 
 the order was given to halt and rest, the entire regi 
 ment would fall down where it stood, and sleep 
 during the few moments allotted for rest. 
 
 The Sixth moved again on the i5th of August and 
 fought the battle known as Deep Run. We were 
 posted in the woods with Hawley s brigade, looking 
 for the position of the enemy ; but the woods were 
 so dense that we could scarcely stand in line. The 
 rebel earthworks were in our front, but their exact 
 position or strength was unknown to the brigade. 
 We fixed bayonets and cocked our rifles preparatory 
 to an advance and charge. Gen. Terry informed us 
 in whispers, as near as he could, the location of the 
 enemy, and directed us to creep through the under 
 brush till we came to a certain tree, and then charge. 
 The word " forward " was given and the brigade 
 moved through the woods as fast as the tangled un 
 derbrush would permit. The enemy discovered our 
 
foo Sixth Connecticut 
 
 advance ere we had proceeded far, and with a loud 
 yell they opened fire from howitzers and musketry. 
 The latter was terrific, and the bullets skipped 
 through the leaves of the trees in terrible volleys. 
 In passing through the woods we came to an open 
 ing which was made by the trees being felled and 
 brush cleared away. About twenty rods in our front 
 ranged a strong earthwork, behind which the rebels 
 were strongly posted, and in the front was a huge 
 abatis almost defying any approach. On went our 
 brigade with a cheer, tumbling through the abatis 
 and picking our way as best we could amid a furious 
 storm of bullets ; but the desperate rebels held their 
 works till they saw us clear of the abatis and knew 
 that we were coming for them, when they turned and 
 fled ; but we were too quick for some of them. 
 Springing upon them in their pits we had a hand to 
 hand combat, till they saw it was useless to hold out 
 longer and a few surrendered, while the main body 
 skedaddled through a corn field into a piece of 
 woods. Beyond this point we did not proceed, as a 
 deep ravine skirted the edge of the field, and beyond 
 this the enemy were massing their scattered forces 
 preparatory to regaining w T hat they had lost. 
 
 With our force engaged and with the rebel force in 
 front, it was deemed imprudent to remain on the cap 
 tured ground and we fell back slowly, harrassed by 
 the rebel sharpshooters. Once they charged upon 
 
Volunteer Infantry. 101 
 
 our line, forcing us back with greater speed than we 
 cared to travel on that hot day ; and, although we did 
 not run, we executed "some pretty tall walking." 
 A second dash made upon us we repelled with a few 
 bullets, which prevented any further trouble from 
 them. They recaptured their lost works and, doubt 
 less, considered themselves the victors. Our captures 
 amounted to about 200 prisoners and two stands of 
 colors. The Sixth lost in this action five killed, sixty- 
 nine wounded and eleven missing. Among the 
 wounded were Captains Bennett S. Lewis, John 
 Slottlar and Dwight A. Woodruff (severely), and 
 Lieutenants John Waters, Joseph Miller and George 
 Bellows. Capt. Woodruff suffered the amputation of 
 his arm and endured severe pain for a few weeks, till 
 released by death. He entered the army as a private 
 and was steadily promoted for good conduct. He 
 was brave and faithful, beloved by the regiment, and 
 his untimely death was regretted by all. The color 
 guard of the Sixth was worsted in this engagement, 
 the sergeant with two corporals were wounded, and 
 one was overcome by the heat. The remaining cor 
 poral, Edward S. Downs, seized the flag and brought 
 it off the field in safety. 
 
 The second day after this engagement the rebels, 
 emboldened by the fact of the Union lines not being 
 advanced, made a simultaneous attack all along our 
 lines, and drove in our pickets, but w r ere repulsed 
 
IO2 Sixth Connecticut 
 
 after a sharp skirmish, and they were glad enough to 
 retire. The corps fell back about two miles at night 
 to a former position occupied by us, and at seven 
 o clock orders came for us to march again. It had 
 been raining quite hard, and that Virginia mud was 
 decidedly uncomfortable to march in. The artillery 
 often got stuck in the mud and the command was 
 necessarily delayed. After a wearisome march of 
 seven hours we crossed the Appomatox river at Point 
 of Rocks and resumed our march to the Weldon 
 R. R. near Ream s Station, in the rear of Petersburg. 
 Here we were again posted at the front. The Sixth 
 occupied one side of the railroad track with the rebels 
 on the other. Tents were out of the question. When 
 a regiment moves from one place to another and halts 
 for a season, to use a military term, " we pitch our 
 tents;" but in this Virginia campaign tents were ob 
 solete, and the term now used was, " we dug our 
 holes." Tents served to attract the enemy and draw 
 their fire, and it was very unsafe to sleep in one even 
 if we could do so ; but in the holes in the ground we 
 felt comparatively secure. It was rather a ludicrous 
 sight to a casual observer to find an army of men 
 burrowing in holes in the earth like so many wood- 
 chucks, and yet such was the fact. The whole of 
 Grant s line, extending from the south of Petersburg 
 along the line of the Appomatox River down across 
 Bermuda Hundred to the James, the army, when not 
 
Volunteer Infantry. IOJ 
 
 engaged, were inside the " rat holes," as the boys 
 termed them. Some of these holes held a corporal s 
 guard, while others only served for two or three. 
 They were hastily made, without any regard to arch 
 itectural proportions, and yet not so deep but that 
 they could be quickly evacuated. 
 
 Shelling from the rebels and from our side was 
 kept up day after day and night after night for weeks, 
 and when the tired soldier had a few moments to 
 sleep he quickly availed himself of it, and no amount 
 of shelling would disturb his slumbers ; but let the 
 clear notes of the bugle sound through the air and he 
 was quickly at his post. We knew the bugle call 
 meant work ; either some advance was threatened, or 
 the line ordered to move to another quarter. It 
 required but little time to pack up our household 
 goods, and we were not required to run after drays 
 to load them, but the clothes we wore were our bed 
 ding, and any hole we found when night overtook us 
 was our bed, with the sky for a covering and with a 
 consciousness that we were battling for the right, 
 made sleep attractive to the Union soldier. 
 
 Gen. Hawley s brigade was ordered out on the 
 morning of Sept. 3d to witness the execution of a 
 soldier of the yth Connecticut by hanging. The 
 brigade formed three sides of a hollow square around 
 the gallows and saw the victim yield up his life at the 
 end of a rope. He had some real or fancied grudge 
 
104 Sixth Connecticut 
 
 against a man, and on the battle-field of Olustee, Fla., 
 he took the opportunity to murder him, thinking, no 
 doubt, the exciting scenes on the field would cover 
 u.p his crime; but he was detected, tried before a 
 drum-head court martial, found guilty and sentenced 
 to death by hanging, and the day above mentioned 
 the sentence was carried out. Another scene wit 
 nessed by our regiment, took place soon after, which 
 was the act of drumming a soldier out of camp for 
 cowardice on the battle field. The soldier was a pri 
 vate of Co. " I," of the Sixth, who was convicted of 
 cowardice by refusing to fight, and skulked to the 
 rear. His head was shaved and the word " coward," 
 painted on a board, was put on his back, and he was 
 marched through the brigade, with the drum corps 
 playing the Rogue s March. 
 
 The Sixth remained in the trenches around Peters 
 burg, indulging in frequent skirmishing and entrench 
 ing themselves, occasionally holding short confabs 
 with the rebel pickets, getting their views on the war 
 question, till the nth of September, 1864, when they 
 were ordered a short distance to the rear and drawn 
 up in front of Gen. Terry s headquarters, where the 
 non-re-enlisted men were mustered out of service. 
 Their term of three years had expired, and the rebels, 
 as if to give a parting salute, threw a shell into our 
 midst which exploded, doing no damage, however, 
 as the word " cover " was given in earnest this time. 
 
Volunteer Infantry. 105 
 
 It was with pride and not a little satisfaction that the 
 boys relinquished their trusty rifles, which had been 
 their constant companions through many a hard 
 fought conflict. Gen. Terry, in a speech to them, 
 said : " The State of Connecticut might well be proud 
 of the record of the Sixth." He thanked us person 
 ally for our valor on the field, and hoped that we 
 would live many years to recite the marches and bat 
 tles on the field to the loved ones at home; and 
 expressed a wish that the conflict would soon termi 
 nate, that he might also enjoy the blessings of civil 
 life. Cheers were given with a will for our brave 
 commander, and many a silent prayer went up for 
 his welfare. 
 
 " Three days rations " were issued to the boys for 
 the last time, and they bade an affectionate adieu to 
 the comrades who were to remain. Many a tear 
 glistened in the eyes of the old soldiers as the last 
 good-bye was said, and all expressed a wish that the 
 war would soon be over and they also be permitted 
 to greet their friends at home. The boys " changed 
 front to the rear," and took the cars to City Point, 
 and there embarked on the steamer United States. 
 After a pleasant sail and the usual delays, we reached 
 New York early on the morning of Sept. 15, landing 
 at the foot of Canal street, North River; marched 
 down Canal to Broadway, and down Broadway to 
 the Battery, where a bountiful collation was served 
 
106 Sixth Connecticut 
 
 to us by the " Sons of Connecticut " residing in New 
 York. After the repast was finished, they went on 
 board the steamer Nassau and sailed for New Haven, 
 arriving there at about 7 o clock in the evening. 
 Here a splendid reception awaited the old Sixth. 
 Citizens and the military joined as an escort, and 
 amid the booming of cannon (with blank cartridges) 
 and the fireworks along the streets, the boys marched 
 to the State House, where they were heartily wel 
 comed and invited to partake of a rich and tempting 
 repast. Ample justice was done to the viands, after 
 which the boys separated for the night. Their final 
 muster out and discharge was consummated on the 
 lyth of September, just three years from the day the 
 regiment left the State. 
 
Volunteer Infantry. 107 
 
 CHAPTER VII. 
 
 The Sixth remained around Petersburg on the 
 line of the railroad after the non-re-enlisted men had 
 returned home, skirmishing with the enemy, till the 
 28th of September, when Butler s army faced to the 
 right and crossed the Appomatox and hurried for 
 ward toward Richmond. Gen. Grant had resolved 
 that a further advance toward Richmond in Butler s 
 front, while a demonstration from Warren and Han 
 cock would weaken the rebel forces so that they 
 would retire and give our siege trains an opportunity 
 to press nearer the doomed city. The loth corps 
 crossed the James and pushed forward on the ex 
 treme right along Four Mile Creek, and advanced 
 vigorously up the New Market road, where it met 
 the rebels and a general engagement ensued all along 
 the lines. Musketry firing was very rapid and the 
 shells exploded with terrible force over the heads 
 of the gallant soldiers. The steady tramp soon be 
 came a double quick and the double quick became a 
 run, when the frightened rebels showed signs of 
 weakness ; yet they fought with desperation worthy 
 
io8 Sixth Connecticut 
 
 a better cause. The i8th corps confronted Fort 
 Gilmer, where it was for a few moments checked. 
 The loth corps, under the gallant Terry, then re 
 doubled its efforts and soon effected a junction with 
 the i8th corps near Fort Harrison. Then the whole 
 line advanced with a cheer and the rebels fell back in 
 confusion. The Sixth, with Terry s corps, advanced 
 up the Darbytown road until the head of the column 
 reached a point within three miles of Richmond, 
 where the spires of the churches and roofs of houses 
 were easily discernible. The success attending the 
 other parts of the line was not sufficient to warrant 
 advancing any further just then, and the corps fell 
 back a short distance, where it entrenched itself. 
 
 Fort Harrison was a strong earthwork of great 
 advantage to the rebels. The position was too val 
 uable to surrender without another trial. The fol 
 lowing day Gen. Lee brought additional reinforce 
 ments from Petersburg to hold their position, but 
 they, like the others, were unable to stand before the 
 Union fire. The capture of Fort Harrison was not 
 gained without severe loss to the Connecticut troops. 
 The Sixth, however, met with comparatively small 
 loss. The ist of October, Gen. Hawley s brigade 
 advanced again toward Richmond and was subjected 
 to a severe fire upon the Darbytown road, skirmish 
 ing with the enemy along the creeks and swamps, 
 with no chance for a pitched battle. The next week 
 
Volunteer Infantry. lop 
 
 was full of exposure and privation. The troops had 
 crossed the James without tents, and many without 
 blankets ; and what little sleep they gained was not 
 very refreshing. They were always compelled to be 
 under arms, and the utmost vigilance was required, 
 besides being much of the time under fire ; and when 
 not engaged skirmishing, were hard at work with the 
 pick and shovel, entrenching themselves. Our rifles, 
 of course, had to be close at hand, to be grasped in 
 an instant, and very often were we compelled to drop 
 one to seize the other. Words cannot express the 
 trials and exposures which the Union troops were 
 called to pass through at different periods of the 
 campaign. The Virginia campaign was unusually 
 severe. Most of the time, for seven months, the 
 troops were without tents, and but few had overcoats. 
 Fatigue parties were at work night and day ; lines of 
 works were thrown up to afford protection from the 
 enemy s bullets. Whole acres of land were turned 
 over, and many a tree was felled to make a clearing 
 by which a sudden advance might be checked. The 
 troops had little or no chance to cook their rations, 
 and more salt pork was eaten raw than was ever 
 boiled. A ramrod served the purpose of a gridiron, 
 while an army shovel proved a good frying pan. 
 
 The enemy made a vigorous attack on the yth of 
 October on Gen. Terry s line, and came dashing on 
 as if intent to drive the Union forces into the James 
 
Sixth Connecticut 
 
 River. The Sixth was the first Connecticut regiment 
 engaged ; some of the regiments fell back under the 
 withering fire. The One Hundredth New York Regi 
 ment especially dishonored their hitherto good fame 
 by breaking their line and fleeing in confusion, but 
 to the credit of all the regiments from Connecticut, 
 be it said, they kept an unbroken front to the foe ; 
 and notwithstanding the twice repeated assaults, the 
 enemy were forced to retire from the field and the 
 division entrenched themselves still more, and at mid 
 night the old picket line was re-established. An 
 attack upon the right of the rebel line was contem 
 plated and the troops again advanced to meet the foe. 
 Passing out beyond the rude line of earthworks, 
 they came upon Chapin s Farm, and from thence 
 they proceeded through the woods, across a wide 
 ravine and to the plains beyond. The skirmishers 
 opened fire and cautiously advanced; the enemy s 
 advance line was pressed back into their entrenched 
 position ; inactive firing was kept up for several 
 hours while our forces neared those of the enemy. 
 The enemy s position was favorable to them, as the 
 dense thicket of scrub oaks and the tangled under 
 brush rendered it exceedingly difficult for our troops 
 to preserve any kind of a line ; the forces seemed 
 determined, however, to go forward, and go forward 
 they did ; but the advance resulted disastrously and 
 the men fell back again, abandoning the assault. 
 
Volunteer Infantry. nr 
 
 Col. Rockwell was in command of the .Sixth. 
 Lieut. Col. Meeker resigned and Major Daniel Klein 
 succeeded him. Capt. Hiram L. Grant was pro 
 moted to be Major. Rev. Charles C. Tiffany, for 
 merly pastor of a church in Derby, was appointed 
 Chaplain. He was said to be a man of fine scholarly 
 attainments and with his whole heart in the cause. 
 
 Capt. Frederick B. Osborn of New Haven was hon 
 orably discharged Oct. 25, 1864, as his time of enlist 
 ment had expired. The Sixth lost no officer more 
 loyal than him ; brave and unflinching, he often 
 inspired courage where courage was lacking, and he 
 asked no soldier to follow where he dared not him 
 self lead. Through his daring and bravery the colors 
 of the Sixth were saved in the assault on Fort Wag 
 ner. The first Union flag that waved over Morris 
 Island was borne by him, fastened to his sword. 
 Before the war he was a marine in the U. S. service 
 four years, during which time he cruised 21,000 miles, 
 touching at European cities, and visited the Holy 
 land. He was also on the frigate Niagara when she 
 laid the Atlantic Cable. His term of service in the 
 navy having expired, he hastened home to remain 
 only a few months, for the bombardment of Sumpter 
 again enlisted his loyalty, and he joined the first 
 company of the first regiment of three months 
 troops, passed through the memorable Bull Run 
 campaign, and when the three years troops were 
 
112 Sixth Connecticut 
 
 called for, he was offered a Captaincy in the Sixth 
 Regiment, which his modesty prevented him from 
 accepting; but he was finally induced to accept the 
 position of ist Lieutenant in Co. " K," and by the 
 death of Capt. Gerrish was promoted to the vacancy. 
 He acquitted himself with great credit in his position 
 as Captain, and would have honored a field officer s 
 commission, for he seemed to lead a charmed life. 
 Where bullets were thickest there he was found, gal 
 lantly leading his men, with comparatively little 
 thought for himself, so dear was the cause of the old 
 flag to his heart, and he often won the respect and 
 admiration of those higher in rank, by his deeds of 
 daring, and unflinching zeal for the cause. Within a 
 year after his discharge he was accidentally killed on 
 the New York &: New Haven Railroad. A large 
 number of the veterans attended his funeral, and the 
 casket was draped with the flag he carried on Morris 
 Island. 
 
 As early winter set in, the old regiments began the 
 work of reorganizing. Many left the ranks, dis 
 charged after an honorable service, and new officers 
 were appointed; and, as a lull appeared, the troops 
 began to provide log huts for themselves to sleep in. 
 As November came on the peace men of the North 
 began to make threats of violence against the ballot 
 box, and large frauds were discovered. It seemed to 
 be their desire to stuff the ballot boxes and call the 
 
Volunteer Infantry. 113 
 
 war a failure, and to prevent, if possible, anyone from 
 voting war measures. Gen. Butler was transferred 
 to New York as commander of that Department, and 
 he was accompanied by a division of troops under 
 Gen. Jos. R. Hawley. There were two brigades in 
 the division of 3,000 men each. The Sixth was in 
 the ist brigade under command of Col. Greeley. 
 Col. Rockwell, of the Sixth, commanded the 26. bri 
 gade. The troops made a landing on Staten Island 
 for a short time, but most of the time were kept on 
 board the steamers in the North and East rivers. 
 The men suffered severely on this transfer from the 
 South to the cool air of the North. They were kept 
 on board the boats in a crowded state, and no officer 
 or man allowed to go on shore. Friends of the reg 
 iments, wives, sweethearts, &c., came many miles, 
 some of them, but were not permitted to see them. 
 After the Presidential election had passed, the troops 
 immediately returned to their old position on the 
 James. The Sixth found the log cabins they had 
 made with so much care all destroyed, and were 
 obliged to build others to protect themselves from 
 the chilly nights. 
 
 In December, Gen. Grant ordered an advance on 
 Fort Fisher at the mouth of Cape Fear river, N. C., 
 in order to suppress, if possible, the blockade running 
 which was carried on to a very great extent. Run 
 ning into Wilmington and unloading their cargoes, 
 
114 Sixth Connecticut 
 
 which were thence transferred through the confed 
 eracy, they became a great help to the rebel commis 
 sary. Gen. Butler was dispatched with about 6,500 
 men, assisted by Admiral Porter with 73 vessels, car 
 rying about 655 guns. The fleet was well armed, and 
 the land forces were in good condition for an assault. 
 The gun boats opened fire and cannonading was ter 
 rific. The forces landed and a feeble assault was 
 made. The troops pushed their skirmish line within 
 150 yards of the fort and captured a little outwork 
 called Flag Pond battery, with sixty-five men. Gen. 
 Butler conceived the idea that nothing short of a 
 regular siege could accomplish the result, and there 
 fore withdrew the army and returned to Hampton 
 Roads. Admiral Porter was dissatisfied with the re 
 sult. The President and Gen. Grant both believed 
 that our forces, if led by a competent commander, 
 could capture the works, and soon another advance 
 was contemplated, but this time under the gallant 
 Terry. The forces embarked with the addition of 
 1500 men and a siege train (which was not landed), 
 and moved down the James. Gen. Terry was un 
 aware of his destination till near Fortress Monroe, 
 when Gen. Grant came aboard and directed him to 
 take Fort Fisher by storm if he thought best ; if not, 
 by siege. 
 
 The expedition left Fortress Monroe, Jan. 6, 1865 : 
 put into Beaufort, N. C., on the 8th, and was detained 
 
Volunteer Infantry. uj 
 
 there by bad weather. On the i2th they arrived off 
 Fort Fisher and landed early in the morning under a 
 heavy fire from Porter s fleet. At three o clock about 
 8,000 troops, with marines, had landed, having three 
 days rations in their haversacks and about sixty 
 rounds of ammunition to each man. Intrenching 
 tools, munitions, &c., were landed in spite of the 
 heavy surf that rolled upon the beach. Gen. Terry s 
 first concern was to throw a strong defensive line 
 across the peninsula whereon Fort Fisher stands, so 
 as to isolate it from all support and enable him to 
 hold his ground against any force the rebels might 
 send down from Wilmington. Some little time was 
 spent in getting the troops in the right position. 
 The line advanced to within 600 yards of the fort, and 
 had determined upon an assault the next day (Jan. 14). 
 The iron-clads began their work of destruction, and 
 so true were their shots that ere long the gunners in 
 Fort Fisher were driven into their bomb-proofs, thus 
 silencing their guns. Meanwhile, about 2,000 sailors 
 and marines, armed with cutlasses, revolvers and 
 guns, had been detailed from the fleet and landed to 
 take their hand in the meditated assault. They had 
 worked their way up on the beach by digging ditches 
 for a cover, till they were within 200 yards of the 
 fort, and lay down anxiously awaiting the order to 
 charge. This order was given at a quarter past three. 
 The fleet was, of course, obliged to change the direc- 
 
Ii6 Sixth Connecticut 
 
 tion of their fire, so that our forces might not get the 
 shelling which was intended for the rebels. This 
 gave the enemy a chance again to work their guns, 
 and, seeing the marines and sailors advancing they 
 poured grape and shrapnel into their ranks fearfully, 
 while the musketry kept up a steady fire, mowing 
 them down with great slaughter ; and, although al 
 most annihilated, they pressed on, and some actually 
 gained the parapet. But the sailors assault was sig 
 nally repulsed and they were obliged to retire. The 
 brigades leading the assault in the other directions 
 were more successful, although for a time it seemed 
 almost impossible to stand up under such a withering 
 fire. The rebels met the charge with a prolonged 
 yell and a simultaneous fire. The division under 
 Gen. Ames, consisting of three brigades, rushed for 
 ward, and the fighting was at close quarters. The 
 rebel s fire told fearfully in the Union ranks, and men 
 were swept away in winrows. Yet on they pressed, 
 almost exhausted, when Gen. Terry sent for Abbott s 
 brigade, with the old Sixth and Seventh regiments. 
 They pressed the foe in close quarters, while they (the 
 rebels) relinquished foot by foot their possession. 
 Gen. Terry sprang to the head of the advancing col 
 umn, cheering the troops by his presence, and with 
 redoubled effort the whole line advanced with a yell 
 and the frightened rebels fell back in dismay, while 
 the Union forces invested the Fort, and victory was 
 
Volunteer Infantry. 
 
 ours. The Union cheers were by no means faint at 
 this achievement which had crowned their arms, and 
 Gen. Terry became the hero of the hour. 
 
 The capture of the stronghold was not effected 
 without severe loss to our forces. The gallant sailors 
 and marines suffered most, as their advance up the 
 beach was opposed with the deadliest fire. The loss 
 of the Sixth was small, considering the part they took 
 in the engagement. The rebels immediately surren 
 dered to Gen. Terry, numbering, all told, 2,083 men, 
 169 heavy guns, besides about 2,000 small arms, with 
 considerable ammunition and other stores. The 
 Union loss in this battle figured up to no killed and 
 536 wounded. A sad calamity happened the next 
 morning in the Fort. While some of the troops were 
 inspecting the chief magazine, it was supposed that 
 some loose powder lay on the floor which was ignited 
 by the shoes of the soldiers coming in contact. A 
 tremendous explosion followed, in which 200 of our 
 troops were instantly killed and about 100 more were 
 wounded. This sad event cast a gloom over the vic 
 torious army, as those brave men who had stood in 
 the fore-front of many a hard fought battle, and just 
 as victory had once more crowned their efforts, to be 
 thus suddenly hurried into eternity was indeed sick 
 ening. 
 
 By the capture of Fort Fisher the navy also cap 
 tured five blockade runners which were unable to get 
 
n8 Sixth Connecticut 
 
 away. Part of the enemy retreated across Cape Fear 
 river to Smithfield, but, fearing an advance of the 
 Union forces, they blew up their magazines, deserted 
 their works and fled toward Wilmington. The army 
 of the Union did not rest at this point, but imme 
 diately advanced to press the retreating rebels. The 
 Sixth pushed rapidly forward, skirmishing with the 
 rear guard, and on the 226. of February our forces 
 entered Wilmington in triumph, and drove the rebels 
 in confusion through the city. They fled in the great 
 est haste, scattering their blankets and knapsacks on 
 the way, but were so closely pursued by the Sixth 
 and other regiments that they had no chance to form 
 for battle till near the outskirts of the city, where they 
 determined to make one more stand. Although they 
 were stubborn, they were finally forced to yield and 
 made their escape across North East river. 
 
 The Sixth remained in the city of Wilmington one 
 night, when they were ordered across Cape Fear river 
 to Smithville, where their stay was also brief; they 
 soon returned to Wilmington again, where Captain 
 Buckbee of the Sixth was detailed as A. A. C. M., 
 and remained there some time. The Sixth only re 
 mained in Wilmington for a short time and was 
 thence transferred to Goldsboro, N. C., where they 
 spent the summer months engaged in patrol and 
 picket duties. The regiment was here when the 
 news came of the surrender of Lee s army, and great 
 
Volunteer Infantry. 
 
 rejoicing was indulged in by the men at the prospect 
 of the termination of the war. The Sixth was or 
 dered to Raleigh for muster out, and from thence went 
 to Petersburg and took cars for City Point, Va., 
 where they embarked for home, after nearly four years 
 of active service. 
 
 Lieut. Col. Daniel Klein arrived in New Haven 
 with the old Sixth on the 28th of July, 1865, where 
 they had an enthusiastic reception tendered them by 
 the citizens and military. Ex-Mayor Morris Tyler 
 addressed a welcome to the returned soldiers, which 
 was briefly responded to by Lieut. Col. Klein. The 
 final muster-out did not occur till the 2ist of August, 
 when the men were paid off and dismissed. 
 
 Thus was ended the organization of the Sixth, a 
 regiment who volunteered early in the war and re 
 mained till the close. All through the war for the 
 Union the upholders of the National Cause were 
 more or less exposed to extraordinary hardships and 
 sufferings because of the many densely wooded and 
 sparsely peopled regions over which they generally 
 marched and fought. All soldiers were more or less 
 acquainted with the marshy spots of ground that 
 served for a bed at night after a hard day s battle or 
 march, and but few arose in the morning without pain 
 racking some part of the body from the effects of such 
 exposure, and yet a large share survived the conflict 
 and returned home to their friends. 
 
I2O Sixth Connecticut 
 
 One of the most cheering thoughts experienced by 
 the soldier in the field was the fact that his friends at 
 home cherished and loved him, and proved their 
 affection by their prayers and sympathy ; and the let 
 ter sent from home containing perhaps but a few 
 words traced by the hand of affection, and the simple 
 wish expressed for his safe return, mingled with the 
 " God bless and keep you," did more to encourage 
 the soldier to endure the hardships and privations 
 than all the promotions that could be offered. He 
 could work better, struggle harder, and fight with a 
 purer zeal, if he could but realize that the prayers of 
 affection, sympathy and love went up to the great 
 Commander of the universe for his safety. The 
 members of the Sixth enjoyed the confidence of all the 
 corps and division commanders under whose leader 
 ship they were chanced to be placed, and in many 
 difficult and trying places the old regiment was called 
 upon to aid the enterprise. They always strove to 
 acquit themselves like men, and true soldiers of the 
 Union, never allowing a victory, however great, to 
 elate us too much, knowing full well the great sacri 
 fice of life it ofttimes cost to gain it ; nor would we 
 allow a defeat, however disastrous, to shake our faith 
 in the righteousness of the cause in which we were 
 engaged ; but, humbly trusting in Divine Providence 
 to lead the army to battle for the cause of liberty and 
 equality to all in our country. 
 
Volunteer Infantry. 121 
 
 We would not forget those who went forth at the 
 Nation s call, eager to do battle for the right and 
 to shield their loved ones against an invasion of the 
 foe. We would speak with reverence of those who 
 did not return with us from the field; heroes are they, 
 leaders on field and staff, leaders in line and rank, 
 they offered up their lives for the country s good. 
 They sealed their patriotism with their blood ; many 
 of them unknown to fame, fell amid the strife, not 
 with their names emblazoned high as great com 
 manders of the corps, yet they fill honored and pat 
 riotic graves, and the surviving members of the Sixth 
 cherish their memory. The dead of the Sixth sleep 
 in Washington, as well as in the sandy soil of the 
 Carolinas. The palmetto groves and the jungles of 
 Georgia, together with the river banks of Florida 
 and the soil of Virginia hold the ashes of those who 
 will ever be sacred to our memory. They have passed 
 from our sight; their mission has been accomplished, 
 and many long years will elapse ere we can forget 
 our departed heroes. We would offer a prayer for the 
 widow and the fatherless, that He would temper the 
 winds to the shorn lamb, and that His infinite good 
 ness may be round and about them in all their heart 
 sorrows and afflictions, and that they may be united 
 again in that better world when the Master shall call. 
 
122 Sixth Connecitci*, 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 The members of the Sixth always entertained and 
 cherished a feeling of deep friendship for one another, 
 and when we were discharged it seemed like break 
 ing up a household, so closely were our sympathies 
 united; and it was resolved to organize an association, 
 at no distant day, to perpetuate and keep alive those 
 friendly interests which united us so closely during 
 the dark days of the war. Therefore, pursuant to a 
 call, the members of the Sixth assembled at the old 
 State House in New Haven, on the i6th of May, 1868. 
 The meeting was called to order by Brigadier Gen 
 eral Alfred P. Rockwell, who stated that the object 
 of our assembling together was to keep alive and 
 fondly cherish the varied memories of the service, to 
 perpetuate the friendly relations established in the 
 jfield, and also to preserve a record of the regiment. 
 By a vote of the members present the following were 
 appointed to draft the articles of the Association : 
 
Volunteer Infantry. 123 
 
 Brig. Gen. ALFRED P. ROCKWELL, New Haven. 
 Lieut. RUDOLPH KOST, Bridgeport. 
 Sergeant ANDREW PAUL, Waterbury. 
 
 " GEORGE A. STAPLES, Bridgeport. 
 Com. Sergt. FRED. E. CALLENDER, New Britain. 
 
 The committee reported that the organization 
 should be called the "Association of the Sixth Regi 
 ment of Connecticut Volunteers," and the member 
 ship to consist of all honorably discharged soldiers 
 who had served with the Sixth. The officers of the 
 association were to consist of a President, ten Vice 
 Presidents (one from each company), a secretary, who 
 should also be Treasurer, and a Regimental Histo 
 rian. The President, Secretary and three Vice Presi 
 dents shall constitute the executive committee for 
 the transaction of business. The ballot was taken, 
 and the choice of officers for one year resulted as 
 follows : 
 
 For Pres., Sergt. GEO. A. STAPLES, Bridgeport. 
 For Sec. and Treas., AUGUSTUS F. BULL, New Haven. 
 For Historian, CHARLES K. CADWELL, " 
 
 The Vice Presidents were chosen, one from each 
 company, and the association voted that the Annual 
 Reunion be held on the second Wednesday of Sep 
 tember in each year, and the first Annual to be held 
 on Sept. 9, 1868, at Bridgeport, Conn. After the 
 
124 Sixth Connecticut 
 
 usual hand-shaking and congratulations, the associa 
 tion adjourned. 
 
 The association met in Bridgeport, according to 
 agreement, and enjoyed the hospitality of the soldiers 
 friends, and at this our first annual the soldiers were 
 extremely gratified to find so much interest taken in 
 these Reunions. Many who were unable to be pres 
 ent wrote us encouraging letters, and we voted that 
 these reunions should be maintained. On motion it 
 was voted that the regiment contribute towards a 
 proposed monument for our lamented Col. Chatfield, 
 that the regiment should give its pledge for $500, 
 and that a collection be taken at each of our reunions 
 for this object. Edwin L. Cook, of Waterbury, was 
 elected treasurer of the monument fund. 
 
 The second Annual of the regiment was held in 
 Stamford, Conn. On arriving at the depot we were 
 met by delegates of the resident members and took 
 carriages to Shippan Point, where we sat down to an 
 old-fashioned clam bake. 
 
 The third Annual was held again at Bridgeport, 
 where the loyal people of that patriotic town again 
 welcomed the old Sixth, and provided an abundant 
 repast. 
 
 The fourth Annual was held in New Britain, and a 
 splendid reception awaited us. A large part of the 
 houses were festooned with flags ; business was gen 
 erally suspended ; the regiment was welcomed by the 
 
Volunteer Infantry. 125 
 
 Mayor and invited to partake of the hospitalities of 
 the city. Our faithful Secretary came about 200 miles 
 to attend this reunion ; and, as business engagements 
 pressed upon him he felt obliged to tender his resig 
 nation. A hearty vote of thanks was given him for 
 his services, and his resignation reluctantly accepted. 
 Wm. F. Smith, of New Haven, was the unanimous 
 choice for the vacancy, and was duly elected. 
 
 Our fifth Annual was held in Waterbury, Conn., 
 the home of Col. Chatfield. Here, also, the regiment 
 met with a grand reception. At the depot the Chat- 
 field and Sedgwick Guards met and escorted us to 
 Chatfield Armory, where our business meeting was 
 held, after which the regiment sat down to a bountiful 
 dinner in the City Hall. In the afternoon the regi 
 ment marched to Riverside Cemetery, with the guards 
 and the Masonic fraternity, where the base of the 
 monument of Col. Chatfield was laid, under the au 
 spices of Clark Commandery, K. T. 
 
 The sixth Annual was held in New Haven, Conn. 
 The visiting comrades were met at the depot and es 
 corted to G. A. R. Hall, where the business meeting 
 was held, and then after a short march we proceeded 
 to Loomis Hall, where the comrades were made wel 
 come to the viands before them. A large and beau 
 tiful flag was here shown to the regiment, which had 
 been purchased with funds raised for that purpose 
 at our last Reunion. 
 
126 Sixth Connecticut 
 
 The seventh Annual was held at Bridgeport, Conn., 
 and the members proceeded to Sharpshooter s Park, 
 East Bridgeport, where they were finely entertained 
 by the resident members and the citizens. It is the 
 intention to hold these Reunions every year as long 
 as the members live, and to extend a cordial welcome 
 to all friends of the old Sixth to meet with us, have a 
 hearty hand-shake, revive old friendships, and per 
 petuate those fraternal feelings that so closely united 
 us on the field. 
 
ROSTER 
 
 OF THE 
 
 SIXTH REGIMENT, 
 
 Connecticut Volunteer Infantry. 
 
 ABBREVIATIONS. 
 
 Wd Wounded. 
 
 M. O Mustered Out. 
 
 Res., Resigned. 
 
 Re-en., Re-enlisted. 
 
 Disch., Discharged. 
 
 Tr., Transferred. 
 
 Dis Disabled. 
 
 Vet., Veteran. 
 
 Pro., Promoted. 
 
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ROLL OF HONOR. 
 
 Names. General Remarks. 
 
 ABBOTT, EDWIN H., Died in Service. 
 
 ABBOTT, WOOLSEY, Died in Prison. 
 
 ACKERMAN, CARL, Killed in Battle. 
 ALLEN, HENRY, " " " 
 
 ALLEN, LEWIS C. JR., CAPTAIN, Died in Service. 
 
 ATWATER, FRANKLIN J., Died of Wounds. 
 
 BABCOCK, ANSON E., Died in Service. 
 
 BODGE, GEORGE E., Killed in Battle. 
 BAKER, JOSEPH, " " " 
 
 BAKER, GEORGE H., Died in Service. 
 
 BALDWIN, BRUCE, Died of Wounds. 
 
 BALDWIN, HENRY M., Died in Service. 
 
 BARNES, SETH E., Died of Wounds. 
 
 BARNES, SETH J., Died in Service. 
 
 BARTLETT, HALSEY, Killed in Battle. 
 
 BARTON, GEORGE A., Died in Service. 
 
 BELCHMER, CHRISTOPHER, Killed in Battle. 
 BEMUS, HENRY, " " " 
 
 BENNETT, EDWARD, " " " 
 
 BETHKA, CHARLES, " " " 
 
222 
 
 Sixth Connecticut 
 
 BEYER, MARTIN, Killed in Battle. 
 
 BING, EDWARD J., Died in Service. 
 
 BLENEL, VALENTINE, Killed in Battle. 
 
 BOSWORTH, D. H., Died in Service. 
 
 BRADLEY, WM. T M ist LIEUT., Died of Wounds. 
 
 BRANDT, HENRY S., 
 
 BROOK, JABEZ C., Died in Service. 
 
 BROWN, WILLIAM H., Killed in Battle. 
 
 BRYSEN, FRANK, Died of Wounds. 
 
 BRYSEN, DAVID, JR., Died in Service. 
 
 BULKLEY, FREDERICK O., 
 
 BUTLER, JESSE, Killed in Battle. 
 
 BYXBEE, JOHN, Died in Service. 
 
 CHATFIELD, JOHN L., COLONEL, Died of Wounds. 
 
 COBBE, GEORGE W., Died in Service. 
 
 COOK, HENRY A., 
 
 COLLETT, ANATOLE, Killed in Battle. 
 
 COLLETT, JAMES, 
 
 CRUSINS, OSCAR, Died of Wounds. 
 
 COREY, WILLIAM H., Killed in Battle. 
 
 CONNELY, PATRICK, Died in Service. 
 
 DAVIS, LUTHER, 
 
 DAWLEY, JAMES, 
 
 DAY, JOHN W., 
 
 DEBOUGE, GUSTAVE, Killed in Battle. 
 
 DEARY, PATRICK, Died in Prison. 
 
 DELPT, HARRY, Killed in Battle. 
 
 DEWITT, WILLIAM, 
 
Volunteer Infantry. 
 
 223 
 
 DORMAN, HORACE, Died in Service. 
 
 DORMAN, ANDREW, 
 
 DOYLE, JAMES, Killed in Battle. 
 
 DRISCOLL, JOHN F., 
 
 DUPAY, JEROME, 
 
 DUBOIS, CHARLES, Died of Wounds. 
 
 EATON, HORATIO D., CAPTAIN, Killed in Battle. 
 
 FREEMAN, DANIEL, Died in Service. 
 
 FRISBEY, HENRY D., 
 
 GAGE, ROBERT B., Killed in Battle. 
 
 GANGLOFF, CHARLES, 
 
 GERRISH, HENRY G., CAPTAIN, Died in Service. 
 
 GIBBONS, THEODORE, 
 
 GINDER, BALTHASER, 
 
 GILBERT, JAMES H., 
 
 GLISSMAN, WILLIAM, Killed in Battle. 
 
 GOB, CHARLES, 
 
 GRISWOLD, EUGENE W., 
 
 GROGAN, CHARLES H., Died of Wounds. 
 
 GUSSMAN, WILLIAM, 
 
 HALLER, MARTIN, Died of Wounds. 
 
 HAMMOND, CLOVIS E., ist LIEUT., 
 
 HART, WILLIS A., Died in Service. 
 
 HAYWARD, NAHUM L., 
 
 HAUSSERMAN, MICHAEL, 
 
 HENNINGER, GEORGE, Killed in Battle. 
 
 HESSE, AUGUSTUS, 
 
 HESSERICK. EMIL, Died in Service. 
 
224 
 
 Sixth Connecticut 
 
 HEYNE, PAUL, Killed in Battle. 
 
 HICKOX, EDWIN J., Died in Service. 
 
 HILL, CHARLES T., 
 
 HILL, WARREN F., 
 
 HILLS, SEBURY D., " Prison. 
 
 HOAR, DELBERT, Killed in Battle. 
 
 HODGE, HORACE, Died in Service. 
 
 HOLLER, MARTIN, Died of Wounds. 
 
 HOYT, HENRY W., 
 
 INGALLS, DEXTER W., 
 
 JONES, IRA D., 
 
 JONES, JOSEPH, 
 
 JOHNSON, WILLIAM H., 2d LIEUT., 
 
 JOHNSON, THOMAS, Killed in Battle, 
 
 KREITLING, ALBERT, Died in Service. 
 
 KEITH, CHARLES S., Killed in Battle. 
 
 KELTERER, GEORGE, Died in Prison. 
 
 KIMBERLY, HENRY, Killed in Battle. 
 
 KIRSTEN, CHARLES, Died of Wounds. 
 
 LACEY, WILLIAM S., Died in Service. 
 
 LANERGHAM, LANKE H., Killed in Battle. 
 
 LAWRENCE, JOSEPH C., Died in Service. 
 
 LINTON, JAMES, Killed in Battle. 
 
 LOMBERTI, CHARLES, Died of Wounds. 
 
 MACK, FRANK, Died in Service. 
 
 MALONE, JAMES, Killed in Battle. 
 
 MATTHEWS, DANIEL, 
 
 MAYER, JACOB, Died in Service. 
 
Volunteer Infantry. 
 
 225 
 
 MASCHMEYER, EDWARD, 
 MASCHMEYER, WILLIAM, 
 MESSIER, CHARLES, 
 McCHINE, HUGH, JR., 
 McKENZIE, PATRICK, 
 McKINNEY, JAMES, 
 McINRO, THOMAS, 
 MILLARD, THERON, 
 MILNER, WILLIAM, 
 MORRIS, THEODORE, 
 MOREHOUSE, WM. A., 
 MOSES, HENRY, 
 O CONNER, THOMAS, 
 OSTMAN, WILLARD, 
 PALMER, DAVID C., 
 PECK, ROBERT C., 
 PECK, JOHN W., 
 PEET, GEORGE B., 
 PERKINS, WILLIAM W., 
 PHALEN, TIMOTHY A., 
 PHILLIPS, ALONZO, 
 PHILLIPS, THEODORE, 
 PICKER, PATSEY, 
 PUFFER, REUBEN S., 
 QUINN, JAMES, 
 RAY, JAMES, 
 RECOIR, JOHN H., 
 RECOIR, PHILLIP H., 
 
 Died in Service. 
 
 Killed in Battle. 
 Died of Wounds. 
 Died in Service. 
 Killed in Battle. 
 Died in Service. 
 
 Killed in Battle. 
 Died in Service. 
 Killed in Battle. 
 Died in Service. 
 
 Wd. and died in Prison, 
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 Died of Wounds. 
 " in Service. 
 
 " of Wounds. 
 
 
 Died in Service. 
 Killed in Battle. 
 Died in Service. 
 Died of Wounds. 
 Died in Service. 
 
226 
 
 Sixth Connecticut 
 
 REED, WILLIAM, 
 REEVES, WILLIAM M., 
 RILEY, CHARLES, 
 RINGE, HENRY, 
 ROBBINS, RALPH G., 
 ROBINSON, THEODORE T., 
 ROGERS, EDMOND, 
 ROOT, CALEB B., 
 ROYCE, CHARLES B. 
 SAGE, ELISHA, 
 SCHMIDT, GUSTAVE, 
 SCHOFIELD, THEODORE C., 
 SCHOFIELD, WILLIAM, 
 SHULTZ, WILLIAM, 
 SEELEY, JOHN, 
 SHAW, JOSEPH L., 
 SHEPARD, DAVID G., 
 SMITH, OSCAR L., 
 SOBY, WILLIAM, 
 SPENCER, EDWIN W., 
 STAGEY, ALBERT, 
 STARK, MICHAEL, 
 STEVENS, S. S., 2d LIEUT., 
 STINELL, HERMAN, 
 SOUTHERGILL, GEORGE, 
 TAYLOR, E. B., 
 TAYLOR, THOMAS, 
 TALMADGE, FRED. A., 
 
 Died of Wounds. 
 Killed in Battle. 
 Died in Service. 
 Killed in Battle. 
 Died in Service. 
 
 Killed in Battle. 
 Died in Service. 
 Killed in Battle. 
 Died in Service. 
 Died of Wounds. 
 Died in Service. 
 
 Killed in Battle. 
 Died in Service. 
 Killed in Battle. 
 Died of Wounds. 
 
 Killed in Battle. 
 
 
 Died of Wounds. 
 Died in Service. 
 
Volunteer Infantry. 227 
 
 TOUSLEY, ARTEMUS, Died of Wounds. 
 
 TRACY, THOMAS E., Died in Service. 
 
 TSCHUMME, CONRAD, JR., 
 
 VAILLE, JOHN R., 
 
 VOLKMAN, FERDINAND, 
 
 WARNER, GEORGE, Died of Wounds. 
 
 WATERMIRE, FREDERICK, Died in Service. 
 
 WATERS, HENRY W., 
 
 WHITE, FRANK, Killed in Battle. 
 
 WEEKS, ALPHONSO, Died in Service. 
 
 WILLIAMS, JOHN, 
 
 WILCOX, JAY P., CAPTAIN. Killed in Battle. 
 
 WIND, GEORGE A., Died in Service. 
 
 WOODFORD, EDGAR M., 
 
 WOODS, JOHN, Killed in Battle. 
 
 WOOSTER, JOSEPH A., JR., Died of Wounds. 
 
 NOTE. No account is rendered of those returned as "Missing," 
 and "Supposed KvHed." 
 
CASUALTIES OF THE SIXTH. 
 
 Killed in Action, ...... 43 
 
 Died of Wounds, ..... 46 
 
 Died of Disease, ...... 119 
 
 Discharged prior to muster out of Regiment, . 666 
 
 Missing at date of muster out of Regiment. . .23 
 
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY 
 BERKELEY 
 
 Return to desk from which borrowed. 
 This book is DUE on the last date stamped below. 
 
 JUN 8 f 1952 
 
 INTER-LIBRARY 
 
 jun23 52HN ! 
 
 AUG21 19755 
 
 ret cm. 
 
 FFB 2 1997 
 
 0. C. BERKELEY 
 
 LOAN 
 
 LD 21-95m-ll, 50(2877sl6)476 
 
YB 44905 
 
 M205562 
 
 
 C 3 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY