THE HISTORY 
 
 OF THE 
 
 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT 
 
 NEW YORK STATE VOLUNTEERS, 
 
 IN TT WAR FOR THE UNION. 
 
 1861-1865. 
 
 BY 
 
 ABRAHAM J. PALMER, D.D. 
 
 (FORMERLY PRIVATE. COMPANY D.) 
 
 Illustrated. 
 
 " Dulce et decorum est pro pair la inori." HORACE. 
 
 PUBLISHED BY THE VETERAN ASSOCIATION OF THE REGIMENT. 
 BROOKLYN, N. Y. 
 
 1885. 
 
 FOR SALE BY 
 
 CHARLES T. DILLINGHAM, 
 
 678 BROADWAY, NEW YORK. 
 
Copyright, 1885, 
 By A. J. PALMER, 
 
TO THE 
 
 SONS AND DAUGHTERS 
 
 OF THE MEN WHO COMPOSED THE 
 
 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT NEW YORK STATE VOLUNTEERS, 
 
 THIS RECORD 
 OF THEIR FATHERS ACHIEVEMENTS " IN TIMES THAT TRIED MEN S SOULS," 
 
 IS AFFECTIONATELY INSCRIBED, 
 
 WITH THE HOPE THAT THEY MAY LOVE THEIR COUNTRY BETTER 
 
 FOR KNOWING WHAT HER FREEDOM AND 
 
 INTEGRITY HAVE COST. 
 
 M167274 
 
A PREFATORY LETTER. 
 
 To MY COMRADES : 
 
 The most Drifted of modern women has written that. " If 
 
 o 
 
 you would love a woman without ever looking back upon 
 your love as a folly, she must die while you are courting 
 her; and if you would maintain the slightest belief in 
 human heroism, you must never make a pilgrimage to see 
 the hero." 
 
 I hope that in all your homes that double sarcasm is 
 doubly contradicted. This book which is the poor record 
 of your heroic deeds has been written chiefly that your 
 children, who daily see the hero," may know his history, 
 and when they can no longer see you, that they may still 
 possess the story of your most glorious years. 
 
 Three years ago, when I was requested to become the 
 historian of the regiment, I consented conditionally that 
 some one should be procured to write the historical sketch, 
 while I would edit the book and see it through the press. 
 For a while it seemed that we had succeeded in procuring 
 the very services we needed from an officer who had been 
 with the regiment through most of its career. But vexa 
 tious delays occurred, and finally, to our great disappoint 
 ment, an entire miscarriage. Nothing remained but the 
 abandonment of the enterprise which all lamented or my 
 assuming the task. With great reluctance I therefore under 
 took it. 
 
 I had but little time to give to it, and moreover I felt 
 myself disqualified by the subordinate position I had held 
 in the regiment to write its history. " Privates" were not 
 
VI A PREFATORY LETTER, 
 
 always informed of the real object of every movement, and 
 the surmises of " the men" were doubtless often incorrect. 
 Moreover, so many years had passed, the survivors of the 
 regiment were so far scattered, and such meagre data came 
 in response to repeated appeals, that the work has been 
 difficult. 
 
 Certain rhetorical infelicities may be accounted for by the 
 fact that I have employed an amanuensis and written by 
 dictation a mode of composition to which I was unaccus 
 tomed. However, I have cared less for that than for many 
 omissions which have been unavoidable and which all will 
 lament, and for certain inaccuracies which I fear have crept 
 into the narrative despite the greatest care. Nevertheless 
 it will not be safe to trust one s own memory even against 
 this record. A prominent field-officer of the regiment read 
 this history in manuscript, and noted twelve " inaccuracies," 
 in every one of which he proved to be mistaken. Twenty 
 years have made our memories less reliable than we think. 
 
 Great care has been taken with the " Roster and Record;" 
 yet there are doubtless many errors, and to some may 
 have come the sorriest fate of a soldier " to be killed in 
 battle and have his name spelled wrong in the Gazette." 
 
 In the company sketches there is some disparity in the 
 space given the several companies : that, however, is be 
 cause the various contributors have not written equally ex 
 tended narratives. This I greatly regret ; but no partiality 
 has been shown. I found it impossible to get sketches of 
 four companies from former members of them, and was 
 therefore compelled to call upon others to prepare them. 
 
 It was desired to have a picture of one of the companies 
 in Fort Pulaski. The artist happened to send the negative 
 of Company E. If the means had warranted it, the pic 
 tures of all the companies would have been printed. 
 
 There is one thing that will be noticed, for which I ask 
 especial consideration. I refer to the mention of certain 
 personal friends (private soldiers like myself), when, as the 
 narrative has progressed, circumstances have recalled them 
 
A PREFATORY LETTER. Vll 
 
 to my mind. I know that their rank in the regiment would 
 not warrant this writing of their names while many who 
 were their military superiors are unmentioned. But when I 
 have been describing a scene chiefly memorable to me be 
 cause of a personal friend in my own company who was 
 there shot dead by my side, I could not forbear to write 
 down his name in loving memory of it, although he was but 
 a private soldier whom few will remember. It is not that I 
 have designed to exalt the private soldier above his officer, 
 nor my friends above the friends of others, nor to call especial 
 attention to the company to which I happened to belong. 
 
 I have not wished to claim for the regiment more than its 
 fair share of the glory of the battles in which it participated. 
 I have sought to be generous and just to all ; however, this 
 book does not pretend to contain the history of any regi 
 ment except that of the Forty-eighth New York. 
 
 There is doubtless some disproportion in the accounts of 
 the great battles in which we were engaged. The descrip 
 tions of the assaults on Morris Island and Fort Wagner are 
 more extended than any others. Olustee and Cold Harbor 
 were fought while I was absent in rebel prisons, and Fort 
 Fisher after the expiration of my term of service. Con 
 cerning them I have been compelled to rely upon the rep 
 resentation of others. That should be considered if those 
 three great battles are not proportionately described ; but 
 it has always seemed to me that the career of the Forty- 
 eighth Regiment reached, in some sense, its climax in the 
 darkness on the banks of Fort Wagner ; therefore the ex 
 tended space which has been devoted to that battle. 
 
 The statement on page 183, of the extremely small num 
 ber of men present with the regiment within Fort Fisher, 
 will occasion surprise; yet it is based upon the authority of 
 two reliable diaries, and it makes the prominent part taken 
 by the regiment in the engagement consistent with its slight 
 casualties. It will be noticed also that three weeks after 
 wards the regiment was greatly reinforced. 
 
 While this book has been passing through the press our 
 
Vlil A PREFATORY LETTER. 
 
 illustrious commander, General ULYSSES S. GRANT, has 
 fought his last battle, and put his last enemy where, long- 
 before, he had put all others, " underneath his feet." It is 
 a noticeable fact that the U. S. Grant Post, G. A. R., of 
 Brooklyn, to which a number of our comrades belong, should 
 have had the distinguished honor of guarding his remains 
 at Mount McGregor, Albany, and New York. Comrades 
 Brush, Corwin, Frankenberg, Mackellar, Powles, Raymond, 
 and Whitson were among those detailed for that solemn 
 and august duty. 
 
 The long delays in the publication of this history, which 
 must have tried your patience, have been unavoidable. For 
 the first two years they have already been explained ; finan 
 cial embarrassments will account for the last year. The 
 MS. of this book has been ready for the printer for more 
 than a year. 
 
 There are certain comrades and others to whom I wish to 
 make especial acknowledgments of services which they have 
 rendered to the history: first and chiefly to James A. Bar 
 rett and William J. Carlton ; if their names recur frequently 
 in the book, it is because they have been constantly active 
 during its preparation. Major Barrett has been indefatiga 
 ble in securing subscriptions and given much time to pre 
 paring the Roster and Record, besides conducting a large 
 correspondence. Indeed without him this history would 
 never have been published. Captain Carlton has also given 
 much work to the Roster and Record, and has prepared 
 the valuable tabulations at its close ; he has procured the 
 illustrations, and had the chief charge of printing and bind 
 ing the book. His judgment and experience have been 
 greatly relied on throughout the entire work. I acknowl 
 edge gratefully their gratuitous contributions of valuable 
 time and labor that this undertaking might succeed. 
 
 George B. Staley has been the treasurer of the fund for 
 the History, and his fidelity and care of the finances deserve 
 a grateful recognition. 
 
 Captain D. C. Knowles has made most valuable contribu- 
 
A PREFATORY LETTER IX 
 
 tions, as will appear upon their perusal. The various officers 
 of the Veteran Association have helped the good work on 
 by active sympathy and counsel. 
 
 Many comrades have loaned their diaries and letters, and 
 contributed items of interest, and others have generously 
 advanced money to make the publication of the book pos 
 sible. 
 
 Although the entire work has been done gratuitously, the 
 cost of publishing this history has been nearly one thousand 
 dollars. It is not supposed that the sales will more than 
 meet the expenses. If, however, there should be a sur 
 plus, it will be turned into the treasury of the Veteran 
 Association. 
 
 Among those who have helped by loans of money and 
 large subscriptions are : Lieutenant-Colonel D. W. Strickland, 
 Captain George W. Brush, Lieutenant R. F. Mackellar, 
 Major Barrett, Quartermaster Avery, and Comrades Fletcher, 
 Carlton, Doering, Holton, Hale, Knowles, Marten, Newman, 
 Pugsley, Schultz, Stayley, Stoney, Shannon, Twamley, 
 Tuttle, Wyckoff, and Mr. Benjamin Silliman of the Long 
 Island Historical Society. 
 
 Among those who have loaned their diaries and other 
 memoranda, I wish especially to mention Messrs. Acker, 
 Conklin, Fagans, Frankenberg, Hibson, Cummings, Towns- 
 end, Thompson, Wohlfarth, Mrs. Luther B. Wyman, and 
 Mr. Charles Cowley. 
 
 General Viele and Colonel Barton have aided with valu 
 able suggestions. Senator George F. Hoar has kindly sent 
 us a copy of the official list of casualties during the war. 
 We are indebted to Henry W. Phillips for a loan of the 
 History of the One Hundred and Fifteenth New York, and 
 for a like favor to Lieutenant-Colonel Isaiah Price, author 
 of the History of the Ninety-seventh Pennsylvania, which 
 has been especially valuable. 
 
 Acknowledgments also should be made to the publishers 
 of Lossing s History of the Civil War, from which many of 
 the illustrations are taken, and to Mr. H. P. Moore of Con- 
 
X A PREFATORY LETTER. 
 
 cord, N. H., who has given us the use of his negatives for 
 the three pictures taken at Fort Pulaski. 
 
 The sister of Colonel Coan has furnished his portrait, and 
 Colonel Barton his. Finally, to all the people who have 
 wished us well and helped us as they were able, we gladly 
 make acknowledgments. 
 
 And now this book, which has been to me a labor of love 
 for the past three years, in writing which I have lived over 
 again many of the experiences herein described, I send 
 forth to the limited company of readers who will peruse its 
 pages, not without consciousness of its imperfections ; and 
 I send with it greetings to all my comrades who may wel 
 come it, to their children who may treasure it, and to those 
 dear people, unknown to me, who shall read with tears the 
 record of this Forty-eighth New York, because of their 
 loved ones who marched away with us four-and-twenty years 
 ago but did not come back. To all who will care for it, I 
 send it forth with the hope that it may serve, in some sense, 
 to bind us all together into a loyal brotherhood of patriotic 
 men who possess in common many glorious memories, and 
 this one virtue: when our country, in her hour of peril, 
 called us, we did not refuse to answer, nor send " substi 
 tutes," nor wait till we were bribed by bounty or coerced by 
 conscription, but volunteered for her defence. 
 
 Whoever is also conscious that he did his duty faithfully, 
 will find in that his best and lasting reward. 
 
 A. J. PALMER. 
 
 BROOKLYN, November, 1885. 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 I AGE 
 
 Organization July 24 to September 16, 1861 i 
 
 Colonel James. H. Perry Letter of Rev. J. B. Merwin " Perry s Saints" 
 Camp Wyman, Fort Hamilton, July 24, 1861 Visit of Inspection by Governor 
 E. D. Morg-an and Staff The Fete Champetre -Colonel Perry s Horse Letter 
 from Dr. L. H. King September 17, 1861, leave Fort Hamilton for the Front 
 The Field and Staff, and Commanders of Companies. 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 To the Front September 17 to December 31, 1861 10 
 
 Leave Fort Hamilton Through New Jersey Supper at Philadelphia- 
 Through Baltimore At Washington At Annapolis The Forty-seventh New 
 York Flag Presentation Last Sermon of Colonel Perry October 18, embarked 
 on Steamer Empire City At Hampton Roads Organization of the Expedition 
 ary Corps October 29, the Expedition sails The Fleet Sealed Orders The 
 Storm at Sea Off Port Royal November 7th, the Battle of Port Royal Landing 
 at Hilton Head In Camp Contrabands Brigadier-General Viele Lady 
 Nurses Drill "Jeff" Sickness End of the year 1861. 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 Port Royal Ferry to Fort Pulaski January i to May 31, 1862 24 
 
 Expedition to Port Royal Ferry Report of Colonel Perry Back to Camp- 
 Flags presented Captain Ward resigns Private Reilly and the Bombshell- 
 Captain Q. A. Gillmore January 25, leave Hilton Head Wreck of the Winfield 
 Scott Dawfuskie Island Our Camp revisited in 1884 Major Beard History 
 of the Locality Batteries " Vulcan" and " Hamilton" on Jones and Bird s 
 Islands Narrative of Captain Knowles The " Cold Chisel " Brigade Captain 
 Gillmore on Tybee Island General Hunter succeeds General T. W. Sherman 
 April 10, Bombardment of Fort Pulaski Capitulation Rattlesnakes The Goat 
 News from the North General Grant at Shiloh The Sutler May 25, leave 
 Dawfuskie Island for Fort Pulaski. 
 
Xll CONTENTS. 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 PACK 
 
 Fort Pulaski June i, 1862, to May 31, 1863 41 
 
 The Fort In Garrison Fatigue Duty Quarters in the Casemates The Fort 
 revisited in 1884 Drill Wreck of the Sutler s Schooner Death of Colonel 
 Perry Colonel Barton succeeds to the Command Captain Knowles resigns 
 Expedition to Bluffton General Mitchel succeeds General Hunter Visit and 
 Address from General Mitchel His Death Chaplain Strickland Pocotaligoand 
 Coosawhatchie Coosawhatchie revisited Report of Colonel Barton--Sports 
 at Fort Pulaski The Theatre The Barton Dramatic Association"" Talking 
 in the Ranks" Order of Major Beard Thanksgiving Day, 1862 Lieutenant- 
 Colonel Beard resigns Chaplain Strickland resigns Flags of Truce Colored 
 Regiments Lieutenant Corvvin promoted Capture of Steamer General Lee 
 Tybee A Mammoth Sea-turtle The Blockade-runner Lndona Life in the 
 Fort The Ladies The Musicians. 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 Morris Island June i to July 17, 1863 70 
 
 General Gillmore succeeds General Hunter The Department of the South 
 Operations against Charleston Admiral Dahlgren succeeds Admiral Dupont 
 General George C. Strong The " Fighting Brigade" June 19, leave Fort 
 Pulaski Companies G and I remain At St. Helena Island Folly Island 
 Batteries The Flotilla Lighthouse Inlet July 10, the Assault on Morris Island 
 Death of Captain Lent The Run up the Beach The Fatal Halt Casualties- 
 July ii, Assault on Fort Wagner by Seventh Connecticut, Ninth Maine, and 
 Seventy-sixth Pennsylvania Their Repulse Confederate Accounts of it 
 Building Batteries A Confederate Sortie Companies C and D in the Trenches 
 Lieutenant Tantum and the Rebel Wilgus. 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 Fort Wagner July 18, 1863 95 
 
 "Battery" Wagner Location Construction The Model at West Point 
 The Union Fleet The Bombardment The Confederate Garrison Account of 
 the Confederate General Taliaferro Strong s "Fighting Brigade" Putnam s 
 and Stephenson s Brigades in Support The Three Assaults Charge of the 
 Fifty-fourth Massachusetts Their Repulse Death of Colonel Shaw Charge 
 of Strong s Brigade The Sixth Connecticut and Forty-eighth New York in 
 Advance- Terrible Slaughter Capture of the Southeast Bastion Confederate 
 Account Losses General Strong mortally wounded Charge of Putnam s 
 Brigade in Support Its Failure Lieutenant-Colonel Green killed Colonel 
 Barton wounded Captains Farreli and Hurst killed Lieutenant Edwards 
 killed Captain Paxson and Lieutenant Fox mortally wounded The Defence 
 of the Captured Bastion till Midnight The Mistaken Volley from the Rear 
 A Costly Blunder Calls for Reinforcements Why they never came" Holding 
 the Fort" Heroic " Privates" The Midnight Surrender Account of Charles 
 Cowley Account of Confederate General Taliaferro "The Assailants As 
 sailed" "Die-no-mores, follow me" Experiences of Private Conklin Blun 
 ders Medals Fate of the Prisoners Fort Wagner twice revisited Its Final 
 Capture. . 
 
CONTENTS. XI 11 
 
 CHAPTER VII. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Olustee July 19, 1863, to April 22, 1864 128 
 
 After Port Wagner July 22, leave Morris Island Hilton Head -St. Augus 
 tine, Fla. Beaufort, S. C. Recruits, and Return of Wounded Men Re-enlist 
 ment of Veterans Festivities at the Holidays" Les Enfans Perdu" February 
 5, 1864, embark for the Expedition to Olustee General Seymour advances 
 February 20, the Battle Barton s Brigade Losses The Retreat The Enemy 
 Story of Sergeant Lang Lieutenant Keenan killed March 9, Palatka, Fla. 
 Return of the " Veterans" Farewell to the Department of the South April 20, 
 sail from Port Roval. 
 
 CHAPTER VIII. 
 Army of the James April 23 to December 31, 1864 140 
 
 Gloucester Point, Va. The Tenth Army Corps Grant Butler Gillmore 
 Turner Barton Strickland Review of the Army of the James May 5, Ber 
 muda Hundred" Gillmore s Rifles" May 7, Battle of Chester Heights May 12, 
 Fort Darling May 16. Drury s Bluff The Battle in a Fog Losses Death of 
 Captain Moser Butler " bottled up May 28, leave Bermuda Hundred for 
 Cold Harbor The Army of the Potomac Back from Prison June i to 13, Battle 
 of Cold Harbor A Gallant Charge Colonel Barton wounded Loss of the 
 Colors Porch Casualties In the Rifle-pits Grant s Change of Base Covering 
 the "Retreat" Back to Bermuda Hundred President Lincoln Petersburg 
 Change of Corps Commanders Gillmore Brooks Birney Barton s Brigade 
 June 30, an Assault ordered Barton s Caution Picket Duty Duty in the 
 Trenches July 30, the Mine The Explosion The Assault The Repulse 
 Colored Soldiers again A Fatal Delay Death of Major Swamrout Back to 
 Bermuda Hundred Deep Bottom Strawberry Plains August 16. Death of 
 Lieutenants Tantum and Sayres Death of Captain D Arcy Back to Petersburg 
 Home after Three Years Charge at New Market Heights Fort Gilman 
 Death of General Birney General Terry Chapin s F"arm - Winter (Quarters 
 General Barton resigns The Twenty-fourth Corps General Ord. 
 
 CHAPTER IX. 
 Fort Fisher to the End January i to September 12, 1865 174 
 
 First Expedition against Fort Fisher Failure Back to Chapin s Farm 
 General Butler removed from his Command General Ord succeeds him The 
 Second Expedition January 13, on Land January 15. the Assault Penny- 
 packer s Brigade Colonel Coan wounded The Victory The Race with the 
 Colors The Roll-call in Fort Fisher Death of Captain Dunn Tribute of 
 Admiral Porter Letter of Secretary Stanton The Advance towards Wilming 
 ton Capture of Fort Anderson The End approaching General Schofield 
 The Twenty-third Army Corps February 21. Battle of Wilmington Major 
 Elfwing Wounded Rescue of Union Prisoners Their Sufferings March 15, 
 leave Wilmington for Goldsboro Sherman s Army Richmond taken Ap- 
 pomattox April 10, Raleigh Death of President Lincoln Surrender of John 
 ston The-End September 3, Home September 12, Mustered OutThe Career 
 of the Regiment Chaplain Taylor Chaplain Strickland Surgeon Mulford 
 Colonel Win. B. Coan. 
 
XIV CONTENTS., 
 
 CHAPTER X. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Sketches of the Companies 200 
 
 CHAPTER XI. 
 After Twenty Years April 21, 1881 218 
 
 Presentation of the Battle-flags of the Forty-eighth Regiment to the Long 
 Island Historical Society The Reunion Collation The Meeting in the Hall 
 Programme Salutation by " Private" Palmer Prayer by Chaplain Strickland 
 Sergeant Sparks and Corporal McKie Bearing the Old Flags Address of Captain 
 Knowles Address of Rev. Dr. R. S. Storrs Greeting General Gillmore The 
 Forty-eighth New York Veteran Association. 
 
 ROSTER AND RECORD. 
 
 Field and Staff 247 
 
 Non-Commissioned Staff 248 
 
 Company A 249 
 
 Company B 255 
 
 Company C 261 
 
 Company D 268 
 
 Company E 275 
 
 Company F 282 
 
 Company G 289, 
 
 Company H 296 
 
 Company I . 302 
 
 Company K 308 
 
 Band 314 
 
 TABLE OF CASUALTIES 315 
 
 GENERAL STATISTICS 316 
 
ILLUSTRATIONS. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 The 48th Regiment N. Y. S. Vols. at Fort Pulaski, Ga Frontispiece 
 
 Colonel James H. Perry, 48th Regiment N. Y. S. Vols opposite 3 
 
 Union Refreshment Saloon, Philadelphia 1 1 
 
 Fort Walker 17 
 
 Fort Beauregard 17 
 
 Plan of Battle of Port Royal 18 
 
 Admiral Dupont. . . 19 
 
 Map of Sea Islands. 20 
 
 Drayton s Mansion 21 
 
 Pope s House 21 
 
 Fort Pulaski and its Environs 29 
 
 General David Hunter 36 
 
 Breach in Fort Pulaski 37 
 
 Fort Pulaski 42 
 
 A Company of the 48th Regiment N. Y. S. Vols. at Fort Pulaski. opposite 43 
 
 Monument to Colonel Perry 44 
 
 Headquarters of Generals Hunter and Mitchel 46 
 
 General Mitchel 48 
 
 The Planter 51 
 
 Officers of the 48th Regiment N. Y. S. Vols. at Fort Pulaski opposite 65 
 
 Martello Tower, Tybee Island 66 
 
 General Gillmore 71 
 
 Admiral Dahlgren 72 
 
 Obstructions in Charleston Harbor 73 
 
 General Strong 77 
 
 Siege of Charleston 79 
 
 Bomb and Splinter Proof 80 
 
 Beacon House, Morris Island 85 
 
 Fort Wagner at Point of First Assault 103 
 
XV 1 IL L US TRA 7 IONS. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Fort Wagner Sea-face Bastion, Point of Second and Third Assaults. . 105 
 
 Fort Sumter after the Bombardment 124 
 
 Swamp Angel 127 
 
 Live Oaks in Florida 138 
 
 General Grant 141 
 
 Butler s Lines at Bermuda Hundred 1 43 
 
 Position at Cold Harbor 1 50 
 
 Defences of Richmond and Petersburg 157 
 
 Fort Steadman 158 
 
 Grant s Headquarters at City Point 164 
 
 Pontoon Bridge at Jones Landing on James River 165 
 
 Bullet-proof in the Woods 167 
 
 Army Huts at Chapin s Farm 171 
 
 Colonel William B. Barton, 481)1 Regiment X. V. S. Yols opposite 172 
 
 Land and Sea Front of Fort Fisher 175 
 
 Mound Battery at Fort Fisher 178 
 
 Interior of Fort Fisher. 180 
 
 Pickets 188 
 
 Army Signal Telegraph 190 
 
 McLean House, Place of Lee s Surrender 191 
 
 Place of Johnston s Surrender 192 
 
 Colonel William B. Coan, 48th Regiment N. Y. S. Yols opposite 198 
 
 ERRATA. 
 
 Page 36, (jth line, read Totten for Potter 
 
 " 45, 32d " " Company B for C 
 
 " 67, 7th " " Ladona/>r Sadowa 
 
 " 121, I3th " " Crammer for Cranmer 
 
 151, I3th Ingraham for Ingham 
 
 " 152, last " " one for five 
 
 " 153, first " " five for four, and forty-three for eighty 
 
 " 167, first " " two for one, and forty for three 
 
 " 167, second " " twenty-five for fifty 
 
 " 169, loth " " 2Sth/oriSth 
 
FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, 
 
 NEW YORK STATE VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 Organization July 24 to September 16, 1861. 
 
 Colonel James H. Perry Letter of Rev. J., B. Merwin "Perry s Saints" 
 Camp Wyman, Fort Hamilton, July 24, 1861 Visit of Inspection 
 by Governor E. D. Morgan and Staff The Fet^ Champetre Colonel 
 Perry s Horse Letter from Dr. L. H. King Sept. 17, 1861 Leave 
 Fort Hamilton for the Front The Field and Staff, and Commanders of 
 Companies. 
 
 HHE precise origin of the regiment, which was first 
 known as the " Continental Guard," but after the 
 date of its muster, as the FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT NEW 
 YORK STATE VOLUNTEERS, is difficult to determine. Lieu 
 tenant-Colonel Barton and Quartermaster Avery deserve 
 perhaps the credit of the very first thought. In the spring 
 of 1861, on President Lincoln s calling for seventy-five thou 
 sand men, these two young men started to raise at least 
 a company of a hundred men in Brooklyn. They rented a 
 room in old Montague Hall, on Court Street, and advertised 
 for recruits. Soon they had more responses than sufficed 
 for a company, and with a fine courage they determined to 
 raise a full regiment. 
 
 In response to such an announcement they received let 
 ters from some of the future officers of the Forty-eighth, 
 saying, "We have a number of men on hand ready to join 
 a good regiment : who is to command it?" 
 
FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 That was a question they found it necessary to decide at 
 once. At that time it was announced in Brooklyn that the 
 Rev. Dr. James H. Perry, pastor of the Pacific Street 
 Methodist Episcopal Church, a clergyman well and widely 
 known throughout the city, had determined to tender his 
 sword to the Government, for service in its defence. In the 
 public Conference he had declared that as he had been edu 
 cated at the expense of his country at West Point, he felt 
 that she had a claim upon him for any service he could ren 
 der her in her hour of peril. It was a happy thought of 
 Messrs. Barton and Avery to tender to Dr. Perry the com 
 mand of the regiment they had started to raise. They re 
 ceived promptly the following answer: "I have given the 
 matter careful consideration. Our country needs help; 
 there are dark and serious days before it, and this rebellion 
 must be crushed. If you think you can raise the number of 
 men requisite for the formation of a regiment, and will at 
 tend to the detail work of recruiting, . . . you can use my 
 name as Colonel." 
 
 These seem to have been the circumstances of the origin 
 of the brave and heroic company of Union soldiers which 
 became known in history as the Forty-eighth New York. 
 The names of Lieutenant-Colonel William B. Barton, Quar 
 termaster Irving M. Avery, and Colonel James H. Perry 
 deserve to stand at the head of its honorable roll. 
 
 And yet there were other units of company organizations, 
 which had distinct origins, but which afterwards were joined 
 to the forces that were rapidly recruited, when once the 
 name of Dr. Perry had been authoritatively announced as 
 the commander of the new regiment. Among others, 
 Lieutenant B. R. Corwin had early begun to recruit a 
 company in Brooklyn, under the personal authorization of 
 Colonel Perry, and Captain D. C. Knowles had opened in 
 July a recruiting-office in Trenton, N. J. Others in Mon- 
 mouth County, N. J., and along the valley of the Hudson 
 had gathered little groups of men, and when they learned 
 that Dr. Perry was forming a regiment they gladly offered 
 
JAMES H. PERRY, 
 
 FIRST COLONEL 48th, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
ORGANIZA TION, 3 
 
 themselves and their men. Many religious parents, fearful 
 of the moral contamination of army life for their sons, gladly 
 heard of a regiment to be commanded by an eminent minis 
 ter, and sent their sons to join it. Undoubtedly that was 
 how the organization gained its quaint sobriquet of " Perry s 
 Saints." 
 
 As the formation of the regiment was made largely about 
 the personality of its first commander, we will here give a 
 sketch of his life. 
 
 JAMES H. PERRY was born in Ulster County, N. Y., June 
 1 8, 1811. He inherited from a Welsh ancestry splendid 
 natural endowments, both intellectual and physical. He 
 stood fully six feet in height, broad-chested, broad-browed, 
 a man of noble bearing and of a courageous heart. He had 
 early evinced an inclination to a military life, and received 
 an appointment to a cadetship at West Point from President 
 Jackson in return for political services rendered by his father. 
 There was a delay in the forwarding of his credentials, and, 
 supposing that he had failed to receive the promised 
 appointment, young Perry began the study and entered 
 upon the practice of law. He also married. When his 
 appointment finally reached him he instantly relinquished 
 the pursuit of the law, and entered West Point. There his 
 independent and manly character brought him into frequent 
 difficulties, as he would resent the insults which the Southern 
 cadets were accustomed to heap upon the boys from the 
 North. He did not relish being called a " mudsill," and he 
 never was called it a second time. He became a sort of 
 leader to the nobler of the Northern boys chafing under the 
 affronts they habitually received. In one encounter with 
 several of the Southern cadets, who assaulted him in a most 
 cowardly manner while he was unarmed, he barely escaped 
 with his life, but thoroughly whipped his assailants. For 
 that fight he was court-martialled, and sentenced to be dis 
 missed from West Point ; but President Jackson, himself a 
 brave man who could appreciate the courage of a brave boy, 
 not only annulled the sentence, but wrote a letter commen- 
 
4 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, AT. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 datory of the manly conduct of young Perry. During his 
 third year at the Academy he resigned his cadetship, and at 
 the breaking out of the Texas rebellion against Mexico 
 espoused the Texan cause. Perry was commissioned a 
 colonel in the Texan army, and authorized to raise a regi 
 ment at the North. He only succeeded in raising part of a 
 regiment, which he took with him to Texas, and with which 
 he served with great and conspicuous ability. At the battle 
 of San Jacinto there occurred an incident which changed 
 the career of Colonel Perry from that of a man of war to 
 that of a man of peace. General Santa Anna, the com 
 mander of the Mexican army, had been guilty of such 
 duplicity, craftiness, and cruelty that every officer of the 
 Texan army had taken an oath to take his life if they met 
 him in battle. The reason for that desperate determination 
 was the atrocities of Santa Anna at Goliad and at the 
 Alamo. At Goliad he had butchered in cold blood the 
 entire garrison after it had surrendered, and upon the cap 
 ture of the Alamo he had put to the sword every one of that 
 gallant garrison, sparing only one woman, one child, and one 
 servant. Because of these barbarities the Texan army had 
 declared him an outlaw and a bandit, and the Texan officers 
 had bound themselves by an oath to kill him at sight. At 
 the battle of San Jacinto, where Texan independence was 
 finally won, Colonel Perry commanded the left wing of 
 General Houston s army. The battle-cry of the brave 
 Texans was, " Remember the Alamo." In the battle 
 Colonel Perry found himself opposed to a general whom he 
 supposed to be Santa Anna. He rode towards him, and, in 
 a hand-to-hand encounter with swords, killed him. After 
 the battle, when Santa Anna was brought into the Texan 
 camp a prisoner, Colonel Perry learned that his antagonist 
 had been the chief of staff of the Mexican General, and that 
 he had slain unwittingly an honorable soldier. Stung with 
 remorse, he instantly withdrew from the army and came 
 back North. That mistake in the identity of his antagonist 
 at San Jacinto had a singular effect upon Colonel Perry s 
 
OX GA NIZA T10N. 5 
 
 whole career. Brave as a lion, he was tender as a woman, 
 and a cloud of remorse for that act shadowed his noble life 
 from that hour until the day in Fort Pulaski when he died. 
 His most intimate friends have always believed that it was 
 this that led to his conversion, and the dedication of his life 
 to the Christian ministry. On returning North after the 
 Texan War he settled in Newburgh, on the Hudson. 
 
 I am indebted to his friend the Rev. J. B. Merwin for 
 the following account of the conversion and the ministerial 
 life of Colonel Perry : 
 
 " In the early fall of 1836, on a call at Newburgh, I found great in 
 terest because of an event of the Sunday night previous. At the 
 close of the sermon in the Methodist church a prayer-meeting was 
 commenced within the altar. The pastor, Rev. Seymour Landon, gave 
 an invitation to any who desired to give their hearts to the Lord to 
 come forward. Colonel Perry, who recently had returned from Texas, 
 sat in the middle aisle near the door; he instantly rose, and deliberately 
 walked to the altar and knelt for prayers. The man, so conspicuous 
 for his elegant and lofty bearing, wearing the badge of his military 
 office, manifesting so fearlessly his decision, awed the congregation, 
 thrilled the church, and made such an impression that it became the 
 topic of conversation throughout the town. His sincerity was seen in 
 his docility: he sought and followed the advice of his pastor and his 
 brethren. In less than two years from his conversion he was admitted 
 on trial in the New York Conference, and began to preach. His first 
 appointment in 1838 was Burlington and Bristol Circuit, Conn. The 
 usual military parade took place that fall in Burlington, and the 
 Rev. Mr. Perry was invited to act as chaplain. He discharged his 
 duties with such fine dignity and such military form that the event of 
 that day was the part taken by the chaplain. At the session of the 
 New York Conference in 1841, held in Mulberry Street Church (now 
 St. Paul s), New York City, the preacher assigned to fill the pulpit on 
 Sabbath evening failed to appear. Colonel Perry was asked to take his 
 place. In the spirit of military and ministerial discipline he obeyed 
 orders. The ability he exhibited won for him an invitation to become 
 the pastor of that church. He was not yet elected to elder s orders, 
 and yet he filled what was then the most important appointment of 
 the Conference with conspicuous success. Afterwards he was always 
 assigned to the principal churches. The magnificent physique and 
 marked characteristics of Dr. Perry were elements in the power and 
 efficiency of his ministerial career. In any assembly of men he was 
 
FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. V. S. VOLS. 
 
 likely to be the most noted figure in it a Saul among his brethren. 
 Tall, well-proportioned, with large head, full clear blue eye, a coun 
 tenance expressive of intelligent manliness, benignity and kindness, 
 and a native dignity and grace of bearing that inspired confidence and 
 respect, with nothing of that pomp and stateliness that repels these 
 but poorly indicate the character and proportions of his mind and 
 heart. He was noble and manly in all his traits ; in his attachments 
 firm, constant, and reliable ; the soul of honor and courage, always 
 courteous, always a gentleman. Such a man he was, and he brought 
 himself, his gifts, training and attainments into his work as a minister. 
 Many can testify in all the churches to his great usefulness. He was 
 a man of strong nature, had decided opinions, and possessed fine 
 ability as.a ready, dexterous, and cogent debater. He was a zealous 
 advocate for lay-delegation in the Methodist Church. He received 
 from Dickinson College in 1844 the degree of D.D. His manner in 
 the pulpit was calm, dignified, and impressive ; his style was distin 
 guished for its clearness, accuracy, and vigor, and for historic and 
 classical allusions." 
 
 He was twice a member of the General Conference of the 
 Methodist Episcopal Church, and his success in the ministry 
 was eminent. It was during the session of the Conference 
 to which he belonged in the spring of 1861 that news of the 
 bombardment of Fort Sumter was received. Rising in his 
 seat, amid an enthusiasm that will never be forgotten, he 
 said, " I was educated by the Government ; it now needs 
 my services. I shall resign my ministry, and again take up 
 my sword." 
 
 This was the Christian minister who was to become the 
 first commander of the Forty-eighth Regiment, whose name 
 was " a tower of strength" in its recruiting, who was to 
 lead them to the front, and after ten months of noble ser 
 vice at their head, was to die amid their love and tears, 
 and to live in their memory forever. 
 
 From the day that Colonel Perry s name was announced 
 to command the new regiment the work of recruiting went 
 rapidly on. 
 
 Lieutenant-Colonel Barton made a journey to Washing 
 ton, accompanied by the Hon. Moses F. Odell of Brooklyn, 
 an early and loyal friend of the regiment, and received 
 
OR GA NIZA TION-. 7 
 
 a promise from the Hon. Simon Cameron, then Secre 
 tary of War, that when more troops were needed the men 
 they were enlisting would be accepted by the Government. 
 
 On July 24, 1 86 1, the first recruits went into camp at 
 Fort Hamilton, Long Island. The camp was named " Camp 
 Wyman," after Mr. Luther B. Wyman of Brooklyn, our 
 early friend and patron, whose interest in us and zeal to 
 promote our welfare never wearied. 
 
 The regiment was designated originally the " Continental 
 Guard," the design being that it should be independent of 
 any State and that is why the overtures of its projectors 
 were made to Washington rather than to Albany. That 
 idea was, however, soon abandoned, as the general policy 
 of the Government was to obtain its soldiers in given quotas 
 from the several States. 
 
 Before President Lincoln had issued his famous call for 
 three hundred thousand men to serve " for three years or 
 during the war," under which the Forty-eighth New York 
 was mustered into the service, the noble men who were at 
 work recruiting it had expended between two and three 
 thousand dollars of their own money, and had been liberally 
 aided by Mr. Wyman with means to establish the camp at 
 Fort Hamilton, and to procure blankets and other neces 
 sities for the recruits. 
 
 Soon, however, their faith was to have its reward. On 
 the renewal of the application to the War Department word 
 was received from Governor E. D. Morgan, the great " War 
 Governor" of New York, that when the regiment was pro 
 perly officered and organized he would come on at once and 
 give it its number and muster it into the service. 
 
 Finally, on August 16, 1861, the first three companies 
 were mustered in, namely, companies H, I, and K. After 
 wards the companies were mustered as fast as their quota 
 of men was filled. Companies A and D, August 21 ; Com 
 pany G, August 26 ; Company E, August 27 ; Company F, 
 August 31; Company B, September 5; and Company C, 
 September 10. The time at Camp Wyman was spent in 
 
8 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S, VOLS. 
 
 drill, and by the officers in studying the tactics. The 
 writer remembers the night when he first arrived there on 
 July 30, 1861. Only one tent had been erected, a round 
 tent, such as a sutler afterwards used, where all of us slept 
 on the straw, with feet towards the centre. We recall a 
 visit of inspection at Camp Wyman by Governor E. D. Mor 
 gan and his staff. Among the staff that day was a brilliant 
 young gentleman by the name of Chester A. Arthur, late 
 the President of the United States. The officers of the 
 " Continental Guard " gave a fete champetre one evening 
 before we left the camp, which was a fine affair. The only 
 officer, except Colonel Perry, who seemed to have had any 
 elaborate military education (although Lieutenant-Colonel 
 Barton and several others had belonged to the Seventh New 
 York State Militia, and some to other militia regiments) was 
 Lieutenant Elfwing, a Swede, a graduate of the Royal 
 Military Academy of Sweden, and a very skilful swords 
 man, whose service with the regiment was destined to be 
 long and conspicuous, and who is now the U. S. Consul at 
 Stockholm, Sweden. The regiment took form in those 
 days at Fort Hamilton, company by company, and at the 
 final muster it received its number as the Forty-eighth Re 
 giment, New York State Volunteers. 
 
 We all remember the noble horse that Colonel Perry 
 rode. It was presented to him by the Methodist ministers 
 of New York and vicinity. I have received a letter con 
 cerning the circumstances of the gift from the Rev. L. H. 
 King, D.D., who writes as follows : 
 
 " I had been making a brief call on Colonel Perry, at his head 
 quarters in Brooklyn, and when leaving the thought occurred to me 
 that it would be a handsome thing to do if the ministers would present 
 him a horse, caparisoned and ready for use. At once I commenced 
 raising a subscription. The preachers about New York readily sub 
 scribed $5 each, and Judge Fancher gave me some $60. I had but 
 little trouble in raising the money, but a very hard time in finding a 
 horse suitable for that kind of service. We tried many horses. An 
 old farmer in Ulster County sold me an unsound horse and I prose 
 cuted him, and he was glad to settle and refund before the suit came 
 
ORGANIZA TION. . 9 
 
 to trial. Finally, a thorough horseman came and volunteered to get 
 me a horse ; and he found a good one, for which I paid $180 (the horse 
 was afterwards sold for $2480). Betts of New York City made the 
 saddle, bridle, etc., for which we paid him $60. One bright Monday 
 afternoon I rode the horse down to Fort Hamilton. The regiment 
 formed in a hollow square, and I made the presentation-speech from 
 the saddle, to which the Colonel made a brief reply, and mounted his 
 charger and rode away, and that was the last I ever saw of my genial 
 and much-loved friend, Colonel Perry." 
 
 All will remember the scene thus described. Dr. King is 
 a man of magnificent physique, not unlike that of Colonel 
 Perry, and when one dismounted and the other mounted the 
 noble steed which we all came to love it was a sight to 
 remember. Finally, on September 1 5th, orders were received 
 for us to proceed to Washington; and on September i/th 
 the regiment left Fort Hamilton (964 strong) for the front. 
 The field and staff officers and the commanders of com 
 panies on the day of our departure were as follows: 
 Colonel JAMES H. PERRY. 
 Lieutenant-Colonel WM. B. BARTON. 
 Major OLIVER T. BEARD. 
 Adjutant ANTHONY W. GOODELL. 
 Quartermaster IRVING M. AVERY. 
 Surgeon JOSEPH L. MULFORD. 
 Assistant-Surgeon PATRICK H. HUMPHRIES.* 
 Chaplain WM. P. STRICKLAND, D.D. 
 Company A: Captain Louis H. LENT. 
 B : JAMES FARRELL. 
 
 C: " EDWARD R. TRAVIS. 
 D : DANIEL C. KNOWLES. 
 
 E : WM. B. COAN. 
 
 F: JAMES M. GREEN. 
 
 G : " ANTHONY ELMENDORF. 
 H : " DUDLEY W. STRICKLAND. 
 I : " JOSEPH G. WARD. 
 K: SAMUEL J. FOSTER. 
 
 * Assistant-Surgeon Humphries name is given here in order to complete 
 the staff, although in fact he joined the regiment a little later. 
 
CHAPTER II. 
 To the Front September 17 to December 31, 1861. 
 
 Leave Fort Hamilton Through New Jersey Supper at Philadelphia 
 Through Baltimore At Washington At Annapolis The Forty-seventh 
 New York Flag Presentation Last Sermon of Colonel Perry October 
 i8th, Embarked on Steamer Empire City At Hampton Roads Organiza 
 tion of the Expeditionary Corps October 2gth, the Expedition Sails The 
 Fleet Sealed Orders The Storm at Sea Off Port Royal November 
 yth, the Battle of Port Royal Landing at Hilton Head In Camp 
 Contrabands Brigadier-General Viele Lady Nurses Drill "Jeff" 
 Sickness End of the Year 1861. 
 
 sailed by steamer John Potter from the dock at 
 Fort Hamilton (landing at Pier I, North River, New 
 York City), through Staten Island Sound to South Amboy, 
 N. J., and thence proceeded by rail to Philadelphia. Many 
 will remember the greetings on the way: certain of com 
 panies D and H, whose homes were along the line of the 
 railroad between South Amboy and Bordentown, in New 
 Jersey, were met by their friends at the stations and loaded 
 with gifts and refreshments ; notably Tantum, when we 
 reached his home at Windsor, and Captain Knowles, as we 
 passed his father s farm at Yardville. All will remember 
 also the supper at Philadelphia, at the " Cooper Shop Re 
 freshment Saloon." The noble City of Philadelphia gave a 
 hearty meal to all the soldiers who passed through it, on 
 their way to the front, and often it was the last " square 
 meal" the boys were destined to have for years. We 
 marched through Baltimore with loaded rifles, every man 
 having received forty rounds of cartridge in case of emer 
 gency ; but we were undisturbed : none greeted us with en 
 thusiasm, but no one presumed to insult us. Colonel Perry 
 was somewhat affronted by a pretended invitation to the 
 
TO THE FRONT. 
 
 I I 
 
 regiment to dine, which proved a fiasco. We reached Wash 
 ington at six P.M. on September i8th; next day we were 
 assigned to temporary quarters in a brick building on Penn 
 sylvania Avenue, not far from Willard s Hotel, and received 
 our rations at the Soldiers Retreat, but soon went into 
 camp on Capitol Hill. We felt now that we were at the 
 front. Here one day we caught our first glimpse of President 
 Lincoln as he reviewed a regiment of cavalry which was in 
 camp near us. In company with Mrs. Hanley, the writer 
 called at the White House; we sent up our cards, but we 
 were not received. Possibl>**we had forgotten that we had 
 
 UNION REFRESHMENT SALOON, PHILADELPHIA. 
 
 ceased to be " citizens" and had become soldiers. " Pri 
 vates" and regimental nurses were not expected to call upon 
 the Chief Magistrate on passing through Washington. We 
 learned the lesson of docility slowly, but we did learn it 
 at last. 
 
 From September 2oth until October 5th we remained in 
 our camp on Capitol Hill, spending our time at drill ; here 
 we were brigaded, and one day General T. W. Sherman, who 
 was to be our commander, inspected our brigade. On Octo 
 ber 5th we received orders to proceed to Annapolis, Md. 
 We left Washington at twelve o clock noon, and arrived at 
 
 o 
 
 Annapolis the same night at eleven o clock. Application was 
 
12 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N, Y. S. 
 
 made to the authorities of St. John s College for permission 
 to quarter the regiment in the college buildings that night, 
 but it was refused ; whereupon Colonel Perry intimated that 
 " bayonets could pick locks," and we did sleep in the college 
 buildings that night. Our rations not having arrived, we 
 were invited by the Third New Hampshire to come to their 
 quarters at the Naval Academy, and partake of coffee and 
 hard-tack as their guests. Next day we went into camp in 
 rear of the college buildings, our camp adjoining that of 
 the Forty-seventh New York. From that day that brave 
 regiment and ours became swotn allies, whose career in the 
 war ran side by side for years, and between the two regi 
 ments a great friendship existed and many mutual courtesies 
 were exchanged. 
 
 On the I2th of October, Mrs. Viele, wife of our brigade 
 commander, General Egbert L. Viele, presented the regi 
 ment with a stand of colors. An address of* presentation 
 was made by Governor Hicks of Maryland, to which Colonel 
 Perry responded. That flag was destined to be shot into- 
 shreds at Forjt Wagner. 
 
 An amusing incident occurred on the first Sunday we 
 were in Annapolis. The pastor of the Methodist Episcopal 
 Church invited Colonel Perry to preach for him in the even 
 ing. There is a story told, at the expense of the ministerial 
 members of the regiment, that the Colonel excused himself, 
 saying, " You can call on Major Beard, or Captain Knowles,. 
 or Sergeant Irvine, or some of the enlisted men ;" but finally 
 the Colonel did accept the invitation to preach. 
 
 The congregation of the Methodist church in Annapolis 
 were startled that night to see a tall and dignified minister 
 ascend their pulpit, arrayed in full regimentals, with his 
 sword at his side ; he unbuckled his belt and laid his sword 
 upon a pulpit chair as he knelt to pray. Many Southern 
 sympathizers in the congregation left the church ; those who- 
 remained heard a noble sermon from a noble preacher. It 
 was his last appearance in a pulpit. 
 
 The officers of the regiment received many courtesies 
 
TO THE FRONT. 13 
 
 -while in Annapolis, especially from Judge Brewer and his 
 family. We now first learned that we were destined to par 
 ticipate in an expedition which was forming for an attack 
 upon some unknown point on the Southern coast. 
 
 On October the i8th we received orders to move, struck 
 camp, and went on board the steamer Mayflower, which 
 took us two or three miles down the river to the steamer 
 Empire City, which lay at anchor in the stream. Our 
 lives and our fortunes were now embarked on that ship, 
 where we were assigned narrow quarters for days to come. 
 
 On October 2ist we sailed for Fortress Monroe, where 
 the expedition was to rendezvous. Hampton Roads pre 
 sented an imposing spectacle in those days as the magnifi 
 cent expedition of naval vessels and transports, the greatest 
 that up to that time had ever sailed under the American 
 flag, was there assembled. The military forces, 12,653 in 
 number, were under the command of Brigadier-General T. W. 
 Sherman ; the naval portion of the expedition was com 
 manded by Captain S. F. Dupont. The fleet was composed 
 of fifty war-vessels and transports, with twenty-five coal 
 vessels under convoy of the Vandalia. The organization 
 of the expeditionary corps was as follows : 
 
 ORGANIZATION OF THE EXPEDITIONARY CORPS, COMMANDED BY 
 BRIGADIER-GENERAL THOMAS W. SHERMAN, U. S. ARMY, OC 
 TOBER 28, 1861. 
 
 First Brigade. 
 Brigadier-General EGBERT L. VIELE. 
 
 Eighth Maine, Colonel Lee Strickland. 
 Third New Hampshire, Colonel Enoch Q. Fellows. 
 . Forty-sixth New York, Colonel Rudolph Rosa. 
 Forty-seventh New York, Colonel Henry Moore. 
 Forty-eighth New York, Colonel James H. Perry. 
 
 Second Brigade. 
 Brigadier-General ISAAC I. STEVENS. 
 
 Eighth Michigan, Colonel William M. Fenton. 
 
 Seventy-ninth New York, Lieutenant-Colonel William H. Nobles. 
 
14 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 Fiftieth Pennsylvania, Colonel B. C. Christ. 
 
 One Hundredth Pennsylvania, Colonel Daniel Leasure. 
 
 Third Brigade. 
 Brigadier-General HORATIO G. WRIGHT. 
 
 Sixth Connecticut, Colonel John L. Chatfield. 
 Seventh Connecticut, Colonel Alfred H. Terry. 
 Ninth Maine, Colonel Rishworth Rich. 
 Fourth New Hampshire, Colonel Thomas J. Whipple. 
 
 Troops not brigaded. 
 
 First New York Engineers, Colonel Edward W. Serrell. 
 Third Rhode Island Artillery, Colonel Nathaniel W. Brown. 
 Third U. S. Artillery, Battery E, Captain John Hamilton. 
 
 The majority of the Forty-eighth Regiment remained on 
 board the Empire City, although while at Hampton Roads 
 Lieutenants Dunbar and Hatfield, with thirty men of Com 
 pany C, were transferred to the steamer Belvidere, and two 
 companies, K and B, to the steamer Matanzas. It was not 
 until October 2Qth that the expedition finally started ; on 
 that day a noble sight was to be seen in Hampton Roads, 
 \vhen, at the signal from the Wabash, the flagship of Captain 
 Dupont, the great armada sailed away to sea. The Wabash 
 led the way, and was followed by all the ships, moving in 
 three parallel lines and occupying a space of some twelve 
 miles each way ; the transports and war-vessels were inter 
 mingled, so that in case of danger the latter might act as 
 convoys to the former. The transport vessels were the 
 Atlantic, the Baltic (each of which carried a full regiment 
 of men and large quantities of stores), the Vanderbilt, the 
 Ocean Queen, the Ericsson, Empire City, Daniel Webster, and 
 Great Republic (the latter vessel had been employed in a 
 similar service by the British Government during the 
 Crimean War). In addition to these were many smaller 
 vessels, and indeed several mere river-boats, which were 
 taken along on account of their light draught, and which 
 
TO THE FRONT. 15 
 
 were not fitted for an ocean voyage. The entire tonnage of 
 the transports was estimated at forty thousand tons. 
 
 The ships moved out to sea in three columns, in the fol 
 lowing order : The Wabash, flanked by the gunboats Pawnee, 
 Ottawa, Curlew, Isaac T. Smith, Seneca, Pembina, Unadilla, 
 Penguin, and R. B. Forbes. The Baltic, towing the Ocean 
 Express, led the column on the left, and was supported by the 
 Pocahontas. The Illinois towed the Golden Eagle, and was 
 followed by the Locust Point, Star of the South, Parkersburg, 
 Belvidere, Alabama, Coatzacoalcas, Marion, Governor, and 
 Mohican. The Atlantic led the central line, and was follow 
 ed by the Vanderbilt, towing the Great Republic; the Ocean 
 Queen, towing the Zenas Coffin; and these were followed 
 by the Winfield Scott, Potomac, Cahawba, Oriental Union, 
 Vixen, and O. M. Petit. The Empire City led the right, 
 followed by the Ericsson, Philadelphia, Ben De Ford, Florida, 
 Roanoke, Matanzas, Daniel Webster, Augusta, Mayflower, 
 Peerless, Ariel, Mercury, Osceola, and two ferryboats. The 
 twenty-five coal-barges convoyed by the Vandalia had been 
 sent out the day before, with instructions to rendezvous 
 off the Savannah River, so as to mislead the enemy as to 
 our real destination. 
 
 The expedition sailed under sealed orders, of which every 
 ship had a copy, and the instructions were not to break the 
 seal unless the fleet should be dispersed in a storm. Great 
 curiosity existed concerning our destination. Many of the 
 men had never before been at sea, and the quarters of the 
 private soldiers on the transports were cramped and poor, 
 and what with sea-sickness, foul air, and filthy quarters, the 
 discomforts were many. However, the voyage would have 
 been short and less memorable had it not been for the great 
 storm which broke upon us after we had passed Cape Hat- 
 teras. The writer has twice crossed the ocean, and five 
 times since then has passed Hatteras, but never has wit 
 nessed so terrible a storm at sea. It lasted for nearly a 
 week. Four of the transports were lost, but it is a surpris 
 ing fact that not more than a dozen persons perished. With 
 
1 6 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 so large a number of unseaworthy vessels in the fleet, it is 
 wonderful that the casualties should have been so small, for 
 the fury of the storm was terrible. The vessels lost were 
 the Governor, Peerless, Osceola, and Union. The Governor 
 floundered on Sunday, November 3d. She had on board a 
 battalion of marines, but they were saved by the frigate 
 Sabine, excepting a corporal and three men, who were 
 drowned. The Peerless was a small Lake steamer, loaded 
 with beef cattle ; her officers and crew were saved. The 
 propeller Osceola, also loaded with beef-cattle, was wrecked 
 on North Island, and her crew were made prisoners. The 
 Union went ashore off Beaufort, N. C, and her cargo was 
 lost. Her crew and a few soldiers aboard were captured. 
 The steamer Winfield Scott, which was subsequently wrecked 
 while we were on board of her, barely escaped destruction 
 in the storm. The Belvidere, with Lieutenants Dunbar and 
 Hatfield and the detachment of Company C on board, was 
 disabled, and put back to Fortress Monroe. The storm was 
 grand as it was terrible, and it scattered that noble fleet of 
 vessels to the winds. It has often been compared to the 
 tempest which destroyed the Spanish Armada three cen 
 turies before. From the deck of the Matanzas, on which 
 the writer was, on the day before the storm the three long 
 lines of war-ships and transports, that stretched as far away 
 as the eye could see, were visible a noble and majestic 
 sight. On the morning, when the storm subsided, from that 
 same deck not a sail was in sight. Had they gone down in 
 the sea ? Were they scattered so far apart that no one of the 
 ships was in sight of another? What had become of the 
 weaker and less seaworthy vessels ? It was a time of anxi 
 ety, as the storm itself had been to many a time of terror. 
 The sealed orders were broken, and then for the first time 
 we learned that our destination was Port Royal Harbor, on 
 the coast of South Carolina. 
 
 The fleet arrived off the bar at Port Royal, on November 
 4th ; soundings were made, and the outer harbor was 
 buoyed, and the next day the naval vessels moved over 
 
TO THE FRONT. \J 
 
 the bar, and drove back the mosquito fleet of Commo 
 dore Tatnall. The dangers of the sea were behind us, 
 but we were now confronted by dangers on the land. The 
 Confederates had erected two forts, one on either side 
 of the entrance of Port Royal Harbor: the one on the 
 north at Bay Point, Phillips Island, was named Fort Beau- 
 regard ; that on the south, on Hil 
 ton Head Island, Fort Walker. 
 Fort Walker was a regular work, 
 and mounted twenty -four guns; 
 Fort Beauregard mounted twenty 
 guns. The forces at Fort Walker 
 were commanded by General T. F. 
 Drayton of the rebel army, whose 
 mansion was near by; his com 
 mand numbered 1837 men. The 
 garrison of Fort Beauregard was 640 
 
 men, under Colonel R. G. M. Dunevant. In addition to 
 these forces on the land, the Confederates had a little squad- 
 
 FORT WALKER. 
 
 
 FORT BEAUREGARD. 
 
 ron, already referred to, called the " mosquito fleet," com 
 manded by Commodore Josiah Tatnall. At eight o clock 
 on the morning of November /th the signal was given for 
 the Union vessels to get underway, and at half-past nine the 
 memorable naval battle commenced. The plan of attack 
 was simple but unique. It was ordered that the ships pass 
 up midway between Forts Walker and Beauregard (which 
 were about two miles apart), receiving and returning the 
 
18 
 
 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 fire of both, sailing in an ellipse. The Wabash led the 
 way, next came the Susquehanna, then all the ships. This 
 was the first battle in history in which a steam-navy had 
 fought land-batteries while sailing in a circle, although the 
 attack of Admiral Dundas in the harbor of Sebastopol 
 seven years before was somewhat similar. Dupont s great 
 est credit for his work that day lies in the splendid victory 
 
 PLAN OF BATTLE OF PORT ROYAL. 
 
 which he won with such little loss. The battle was a mag 
 nificent spectacle, as we witnessed it from the decks of the 
 transports anchored off the bar. The ships kept sailing 
 around in their circle, belching forth their fiery volleys, now 
 at Fort Beauregard on the north, and now at Fort Walker on 
 the south ; and all we could do for our comrades of the navy 
 was to cheer them from the transports throughout the day. 
 "At half-past eleven the flag at Fort Walker was shot away ; 
 
TO THE FRONT. 19 
 
 at a quarter-past one the fort was abandoned. Fort Beaure- 
 gard also had been silenced, and the garrisons of both had 
 fled. The guns of the Federal navy had done fatal work, for 
 the dead and dying were on every side, and if to fight their 
 guns in the fortifications had been perilous to the enemy, 
 the retreat was hardly less so. Of course it was precipitous, 
 but the majority of both garrisons escaped. The loss on 
 board the fleet was slight ; Dupont reported his casualties 
 at thirty-one, eight only being killed. The vessels engaged 
 were, however, more or less injured by the Confederate 
 
 ADMIRAL DUPONT. 
 
 guns. The WabasJi, for instance, was struck thirty-four 
 times. 
 
 The fact that this was our first victory in the State of 
 South Carolina gave it peculiar celebrity. That State had 
 been the first to secede and the chief promoter of the Rebel 
 lion, and now that the Federal forces had secured a footing 
 upon its disloyal soil, loyal people everywhere were greatly 
 rejoiced. The American navy covered itself with a lasting 
 glory by its achievements on that day. By the capture of 
 Port Royal the federal forces gained a magnificent naval 
 depot and a firm foothold, from which she was never driven; 
 
20 
 
 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 MAP OF SEA ISLANDS. 
 "SCALE OF M.LES 
 
 1 
 
 UANbEC 
 
 PORT" 
 ROYAL ^ __ i i.^^Kr^j^z-^ 1 ._ ~*rffcE 
 
 the re- 
 g i on of 
 the famous 
 Sea Island cot 
 ton. It also be 
 came a sort of the 
 atre for certain philan- 
 RD thropic experiments of 
 antislavery advocates in 
 those days. Beaufort District 
 was perhaps the richest district in 
 the whole Palmetto State. It con 
 tained fifteen hundred square miles of 
 territory, and annually produced fifty million 
 pounds of rice and fourteen thousand bales 
 of the finest cotton. It had a population of 
 about forty thousand souls, more than three quarters 
 of whom were slaves. 
 The right wing of our regiment landed at Hilton Head 
 Island on November Qth, and the left wing the next day. 
 Transports everywhere were discharging troops, and the 
 harbor presented a most animated appearance. We were 
 marched about a half mile back from the shore, and went 
 into camp in the midst of a cotton-field. Scouting parties 
 were sent out over the island, and they captured horses, 
 mules, chickens, pigs, and about everything they could lay 
 their hands on, and divided the " eatables" between the 
 different companies. That, however, was not considered 
 
TO THE FRON7\ 
 
 21 
 
 " stealing," but "confiscating." From ten to twelve every 
 morning we had battalion drill ; from two to four every 
 afternoon, company drill. Sometimes we were drilled by 
 brigade. The work the boys loved the least was " fatigue 
 duty," though they were compelled to do much of it, work- 
 
 DRAYTON S MANSION. 
 
 ing on the fortifications which General Sherman foolishly 
 persisted in erecting. Meanwhile all sorts of rude houses 
 were hastily constructed at Hilton Head; an immense wharf 
 was built ; and vessels of all sorts, laden with all manner of 
 supplies, came from the North, and in a short time quite a 
 
 
 POPE S HOUSE. 
 
 town had sprung up. Meanwhile the gun-boats had sailed 
 up all the little rivers and taken possession of many islands. 
 The aristocratic city of Beaufort, on Port Royal Island, was 
 occupied, only one white man being found in the place ; 
 everywhere the white people abandoned their homes and 
 
22 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 fled, and only the negroes remained behind : they thronged 
 the camps in great numbers, often coming into camp, carry 
 ing in little bundles, all their worldly possessions, having a 
 simple faith that when they reached " Massa Linkum s sol 
 diers" they would be free. The panic which prevailed on 
 these islands of South Carolina at our approach, and the 
 precipitous flight of the enemy made many subsequently 
 believe (as Colonel Perry believed at the time) that had we 
 followed up our victory at Port Royal by marching imme 
 diately against Charleston or Savannah, one of these cities 
 might easily have been taken. On November 24th there 
 was a general inspection and review by Generals Sherman 
 and Viele. Our brigade-commander was General Egbert 
 L. Viele, a well-known engineer, who had been prominent 
 in the construction of the Central Park in New York City, 
 and who has recently been a Park Commissioner, and is at 
 this writing (1885) a member of Congress from New York. 
 
 Let me here recall the names of the four ladies who had 
 accompanied us from the North to act as nurses in the hos 
 pital. They were Mrs. Hanley, Mrs. Brooks, Miss Reward, 
 and Miss Fox. Many of the boys who were sick in the 
 hospitals will recall their kindness. Camp-life at Hilton 
 Head was now a mononotous routine ; the climate also was 
 unhealthy. We obtained water by sinking barrels in the 
 sand. Yet our rations were good ; we received our pay regu 
 larly ; the sutler was handy, and on the whole we had a good 
 time. Colonel Perry was a magnificent drill-master; the 
 regiment s efficiency at drill soon became famous. But few 
 changes up to this time had occurred among us. 
 
 We received frequent mails from the North ; also boxes 
 which came to us by express from the good people at home. 
 Who does not remember the pleasure he always found in 
 reading his letters and opening his box when it arrived ? 
 One day there came into camp a contraband having two 
 pups for sale. The writer purchased one for a quarter of a 
 dollar ; Arthur McGuigan, of Company D, the other at the 
 same price. The former dog drank a can of condensed milk 
 
TO THE FRONT. 2$ 
 
 (price fifty cents) the first day. His owner found him an 
 expensive boarder, and disposed of him. McGuigan s dog 
 was named "Jeff," and the company adopted him; and he 
 became at last a hero, and died in battle, years afterwards, 
 at Cold Harbor, being shot dead while barking up a tree at 
 a rebel sharp-shooter. Every one will recall for himself 
 many incidents of those first weeks in camp on the soil of 
 South Carolina. The saddest memory will be that a number 
 of the men who had had the measles on shipboard had taken 
 cold from exposure during the storm, and died after reach 
 ing Hilton Head. But we were not unhappy in those days; 
 here we came to know each other, and began to appreciate 
 the temper of the men with whom we were associated, and 
 with whom we were yet destined to stand shoulder to 
 shoulder in front of fiery batteries and gleaming lines of 
 steel. Thus came to an end the year 1861, and thus ends 
 this chapter, with the regiment " at the front" 
 
CHAPTER III. 
 
 Port Royal Ferry to Fort Pulaski January i, 1862, to 
 May 31, 1862. 
 
 Expedition to Port Royal Ferry Report of Colonel Perry Back to Camp 
 Flags Presented Captain Ward Resigns Private Reilly and the Bomb 
 shell Captain Q. A. Gillmore January 25th, leave Hilton Head Wreck 
 of the Winfield Scott Davvfuskie Island Our Camp Revisited in 
 1884 Major Beard History of the Locality Batteries "Vulcan" and 
 "Hamilton" on Jones and Bird s Islands Narrative of Captain 
 Knowles The "Cold Chisel" Brigade Captain Gillmore on Tybee 
 Island General Hunter Succeeds General T. W. Sherman April ioth, 
 Bombardment of Fort Pulaski Capitulation Rattlesnakes The Goat 
 News from the North General Grant at Shiloh The Sutler May 25th, 
 leave Dawfuskie Island for Fort Pulaski. 
 
 the first day of the New Year, 1862, we met the enemy 
 for the first time in battle. The engagement is known 
 as that of Port Royal Ferry. At that point, on the Coosaw 
 River, the Confederates made their only stand in defence of 
 the Sea Island District. They had a fortified position there, 
 from which it was determined to drive them. A joint land 
 and naval expedition was formed for this purpose. The 
 former was commanded by Brigadier-General Stevens ; the 
 latter by Commander C. R. P. Rogers. General Stevens 
 forces consisted of his brigade, Seventy-ninth New York High 
 landers, Fiftieth Pennsylvania, Eighth Michigan, and One 
 Hundredth Pennsylvania (Roundheads), and two regiments 
 from General Viele s brigade, the Forty-seventh and Forty- 
 eighth New York, under the command of Colonel Perry. The 
 naval forces consisted of the gunboats Ottawa, Pembina, 
 Hale, and Seneca, the ferryboat Ellen, and four large 
 launches belonging to the frigate Wabash, each carrying a 
 twelve-pound howitzer. We embarked at Hilton Head on 
 
PORT ROYAL FERRY TO FORT PULASKI. 2$ 
 
 December 3ist, and the next morning about eight o clock 
 landed near the cotton-gin on Adams plantation. The 
 Eighth Michigan of Stevens brigade were deployed as 
 skirmishers, and the gun-boats, which had also arrived, 
 opened a brisk fire upon the woods in their front. Soon a 
 battery near the ferry opened upon our forces with grape 
 and canister, but the Eighth Michigan quickly silenced 
 them. The Forty-seventh and Forty-eighth New York, 
 under Colonel Perry, constituted the reserve at that little 
 engagement. They were, however, brought into action by 
 being thrown forward in line on the right, about at right 
 angles to Stevens brigade. As we advanced we soon un 
 masked an ambushed battery, which apparently was well 
 defended, along the skirt of woods in our front. Colonel 
 Perry at once ordered out skirmishers from the Forty-eighth 
 to the front and from the Forty-seventh to the left, to ascer 
 tain if it was practicable to take the battery by the flank. 
 That was barely accomplished before orders were received 
 for us to retire the enemy had been driven from their for 
 tifications at the ferry. 
 
 Meanwhile the sailors observed our movements from the 
 mast-heads of the gun-boats, and threw their shells over our 
 heads into the midst of the enemy. The Highlanders took 
 the fortifications at the ferry with great gallantry, and with 
 a loss of nine wounded. Who will not remember that New 
 Year s Day, when for the first time we heard the " rebel 
 yell"? While the skirmish was in progress we were ordered 
 to protect ourselves by lying down between the corn-rows 
 in the field, Colonel Perry himself, however, standing erect 
 through it all. I cannot better describe our part in the 
 work of that day than by giving entire the report of Colonel 
 Perry. This was the only occasion when he led us in per 
 son in a fight, and therefore the only report of a battle which 
 is from his pen. True the engagement was but a skirmish, 
 and we would have made little note of it in after-years; but 
 because it was our first engagement, and the only one in 
 which we were to be led by the gallant soldier under whom 
 
26 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 we had enlisted, the battle of Port Royal Ferry is cherished 
 in our memory, not with undue, but possibly with dispro 
 portionate interest. 
 
 Report of Colonel James H. Perry, Forty-eighth New York Infantry. 
 
 HEADQUARTERS FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT 
 
 NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS, 
 HILTON HEAD, S. C., January 3, 1862. 
 
 CAPTAIN : I beg leave respectfully to submit for the information of 
 the General commanding the following report of the participation of 
 my command in the affair at Port Royal Ferry on the ist instant: 
 
 On account of some delay on the part of the Forty-seventh New 
 York, I detained my column at Adams plantation (the place of land 
 ing) until the latest moment, and finally commenced the march before 
 the arrival of two companies of that regiment. I had advanced per 
 haps three quarters of a mile, when I received an order from the 
 General to bring forward my command with the greatest expedition. 
 We immediately advanced at double-quick until we overtook the sup 
 porting column, when I received notice of the existence of a battery 
 threatening our right flank, and was ordered to attack and capture it. 
 In obedience to the order, I immediately deployed my column, and 
 forming double line of battle advanced upon the position of the enemy, 
 the Forty-eighth New York, under command of Lieutenant-Colonel 
 Barton, leading, supported by the Forty-seventh New York, under the 
 command of Lieutenant-Colonel Fraser. 
 
 When my first line was fairly under fire at long range it was halted 
 under shelter of the timber and protected by the inequalities of the 
 ground, and I sent forward two companies of skirmishers, with orders 
 to ascertain the exact position of the battery, the best method of ap 
 proaching it, the number of its guns, and with what force it was 
 supported. The skirmishers were met by a sharp fire of artillery and 
 musketry, but they went forward steadily and rapidly, and soon re 
 ported to me that a marsh covered the front of the enemy s position, 
 and that they had at least four guns, supported by a heavy force of 
 infantry. I then advanced the Forty-seventh New York for the pur 
 pose of manoeuvring upon the left flank and gaining the rear of the 
 enemy before attacking in front. The Forty-seventh pressed through 
 the timber, and had gained a position well on the left and rear, and 
 their advance had exchanged a few shots with the enemy, when I re 
 ceived the General s order to retire, the battery on the river having 
 been taken and the object of the expedition accomplished. I drew 
 off my men without loss. Three members of the Forty-eighth Regi- 
 
PORT ROYAL FERRY TO FORT PULASKL 2-j 
 
 ment were slightly wounded, but not a man was disabled or rendered 
 unfit for duty. 
 
 I am happy to add, that the men and officers of my command be 
 haved with great steadiness and resolution, obeying the word of com 
 mand under fire as if they had been on drill. 
 
 Very respectfully, J. H. PERRY, 
 
 Colonel Forty-eighth Regiment A T ew York Volunteers. 
 
 We spent that first night of the new year on the battle 
 field, not being permitted to build fires lest we should at 
 tract the fire of the enemy, and as we were not prepared 
 with suitable clothing to spend a winter s night out of doors, 
 we shivered ; indeed, with the exception of the winter nights 
 on Belle Island, the writer does not ever remember to have 
 suffered so from the cold as during that long and chilly 
 night at Port Royal Ferry. In the morning we re-embarked 
 and returned to Hilton Head, having destroyed tne rebel 
 works and accomplished the object of our expedition. And 
 so our first engagement with the enemy, though merely to- 
 quote Colonel Perry s words "an affair," was a victory. 
 The reason of the Confederates for making a stand at Port 
 Royal Ferry was because the " Shell Road " (the only 
 thoroughfare by land between Beaufort and Charleston) 
 reaches the Coosaw River at this point. Although we 
 whipped the enemy in this little battle they reoccupied 
 their works immediately after we abandoned them, and the 
 Coosaw River continued to be the dividing line between the 
 contending armies for the next three years. 
 
 On January I2th a set of colors, consisting of a regimental 
 flag and two " markers," was presented to the regiment from 
 friends in Brooklyn. 
 
 On January iSth, Captain Ward of Company I resigned. 
 We remained in our camp at Hilton Head during the most 
 of that month. Many amusing incidents might be recalled, 
 if space would permit, that served to break the monotony 
 of camp-life in those days. For instance, while Company 
 B was on provost-guard one day, Private Patrick Reilly 
 rolled an unexploded eleven-inch bombshell up to a camp- 
 
28 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S, VOLS. 
 
 fire and began to probe the vent of it with an ignited stick; 
 of course it exploded, making great havoc everywhere, but 
 leaving Private Reilly absolutely unharmed. From that 
 day he carried the nickname of " Bombshell Reilly. At 
 that time Captain Quincy A. Gillmore was chief-engineer 
 of the Department of the South, a gallant soldier, destined 
 hereafter to be associated as our commander with the 
 greater part of our history as a regiment. To him General 
 Sherman intrusted the task of the reduction of Fort Pulaski, 
 at the mouth of the Savannah River. In aid of that under 
 taking it was determined to occupy Dawfuskie Island, S. C., 
 and to construct batteries on two mud islands on opposite 
 sides of the Savannah River, in order to cut off communica 
 tion between Fort Pulaski and the city of Savannah. It 
 was that part of the work which was intrusted to us. On 
 Januar>^25th we broke camp at Hilton Head, and marched 
 to Saybrook s Landing. One wing of the regiment, under 
 Lieutenant-Colonel Barton, was safely landed at Haig s (or 
 Hague s) Point on Dawfuskie ; all but Corporal Dutcher 
 of Company A, who walked overboard in his sleep and was 
 drowned. (His was the eighth death since leaving Camp 
 Wym an.) 
 
 But while the other wing was on board the Winfield Scott, 
 passing through " Pull-and-be-damned " Creek, the ship went 
 ashore on a tongue of oyster-beds which projected from 
 Long Pine Island. As the tide went down, she broke in 
 two in the middle, and left us " wrecked " upon that barren 
 sea-island. We had on board twenty days provisions, which 
 were saved. The horses were disembarked with difficulty, 
 being pushed overboard and made to swim ashore. I re 
 member that the colonel s horse insisted on swimming to 
 the opposite bank of the creek, got fast in the mud, and 
 was extricated with great difficulty. Some of the boys 
 went out on a scouting expedition, and succeeded in finding 
 a venerable cow, which they killed. But our brief stay on 
 Long Pine Island is particularly memorable because we 
 there discovered the u goat;" we took him with us, and he 
 
30 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 became a regimental pet. The steamer Mayflower came 
 to our rescue the next day, and landed us on Dawfuskie 
 Island, where, in a fine piece of woods, on February I, 1862, 
 we finally went into camp. Dawfuskie Island was a beauti 
 ful spot in those days. Monjion s and Stoddard s planta 
 tions were especially fine. Great forests of pine and oak 
 were on the island, and the magnificent Spanish moss, 
 which is the chief beauty of the far-famed cemetery of 
 Bonaventure at Savannah, festooned the branches of the 
 forest. We erected our tents and built arbors over them, 
 and, gathering moss from the woods, covered the roofs and 
 sides of the arbors with it, until our camp on Dawfuskie be 
 came perhaps the most picturesque of all our " resting- 
 places" in the war. We cleared a parade-ground in front of 
 .the camp, and there the daily " drill " continued. 
 
 Since this history was begun the writer has revisited Daw 
 fuskie Island. In company with Captain Knowles of Com 
 pany D, the Rev. W. N. Searles of Kingston, N. Y., and the 
 Rev. A. M. Palmer of Staten Island, he landed again at Daw 
 fuskie, at Cooper s Landing, in April, 1884. We expected 
 to find the Southern planters back in their houses, and that, 
 twenty-two years after we had evacuated their beautiful island, 
 they would have re-established their homes upon it. We 
 were surprised to find it occupied mostly by a few negroes 
 who cultivated little patches of cotton, sweet potatoes, and 
 water-melons, near by their cabins. These cabins were not 
 better than they were in the war ; and the old mansions of 
 the planters were unoccupied, and fallen into decay. A 
 single new and unpretentious house has been erected along 
 the shore. We strolled up the sandy road and easily found 
 the piece of woods where our camp had formerly been. The 
 ground was overgrown with briers and brush, but it recalled 
 many memories of the months we spent there in camp, and 
 the dear fellows who had been our comrades then. 
 
 Major Beard of our regiment distinguished himself at this 
 time by removing certain obstructions which the rebels had 
 placed in Wall s Cut, an artificial channel connecting New 
 
PORT ROYAL FERRY TO FORT PULASKI. 31 
 
 and Wright rivers. Wall s Cut and Dawfuskie Island were 
 historic places; for on the i6th of September, 1779, when 
 the city of Savannah was in the possession of the English, 
 and was invested by the French forces under Count d Es- 
 taing and the American army under General Lincoln, 
 Colonel Maitland of the English army arrived at Dawfuskie 
 Island and desired to form a junction with Provost in 
 Savannah. He was unable to do so because the Savannah 
 River was in the possession of the French. He chanced, 
 however, upon some negro fishermen who were familiar 
 with the creeks and marshes thereabouts, and they informed 
 him of the passage through Wall s Cut. Aided by the tide 
 and a dense fog he succeeded by this route in reaching 
 Savannah, and the British garrison thus reinforced, success 
 fully resisted the combined attack of the French and Ameri 
 can allied forces, a few days afterwards. We were therefore 
 on historic ground at Dawfuskie Island. 
 
 And now began one of the most difficult undertakings 
 (and one of the most successful) of our entire history. True 
 it was but subsidiary to the work of our comrades on Ty- 
 bee Island in the reduction of Fort Pulaski, but it was 
 nevertheless of the greatest importance. 
 
 Jones and Bird s Islands are two flat marsh-islands, over 
 flowed twice a day by the tides, opposite each other on the 
 north and south banks of the Savannah River. It was de 
 termined that batteries should be erected upon them to cut 
 off communication between Pulaski and Savannah. It was 
 a work of great difficulty, but it was successfully accom 
 plished, and chiefly by the Forty-eighth Regiment. The 
 Seventh Connecticut, however, and later some other regi 
 ments, aided in the work. To begin with, some eight or ten 
 thousand logs were cut in the woods at Dawfuskie, and car 
 ried on the shoulders of the men to the river-shore. (Who 
 that recalls that lugging of logs will not feel his shoulders 
 ache to this very day ?) Thence the logs were transported 
 on boats to Jones Island, and used to build a causeway, over 
 which the heavy cannons were dragged. The islands them- 
 
32 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 selves are a mere formation of mud, of the consistency of 
 jelly, from four to twelve feet in depth, which the river has 
 deposited upon shoals of sand. The surface is covered with 
 matted sea -grass. It was a herculean task to cross this 
 island, a distance of a mile, and drag heavy cannons over 
 loose planks laid across the logs and place them in batteries. 
 When the guns slipped off in the mud they had to be lifted 
 on the planks again by main strength. But difficult as it 
 was, the task was successfully accomplished, and the guns 
 mounted on heavy plank-platforms at Venus Point. So 
 " Battery Vulcan," on Jones Island, and subsequently " Bat 
 tery Hamilton," on Bird s Island, opposite, were erected. 
 The work was all done at night. We are glad to be able to 
 furnish from the graphic pen of the Rev. D. C. Knowles 
 (then Captain of Company D), who was in command of the 
 detachment which finally succeeded in moving the guns 
 across the island and erecting them on the battery one 
 dismal night, an account of his labors. He also tells the 
 story of the most ridiculous project ever devised for at 
 tacking an " iron-clad," known among us as the Cold-chisel 
 Brigade. He writes : 
 
 "On February 12, 1862, I was ordered to go down to Jones Island 
 with Lieutenants Miller and Lockwood, and a detail of 150 men. The 
 guns, six in number, had already been landed on the island at a point 
 one mile in a straight line from the point designated for the battery. 
 
 " Our task was to drag them over that distance to their destination. 
 The corduroy-road for some reason had been abandoned after being 
 laid a few hundred yards. We reached the spot where the guns were 
 placed about sundown. Just as we were landing, a rebel gun-boat 
 came up the river from the fort, stopped opposite us, about a mile 
 away, and seemed to be curiously scanning our doings. Every mo 
 ment we expected a shell, but for some reason they left us unmolested, 
 and passed on to the city. Had they seen our cannon, which were 
 covered with reeds, and thus screened from observation, they would 
 not have left us so undisturbed to the tender mercies of swamp-fever. 
 
 " About dark, Lieutenant Wilson, afterward General Wilson, who 
 captured Jefferson Davis, then a young officer in the regular army, 
 landed, and explained the work to be done. Dividing my men into 
 small reliefs under the command of non-commissioned officers, we at 
 
PORT ROYAL FERRY TO FORT PULASKL 3$ 
 
 once began the hardest task I ever saw performed by human beings. 
 Six huge guns were to be transported over a mile of mud, so soft and 
 bottomless that we sank ankle deep at every step, and oftentimes were 
 in danger of being utterly mired in the treacherous morass. It was 
 done in thiswise : Planks 18 feet long, 16 inches wide, and very thick, 
 were laid down and gauged like a railroad track, along which we care 
 fully guided the wheels of the cannon. After they were all moved 
 forward the planks were lifted out of the deep mire, carried forward, 
 and laid again. Thus we proceeded the live-long night, and by nine 
 o clock the next morning every gun was mounted in position. I saw 
 men that night standing upright in the mire knee-deep, fast asleep. 
 The work done, I threw myself on a plank covered with the softest of 
 Carolina soil, myself a pillar of mud, my head softly resting on mud, 
 and with a full South Carolina sun burning in my face, slept as 
 sweetly as a babe in its mother s arms. On this low, marshy island 
 our regiment was quartered, two companies at a time, until the fort 
 was taken. The purpose was to cut off all approach to the fort from 
 Savannah for relief or assistance. Our duties were to support the 
 battery in case of attack, and also to build a parapet before the guns. 
 This was no easy task, as the men were compelled to stand knee-deep 
 in the mud and water in the ditches, and what they threw up was so 
 near the consistency of molasses that it refused to stay until the sun 
 had dried it, when it took the hardness of stone. General Viele, in 
 his report of this work, says : These islands, as well as all others in 
 the river, are merely deposits of soft mud on sand-shoals, always 
 covered at high tide, and overgrown with dank grasses. 
 
 " In speaking of the mud-forts built there he also says : Although 
 the material of which they are composed (mud highly saturated with 
 water) is of the most unfavorable description, they are both creditable 
 specimens of field-works, and evidence the great labor and persever 
 ance of the troops under the most trying circumstances, the fatigue- 
 parties always standing in water twenty-four hours. 
 
 "One night in February a very high tide rolled in, covering the 
 whole island, putting out our fires, and leaving us wallowing in water 
 from one to three feet deep. We were literally at sea. Amid such 
 discomforts, exposed to cutting winds and malarial odors, we fought 
 with destiny until the middle of April. 
 
 " And now I come to an episode that is a type of many a curious 
 plan that our civil war brought forth. Probably no contest ever pro 
 duced so many novel expedients to circumvent an enemy as were 
 born in the fertile brains of our inventive Yankee soldiers. Powder 
 gun-boats, monitors, and mines hurling forts in the air are samples of 
 these extra-military expedients for defeating a watchful foe. The 
 3 
 
34 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 event I am now about to relate is not a whit behind the chiefest of 
 them in hazard and reckless audacity. 
 
 "About the middle of March two deserters from the rebel lines 
 came into our brigade and reported the existence of a steamer at 
 Savannah clad with railroad iron, after the order of the celebrated 
 Merrtmac. They said a movement was on foot to run the vessel 
 down with a body of troops, capture our forts on the banks of the 
 Savannah, and thus open the way to the relief of Pulaski. 
 
 " Certain reports of officers making reconnoissances of the river 
 seemed to corroborate the existence of such a vessel, and the fears of 
 our officers were aroused for our safety and the success of our enter 
 prises. Schemes for defence were at once devised, and the plan I now 
 give in detail was adopted. 
 
 " It was supposed that the vessel lying low in the water, with slop 
 ing sides of iron like the roof of a house, would steam down the river 
 and anchor directly between our batteries, of which we had two, one 
 on either bank, and proceed boldly to shell us at close range, while all 
 our shot in reply would fly harmlessly from her invulnerable covering. 
 In the mean time the infantry would attack us in the rear, cut off re 
 treat, and take us all prisoners at their convenience. The line of 
 defence, therefore, must include the capture of the vessel by some 
 expedient. The plan devised in the fertile brain of somebody was to 
 take six common row-boats, three on either side of the river, man 
 each of them with six oarsmen, six soldiers, and an officer. The sol 
 diers were to be armed with revolvers, hand-grenades, cold-chisels, 
 and sledge-hammers. The boats were to be well supplied with grap 
 pling-irons and ropes. Thus equipped, when the vessel came, the 
 whole expedition was to row out from either shore, board the vessel 
 by means of the ropes and grappling-irons, keep the gunners from the 
 guns by the free use of hand-grenades thrown into the port-holes, and 
 cutting through the iron roof by means of the cold-chisels and sledge 
 hammers, get inside the vessel and capture her, crew and all. Such, in 
 brief, was the line of defence, Suffice it to say, the boats were selected, 
 the material all sent down to the batteries, and the officer in command 
 of the forts directed to select some one to lead the forlorn hope. I 
 was called to the command. Selecting two lieutenants as assistants, 
 we picked our crews, drilled our men, and awaited the final hour. 
 
 " While making preparations, Captain Hamilton, a prominent offi 
 cer in the Third Artillery of the regular army, came down to inspect 
 our progress, and report our condition. He sent for me to visit him 
 in the Lieutenant-Colonel s tent. I explained our preparations, and 
 asked advice. One point seemed to me not to have been well con 
 sidered. I said to him, Captain, that vessel has steam and an 
 
PORT ROYAL FERRY TO FORT PULASKI. 35 
 
 engine, and it seems to me if we should succeed in getting a force on 
 her sloping sides, and threatening to take her, they would slip their 
 cables, steam up the Savannah, and carry us off to jail with all dis 
 patch. But you must stop her, said he. Well, how? was my 
 reply. He sat a moment in silent meditation, when he broke out : I 
 do not know any better way than to take strong ropes, fasten them to 
 her anchor or some part of the vessel, and then attach the other end 
 to the screw, so that when the wheel starts the rope will wind up and 
 stop its revolutions. Not a very easy thing to do, it strikes me, said 
 I, in such a rapid current as this river, and that too while cannon 
 are thundering in our very faces. Well, said he, it is a desperate 
 case, and we must hold these batteries at any cost. You must do the 
 best you can, at any rate. 
 
 "Just at that moment a thought struck me, suggested by my 
 knowledge of the construction of a steam-boiler and the presence of 
 the cold-chisels. I ventured to suggest it as a new plan of offence. 
 4 Captain, said I, why could we not board the vessel, strike at once 
 for the smoke-stack, and cutting a hole in it, throw down a bomb 
 shell, blow up these tubes that run through the boiler, and thus let 
 out the steam and scald the crew, and take the whole institution at a 
 blow. 
 
 "The Captain sprang to his feet, with a face all radiant with joy, 
 and with many big words which I do not desire to repeat, declared 
 that the thing should be done, and consequently a huge bomb-shell, 
 with fuse all ready, was placed in each boat as a part of our arma 
 ment. And while we waited the coming of our foe we wrote to our 
 friends the possibility of our fate, and talked together of a grave in 
 the muddy flood of the Savannah. For we all felt assured that 
 nothing less than an interposition of Providence could save us from 
 certain destruction. To row half a mile in the face of such a foe, in 
 such a rapid current, in crowded boats, and board a vessel under such 
 conditions, was an enterprise that had in it few chances of success. 
 Disaster in all probability would have been the end of such an expedi 
 tion. And yet in the face of these convictions we entered on the pro 
 ject with all the ardor of assured victory. The devoted band was 
 denominated The Cold-chisel Brigade, and when the enterprise was 
 finally abandoned the cold-chisels were seized as souvenirs of a project 
 that gained at the time quite a local notoriety. 
 
 " Suffice it to say the report was false. No such vessel then ex 
 isted ; and when General Hunter took command of the Department 
 he made an early visit to the batteries to see what the Cold-chisel 
 Brigade was proposing to do, and with the curt remark, What fool 
 got up that plan ? he ordered it disbanded." 
 
36 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S VOLS. 
 
 While we were at work at the batteries on the mud-islands. 
 Captain Gillmore had succeeded in erecting on Tybee Island 
 the splendid batteries which were destined to demolish Fort 
 Pulaski. The work on Tybee also was of a laborious na 
 ture, it requiring 250 men to move a single cannon with a 
 sling-cart over the sand and mud to its place. However, 
 on the Qth of April Gillmore had n batteries erected, 
 mounting 36 guns. The nearest to the fort were Batteries 
 Potter and McClellan, which were only 1650 yards distant. 
 Each battery had a magazine containing two days supply 
 of ammunition, and a great powder-magazine, with a capa- 
 
 GENERAL DAVID HUNTER. 
 
 city of 3000 barrels, was constructed near the martello 
 tower. On March 3 1st General T. W. Sherman was relieved 
 in command of the Department of the South by Major- 
 General David Hunter. General Hunter, accompanied by 
 General Benham, the district-commander, arrived on Tybee 
 Island on the evening of April 8th. At sunrise on the loth 
 he sent a summons to Colonel Charles H. Olmstead, the 
 Confederate commander of Fort Pulaski, to surrender. His 
 refusal was in this memorable phrase : " I am here to defend 
 this fort, not to surrender it." At quarter-past eight o clock 
 Gilmore s batteries on Tybee opened fire. All day long they 
 
PORT ROYAL FERRY TO FORT PULASKI. 
 
 37 
 
 hurled their deadly shot and shell upon the doomed fort 
 ress ; all night long, at intervals of fifteen and twenty min 
 utes, they kept up their fire. At sunrise the next morning, 
 with redoubled fury, the batteries continued their work; 
 not until two o clock in the afternoon did the fort capitu 
 late. It had made a brave defence, for the Parrott projec 
 tiles, some of which had cut their way through six and seven 
 feet of brick wall, had made a terrible breach on the angle 
 of the fort facing Tybee Island. The fight was nearly blood- 
 
 BREACH IN FORT PULASKI. 
 
 less : the Confederates lost one killed and several wounded ; 
 the Federals only one killed. Forty-seven heavy guns were 
 taken with the fort, 40,0x30 pounds of gunpowder, large 
 quantities of fixed ammunition and commissary stores, and 
 300 prisoners. Who does not remember watching that mag 
 nificent bombardment from the bank in front of our camp 
 on Dawfuskie Island ? It was a grand spectacle, which 
 never can be forgotten by any one who witnessed it. It 
 demonstrated forever that brick walls could no longer with 
 stand the projectiles of modern artillery. It lifted the name 
 
38 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 of Captain Gillmore into renown. He was promoted to be 
 Brigadier-General of Volunteers. To say that the Confed 
 erates were dumbfounded at their defeat is to speak mildly. 
 I quote from the historical sketch of the (rebel) " Chatham 
 Artillery:" " Not for a moment was it believed that the 
 walls could be breached or the fort rendered untenable by 
 any fire which might be brought to bear from guns located 
 on Tybee Island. This opinion was freely expressed by 
 General Robert E. Lee, and by other officers, whose judg 
 ment. and experience inspired confidence. Such an achieve 
 ment had never in the history of artillery been accomplished 
 by breaching batteries. Novel results, however, were soon 
 to be attained with the aid of rifle-guns and conical shot 
 and percussion shells, for the anticipation of which the mili 
 tary mind had not been prepared by the accepted lessons 
 of former days." That reflection upon their defeat was at 
 least philosophical. For the next month we remained 
 quietly in our camp on Dawfuskie Island, resting after the 
 severe toils on the mud-islands. Many of the men were ill 
 with malarial fevers, contracted during their exposure on the 
 marshes, but the most of them recovered in the balmy air 
 of the spring-time. 
 
 Not a few will remember kindly the four lady-nurses, 
 whose names have already been mentioned, who nursed them 
 in the hospital on Dawfuskie, and whose connection with 
 our regiment ceased from that time. Rattlesnakes abounded 
 on the island. Some of the boys notably Bugler Anthony 
 Schellings found pleasure in hunting for them ; the writer 
 did not. It was here that Hospital Steward Fisher had his 
 adventure with the goat. The goat had become a regi 
 mental pet, and was facetiously called a member of the 
 Colonel s " staff," as he always presented himself on dress- 
 parade, and took his position near the Colonel. One day 
 Mr. Fisher held a $10 greenback in his hand and shook it 
 towards the goat, saying, " Wouldn t you like to have that, 
 Billy?" The goat opened his mouth, made one jump, and 
 caught the greenback before Fisher could rescue it, and 
 
PORT ROYAL FERRY TO FORT PULASKL 39 
 
 instantly swallowed it. The Hospital Steward tried to per 
 suade the Colonel to permit him to rip the goat open ; but 
 that was not to be the fate of Billy : he was destined, years 
 afterward, to make a tough meal for the regiment known as 
 the " Lost Children," who are believed to have stolen and 
 eaten him. Our mails came regularly to the camp on Daw- 
 fuskie, and the papers from the North were eagerly read, 
 and many an argument ensued concerning the merits and 
 dements of the battles which our comrades in the Northern 
 and Western armies were fighting. The officers in their 
 tents told each other how they would have conducted the 
 Campaigns; and the privates round their camp-fires eagerly 
 read the news, and often wished that they were participants 
 in the battles. The writer remembers when the papers 
 arrived which described the first day s fight at Pittsburg 
 Landing. General Grant was greatly blamed for permitting 
 himself to be surprised (as it was supposed) by a superior 
 force, with the river in his rear and Buell s army a long dis 
 tance from him. Not until the next mail arrived did we 
 learn of the great victory that he really had won, and a 
 remark 6f Colonel Perry s, as he laid down the paper, is re 
 called. He said, " If I were the Secretary of War I would 
 dismiss that man Grant for such incompetency." Little did 
 he then know what a catastrophe to the Republic it would 
 have been if his hasty judgment had been carried out. We 
 received our pay every two months in those days at first 
 in gold, but soon and always afterwards in greenbacks. The 
 sutler s tent was convenient, and he got the most of our 
 money. It recalls an effusion of a South Carolina darkey : 
 
 " Big bee sucks de blossom, 
 
 Little bee makes de honey ; 
 Colored people grows de cotton, 
 White people gets de money." 
 
 By substituting "private soldiers" for "colored people" 
 and the " sutler" for " white people," that doggerel will ap 
 ply very well to our experience in those days. Early in the 
 
40 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 month of May most of the troops who had been with us 
 on Dawfuskie Island were withdrawn. The Sixth Connec 
 ticut and Twenty-eighth Massachusetts, which had encamped 
 near us, left. Finally, on the 23d of May, we received 
 orders to proceed to Fort Pulaski, to do garrison duty there. 
 Our officers felt greatly indignant at that order. It was like 
 putting them in prison to shut them up within the walls of 
 the fort. There was, however, no alternative but for us to 
 go. As a matter of fact, the authorities at Washington did 
 not seem to require much to be done in our Department, but 
 were satisfied that we should hold the sea-islands and occa 
 sionally worry the enemy in a little skirmish ; and perhaps 
 it was as well for us to be in Fort Pulaski as to be anywhere 
 else. On May 25th we left Dawfuskie on the steamer 
 Mattano for the fort, leaving behind, however, companies E 
 and B, under Captain Coan, for picket-duty on the island. 
 They rejoined us the last day of the month. We relieved 
 the Seventh Connecticut, then commanded by Colonel A. 
 H. Terry (the Lieutenant-Colonel was Joseph R. Hawley), 
 in the garrison of Fort Pulaski. Then began our long 
 period of inactivity, for we were destined to remain, as that 
 garrison, a year. 
 
CHAPTER IV. 
 Fort Pulaski June i, 1862, to May 31, 1863. 
 
 The Fort In Garrison Fatigue Duty Quarters in the Casemates The 
 Fort Revisited in 1884 Drill Wreck of the Sutler s Schooner Death 
 of Colonel Perry Colonel Barton Succeeds to the Command Captain 
 Knowles Resigns Expedition to Bluffton General Mitchel Succeeds 
 General Hunter Visit and Address from General Mitchel His Death 
 Chaplain Strickland Pocotaligo and Coosavvhatchie Coosawhatchie 
 Revisited Report of Colonel Barton Sports at Fort Pulaski The 
 Theatre The " Barton Dramatic Association"" Talking in the Ranks" 
 Order of Major Beard Thanksgiving Day, 1862 Lieutenant-Colonel 
 Beard Resigns Chaplain Strickland Resigns Flags of Truce Colored 
 Regiments Lieutenant Corvvin Promoted Capture of Steamer General 
 Lee Tybee A Mammoth Sea-Turtle The Blockade-runner Sadowa 
 Life in the Fort the Ladies The Musicians. 
 
 I7ORT PULASKI is situated on Cockspur Island, a 
 marshy island about a mile in length and half a mile 
 wide, at the mouth of the Savannah River and at the head 
 of Tybee Roads. It was a brick work of five faces, includ 
 ing the gorge, casemated on all sides with walls fy feet thick 
 and rising 25 feet above high-water. It mounted one tier of 
 guns in embrasure and one en barbette. The gorge was 
 covered by -an earthenwork " demilune" of bold relief ; both 
 the main work and the demilune were surrounded and 
 divided by a moat, 48 feet in width around the main work, 
 32 around the demilune. Two drawbridges over the moats 
 and a low sally-port formed the communication with the ex 
 terior. A full armament for the work was 140 guns.* 
 When we entered it June I, 1862, everything was in great 
 confusion : the breach made by Gillmore s guns yawned in 
 its side, and the masonry was everywhere broken. For many 
 
 * See General Gillmore s Report. 
 
42 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 a weary week the daily details for fatigue-duty worked away 
 at repairing the fort. The brick walls rose again at the 
 breach, the terre-plein was levelled to make a drill-ground ; 
 the companies were quartered in the casemates, the men 
 erecting bunks for themselves by the side of the cannon. 
 The rebuilding of the fort was a long and tedious task, 
 onerous and distasteful to soldiers ; nevertheless it was at 
 last completed, and Fort Pulaski was put in better shape 
 than it had been for years. The guns were remounted, both 
 in casemates and on the parapet ; one company of the Third 
 Rhode Island Artillery under Captain Gould, a detachment 
 of Serrell s Engineers, and the Forty-eighth Regiment com- 
 
 FORT PULASKI. 
 
 prised the entire garrison. Our men were drilled at the 
 guns, and became at last efficient as artillerists as well as in 
 the drill of infantry. The officers casemates of course were 
 better than those of the enlisted men, but even there there 
 was a great scarcity of furniture. A steam-condenser was 
 procured, and the water for the garrison was condensed from 
 the moat. The old boilers are there still (1884), rusted and 
 useless, and the great moats are filled with mud and grown 
 up with rushes. A signal station was erected on the para 
 pet, and we were in communication by signal with Brad- 
 dock s Point ; later a submarine telegraph-cable was laid to 
 the fort. Two or three times a week a little steamer made 
 the trip to Hilton Head, bringing mails and stores with 
 regularity. No sutler was allowed in the fort, and many of 
 the boys turned tradesmen. Who will not recall Jackson as 
 
FORT PULASKI. 43 
 
 he used to pass through the casemates calling out " Borden s 
 condensed milk" ? The regiment was drilled to the greatest 
 efficiency. Guns were polished in those days, and scales 
 must shine and gloves be worn on parade; and the writer 
 does not remember to have seen even a crack regiment of 
 militia or any other body of soldiers whose evolutions sur 
 passed those of the Forty-eighth when at drill in Fort Pu- 
 laski. But our quarters on the island were circumscribed. 
 The horses of the field-officers were of little use ; occasionally 
 they were exercised from the north to the south dock and 
 around the little dikes on the island. We were a thou 
 sand men, living in narrow quarters. Under that confine 
 ment Colonel Perry pined ; more and more he ceased to 
 take exercise, and sometimes for days would not even ap 
 pear upon parade. 
 
 On the i6th and i/th of June a terrible storm broke on 
 the coast. In the height of it a sutler s schooner came 
 ashore on Cockspur Island. She was laden with stores, and 
 with many cases of liquors and barrels of wine and beer. The 
 crew was rescued with difficulty by some of our boys ; but 
 when the liquor came ashore at the breaking-up of the 
 wreck the opportunity for a great spree was more than the 
 men could withstand, and many of " Perry s Saints" " fell 
 from grace." Colonel Perry was greatly mortified at their 
 behavior, and who will not recall the way in which he 
 walked through our quarters in the casemates that day? 
 He was held in such respect that there was no private sol 
 dier, however intoxicated, who was able to recognize him, who 
 did not rise up to salute him, and all disorder ceased every 
 where around the casemates at his approach. Two days 
 afterward, early in the afternoon of June 18, 1862, while in 
 his quarters, he was stricken with apoplexy, and, without 
 speaking a word, died. A great sadness fell upon the 
 regiment, who mourned him as if he had been their father. 
 He had taken great care of" his boys," and they had formed 
 a great love for him. Often in the early morning he was 
 found going around among the cooks, tasting the coffee, 
 
MONUMENT TO COLONEL PERRY 
 
FORT PULASKI. 45, 
 
 and ascertaining for himself the quality of the rations that 
 were to be distributed to the men. His death was a calam 
 ity to his regiment as it was an affliction to his friends and a 
 loss to his country. High hopes had been entertained of 
 him ; he possessed such fine qualities of mind, that many who 
 were partial to him anticipated a great career for him in the 
 army. His majestic bearing, his noble face, who can ever 
 forget ? But he never had " a fair field " in the war. It 
 was his misfortune, 1st, to lack that political acquaintance 
 and influence which was necessary to gain position at the 
 outbreak of the rebellion ; 2d, to be assigned to a depart 
 ment where nothing of moment was done ; and, 3d, to have 
 engendered the envy of his immediate military superiors. 
 He was a man of nobler bearing and finer attainments than 
 any of them. His clerical profession also was against him 
 for it was reckoned, however untruthfully, that " parsons" 
 were not the men to fight. We buried him outside the fort, 
 the regiment firing a salute above his grave. But his re 
 mains were afterwards removed to Cypress Hills Cemetery, 
 Brooklyn, L. I., where a noble monument of granite has 
 now been erected to his memory by the comrades of the 
 James H. Perry Post, G. A. R., the survivors of his regi 
 ment, and a generous donation from the Hanson Place 
 Methodist Episcopal Church of Brooklyn. Lieutenant- 
 Colonel William B. Barton succeeded to the Colonelcy ; 
 Major Beard was promoted to be Lieutenant-Colonel, and 
 Captain James M. Green, of Company F to Major. Captain 
 Knowles of Company D, to whom we are indebted for the 
 account of the work on Jones Island, broken in health by 
 exposure, resigned his commission in July, Lieutenant Pax- 
 son became Captain of the " Die-no-mores/ On August 
 29th Captain Travis of Company C resigned. Other 
 changes occurred among the officers of the regiment at this 
 time, which can be ascertained by referring to the rolls of 
 the companies in this volume. So the long hot summer 
 passed ; yet it was often cool in the casemates, especially at 
 night. But the mosquitoes and sand-flies were the greatest 
 
46 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 nuisance. Life in the garrison was a monotonous routine, 
 the events of one day being repeated the next day and 
 every day, and the diaries which we have examined contain 
 little of interest except in what was personal to the writers. 
 We made two expeditions that summer and fall to Bluff- 
 ton, " on the main," a summer resort of the planters, from 
 the sea-coast islands, destroying the salt-works in the 
 neighborhood, and " confiscating" a piano and such furni 
 ture as could be brought away for the officers quarters in 
 the fort. The second expedition burned about two thirds 
 of the town by command of General Hunter, in retalia- 
 
 HEADQUARTERS OF GENERALS HUNTER AND MITCHEL. 
 
 tion for certain unwarlike depredations by the enemy. The 
 spoliation of Bluffton formed the ground of an indignant 
 protest by General Beauregard to General Gillmore a year 
 later, and certain of us lived to be threatened with punish 
 ment for that deed, when we were in Beauregard s power as 
 prisoners of war.* 
 
 On October 18, 1862, on returning from an expedition up 
 May River, we lost four wounded from the enemy s firing 
 into us, and one of the wounded men, Corporal George 
 Durand of Company B, died the following day. He was 
 the first man of the regiment to fall at the hands of the 
 
 *See " Military Operations of General Beauregard," vol. ii. p. 483. 
 
FORT PULASKI. 47 
 
 enemy. On September 16, 1862, Major-General O. M. 
 Mitchel arrived at Hilton Head, and assumed command of 
 the Department of the South, relieving Major-General David 
 Hunter. General Mitchel had been famed in civil life as an 
 astronomer, and in military life in the West for " doing 
 things." We now anticipated more active service under 
 his command. He visited us at Fort Pulaski, and highly 
 complimented our drill. He made us a brief address on the 
 terre-plein, a report of which (found in The New South of 
 September 20, 1862) is appended : 
 
 "SOLDIERS OF THE FORTY-EIGHTH . It gives me great pleasure to 
 meet you here inside of this fortress : a fortress recovered by your own 
 prowess from the enemy; a fortress you now hold; a fortress planned 
 by the Government of the United States and built by it, but which had 
 been seized by the rebels. Those rebels you have dispossessed ; those 
 rebels you have compelled to lower their flag before you, and those 
 rebels you have been instrumental in defeating and capturing. I need 
 not say to you understanding the nature of this war and all its ob 
 jects what you are expected to do. You are too intelligent ; you 
 think too much ; you are volunteers, and as volunteers you understand 
 your duty and the responsibilities devolved upon you. I am here a 
 stranger to you ; but I trust not entirely a stranger in name, although 
 this probably is the first time you have had the opportunity of looking 
 upon my face and form. I am here to say that we have an immense 
 work to perform. I am just from the North, where, having conversed 
 and associated with the thinking men of the country, I am satisfied 
 that the work before us is the most stupendous, the most arduous, 
 that has ever been attempted ; and it is a work in which we never can 
 be successful unless we enter upon it with a firm determination never 
 to succumb. I believe that we are fighting the battle of Human Lib 
 erty, not for this country alone, but for the whole world. I believe 
 that the despotisms of the Old World would say, if this Great Repub 
 lic were rent in twain, that it was an absolute fallacy to believe that 
 man can govern himself, and that the interests of the governing class 
 and of the people were so radically diverse as to render all attempts 
 at Republican government failures. If we permit the iron heel of the 
 Southern aristocracy to crush us, I undertake to say before you all, 
 that the last hope of Humanity v/ill die out forever. All lovers of 
 humanity are looking upon us with anxiety. Responsibilities are de 
 volving upon us, greater than have ever before devolved upon any 
 people on the earth. The responsibilities of the French Revolution 
 
48 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 were nothing compared to those under which we labor. That was a 
 contest against oppression, an uprising of the people against tyranny. 
 But this is a contest for human freedom a contest for the absolute 
 supremacy of the people ; it is a contest in which is arrayed absolute 
 liberty on the one hand, and on the other the most hateful and abom 
 inable aristocracy. And now the grand question is this : Are we to 
 meet with success or not ? We cannot meet with success unless the 
 soldier enjoys the confidence of his officers, and the officers that of 
 the soldier. Now, I am an old soldier so old, that thirty years ago 
 I was stationed in the regular army at St. Augustine ; and though at 
 that time I had not the slightest idea of reaching the official rank I 
 
 GENERAL MITCHEL. 
 
 now hold, yet I am now the commanding officer of this Department 
 I have been in the field, and I understand it perfectly. I have fought 
 the enemy through four hundred miles of territory, and never knew 
 what it was to be checked or turned back. [Loud cheers and cries of 
 Good, That s the talk, etc.] I will tell you of another trait of 
 my character. I am very restless. I don t know how to be still. If 
 you were to confine me within a fortress, or upon one of these islands, 
 I should feel as though I were in a penitentiary. I don t know what 
 the object of the Government was in sending me here; but it is the 
 duty of a good soldier to obey orders, without waiting for words of 
 explanation, and as a good soldier I obeyed. I was told that I would 
 receive instructions here instructions which had been given my pre 
 decessor and would answer for my guidance. I find that those in 
 structions permit me to do pretty much as I please ; and I shall en- 
 
FORT PULASKI. 49 
 
 deavor to do the best I can. I assure you of this : that I will omit no 
 opportunity of giving you active employment. You shall have no 
 time for sighing and lamenting over your inactivity if we can find any 
 thing to do. Be assured that if I can use you, no opportunity will 
 escape for active duty if you are ready for the field. [Prolonged ap 
 plause, with cries of * We re ready, etc.] 
 
 " Now a perfect confidence between the officers and their command 
 ing-officer between the soldiers and their commanding-general is- 
 necessary for success. I am delighted with the appearance of this 
 regiment. I don t want any better-looking regiment. You all look 
 like good soldiers and a good soldier I love. I could get off my 
 horse and take him to my arms. But a mean soldier I contemn 
 and despise. Now, a good soldier knows his duty, and loves his 
 duty, and performs his duty because it is his duty. He obeys an 
 order because it is given him. He treats his military superior 
 with deference because it is his duty. He knows that as a good 
 soldier he must show that military deference to every officer. If this 
 military deference can be mingled with personal respect for your 
 superiors, so much the better; but the two are not to be confounded, 
 nor is one to be mistaken for the other. A good soldier, when he lies 
 down at night, conscious of having performed his duty perfectly, don t 
 care whether he gets up alive or dead. [Cachinnations along the line.] 
 I want you to understand that you have made a free-will offering of 
 yourselves to your country and to the great cause of human liberty. 
 Your lives are not your own. My life is not- my own. A good soldier 
 should be ever striving to better himself. A private should struggle 
 for a place among the non-commissioned officers. Having attained 
 this, he should never be satisfied till he is a lieutenant; and a lieu 
 tenant is good for nothing unless he strives to be a captain. Once 
 made a captain, he should aim to command a regiment, and by faith 
 ful, earnest service to fit himself for the position of a brigadier. Then 
 let him press steadily forward, until the whole country shall take him 
 up, and say, Make that man a major-general, and give him an army 
 corps. But let him stop there. We don t need a commander-in-chief. 
 
 " We want many armies. A grand, magnificent army is a glorious 
 sight the most glorious that the sun ever shone upon. Anybody can 
 become a drilled soldier, and every officer can make drilled soldiers ; 
 but then the next thing is to inspire them with a proper determination 
 to die, if need be, in the performance of their duty. When this is 
 done, an army corps is a soldier himself, instinct with life, and vigor, 
 and determination. Then the commanding officer must have the 
 wisdom, the discretion, and the force to compel victory to perch upon 
 his banner. Your fortunes are to a certain extent in my keeping. 
 4 
 
50 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 Rest assured that day and night I shall think of you ; day and night I 
 : shall care for you, and your interests shall be in my thoughts. Rest 
 assured that I shall endeavor to see that you get from the Government 
 -all that it has promised you, punctually and systematically. In return, 
 I shall expect from you the most complete and perfect service, the 
 most absolute devotion. When I order you to move, I shall expect 
 you to go forward with spirit and alacrity. When I ask you to attack 
 yonder battery, I shall expect you to march over it, and to plant your 
 bayonets beyond it, halting when the word is given not before. Now, 
 boys, we understand each other." 
 
 The report adds that 
 
 " The General concluded his address amid the most enthusiastic 
 cheers, after which the regiment was dismissed. Subsequently the 
 casemates were visited, and an inspection was made of the quarters 
 and of the well-ordered hospital under the charge of Dr. Mulford, 
 With all that he saw the General expressed his gratification, and in 
 private conversation complimented the Forty-eighth even more warm 
 ly than in his public speech. A dinner at the quarters of Colonel 
 Barton, attended by sweet music from the regimental band, and a 
 personal introduction to the officers of the regiment, were the final 
 features of the visit of General Mitchel to Pulaski." 
 
 Our new commander at once planned an advance, having 
 as its final object the capture of Charleston, but initiated 
 by an expedition to destroy the Charleston and Savannah 
 Railroad in the vicinity of Pocotaligo and Coosawhatchie. 
 Before the expedition was ready to start, however, General 
 Mitchel was taken down with yellow-fever. He was re 
 moved from Hilton Head to the more healthful locality of 
 Beaufort ; and there, in the parlors of a fine mansion in that 
 deserted town, on the 3<Dth of October, he died. While he 
 was ill a request came to Fort Pulaski that Chaplain Strick 
 land of the Forty-eighth should visit him. To visit a man 
 sick with yellow-fever was not a coveted duty in those days, 
 and a consultation was held in the fort as to whether the 
 chaplain ought to go. The noble man cut it short by say 
 ing, " If I knew I would get my death, I would go ;" and 
 he did go, and took with him to the bedside of the dying 
 
. t FORT PULASKI. 51 
 
 soldier such comforts as a faithful Christian minister can 
 render. Happily he escaped the disease ; perhaps God cares 
 for His workmen when they are at His work. Chaplain 
 Strickland was not destined to die till twenty-two years 
 afterward, in July, 1884, at Ocean Grove, N. J., when it 
 was the writer s privilege to speak at his funeral. 
 
 General Brannan, who was next in command to General 
 MitcheJ, perfected the arrangements for the expedition 
 during the commanding-general s sickness. He gathered 
 an effective force of between four and five thousand men, 
 on transports, and, accompanied by gunboats, moved up 
 
 THE PLANTER. 
 
 the Broad River and Bee s Creek, and, landing his forces at 
 Mackey s Point, pushed on some miles in the direction of 
 Pocotaligo. A detachment of three hundred men of the 
 Forty-eighth Regiment and fifty of the Third Rhode Island 
 Artillery had embarked at Fort Pulaski on the steamer 
 Planter, on the 2ist, under Colonel Barton, and accompanied 
 the expedition. We did not land, however, with the main 
 body of troops at Mackey s Point, but proceeded farther up 
 the river for the purpose of cutting the railroad some miles 
 south of Pocotaligo, and hindering the arrival of reinforce 
 ments from Savannah. 
 
 We were accompanied up the Coosawhatchie River by 
 the gunboats Patroon and Uncas [or Marble/lead^, until 
 
52 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y, S. VOLS. 
 
 they got aground, and then we went on alone. The Planter 
 (the famous boat which had been run out of Charleston 
 Harbor by its colored pilot, Robert Small) carried an arma 
 ment of four guns, and they would be some protection. 
 We also got aground at Dawson s Plantation, and Colonel 
 Barton ordered us ashore and marched us straight towards 
 the railroad. We advanced up the narrow road through a 
 dense forest for some two miles toward the village of 
 Coosawhatchie. Just as we reached an open space near 
 the village we heard the whistle of an engine. The men 
 were quickly deployed along the bank of the railroad- 
 Company H, who were in advance as skirmishers, on the 
 left and were hidden by the underbrush. The train came 
 thundering by, a long train, mostly of platform-cars, 
 heavily loaded with Confederate soldiers on their way to rein 
 force General W. S. Walker at Pocotaligo. We were certainly 
 not more than ten yards from the track when the train 
 came by. At a given order we rose and fired. Some of the 
 boys had brought along a little howitzer, which they aimed 
 at the boiler of the engine. It was a terrible and unex 
 pected volley which we fired into them. Their commander, 
 Major Harrison, was killed, and some seventy of them were 
 killed and wounded. The rest jumped from the platform- 
 cars to the ground on the other side of the track with the 
 greatest agility. We captured some prisoners, and one of 
 their flags and some small-arms. The flag belonged to the 
 " Whippy Swamp Guards." 
 
 The writer has always felt that our firing into that train 
 was a cruel ambuscade. But such are the practices of war. 
 The conductor of the train on that railroad (by which we 
 visited Coosawhatchie again in the spring of 84) told us 
 that that engine, bearing still the bullet-marks of that day, 
 was yet in use upon the road. Coosawhatchie is now a 
 quiet, sleepy little village, and there is nothing but the ruins 
 of a fortification at the railroad crossing to indicate that 
 that was in any sense an historic spot. 
 
 We were followed back to our boat, to which we retreated 
 
FORT PULASKI. 53 
 
 through the woods, by a few cavalry, Their parting volley 
 severely wounded Lieutenant Blanding of the Third Rhode 
 Island Artillery, who had accompanied us. Our forces at 
 Pocotaligo were repulsed with great loss. We had succeed 
 ed, however, in destroying the railroad and the telegraph 
 lines, and the three hundred men of the Forty-eighth under 
 Colonel Barton had won the only success of our arms on 
 that day, and had possibly saved the forces of General 
 Brannan from destruction. Chaplain Strickland was greatly 
 indignant at the order to retreat. He insisted that we 
 should have marched straight on upon the " Confederacy," 
 his zeal being greater than his discretion. As a matter of 
 fact, only a quick retreat to our boat, before the enemy 
 could rally from their discomfiture, and come in behind 
 us on a cross-road, saved us all from being captured. We 
 returned to Fort Piilaski feeling that we had won a very 
 "little" victory. I append entire Colonel Barton s report of 
 the affair: 
 
 " HEADQUARTERS U. S. FORCES, ON THE SAVANNAH RIVER, ) 
 FORT PULASKI, GA., October 23, 1862. [ 
 
 "CAPTAIN: I have the honor to report my share in the recent 
 operations against the Charleston and Savannah Railroad. In accord 
 ance with orders from General Mitchel, received on the evening of the 
 2oth inst., I left this Post at eight o clock A.M. on the 2ist inst., with 
 three hundred men of the Forty-eighth New York Volunteers and 
 fifty men of Third Rhode Island Artillery (the latter under command 
 of Captain John H. Gould), with three days cooked and seven days 
 uncooked rations, on board the armed transport Planter. 
 
 " On arriving at Hilton Head I received instructions as to my num 
 ber in the line of the fleet, and also directions to report to Brigadier- 
 General Brannan, who commanded the expedition on reaching Mackey s 
 Point, for further orders. Soon after daylight on the morning of the 
 22d, I reported to General Brannan on board the Ben Deford, and was 
 directed by him to proceed with my command up the Coosawhatchie 
 River as near to the town of that name as I might deem practicable ; 
 and disembarking under cover of the gun-boats, which were to accom 
 pany me, to move toward the town and, if possible, reach the Charles 
 ton and Savannah Railroad, and destroy it at that point, and the 
 bridge on it over the Coosawhatchie River. 
 
54 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 " I was fully instructed, however, not to hazard too much in order 
 to accomplish the above ; but, if opposed by a force at all superior, to 
 fall back under cover of the fleet. There was some delay in starting, 
 arising from the gun-boats being well to the rear, which I improved in 
 borrowing from Commander Steedman, on board the flag-ship Paul 
 Jones, a twelve-pound dahlgren boat-howitzer and fifty-two rounds of 
 ammunition, which proved of great service to me, and for which I 
 desire to return my thanks. I was also furnished, by General Bran- 
 nan s order, with fifty men from the New York Volunteer Engineers, 
 under command of Captain Eaton, provided with the necessary im 
 plements for cutting the railroad, etc. 
 
 "We were soon under way, arid had proceeded some three miles up 
 the river when the gun-boats turned around and went back, in com 
 pliance, as I was informed, with an order from the flag-ship. I how 
 ever continued on my course in the Planter, meanwhile signalling to 
 the flag-officer for at least one gun-boat, in reply to which he kindly 
 sent two, viz., the Patroon and the Marblehead, which followed 
 after the lapse of a few minutes. The river at this point was very 
 narrow and winding, but the water in most places was over twelve feet 
 in depth at low-tide. I found no difficulty, therefore, in reaching a 
 point two miles distant from Coosawhatchie ; but, it now being almost 
 dead low-tide, further progress by water was rendered impossible by 
 the Planter running aground. Throwing a few shells in the woods, I 
 disembarked with my infantry and engineers as expeditiously as pos 
 sible, taking with me the boat-howitzer (referred to above), in charge 
 of Captain Gould, Third Rhode Island Artillery, and a detachment of 
 twelve of his men. The swampy nature of the ground rendered land 
 ing difficult; but, losing no time, I advanced towards the main road, 
 sending a request to the officer in command of the Patroon the gun 
 boat nearest me, and about one mile and a half astern to cover the 
 road in my rear as I advanced. I should state here that both the 
 gun-boats were unfortunately aground, and were thus prevented from 
 taking a position nearer to the Planter. 
 
 " My advance reported squads of cavalry in sight as the main body 
 entered the road, which it did at right angle to the point of disem 
 barkation. Tfre road proved to be an excellent one hard and firm, 
 and evidently repaired but an hour or two before, the dirt being still 
 fresh, and the tracks upon it showed plainly that artillery, infantry, 
 and cavalry had just passed over it. I continued my advance toward 
 the town, driving in the enemy s pickets and skirmishing the country 
 as thoroughly as possible, when about one mile from the village the 
 whistle of a locomotive was heard. I was informed by the contra 
 band/ who had been furnished as a guide, that it was the dirt train 
 
FORT PULASKI. 55 
 
 which always passed at that hour, and which, he said, was well on its 
 way to Savannah. A few moments, however, proved that he had mis 
 informed me ; for when the main body had arrived at a point within a 
 few hundred yards of the town, and when the skirmishers had already 
 reached the railroad track and telegraph line, the train was heard and 
 seen coming rapidly down the road. I quickly placed my battalion in 
 position, and, as the train approached, I directed a heavy and rapid 
 fire upon it with grape and canister and musketry. This fire was very 
 destructive. The train consisted of eight cars, six of which were plat 
 forms crowded with men, the two box-cars filled with officers. There 
 were also two light field-pieces on board. Many were seen to fall at 
 the first fire (among them the engineer), and twenty-five or thirty 
 jumped from the train, most of whom were maimed or killed, the 
 rest, with one exception, betaking themselves to the woods and 
 swamp on the other side of the track. We carried away or destroyed 
 here about thirty stands of arms, mostly rifles, and secured one of 
 ficer s sword and cap and a stand of silk colors belonging to the 
 Whippy Swamp Guards. We left a number of the enemy s dead 
 and wounded on the track. I have since learned, from the Savannah 
 papers of the 24th and 25th, that among the killed at this point was 
 Major Harrison of the Eleventh Georgia Regiment, which regiment, 
 with the guards named above, was on the train. Immediately after 
 the train had passed, Captain Eaton, by my direction, set vigorously 
 to work tearing up the railroad track and demolishing the telegraph 
 line, and continued this until the retreat was sounded. After this 
 occurrence I concluded if possible to push rapidly into the town and 
 attack the troops while in the confusion of disembarking, and marched 
 forward for that purpose. I had proceeded but a short distance, how 
 ever, before I came in full view of the enemy s forces, advantageously 
 posted on the other side of the public-road bridge, between that and 
 the railroad bridge ; they were flanked on their left by the river, and 
 on the right by a thick swamp, with three pieces of artillery com 
 manding the bridge. They immediately opened fire upon us with 
 their artillery and infantry ; fortunately, however, for us, firing too 
 high. I fired a few rounds in return, when, as it was now nearly night, 
 and the enemy s reinforcements above were double my entire force, I 
 marched slowly back to my boats. During my retreat the skirmish 
 ers frequently observed and encountered small bodies of the enemy s 
 cavalry, who were, however, easily driven off. I directed Captain 
 Eaton of the engineers to destroy the bridges on the road in my rear, 
 which he did thoroughly, thus in a measure hindering the pursuit. 
 The enemy, however, made his appearance and attacked us with infan 
 try and artillery three several times during our embarkation, but on 
 
56 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 each instance we drove them off with serious loss, as they were direct 
 ly under the guns of the Planter and Patroon. 
 
 " As soon as the steamer again floated we returned to Mackey s 
 Point, by order of General Brannan, and thence, byway of Hilton 
 Head, to this Post. 
 
 " I regret to report that, during the last attack of the enemy, Lieu 
 tenant J. B. Blanding, Third Rhode Island Artillery, at that time in 
 charge of the Planter s guns, was dangerously wounded in the left 
 arm and side; he is now, however, doing well. This was the only 
 casualty on our side during the day. 
 
 " It affords me great pleasure to state that every officer and man of 
 my command behaved, during the entire day, in the most commend 
 able manner, evincing only a desire to meet the enemy, and regret at 
 the necessity of retreat. 
 
 " Major Green, Acting Lieutenant-Colonel Forty-eighth New York 
 Volunteers, and Captain Strickland, Acting Major do., were especially 
 useful. 
 
 " Captain Gould, Third Rhode Island Artillery, also rendered me 
 most efficient service, as did also Captain Eaton, Serrels Volunteer 
 Engineers, all of whom displayed the utmost zeal, energy, and ability 
 in all they were called upon to perform. 
 
 " I have the honor to be, Captain, very respectfully, your obedient 
 servant, 
 
 "W. B. BARTON, 
 
 " Colonel Forty-eighth New York State Volunteers, 
 
 Commanding Post. 
 
 " CAPTAIN LAMBERT, Assistant Adjutant- General" 
 
 Many personal adventures might be added, while we re 
 mained in Fort Pulaski, did space permit. For instance, 
 the unique experience of a boat s crew of five men, under 
 the command of Lieutenant Perry, who on September 27, 
 1862, were sent up the river with dispatches under a flag of 
 truce, and who undertook to row past the pickets and take 
 a look at the rebel ram that was being built at Savannah. 
 The fire from the rifles of the pickets did not stop them, 
 but a shot from Fort Jackson did. They were held as 
 prisoners for three days, and then they were let go. Foley, 
 who was one of the crew, and who has told the writer of the 
 adventure, says that the reason the rebels let them go, he 
 suspects, was because they were such a " lively crowd." They 
 
FORT PULASKL 57 
 
 did not esteem themselves as the most " shining lights" of 
 " Perry s Saints." Their names were: Lieutenant Perry; 
 Privates Luyster of Company H, Smith of C, McGinniss 
 and Foley of F, and Moon of D. 
 
 General Hunter again assumed command of the De 
 partment after the lamented death of General Mitchel, and 
 life at Fort Pulaski resumed with us its monotony. Our 
 duties were all routine. Many sports, however, were en 
 gaged in to while away the time, and all will recall the fish 
 ing for sheep s-head, the duck-shooting in Calabogue Sound, 
 the rowing, base-ball, and other sports. Our baseball nine 
 was a fine success. In games with picked nines from other 
 regiments it generally won the laurels. In a game with the 
 nine of the Forty-seventh New York, played at Fort Pulaski, 
 January 3, 1863, it won by a score of twenty to seven. But 
 the great source of amusement was the theatre. It may be 
 doubted if anything (in that line) was as fine in the war as 
 the three theatres which were erected respectively at Fort 
 Pulaski, Ga., at St. Augustine, Fla., and at Hilton Head, 
 S. C., by the Forty-eighth Regiment, where entertainments 
 of a not unpretentious class were given by the actors and 
 actresses of the " Barton Dramatic Association." It so hap 
 pened that there were in the Forty-eighth several profes 
 sional actors, and especially one scenic artist. Major Barrett, 
 who was its president, has furnished from memory a list of 
 the members of the Association, and a sketch of its career : 
 
 James A. Barrett, President. 
 
 Robert Dixon, Stage Manager and Tragedy. 
 
 James White, Heavy Tragedy. 
 
 C. L. Harrison, Scenic Artist and Costumer. 
 
 A. J. DeHaven, Property Man and Comedian. 
 
 William H. Owen, James Barnes, Joseph Murphy, John Dupree, 
 Comedy and Song. 
 
 E. J. Barney, Thomas B. Wood, James S. Wyckoff, J. L. Michaels, 
 Walking Gentlemen. 
 
 Lewis W. Burr, Abraham J. Palmer, Leading Ladies. 
 
 Vitruvious Witcomb, Old Lady. 
 
 N. W. Pease, John Stewart, Chambermaids. 
 
 The Regimental Band, Orchestra. 
 
58 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. F. S. VOLS. 
 
 Colonel Barton gave us permission to use an out-building, 
 25x70, for the purpose, and detailed all the mechanics that 
 were needed to do the work ; and in a very short time, con 
 sidering their facilities, they had erected a very well-equipped 
 and attractive little theatre near the north dock, with a stage 
 at one end, private boxes, orchestra, side-scenes (parlor, 
 kitchen, and street), and a drop-curtain on which was painted 
 a picture of the bombardment of the fort. They sent to 
 New York for canvas, paint, costumes, lamps, a printing- 
 press, and books of plays, and improvised a chandelier and 
 foot-lights out of old tin-cans. The theatre seated about 
 one hundred persons. On the opening night an address 
 was delivered by Corporal Michaels, followed by the farce 
 " Family Jars ;" that by " The Flea,"- by Owens of Company 
 H; then an exhibition of light balancing, by De Haven; then 
 the first act of the tragedy of Richard III.; a song by Dick- 
 son ; and the whole concluded with a tableau of Washing 
 ton s grave. It was a fine success. At first we played simple 
 comedy, such as " Box and Cox," " The Secret, or a Hole in 
 the Wall," " Rough Diamond," and the like ; but the dra 
 matic element soon asserted itself and ventured upon three 
 acts of "Othello," against the judgment of most of the officers, 
 who said that they did not care to hear such a piece " mur 
 dered." The company felt that their reputation was at 
 stake, but with White as Othello, Dickson as lago, Burr as 
 Desdemona, and Palmer as EmiHa, the play was pronounced 
 a great success by the few officers who had consented to 
 witness it, and a loud call was made for the production of 
 the whole play in five acts. .This was done and received 
 with great applause. From that time our reputation was 
 established, and the fame of the " Barton Dramatic Associa 
 tion" soon spread throughout the Department. Major Bar 
 rett writes, " Our two leading ladies were said to be the hand 
 somest women in the Department" The regular play-nights 
 were Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays ; but the fort soon 
 became a popular resort for visitors, and we were often called 
 on to give special entertainments for the benefit of guests. 
 
FORT PULASKI. 59. 
 
 On the night before the expedition started for Bluffton, the 
 writer played Trudgeon in the " Ghost on the Wall," and 
 captivating the heart of the captain of the transport on which 
 we embarked that night, shared his hospitality during the 
 expedition. In this way incidental benefits came to the 
 actors. 
 
 In June, 1863, we closed our little theatre, and in the raz/ 
 tragedy in which we participated on Morris Island, the 
 tragedies we played \vtrt soon forgotten. Subsequently the 
 fixtures of the theatre were transferred to St. Augustine, 
 Fla., when the remnant of the regiment was stationed 
 there after the fatal losses of Fort Wagner. At a later 
 period they built another theatre, 4OX 100, at Hilton Head, 
 where they played to crowded houses of citizens and soldiers, 
 until marching orders sent them once more to the front. 
 The " Barton Dramatic Association" has long been a story 
 of the past, but its memories are pleasant still to all who 
 participated in its pleasures. 
 
 Many amusing things occurred at Fort Pulaski, like the 
 adventure of Lieutenant Edwards of Company C (an ex 
 cellent officer but a strict disciplinarian), who had announced 
 to his company that while upon drill, under no circumstances 
 whatever should there be any talking in the ranks, and 
 threatened to punish the first man who should speak a word. 
 Then he proceeded with the drill of his company, giving his 
 orders, "forward," " guide right," "left wheel," and so on 
 until the company was facing the stairway that leads to the 
 parapet of the fort, in front of which was an old well, with 
 out any covering, and half-full of water, towards which the 
 lieutenant was walking backwards, saying " left," " left," 
 "left," until suddenly he reached the well and went into it. 
 When he succeeded in pulling himself out, thoroughly wet 
 and mad, he upbraided the company for not warning him of 
 his danger, and was reminded of his order not to speak under 
 any circumstance. He joined heartily in the joke after he 
 had changed his clothing. More ludicrous still was the un 
 happy wording of an order of Major Beard s, which was 
 
60 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 read at parade one night. Some member of the regiment 
 had recently died, and in announcing his death the Adjutant 
 read as follows: " The God of battles will give him a patriot s 
 reward, by order of O. T. Beard, Major Commanding" 
 
 But there never was a day of sport in the history of the re 
 giment to be compared with that of Thanksgiving Day, Nov. 
 27, 1862. Three steamboats loaded with guests, including 
 Generals Brannan and Terry, arrived from Hilton Head. 
 We had a sermon by the chaplain in the morning. There 
 was target-shooting, boat-racing, foot-racing, climbing of the 
 greased pole, catching of the greased pig, wheelbarrow races, 
 ludicrous efforts of negroes to pick a gold coin out of a tub 
 of flour with their teeth, sack-races, hurdle-races, and finally 
 .a grotesque dress-parade, and a great supper, and in every 
 .sense a high day. I append a copy of the programme: 
 
 PROGRAMME. 
 
 Divine Service at nine o clock A.M. The Entertainment to com- 
 imence with 
 
 I. TARGET PRACTICE. 
 
 Three competitors from each Company. Distance, 200 yards. Best 
 :string in three shots each. First prize gold medal, valued at $25. 
 .Second prize silver medal, valued at $15. Third prize bronze 
 .medal, valued at $10. 
 
 II. ROWING MATCH. 
 
 Distance, one mile around a stake-boat and return. First prize 
 -purse of $10. Second prize purse of $5. Third prize purse of $2.50. 
 
 III. FOOT-RACE. 
 
 Three times round terre-plein, and over twelve hurdles three feet 
 "high. First prize purse of $10. Second prize purse of $5. Third 
 prize purse of $2.50. 
 
 IV. HURDLE SACK-RACE. 
 
 One hundred yards and return ; over three hurdles fifty yards apart 
 and eighteen inches high. First prize purse of $10. Second prize 
 purse of $5. 
 
 V. WHEELBARROW RACE. 
 
 Competitors blindfolded, trundling a wheelbarrow once across 
 terre-plem. First prize purse of $10. Second prize purse of $5. 
 
FORT PULASKL 6 1 
 
 
 
 VI. MEAL FEAT. 
 
 Exclusively for Contrabands. Hands tied behind the back, and to- 
 seize with the teeth a $5 gold-piece dropped in a tub of meal. Six 
 competitors, to be allowed five minutes each to accomplish the feat. 
 Prize $5. 
 
 VII. GREASED POLE. 
 
 Pole to be fifteen feet high. Prize $10. 
 
 VIII. GREASED PIG. 
 
 To be seized and held by the tail. Three competitors from each 
 Company. Prize pig. 
 
 IX. BURLESQUE DRESS PARADE. 
 
 Each Company will be allowed to enter an equal number of com 
 petitors for each prize. 
 
 The usual Dress Parade of the Garrison will take place at 4.30 P.M. 
 Ball 8 P.M. Supper 12 P.M. Lunch at all hours. The Third Rhode 
 Island Minstrel Band will play at intervals during the evening. The 
 Band of the Forty-eighth New York Regiment will perform at inter 
 vals during the day and evening. [J51P A steamer will leave the 
 wharf at Hilton Head to convey guests to Fort Pulaski at nine o clock, 
 Thanksgiving morning. 
 
 A correspondent of the New South, from Hilton Head, 
 gave the following account of the affair : 
 
 " The steamer Cosmopolitan left here at nine o clock for the fort, 
 conveying to the scene of festivity General Terry and a crowd of 
 prominent officers, together with quite a number of ladies. The 
 steamers Mattano and Boston followed, with guests from Beaufort, 
 among them General Brannan and a portion of his staff. The guests 
 were greeted at the dock with pleasant music from the excellent band 
 of the regiment, and marched in line to the fort, which fired a salute 
 of thirteen guns in honor of the Generals as the procession entered. 
 The interior was neatly decorated with greens, arranged in circles, 
 stars, and festoons, and presented a very pretty appearance. The 
 guests were received by Mrs. Barton, the amiable lady of the Colonel, 
 whose presence greatly enhanced the charm of the occasion, and to 
 whom, with the other ladies residing at the fort, is due in a great 
 measure the completeness of the arrangements. The games took 
 place upon the terre-plein, and were observed by the guests from the 
 ramparts, which afforded a full and complete view of everything which 
 
62 FORTY-EIGH7^H REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 transpired. The scene was very striking; the massive wall surround 
 ing the space recalling to mind the ancient arena of Rome, the theatre 
 of the bloody combats of the gladiators. It would take too much 
 space to dwell at length upon the details of this part of the entertain 
 ment ; we shall therefore merely notice the more interesting and 
 amusing features. The games inside the fort commenced with the 
 foot-race, which was watched with great interest, and the fortunate 
 victors rewarded with the several prizes and enthusiastic applause. 
 Next in order came the hurdle sack-race, which created intense mer 
 riment. Half a dozen competitors were tied in sacks with nothing 
 but the head visible, and with their pedal extremities thus trammelled 
 they were required to run a race and jump over two hurdles. The 
 absurd method of locomotion, and the utter helplessness of those who 
 were so unfortunate as to lose their balance and tumble over, elicited 
 shouts of laughter. The wheelbarrow feat also resulted in very laugh 
 able blunders. The competitors for the prize were all blindfolded and 
 placed directly in a line with a certain point, the one coming nearest 
 to the goal being the victor. The fun of the affair consisted in their 
 deviation at every imaginable angle from a straight line, soberly 
 trotting along with the barrows, under the pleasing impression that 
 they were making straight for the goal ; of course the man who was 
 farthest away was greeted with shouts of derisive applause and in 
 cited to further efforts by assurances of victory. The meal feat was 
 perhaps the most ludicrous feature of .the whole. The hands of the 
 negroes competing for the prize were tied behind them, and they were 
 required to take a five-dollar gold-piece from a tub of meal with the 
 mouth. The ludicrous appearance of the contraband s head when it 
 emerged from the meal-tub can be more easily imagined than described. 
 They were very earnest in their search, and it was amusing to see the 
 anxious looks of those standing by lest the one with his head buried 
 in the meal should be successful, and they cheated of their turn. The 
 third one succeeded in obtaining the prize, and was so elated with his 
 success that he was led into a saltatory manifestation of the exuberance 
 of his joy and capered round the tub of meal in real George Christy 
 style. The burlesque dress-parade, which was got up entirely by the 
 privates, and carried out exceedingly well, was a good termination to 
 the comic features of the programme. The uniforms were grotesque 
 in the extreme, while the orders and manoeuvres of the battalion were 
 both original and ridiculous. The occasion was taken advantage of 
 by the men to make some good-natured hits at the officers in the 
 general orders, which, notwithstanding their local character, seemed to 
 be caught and appreciated by all. The games went off with eclat, and 
 -afforded a great deal of amusement. A bountiful lunch was provided 
 
FORT PUI.ASKI. 63 
 
 and partaken -of by all during their progress. Generals Brannan and 
 Terry both left early in the evening, and with them many officers and 
 several ladies; still there were many left who incoherently expressed a 
 determination to see it out and not go home till morning, till day 
 light did appear, 
 
 " In the evening the steamer Flora arrived from Beaufort, bringing 
 General Saxton and a bevy of ladies in time to take part in the ball, 
 which began at eight o clock. Three casemates connecting by door 
 ways formed the ball-room, which was handsomely decorated with 
 festoons of evergreens and bunting. The regimental and guard colors 
 were also tastefully distributed around the walls. Excellent music 
 was furnished by the band of the Forty-eighth, and the dancing con 
 tinued till eleven o clock, when the guests were ushered into the 
 supper-room, a tent one hundred and sixty feet long, the interior of 
 which was beautifully adorned with evergreens and palmetto leaves. 
 The table was really magnificent ; bouquets of flowers in profusion set 
 it off, and produced a very beautiful effect. Considering the limited 
 facilities at command, we are astonished at the completeness of the 
 arrangements and the excellence of the supper provided. The whole 
 affair reflects great credit upon the officers of the regiment, and 
 especially upon the committees who had it in charge. Colonel Barton 
 and Major Green were both assiduous in their attentions to the guests, 
 as, indeed, were all the officers of the garrison. General Saxton and 
 his party left at midnight, to return to Beaufort, on the steamer Flora, 
 but many still lingered, and the festivities were kept up till dawn. We 
 must not forget to mention the Rhode Island Minstrel Band, which 
 played at intervals during the evening. Their performances, which 
 took place in the quarters of Company G, Third Rhode Island Regi 
 ment, were very good, and witnessed by a crowded audience. 
 
 " The old walls of Fort Pulaski echoed the sounds of mirth till 
 morning. Never before, we venture to say, did they frown upon so 
 much conviviality and good-cheer; and we have no doubt that should 
 Beauregard with his ram attempt to visit our generous hosts of the 
 fort, he will meet with a reception, if not of the same kind, at least as 
 warm as that extended to their guests on Thanksgiving Day. We are 
 sorry to say that the enjoyment of the occasion was somewhat marred 
 by the long and tedious delay in getting off the next day. The steamer 
 which ought to have left for Hilton Head early in the morning was 
 delayed until afternoon, and colonels, lieutenant-colonels, majors, and 
 officers of every grade, who were all anxious to return to their posts, 
 were subjected to an unnecessary delay of more than half a day. 
 
 " The names of some of the victors in the games are as follows : In 
 target practice, John Scanlon, Company A, won the first prize a gold 
 
64 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 medal valued at $25. In the rowing match, Company F won the first 
 prize, $10 ; C the second prize, $5 ; and B the third prize, $2.50. In 
 the foot race, Charles McCreaf, Company D, first prize, $10; Isaac 
 Cahart, Company H, second prize, $5 ; Edward Lawrence, Company 
 A, third prize, $2.50. In the hurdle sack-race, Patrick Shanley, Com 
 pany G, first prize, $10; James Beith, Company C, second prize, $5. 
 In the wheelbarrow race, John Mclntyre, Company G, first prize, $10;: 
 Patrick Brady, Company A, second prize, $5. In the meal feat, Sam 
 Pope was the fortunate contraband." 
 
 The reperusal of the above will recall to the participants 
 the pleasures of that Thanksgiving Day better than any 
 attempted description from memory after the lapse of three 
 and twenty years. It was the most memorable day of 
 festivity in our entire career. 
 
 As the writer on the visit in the spring of 1884, already 
 referred to re-entered the fort, through the sally-port, past 
 the moats, now filled with mud and grown up with rank 
 grasses, and stood once more on the old terre-plein, memory 
 recalled the scenes of that happy Thanksgiving Day. But 
 the casemates were empty, the water-condenser rusted, the 
 terre-plein itself full of holes filled with stagnant water, the 
 wooden doors rotted, and the whole noble fort far advanced 
 in decay. He thought of the thousand men who once 
 thronged its walls, many of whom had been long dead, and 
 the survivors far scattered. A single sergeant and his wife 
 constitute the garrison. A brood of chickens now pick the 
 grasses on the ramparts where heroes once stood. The 
 silence, the crumbling walls, the dismounted and rusted 
 cannon, and the sight of Pulaski in ruins saddened us. 
 
 On December 24, 1862, Lieut.-Colonel Beard resigned. 
 He had been long absent from the regiment upon special 
 duty. His achievements at Wall s Cut and elsewhere had, 
 however, reflected credit upon the regiment. On February 
 6th Chaplain Strickland left us. He was held in high esteem 
 as a brave and faithful chaplain, and his departure was greatly 
 regretted. A sketch of his connection with the regiment 
 from his own pen, written just before his death in 1884, will 
 
ill 
 
 H 
 
 S af 
 5S 
 
 5 g 
 
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 8 * 
 S a 
 
FORT PULASKI, 65 
 
 be found in a later chapter. On February 9th the regiment 
 was inspected by General E. D. Townsend, Adjutant-General 
 U.S. A., and Lieutenant-Colonel Green, Assistant Inspector- 
 General. Both complimented our drill in the most flattering 
 terms. A flag of truce was frequently interchanged between 
 Fort Pulaski and Savannah ; and indeed the correspondence 
 with the Confederates by flag of truce was usually conducted 
 from the fort. In the spring of 1863 the policy of enlisting 
 regiments of colored soldiers was inaugurated in the Depart 
 ment, and certain of our officers and non-commissioned 
 officers were tendered promotion in those regiments. Lieu 
 tenant B. R.Corwin obtained the position of Major in one of 
 them. In many cases, however, the promotion was declined, 
 the men preferring to stay with their old comrades. About 
 this time also there were indications of a new and more serious 
 attempt to capture the city of Charleston. The attack of 
 the iron-clad fleet upon Fort Sumter on April the Qth was 
 unsuccessful; but rumors were in the air that the attempt 
 would not end with that failure. So drew to an end our long 
 imprisonment on garrison duty at Fort Pulaski. Many 
 personal incidents might be recorded, of special interest, 
 however, only to the few, and each of the comrades who 
 reads this history must add from his own memory those that 
 were most interesting to himself. Many mutual exchanges 
 of hospitality occurred among the officers,. and many friend 
 ships and some antipathies perhaps were formed. Few of 
 those things were known, however, to the unpretentious 
 private soldier who has come to be the present historian. 
 On one occasion the Confederate steamer General Lee came 
 down from Savannah under a flag of truce and attempted to 
 go back without orders. She was fired upon by the fort, 
 but was out of range, so the little tug-boat was sent in per- 
 suit of her. We watched the race of the two boats up the 
 river, but the tug was far the faster and soon overtook the 
 General Lee. Two or three shots from the howitzer brought 
 her to terms, and the little tug towed her prize down the 
 river in triumph. Her crew were taken prisoners. One day 
 5 
 
66 
 
 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 the crew of a picket-boat came down to the fort, bringing 
 their officer with them an involuntary prisoner, and com 
 pelling him to even steer the boat ; they brought also four 
 English carbine rifles, one of which the Colonel gave to his 
 orderly, who carried it from that day until that fatal night 
 at Fort Wagner. Expeditions of a minor order were con 
 stantly being made all through those months up and down 
 the Savannah River, and through the little creeks that were 
 on every side of us ; but the expeditions to Bluffton and to 
 Coosawhatchie were the chief ones that signalized our days 
 
 MARTELLO TOWER, TYBEE ISLAND 
 
 in Fort Pulaski. We ought to add a few words at least 
 concerning Tybee Island. One company was always detailed 
 to do picket-duty there, the companies taking turns. Their 
 headquarters were in the old martello-tower, which stands 
 upon almost the only solid point of the island. Its quaint 
 walls, built of concrete and shells, were an object of great 
 interest and curiosity to us. It was the most ancient thing 
 in all the country round. The writer s principal memory of 
 several visits to it was the terrible sand-flies and mosquitoes 
 of the neighborhood. Many stories are told, such as the 
 shooting of a wild-hog on the island by Sergeant Allen of 
 
FORT PULASKL 6/ 
 
 Company I, or the capturing of a large sea-turtle by Cor 
 poral Twamley and two comrades (also of Company I), it 
 requiring the strength of all three to turn the monster upon 
 its back on the sand. The turtle filled three large camp- 
 kettles, and was estimated to have weighed 300 pounds. 
 Company I was on Tybee Island a long while. One night 
 in the fall of 1862 they disabled the blockade-runner Sadowa, 
 hailing from Nassau, firing several shots into her, and she 
 drifted out to sea, and was subsequently captured by the 
 gun-boat Unadilla, which took her in tow to Hilton Head. 
 General Hunter sent a letter of congratulations to Company 
 I ; but one of them writes, " The sailors on the Unadilla got 
 the prize-money." To some, as many incidents perhaps are 
 associated with Tybee Island as with the fort. 
 
 Sometimes the monotony of life was broken by the arrival 
 of deserters and contrabands at the fort. A photographer 
 also visited us, and all the companies, and the regiment in 
 line of battle and by division, and the officers had their pic 
 tures taken. We are glad to reproduce in cuts certain of 
 these pictures. So the days went rapidly by, the nights also, 
 unless you were on guard : then they were long enough, for 
 nothing ever happened to break their tedious length. If 
 you spent a wakeful night in your bunk, every hour you 
 would hear the call go from guard to guard around the 
 parapet, as at midnight, " Twelve o clock and all s well." 
 Sentry would repeat it after sentry, and when it came back 
 to the guard-house the officer of the guard would know that 
 all the sentinels were awake. Fort Pulaski was graced in 
 those days by the presence of a few ladies. We recall with 
 great pleasure Mrs. Colonel Barton, Mrs. Quartermaster 
 Avery, Mrs. Dr. Mulford, and Mrs. Fisher. The writer 
 would have no difficulty to add reminiscences of our life at 
 the fort at much greater length, but perhaps enough has 
 been already recalled. A word ought here be written, how 
 ever, concerning our musicians, who attained the highest 
 skill while in Fort Pulaski. We had an admirable band, 
 whose music was our inspiration in the daily drills and 
 
68 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 parade. Also a magnificent corps of fifers and drummers, 
 Edward Hastings being " chief "musician," and Wm. Smith 
 "" drum-major." We also had three buglers Anthony Schel- 
 lirtgs, William Andrews, and Joseph C. Hibson. All three 
 were brave soldiers. Andrews and Hibson were both 
 Avounded at Wagner, the latter four times. The leader of 
 the band while we were at Fort Pulaski was William Thomas ; 
 but afterwards, when it was reorganized at St. Augustine, 
 George F. Miller became leader, and among its members 
 were the following, whose names we are able to recall : 
 Doering, Fitch, Weed, GofT, Stewart, Jones, J. A. and A. 
 ^B. Dupree, Ivans, Shannon, Sweeney, Thompson, Monell, 
 AVhitcomb, and " Frenchy." 
 
 They used to call themselves "big blowers," but they 
 were also the best of fellows, as well as good soldiers ; and 
 the splendid music they rendered enlivened many an other 
 wise dull hour dunng that long year of life in Fort Pulaski. 
 
 I am glad to be able to close this chapter with selections 
 from a letter which Major Barrett has recently received fiom 
 my old friend, our " chief musician," Edward Hastings : 
 
 " NATIONAL SOLDIERS HOME, 
 
 "MONTGOMERY COUNTY, OHIO, June 1 6, 1885. 
 
 " MY DEAR FRIEND : My recollection of many things connected with 
 the Forty-eighth New York is very imperfect, as I gave my whole 
 attention to my own duties as principal musician of the regimental field 
 music. Only when in front of the enemy was I otherwise engaged, 
 and then William Smith, the drum-major, and myself took alternate 
 command night and day of the Stretcher Corps attached to the regi 
 ment, and composed mostly of the bandsmen and a few detailed 
 men, the drummers not being strong enough to carry off wounded 
 men. Drum-major Smith was killed at Cold Harbor in June, 1864, 
 and was buried a little in the rear of where he fell. George Rich- 
 man (Abe Palmer s special friend and comrade), who was a drummer 
 in D Company, but got transferred to the ranks on his re-enlistment 
 in 1863, was also killed at Petersburg while in the advanced trenches. 
 James Murther was also wounded, I think, at Cold Harbor or in front 
 of Petersburg. 
 
 "The little fellow who was drummer in H Company died, I think, at 
 St. Augustine, while you were recovering from your Fort Wagner wound. 
 
FORT PULASKI. 69 
 
 John Stout, also of H Company, who was turned over to me as a fifer, 
 also sickened and died. Your other drummer, Pendleton, enlisted in 
 the Twelfth Regular Infantry after the war Company A ; but of his 
 subsequent career I know nothing. Most of the boys (the drummers 
 I mean) were in New York and Brooklyn when I was living with you ; 
 but I never saw any of them to my recollection. Dave Johnson was 
 killed by an accident in Hudson Avenue, where he lived. George 
 Shannon, of E Company, who was subsequently Acting-Quartermaster- 
 Sergeant while we were at Raleigh, N. C., when I last heard of him, in 
 1867, was living with his father, a hatter, in Hudson Street, New York. 
 Bennett, Raymond, Raynor, Morgan, Beith, were all living at the same 
 the time in Brooklyn ; but I know nothing of their subsequent life. 
 
 " Stephenson, who succeeded Drum-major Smith, was discharged 
 with the regiment at the same time as myself. He joined the regular 
 army some time after ; but I never heard anything more about him. Of 
 the fifers Le Moine, Tom Bennett, and Andy Thompson, I know only 
 that the first was reported as being poisoned from drinking whiskey. 
 Bennett went to California as fifer in the Seventeenth Regular, and 
 Thompson was living in Newark or Jersey City with his family, whom 
 he had left when he enlisted. . . . 
 
 " I wish I could remember anything more worthy of writing; but I 
 can t, unless perhaps questions should revive recollections, which is 
 just possible. EDWARD HASTINGS, 
 
 " Late Principal Musician Forty-eighth Regiment N. Y. Volunteers" 
 
CHAPTER V. 
 Morris Island June i to July 17, 1863. 
 
 General Gillmore succeeds General Hunter The Department of the South 
 Operations against Charleston Admiral Dahlgren succeeds Admiral 
 Dupont General George C. Strong The "Fighting Brigade" June 
 19, leave Fort Pulaski Companies G and I Remain At St. Helena 
 Island Folly Island Batteries The Flotilla Lighthouse Inlet 
 July 10, the Assault on Morris Island Death of Captain Lent The 
 Run up the Beach The Fatal Halt Casualties July n, Assault on 
 Fort Wagner by Seventh Connecticut, Ninth Maine, and Seventy-sixth 
 Pennsylvania Their Repulse Confederate Accounts of It Building 
 Batteries A Confederate Sortie Companies C and D in the Trenches 
 Lieutenant Tantum and the Rebel Wilgus. 
 
 TN the early summer of 1863 the National Administration 
 determined upon a vigorous attempt to take the city of 
 Charleston. 
 
 The attack of the ironclads under Admiral Dupont had 
 been unsuccessful, and the Admiral did not seem very 
 sanguine of another attempt. Thereupon the Government 
 removed him from the command of the fleet, and ordered 
 Admiral Foote to succeed him, Admiral Foote died, how 
 ever, a few days afterwards, while on his way to his new 
 post of duty, and Admiral Dahlgren became the new com 
 mander of the South Atlantic Squadron. 
 
 At the same time General David Hunter was succeeded 
 in command of the land forces by General Quincy A. Gill- 
 more. 
 
 The new General and the new Admiral were to co-operate. 
 
 The soldiers in the Department of the South knew now 
 that their hour had come, and they welcomed General Gill- 
 more heartily, and anticipated the coming campaigns with 
 great joy. All felt that there might be serious fighting, but 
 
MORRIS ISLAND. 7 1 
 
 no one then conceived that we were about to enter upon 
 the most fatal and the most fruitless campaign of the entire 
 war. 
 
 General Gillmore seems not to have been reluctant to un 
 dertake the work of the capture of Charleston, if we may 
 
 GENERAL GILLMORE. 
 
 
 
 judge by the following letter, which is supposed to have 
 been influential in securing him the command : 
 
 " NEW YORK, May 23, 1863. 
 " General G. W. CULLUM, Chief of Staff, to the General-in-Chief. 
 
 " GENERAL : It has come to my knowledge that my name has been 
 mentioned to the Secretary of War in connection with the reduction 
 of the forts in Charleston Harbor, and it has been urgently suggested to 
 place me in a position where I could direct and control the operations 
 of the land forces against that place. Two or three communications 
 from prominent men here have been sent to the Secretary. 
 
 " It is not necessary to inform you, who are so well acquainted with 
 me, that I am not in the habit of pushing myself forward or thrusting 
 my professional opinion unasked upon the notice of those in author 
 ity. In my daily intercourse with gentlemen of my acquaintance I 
 am, however, always free to answer questions; and I have at- sundry 
 times and in sundry places expressed the opinion that the forts in 
 Charleston Harbor could be reduced by the means (naval and military 
 combined) now available in the Department of the South, increased 
 
72 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 by a suitable number of the best heavy rifled guns, provided these 
 have not been sent there since I left the Department one year ago. 
 
 " I have also said that I am willing to risk my own reputation upon 
 the attempt, as I did at Pulaski, provided I could be allowed the un 
 trammelled execution of my own plans (as at Pulaski), except so far as; 
 they involve co-operation from the navy. 
 
 " You are at liberty to show this letter to the General-in-Chief or any 
 one else. 
 
 " I expect to remain here until the evening of the 27th instant, and 
 then go directly to Cincinnati. 
 
 " Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 
 
 " Q. A. GILLMORE, Brigadier-General." 
 
 It is asserted that General Gillmore was selected for the- 
 position because of his superior skill as an engineer, and 
 that the new movement against Charleston was at the sug- 
 
 ADMIRAL DAHLGREN. 
 
 gestion of the Hon. Horace Greeley. Whereupon General 
 Hunter, smarting under his removal from his command, ad 1 - 
 dressed an angry letter to the famous editor of the New 
 York Tribune, In which he reminded him of his former out 
 cry "On to Richmond " "in which," wrote the irate Gen 
 eral, " you wasted much ink, and other men shed some blood."" 
 On June 3d the orders were issued for General Gillmore to 
 
MORRIS ISLAND. 73. 
 
 succeed General Hunter, and on June I2th Gillmore reached 
 Hilton Head, and immediately assumed command. We 
 had had some acquaintance with him during the operations 
 on Dawfuskie Island in the siege of Fort Pulaski, but he was 
 now to become our immediate commander, under whom we 
 were destined to march on many long campaigns and to 
 pass through many fiery battles. Gillmore found in the 
 Department of the South nearly 18,000 troops of the finest 
 quality ; for they were veterans, having been two years in 
 the service, and they were volunteers who had rushed to 
 arms in the summer of 1^861, at the President s first call for 
 men. They were, therefore, the best blood of the Repub 
 lic, and their long service had given them every advantage 
 
 OBSTRUCTIONS IN CHARLESTON HARBOR. 
 
 of discipline and drill. True they had had little experience 
 in battle, but they had been strangely prepared by the 
 years of training and inaction for the desperate work that 
 now awaited them. Although the Department of the 
 South did not extend far into the interior, it ran a long way 
 parallel with the coast, and Gillmore was required to picket 
 a line 250 miles in length, besides garrisoning forts and posts 
 at various places. He was only able, therefore, to concen 
 trate about 11,000 troops for his immediate operations 
 against Charleston. He had, however, 80 guns of the heavi 
 est calibre, and was supplied with materials for carrying on 
 a siege possibly superior to those which any General had 
 ever before possessed in all the history of war. 
 
 General Gillmore s plan of operations, briefly stated, was.:: 
 
74 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y, S. VOLS. 
 
 " First. Make a descent upon and take possession of the south end 
 of Morris Island. 
 
 " Second. To lay siege to and reduce Battery Wagner, a strong 
 earthwork near the north end of the island and about 2600 yards from 
 Fort Sumter. The reduction of Battery Wagner would necessitate 
 the fall of Battery Gregg on Cumming s Point. 
 
 " Third. From the positions thus secured to demolish Fort Sumter, 
 and co-operate with the navy in a heavy artillery fire when it should 
 be ready to move forward. 
 
 " Fourth. The iron-clad fleet to remove the channel obstructions, 
 run by the batteries on Sullivan and James Islands, reach the city, and 
 compel its surrender." 
 
 The army was to take the lead in all but the fourth of 
 these distinct operations. 
 
 Of the several plans for operations against Charleston 
 which were practicable, that by James Island had been 
 feebly tried at Secessionville in June, 1862, and had failed. 
 Moreover, the navy could render but little assistance. 
 
 Also the plan of forcing an entrancein to Charleston Har 
 bor by the fleet had been attempted and had failed on April 
 7, 1863. 
 
 The plan that was adopted by way of Morris Island 
 had the two advantages : it had never been tried, and co 
 operation of army and navy was practicable. Therefore it 
 was adopted unhappily, we might add, for it proved in 
 many respects disastrous; but it is far easier to criticise 
 campaigns when you are writing after the event than to an 
 ticipate all difficulties beforehand. 
 
 There were certain other advantages which the Morris 
 Island plan possessed. 
 
 Our forces were already in possession of Folly Island. 
 To cross over Lighthouse Inlet and secure the lower end of 
 Morris Island was believed to be practicable, and it proved 
 to be. 
 
 Moreover, the fleet had always a safe harbor close at 
 hand, in North Edisto Inlet, which was no slight consid 
 eration, as the monitors were not supposed to ride safely in 
 stormy waters. 
 
MORRIS ISLAND. 75 
 
 The mistakes were (as are now apparent) that the posses 
 sion of Morris Island would decide the fate of Charleston, 
 and that Fort Sumter would capitulate, as Fort Pulaski had 
 done when breached by our guns. 
 
 Another has truly written that 
 
 " Fort Sumter was regarded as the chief obstacle in the way of the 
 navy in any attempt which it might make to enter the harbor. If 
 that fort could be reduced, or its defensive power destroyed, the fleet, 
 it was argued, could readily remove the obstructions, force an en 
 trance into the harbor, and compel the surrender of the city, when 
 the evacuation of the harbor defences would necessarily follow. It 
 was admitted that the navy alone could not capture Sumter, or even 
 so cripple it as to render it harmless. That must be done by the com 
 bined land and naval forces, and General Gillmore had been selected 
 to command the Department of the South and Admiral Dahlgren the 
 South Atlantic Squadron, for the express purpose of carrying into 
 execution the plan of operations which the former had proposed for 
 the reduction of Fort Sumter and then the capture of Charleston." 
 
 It will now be necessary, in order that the reader may un 
 derstand the operations about to be described, that some 
 description of the locality, soon to be so familiar, should be 
 given. I gladly avail myself of an article by General Samuel 
 Jones of the Confederate army, which is at hand : 
 
 " The city of Charleston is at the extremity of the narrow peninsula 
 between the Cooper and Ashley rivers. James Island, to the south and 
 east, is separated from the city by Ashley River, and from St. John s 
 Island, to the south and west, by the Stono River. In greatest extent 
 from north to south it is about nine miles, and from east to west about 
 seven miles. On its sea front it is bordered by a narrow sand-bank 
 extending from the entrance to Charleston Harbor to Stono Inlet, 
 about eleven miles in length. About three and three quarters miles 
 from the northern extremity this bank has been cut through by the 
 waters of the ocean, thus dividing it into two islands. The northern 
 part is Morris Island, the southern Folly Island. The channel between 
 them is called Lighthouse Inlet. These islands are separated from the 
 firm land of James Island by Folly River and Creek, Vincent s Creek, 
 and impassable marshes, which are subject to overflow by very high 
 tides, and are intersected by numerous tortuous, narrow, but deep 
 streams. 
 
76 , FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 " The northern extremity of Morris Island, which is called Cum- 
 ming s Point, and Sullivan s Island to the northeast, border the en 
 trance to Charleston Harbor. Fort Moultrie is near the western end 
 of Sullivan s Island and distant twenty-seven hundred yards from 
 Cumming s Point, on which the Confederates had constructed a work 
 called Battery Gregg. Fort Sumter was a brick work of three tiers of 
 guns, built on an artificial island or foundation south of the channel, 
 nearly midway between Sullivan s and James Islands, about 1760 
 yards from Fort Moultrie on the former, 1980 yards from Fort John 
 son on the latter, 1390 yards from Cumming s Point, and three and a 
 half miles from the city of Charleston. 
 
 " About 1300 yards from Cumming s Point, at a very narrow part of 
 Morris Island, was an earthwork of considerable development and 
 strength called Battery Wagner, which extended from the beach on 
 the east to Vincent Creek on the west, presenting to the southward a 
 front of about 275 yards. 
 
 "The island is wider in its southern than in its northern part, the 
 southern extremity on Lighthouse Inlet being about one thousand 
 yards in width. Its surface is irregular and broken by sand ridges, form 
 ing at many points secure shelter for troops. It has an area of about 
 four hundred acres, its middle point is five and three eighths of a mile 
 from the nearest point of Charleston, and the main channel into the 
 harbor is parallel to and at about an average distance of twelve hundred 
 yards from it. 
 
 "This small sand island has been thus minutely and tediously de 
 scribed, because it was destined to be the camp home for nearly two 
 years of many thousands of men ; it was to become famous as the 
 scene of a siege which will be memorable in military history and one 
 of the most formidable bombardments of which there is any record, 
 the scene of great labor and exposure, much desperate fighting, of 
 sickness and death in all the frightful forms incident to war and to 
 wasting fevers." 
 
 A further and more minute description of the portions of 
 the island where we operated will be given as the account- 
 proceeds, but the above, with the help of a good map,* should 
 give the intelligent reader a satisfactory conception of the 
 locality. 
 
 To Brigadier-General George C. Strong, a young man but 
 a gallant soldier, who had already " won his spurs" in the 
 war, there was intrusted the delicate task of selecting a 
 
 * See Map, page 79. 
 
MORRIS ISLAND. 
 
 77 
 
 picked brigade of six regiments out of the entire depart 
 ment, with which he was to make the desperate assaults 
 that Gillmore knew would have to be made at the capture 
 of Morris Island. Not more than one brigade of troops 
 could be handled in such narrow quarters: it was therefore 
 necessary that the brigade should consist of the very best 
 soldiers. General Strong finally selected the following six 
 regiments : Seventy-sixth Pennsylvania, Sixth and Seventh 
 Connecticut, Forty-eighth New York, Third New Hamp 
 shire, and Ninth Maine. They were known in the Depart 
 ment, as they are destined to be known in history, as 
 
 GENERAL STRONG. 
 (From * HARPER S PICTORIAL HISTORY OF THE REBELLION.") 
 
 " Strong s Fighting Brigade." It was esteemed a high 
 honor to be one of the picked regiments, but it was an 
 honor that cost many brave fellows their lives. The brigade 
 won its fame in a single month of time, during which it 
 fought three famous battles, and suffered losses not else 
 where equalled among the same number of men in the whole 
 history of the war. Its brave and honored commander fell 
 at its head on the fiery parapets of Wagner. It was destined 
 for immolation and immortality. On June iSth General 
 Gillmore came to Fort Pulaski, and on the evening of that 
 day a telegraphic dispatch was received by the submarine 
 cable, ordering eight companies of the regiment to prepare 
 
78 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 cooked rations and be ready for embarkation in the morn 
 ing. As may be imagined, great excitement prevailed in 
 the fort at the receipt at last of marching orders. We had 
 been chosen as one of the " picked " regiments. We were 
 in high spirits at that, and because our long and monotonous 
 life on garrison duty was at an end, and at last we were to 
 meet the enemy in battle. We little knew what desperate 
 work was before us, nor could we anticipate how cruel and 
 how fatal it was to be. Two companies were to be left be 
 hind, for the garrison of the fort and for picket duty on 
 Tybee Island ; the companies selected were G and I. They 
 remained with* great reluctance, yet they escaped entirely 
 the perils of the fatal campaign on Morris Island. Rations 
 were hastily cooked, and next day we left our old quarters 
 in the casemates, which had been our home for a whole 
 year, and embarking on the steamer Ben De Ford, anchored 
 off Tybee Island for the night, and on the next day, June 20,. 
 landed at St. Helena Island where the brigade was to ren 
 dezvous and went into camp. 
 
 The next two weeks were spent in brigade drill and 
 organization. We liked our brilliant brigade-commander,. 
 General Strong, the more we saw of him, and we formed a 
 high opinion also of the quality of the regiments with which 
 we were associated. 
 
 We missed the Forty-seventh New York, but for the Sixth 
 and Seventh Connecticut especially we had a deservedly 
 high respect. On July 4th we left St. Helena Island by 
 ship, and landed on Folly Island. 
 
 General Vogdes had been in possession of Folly Island 
 since the preceding April, had cut roads through its im 
 penetrable jungles, erected batteries at the various points, 
 and kept the island thoroughly picketed throughout. 
 Folly Island is about seven miles in length, and not over a 
 mile in width at its broadest point. On the west it is 
 separated from James Island by Folly River and a succes 
 sion of marshes; on the east it is bordered by the sea; 
 Lighthouse Inlet on the north separates it from Morris 
 
M OX HIS ISLAND. 
 
 79 
 
 Island. The inlet is about six hundred yards in width. The 
 whole surface of the island was a mass of thorns and briars ; 
 but we cleared a place among them as best we could and 
 went into camp. General Vogdes had succeeded in erecting 
 batteries unobserved by the enemy on the north end of the 
 island, or more properly on Little Folly Island, which easily 
 commanded the enemy s works on the south end of Morris 
 
 SIEGE OF CHARLESTON. 
 
 Island. They were designed to cover the passage of the 
 troops over Lighthouse Inlet, when they should attempt to 
 carry Morris Island by assault. The batteries were so com 
 pletely masked by thick forests of pine and palmetto, that 
 their very existence was absolutely unknown to the enemy. 
 They were made of sand and marsh sod, embrasured and 
 redetted, with magazines and bomb and splinter proofs, and 
 in twenty days after they were begun Gillmore had forty- 
 eight heavy guns in position upon them. The plan of at- 
 
SO FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 tack was as follows: " Strong s Fighting Brigade" was to be 
 embarked in launches in the night, and at the signal of the 
 first gun from the batteries, in the early morning, was to 
 row across Lighthouse Inlet, land in the surf on Morris 
 Island, and carry the island by assault. It was a bold pro 
 ject, exposing the men to great danger, liable to many con 
 tingencies which might thwart it, but it was deemed the 
 most practicable plan by which Morris Island could be 
 taken. The Confederate fortifications on Morris Island at 
 that time consisted of eight one-gun batteries and two mor 
 tar batteries one for two mortars, the other for one. All 
 Avere detached and stretched along the sand ridge, designed 
 
 BOMB AND SPLINTER PROOF. 
 
 to protect the beach, and they were incomplete. Rifle-pits 
 or infantry epaulements were also made, extending westward 
 towards Oyster Point. According to the account of General 
 Beauregard, they were manned as follows: 612 infantry, 289 
 artillerists, 261 cavalry a total of 1162 men. The part of 
 Strong s brigade which was to assail them numbered be 
 tween two and three thousand. 
 
 To divert the attention of the enemy from Morris to 
 James Island, General A. H. Terry with some three thou 
 sand troops, was now sent up the Stono, landed on James 
 Island and made a feint against the enemy there, but it is 
 doubtful if that had any effect to withdraw troops from 
 Morris Island. 
 
MORRIS ISLAND, 8 1 
 
 Everything *as supposed to be in readiness for the as 
 sault, on the night of July 8th, and we were marched to the 
 place of embarkation ; but for some reason there was a delay 
 of twenty-four hours, and we returned to our camp wearied 
 with a long tramp through the sand and underbrush of Folly 
 Island. At three o clock the next afternoon (July Qth) the 
 brigade again assembled and marched to the place on Folly 
 River, where the boats were in waiting for us. Owing to 
 the insufficient number of launches, after the Third New 
 Hampshire, Sixth and Seventh Connecticut, Ninth Maine, 
 and Seventy-sixth Pennsylvania, and a battalion of sharp 
 shooters had embarked, there was only room in the boats 
 for four companies of the Forty-eighth Regiment. These 
 were companies A, C, D, and F, under the immediate com 
 mand of Lieutenant-Colonel James M. Green. The other 
 battalion of the regiment, under Colonel Barton, marched 
 to the north end of the island in the rear of our batteries, 
 and awaited the return of the boats the next morning. Si 
 lently, in the stillness of the night, Strong s brigade, packed 
 closely in the boats and escorted by four howitzer launches 
 manned by sailors, rowed up the Folly River and Creek to 
 the entrance to Lighthouse Inlet, and halted. We were 
 thoroughly masked by tall marsh-grass, and so noiselessly 
 did the little flotilla move, that we were unheard and unob 
 served by the enemy. There we rested on our oars the 
 whole night through, awaiting the signal to advance, fearful 
 every moment that we would be discovered by the sentinels 
 on the Confederate works, which frowned upon us from 
 across the inlet. No one who remembers his sensations 
 that night will ever forget them : the sailors who rowed the 
 boats seemed tranquil enough, being more at home on the 
 water, but the soldiers preferred to have terra firma under 
 them when they fought ; the anticipation of having the 
 boat you are in blown to pieces by a shell, and yourself, 
 loaded down with cartridge-box and accoutrements, precipi 
 tated into the water and drowned, was not exhilarating. 
 To face the perils of the water as well as the perils of bat- 
 6 
 
82 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS, 
 
 teries in front, and to anticipate it a long night through, put 
 the courage of the men to a strain, but did not break it, A 
 perfect silence reigned all about us that night ; the screech 
 ing of a sea-fowl as it flew over our heads, the breaking of a 
 twig by some careless foot on the shore, the gentle swash of 
 the sea against the sides of the boats and the beating of our 
 own hearts, were all the sounds we heard. Hours passed, 
 and not a word was spoken. We knew the batteries were 
 ready on Little Folly Island, that they would be unmasked 
 at the first peep of day, that with the firing of their first 
 gun we would be rowed rapidly across that six hundred 
 yards of water that was between us and the beach of Morris 
 Island in our front. Whether we should ever reach it was 
 what we did not know ; and we all feared a deal more that 
 we might be drowned in the inlet, than any danger we 
 should meet from the batteries when once our feet were on 
 the shore. 
 
 The forces on Folly Island, which were held in reserve 
 under General Vogdes, consisted of the Sixty-second Ohio, 
 Colonel Pond ; Sixty-seventh Ohio, Colonel Voorhees ; and 
 Eighty-fifth Pennsylvania, Colonel Howell, who were near 
 the signal-station. The Seventh New Hampshire, Colonel 
 H. S. Putnam ; One Hundredth New York, Colonel Dandy; 
 a battalion of the Forty-eighth New York, Colonel Wm. B. 
 Barton ; and Battery B, First United States Artillery, Cap 
 tain G. V. Henry commanding, were at the northern end of 
 Little Folly Island, in readiness to follow General Strong s 
 brigade. The formidable batteries which were to perform 
 so important a part were commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel 
 Jackson and Major L. L. Langdon, First United States 
 Artillery. 
 
 Opposed to us, if we may accept the authority of Gen 
 eral Jones, just across Lighthouse Inlet and within easy 
 range, were the detached Confederate battery of eight guns 
 and three mortars, manned by two companies of the First 
 South Carolina Artillery, Captains J. C. Mitchell and J. R. 
 Macbeth commanding, supported by the Twenty-first South 
 
MORRIS ISLAND. 83 
 
 Carolina Infantry, about four hundred men, Major Mclver 
 commanding, and a detachment of the First South Carolina 
 Infantry, under Captain Charles T. Haskell (in all about 
 seven hundred). The garrison of Battery Wagner, about 
 three miles distant on the island, was two companies of 
 artillery, Captains C. E. Chichester and J. R. Mathews com 
 manding, and of Battery Gregg, Captain Henry R. Lesesne s 
 company of artillery. All of the artillery on the island was 
 commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel J. A. Yates, First South 
 Carolina Artillery. The whole force was commanded by 
 Colonel R. F. Graham, Twenty-first South Carolina Infantry. 
 
 There is some disparity in the number of Confederates 
 conceded to have been on Morris Island, by Generals Jones 
 and Beauregard, but the statements of both are given. 
 
 Slowly the hours of the night passed, but as the sun rose 
 on the morning of July loth our batteries were unmasked, 
 and thirty-two guns and fifteen mortars opened fire upon 
 the Confederates, to their immense surprise. A few min 
 utes later, four monitors, the Weehawken, Commander E. 
 R. Calhoun ; the Nahant, Commander John Downs ; the 
 Kaatskill, Commander George H. Rodgers ; and the Mon- 
 tauk, Commander D. McN. Fairfax, which had crossed the 
 bar and taken positions from which some of the Confederate 
 batteries could be enfiladed and others taken in reverse, 
 opened fire with fifteen- and eleven-inch guns on the Con 
 federate left and the four howitzer launches pulled into posi 
 tion and opened on the right, and for nearly three hours 
 about sixty guns, some of them of the heaviest calibre, con 
 centrated a rapid and accurate fire on the Confederate posi 
 tion. 
 
 Some delay occurred in our getting off, and it was half- 
 past six before General Strong was finally signalled to ad 
 vance ; then we "pulled for the shore" at " Oyster Point" 
 in our front with vigor. The enemy saw us now, and their 
 batteries opened on us : they did such poor execution, how 
 ever, that they sunk but one of the boats, wounding two 
 men of the Sixth Connecticut, one of whom had his leg 
 
84 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 taken off, but he swam to another boat and was rescued 
 from drowning, although he died soon afterward from loss 
 of blood. 
 
 It was only a matter of a few moments that crossing 
 of Lighthouse Inlet, by the little flotilla of launches ; but 
 they were moments of intense excitement. A brilliant 
 writer has declared that in all the annals of modern war 
 no example can be found where an army thus approached 
 a hostile shore in boats, landed under a fire of artillery and 
 infantry, and drove the enemy from his fortifications. He 
 likens the descent on Morris Island to the landing of Caesar 
 on the coast of Britain and of William the Norman at 
 Hastings.* 
 
 The men at the oars pulled with their might ; in some 
 boats the men cheered ; in others they remained silent ; 
 it was no time for words ; in twenty minutes we were in the 
 surf. General Strong leaped ashore with the agility of a 
 deer, waved aloft his sword, and shouted to his troops, 
 " Come on, brigade !" It may be questioned if in all the 
 history of the war a more picturesque and striking figure 
 could have been seen than that of the young General as he 
 sprang into the surf that day and called on us to follow him. 
 He lost a boot in the mud and ran up the shelly beach in 
 his stocking-feet. He first ordered the Sixth Connecticut 
 ashore. They obeyed him with alacrity, and at the word 
 carried the sea-face of the earthworks on our right with but 
 little loss, as the enemy fled before them. Then General 
 Strong called for the Ninth Maine to attack the rifle-pits, 
 but the tide of the inlet was so strong that they had been 
 carried above the landing-place, and could not reach the 
 shore in time. The Seventy-sixth Pennsylvania and Third 
 New Hampshire were in the same plight. Then the General 
 called for the Forty-eighth New York ; the sailors at the 
 oars in our boats put us ashore in quick time, and without 
 waiting for further orders we dashed ahead and quickly 
 
 *See "Afloat and Ashore," by Charles Cowley. 
 
MORRIS ISLAND. 85 
 
 drove the rebels out of the first line of the rifle-pits, then 
 by a flank movement out of the second. It was at that mo 
 ment that we met the first terrific volley straight in our 
 faces from rebel guns ; and there fell dead at the head of 
 his men Captain Lent of Company A the first officer of 
 the regiment to be killed in battle. But no man stopped; 
 the whole brigade was now ashore, and all rushed on over 
 sand-dunes and batteries, past the Beacon House, and on in 
 the glare of the sun that had now risen, with cheers and 
 shouts, and an eager, impetuous " forward," without stop 
 ping either to tend the wounded or mourn the dead. " It 
 
 BEACON HOUSE, MORRIS ISLAND. 
 
 was a glorious victory." We captured twelve guns and one 
 hundred prisoners, with many tents and much camp equip 
 age, stores, several Confederate flags, one of which bore the 
 inscription " Pocotaligo," and a number of small arms. By 
 ten o clock we had captured two thirds of the island. The 
 Confederates retreated before us precipitately behind the 
 breastworks of Fort Wagner. Our skirmishers pushed up 
 to within musket-range of that fortress and were halted. 
 The sun was now high in the heavens aiHd blazed down its 
 scorching rays upon our heads ; the sand blistered our feet; 
 the long night of anxiety and wakefulness, the run of three 
 miles up the beach and over the sand-hills, had exhausted 
 the men. General Strong thought that we could go no far- 
 
86 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 ther, and ordered a halt in order that we might rest and 
 reinforcements be brought up from the rear. The remain 
 ing companies of our regiment, which had also crossed the 
 inlet under fire with the reserve brigade, soon joined us, 
 but that halt in front of Fort Wagner, which seemed at the 
 time to be the act of prudence, if not of necessity, had for 
 us all most fatal consequences. The continuation of our 
 dash for half a mile farther would have swept the enemy 
 that morning off Morris Island, and captured, with a com 
 paratively little loss of life, that great earthwork, Battery 
 Wagner, whose strength was not then anticipated, but which 
 was destined to defy us for months to come, and before 
 whose flaming parapets the majority of us were yet to fall. 
 A Confederate account contains the following passage : 
 " Only a little dash on the part of the Union army would 
 have given them the whole island : all they had to do was 
 to press on with even one half of the troops they had land 
 ed. In my opinion, it did not justify their excess of pru 
 dence ; fortunately, however, it saved us." 
 
 For once, we think that " Confederate s" opinion was cor 
 rect. True we were greatly wearied, but we had not run far 
 ther than the enemy, and they were dispirited by flight while 
 we were buoyant with victory. The capture of Morris 
 Island was, however, a splendid achievement. We had done 
 an unheard-of thing in modern military history, and though we 
 had made the assault and the enemy had but defended their 
 earthworks, their casualties far outnumbered ours: they 
 lost in killed, wounded, and captured 294, of whom 127 were 
 prisoners ; our losses were officially reported as 53 killed and 
 wounded of whom 14 were killed. But four companies of 
 the Forty-eighth were engaged, yet our losses were heavier 
 than that of any other regiment, since we had done the 
 most severe fighting ; Captain Lent was especially mourned 
 by his brother officers, and indeed he was beloved by all the 
 men, and his death was universally lamented. 
 
 General Seymour commended very highly the conduct of 
 his troops : 
 
MORRIS ISLAND. 87 
 
 " For the brilliant vigor," he says, "with which the movements of 
 his brigade were conducted the greatest credit is due to Brigadier- 
 General Strong, whose personal example was heroism itself. His re 
 port justly praises his subordinate commanders, and to those I must 
 refer; but I must mention particularly the excellent conduct of Colonel 
 Chatfield, Sixth Connecticut, who led his regiment in the advance up 
 Morris Island until its colors were riddled by the close fire from Bat 
 tery Wagner. But to the hearty devotion and the cheerful courage 
 of the soldiers of this division, in the patient labors in preparing for 
 the battle and the ready courage with which they fought it, must, after 
 all, be given the highest honors, and their gallant conduct in this 
 brilliant action will always be to their commanders and their country 
 the source of just pride." 
 
 The victory of Morris Island has not received much atten 
 tion from historians. I have been unable to find more than 
 a passing account of it anywhere, but it was one of the few 
 occasions in the war when we successfully surprised the 
 enemy in an important engagement, and it may be doubted 
 if such great results were accomplished with such small 
 losses, and certainly never in such a picturesque manner, 
 throughout the war. Nothing had been neglected, nothing 
 unanticipated, and the entire movement was a perfect suc 
 cess. The only criticism that can be made upon it is that 
 already noted we should have gone on.; Fort Wagner had 
 been ours that day at small cost, but no one then supposed 
 that we were yet confronted by any such formidable earth 
 work as " Battery Wagner" proved itself to be. The night 
 of July loth we rested, weary enough, sleeping on the sand. 
 We had foraged a little that afternoon among the deserted 
 rebel camps. The writer remembers that he captured a pig. 
 Reinforcements had arrived, a pontoon bridge had been 
 thrown across the inlet ; we were not afraid of a counter-as 
 sault, for we had now men enough on the island to have 
 formed a solid wall across it, many ranks deep. We went 
 to sleep therefore that night feeling that the worst was over, 
 and supposing that the island practically was ours, and that 
 the rebels in Fort Wagner and at Cumming s Point would 
 probably withdraw during the night. General Beauregard 
 
88 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 was greatly blamed by the Confederate authorities for per 
 mitting himself to be surprised by the erection of our bat 
 teries on Little Folly Island. The Confederate Secretary of 
 War wrote him a long letter of inquiry concerning it. Of 
 course he denied it, and laid the blame on somebody else ; 
 but the fact remains that he was surprised, as more candid 
 Confederate military authorities now freely admit. 
 
 It was determined that Fort Wagner should be carried by 
 assault early the next morning. Three regiments of the 
 " fighting brigade" were selected to make the assault. They 
 were the four companies of the Seventh Connecticut, com 
 manded by Lieutenant-Colonel Rodman, the Ninth Maine, 
 and Seventy-sixth Pennsylvania. General Strong led them 
 in person. Haply the Forty-eighth was not selected for 
 immolation that morning, possibly because of its more 
 serious losses on the day before. The splendid charge of 
 that early morning July nth has been shamefully belit 
 tled in history. True it was overshadowed by the great as 
 sault which was made seven days afterwards, but it was on 
 the part of one regiment at least, the Seventh Connecticut, a 
 magnificent deed of valor. They formed at five o clock in the 
 morning, and at the word ran forward to the assault. They 
 drove in three lines of pickets and received their successive 
 fire straight in their faces, without firing a shot in return. 
 The Seventh reached the ditch ; the other regiments failed 
 to come up in support. Their behavior has been severely 
 criticised. The writer, however, will not permit himself to- 
 do so. The men of one regiment were likely to be as brave 
 as those of another ; and if some regiments \vere superior 
 to others, those which were inferior were so generally, by 
 the fault of their officers. It is said that when General 
 Strong found that the Seventy-sixth Pennsylvania and the 
 Ninth Maine failed to come on to the support of the gallant 
 Seventh Connecticut, he burst into tears, exclaimed bitterly, 
 " It is useless," and ordered a retreat. I am disposed to 
 think, after as careful a study as I have been able to make 
 of the assault, that Major J. W. Hicks, who commanded 
 
MORRIS ISLAND. 89- 
 
 the Seventy-sixth Pennsylvania, prompted possibly by over- 
 zeal, attacked a different angle of the work rather than fol 
 low the Seventh Connecticut in support, as he had been 
 ordered to do. Though at the time they were blamed for 
 the failure of the -assault, lam unwilling, after more than 
 twenty years, to reflect upon the valor of a gallant regi 
 ment which left in front of Fort Wagner that morning five 
 officers and 130 men out of some 350 who were engaged. 
 The losses of the Ninth Maine were but 34. 
 
 Survivors of the Forty-eighth will remember distinctly wit 
 nessing that assault from the summits of the sand-hills, that 
 early morning. The rush of the Seventh Connecticut like 
 a wave up the beach, its recoil also before the terrible and 
 deadly volleys which were poured into it. The assault failed 
 in everything, except in demonstrating the great and unex 
 pected strength of " Battery Wagner." The Confederate 
 losses were very small, only one officer and five privates killed 
 and the same number wounded ; our losses have never been 
 accurately reported, but they must have been very heavy 
 in proportion to the number engaged. The Confederates- 
 claim to have buried 95 of our men, mostly of the Seventh 
 Connecticut, within their lines, and to have captured 113 
 prisoners, 40 of whom were wounded. There is a state 
 ment also that 350 wounded men from that assault were 
 carried on the steamer Cosmopolitan to Hilton Head ; among 
 them was Major Hicks of the Seventy-sixth Pennsylvania, 
 and Lieutenant-Colonel Rodman, the heroic commander of 
 the Seventh Connecticut, who was severely wounded in the 
 leg. He was the only man brought off from the slopes of 
 the work. 
 
 Much confusion has arisen in the various sketches of the 
 campaign on Morris Island by coupling the losses of the 
 loth with those of the nth of July. The battles, how 
 ever, were clearly distinct. By the courtesy of Captain 
 Wm. J. Carlton, to whom I am not a little indebted for 
 data, etc., a copy of a Confederate account of the assault 
 has been obtained, which was printed in a Charleston^ 
 
9O FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 paper of April 18, 1883, from the pen of Colonel J. H. Rion, 
 who commanded the enemy s picket -lines that morning. 
 He writes as follows : 
 
 " At peep of day my attention was called to a^dark mass approach 
 ing my front. When about twenty-five yards off I ordered the videttes 
 to fire by file/ which they did ; then the whole battalion rose, formed 
 lines, and gave an almost simultaneous yell. This meant for me All 
 right ; for Battery Wagner, They are coming. My first line had come 
 to a ready ; we could see the beard on the faces of the Federals; 
 * Aim fire ! Then a sheet of fire bursts into the advancing line ; this 
 doubles up their front, but on comes the body at a double-quick ; we 
 fall back, loading as we retire, and form on the left of the second line. 
 Coming to a ready, Aim fire ! and we pour another volley into their 
 faces ; their front staggers, but on come the survivors at a stately 
 double-quick; we fall back to the third line, the whole battalion com 
 ing to a ready ; they are now within ten steps of us ; Aim fire ! for 
 the last time ; the effect is terrific it appears as when a wind strikes 
 the stalks of a wheat-field. I actually felt sorry for them : it was 
 war, and hence fair, but it did seem to me that we were taking an 
 unfair advantage of them ; they could not stop to fire upon us, for 
 time was all-important to them ; their success depended on reaching 
 the battery without delay, and hence they had to receive these dreadful 
 -volleys without responding ; the enemy dashed on, but barely gave us 
 time to reach the inside of the works before they were repulsed. The 
 Seventh Connecticut, under Colonel Rodman, led the attacking party. 
 It behaved gallantly, not only upon this occasion but likewise at Fort 
 Pulaski, and was never known to flinch anywhere." 
 
 This tribute to the courage of our brave comrades of the 
 Seventh Connecticut, by the first " rebel " they met that 
 early morning, is as graceful as it is deserved. 
 
 I here add also the account of the Confederate General 
 Jones, although it contains a quotation from the report of 
 General Strong, which lays the blame of the failure upon 
 the two regiments in support : 
 
 " The assault of Battery Wagner, which the troops were too much 
 exhausted to attempt on the loth, was made about day-dawn the next 
 imorning by General Strong. 
 
 "The garrison of Wagner at that time consisted of the shattered 
 remainder of the troops which had contested the landing the previous 
 
MORRIS ISLAND. 9 1 
 
 morning, namely, the Twenty-first South Carolina Regiment, about 
 two hundred men, under Major J. G. W. Mclver ; twenty men of Com 
 pany D, First South Carolina Infantry, Lieutenant Horlbeck com 
 manding; and seventy men of Companies E, H, and I, First South 
 Carolina Artillery, under Captain John C. Mitchell ; also the Gist 
 Guard, Captain C. E. Chichester, and Mathews Artillery, Captain J. 
 R. Mathews, which had occupied the battery on the roth ; the Seventh 
 South Carolina Battalion, about three hundred men, Major J. H. 
 Rion commanding ; four companies each of the First Georgia Regi 
 ment, Colonel C. H. Olmstead ; and Twelfth Georgia Battalion, Lieu 
 tenant-Colonel H. D. Capers; and three companies of the Eighteenth 
 Georgia Battalion, Major W. S. Basinger in all about five hundred 
 men, Colonel Olmstead commanding. The aggregate force was 
 about twelve hundred men. 
 
 "The South Carolinians manned the guns and the right and right 
 centre of the ramparts. The Georgians, who arrived in the night of 
 the roth, guarded the left and left centre of the work. The Eigh 
 teenth Battalion occupied the southeast bastion, the First Georgia 
 along the sea-front to the left, the Twelfth Georgia Battalion to the 
 right, connecting with the Carolinians. Lieutenant-Colonel Yates 
 commanded the artillery and Colonel R. F. Graham (Twenty-first 
 South Carolina) the whole. 
 
 " THE ASSAULTING COLUMN. 
 
 "General Strong formed his brigade before day-adwn. The assault 
 ing column consisted of the battalion of the Seventh Connecticut, 
 the Seventy-sixth Pennsylvania, and the Ninth Maine. The Seventh 
 Connecticut led the advance, Lieutenant - Colonel Rodman com 
 manding. The Third and Seventh New Hampshire were held in re 
 serve. The battalion of the Seveitth Connecticut was deployed in 
 line in front, followed closely in the order named by the Seventy- 
 sixth Pennsylvania and Ninth Maine, each formed in close divisions. 
 They w r ere ordered to carefully preserve their intervals and when the 
 Confederates should open fire to rush forward with a cheer, mount 
 the parapet, and carry the battery by storm. 
 
 "WHAT LOST THE BATTLE. 
 
 " General Strong commanded in person. His instructions were 
 most faithfully carried out by Lieutenant-Colonel Rodman, who led 
 his Seventh Connecticut men under a brisk fire of cannon and 
 musketry to the ditch, and some of them to the top of the parapet, 
 where, it is reported, they bayoneted two Confederate gunners. 
 
92 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 " But unfortunately/ says General Strong in his report, when 
 the enemy opened fire simultaneously along the whole line, and with 
 a range of two hundred yards, the Seventy-sixth Pennsylvania halted 
 and lay down upon the ground. Though they remained in this posi 
 tion but a few moments and afterwards moved gallantly forward, 
 some of them even to the ditch, that halt lost the battle, for the in 
 terval was lost, and the Seventh Connecticut, unsupported, were 
 driven from the parapet. The whole column, including the Ninth 
 Maine, which had reached the ditch on the left, gave way and re 
 treated from the field. 
 
 " The garrison of Wagner had of course expected an attack, and 
 was on the alert all night. When the column was seen advancing in 
 the dim light of early dawn Colonel Graham deliberately held his fire 
 until his enemy was within close range, then opened simultaneously 
 along his whole line, firing rapidly and continuously until the last 
 man of the rapidly retreating column was under cover of the sand 
 hills. 
 
 " GALLANTRY OF THE SEVENTH CONNECTICUT. 
 
 " The Seventh Connecticut was particularly distinguished on this 
 occasion. Unsupported, and when there seemed no hope of success, 
 some of the men persisted with great daring in their efforts to force 
 an entrance into the work. One brave man sprang to the parapet in 
 front of a thirty-two-pounder, double-charged with grape-shot. Lieu 
 tenant Gilchrist of South Carolina, in command of the gun, struck 
 by the man s fearless bearing, called to him to come in before the gun 
 was fired. As quick as thought the man s rifle was levelled and a ball 
 whizzed by Gilchrist s head. The discharge of the gun followed, and 
 the man was hurled across the ditch a mangled corpse. This regi 
 ment had been the first to enter Fort Pulaski when it was captured 
 the year before, and tfte officers and men had behaved with much 
 kindness towards Colonel Olmstead and his men who were captured 
 on that occasion. Among the prisoners captured at this time were 
 many of this regiment, who recognized their former prisoners, call 
 ing them by name and were received by them with as much kind 
 consideration as the circumstances permitted. 
 
 "THE FEDERAL LOSS. 
 
 " General Strong in his official report to General Gillmore, made on 
 the day of the assault, states that his loss that morning was eight 
 officers and three hundred and twenty-two non-commissioned officers 
 and privates. Among the severely wounded was Lieutenant-Colonel 
 Rodman of the Seventh Connecticut. Captain Gray, who succeeded 
 
MORKIS ISLAND, 93 
 
 to the command of the battalion of the Seventh Connecticut, reports 
 that one hundred and ninety-one men of the battalion went to the 
 assault and that one hundred and three of them were killed, wounded, 
 and missing, and he adds that their mess contained eleven officers 
 that morning before the assault and but four after it. 
 
 " The Confederate loss in the assault was one officer and five en 
 listed men killed, and one officer and five enlisted men wounded." 
 
 After the repulse of July nth, General Gillmore and Ad 
 miral Dahlgren held a consultation, and it was determined 
 to erect batteries and to level the parapets of Fort Wagner 
 by a bombardment before it was again attempted to carry 
 it by assault. 
 
 The very next day work began battery-building across 
 the island, 1350 yards from the Confederate fort; and day 
 and night for the next week the work was pushed forward. 
 Guns and mortars were brought from the batteries on Folly 
 Island and mounted on the works on Morris Island. Twen 
 ty-six guns were soon in position. They were three-inch 
 rifle pieces, lo-pounder Parrott s, 30 pounder Parrotts, 20- 
 pounder Parrotts, and eight-inch siege mortars. Battery 
 Wagner was mostly armed with what the rebels called sea- 
 coast howitzers guns which at short range upon assaulting 
 columns were capable of the most deadly work. Lines of 
 rifle-pits were thrown across the island in front of our bat 
 teries and were constantly being advanced, and duty in the 
 rifle-pits now became a fiery ordeal to the men. The guns 
 of Fort Wagner were never silent. 
 
 From Fort Johnson, also on James Island, from Fort Sum- 
 ter, and Battery Gregg they converged upon our lines a 
 most deadly fire. But the work went steadily on from the 
 nth to the 1 8th of the month, building batteries, mounting 
 guns, and preparing for the great bombardment and the 
 great assault. The regiment remained in its position, 
 among the sand-hills in the rear of the batteries when the 
 men were not on picket. This chapter may well conclude 
 with an account of the only incident of any moment that 
 befell us before the fatal assault of July i8th. In the night 
 of the 1 3th or the early morning of the I4th the enemy made 
 
94 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 
 
 a sortie upon our picket-lines, which happened at the time 
 to be manned by Companies C and D of the Forty-eighth. 
 These companies had three telescopic rifles, with which from 
 the rifle-pits they were able to pick off the gunners and so 
 to silence the guns on Wagner. The sortie was supposed 
 to have been made because of their exasperation on that 
 account. A Confederate soldier, however, whom the writer 
 met on his recent visit to Charleston, and who participated 
 in it, assured him that it was made rather to test the 
 strength of our lines. The commander of the sortie him 
 self asserted that it was for the further purpose of capturing 
 two or three prisoners, from whom General Beauregard 
 wished to seek -information concerning the number of our 
 forces. The sortie was under the command of Major Rion 
 of the Seventh South Carolina battalion, and his party con 
 sisted of 150 men. They came down upon our picket with 
 a rush and a yell, and a hand-to-hand struggle in the dark 
 ness ensued. The Confederates call it a reconnoissance, but 
 it was an expensive one to them. They acknowledge the 
 loss of two killed, nine wounded, and three missing; but the 
 loss must have been much greater. In the midst of the 
 melee a rebel sergeant tried to capture Lieutenant John M. 
 Tantum ; but that stalwart Soldier simply threw his arms 
 around the rebel, lifted him up, and carried him bodily to 
 the rear, a prisoner. Our losses were one killed, two 
 wounded, and two taken prisoner ; one of the wounded was 
 the writer s bunk-mate at Fort Pulaski, Stacy K. Duffle : he 
 was shot in the leg after he had surrendered. After the 
 melee he was borne on a stretcher down the beach to the hos 
 pital ; he died of his wound. The two prisoners were Pri 
 vates John L. Wilgus of Company D and James A. Nesbitt 
 of Company C. Eight months afterward, the writer stood 
 by the side of Wilgus when he died in the prison-hospital 
 at Richmond. He had been perhaps the most religious 
 man of Company D, and the leader of the weekly prayer- 
 meetings, and to the hymns that he had sung that com 
 pany was indebted for their well-known sobriquet of the 
 " Die-no-mores." 
 
CHAPTER VI. 
 Fort Wagner July 18, 1863. 
 
 " Battery" Wagner Location Construction The Model at West Point 
 The Union Fleet The Bombardment The Confederate Garrison 
 Account of the Confederate General Taliaferro Strong s " Fighting 
 Brigade" Putnam s and Stephenson s Brigades in Support The 
 Three Assaults Charge of the Fifty-fourth Massachusetts Their Re 
 pulse Death of Colonel Shaw Charge of Strong s Brigade The 
 Sixth Connecticut and Forty-eighth New York in Advance Terrible 
 Slaughter Capture of the Southeast Bastion Confederate Account 
 Losses General Strong Mortally Wounded Charge of Putnam s Brigade 
 in Support Its Failure Lieutenant-Colonel Green Killed Colonel Bar 
 ton Wounded Captains Farrell and Hurst Killed Lieutenant Edwards 
 Killed Captain Paxson and Lieutenant Fox Mortally Wounded The 
 Defence of the Captured Bastion till Midnight The Mistaken Vol 
 ley from the Rear A Costly Blunder Calls for Reinforcements Why 
 they Never Came " Holding the Fort" Heroic " Privates" The 
 Midnight Surrender Account of Charles Cowley Account of Confeder 
 ate General Taliaferro "The Assailants Assailed" "Die-no-mores, 
 Follow Me" Experiences of Private Conklin Blunders Medals Fate 
 of the Prisoners Fort Wagner Twice Revisited Its Final Capture. 
 
 " ID ATTERY WAGNER," as it was called by the Confed 
 erates (" Fort" Wagner by the Federals), was located 
 by General Pemberton in 1862, but it was greatly enlarged and 
 strengthened by General Beauregard, who succeeded Pem 
 berton in the command of the Confederate forces in the fall of 
 that year. He added traverses between its land-guns, three 
 heavy guns to its sea-face, and built the enormous bomb- 
 proofs which so successfully sheltered its garrisons through 
 the several bombardments. Its precise situation was three 
 quarters of a mile south of Cummings Point on Morris 
 Island, and one and a half miles from Fort Sumter. -It ran 
 from the sea to Vincent s Creek across a narrow point of 
 
g6 FORTY- EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 the island. It had a bastioned front, and was so strongly 
 constructed that, in Beauregard s own words, " It successfully 
 withstood during fifty-eight days the heaviest land and 
 naval attacks known in history." Every device of skilful 
 military engineering was resorted to to render Wagner im 
 pregnable. Its location was a stroke of genius, for it was not 
 placed at the very narrowest point of the island, but some 
 hundred of yards back of it, so that it was many times wider 
 than the narrowest point in its front over which our ap 
 proaches had to be made ; yet the earthwork crossed the 
 entire island where it stood, with its flanks perfectly pro 
 tected by a marsh and creek on its right and the sea on its 
 left. It was provided also with a sluice-gate entrance to the 
 ditch, which retained the water admitted at high-tide. Its 
 garrisons could receive reinforcements and supplies at all 
 times from Cummings Point and Charleston. It was possi 
 ble also, from the location of other Confederate forts and 
 batteries, to bring to bear a concentrated and cross fire from 
 six separate points upon the space in its front ; and indeed it 
 was through such a fire that both the great assaults were 
 made, and despite it that Fort Wagner was ultimately taken 
 by siege. Its front was protected against assault by a heavy 
 line of palisading, by wire entanglements, torpedoes, and 
 every device known to ferocious warfare. One of these con 
 trivances of Beauregard s has properly been called " devilish." 
 On the sides of the ditch he placed a hedge of lances and spears 
 with long hickory handles, firmly set in the banks, close to 
 gether, forming chevaux-de-frise of hooks and blades of steel. 
 Also, along the bottom were laid thick planks, driven full of 
 sharp spikes, whose points were two and three inches high, 
 and were intended to impale the feet of the hardy assailants 
 who might dare to cross the ditch. The fort itself was built 
 entirely of sand, the only wood about it being the platforms 
 and gun-carriages and the palmetto logs used for the roofing 
 of the bomb-proof. It has been declared by competent mili 
 tary authority to have been almost an impregnable earth 
 work. 
 
FORT WAGNER. 97 
 
 I am happy to quote the following additional description 
 of it, from a Confederate authority (General Jones), and 
 especially as it gives what is believed to be a reliable account 
 of its armament and garrison upon that fatal day, July 18, 
 1863: 
 
 " BATTERY WAGNER. 
 
 " Battery Wagner was a field-work, made of sand and riveted with 
 turf and palmetto logs. It extended across the islands from the beach 
 on the east to Vincent s Creek on the west, and presented towards the 
 south a bastioned front of about two hundred and seventy-rive yards. 
 The parapets were very thick, and the ditch of moderate depth. The 
 space within the work was from east to west about two hundred yards, 
 and from north to south varied from twenty to seventy-five yards. On 
 this space to the west were quarters for officers and men, built of 
 wood, bomb-proof, capable of sheltering from eight hundred to a 
 
 thousand men, bomb-proof magazines, and heavy traverses. 
 
 
 
 "THE ARMAMENT. 
 
 "On the 1 8th of July the armament was one lo-inch columbiad,one 
 32-pounder rifle, one 42-pounder and two 32-pounder carronades, two 
 naval shell-guns and one 8-inch sea-coast howitzer, four smooth-bore 
 32-pounders, and one lo-inch sea-coast mortar in all thirteen, and one 
 light battery. Of those guns only the single lo-inch columbiad was 
 of much effect against the monitors. The Federal land-batteries were 
 beyond the range of nearly all of the other guns in Wagner. 
 
 "THE GARRISON AT BATTERY WAGNER. 
 
 " On the morning of the i8th the infantry of the garrison consisted 
 of the Thirty-first North Carolina, Lieutenant-Colonel C. W. Knight 
 commanding ; Fifty-first North Carolina, Colonel McKethen; and the 
 Charleston Battalion, Lieutenant-Colonel P. C. Gaillard. The artillery 
 was Captains W, T. Tatam s and Warren Adams companies of the 
 First South Carolina regular infantry, acting as artillery; Captains J. 
 T. Buckner s and W. J. Dixon s companies of the Sixty-third Georgia 
 Heavy Artillery, and Captain De Pass Light Battery in all an ag 
 gregate of about seventeen hundred men. The Charleston Battalion 
 and Fifty-first North Carolina were assigned to the defence of the 
 parapet in the order named from the right along the south front to 
 the gun-chamber opposite the door of the bomb-proof, which was on 
 the left or sea-front. The Thirty-first North Carolina extended along 
 the sea-face from the left of the Fifty-first to the sally-port towards 
 7 
 
98 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. V. S. VOLS. 
 
 Battery Gregg. A part of this regiment (the Thirty-first) was held in 
 reserve on the parade. 
 
 " OUTSIDE THE WORK. 
 
 "Two companies of the Charleston Battalion, Captain Julius A. 
 Blake commanding, were outside of the work guarding the left gorge 
 and sally-port. Two of Captain De Pass field-pieces were also outside 
 of the work on the traverse near the sally-port. Colonel E. B, Harris, 
 Chief of Engineers, had that day placed a howitzer on the right of the 
 sally-port, outside of the beach, to co-operate with the guns on the 
 left. To avoid the delay, which in a sudden assault might prove fatal, 
 of assembling the men and marching them in military order to their 
 respective posts, every man was instructed individually as to the exact 
 point which he should occupy, and which, on an order to man the 
 parapets, he would be required to gain and hold. All of the artillery 
 was under the general command of Lieutenant-Colonel J. C. Simkins, 
 Chief of Artillery." 
 
 It was in the second and great attempt to carry this earth 
 work by assault on the night of July 18, 1863, that the 
 Forty-eighth Regiment achieved immortality. There is a 
 model of Fort Wagner prepared under the direction of Gen 
 eral Gillmore after its capture, and now preserved in the 
 museum of the Military Academy at West Point. Colonel 
 Wheeler, Professor of Engineering, uses it still in teaching 
 his classes of cadets. As an earthwork it was so perfect, 
 that it has come to be. a model. That model is harmless- 
 looking as it stands in the museum on the banks of the 
 peaceful Hudson, but the real Fort Wagner was not so : it 
 was the scene of the deadliest onslaught of the war; of wild 
 and pitiless carnage and blood and disaster, a scene of hate 
 and fury, a spot which resounded with curses and shrieks 
 and dying groans, a sea-shore along which to this day little 
 children never stroll on summer evenings to gather shells, 
 because of the ghastly human bones which every wave un 
 earths and washes up. 
 
 It was on that strip of barren sand in front of this impreg 
 nable earthwork that we found ourselves on the morning of 
 July 18, 1863. We had been now for eight days on Morris 
 
FORT WAGNER. 99 
 
 Island. Five formidable batteries had been erected by our 
 forces across the island in our front. The hour was ready 
 for the great bombardment, and early in the morning it be 
 gan. Dahlgren moved his monitors, ironsides, and gun 
 boats close up to the fort, and, regardless of the fire both of 
 Sumter and Wagner, all day long poured his heavy shells 
 with terrific effect, into that bank of sand. The ships were 
 the new Ironsides, the monitors Montauk, WecJiawken, 
 Patapsco, Nantucket, and Catskill, and the gun-boats Paul 
 Jones, Ottawa, Seneca, Chippewa, and Wissahickon, with six 
 mortar-boats. The land-batteries opened fire at the same 
 time, and a hundred guns (without a moment s intermission 
 through the day) concentrated their fire upon Wagner. 
 General Beauregard s report says, " The enemy s firing was 
 very rapid, averaging fourteen shots per minute, and unpa 
 ralleled until this epoch in the weight of projectiles thrown." 
 Within eleven hours, more than 9000 shell were hurled at 
 the grim fort. It was a magnificent spectacle as we wit 
 nessed it from the sand-hills on Morris Island. No one 
 would suppose that a human being, or a bird even, could live 
 for a moment upon that fort. The shells struck the great 
 banks, exploded, and threw the sand high in the air. They 
 beat the banks shapeless, and carried away nearly sixteen 
 feet of the sand covering the bomb-proof. After a few hours 
 the guns were silenced, and the garrison driven back to their 
 bomb-proofs under ground. The rebel fire from Fort 
 Sumter was kept up, however, all the day. 
 
 A new problem in the science of war was destined to be 
 solved that Saturday on Morris Island. It had been de 
 monstrated at Fort Pulaski that walls of brick could not 
 withstand modern projectiles ; would banks of earth and 
 sand successfully resist them? That was the crucial test of 
 that fiery summer s day. The armament of the fort was of 
 no moment. It was purely a question of passive resistance, 
 and the banks of sand stood the test. The garrison at Fort 
 Wagner on that day consisted of 1700 men the Charleston 
 battalion on the right, Fifty-first North Carolina in the cen- 
 
IOO FORTY-EIGHTH REGlMENl, N. Y. S. 
 
 tre, and the Thirty-first North Carolina, in the great south 
 east bastion on the sea-front. They were under the imme 
 diate command of General William B. Taliaferro, one of 
 * Stonewall " Jackson s veterans. We are fortunate in pos 
 sessing from his own pen a graphic account of that day s 
 battle, written and viewed, of course, from his standpoint. 
 He calls the bombardment a " tempest of fire." 
 
 "About a quarter past eight in the morning the storm broke : ship 
 after ship and battery after battery, and then apparently all together, 
 vomited forth their horrid flame, and the atmosphere was filled with 
 deadly missiles. It is impossible for any pen to describe, or for any 
 one who was not an eye-witness, to conceive the fatal grandeur of the 
 spectacle. Within the narrow limits of Wagner the sand came down 
 in avalanches. Huge vertical shells and those rolled over by the rico 
 chet shots from the ships buried themselves and then exploded, rend 
 ing the earth and forming great craters, out of which the sand and 
 iron fragments flew high into the air. It was a fierce sirocco freighted 
 with iron as well as sand. The sand flew over from the sea-shore 
 from the glacis, from the exterior slope, from the parapet, as it was 
 piled up and lifted and driven by resistless force, now in spray and 
 now almost in waves, over into the work, the men sometimes half- 
 buried by the moving mass. Our chief anxiety was about the maga 
 zines. The profile of the fort might be destroyed, the ditch filled up, 
 the traverses and bomb-proof barracks knocked out of shape, but the 
 protecting banks of sand would still afford their shelter ; but if the 
 coverings of the magazines were blown away and they became ex 
 posed, the explosion which would ensue would lift fort and garrison 
 into the air and annihilate all in general chaos. They were carefully 
 watched, and reports of their condition made at short intervals. . . . 
 The day wore on : thousands upon thousands of shells and round- 
 shot, shells loaded with balls, shells of gun s and shells of mortars, 
 percussion-shells exploding upon impact, shells with graded fuses, 
 every contrivance known to the arsenals of war, leaped into and around 
 the doomed fort ; yet there was no cessation. The sun seemed to 
 stand still, and the long midsummer day to know no night. Some 
 men were dead, and no scratch appeared on their bodies: the concus 
 sion had forced the breath from their lungs, and collapsed them into 
 corpses. . . . The commanding officer was buried knee-deep in sand, 
 and had to be rescued by spades from his imprisonment. The day 
 wore on ; hours followed, hours of anxiety and grim endurance, but no 
 respite ensued. At last night came not, however, to herald a cessation 
 
FORT WAGNER. IOI 
 
 of the strife, but to usher in a conflict still more terrible. More than 
 eleven hours had passed : the fort was torn and mutilated ; to the 
 outside observer it was apparently powerless, knocked to pieces and 
 pounded out of shape, the outline changed, the exterior slope full of 
 gaping wounds, the ditch half filled up; but the interior still preserved 
 its form and its integrity. Scarred and defaced, it was yet a citadel, 
 which although not offensive was defiant, It was nearly eight o clock 
 at night, but still twilight, when a calm came, and the blazing circle 
 ceased to glow with flame. The ominous pause was understood : it re 
 quired no signals to be read by those to whom they were not directed 
 to inform them that the supreme moment was now at hand : it 
 meant ASSAULT." 
 
 And it did mean assault the most terrible and the most 
 fatal in all the history of modern warfare, with the single 
 exception of the famous charge at Balaklava. " Strong s 
 fighting brigade" were in advance: less than a month be 
 fore, the regiments which composed it had been selected for 
 this very work. Already they had won a fine fame by their 
 dashing victory on the morning of July roth and the im 
 petuous assault on the morning of the nth, and they had 
 come to possess an enthusiastic affection for the young and 
 gallant commander, who did not drive them into battle, but 
 led them. Their career was brief, for on this night it passed 
 into final eclipse. Putnam s brigade was in support. Ste- 
 phenson s followed Putnam s. As the day wore on, the ru 
 mor ran round that we were to make a grand charge just 
 before nightfall, and carry that heap of defiant sand at the 
 point of the bayonet. We ate a hearty supper that night 
 (it was the last meal many a brave fellow ever needed) ; 
 each man received a ration of whiskey, and the regiments 
 were ordered to " fall in." They did so quickly, noiselessly, 
 and without confusion, and formed a mile of men in column 
 by company on the beach. The fire from the batteries 
 and the ships redoubled its fury as the columns were ga 
 thering for assault. Aids and orderlies rode up and down, 
 giving rapid orders. General Trumfen Seymour was in com 
 mand of the entire assaulting column ; General Strong led 
 his own brigade. Two things now happened the one of 
 
fO2 ^^FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N, Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 them contingent on the other which had a fatal effect. The 
 Fifty-fourth Massachusetts, a brave regiment of colored 
 troops, commanded by Colonel Robert G. Shaw, was sent to 
 the front. The purpose possibly was, that if glory should 
 be won in that assault, they should share it. Political con 
 siderations too often outweighed military ones in the war. 
 (The same thing happened again, and with more fatal conse 
 quences, at the explosion of the Petersburg mine a year 
 afterward.) Perhaps it would have been a spectacle in his 
 tory for negro soldiers to hftive led the assault that captured 
 the redoubtable bank of Fort Wagner and put the rebel 
 city of Charleston at the mercy of the Union arms. At any 
 rate they were assigned to Strong s brigade for the occasion, 
 and marched past us to the front. That would not have 
 been such a catastrophe (for the regiment acquitted itself 
 with the greatest valor), but precious moments of time were 
 lost. Before the assaulting columns were finally formed, a 
 storm also rose in the sky, and it grew dark suddenly. It 
 was that loss of priceless moments and the coming on of the 
 night which saved the rebel garrison in Fort Wagner from 
 being swept into the sea. Who will not recall his sensa 
 tions as he stood in his place in the ranks, as the night set 
 tled down upon us and we began to realize the fearfulness 
 of the assault we were about to attempt. To many a gal 
 lant fellow those moments were the last of earth. 
 
 Before us lay the approach to the fort a gradual ascent, 
 1350 yards in distance, which had been smooth as a floor 
 before the bombardment. Then you came to the moat, 
 filled that night waist-deep with water; then a great bank 
 the exterior slope twenty-five feet in height rose before 
 you. Behind that, at the point where we struck it (the 
 sea-face bastion), was a terre-plein some fifty feet across, con 
 taining guns and magazines; then in the rear of that the 
 superior slope, nearly as high as the other ; and underneath 
 it all lines of underground bomb-proofs, roofed with pal 
 metto-logs and sand-bags, where the garrison was hidden in 
 security throughout the bombardment. 
 
FORT WAGNER. 1 03 
 
 Historical writers have insisted that there was but one 
 assault made on that fatal night : in fact there were three. 
 Technically speaking, it may be considered one general as 
 sault, but it was made by three distinct columns, at three 
 separate moments, with decided intervals between them, and 
 directed against two different angles of the fort. 
 
 The writer desires to call especial attention to this fact, 
 for only by bearing it in mind can the student of this brief 
 but sanguinary battle comprehend it. 
 
 The first assault was made by the Fifty-fourth Massachu 
 setts, against the curtain of the fort on the left : it failed. 
 The second assault was made by Strong s " fighting brig 
 ade," against the sea-face bastion in our front : it succeeded. 
 The third assault was made by Putnam s brigade in sup- 
 
 FORT WAGNER AT POINT OF FIRST ASSAULT. 
 
 port: it failed, and therefore finally it all failed ; and the only 
 success of that fiery hour was the triumph of those heroic 
 spirits who died that night on those ensanguined sands by 
 the side of the sea, that the American Republic might not 
 perish from off the earth. 
 
 In the sense in which it was all one general assault, 
 Colonel Shaw s colored regiment did lead it ; but in fact the 
 charge which they made was distinct, preceding the others, 
 was in different formation, and directed against a different 
 point. At the command of General Strong, the Fifty-fourth 
 Massachusetts moved forward, formed in column of wings, 
 the right resting on the sea. They obliqued to the left, 
 and attacked the curtain at the lai^d-face of Battery Wag 
 ner (not the sea-face salient, which we subsequently car 
 ried). They went forward to that charge 650 strong, com- 
 
104 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 manded throughout by white officers. Colonel Shaw s last 
 word to the major commanding the left wing of his regi 
 ment as he went to the front was, " We shall take the fort 
 or die there ; good-by." I would not disparage the brave 
 rush of that colored regiment to death. It has, however, 
 received not undue but disproportionate attention from 
 historians. They ran forward at the " double-quick," with a 
 magnificent courage ; we still remaining where we were, 
 standing in column on the beach. As they approached the 
 ditch they met a withering fire : the garrison outnumbered 
 them two to one. The rebels had exhumed their buried can 
 non and remounted them, and were at their posts behind the 
 parapets, defiant as ever. Before that fire of grape and 
 shrapnel and musketry the intrepid regiment of black men 
 broke : a few of them followed their brave Colonel through 
 the ditch and up the bank behind it, and planted their flag^ 
 in the most gallant manner upon the ramparts: there 
 Colonel Shaw was shot through the heart, and fell back dead 
 in the ditch ; many of his brave colored soldiers died by his 
 side, but others were seized with a furious panic, and fled to 
 the rear in dismay. 
 
 During their assault and at the moment of their re 
 pulse Strong s "fighting brigade" was still standing in 
 column by company upon the beach, awaiting the com 
 mand to go forward. Putnam s brigade was also formed 
 in their rear. In number they were about four thousand ; 
 in discipline and drill they were the finest soldiers of the 
 volunteer armies, for they had been two years in training ; 
 in spirit they were the choicest youth of the Republic, for 
 they had rushed to arms at her first call for help. There 
 they stood as night settled down upon them a mile of men 
 massed in solid column in the gathering gloom ; their faces 
 were blanched, for they knew now that Fort Wagner was not 
 evacuated nor disabled by the bombardment, and that its 
 garrison standing behind embankments which, " if no lon 
 ger offensive, were still defiant " was ready to give them 
 also a more deadly reception. It may be doubted if any 
 
FORT WAGNER. 
 
 105 
 
 man who never has known the experience of a moment like 
 that can conceive it. With blanched cheeks indeed, but 
 with undaunted hearts in face of imminent death, they de 
 termined that night to do their duty. The Sixth Connecti 
 cut was in advance ; the Forty-eighth New York was next 
 just at that fatal point in the column, as it proved, where the 
 direct fire and the enfilade would focus. The Third New 
 Hampshire, Seventy-sixth Pennsylvania, and Ninth Maine 
 followed. Suddenly the voice of General Strong rang clear 
 as he shouted the command, " Column, forward ! double- 
 quick march !" and forward on the full run they rushed. 
 The earth shook beneath their tread; the storm lulled, the 
 very sea beside them seemed to grow quiet ; the cannon- 
 
 FORT WAGNER SEA-FACE BASTION, POINT OF SECOND AND THIRD- 
 ASSAULTS. 
 
 firing of all the batteries and from all the ships suddenly 
 ceased ; grim and formidable the banks of Wagner lay 
 before them ; and there was silence everywhere, except 
 that Sumter kept up her fire incessantly, and the " tramp," 
 " tramp," " tramp," of the onrushing column, and by their 
 side the gentle swash of the sea. 
 
 When we had gone twelve hundred yards and the head of 
 the column was almost to the ditch, suddenly the parapets 
 were alive with men : they " yelled ;" they fired all their 
 muskets and their cannon straight in our faces. It was as 
 if the deepest pit of hell had vomited its hottest fires upon 
 you. It was as light as day, and that noble column reeled 
 and swayed and fell, shot through with grape and canister 
 and shrapnel the deadliest missiles of cruel war: these 
 
I06 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 crushed their way through the bared breasts of that daunt 
 less column of loyal blue, and levelled it to the earth. Oh, 
 it was pitiful ! The air was on fire everywhere, and the fire 
 seemed to have voices that now moaned and now cheered, 
 and now cried with pain ; the deadly volleys followed 
 each other faster than I can write of them ; the dead and 
 dying were piled in heaps, heroic, far up that fatal slope ; the 
 sea moaned, the thunder muttered in the sky. It grew dark 
 suddenly, and only the eye of God saw the survivors of that 
 shattered column pushing on toward the fort. Here was 
 one, yonder another, ten steps away a third all that were 
 left standing of the solid columns that had melted away in 
 the fires; but they did not halt, did not retreat they pressed 
 on. Those in the rear followed them, trampling down their 
 dead and dying comrades, stumbling over wire entangle 
 ments as they rushed in the dark towards the fort. We 
 struck the bank at its highest point, at what was called the 
 southeast bastion. The Thirty-first North Carolina defend 
 ed that position ; they have been falsely accused by the 
 Confederate commanders of cowardice. Beauregard claims 
 that they " disgracefully abandoned their position ;" General 
 Taliaferro, that " the southeast bastion was weakly defend 
 ed." It is a cruel and unjust accusation. They stood to 
 their guns as long as they could. The reader will discover 
 another reason for their panic and retreat: the "fighting 
 brigade" was- irresistible. It reached the moat, crossed it. 
 Many fell there under the terrible enfilades ; others im 
 paled their feet on spikes and blades of steel ; but the rest 
 climbed up that first bank, and step by step, with swords 
 drawn and bayonets fixed, without the firing of a single 
 :shot, without the speaking of a single word, drove the 
 enemy back, captured their guns, their magazine, followed 
 them as they fled in terror across the tcrre-plein, drove them 
 over the " superior slope ;" and at last a mere handful of 
 them, but all that remained of the " fighting brigade," stood 
 triumphant upon the rebel parapets, and the strongest bas 
 tion of Fort Wagner was taken. Then there rang a great 
 
FORT WAGNER. IO? 
 
 shout of victory over the sea, but it was lost in the shrieks 
 of pain that followed it around the world. 
 
 History has never been just to that assault; it has writ 
 ten it down a failure, and insisted that it was repulsed. It 
 is a remarkable fact that only the Confederate writers have 
 acknowledged that Strong s brigade, as a matter of fact, 
 DID CARRY THE STRONGEST BASTION OF THE FORT, AND 
 HELD IT FOR MORE THAN THREE HOURS. 
 
 What did the enemy think of us as we rushed towards 
 them that night ? Let me quote again from the narrative 
 of General Taliaferro : 
 
 "THE GRAND ASSAULT. 
 
 "A dark mass of the enemy s columns, brigade after brigade, were 
 seen in the fading twilight to approach. Line after line was formed 
 and then came the rush. Orders were given to Gaillard to hold his 
 fire and deliver no direct shot. As the assaulting columns came on 
 they were met by the withering volleys of McKethan s direct and Gail- 
 lard s cross fire, and by the direct discharge of the shell-guns, supple 
 mented by the frightful enfilading discharges of the lighter guns upon 
 the right and left. It was terrible ; but with an iinsurpassed gallantry 
 the Federal soldiers- breasted the storm and rushed onward to the glacis. 
 The Confederates, with the tenacity of bull-dogs and a fierce courage 
 which was aroused to madness by the frightful inaction to which they 
 had been subjected, poured from the ramparts and embrasures sheets 
 of flame and a tempest of lead and iron ; yet their intrepid assailants 
 rushed on like the waves of the sea by whose shore they fought ; they 
 fell by hundreds, but they pushed on, reeling under the frightful blasts 
 that almost blew them to pieces, up to the Confederate bayonets. The 
 southeast bastion was weakly defended (?), and into it a considerable 
 body of the enemy made their way. . . . But they left near a thousand 
 dead around the fort." 
 
 The above tribute from the pen of the Confederate Gen 
 eral who commanded Battery Wagner that night to the 
 courage of the undaunted men who faced his deadly fire is 
 the tribute of a brave man to brave men. The assaulting 
 columns everywhere else but at that single point, where the 
 " righting brigade" won its renown, were beaten back and 
 retreated. The men who had succeeded in capturing the 
 sea-face bastion were the survivors of the Sixth Connecticut 
 
108 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 and Forty-eighth New York (the two regiments that had 
 led the column), and a handful of brave fellows from other 
 regiments who had had the courage to join them. The 
 losses had been terrible : Beauregard estimates them at 
 three thousand. I have been unable to find a detailed re 
 port from any Federal authority of the casualties ; the most 
 moderate authorities estimate them as about two thousand 
 men. I quote once more from the narrative of the Confed 
 erate General Jones, in order that the reader may see this 
 great assault from every side. His estimate of the losses is 
 believed to be unexaggerated. The account now quoted be 
 gins at the time when we started upon the assault. 
 
 " Half the ground to be traversed before reaching Wagner was un 
 dulating with sand-hills, which afforded some shelter, but not so much 
 as to prevent free and easy movement ; the other half smooth and unob 
 structed up to the ditch. Within easy range of Wagner the marsh en 
 croached so much on the firm sand of the island as to leave but a 
 narrow way between it and the water. A few stirring words were ad 
 dressed by the officers to their troops, and the men responded with 
 cheers. 
 
 "THE ASSAULT. 
 
 " About half-past seven the assaulting column was hurled against 
 Wagner, with orders to use the bayonet only, the Federal artillery 
 continuing their fire over their heads as long as it could be done with 
 out risk to their own men. The Confederates at their posts were 
 straining their eyes to catch through the deepening twilight the first 
 glimpse of the enemy. When the head of the column came in view, 
 a rapid fire of grape and canister was opened, the fire from James 
 Island batteries was poured in on the flank. Sumter and Gregg, fir 
 ing over Wagner, plunged their shot into the advancing column and 
 the parapets of Wagner were lit up by a line of infantry fire. 
 
 " A HARD TASK IN HAND. 
 
 " The advancing column pressed defiantly forward, breasting the 
 storm of iron and lead which was rapidly thinning their ranks. The 
 Fifty-fourth Massachusetts broke and fled, large bodies of it falling 
 upon and with violence forcing their way through the ranks of the 
 advancing column, greatly heightening the general confusion. 
 
 "The storm of fire from Wagner had strewn the ditch and glacis 
 with killed and wounded. A few of the bravest of the different regi- 
 
FORT WAGNER. 1 09 
 
 ments, notably the Forty-eighth New York and Sixth Connecticut, con 
 tinued to press forward, bearing their colors and striving to reach the 
 ditch and mount the parapet ; but the brigade had been hopelessly re 
 pulsed ; its gallant commander, General Strong, was mortally wounded, 
 as was Colonel Chatfield. Colonel Shaw of the Fifty-fourth Massa 
 chusetts was killed, and many other officers killed and wounded. So 
 heavy was the fire and so great the disorder, that General Seymour 
 saw the necessity of immediate support and accordingly dispatched 
 his Assistant Inspector-General, Major Plympton of the Third New 
 Hampshire, to order up Colonel Putnam with his supporting brigade. 
 To his amazement Colonel Putnam positively refused to advance, be 
 cause, as he explained, he had been ordered by General Gillmore to 
 remain where he was. 
 
 "THE FIRST BRIGADE IN CONFUSION. 
 
 " In the mean time the First Brigade was urged on with admirable 
 spirit and gallantry by General Strong, who had been assured of 
 prompt support. But the destructive fire from Wagner was more 
 than his men could stand. 
 
 "PUTNAM S CONDUCT. 
 
 " What were Colonel s Putnam s feelings in the mean time perhaps 
 will never be known, but may with much certainty be conjectured. 
 He was a gallant young officer, and could not stand idly by at the head 
 of a fine brigade and see the command of his classmates and intimate 
 friends cut to pieces. After a disastrous delay and without orders, 
 says General Seymour, he led his brigade forward and pressed on to 
 the assault of the southeast angle through a destructive fire. 
 
 "AN UNGUARDED BASTION. 
 
 " It seems that the terrible bombardment of eleven hours had demor 
 alized the Thirty-first North Carolina Regiment. It did not respond 
 to the call to man the ramparts : the southeast bastion and sea- 
 front, to the defence of which it had been assigned, was therefore 
 unguarded. Colonel Putnam and a part of his brigade crossed the 
 ditch, which had been nearly filled with sand by the long bombard 
 ment, mounted the parapet and a hundred or more men gained pos 
 session of the southeast bastion." 
 
 This mistake of attributing to Colonel Putnam s brigade 
 the capture of the bastion, General Jones, in a private letter 
 to the writer, says that he was led to make by the report of 
 
IIO FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 General Seymour. The fact was that STRONG S BRIGADE took 
 the bastion, and although Putnam died within it, gallantly 
 coming to its relief, one regiment of his brigade by the mis 
 taken volley elsewhere described was the unhappy cause of 
 its final loss. 
 
 The account continues : 
 
 "Seeing the advantage gained by Colonel Putnam, General Seymour 
 had just dispatched an order by Major Plympton to General Steven 
 son to advance with his brigade to Colonel Putnam s support when he 
 too was severely wounded. Before he was carried from the field he 
 repeated the order to General Stevenson to advance, but the order 
 was not obeyed why, does not appear. 
 
 " THE CONFEDERATE LOSS. 
 
 " The Confederate loss was only one hundred and seventy-four 
 surprisingly small, thanks to the sheltering capacity of sand-works. The 
 loss on both sides had been unusually heavyin commissioned officers. 
 Among the Confederate killed were Lieutenant-Colonel J. C. Simkins, 
 First South Carolina Infantry ; Captain W. H. Ryan of the Charles 
 ton battalion ; Captain W. T. Tatem, First South Carolina Infan 
 try ; and Lieutenant G. W. Thompson, commanding company Fifty- 
 first North Carolina. Major David Ramsay of the Charleston bat 
 talion was severely wounded. Lieutenant-Colonel Simkins, as Chief 
 of Artillery, had directed the operations of that arm with admirable 
 skill and daring, and when the assault commenced mounted the para 
 pet to aid and encourage the infantry. There, on the ramparts in the 
 front, this admirable soldier and accomplished gentleman sealed his 
 devotion to our cause by an early but most heroic death. 
 
 "THE UNION LOSS. 
 
 " The Federal loss has not yet been officially ascertained. General 
 Taliaferro estimated it at not less than two thousand perhaps much 
 more. General Beauregard in his official report says their loss must 
 have been three thousand, as eight hundred bodies were interred in 
 front of Battery Wagner on the following morning. 
 
 " In a letter of the 2oth to Admiral Dahlgren General Gillmore tells 
 him that during the ten days from the beginning of his operations he 
 had lost thirty-three per cent of his troops in killed, wounded, miss 
 ing, and sick. He had commenced with somewhat more than thirteen 
 thousand on Morris and Folly Islands, and his tri-monthly report for 
 the 2oth of July shows an aggregate sick on those two islands of twelve 
 
FORT WAGNER. Ill 
 
 hundred and forty-one. It would seem therefore that General Beau- 
 regard s estimate was not excessive." 
 
 The defence of Fort Wagner was signalized by a courage 
 that was equal and a military skill that was superior to the 
 assault. General Seymour was wounded. General Gillmore 
 seems to have been too far to the rear to have brought 
 forward reinforcements promptly, and the brave General 
 Strong did his best to bring other regiments in support of 
 the Sixth Connecticut and Forty-eighth New York to hold 
 the salient they had taken, but so terrible had been the 
 slaughter that no one would heed him ; finally he placed 
 himself at the head of a battalion composed of what remained 
 of the immortal Seventh Connecticut, and to them he made 
 his last appeal. Here Strong fell, mortally wounded, before 
 he could come to our relief, and the command of the column 
 passed rapidly from one to another, until every Federal 
 Colonel and Lieutenant-Colonel present at the front had 
 fallen ; and when it finally broke, the ranking officer of the 
 brigade was Major Plympton of the Third New Hampshire, 
 who led part of its shattered fragments back into the gather 
 ing gloom. 
 
 The Second Brigade, commanded by Colonel Putnam 
 of the Seventh New Hampshire, did their best to rein 
 force us in the fort, making a furious charge : but there 
 had been unfortunate delays ; it was now pitch-dark, and 
 they were beaten back by the enfilades. Colonel Putnam 
 himself was killed, just as he reached the fort ; his regiment, 
 the Seventh New Hampshire, distinguished itself. 
 
 It was late in the night when the last shattered regiments 
 finally recoiled under the terrible fire ; their retreat was one of 
 unspeakable horror. From the ramparts behind them a mur 
 derous fire of grape and canister followed them on their way 
 back to the Union lines. Men fell by scores on the parapets 
 and rolled back into the ditch ; many were drowned in the 
 water, and others smothered by their own dead or wounded 
 companions falling upon them ; some dragged themselves to 
 
112 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. 
 
 the rear on their hands and knees through the sand. Per 
 haps in all the history of our war a more ghastly scene was 
 never witnessed than that on the beach and glacis of Fort 
 Wagner that night, where, piled on one another in ditches, 
 with bleeding wounds, parched with thirst, writhing in pain, 
 still under the terrible fires of batteries that were not silenced, 
 and lying in ridges where the enfilade had ploughed them 
 down, more than a thousand Union soldiers awaited the 
 coming of the day. The Confederates claim to have buried 
 next morning eight hundred dead upon the ocean beach. 
 Among the killed were Colonels Putnam of the Seventh 
 New Hampshire and Shaw of the Fifty-fourth Massachu 
 setts, and Lieutenant-Colonel James M. Green of the Forty- 
 eighth New York. Among the mortally wounded were 
 Brigadier-General George C. Strong, the commander of the 
 "fighting brigade," and Colonel Chatfield of the Sixth Con 
 necticut. Among the seriously wounded were General Sey 
 mour, Colonels Barton (Forty-eighth New York), Jackson, 
 and Emery. But these are only the names of the more 
 prominent general and field officers. In the Forty-eighth, 
 in addition to Colonel Barton (he was severely wounded in 
 the thigh) and Lieutenant-Colonel Green (he was shot dead 
 inside the fort on the " superior slope"), Captains Farrell 
 and Hurst and Lieutenant Edwards were killed, and Captain 
 Paxson and Lieutenant Fox mortally wounded ; Captains 
 Lockwood, Elfwing, Swartwout, and Coan, and Lieutenants 
 Miller, Barrett, Taylor, and Acker, were wounded. The 
 Forty-eighth went into that assault with eight companies 
 and nearly five hundred men, and with sixteen officers. The 
 next morning but eighty-six men answered to the roll-call. 
 Fifteen of the sixteen officers were killed or wounded. Such 
 mortality was unparalleled in the war. It was a very deluge 
 1 of death through which those immortal columns had tried 
 to fight their way to victory ; and they did it. 
 
 For now it remains for me to record a hitherto unwritten 
 chapter of history. A mere chronicler of the deeds of a sin 
 gle regiment, and not a professional military historian, might 
 
FORT WAGNER. . 
 
 be deemed presumptuous to pretend to contribute new facts 
 to history ; but it is as true as lamentable, that no one has yet 
 attempted to write with any fulness the history of the assault 
 on Fort Wagner. Fragmentary records of the deeds of cer 
 tain regiments have been published, but the career of our 
 armies in the whole Department of the South yet awaits a 
 competent historian. The confusion of that night assault was- 
 so great, the final disaster so overwhelming, the chief partici 
 pants all dead or disabled, the only persons capable of tell 
 ing the entire story captured, marched away to rebel prisons, 
 and destined not to return for months and years, and the 
 general-in-chief of the command seemingly ignorant to this 
 day of what actually transpired on the parapets of Wagner in 
 the darkness of that awful night these may be the causes 
 why this history has remained unwritten ; but that it should 
 be reserved for Confederate military writers to first acknowl 
 edge a deed of unexampled valor by Federal soldiers nine 
 teen years after its occurrence, is certainly noteworthy. My 
 authorities for the remarkable narrative I am now about to 
 relate are the Confederate General Taliaferro, the memories 
 of my comrades, and my own. 
 
 The reader who would understand the precise situation 
 must keep clear the distinction between the three separate 
 assaults. The first (that of Colonel Shaw s Fifty-fourth 
 Massachusetts), against the curtain on the land-face of Bat 
 tery Wagner, had failed within ten minutes after it began. 
 The second assault, made chiefly by the two leading regi 
 ments of Strong s brigade, the Sixth Connecticut and the 
 Forty-eighth New York, not moving in column of wings as 
 the Fifty-fourth Massachusetts did, but in column by com 
 pany at close order, and directed not against the curtain of 
 the fort, but straight against its most, precipitate parapets on 
 the sea-face, did not fail, but succeeded. Strong s " fighting 
 brigade" perished that night, but it was not beaten. Its 
 object was the capture of that sea-face bastion against which 
 it was hurled ; and it took that bastion, every inch of it, in a 
 hand-to-hand encounter with the Thirty-first North Carolina, 
 8 
 
114 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 whom it drove from their positions step by step, and gained 
 possession of the entire salient. The writer estimates (in 
 round figures) that as many as seven or eight hundred 
 men succeeded in forcing their way into that bastion, 
 while it was in our possession ; that four or five hundred fell 
 there ; that one or two hundred succeeded in making their 
 escape back to the Union lines after they became convinced 
 of the folly of longer attempting to hold it ; and it is known 
 that one hundred and forty men, who persisted in holding 
 what they had taken at such terrible cost, were, after between 
 three and four hours of most desperate fighting, finally over 
 whelmed and taken prisoners. But from shortly after eight 
 o clock at night until twelve o clock midnight they succeeded 
 in defending the fortifications they had taken, despite re 
 peated assaults of the enemy. They were cut down also 
 by a most fearful volley from a regiment of their own men 
 when Putman s brigade made the assault in their support. It 
 was a mistake, of course, growing out of the dreadful con 
 fusion that existed everywhere, and possible only, I suppose, 
 because of the pitch-darkness of the night, and the loss 
 of division, brigade, and regimental commanders, who had 
 been shot down before its occurrence. The lack of definite 
 information as to the precise situation of our forces within 
 the fort, and the lack of care in seeking such information, 
 led the second brigade, hurrying up to reinforce us, to shoot 
 us down from the rear as fatally as the enemy had done 
 from the front. As nearly as I can now fix the time of these 
 three assaults, they were as follows: The Fifty-fourth Massa 
 chusetts made their charge at about 7.45 P.M., Strong s 
 brigade at 8.5, and Putman s brigade at 8.30. We had been 
 therefore inside the fort clinging to its further bank, send 
 ing frequent messages -to the rear with information of our 
 position and calling for reinforcements for nearly half an 
 hour before they came up the beach behind us, crossed the 
 ditch, and, reaching the first parapet, fired a whole volley 
 at point-blank range into us. It was then that Colonel 
 Barton fell, and hundreds of brave fellows who had survived 
 
FORT IVAGNER. 11$ 
 
 that storm of fire in their front went down before the volley 
 of their own comrades from the rear. It was one of those 
 mistakes never to be accounted for, nor atoned for, in war. 
 I have no doubt that, exasperated by such a stupid blunder, 
 some of the men within the fort fired back at their assailants 
 on the parapet behind them. At least they broke and re 
 treated, and left us there, still holding the salient, but 
 greatly reduced in numbers. There was never a better 
 illustration of the wisdom of the famous order of General 
 Anthony Wayne at the storming of Stony Point, " Empty 
 your cartridge-boxes and trust to your bayonets." Had 
 that been done that night, before they reached us with their 
 bayonets, Colonel Dandy s One Hundredth New York 
 would have discovered that we were their friends. Messen 
 gers were sent continually to the rear pleading for reinforce 
 ments to help us hold the salient till daylight. Sometimes 
 a wounded man would volunteer to drag himself away and 
 bring some one to our relief. Why they never came we 
 could not understand. Stevenson s brigade was still in 
 reserve, and had they reinforced us our position was secure. 
 The lack of reliable information in the rear seems to have 
 been the difficulty, and there appears to have been a strange 
 lack of faith in the assurances of the messengers who did 
 reach our lines and applied to General Stevenson to come 
 forward to our support. In the history of the Ninety-seventh 
 Pennsylvania, written by Major Isaiah Price, I find the fol 
 lowing acknowledgments : 
 
 " An aid of General Seymour came to Colonel Guss with orders for 
 the Ninety-seventh to advance, stating that Strong s forces had entered 
 Fort Wagner, and were engaged in a hand-to-hand conflict with the 
 enemy, and needed immediate help. The order claimed to have the 
 sanction of General Stevenson; but, owing to the conflicting intelli 
 gence received frcyn the front, and the perplexity attendant upon the 
 extreme darkness of the night, it was impossible to be entirely satis 
 fied of the reliability of a verbal order from an aid not personally 
 known to the officer receiving it." . . . Yet "the regiment was imme 
 diately advanced under a heavy fire of musketry. After marching 
 about two hundred yards, meeting a large number of wounded soldiers 
 
Il6 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 struggling back, General Stevenson appeared at the head of the 
 regiment, and then rode rapidly toward the fort. He soon returned, 
 ordered a halt about face, and sent the regiment back to its former 
 position. In a little while he sent another message to the regiment as 
 follows : It is reported that our troops have effected a lodgment upon 
 one angle of the fort and retain possession of it. You will move up 
 and ascertain if this is correct, and, if true, you will open com muni 
 tion with that force and render whatever assistance is required. " 
 
 But they did not come : they claim to have marched for 
 ward, and meeting some rebel pickets, came to the conclu 
 sion that we had surrendered. Still later in the night (I 
 quote from the same authority), " upon information being 
 received by General Stevenson to the effect that many of our 
 men still remained in possession of a portion of the fort, he 
 ordered an officer and ten men to reconnoitre the work; 
 they were compelled to retire, however, by the fire of the 
 enemy." That acknowledgment of three separate commu 
 nications from the men who were holding the salient all 
 through those dreadful hours, and that explanation of why 
 their appeals were in vain, is absolutely the only record of 
 it I have been able anywhere to find. It proves at least 
 that those of our comrades who were sent to the rear for re 
 inforcements did not fail to apply for them to the General 
 commanding the brigade in reserve, whose duty it cer 
 tainly was to have ascertained if their representations 
 were true. It was not only pitiful to leave us there to our 
 fate, as far as we were concerned, but it was fatal to the re 
 sult of that battle ; for had that southeast bastion been 
 thoroughly reinforced in the middle of the night, it could 
 have been held against all-comers till morning, and then it 
 would have commanded the rest of the work, and the great 
 assault would not have been in vain. As it was, we were 
 left to our fate, and now occurred within that captured sa 
 lient for the next three hours and more, as remarkable a 
 scene of valor as can be read of in history. 
 
 The ground within that salient was piled with dead and 
 dying in places three feet deep ; the wounded cried for 
 
FORT WAGNER. 117 
 
 help; our numbers had been greatly reduced, both by the 
 fire from the rear and by the retirement one at a time, as 
 best they could, of many who thought the attempt to hold 
 the bastion was folly. After all had gone, however, there 
 still remained, scattered along the inside of the superior 
 slope, 140 men. They were mainly, as already said, of the 
 Sixth Connecticut and Forty-eighth New York, although 
 there was hardly any regiment that had participated in either 
 of the three assaults, some of whose men had not forced 
 their way into that bastion, and did not join that little stal 
 wart company who determined to defend it to the last. In 
 the darkness they did not know each other : they only knew 
 that they were lying on top of heaps of dead, and could tell 
 from their own fire that they were well distributed, and that 
 they had made a common resolve that they would hold what 
 they had taken to the end. When their ammunition was 
 exhausted, they robbed the dead for more ; when they were 
 assaulted at one point, they rushed together there and de 
 fended it : so at all points. They were actuated by the 
 noblest spirit that ever prompted soldiers to valorous and 
 desperate deeds ; they helped each other automatically, for 
 there was no one to order them. They were not like a 
 single company or the remnants of a regiment, properly of 
 ficered and ordered what to do, and yet they did not know 
 until the next morning, when they looked into each other s 
 faces in the prison, that there was not among them a single 
 commissioned officer, that to a man they \Mzvtt private soldiers. 
 Let it be remembered to their lasting renown, that the men 
 who defended Fort Wagner for three hours after they had 
 been abandoned, prompted thereto by their own brave 
 hearts alone, were not " Generals" or " Colonels" or " Cap 
 tains," but " privates," not great soldiers, therefore, but 
 only great spirits the underlings of war, yet its supreme 
 heroes private soldiers. Moments passed dreadful mo 
 unts of intense anxiety. What instant the rebels would 
 rush down upon them in overwhelming numbers in the 
 darkness, and at what point, they could not know. One 
 
Il8 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 terrible assault upon them, led by Major Rion of the 
 Charleston battalion, they successfully repulsed ; many 
 minor assaults also. Thus hours passed, terrible hours of 
 suspense, but of unrelenting fidelity. The heavens were 
 black with clouds ; not a single star would look on a 
 scene of blood like that. The only light was the flash of 
 the guns from Fort Sumter above, and the embrasures on 
 either side. For more than three hours that defence of the 
 fort within the fort was kept up. A mere handful of men 
 did it. They were surprised the next morning, when they 
 counted each other, to know that they had numbered only 
 one hundred and forty. They became conscious towards 
 midnight that they were being surrounded : they saw faintly 
 in the darkness lines of rebels passing down the seashore 
 in their rear, on the right ; others that they did not see 
 crossed the face of the curtain behind them on the left; 
 1700 men on their own ground had failed for more than 
 three hours to dislodge 140 abandoned men from the 
 mighty salient they had captured. But at midnight the 
 Confederates, by suddenly rushing in upon them from front 
 and flanks and rear, did finally overwhelm them ; then they 
 surrendered. The writer never can forget the instant when 
 the mass of rebels from all directions, yelling " Surrender ! 
 Surrender!" rushed in upon us; he fired his last cartridge 
 into one of them, then broke the little carbine he had been 
 given at Pulaski upon the cannon by his side, and held up 
 his hand and surrendered. He was at the time but a boy,, 
 and he claims now to have been but the least, and the least 
 worthy, of that immortal band of 140 who defended that 
 salient till midnight ; and it is an inexpressible sorrow to him 
 to this day to remember that it was the unhappy fate of 
 many of that 140 private soldiers who survived the carnage 
 of that battle, to live to become idiots for their country, and 
 to starve and freeze and die at last at Belle Island and An- 
 dersonville, with the world s commiseration their only re 
 ward. 
 
 Not a man who participated in that heroic defence re- 
 
FORT WAGNER. I 19 
 
 turned to the Federal lines to tell of it, and it appears to 
 have been absolutely unknown. There is not a single line 
 concerning it that the writer has discovered in any history 
 of the event until Mr. Charles Cowley issued his sterling 
 pamphlet, " Afloat and Ashore," and until the Confederate 
 General Taliaferro wrote his account of the battle nineteen 
 years after it occurred. Mr. Cowley is inaccurate in naming 
 the regiments engaged, but in referring to the furious charge 
 of the Sixth Connecticut and Forty-eighth New York, he 
 says: " In spite of the most deadly fire, they leaped over 
 the ditch, bounded upon the parapet, drove the Thirty-first 
 North Carolina with the bayonet, and entered the southeast 
 salient of the fort. It is a fact (though Northern his 
 torians omit to mention it) that these gallant regiments 
 took possession of the south sea-angle of the fort, and 
 held it for three mortal hours, but it cost a terrible 
 sacrifice of life: the survivors fought with the dead 
 bodies of their comrades lying three feet deep around 
 them ; finally, for want of support they surrendered, few, if 
 any of them, being able to get out." But far the best ac 
 count of it is from the pen of the Confederate General Talia 
 ferro. After acknowledging the capture of the salient, 
 although he attributes it to the unfaithfulness of the regi 
 ment who should have defended it, he describes his at 
 tempts to regain it in the following words : 
 
 "THE ASSAILANTS ASSAILED." 
 
 " The party which had gained access by the salient next the sea 
 could not escape ; it was certain death to attempt to pass the line of 
 concentrated fire which swept the face of the work, and they did not 
 attempt it ; but they would not surrender, and in despair kept up a con 
 stant fire upon the main body of the fort. The Confederates called 
 for volunteers to dislodge them a summons which was promptly 
 responded to by Major MacDonald of the Fifty-first North Carolina, 
 and by Captain Rion of the Charleston Battalion, with the requisite 
 number of men. Rion s company was selected, and the gallant Irish 
 man at the head of his company dashed at the reckless and insane 
 men who seetned to insist upon immolation. The tables were now sin- 
 
I2O FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. FOLS. 
 
 gularly turned : the assailants had become the assailed, and they held 
 a fort within the fort, and were protected by the traverses and gun- 
 chambers behind which they fought. Rion rushed at them, but he 
 fell, shot outright with several of his men, and the rest recoiled. At 
 this time General Hagood reported to General Taliaferro with Colonel 
 Harrison s splendid regiment, the Thirty-second Georgia, sent over 
 by Beauregard to his assistance, as soon as a landing could be effected 
 at Cumming s Point. These troops were ordered to move along on 
 the traverses and bomb-proofs, and to plunge their concentrated fire 
 over the stronghold ; still for a time they held out, but at last they 
 surrendered." 
 
 General Taliaferro closes his graphic and accurate story 
 of that night by a quotation from an address by the Rev. 
 Dr. Dennison : " The truest courage and determination was 
 manifested on both sides on that crimson day at that great 
 slaughter-house, Wagner." 
 
 Thus, only in a pamphlet in which a Northern lawyer has 
 printed certain pages of his diary, and in a newspaper ac 
 count written by the Confederate commanding general nine 
 teen years after the event, has there yet appeared any 
 acknowledgment of that extraordinary defence of " the fort 
 within the fort " until midnight, by a handful of one hun 
 dred and forty private soldiers under the most terrible fires, 
 heaped about with their dead and dying comrades, amid 
 their cries of anguish and pain, without orders, or any one 
 to order them, actuated only by a common determination 
 to defend what they had taken to the desperate end a 
 deed of heroism, the writer ventures to declare, unsurpassed 
 in all the records of war. It would be unfair to neglect to 
 say that there had doubtless been others who had partici 
 pated in the defence for some time and who had succeeded in 
 getting to the rear before the surrender : indeed, Lieutenant 
 James A. Barrett, though severely wounded in the thigh, 
 remained within the fort for a long while, encouraging the 
 men to hold the banks, collecting ammunition from the 
 dead and passing it to the living, and his word cannot be 
 disputed that when he determined to go to the rear himself, 
 he ordered all the men within sound of his voice to retire 
 
FORT WAGNER. 121 
 
 also. Such orders, however, were unheard high up on the 
 bank where the firing was in progress ; and if they had been 
 heard it is doubtful if they would have been obeyed. Noth 
 ing less than a delirium of patriotism actuated the defiant 
 men, who would not surrender and would not retreat. Lieu 
 tenant-Colonel James M. Green of the Forty-eighth was 
 shot dead after crossing the bastion, as he leaped on the 
 inner parapet. He lay for hours on his back, on the side 
 of the slope near by the writer; when the flash of the guns 
 lit up the scene he could see his face : his long beard, that 
 flowed down to his breast, was burnt by the fires of the bat 
 tle ; he was yet breathing but unconscious at midnight. 
 Sergeant George Cranmer, who crossed the ditch and rah 
 up the bank by the writer s side, pausing to fire af shot by 
 the side of the first rebel cannon, fell dead upon its plat 
 form. The bullets struck that cannon as hail strikes a pane 
 of glass. It was a night of terrors, never before (and never 
 again) experienced in the history of the regiment. Captain 
 Paxson, with both his legs shot through with canister, 
 heaped about by the dead and the dying, was lying there 
 bleeding to death ; and long into the night, and high above 
 the sound of musketry and the crash of howitzers, was 
 heard his dying call, " Die-no-mores, follow me." Every in 
 dividual had experiences which were peculiar to himself ; 
 no one man can narrate the occurrences precisely as they 
 appeared to another ; but as an example of the horrors of 
 that night, I desire to quote from the diary of Melville R. 
 Conklin of Company K. He says: 
 
 " I had passed the first parapet and nearly gained the colors when 
 I was struck by a bullet on my right cheek, about one inch from the 
 edge of my jaw ; the bullet passed entirely through my head, coming 
 out within an inch of my temple, forcing out my left eye ; it broke my 
 upper jaw, and consequently tore out my teeth. My first feelings were 
 as if I had been struck a severe blow, and it felt as if my head was all 
 smashed in ; the next, I felt a sharp, stinging pain through my temple, 
 and as I raised my hand to it, my eye fell into my hand, and I cast it 
 on the ground. I took but t\vo steps farther, then fell down, and lay 
 senseless possibly fifteen minutes, and in my first moments of return- 
 
122 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, //. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 ing consciousness managed to crawl behind a broken gun-carriage to 
 shelter myself from further danger; as I was unfit for further use here, 
 I managed to get my hand under my head, and was lying upon my 
 stomach to keep the blood from strangling me. I had a canteen full 
 of water with which I kept washing my mouth out. Before I was able 
 to crawl away I was struck by a piece of shell on my left hip, passing 
 entirely through me : this shot dispelled all thoughts of escape ; I had 
 not strength enough to move. Reinforcements failed from some un 
 known cause to come up to the support of our men. ... So passed 
 the memorable night. I lay where I had crawled, with heaps of dead 
 and dying around me, until daylight the next morning." 
 
 I quote that, not as an exceptional experience, but as a 
 fair sample of what hundreds of other brave fellows suffered 
 who were not killed outright. So ended the assault at 
 Fort Wagner: it had lasted for four hours ; it had been sig 
 nalized by deeds of daring unsurpassed in history ; and when 
 the sun rose the next morning Fort Wagner was no nearer 
 taken than it had been the morning before. Two thousand 
 men had been sacrificed because of the darkness which came 
 upon them as soon as they struck the fort, and which was so 
 impenetrable that it made it impossible for them to proceed ; 
 ten minutes more of daylight and the fort had been theirs. 
 Whoever delayed the assault till eight o clock made a fatal 
 blunder ; another had been made eight days before, when (on 
 July loth) it could have been taken with trifling loss ; 
 the third blunder was in the delay of Putnam s brigade in 
 coming to the support of Strong s, and their firing into 
 them. Stevenson s brigade also should have been pushed 
 in to support Putnam ; but I suppose that the fall of both 
 the division and the two brigade commanders could not 
 have been anticipated, and after Seymour, Strong, and Put 
 nam had fallen there seems to have been no one to succeed 
 to the command, when the presence of a commanding gen 
 eral was so imperatively required. Our gallant young bri 
 gade-commander, General George C. Strong, had been severe 
 ly wounded by a discharge from a howitzer, striking him in 
 the thigh. He was immediately borne from the field and his 
 wound was dressed ; subsequently he was taken to Hilton 
 
FORT WAGNER. I2J 
 
 Head, and to his home in New York, where he died from 
 lock-jaw, resulting from his wound, on the 3Oth of July, 1863. 
 How gladly would we stop to pay a fitting tribute to each 
 one of the brave fellows who fell in front of Wagner! 
 Lieutenant-Colonel Green had said that day, " I am going 
 to sleep under that big gun to-night;" and he did. Captain 
 Hurst said, "Take a cigar, my boy; I will see you in the 
 morning." Captain Farrell said, " If I am killed to-night, 
 what will become of my family?" Lieutenant Fox, as he- 
 lay dying in the. ditch, said to one of the boys, "Settle my 
 mess-bill ; pay my servant a month s wages ; there s a rest 
 remaining." He was not yet twenty-one years of age, but he- 
 commanded Company A (the color company) that night. He 
 did not fall until wounded the third time. Sergeant Sparks, 
 who bore the colors, had his hand shattered by the same 
 shot that demolished the staff he bore. Colonel Barton s 
 wound was a bad one ; so were most of the others. Indeed, 
 such was the character of the missiles that were hurled at us 
 that night that few of the men were slightly wounded, and 
 the proportion of men killed was very great. Outside of our 
 own regiment the most conspicuous soldiers who fell after 
 General Strong were Colonels Shaw and Putnam. Both 
 were young men about twenty-seven years of age. Colonel 
 Shaw was a son of Francis George Shaw of Staten Island, 
 N. Y., and a brother-in-law of Mr. George William Curtis. 
 He was proud of his place as colonel of the first colored 
 regiment raised in Massachusetts, at the head of which 
 he fell. He was a man of refinement and gentle man 
 ners, and brave as a lion. They buried him " in a pit 
 under a heap of his niggers ;" but they could not dishonor 
 him. His name that night rose into high and lasting renown. 
 Colonel Putnam of the Seventh New Hampshire was an 
 equally brave and noble soldier. He was a graduate of West 
 Point. Two medals were sent to each company of the regi 
 ment to be given to soldiers of conspicuous gallantry at the 
 battle of Fort Wagner. Major Barrett says that Company 
 H proposed to send theirs back with the message that they 
 
124 
 
 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N, Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 " would not go around." They were, however, generally 
 distributed to men who had lost limbs, and did not re 
 turn to the service. The one hundred and forty soldiers 
 who defended the sea-face bastion until midnight were 
 marched the next morning to Cumming s Point, put on board 
 a little steamboat, and passing around Fort Sumter already 
 well-nigh battered down by Gillmore s batteries landed at 
 Charleston. It was a Sabbath morning, but they were 
 cursed as they passed along the streets by an infuriated mob, 
 and were glad when they were secure in the city jail. 
 
 FORT SUMTER AFTER THE BOMBARDMENT. 
 
 Beauregard summoned some of the prisoners before him, 
 and tried to ascertain by questioning them what Federal 
 forces remained on Morris Island. The writer when asked 
 told him about twenty thousand. He threatened to punish 
 the men of the Forty-eighth also for participation in the 
 burning of Bluffton. His threats were not carried out. 
 Three days afterwards the prisoners were sent to Columbia, 
 .S. C., and remained there in prison for two months. In 
 -September they were taken to Richmond, first to Libby 
 Prison, then to Belle Isle, and were soon scattered and lost 
 
FORT WAGNER. 12$, 
 
 amid the thousands of emaciated sufferers there. Subse 
 quently many of them were sent to Andersonville. Few 
 ever returned. Their fate was a sad requitil for the valor 
 they had displayed on the ramparts of Wagner. 
 
 The writer has made two visits to Fort Wagner since the 
 war : in October, 1874, and in April, 1884. As you approach 
 Morris Island now, sailing down the bay from Charleston, it 
 looks like a low line of sand against the southern sky. In the 
 centre of it there is a little mound, overgrown with brush, 
 that can be seen above the horizon from far up the bay ~ 
 that mound is Wagner. At my first visit the " lazaretto" 
 stood where our batteries had been at the foot of the ap 
 proach. The sand had drifted over bastions and embank 
 ments, but the same sea washed up the same beach, and the 
 same wild-oat grew here and there in single spears ; the 
 bomb-proofs were filled with sand, but still the outlines of 
 the great parapets were distinct, and the sea-face bastion,, 
 which was so long defended, and so heaped with dead, 
 was easily traceable. No monument has been erected there ;. 
 not so much as a sign-board tells the passer-by to this day 
 that any event of historic interest occurred upon that spot. 
 Man has been unmindful and ungrateful, but God has 
 remembered those dead heroes. Let it be borne in mind 
 that the dead within that bastion were never decently buried, 
 but the next morning were shovelled over with sand and left 
 there as they fell, heaped together in indiscriminate glory. 
 
 On that October day of 1874, as the writer climbed again 
 the drifted sand to stand once more upon those parapets and 
 with uncovered head and in tears recall the memory of his 
 comrades who on that spot had fallen, what was his surprise 
 to find a bed of flowers blooming there. Upon that arid, 
 sterile, sandy island, where nothing ever grew before, over 
 the whole area of that bastion which had been so heaped 
 with dead, and there only, there grew a blue flower a wild 
 species of * forget-me-not" that blooms perennially. He 
 made inquiries as to how the flowers came there, but no one 
 could explain it. Somebody may have sown the seed ; but 
 
126 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. V. S. VOLS. 
 
 those flowers doubtless sprang from the rich dust of the 
 heroes who were so rudely sepulchred upon that spot as if 
 the great God, to rebuke the neglect of the Republic, had 
 placed them there a monument. And what could be a no 
 bler one ? Marble shafts will crumble, bronze will tarnish 
 with time, granite will wear away with years, but flowers 
 will bloom in their seasons forever. 
 
 And yet the day may come when opposing sections of a re 
 stored Union will unite to erect upon that mound of sand a 
 monument to the heroes who fell there on either side. Let it 
 be a noble shaft, typical of the brave spirits who loved their 
 lives less than they loved their honor, and who died upon those 
 sands, lifting them forever into undying renown. The hearts 
 of the sailors as they enter and leave the port will swell within 
 them at the sight, and it will mean forever that upon this spot 
 died heroic men, who believed that they were fighting for 
 the right. For the grim courage that rushed forward against 
 those fatal parapets was met by a courage not inferior that 
 defended them. To appropriate the words of Thomas Starr 
 King in describing the charge by Ney s cavalry at Water 
 loo, the assault and defence of Fort Wagner was "the beat 
 of a fiery sensibility against a stony patience ; " it was " the 
 old hypothesis in dramatic play of an irresistible in contact 
 with an immovable. The irresistible was spent the im 
 movable stood fast." The chapter upon Fort Wagner in 
 General Beauregard s recently published work closes with this 
 sentence : " It is a matter of history to-day, that the de 
 fence of Battery Wagner is looked upon as the most skil 
 ful, desperate, and glorious achievement of the war ; it stands 
 unsurpassed in ancient and modern times." The writer was 
 indebted, on his first visit to the historic spot, to the courte 
 sies of Captain Gleason of the United States Army, then in 
 charge of the Government works in Charleston Harbor. 
 And no better illustration of the dreadful carnage of that 
 fearful night can be found than the fact which he stated as 
 we strolled together along the sandy beach that although 
 eleven years had passed since the assault, yet after every 
 great storm he was accustomed to gather up, upon that spot, 
 
FORT WAGNER. \2J 
 
 a. wagon-load of human bones which the waves of the sea had 
 unearthed, and reinter them. It is a haunted beach. At the 
 writer s second visit (1884) the fort remained unchanged, 
 though the sea had washed across the island in its rear, 
 making an inlet that now connects Vincent s Creek with the 
 ocean at high-tide. The Forty-Eighth Regiment was des 
 tined yet to suffer in many battles, as whoever will patient 
 ly continue to read this history will learn, but never again 
 so terribly as that night at Fort Wagner. 
 
 After the repulse of July i8th, Gillmore modified his 
 plans, and undertook the slower but surer method of reduc- 
 
 _ _ 
 
 SWAMP ANGEL. 
 
 ing Wagner by regular approaches. He erected also the 
 famous " Swamp Angel," with which he threw shells into 
 Charleston. He prosecuted the work with great vigor and 
 skill, by night and day. By September 6th the sap had 
 reached the south face of the fort, and on the morning of 
 the /th it was finally evacuated. Gillmore s congratulatory 
 address to his troops on the I5th contains the following 
 words : " You now hold in possession the whole of Morris 
 Island, and the city and harbor of Charleston lie at the 
 mercy of your artillery from the very spot where the first 
 shot was fired at your country s flag, and the rebellion itself 
 was inaugurated." He had at last succeeded in taking 
 Morris Island (he had also battered Fort Sumter into a 
 heap of brick dust), but at what terrible cost ! 
 
CHAPTER VII. 
 Olustee July 19, 1863, to April 22, 1864. 
 
 After Fort Wagner July 22d, leave Morris Island Hilton Head St. Augus 
 tine, Fla. Beaufort, S. C. Recruits, and Return of Wounded Men 
 Re-enlistment of Veterans Festivities at the Holidays " Les Enfans 
 Perdu" February 5, 1864, embark for the Expedition to Olustee Gen 
 eral Seymour Advances February 2Oth, the Battle Barton s Brigade 
 Losses The Retreat The Enemy Story of Sergeant Lang Lieuten 
 ant Keenan Killed March gth, Palatka, Fla. Return of the " Veterans " 
 Farewell to the Department of the South April 2Oth, sail from Port 
 Royal. 
 
 the morning after Fort Wagner the whole of Strong s 
 brigade could only muster 700 men. The Forty- 
 eighth Regiment was but the shattered remnant of its former 
 self. General Gillmore rode along the line as it stood formed, 
 and looked with sad eyes upon its thinned ranks ; it was no 
 longer fit for service at the front, although it spent one day 
 in the rifle-pits. On Wednesday, July 22d, orders were re 
 ceived for its transfer to Hilton Head, and thence to Florida. 
 It embarked on the steamer Mary Benton, but she struck a 
 sand-bar on passing out of the inlet, and sprang a leak. A 
 terrible storm came on while they were at sea, and the men 
 had to take to the pumps to keep the ship from sinking. 
 Hilton Head was reached, however, on the 23d, where Ma 
 jor Strickland, who had been absent on sick leave, rejoined 
 the regiment and assumed command. 
 
 On July 3 ist it t embarked again, reaching St. Augustine, 
 Fla., on the 2d of August, succeeding the Seventh Con 
 necticut in the garrison there, as it had done fifteen months 
 before at Fort Pulaski. St. Augustine claims to be the 
 oldest settlement in the United States ; Santa Fe, New Mex 
 ico, is the only place which disputes the claim. It was a 
 
OLUSTEE. 129 
 
 quaint old town, pretty and unique; the ancient houses 
 were built of concrete, and the few inhabitants were de 
 scendants of the early French and Spanish settlers. They 
 were poor enough during the war, and many of them were 
 allowed rations by the Government. Fruits, fish, sweet 
 potatoes, and sweet milk were plentiful, however, and very 
 cheap. Five companies of the regiment found quarters in 
 the barracks, while three were sent to Fort Marion, a vener 
 able structure of the sixteenth century. The population 
 of St. Augustine was about 400. Oranges, lemons, and 
 pomegranates were abundant, and though it was the hot 
 summer, the quiet and tranquillity of the place was a grate 
 ful contrast to the terrible experiences of Morris Island. 
 
 There was a little social life now at St. Augustine, and 
 the men enjoyed it greatly, the regiment becoming speedily 
 popular among the population. The fixtures of the theatre 
 were brought from Fort Pulaski, and the " Barton Dramatic 
 Association (or what was left of them) furnished a deal of 
 amusement to everybody. Lieutenant Nichols, who, during 
 the terrible experiences on Morris Island, had been absent 
 from the regiment in charge of the Billinghurst and Requa 
 Battery, now returned, and acted as provost-marshal at St. 
 Augustine. The two months which the remnant of the 
 spent in Florida gave them a grateful rest. 
 
 On October the 4th they were relieved at St. Augustine 
 by the Twenty-fourth Massachusetts, who had come from 
 Morris Island, and sailed for Hilton Head on the 6th, ex 
 pecting to be sent back to the batteries in front of Wagner ; 
 haply, however, they were sent instead to Beaufort. There 
 tents were pitched in a wood about three miles from the land 
 ing, and the regiment was once more in camp. Four com 
 panies were subsequently sent to Seabrook, on Hilton Head 
 Island, and Company A to Pope s Plantation for picket-duty. 
 Many of the wounded officers and men from Fort Wagner 
 who had recovered now returned to the regiment, and one 
 hundred and fifty recruits from the North were added. On 
 November 1 3th, Companies G and I, which had been so long 
 9 
 
13 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 absent in garrison at Fort Pulaski and Tybee Island, re 
 turned, and Company D was sent to Fort Pulaski, where it 
 remained, however, but a few days. The addition of these 
 two full companies, the recruits, and the return of wounded 
 men, greatly increased the strength of the regiment. In 
 December the re-enlistment of veterans began. A furlough 
 of thirty days was promised every man who would re-enlist, 
 and a bounty from the Government and the State that 
 aggregated about eight hundred dollars. The re-enlisted 
 veterans of the Forty-eighth, nearly three hundred in num 
 ber, sailed for New York on the Atlantic, on January 31, 
 1864. They were escorted to the pier by the whole brigade, 
 Lieutenant-Colonel Strickland and ten other officers accom 
 panying them, ostensibly to see that they received their 
 bounties ; but in fact, I suspect, to see also that they got 
 back after their thirty days of furlough had expired. By 
 their absence in February the veterans escaped the perils 
 of the battle of Olustee. 
 
 On Christmas Day of 1863 the Forty-eighth New York 
 entertained the Forty-seventh, and a week later on New 
 Year s Day the Forty-seventh returned their hospitality. 
 Both days were highly enjoyable. Colonel Barton returned 
 from the -North on October 23d, having recovered from his 
 wounds received at Wagner. On December 6th the regi 
 ment returned to Hilton Head. On January 30, 1864, " Les 
 Enfants Perdu," better known as the " Lost Children," an in 
 dependent battalion which had been somewhat notorious in 
 the Department, was consolidated with the Forty : seventh 
 and Forty-eighth New York regiments, the Forty-eighth re 
 ceiving about a hundred and fifty. Finally, on February 5, 
 1864, the Forty-eighth, with six days cooked rations in their 
 haversacks, embarked on board the steamer Delaware, in 
 company with the left wing of the One Hundred and 
 Fifteenth New York, reaching Jacksonville, Fla., on Mon 
 day, February 8th. The expedition of which they now 
 formed a part was under the command of General Truman 
 Seymour, and was destined to operate in the State of Florida. 
 
LUSTER. 131 
 
 The artillery and cavalry were commanded by Colonel Guy 
 V. Henry ; they were the Fortieth Massachusetts Mounted 
 Infantry ; a battalion of the First Massachusetts Cavalry ; 
 the batteries of Captains Elder, Hamilton, and Langdon ; 
 and a section of the Third Rhode Island Artillery. 
 
 The infantry brigades were commanded respectively by 
 Colonels Hawley, Barton, and Scammon, and the brigade of 
 colored troops by Colonel Montgomery. 
 
 General Gillmore in person followed us to Florida, com 
 ing as far as Baldwin, after which he returned to Hilton 
 Head, leaving instructions with General Seymour not to 
 advance beyond Baldwin without further orders. Seymour, 
 however, was fired with his old determination to fight, and 
 pushed his columns forward, the cavalry under Colonel 
 Henry by a midnight dash capturing " Camp Finnigan." 
 Deceived by a report that General Finnigan had fallen back 
 from Lake City, Seymour took the responsibility of moving 
 his forces forward toward the river. He telegraphed the 
 fact to Gillmore, who received the news with astonishment 
 and not a little alarm : he instantly sent back a message of re 
 monstrance ; but it was too late, for on the day of its arrival, 
 Seymour had already fought and lost the battle of Olustee. 
 
 The Federal infantry marched inland, divided into three 
 columns ; Hawley s brigade on the left, Barton s in the 
 centre, and Scammon s on the extreme right. Montgomery s 
 brigade of colored troops followed in the rear. The forces 
 consisted of about five thousand men, and carried eight days 
 rations. They marched by separate roads first to " Barber s," 
 twelve miles ; thence to " Sanderson," nine miles farther ; and 
 then fell back to " Barber s," where they remained until the 
 morning of February 2oth. On that fatal day they pushed 
 forward again, starting at eight o clock, and by three in the 
 afternoon reached a point on the railway two or three miles 
 east of Olustee Station, where they found the Confederate 
 General Finnigan in strong position, ready to receive them. 
 He had posted his forces in ambush, under cover of a swamp 
 and a heavy pine forest, one flank resting on the woods and 
 
132 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 the other on Ocean Pond. Seymour marched his weaned 
 men straight into that ambush, and they were at close quar 
 ters with the enemy as soon as they became aware of his 
 presence. It was a critical situation, and a precipitous, 
 sharp, sanguinary, and disastrous battle immediately ensued, 
 The Confederates call it the battle of " Ocean Pond;" the 
 Federals, " Olustee." Colonel Henry s cavalry and the 
 Seventh Connecticut were in advance, and met the enemy 
 first. So deadly was the fire which they encountered, that the 
 Seventh New Hampshire was ordered forward to support the 
 batteries of Hamilton, Elder, and Langdon. Our forces had 
 sixteen guns, the Confederates only four. Our guns, how 
 ever, were brought too far forward, and the rebel sharp 
 shooters picked off the artillerymen with fatal precision. 
 Hamilton s battery, for instance, was within a hundred and 
 fifty yards of the Confederate front, and within twenty 
 minutes had lost forty of their fifty horses, and forty-five of 
 their eighty-two men ; the remainder fell back, leaving two 
 of their four guns behind them. The enemy had the best 
 of us from the very start that day. 
 
 The Seventh New Hampshire lost heavily, and the Eighth 
 United States Colored Regiment came up to their support. 
 It had never before been under fire, but for nearly two hours 
 it held its position in the front with a splendid courage, 
 losing more than three hundred men. Colonel Barton s 
 brigade consisted of three New York regiments, the Forty- 
 seven, Forty-eighth, and One Hundred and Fifteenth. As 
 the Eighth fell back, Barton brought his brigade forward on 
 the double-quick into action. Their position was at the 
 centre, where the fire of the enemy was terrific. To say that 
 the whole brigade did its duty nobly is but faint praise. Under 
 a most terrible fire it stood its ground with an unsurpassed 
 courage. The Forty-eighth was subjected that day to an 
 ordeal than which hardly anything is more trying to soldiers 
 that of holding their line under a terrible fire from the 
 enemy after the exhaustion of their own ammunition. For 
 two hours and a half they fought with a valor which was never 
 
OLUSTEE. 133 
 
 surpassed in their history, suffering a loss of two hundred 
 and twenty-seven men, killed, wounded, and prisoners. 
 
 An incident that is well remembered, when the day was 
 already practically lost, was the coming forward into action 
 of Colonel Montgomery s colored brigade, the First North 
 Carolina passing between the Forty-seventh and Forty- 
 eighth on the double-quick, and cheered by those shattered 
 regiments as it went into battle. The coming of the fresh 
 troops on to the field staggered the enemy for a moment, and 
 prevented an effective pursuit, for Seymour (of whom it is 
 only just to say that he rode everywhere encouraging his 
 men, and exposing his person at the points of greatest peril) 
 had now become convinced that he was defeated, and had 
 ordered a retreat. He carried away many of his wounded, 
 leaving, however, some two hundred and fifty of them on the 
 field, besides many dead. Seymour s total losses at Olustee 
 are estimated as between fifteen hundred and two thou 
 sand, and the value of the provisions and stores which he 
 burned to prevent their falling into the hands of the enemy 
 was at least one million dollars. He lost also five guns and 
 a hundred and fifty horses. The losses in the three regi 
 ments which composed Barton s brigade were eight hundred. 
 
 The retreat of our forces continued until February 
 25th, when they reached Jacksonville. The march to and 
 from Olustee was a terrible one, the roads often running 
 through swamps where the water was knee-deep ; yet there 
 were recompenses, for the day was clear and beautiful on 
 which they marched into that death-trap at Olustee, and 
 often the sandy roads ran through pine forests, and the 
 resinous odors of the trees gave a balmy fragrance to the 
 air, and such was the brave spirit of the men that the antici 
 pation of meeting the enemy on an open battle-field, where 
 they hoped at last to conquer them, cheered and quickened 
 their weary steps ; but the march back through the night, 
 with many of their comrades killed and wounded and left 
 upon the field, and others desperately struggling along on 
 the retreat, was a sad disappointment to their hopes. 
 
134 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 The writer wishes it was in his power to give as minute a 
 description of the battle of Olustee as has been given of the 
 assault on Fort Wagner. Nothing more heroic in all its 
 history will be recorded than the manner in which the Forty- 
 eighth held its ground that day against a direct and double 
 cross-fire from the enemy while its own ammunition was ex 
 hausted. From two till five that terrible afternoon it held 
 its line unbroken. It went into the fight a second time after 
 it had secured ammunition. Its terrible losses only second 
 to those it had suffered at Wagner are the best indication 
 of its valor. The favorable position of the enemy and his 
 superior numbers, not the superior gallantry of his men, 
 although they fought bravely, gave them the victory. The 
 following is from a report in the " Rebellion Record :" 
 
 " The battle of Olustee was fought with all the odds on the enemy s 
 side : our men were weary and footsore with long marching ; they had 
 taken but very little refreshment some not any since early break 
 fast ; they had no expectation of a fight until actually drawn into it ; 
 they fought on ground where the room was insufficient to form a line 
 of battle to the best advantage ; the enemy was at least three thousand 
 more numerous than our forces. We knew nothing of the ground and 
 position of the enemy, except as we learned them by dear experience, 
 and under such an array of unfavorable circumstances no bravery or 
 skill could save the day." 
 
 The same report adds that " Barton s brigade fought like 
 tigers" and that " the battle will take rank among the 
 bloodiest and most fruitless slaughters of the war." When 
 it was discovered that many of our wounded must be left 
 upon the field to the mercy of the enemy at our retreat, 
 Surgeon Devendorf of the Forty-eighth nobly volunteered 
 to remain with them : he did so, and was taken prisoner 
 by the enemy. 
 
 The Confederate army at " Ocean Pond " was under the 
 general command of General Finnigan, but General Colquitt 
 (now U. S. Senator from Georgia) was in immediate com 
 mand of the forces at the front. The Confederates call 
 him to this day the " Hero of Ocean Pond." Their ac- 
 
OLUSTEE. 135 
 
 knowledged losses were ninety-three killed and eight hundred 
 and forty-one wounded. Their forces consisted of Clinch s 
 Georgia and Smith s Florida cavalry, Wheaton s battery, 
 (the Chatham artillery), one section of Gamble s and one of 
 Guehard s artillery ; the Second and Sixth Florida ; the 
 First Georgia regulars ; the Sixth, Nineteenth, Twenty-third, 
 Twenty-seventh, Twenty-eighth, Thirty-second, and Sixty- 
 fourth Georgia regiments of infantry. Their reports ac 
 knowledge the efficiency of the Spencer Rifles, with which 
 one regiment of our forces was armed. Their exhaustion 
 at the close of the battle may be inferred from their faint 
 pursuit. 
 
 Among many letters giving personal reminiscences of 
 Olustee, one is from Sergeant (afterwards Captain) Henry 
 Lang of Company C, which has come all the way from IX 
 Ulloi us 79, Budapest, Hungary. He was taken prisoner 
 at Olustee, and twenty years afterward writes his reminis 
 cences of the event. I quote from his letter : 
 
 " I go twenty years back to Olustee, Fla., now only a dreamland. I 
 see myself again amongst the guns, abandoned by Battery M ; then 
 again I am left alone, firing away from sixty rounds I had in my 
 pockets. The rebels had a good mark at me, standing amongst the 
 guns. They crept nearer and nearer, jumping from trunk to trunk. 
 Everything about me was shot away my canteen, my haversack, the 
 skirts of my blouse; on the other hand, my cartridges were also 
 ominously disappearing down to the fifty-sixth. I levelled to fire the 
 fifty-seventh round at a cluster of heads behind a pine trunk ; we were 
 at close quarters ; I pulled, my ball sped on its way, a crash, and I fell to 
 one side, propping myself up with my gun. At the moment my gun 
 went off, another ball had hit at last its mark, and my leg was smashed ; 
 a friendly hand assisted me to a tree and fled for dear life because the 
 enemy advanced, and in another moment all my adversaries came 
 rushing to the tree where I was reclining; all shouted, Are you the 
 man that was amongst the guns ? 
 
 " Having told them that that was so, they all exclaimed Bully 
 boy ! One of them began to question me concerning how many men 
 we had in the battle ; I told him about fifteen thousand. They spoke 
 about our regiments who had made such a devilish noise with their 
 sharp-shooters. Flushed with victory as they were, they only went 
 
136 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 about three hundred yards beyond where I was, and ordered a halt. I 
 grew faint and fainter, and yet with an iron determination raised my 
 self from my faintness, cut open my trousers, and with the only hand 
 kerchief found about me, and the help of a stick, succeeding in stop 
 ping the bleeding of my wound. I took out my pipe, and |inding just 
 enough tobacco, I began to smoke to keep away faintness and kill the 
 wretched thoughts growing apace with the darkness spreading over 
 the battle-field, and to divert my thoughts from listening to the groans 
 of the dying and wounded, and from the blasphemous language of 
 some marauding soldiers who were ill-treating wounded negroes. 
 
 " In this state two young Confederate soldiers came to me, and by 
 holding a lighted match to my face they recognized me as one of the 
 Forty-eighth Regiment. They inquired about their home in Savan 
 nah, which they had not seen during the war ; they were sons of 
 merchants of that city. I could give them very little information, ex 
 cept what we had heard from the city through the runaway soldiers 
 at Fort Pulaski. At last one of them sai d to the other, I would like 
 to make the Yank a fire: look how he is shivering! He will not stand 
 the frost to-night. So they kindled me a blazing fire, which revived 
 my benumbed limbs ; then one of them unbuckled his blanket, covered 
 me with it, brought me some water, then bidding me good-by, they 
 left me not, however, till the younger of them had given me a plug 
 of good tobacco ! May these Savannah boys be blessed even from 
 Hungary, and across the ocean may this blessing reach them!" 
 
 This incident of the amenities of war the kindness of the 
 two boys from Savannah to the wounded Union soldier has 
 been deemed worthy of insertion here. If space permitted, 
 the writer could add many touching personal experiences 
 at the battle of Olustee and on the terrible retreat there 
 from like that of Sergeant Twamley of Company I, who was 
 badly wounded, and who was helped to escape to the rear by 
 an artilleryman, who gave him a seat by his side on a gun- 
 carriage, and drove him a torturing ride to the railroad. 
 Lieutenant Keenan of Company I was the only officer of 
 the Forty-eighth killed. The shattered remnants of the 
 regiment finally reached Jacksonville about nine o clock at 
 night, on February 25th. 
 
 It remained there until March Qth, when it embarked on 
 the steamer Maple Leaf, for Palatka, Fla., on the St. John s 
 River, reaching Palatka at daylight the next morning. The 
 
O LUSTER. 137 
 
 town was entirely deserted, with the exception of one or two- 
 families, at the time of its occupation by the regiment, but 
 fearing an attack from the enemy, they threw up earth 
 works and constructed batteries in the rear of the town, de 
 tails for fatigue duty in the trenches being regularly made 
 for some days. The orange-trees were loaded with large 
 yellow fruit ; but the oranges were rather sour for eating, 
 although they made admirable " orangeade." The gnats 
 troubled the pickets more than the enemy during the month 
 and more that the regiment remained in Palatka. The 
 diaries which have been examined, and which were written 
 while in camp there, contain few items of more importance 
 than the following : " Killed a pig to-day and brought him 
 into camp." 
 
 There were minor expeditions made now and then. Ser 
 geant George W. Marten sends an interesting account of one 
 up the St. John s River, and there were drills and inspections 
 and picket duty, and the ordinary routine of a soldier s life,, 
 from March loth, when the regiment reached Palatka, 
 to April I4th, when they evacuated it. Constant reports, 
 however, that the enemy was about to advance kept the 
 boys on the qui vive. Palatka while we occupied it was a 
 peaceful town. The re-enlisted veterans, with the officers 
 who had accompanied them to the North, returned to the 
 regiment while there. They were cordially welcomed back r 
 and greatly added to our strength. 
 
 A great event was now about to occur in our history ; a 
 total change was to take place in the locality and conditions 
 of the regiment s career: for two years and a half it had 
 been in the Department of the South, doing valiant duty 
 wherever it had been assigned. It had been a part of a little 
 army, and yet as brave a one as the Republic possessed ; but 
 the field of its military action had been restricted, and the 
 part it had taken in the solution of the great problem of the 
 war appeared insignificant, in contrast with the achieve 
 ments of the great armies of the North and West. The 
 Forty-eighth Regiment had now reached the end of its 
 
138 
 
 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 career in that Department. It was about to leave the little 
 army with which it had hitherto operated amid the swamps 
 and the sea islands upon the Southern coast, and to be 
 merged in the great armies of the James and the Potomac, 
 and participate in battles in Virginia and North Carolina of 
 world-wide renown. Yet it was not without sorrow that we 
 prepared to quit our old Department, with which we had been 
 so long associated. We were to leave behind us the graves 
 
 LIVE OAKS IN FLORIDA. 
 
 of many of our dead, in the sands on Morris Island and the 
 forests of Florida, not to speak of others scattered here and 
 there along the coast. 
 
 It was therefore a great change in our career when, in 
 April, 1864, we severed our connection with the Department 
 of the South, and united our fortunes with the Army of the 
 James, in Virginia. It was, however, but a matter of a few 
 days: the regiment evacuated Palatka on April I4th, leaving 
 
LUSTER, 139 
 
 Jacksonville on the steamer Ben-de-Ford for Hilton Head on 
 April i6th ; spent one day in bivouac back of Beaufort ; and 
 finally, at five P.M. on April 2Oth, sailed out of Port Royal 
 Harbor, which we had entered with Dupont s fleet two years 
 and a half before, for the last time. We were bound for 
 Fortress Monroe, and the unknown destiny that awaited us. 
 Tears came to many eyes as the low shores of South Carolina 
 faded away in the sea, and we realized that we had left be 
 hind us places with which we had grown familiar, and asso 
 ciations never to be forgotten. 
 
 It would be interesting to know, if it were possible, how 
 many of the men of the Forty-eighth Regiment who sailed 
 into Port Royal Harbor on the Empire City, Matanzas, and 
 Belvidere, in the Fall of 1861, also sailed away from it finally 
 on the Ben-de-Ford in the spring of 1864. If the history of 
 the regiment had ended on that day, it would have been a 
 memorable one, but it was destined yet to win fadeless lau 
 rels upon fields still more illustrious. 
 
CHAPTER VIII. 
 Army of the James April 23, to December 31, 1864. 
 
 Gloucester Point, Va. The Tenth Army Corps Grant Butler Gillmore 
 Turner Barton Strickland Review of the Army of the James May 
 5th, Bermuda Hundred " Gillmore s Rifles" May 7th, Battle of Chester 
 Heights May I2th, Fort Darling May i6th, Drury s Bluff The Battle 
 in a Fog Losses Death of Captain Moser Butler "bottled up" May 
 28th, leave Bermuda Hundred for Cold Harbor The Army of the Poto 
 mac Back from Prison June ist to I3th, Battle of Cold Harbor^A Gal 
 lant Charge Colonel Barton Wounded Loss of the Colors Porch Cas 
 ualties In the Rifle-pits Grant s Change of Base Covering the " Re 
 treat" Back to Bermuda Hundred President Lincoln Petersburg 
 Change of Corps Commanders Gillmore Brooks Birney Barton s 
 Brigade June 3oth, an Assault Ordered Barton s Caution Picket 
 Duty Duty in the Trenches July 3oth, the Mine The Explosion The 
 Assault The Repulse Colored Soldiers again A Fatal Delay Death of 
 Major Swartwout Back to Bermuda Hundred Deep Bottom Straw 
 berry Plains August i6th, Death of Lieutenants Tantum and Sayres 
 Death of Captain D Arcy Back to Petersburg Home after Three Years 
 Charge at New Market Heights Fort Gilman Death of General Bir 
 ney General Terry Chapin s Farm Winter Quarters General Barton 
 Resigns The Twenty-fourth Corps General Ord. 
 
 HPHE regiment landed at Gloucester Point, on the York 
 River, Va., on April 23, 1864. It now belonged to 
 the Second Brigade, Second Division, Tenth Corps, Army 
 of the James. The respective commanders were as follows : 
 The Army of the James was commanded by Major-General 
 Benjamin F. Butler; the Tenth Corps, by Major-General 
 Quincy A. Gillmore ; the Second Division, by Brigadier- 
 General John W. Turner; the Second Brigade, by Colonel 
 William B. Barton ; the Forty-eighth Regiment, by Lieute 
 nant-Colonel Dudley W. Strickland. The troops composing 
 the Tenth Corps were mostly our old comrades, with whom 
 we had been associated in the Department of the South. 
 
ARMY OF THE JAMES. 14! 
 
 The Army of the James was organized for the purpose of 
 moving westward up the James River, and if possible taking 
 the cities of Richmond and Petersburg, at the same time 
 that Grant moved southward from the Potomac by way of 
 the Wilderness and Spottsylvania against Lee. 
 
 Lieutenant-General Ulysses S. Grant had now assumed 
 the supreme command of all the Union armies. Hencefor 
 ward they moved like clock-work in obedience to his will, 
 until the final overthrow of the rebellion. The right man 
 had been found at last who could lead his country s armies 
 
 s 
 
 GENERAL GRANT. 
 
 to victory ; a quiet man, who had come by way of Donaldson 
 and Shiloh and Vicksburg, and whose military genius will 
 rank in history with that of Marlborough, Hannibal, and 
 Napoleon ; a man of relentless and inflexible determination, 
 whom disasters could not dismay, and who in the hour of 
 final victory could be magnanimous as in the hour of fiery 
 battles he was unshaken. 
 
 General B. F. Butler, to whom Grant had intrusted the 
 command of the Army of the James, may not have been a 
 great soldier, but he was a conspicuous politician and military 
 governor, and his care for the lives of his soldiers, the writer 
 
142 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMEN 7\ N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 feels, has never been fully appreciated. His career in New 
 Orleans had been magnificent ; he had coined the word " con 
 traband," and he had quelled the riots in the city of New 
 York by his very presence. If he was not, therefore, a great 
 military genius, he was a conspicuous figure in the war. The 
 writer first saw him as he stepped on board the steamer City 
 of New York, which reached Fortress Monroe on April 17, 
 1864, with 400 exchanged prisoners from Mayo s Prison Hos 
 pital in Richmond. His quaint and well-known figure, gor 
 geously uniformed, strode up and down the decks, and at 
 the sight of the emaciated bodies of the starved and frozen 
 men, some in the first stages of idiocy, whom the Confeder 
 ates had sent back to the Union lines, he stamped his foot 
 in wrath, muttering, " Damnable ! damnable!" 
 
 General Turner, the division commander, proved himself 
 a brave soldier ; our own Colonel Barton, the. brigade com 
 mander, had long ago demonstrated to us at Olustee and 
 Fort Wagner that he knew no fear. 
 
 On April 3Oth there was a grand review of all the troops 
 at Gloucester Point by General Butler, accompanied by the 
 corps and division commanders. It was an imposing array 
 of 30,000 men, and occupied the entire day from eleven A.M. 
 until night. The army marched in review " in column by 
 division." The bronzed veterans from the .Department of 
 the South won hearty cheers. It is noteworthy that we 
 were destined to meet as our immediate antagonists in the 
 battles on the James River our old enemies in the South. 
 Beauregard still commanded the Confederate army that op 
 posed us, and Colquitt s Georgians, who had defeated us at 
 Olustee, fought us again and again in the battles in Virginia. 
 
 On May 4th, the* Forty-eighth embarked on the steamer 
 Delaware, and sailed down the York River to Fortress 
 Monroe, and up the James to Bermuda Hundred ; there we 
 landed on May 6th. Bermuda Hundred is the name of an 
 irregular triangle of land at the mouth of the Appomattox r 
 and lying between it and the James River. Here Butler 
 hastily threw up a line of intrenchments from river to river, 
 
ARMY OF THE JAMES. 143 
 
 while the gun-boats in either stream completely covered each 
 flank of his army. Thus, in twenty-four hours after the ex 
 pedition started, it had gained a commanding foothold within 
 fifteen miles of the city of Richmond in a straight line, and 
 not more than eight miles from Petersburg. The movement 
 was a surprise to the Confederates, and caused great conster 
 nation at Richmond. The rapid and vigorous advance either 
 upon Petersburg or Richmond at that time, it is now known, 
 would have succeeded in taking either city. It was Butler s 
 
 BUTLER S LINES AT BERMUDA HUNDRED. 
 
 lost opportunity. But Beauregard was an agile antagonist. 
 With remarkable energy, he rapidly concentrated a respecta 
 ble army to oppose us, and on the very next day after our 
 landing (May /th) gave us battle at Chester Heights. 
 
 The troops had turned in all their heavy camp equipage 
 and superfluous baggage before leaving Gloucester Point, and 
 were now in light marching order ; each man carried his 
 piece of a shelter-tent, his blanket, overcoat, and whatever 
 he needed upon his back. The roads on the line of our 
 march from Bermuda Hundred soon became littered with 
 
144 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 blankets, tents, and clothing of all kinds, which the men had 
 thrown away ; fifty pounds on one s back soon gets heavy 
 after a few miles of marching, and whenever we halted for a 
 rest the, men would examine their knapsacks and throw 
 away whatever they could spare. Knapsacks that had been 
 packed full at the start soon were well-nigh empty. 
 
 The skill of Gillmore s soldiers in throwing up the earth 
 works at Bermuda Hundred caused much laughter. Gill 
 more s achievements in engineering, and the victories he had 
 won in the Department of the South by the skilful using 
 of the spade, caused those useful utensils to be facetiously 
 named " Gillmore s rifles." " Spades were trumps" in the 
 hands of the veterans from Morris Island. 
 
 Butler was not yet, however, quite " bottled up" at Ber 
 muda Hundred. The Army of the Potomac had found that 
 their march from the Potomac to Richmond straightfor 
 ward met some obstructions which detained them, and But 
 ler not being ordered to move against Richmond on the 
 south until he should hear the noise of battle from the north 
 side of the James, was compelled in the absence of definite 
 orders to determine his own course of action ; perhaps un 
 fortunately, he did determine to stand largely upon the de 
 fensive, and to occupy himself chiefly in destroying the 
 communications of Richmond on the south, and preventing 
 thereby reinforcements from reaching Lee. The first effort 
 he made in that direction after he found his armies securely 
 intrenched at Bermuda Hundred was on May /th. 
 
 The Richmond and Petersburg Railroad was, on the aver 
 age, about three miles in front of his line of intrenchments. 
 He determined to destroy it, and started out bravely enough 
 on the 7th. Beauregard, however, had succeeded in throw 
 ing troops into Petersburg the night before, and when Tur 
 ner s division reached Chester Heights they found the Con 
 federates in some force in their front. A skirmish ensued, 
 which was indeed on the part of the Forty-eighth as well 
 as some other regiments who found themselves in the hot 
 test of the fray a square stand-up fight. The regiment lost 
 
ARMY OF THE JAMES. 145 
 
 thirty-nine men ; and the Forty-eighth was the only regiment 
 that succeeded in reaching the railroad, and crossed it to a 
 mound beyond. They also destroyed the railroad for some 
 distance. The total Federal loss was about two hundred 
 and fifty ; we gained some advantage in the skirmish, but 
 finally withdrew. It was subsequently learned that had the 
 attack been made with more vigor, not only the railroad but 
 the city of Petersburg might have been captured. 
 
 On May I2th Butler pushed a still heavier column for 
 ward, General " Baldy" Smith marching up the turnpike to 
 the right in the direction of Fort Darling, and the left un 
 der General Gillmore following the line of the railroad 
 farther westward. The Confederates fell back behind Proc 
 tor s Creek, and occupied a fortified line one of the out 
 works of Fort Darling. Gillmore, however, turned the right 
 of their line, and by a brilliant dash carried their position ; 
 he secured also a large number of prisoners ; but the resist 
 ance was stubborn, and our losses were considerable. 
 
 And now occurred the battle of Drewry s Bluff. The cross-- 
 purposes of two opposing generals were never better illus 
 trated. Butler, feeling his way, had determined on the 
 morrow upon a general attack upon Beauregard. Beaure- 
 gard, on the other hand, had resolved to crush Butler by 
 assaulting his lines. Both Butler and Beauregard com 
 manded their armies in person. The sun set clear and the 
 sky was bright on the evening of May I5th, but during the 
 night a most impenetrable fog arose. Under cover of the 
 fog and the darkness in the early morning at 3.30 o clock 
 the Confederate columns made a furious assault on the right 
 of Butler s lines, and now occurred a most remarkable battle : 
 the rebel columns swept through the Union lines on the 
 right, but in the fog soon became thoroughly mingled with 
 them. 
 
 Butler had been poorly prepared for the unexpected as 
 sault, and unhappily his weak point was on his right, where 
 Beauregard struck him. Between -Butler s right and the 
 river there was a piece of open country for a mile, which 
 
 10 
 
146 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 was only picketed by a single regiment of negro cavalry. 
 Beauregard seems to have discovered this, the night before ; 
 at any rate he took advantage of it that early morning and 
 turned Butler s right successfully, and drove his forces back. 
 The fog, however, which had served his purpose so well in 
 masking his attack, now thwarted him ; for, as already said, 
 his forces became mixed with the Union troops so that the 
 greatest confusion ensued. You did not know friend from 
 foe, yet the Confederates pressed on in their efforts to seize 
 the road leading to Bermuda Hundred, when, happily, the 
 One Hundred and Twelfth New York and Ninth Maine 
 (two regiments which Gillmore had sent to reinforce Smith) 
 met them with such stubborn resistance, that the astonished 
 rebels, unaware because of the fog of the fewness of the 
 men who opposed them, first halted and then withdrew. 
 Thus the focr in turn served both armies. 
 
 o 
 
 Then Beauregard turned his attention to the forces occu 
 pying the breastworks at Drewry s Bluff, and massing his 
 columns hurled them three times in succession in desperate 
 assaults against Gillmore s position ; but with unflinching- 
 steadfastness the veterans of the Tenth Corps, who remem 
 bered the lessons of Fort Wagner and had learned the ad 
 vantage of defending earthworks as against the peril of as 
 saulting them, three times drove them back. The first two 
 of those three assaults were immediately upon our front, the 
 third was to our left. The following extract is from the 
 pen of Mr. O. G. Sawyer, a war-correspondent of the Tenth 
 Corps : 
 
 " The enemy hurled their column upon Turner s division, which held 
 the right of the Tenth Corps, joining the Eighteenth Corps. They 
 formed in a beautiful manner and moved steadily on Barton s brigade, 
 on the right of Turner s division, advancing as if upon parade, and not 
 firing a single shot. Waiting until they had reached a good distance 
 for effective range, the brigade poured into their lines such a terrific fire 
 that the line melted away ; and the thinned and broken ranks, after 
 vainly endeavoring to advance against a storm of bullets, fled, with ter 
 rible loss, to the w r oods in their rear. The volleys were as continuous 
 and heavy as the musketry of a brigade could well be, and such as no 
 
ARMY OF THE JAMES. 147 
 
 living beings could stand against. The rebels were scattered like chaff, 
 and broke for the woods in a disorganized mass. After great exertion 
 the line of attack was again formed, and again a brigade advanced in 
 splendid style against our line. Again did they receive the terrible 
 fire, and pushed steadily on until a fourth of them lay killed and 
 wounded on the field, when they broke and rushed quickly to the 
 cover of the woods. Our boys gave them hearty cheers, and sent a 
 volley after them. The rebels fought with more than their usual dash 
 and bravery that day, as they seemed determined to crush our army as 
 the only way. to save Richmond. They met with a bloody failure. 
 Our men fought splendidly, and the Tenth Corps has established a 
 reputation for fighting qualities that will equal that of any in the 
 army. General Gillmore displayed high qualities in the field, the 
 division commanders also. There were many parallels between this 
 battle and the battle of Inkerman in the Crimea the hour, for instance, 
 at which the attack was made, the fog, the surprise, the overwhelming 
 numbers of the assailants, the sturdy resistance they encountered, the 
 reinforcement of the besiegers, and the final repulse of the enemy. 
 Then there were bayonet charges, hand-to-hand encounters, and deeds 
 of heroism around which Obscurity will forever fold her opaque 
 mantle." 
 
 The battle lasted for thirteen mortally contested hours. 
 Butler s loss in the entire engagement was about three 
 thousand ; that of the enemy was much greater. When 
 the rebels tried their hand at assaulting earthworks strongly 
 defended by infantry well armed, they found it as difficult 
 to carry them as we had done. 
 
 The Forty -eighth was in the very heart of the battle 
 of Drewry s Bluff, and it acquitted itself with the same 
 steadfast courage in defending fortifications which it had 
 demonstrated in assaulting them. Beauregard subsequently 
 succeeded in driving back Butler s right ; that made the 
 intrenchments occupied by Gillmore untenable, since the 
 enemy could flank them ; our forces therefore were com 
 pelled to withdraw. This was done successfully, and Gen 
 eral Butler retired behind his fortifications at Bermuda 
 Hundred. 
 
 Beauregard, however, was grievously disappointed in his 
 endeavor to demolish Butler s army. The fault was laid to 
 
148 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 the rebel General Whiting, who had been ordered to strike 
 Gillmore heavily and cut off the Union line of retreat, and 
 who failed to accomplish his task. Beauregard insists that 
 Whiting s failure was all that saved Butler s army from an 
 nihilation. 
 
 It had been but ten days since the Forty-eighth Regiment 
 had landed at Bermuda Hundred, yet it had already par 
 ticipated in one heavy skirmish and one desperate battle, in 
 both of which it had acquitted itself with honor. It had 
 lost three officers and seventy-six men. Captain Moser of 
 Company C was shot through the heart. 
 
 When Butler found himself back in his intrenchments at 
 Bermuda Hundred he devised a plan to cross the Appomat- 
 tox and march against Petersburg ; before he was ready for 
 its execution, however, he received orders to detach one 
 corps of his army and a division of the other, and send them 
 to reinforce the Army of the Potomac, now approaching 
 Richmond from the North. It was deemed that the re 
 mainder of his forces were sufficient to hold the intrench 
 ments. This was a grievous disappointment to Butler, de 
 priving him of all power for further aggressive movements ; 
 and his complaint to General Grant (which gave to his posi 
 tion at Bermuda Hundred its quaint name) contained the 
 phrase, "The necessities of the Army of the Potomac have 
 bottled me up at Bermuda Hundred." Butler selected the 
 Eighteenth Corps (" Baldy Smith s ") and our division (Turn 
 er s) of the Tenth Corps to form the reinforcement to the 
 Army of the Potomac ; temporarily, therefore, the second 
 division of the Tenth Corps was united with the Eighteenth 
 Corps. On May 28th we marched to City Point, embarking 
 on the steamer Delaware on the 2Qth, and proceeded down 
 the James River, landing on May 3 1st at White House, on 
 the Pamunky River, marching nearly all night and all the 
 next day through terrible heat and dust, and joining the 
 Army of the Potomac on the battle-field of Cold Harbor, 
 late in the afternoon of June 1st. 
 
 Meanwhile a convalescent camp had been left behind at 
 
ARMY OF THE JAMES. 149 
 
 Bermuda Hundred, in which were a number of the Forty- 
 eighth who had been unable to make the hard march. They 
 were assigned, nevertheless, to picket duty daily in front 
 of the intrenchments. 
 
 Here the writer rejoined the regiment in the latter part 
 of May. Ten months had passed since his separation from 
 them on the parapets of Fort Wagner; for nine months he 
 had been in rebel prisons in Charleston and Columbia, S. C. ; 
 in Libby, on Belle Island, and at Mayo s Prison Hospital in 
 Richmond. The most of those who had been taken prisoner 
 with him on the bank at Wagner had perished in the Con 
 federate prison-pens. But few ever returned. 
 
 The picket-line at Bermuda Hundred had an adventure 
 one night that deserves a passing notice. The Confederate 
 lines in our front, being found weakly defended one day, 
 were carried easily by assault. They were held for one 
 night, and the videttes thrown far forward in their rear. 
 The writer was one of them, and he remembers spending 
 that night hiding behind a tree, watching out for " rebels" 
 in the woods half a mile away. He recalls vividly also their 
 countercharge in the morning, and the way in which, from 
 his advanced position on the vidette line, at loss of cartridge- 
 box, musket, and all accoutrements, and only by the most 
 strenuous use of sterling legs, he succeeded in escaping a 
 trip to rebel prisons again. The enemy retook their earth 
 work: indeed, there was no attempt made to hold it. 
 
 Meanwhile the regiment was once more engaged in a ter 
 rible battle at Cold Harbor. Within half an hour after they 
 had reached the battle-field, they were ordered forward to the 
 attack. [The writer adopts the name Cold Harbor, usually 
 used in Federal reports of the battle ; the proper name, how 
 ever, is Cool Arbor, the word being derived from the name of 
 a tavern in the woods, which had been a well-known resort 
 to citizens of Richmond since Revolutionary times.] 
 
 When General W. F. Smith, with the Eighteenth Corps 
 and one division of the Tenth from the Army of the James, 
 reached the battle-field he was assigned his position on the 
 
150 
 
 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 right of Wright s corps ; Smith s forces numbered sixteen 
 thousand. The two armies of Grant and Lee now confronted 
 each other on the old battle-ground which Lee and McClel- 
 lan had contested two years before. Although Smith s troops 
 had made a forced march of twenty-five miles, no sooner 
 were they in position than they were ordered to advance. 
 Between the two armies at that point was a broad, gently 
 undulating field, then a thin line of woods, beyond which, 
 
 POSITION AT COLD HARBOR. 
 
 and in front of a denser forest, the rebels occupied a line of 
 rifle-pits. Over this open field, at four o clock in the after 
 noon, forgetful now of their fatigue from their long and 
 dusty march, Smith s forces rushed, making a most furious 
 charge, and in the face of a murderous fire captured the first 
 line of rifle-pits, taking about six hundred prisoners. Then 
 they pushed on, assaulting a second and much stronger line ; 
 but the rebels held it firmly till night came on, and the strug- 
 
ARMY OF THE JAMES. 151 
 
 gle ended. In those two desperate assaults our forces lost 
 fully two thousand men ; but they held every inch of the 
 ground they won, and bivouacked that night at the advanced 
 point which they reached. They were partly in the shelter 
 of the thin woods, but they found little rest that night, for 
 the enemy made many desperate efforts to retake their lost 
 rifle-pits, and annoyed us throughout the night by a con 
 stant fire. 
 
 The part of the regiment in those famous assaults was a 
 gallant one. Colonel Barton, the brigade commander, was 
 wounded, and in the absence of superior officers the com 
 mand of tjie regiment ultimately devolved upon Captain 
 Nichols. Lieutenant Ingram was shot at the very moment 
 of taking the rifle-pits. Among the prisoners there was 
 found a female officer of artillery, and it was in the struggle 
 for the second line of rifle-pits that Color-Sergeant Porch 
 was shot, and the colors of the regiment were lost. 
 
 It may be doubted if in the whole history of the Forty- 
 eighth a more gallant deed will be chronicled than that of 
 the death of Porch. He had been falsely twitted with cow 
 ardice at Drewry s Bluff, because he had taken the colors to 
 the rear when ordered to do so, when our forces retired ; 
 some one, who did not know that he was but obeying orders, 
 had accused him of showing u the white-feather." No charge 
 could have stung his noble soul more keenly. Porch was a 
 gentleman and a hero. He had been a student at Penning- 
 ton Seminary, N. J., in i86i,and had enlisted under Captain 
 Knowles the first to write his name on the roll of Company 
 D. He was an educated, well-to-do boy from New Jersey, 
 and his death was a spectacle which his comrades ought 
 never to forget. Tantum was his bosom-friend, and just as 
 our men reached that second line of rifle-pits, that bristled 
 with bayonets and swarmed with rebels, Tantum cried to 
 Porch, " Now, Billy, show them that you are no coward." 
 To mount that bank was instant death, and yet without 
 hesitancy and without a word Porch leaped up it alone : he 
 was shot dead by a score of bullets, and throwing his arms 
 
152 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 around his flag, fell with it into the midst of the foe. Not 
 another man followed him. He was left alone there in the 
 keeping of his flag and of glory. 
 
 So hot was the fire that day, that not only Porch but 
 every member of his color-guard was shot down. The loss 
 of the colors, although that was caused by the high valor 
 with which they were borne, was a serious blow to the 
 regiment. To lose your colors in battle was esteemed a 
 reproach ; in our case it was, on the contrary, a high honor. 
 That was rightfully recognized at headquarters, for although 
 a general order had been issued, that a regiment losing its 
 colors should not carry them again for three months, yet a 
 special order was issued permitting the Forty-eighth to 
 carry colors immediately. 
 
 And now followed days and days of fierce fighting, of 
 charge and countercharge, of holding rifle-pits under the 
 fatal fire of sharp-shooters, and of individual deeds of valor 
 which the writer greatly regrets that he has not space or 
 time to note. 
 
 " Baldy" Smith s forces from the Army of the James, vet 
 erans as they were from the South, and now for the first 
 time merged into the great Army of the Potomac, were yet 
 a distinct portion of it. They did the fiercest fighting at 
 Cold Harbor, and won the only victories of the Union army 
 there. Perhaps they remembered that they were fighting 
 now under the eye and command of the greatest soldier of 
 the war, and in association with an army which was immortal. 
 The high honor was reserved for them to cover the move 
 ment of the Army of the Potomac to the left, when Grant s 
 final great march by the flank transferred his army from 
 the front of Richmond to the front of Petersburg. 
 
 On June 2d the Forty-eighth held a portion of the rebel 
 line on the left of that which had been captured on the 
 night of June 1st. That night Lieutenant Barrett was 
 again wounded a wound still more serious than that re 
 ceived at Wagner. The casualties of the regiment dur 
 ing the first twenty-four hours at Cold Harbor were five 
 
ARMY OF THE JAMES. 153 
 
 officers killed, four wounded, and eighty enlisted men killed, 
 wounded, and missing. On June 3d the regiment was 
 moved from point to point along the Union lines; hard 
 fighting was constantly in progress. On June 4th it was 
 moved to a still more exposed position. On June 5th, 
 6th, 7th, 8th, and Qth it was constantly in the rifle-pits, un 
 der a fire that never ceased by night or day first on the 
 right, then on the left, then at the front ; and everywhere it 
 sustained its reputation for valor and efficiency. 
 
 The ground between the lines of the contending armies 
 was strewn with dead and dying soldiers of either side, but 
 so incessant and so hot was the firing that it was certain 
 death to attempt to reach them. The crash of artillery, the 
 ceaseless rattle of musketry, the glare of flashing guns by 
 night and day, the " yells" of the Confederates and the 
 "cheers" of the Federals, were constantly heard. Indeed it 
 was a succession of battles none of them decisive. 
 
 On the night of June nth special precautions were or 
 dered, from which the men at the front inferred something 
 definite was now about to occur. The next day rumors 
 were current that once more the Army of the Potomac was 
 to change the base of its operations. At dark that night 
 the Forty-eighth relieved the Seventy-sixth Pennsylvania in 
 the rifle-pits on the left, and as they moved to the place as 
 signed them they w r ere informed that Burnside s Ninth 
 corps had already gone, and that " Baldy" Smith s forces 
 from the Army of the James were to hold the lines until 
 Meade s army should get away. The fear was not unwar 
 ranted that they were to be sacrificed for the salvation of 
 the Army of the Potomac. 
 
 The battle of Cold Harbor was the fiercest of that series of 
 desperate encounters between Grant and Lee which began 
 in the Wilderness. At Cold Harbor alone the National loss 
 was reported as 13,153 ; the Confederate losses were much 
 less, since they constantly fought behind intrenchments. 
 Grant s entire losses from the time he started upon that cam- 
 
154 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. K 5. VOLS. 
 
 paign (May 4th) up to his crossing of the James River (June 
 1 2th) are estimated at the enormous figure of 60,000. 
 
 Grant s great object had been the destruction or the diV 
 persion of Lee s army at points north of Richmond. This r 
 despite the terrible battles he had fought, he had failed to 
 do. Yet he was not dismayed. He now conceived the bold 
 project of throwing his army to the south side of the James 
 by a grand flank movement, and in that manner cut off the 
 chief sources of supply of Lee s army from the south and 
 southwest, and thus compel its surrender. It is well known 
 to history how he accomplished it. The withdrawal of a 
 great army from the very front of an enemy is a most diffi 
 cult task. It depends largely for its success upon the fidelity 
 of the thin lines who are assigned to hold the rifle-pits to the 
 last ; and that is the precise work which we did at Cold Har 
 bor, and so successfully, that the flank movement of the 
 Army of the Potomac across the James is conceded to have 
 been one of the most brilliant military achievements in his 
 tory. 
 
 At one o clock in the morning of June I3th the men of the 
 Forty-eighth in the advanced rifle-pits received orders to 
 finally evacuate their works. Word was passed in whispers 
 from man to man, and seven companies were safely with 
 drawn to the rear. There yet remained, however, three 
 companies of the regiment, who were posted in the very ad 
 vanced rifle-pits, and to withdraw them from the very front 
 was a work of the greatest difficulty. Yet it was success 
 fully accomplished that early morning, with the loss of but a 
 few men, who were necessarily left behind and sacrificed for 
 the safety of the rest, and the forces retired in good order 
 to White House, where their transports awaited them. 
 Nothing in the history of the war was finer than the hold 
 ing of the lines at Cold Harbor during the change of base 
 by Grant s army. It only could have been accomplished 
 by veteran soldiers in the highest stages of discipline. 
 
 On June I4th the regiment* sailed from White House 
 down the Pamunky River and up the James, and late in the 
 
ARMY OF THE JAMES. 15$. 
 
 afternoon of the 1 5th reached again its old intrenchments at 
 Bermuda Hundred. 
 
 It was early the next morning, while the boys were yet 
 asleep on the ground, that the writer found himself once 
 more in the midst of his old regiment. It was within one 
 month and one day of a year since he had been separated 
 from them that fiery night on the banks of Wagner. The 
 change that had come to the regiment was better realized 
 by him because of his long absence than by those who had 
 been constantly present with it. The clean uniforms, the 
 burnished guns, the shining buttons, the white gloves, and 
 all the fineries of war that had signalized our long stay at 
 Fort Pulaski, and that the regiment had carried with it up 
 to the very guns at Wagner, were now entirely gone. Hard 
 usage, terrible campaigns, fatal battles, and tiresome marches 
 had thinned its ranks and tarnished buttons and " scales," 
 and destroyed their fine uniforms, but had not broken their 
 loyal spirits. Such had been the changes in the personnel 
 of the regiment, that I found myself well-nigh a stranger. 
 In the former days the "Colonel s orderly" had known 
 everybody, and the amateur actors of the Barton Dramatic 
 Association had been known by all. Only a little group of 
 those with whom I had been intimate remained. Very 
 many of the men who had formerly been privates, like my 
 self, had been promoted to commissioned officers. William 
 J. Carlton, for instance, who had been third sergeant, was 
 now captain of Company D, and John M. Tantum, who had 
 been orderly sergeant, was now first lieutenant, and com 
 manded the company. Similar changes had occurred no 
 doubt in every other company of the regiment. 
 
 Great and important military movements now rapidly 
 succeeded each other in our vicinity. On June I7th and 
 1 8th the Sixth and Eighteenth Corps were near us, while 
 the Second, Fifth, and Ninth were on our left. In company 
 with the whole army we marched toward Petersburg. The 
 knowledge which the private soldier possessed of the move 
 ments of a great army was vague and indefinite. Many 
 
156 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, A T . Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 mistakes were made, and opportunities were allowed to pass 
 unimproved, which cost the Republic dear, but of which we 
 then had little knowledge, and which it is no part of a 
 merely regimental historian to chronicle. 
 
 On the afternoon of June 22d President Lincoln, accom 
 panied by General Butler and a glittering cavalcade, rode 
 by our intrenchments. We greeted the immortal President 
 with enthusiastic cheers. 
 
 On June 23d we finally reached the position in the forti 
 fications in front of Petersburg which we were destined to 
 occupy for weeks ; that position was in the immediate 
 neighborhood of the Jerusalem Plank Road, and just to the 
 left of where the fortifications crossed it. We were immedi- 
 .ately on the right of Burnside s Ninth Corps. We were 
 now confronted by Lee s entire army, behind formidable 
 lines of redans, redoubts, and infantry parapets, with skil 
 fully contrived outer defences of abatis, stakes, and chevaux- 
 de-frise. The lines extended nearly forty miles in length, 
 from the left bank of the Appomattox, around to the 
 western side of Petersburg, also to and across the James to 
 the eastern side of Richmond. To menace that extended 
 line required equally long and strong intrenchments, and 
 these were immediately constructed. 
 
 There was now a comparative lull in the sanguinary 
 struggle which had signalized the preceding months. Was 
 ,it not true that the temper of the Union armies had become 
 inferior to what it formerly had been ? It is true that many 
 veterans remained ; and yet the majority of our forces now 
 consisted of raw troops, of inferior discipline and of a less 
 exalted spirit than those who at the first outbreak of the 
 war had volunteered for the defence of the Republic. Con 
 scription and vast bounties had been resorted to to replen 
 ish the thinned ranks of the loyal armies. The temper of 
 the men, therefore, whom Grant commanded during the last 
 year of the war, in the east, was not to be compared with 
 -that of those who had marched under McClellan two years 
 before. Gillmore had been succeeded in the command of 
 
DEFENCES OF RICHMOND AND PETERSBURG. 
 
FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 the Tenth Corps by Brigadier-General W. H. T. Brooks ; 
 he also retired from its command on July I5th, and on 
 July 22d Major-General David B. Birney became our corps 
 -commander. 
 
 General Turner still commanded the Second Division, 
 which came to be known as the " Flying Division," because 
 it was continually detached from its corps and sent here 
 and there as the exigencies of the service required. Colo 
 nel Barton continued to command the Second Brigade, and 
 Lieutenant-Colonel Coan the Forty-eighth Regiment. Lieu- 
 
 FORT STEADMAN. 
 
 tenant-Colonel Dudley W. Strickland had resigned ; Captain 
 Lockwood also had returned to civil life. As finally ad 
 justed, Barton s brigade consisted of the Forty-seventh and 
 Forty-eighth New York, Seventy-sixth and Ninety-seventh 
 Pennsylvania, and later the Two Hundred and Third Penn 
 sylvania was added to it. Thus brigaded for ensuing 
 months, the regiment was destined still to do noble service 
 for the country. 
 
 The fortifications in our immediate front at Petersburg 
 were of the most formidable character, Forts Steadman and 
 Sedgwick being particularly hot places: to the latter our 
 men gave the name of " Fort Hell," when, not to be outdone, 
 
ARMY OF THE JAMES. 159 
 
 the rebels called the former " Fort Damnation." Perhaps 
 they were not over-elegant names ; neither were they mild 
 and quiet places. 
 
 On June 3<Dth an advance was ordered upon the Confed 
 erate works on Cemetery Hill in our front. Barton s 
 brigade was directed to assault the hill upon the right. So 
 formidable were the rebel works, that it seemed like court 
 ing certain death to attempt to carry them by assault ; 
 nevertheless we were ordered out, and formed our lines in 
 the woods in front of our fortifications. Delays, however, 
 occurred, and finally, greatly to our relief, the order was re 
 called. Colonel Barton was subjected to some blame for the 
 failure of the assault. His action was subjected to a criti 
 cal examination, but upon his stating his reasons he was 
 thoroughly exonerated from all blame, and his course in 
 the matter approved. Beyond a doubt his regard for the 
 lives of his soldiers that day saved many of us from death. 
 The fortifications which it was intended we should assault 
 were subsequently proven to have been so powerful, that if 
 we had ventured to advance against them we would un 
 doubtedly have been destroyed. 
 
 At that time our pickets were posted in lines of little 
 rifle-pits, hastily dug among the trees in the woods in front 
 of our works. But two men at a time were placed in these 
 little holes, and so hot was the fire, that the reliefs were only 
 made at night. Whoever ventured to stand up a moment 
 in the sight of the enemy, either in the rifle-pits or upon the 
 fortifications, was sure to be picked off by sharp-shooters. 
 Sometimes the boys would rig up a dummy upon a pole and 
 lift it to the top of the parapet : it was sure to be riddled with 
 bullets in a moment. The two personal friends with whom 
 the writer shared a shelter tent in those days (Graham and 
 Richman) were thus killed by sharp-shooters : Graham on 
 June the 29th, while trying to run to the rifle-pits with some 
 coffee for the men ; George W. Richman, the very next 
 morning, while we were together and alone in a rifle-pit on 
 picket. That terrible day, from the early morning till it grew 
 
160 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 dark at night, which the writer spent by the side of his 
 dead friend in that rifle-pit, is still unforgotten. 
 
 Throughout the hot month of July we continued to oc 
 cupy our line of fortifications before Petersburg, alternat 
 ing forty-eight hours of duty at the front and forty-eight 
 hours at the rear. But the rest in the rear was hardly less, 
 perilous than duty at the front. Our casualties in the Peters 
 burg trenches were one officer and twenty men killed and 
 wounded. 
 
 About eight o clock on the evening of July 2Qth the 
 Second Division of the Tenth Corps was relieved from duty 
 in its intrenchments by a part of the Eighteenth Corps, and 
 ordered to join the forces of General Burnside in front of 
 the position of the Ninth Corps, for the purpose of mak 
 ing the anticipated assault upon the enemy s works, upon 
 the explosion of the famous Petersburg mine. At a 
 point immediately in Burnside s front, within one hundred 
 and fifty yards of his line, a Confederate fort, mounting six 
 guns, projected beyond their average line; four hundred 
 yards in its rear was Cemetery Hill, crowned by a battery 
 which commanded the city of Petersburg and indeed the 
 most important of the Confederate works. In order to seize 
 that crest, and thus at one blow capture Petersburg and 
 command the rebel position, a most ingenious device had 
 been resorted to. 
 
 The Forty-eighth Pennsylvania of Burnside s corps was a 
 regiment which had been enlisted from the mining regions 
 of that State, and almost to a man they were practical miners. 
 They undertook and successfully accomplished the mining 
 of that rebel fort. At noon on June 25th, without proper 
 tools and with but few of the materials deemed requisite 
 for such work, they commenced their gallery. They ob 
 tained planks by tearing down a rebel bridge; the dirt was 
 carried away upon hand barrels constructed out of cracker- 
 boxes ; many difficulties were overcome ; and on July i/th 
 the main gallery 5Oi T 8 y feet in length, was completed. The 
 enemy had been warned that their works were being mined,.. 
 
ARMY OF THE JAMES. l6l 
 
 and they began countermining. However, the work went 
 on. The Forty-eighth Pennsylvania had sunk their galleries 
 so deep that they were not discovered. Yet the men at 
 work far underground plainly heard the enemy over their 
 heads in the fort. 
 
 They excavated two lateral galleries, one to the right, the 
 other to the left, a little beyond and in rear of the rebel fort. 
 The right lateral gallery was thirty-eight feet long, the left 
 nearly as long. They were drained and timbered, and eight 
 magazines were placed in position within them. The 
 mine was charged on July 27th. The charge consisted of 
 three hundred and twenty kegs of powder, each containing 
 twenty-five pounds eight thousand pounds in all. That 
 delicate work was accomplished between four o clock in the 
 afternoon and ten at night ; the tamping was finished by six 
 o clock the next day. Great hopes were entertained of this 
 remarkable device. It was believed that if that mine could 
 be successfully exploded, and our forces could rush at once 
 through the crater, they would find the enemy so demoralized 
 that they could successfully capture Cemetery Hill, and that 
 Lee s army would be at their mercy. 
 
 On the night of the 2Qth a vast array of troops was assem 
 bled in Burnside s front as noiselessly as possible, ready for 
 the assault in the early morning. Ledlie s division of the 
 Ninth Corps was unfortunately chosen by lot for the perilous 
 duty of leading the assault ; other divisions formed in its 
 rear. Our division moved to the position assigned to it 
 during the night. It was in its place at 3.30 A.M., at which 
 time it was expected that the explosion would occur, but 
 the fuse failed. Lieutenant Jacob Douty of Company K, 
 Forty-eighth Pennsylvania, and Sergeant Henry Reese of 
 the same regiment, ventured into the gallery, detecting and 
 removing the cause of its failure. At 4.45 A.M. they reapplied 
 the match, and slowly but surely the fuse burned its way 
 to the mine. The whole army massed there together, 
 momentarily expecting the explosion in their front, waited. 
 They were moments of intense anxiety. The rebellion might 
 
l62 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 be ended with this day if this explosion and assault were 
 but successful. 
 
 Suddenly the very earth on which we stood seemed to 
 tremble ; the fire had reached the magazines, and, with a 
 mighty shock, followed by a rumbling like that of thunder, the 
 whole Confederate fort in our front was lifted into the air. A 
 dense mass of smoke covered it, and flying fragments flew 
 everywhere. The entire work was demolished, and its garri 
 son of three hundred men buried in its ruins. In a moment, 
 as the smoke cleared away, we saw a vast crater where the for 
 tification had been, one hundred and thirty-five feet in length, 
 and some ninety-seven feet in width and thirty feet in depth. 
 Instantly the Federal guns opened a heavy cannonade and 
 bombardment for miles all along our lines. The dismayed 
 Confederates only made a feeble response. The way was 
 open to us the enemy was at our mercy. 
 
 And now occurred the most lamentable failure and the 
 most inexcusable of the whole war. Ledlie s division, which 
 its commander should have led in person straight through 
 the crater and on to the crest, went no further than the site 
 of the ruined fort. Ledlie himself is said to have taken 
 refuge in a bomb-proof. He was disgraced, and retired from 
 the army from that day. The divisions of Potter and Wilcox 
 followed him, but their way was blocked by Ledlie s halted 
 columns. So great was the confusion of the enemy that 
 even this was not yet fatal. The day could still have been 
 redeemed by an immediate and general advance, but every 
 moment was priceless. It was now determined to bring for 
 ward from the rear Ferrero s division of colored soldiers, and 
 send them forward to storm the hill. The delay that oc 
 curred before they could be brought to the front was fatal. 
 
 It was the old blunder of Fort Wagner repeated at 
 Petersburg: not that the colored soldiers did not come for 
 ward bravely enough ; but they were not in position at the 
 proper moment, and the delay was fatal. The enemy were in 
 a state of panic ; aroused from their sleep in the trenches by 
 the terrible explosion, it was a long time before their officers 
 
ARMY OF THE JAMES. 163 
 
 succeeded in rallying them. Beauregard claims ridiculously 
 that it was done in less than five minutes, but even that should 
 have been five minutes too late. The mine had exploded at 
 fifteen minutes before five ; it was half-past seven when Fer- 
 rero s colored division advanced to the breach. They were 
 met by a deadly fire from the Confederates, who had now 
 rallied and were back in their places behind their para 
 pets, and they quickly broke and fled to the rear in confu 
 sion. A terrible fight now ensued among the struggling and 
 disorganized masses of men in and about the crater: some 
 of them forced their way into the ditch of the gorge-line, 
 where they fought with the enemy hand to hand ; others 
 crept along the glacis of the exterior line and climbed over 
 the parapet into the main trench. The rebels fought be 
 hind their traverses. But it was useless : the priceless mo 
 ments had been wasted ; the only hope of that day was a 
 sudden, simultaneous, and overwhelming advance upon the 
 demoralized enemy instantly after the explosion. 
 
 The opportunity had now passed. At half-past nine 
 General Grant in person rode up to the line, dismounted, 
 " walked Across the front, under a heavy fire, to a point 
 where Burnside was watching the battle. He took in the 
 situation at a glance, and perceiving that every chance of suc 
 cess was lost, at once exclaimed, * These troops must be imme 
 diately withdrawn ; it is slaughter to leave them there. " * 
 They were withdrawn with great difficulty, and under a most 
 terrific fire, during the next few hours. The whole affair 
 was most wretchedly managed throughout ; only the explo 
 sion itself was a success. Our losses were estimated at 
 4400; the Confederate loss at not more than a thousand, 
 including those who had been blown up with the fort. 
 
 It was a most disastrous failure, for which somebody was 
 responsible. Though Turner s division did not move, 
 strictly speaking, into the crater itself, it was so placed that 
 it suffered from a most terrible fire through those hours. 
 
 * Badeau s Military History of U. S. Grant, vol. ii. p. 482. 
 
164 
 
 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 The loss of the Forty-eighth was two officers and twenty- 
 seven men. Major Swartwout was killed ; so were Lieuten 
 ant O Brien and Orderly Sergeant MacDougall. Turner s 
 division sustained a loss of over four hundred ; for more than 
 three hours they had stood firmly under a severe fire of 
 musketry and artillery, in an isolated and perilous position. 
 
 On July 3 ist Turner s "Flying Division" was relieved 
 from duty with the Eighteenth Corps, and ordered to rejoin 
 the Tenth Corps again at Bermuda Hundred. For thirty- 
 eight days the regiment had been continuously under fire be 
 fore Petersburg, and a return to its old quarters north of the 
 
 GRANT S HEADQUARTERS AT CITY POINT. \ . 
 
 Appomattox was greatly welcomed. Here the details of 
 men for duty in the trenches and on picket were much re 
 duced, and, in a manner, the regiment rested at Bermuda 
 Hundred from July 3ist to August I3th. By mutual con 
 sent the pickets in front of the opposing lines had ceased 
 the murderous practice of desultory firing upon one another, 
 and -comparative quiet ensued. Indeed, frequently the 
 pickets could be seen reclining upon their respective em 
 bankments in plain view of one another, and often inter 
 changed papers, tobacco, coffee, and the like. Frequently 
 interesting conversations occurred between them ; it was a 
 tacit truce which they maintained, but both sides respected 
 it. 
 
 Early in August General Butler conceived the design of 
 constructing his famous Dutch Gap Canal, and volunteers 
 
AKMY OF THE JAMES. 
 
 165 
 
 were called for from the various regiments to do the work. 
 The writer s impression was that not many of the Forty- 
 eighth responded: volunteering to dig ditches under the 
 blazing August sun was not a particularly coveted occupa 
 tion. 
 
 But we were not destined to rest long at Bermuda 
 Hundred. It had been determined to attempt a movement 
 against Richmond on the north side of the James River, 
 
 PONTOON BRIDGE AT JONES LANDING ON JAMES RIVER. 
 
 arid the Second and Tenth Corps were assigned to the task. 
 General Turner, with the first brigade of his division, was 
 left at Bermuda Hundred; the Third and Second brigades 
 of Turner s division were now temporarily attached to what 
 was known as " Birney s provisional division." The march 
 from Bermuda Hundred to and across the James River at 
 Jones Landing, on a pontoon bridge, and on to Deep 
 Bottom, was a trying one ; many fell from the ranks, over 
 come .by the excessive heat. On the morning of August 
 
1 66 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 i6th we were at Strawberry Plains. To the writer this was 
 a memorable day: three years before, on August i6th, he 
 had been mustered into the service with Company H ; his 
 term therefore expired with that day. Many others of the 
 regiment had also completed their term of service and felt 
 that they should now be sent home ; yet they were on the 
 threshold of another desperate battle, and though they 
 might by right have refused to participate in it, not a single 
 man did so. 
 
 Fighting was constant all about us throughout those days 
 of August ; Lieutenants Tantum and Sears were killed at 
 Strawberry Plains on the i6th. Tantum s term of service 
 also expired on that very day; it was remembered that he 
 had said, " The day my three years expire, I shall resign my 
 commission." But when the day really came, he took his 
 place at the head of his company and led them in a fearful 
 charge. As they rushed forward he leaped upon a stump 
 and shouted, " Give them a Jersey tiger, boys !" and turning 
 to the front again, fell dead with a bullet in his brain. He 
 had served his country "for three years" and forever. Cap 
 tain D Arcy was also 4 killed in this series of engagements, 
 and Captain Taylor and Lieutenant Seaward were wounded. 
 The charge at Strawberry Plains was immediately success 
 ful, but the reinforcement of the enemy ultimately com 
 pelled a retreat, with a severe loss, to our intrenched lines. 
 
 The position of the Forty-eighth was one of extreme 
 peril. The first intimation that Birney s provisional divi 
 sion received that our forces were retiring was the sudden 
 appearance of a large body of the enemy in front of their 
 line of works, extending far beyond our flanks, and advanc 
 ing rapidly upon us. They met them with a galling fire 
 until retreat or capture became inevitable ; then they re 
 treated, stubbornly contesting every inch of ground, keeping 
 at bay their pursuers, fighting from tree to tree, doing great 
 damage to the enemy, but suffering severe losses themselves. 
 The entire casualties of the Federal forces during this move-, 
 ment were about five thousand, of these the Forty-eighth 
 
ARMY OF THE I AMES. 1 6? 
 
 lost on August I4th one officer and three men ; on August 
 1 6th, four officers and fifty men. The battles at Strawberry 
 Plains and Deep Bottom occupy no very conspicuous place 
 in tlie history of the war, since ultimately they accomplished 
 no great purpose, but they were on the part of those partici 
 pating in them a protracted series of battles, in which they 
 suffered greatly. 
 
 After the engagements at Deep Bottom and Strawberry 
 Plains, the brigades of the Second Division of the Tenth 
 Corps were found to be sadly worn and shattered, the regi- 
 
 BULLET-PROOF IN THE WOODS. 
 
 ments being but the skeletons of their former selves; the 
 condition of the men also was one of almost utter exhaus 
 tion. Days of continual marching and fighting in the intense 
 heat had taxed their powers of endurance to the utmost ten 
 sion. There was desultory firing on our front August 1 7th 
 and 1 8th, by which we did not particularly suffer, and we 
 returned to the intrenchments at Deep Bottom for a respite 
 of rest. Captain Nichols had commanded the regiment in 
 this engagement, as at Cold Harbor. On August 2Oth we 
 again left Deep Bottom to do picket-duty at Strawberry 
 Plains, and on the 2ist returned to our old intrenchments at 
 Bermuda Hundred. 
 
1 68 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 At this time the following general order was issued by 
 General Birney : 
 
 HEADQUARTERS TENTH ARMY CORPS, 
 
 FUSSEL S MILLS, VA., August 19, 1864. 
 GENERAL ORDERS: 
 
 The Major-General commanding congratulates the Tenth Corps 
 upon its success. It has on each occasion, when ordered, broken the 
 enemy s strong lines. It has captured, during this short campaign, 
 four siege guns, protected by the most formidable works, six colors, 
 and many prisoners. It has proved itself worthy of its old Wagner 
 and Sumter renown. Much fatigue, patience, and heroism may yet 
 be demanded of it; but the Major-General commanding is confident 
 of the response. 
 
 (Signed) MAJOR-GENERAL D. B. BIRNEY. 
 
 EDWARD W. SMITH, 
 
 Lt.-Col. and A. A. G. 
 
 So reduced in numbers had the regiment now become that 
 there were but three commissioned officers for duty and but 
 a few men. Skirmishes were frequent in our front, and in 
 one of them on the morning of August 25th we lost one 
 killed and nine wounded and missing. On August 28th the 
 regiment returned to its old intrenchments in front of Peters 
 burg, alternating with the Seventy-sixth Pennsylvania at 
 duty in the trenches and resting in the rear. It remained 
 there for a month. 
 
 On September i^th the members of the regiment whose 
 term of service had expired, and who had not re-enlisted, 
 were finally sent home. Some of them had been retained 
 for a month after the expiration of their term. Many com 
 plaints were made at this injustice, but it was explained that 
 none would be discharged until the date of the muster-in of 
 the final company (September loth). They were retained 
 at the front, however, for seven days after that date ; and as 
 they were days of peril, the procedure was unjust : to one at 
 least it proved fatal. The writer had not re-enlisted, having 
 been in prison at the time when the question was mooted. 
 He suspects had he been present with the regiment he would 
 
ARMY OF THE JAMES. 169. 
 
 have done as a majority of the regiment did. His service,, 
 therefore, closed in front of Petersburg on the i/th of Sep 
 tember. We were finally mustered out, " honorably dis 
 charged, at the expiration of our term of service," in New 
 York City, September 20, 1864. 
 
 Hitherto, in writing the most of this history, the writer- 
 has been aided by his own memories; henceforth he will be 
 at the disadvantage of being entirely dependent upon the 
 meagre data which he has been able to obtain. 
 
 On the evening of September iSth, the Tenth and Eigh 
 teenth Corps once more left the front of Petersburg and 
 crossed the Appomattox, passed through Bermuda Hundred,, 
 and crossed the James River by a pontoon bridge at Deep 
 Bottom. They moved with such secrecy and rapidity that 
 they were in front of the Confederates intrenchments, below 
 Chapin s Bluff, at daylight on the 2Qth. General Ord com 
 manded the Eighteenth Corps, and was directed by General 
 Butler to assault the enemy s outpost below the Bluff, known* 
 as Fort Harrison. The Eighteenth Corps went forward to 
 the charge with a fine gallantry, taking a considerable portion 
 of the enemy s intrenchments, and captured fifteen guns and 
 150 prisoners. General Ord was wounded, and General Weit- 
 zel succeeded to the command. Simultaneously, General 
 Birney with the Tenth Corps advanced toward Spring Hill, 
 and carried a strong line of rebel earthworks, with double 
 line of abatis, at New Market Heights, inflicting a loss of 
 500 on the lenemy. He then advanced upon still more forti 
 fied lines at Laurel Hill, known as Fort Gilmer, within six 
 miles of the city of Richmond. His force was inadequate for 
 the task of carrying Fort Gilmer by assault, though it was 
 attempted, and some of the troops reached the ditch. Birney 
 withdrew, however, at nightfall, having suffered a loss of 350 
 men. The Eighteenth Corps also was successful in a further 
 assault. During this engagement the Second Division of 
 the Tenth Corps made a terrific charge on one of the main 
 lines of the enemy, but did not succeed in forcing an entrance 
 into the work, although it suffered a heavy loss. So great 
 
I7O FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. V. S. VOLS. 
 
 was the number of obstructions that the men were unable 
 to move upon the double-quick; the enemy also, were in 
 superior force. 
 
 The next day, September 3Oth, the Confederates at 
 tempted to retake their works, but were gallantly repulsed, 
 with severe loss. The casualties of the Forty-eighth in 
 killed, wounded, and missing were considerable. Finding 
 the city of Richmond thus menaced from the north of the 
 James, the enemy determined upon a vigorous effort to 
 drive our forces from their position. On the evening of 
 October 6th they advanced at dusk in two columns. A 
 terrible fight ensued, in which the enemy were finally beaten 
 back with a loss of over a thousand in killed and wounded, 
 and retreated in great confusion. The men of the Tenth 
 Corps acted with conspicuous valor. 
 
 This was the very last engagement of any importance in 
 which the regiment participated until the close of the year. 
 On October iSth our brave corps commander, Major-Gen 
 eral David B. Birney, died. His loss was a serious one to 
 the Union armies, and to the Tenth Corps it was irrepara 
 ble. Brigadier-General A. H. Terry succeeded to the com 
 mand of the corps, which continued to hold its position 
 north of the James. In a congratulatory address General 
 B. F. Butler referred to our part in the recent engagements 
 in the following terms : 
 
 " After crossing the James with celerity, precision, secrecy, and 
 promptness of movement seldom equalled, you assailed and carried 
 the enemy s strong works, with double line of abatis, at Spring Hill 
 and New Market, thus taking possession of the outer line of the 
 enemy s w T orks, and advancing to the very gates of Richmond. So 
 vital was your success, that on October ist, under the eye of Lee him 
 self, massing his best troops, the enemy made most determined 
 assaults upon your lines to retake it, .and were driven back with loss 
 of seven battle-flags and almost the annihilation of Clingman s brigade. 
 After weeks of preparation, massing all his veteran troops on your 
 right flank, on the 7th of October the enemy drove in our cavalry, 
 with the loss of some pieces of horse artillery; but meeting the steady 
 troops of the Tenth Corps, were repulsed with slaughter, losing three 
 
ARMY OF THE JAMES. \Jl 
 
 commanders of brigade killed and wounded, and many field and line 
 officers and men killed, wounded, and prisoners." 
 
 At the end of this campaign the regiment went into 
 winter quarters at Chapin s Farm. The boys built log- 
 huts, and made themselves as comfortable as possible for 
 the winter. Duty in the intrenchments and on picket 
 was continuous, but without especial incident. The posi 
 tion held was a strong one. Changes in the regiment 
 itself occurred during the winter; some forty recruits were 
 received. The men were drilled daily with as much regu- 
 
 ARMY HUTS AT CHAPIN S FARM. 
 
 larity as possible ; but so thin had the ranks become by 
 reason of the casualties of the terrible campaigns through 
 which they had passed, that it was customary in a company 
 drill to unite five companies into one. Most of the com 
 panies were commanded by sergeants ; the noble regiment 
 had dwindled away to that. The pine woods around 
 Chapin s Farm soon disappeared that winter, great ingenuity 
 being exercised by the men in the construction of their winter 
 quarters. Some of the huts had brick fire-places, the brick 
 being obtained from houses that had suddenly and mysteri 
 ously disappeared. The camp of the regiment was like a 
 little village, and not very unlike in appearance to the adobe 
 houses of New Mexico and Arizona. 
 
1 72 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 On December 3d, Colonel William B. Barton was mus 
 tered out upon his own application, after three and a half 
 years service, and retired to civil life with a military record 
 of which any soldier might be proud. 
 
 He had succeeded to the Colonelcy of the regiment at the 
 death of Colonel Perry in the summer of 1862, but during 
 most of the time had been in command of a brigade which 
 he led on many a fiery field, and had never been known to 
 falter. No man ever accused him of lack of courage or mili 
 tary discretion. He was dreadfully wounded at the assault 
 on Fort Wagner, and seriously at Cold Harbor. Although he 
 did not gain the highest rank, he filled the important positions 
 to which he was appointed with credit to himself and honor 
 to his command, and in recognition of his gallant and meri 
 torious services received the brevet rank of brigadier-general. 
 
 Colonel Barton commanded successively the district of 
 Fort Pulaski, the district and post of Hilton Head ; was 
 second in command in the expedition to -Florida in the 
 spring of 1864; and commanded the second brigade, second 
 division of the Tenth Corps, continuously from its formation 
 until he left the service, except during the time he was ab 
 sent on account of wounds. 
 
 He was the son of a Presbyterian minister, and a gra 
 duate of Princeton College. He had been a militiaman 
 before the war, and was an adept in the tactics. Although 
 very young when. he entered the service, he was a man of 
 fine presence, of dignified bearing, and quick and active mind. 
 He was also the " best dressed " man in his regiment. Some 
 how he was always able to keep his clothes unsoiled when 
 the rest of us found ourselves covered with dirt and mud. 
 
 I regret to have been unable to procure a more detailed 
 account of the life and services of General Barton, who is 
 now (1885) a resident of the city of New York. His long- 
 continued command of the Forty-eighth Regiment, and his 
 eminent services with it, will continue to make him, as long 
 as its memory lasts, its historic commander. 
 
 On December 2, 1864, the Army of the James was re- 
 
WILLIAM B. BARTON, 
 
 Brevet Brig.-Gi iil. C. .9. / <;/?. 
 SECOND COLONKL 48th, N. V. S. VOLS. 
 
CHAPTER IX. 
 Fort Fisher to the End Jan. I to Sept. 12, 1865. 
 
 First Expedition against Fort Fisher Failure Back to Chapin s Farm- 
 General Butler Removed from his Command General Ord Succeeds 
 him^The Second Expedition Jan. I3th, on Land Jan. I5th, the Assault 
 Pennypacker s Brigade Colonel Coan Wounded The Victory The 
 Race with the Colors The Roll-call in Fort Fisher Death of Captain 
 Dunn Tribute of Admiral Porter Letter of Secretary Stanton The 
 Advance Towards Wilmington Capture of Fort Anderson The End Ap 
 proaching General Schofield The Twenty-third Army Corps Feb. 2ist, 
 Battle of Wilmington Major Elfwing Wounded Rescue of Union Pris 
 oners Their Sufferings March 15th, leave Wilmington for Goldsboro 
 Sherman s Army Richmond Taken Appomattox April loth, Raleigh 
 Death of President Lincoln Surrender of Johnston The End Sept. 
 3d, Home Sept. i2th, Mustered Out The Career of the Regiment 
 Chaplain Taylor Chaplain Strickland Surgeon Mulford Colonel Wm. 
 B. Coan. 
 
 "PHE year 1865 opened gloomily for the cause of the 
 Confederacy and hopefully for that of the Union. It 
 was evident that the South was well-nigh exhausted, and 
 that the war was drawing to its close. The first month of the 
 year was signalized by the assault and capture of Fort Fisher, 
 a strong fortification which defended the entrance, by the 
 Cape Fear River, to the port of Wilmington, N. C. Its 
 fall was an event of the greatest importance, because there 
 had been much difficulty in stopping the blockade-running 
 into that port, and when Fort Fisher fell, the Confederacy 
 was finally shut up within itself, and the last doorway 
 through which it had held communication with the world 
 was closed. The blockade-trade of Wilmington was much 
 greater than was supposed, and it appears to have con 
 tinued with but little interruption until the capture of 
 
FORT FISHER TO THE END. 
 
 Fort Fisher and within three months of the end of the re 
 bellion. 
 
 The Forty-eighth Regiment was destined to play a con 
 spicuous part in this final campaign of the war. They left 
 their camp at Chapin s Farm, on the evening of December 
 7, 1864; marched to Jones Landing, near City Point; spent 
 a night in a snow-storm, camping in the woods; and next 
 morning, 8th inst., embarked on the steamer Per it to partici 
 pate in General Butler s expedition against Fort Fisher. Off 
 Fortress Monroe they found a fleet of transports loaded 
 with troops at anchor, and the scene recalled that other 
 fleet that had sailed from that same harbor, under Dupont, 
 more than three years before. Admiral Porter commanded 
 the naval forces of the expedition, and on December 1 3th 
 they sailed out to sea. They went into Beaufort, N. C., 
 
 LAND AND SEA FRONT OF FORT FISHER. 
 
 for supplies of water and coal, sailing thence up the Cape 
 Fear River, and on Christmas Day they landed in front of 
 Fort Fisher. 
 
 Fort Fisher is described as an earthwork of an irregular 
 quadrilateral trace ; the exterior sides averaged about two 
 hundred and fifty yards.; its northeastern salient, which was 
 nearest the sea, approached high-water mark to within about 
 one hundred yards ; across the beach to the water was a 
 strong stockade or wooden palisade. The land face of the 
 fort occupied the whole width of the cape, known as Federal 
 Point; and as it was exposed to enfilading fire from the 
 ocean, it was heavily traversed, and the twenty guns that 
 commanded that strip of land were well guarded. The tops 
 of the traverses were fully six feet above the general line of 
 the interior crests, and afforded bomb-proof shelters for the 
 garrison. Looking at them from a distance, they appeared 
 
i; 6 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 like a series of mounds. The slopes of the parapet were 
 well secured by marsh sods. All along the line front of the 
 fort, across to the Cape Fear River, was a stockade. Num 
 bers of torpedoes had been planted in the sand in front of 
 the fort, and the wrecks of unfortunate blockade-runners were 
 scattered along the beach. 
 
 It was to take this formidable fortification by assault that 
 General Butler had come with 6500 troops, consisting of 
 Ames division of the Twenty-fourth Corps and Paine s of 
 the Twenty-fifth Negro Corps, in co operation with the fleet 
 under Admiral Porter. General Weitzel had immediate 
 command of the troops. The bombardment by the naval 
 forces followed. Weitzel pushed forward his skirmishers to 
 within a few yards of the fort, where some of them were 
 wounded by shells from the fleet. One man reached the 
 ditch and captured a rebel flag which had been shot down 
 from their parapets. Ames troops also captured about two 
 hundred rebels, with ten commissioned officers. After in 
 terviewing them, finding that heavy reinforcements had been 
 thrown into Fort Fisher, and that there were probably more 
 men within its garrison than he could bring against it, But 
 ler concurred in the opinion of Weitzel, that a successful 
 assault could not at that time be made. The forces were 
 ordered to withdraw and re-embark. When the guns of the 
 navy ceased firing those of Fort Fisher opened upon the re 
 tiring troops. The position of our men was perilous. It 
 was thirty hours before they finally reached their ships again. 
 The expedition was a failure. 
 
 Great blame, and indeed much ridicule, has been heaped 
 upon General Butler for not assaulting Fort Fisher that day. 
 The subsequently successful assault under General Terry 
 has emphasized the apparently bad generalship of Butler; 
 but time rights many wrongs : it is now generally conceded 
 by military writers that Fort Fisher was so heavily garri 
 soned that it could not have been assaulted with any chance 
 of success at that time. From the statement of the rebel 
 General Whiting on his death-bed, it is now believed that 
 
FORT FISHER TO THE END. 1/7 
 
 there were on that day 900 effective men behind those 
 sand walls, and 7000 within forty-eight hours march. There 
 was also some lack of co-operation between the naval and 
 the land forces, and mutual misunderstandings made mat 
 ters worse. However, the expedition failed, and the troops 
 returned to Bermuda Hundred, the Forty-eighth reaching 
 its old camp at Chapin s Farm on the night of the last 
 day of the year (1864), and stretching their shelter-tents 
 over the old frameworks of their little huts, spent the night 
 within them in comfort, though the snow was falling with 
 out. 
 
 The failure of that expedition against Fort Fisher cost 
 our army commander, General Butler, his position ; he was 
 relieved from his command on January 7, 1865. General 
 Ord succeeded him in commanding the Department, and 
 General Gibbon in command of the Twenty-fourth Corps. 
 Butler felt his disgrace keenly, and believed also that he had 
 not deserved it. Perhaps he was not a great soldier. Never 
 theless his failure to assault Fort Fisher, as subsequent events 
 have demonstrated, is not now pronounced a mistake. He 
 issued a farewell address to the " Soldiers of the Army of 
 the James," in which he attributed his removal to his care 
 for the lives of his men, and declared that "having wit 
 nessed your ready devotion of your blood to your country s 
 cause, I have been chary of the precious charge confided to 
 me. The wasted blood of my men does not stain my gar 
 ments." 
 
 But General Grant was not to be baffled by one failure ; 
 he determined to try again. He selected for the commander 
 Major-General A. H. Terry. The same troops composed 
 the expedition, with the addition of Abbott s brigade of the 
 First Division of the Twenty-fourth Corps. On January 3, 
 1865, the Forty-eighth left its quarters at Chapin s Farm 
 once more, and embarking this time on the steamer Tona- 
 wanda, in company with the Forty-seventh New York, 
 Ninety-seventh Pennsylvania, and four companies of the 
 Two Hundred and Third Pennsylvania, steamed again, and 
 
 12 
 
17 8 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 for the last time, down the James River to Fortress Mon 
 roe. On the 8th they reached Hatteras Inlet ; on the Qth 
 were with the fleet off Beaufort, N. C. ; on the I2th in Cape 
 Fear River once more ; and on the I3th effected a landing 
 in small boats, formed upon the beach, and fell to work 
 throwing up intrenchments. 
 
 At three o clock in the afternoon of January 13, 1865, 
 nearly 8000 men, with suitable rations, ammunition, and in 
 trenching tools, had been safely transferred to the shore ; 
 pickets were at once thrown out, the ground to the front re- 
 
 
 MOUND BATTERY AT FORT FISHER. . 
 
 connoitred, a line finally established about two miles from 
 the fort, and by eight o clock on the morning of the I4th, a 
 good breastwork, reaching from the river to the sea, and 
 partly covered by abatis, had been constructed, and the 
 army was safe behind it. Terry had succeeded in securing 
 his foothold upon the peninsula. The next day the artillery 
 was landed, and that night the guns were put into position, 
 the naval vessels keeping up a constant fire upon the fort. 
 The following day, Sunday, January I5th, was selected for 
 the grand assault. That day witnessed one of the most 
 magnificent spectacles of the war. That it should have been 
 the fate of the Forty-eighth Regiment New York State Vol 
 unteers to have participated in the two great assaults against 
 
FORT FISHER TO THE END. 179 
 
 the two greatest sand-forts of history Wagner and Fisher 
 is a noteworthy coincidence. 
 
 Arrangements were made for a cooperative attack by the 
 land and naval forces upon that Sabbath-day. All the night 
 before the monitors pounded the fort, giving the garrison no 
 rest, and no opportunity to repair the damages made by the 
 guns. At eight o clock in the morning all the ships of the 
 fleet, excepting one division (which was left to defend, if 
 necessary, Terry s line across the peninsula), moved up to 
 the attack, and a concentrated fire, accurate and terrible, 
 from the whole fleet was opened upon the doomed fort. 
 From the ships, also, 1400 marines and 600 sailors, armed 
 with carbines, cutlasses, and revolvers, landed to aid in the 
 work of assault. They dug little trenches in the sand, under 
 cover of the fire of their ships, and reached a point within 
 two hundred yards of the sea-front of the fort, where they 
 waited the order for attack. 
 
 And now, to obtain a clear idea of this magnificent and 
 successful assault, the reader must bear in mind the forma 
 tion of the troops. General Adelbert Ames division was 
 selected for the work: it consisted of three brigades, com 
 manded. respectively by Curtis, Pennypacker, and Bell. The 
 Forty-eighth belonged to the Second (Pennypacker s) Bri 
 gade. By noting the part taken by Pennypacker s brigade 
 in the following description, the work of the Forty-eighth 
 New York on that day can be determined. . The First Bri 
 gade (Curtis s) was already in position at the front, within 
 three hundred yards of the fort. Pennypacker s brigade 
 formed about one hundred yards in their rear, Bell s a like 
 distance behind us. The formation was made under some 
 fire from the fort, during which Colonel William B. Coan 
 was wounded, and the command of the regiment devolved 
 upon Major Elfwing. At first, a hundred sharp-shooters 
 were thrown to the front. They ran forward to within one 
 hundred and seventy-five yards of the work, dug themselves 
 little rifle-pits for shelter, and commenced firing at the para 
 pets. Instantly those parapets were alive with men, and the 
 
i8o 
 
 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 fort opened upon us a heavy fire of infantry and artillery. 
 Then Curtis s brigade was moved to the front ; Pennypack- 
 er s took its place, and Bell s also advanced. Curtis s brigade 
 found shelter on the reverse slope of a crest, about sixty 
 yards in rear of the sharp-shooters, and again moved forward 
 to that point, the regiment digging shallow trenches to cover 
 themselves wherever they halted. Pennypacker followed 
 Curtis, and Bell was brought up to the outwork. At 3.25 
 P.M. everything was in readiness for the assault. 
 
 A concerted signal was made to Admiral Porter to change 
 the direction of the fire of the fleet. Terry ordered Ames 
 to move forward to the attack. Instantly Curtis s brigade 
 sprang from their trenches and dashed forward in line ; its 
 
 INTERIOR OF FORT FISHER. 
 
 left was exposed to a heavy enfilading fire, and it obliqued 
 to the right in order to envelop the left of the land-front. 
 The ground over which it moved was difficult and marshy, 
 but it soon reached the palisades, passed through them, and 
 effected a lodgment on the parapet. Then Pennypacker 
 was ordered forward to their support. The Second Brigade 
 advanced with all the dash and valor for which they now 
 had become famous, but not merely in support of Curtis, for 
 they overlapped him to the right, and meeting the enemy 
 at the heavy palisading which extended from the west end 
 of the land-face to the river, drove him from it, capturing 
 400 prisoners, then pushed forward to the left, and the two 
 brigades now equally advanced against the fort, rushed for 
 ward together with a spring and a dash, and drove the ene- 
 
FORT FISHER TO THE END. l8l 
 
 my from about one quarter of the land-face of the work. 
 Then Ames brought up Bell s brigade, moving it between 
 the fort and the river. 
 
 And now a terrible struggle ensued ; hand-to-hand fight 
 ing of the most desperate character between the garrison 
 of the fort and the brigades of Curtis and Pennypacker was 
 witnessed that day on the parapets of Fort Fisher, while the 
 fleet kept up its fire farther to the south, to prevent reinforce 
 ments reaching the fort from Mound Battery. The rebels 
 used the traverses of the land-front for breastworks, and 
 over the tops of these the contestants fired into each other s 
 faces. The struggle was desperate, but step by step the 
 Confederates were driven back until by six o clock tfyey had 
 been forced from nine of their traverses. By nine o clock 
 at night two more traverses were carried, and the combat 
 practically ceased. After as magnificent a charge lasting 
 for hours as the war witnessed, Fort Fisher had been taken 
 at the point of the bayonet. The trophies of the victory 
 were 169 pieces of artillery, 2000 stand of small-arms, quan 
 tities of ammunition and commissary stores, 112 commis 
 sioned officers, and 1971 enlisted men as prisoners. 
 
 The glory must be shared equally by Curtis and Penny- 
 packer s brigades. General Curtis was wounded, rifle in 
 hand, while fighting in the front rank ; Colonel Pennypacker 
 also, while carrying the standard of one of his regiments, 
 the first man in a, charge, over one of the traverses. Colonel 
 Bell was mortally wounded near the palisades. Thus all three 
 commanders of the brave brigades that did the fighting fell. 
 Pennypacker s brigade consisted that day of the following 
 regiments : Forty-seventh and Forty-eighth New York, and 
 the Seventh-sixth, Ninety-seventh, and Two Hundred and 
 Third Pennsylvania. They were the second in the advance, 
 but followed rapidly and closely after the leading brigade 
 in every movement, and at the moment of reaching the fort 
 their lines merged with and extended beyond the flank of 
 the First Brigade, and entered the fort simultaneously with 
 them. 
 
1 82 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 There was one incident of striking valor witnessed that 
 day on the sands in front of Fort Fisher that should be 
 mentioned. The color-sergeant of the Forty-eighth .was 
 Thomas Van Tassel. As the brigade rushed forward on the 
 grand assault the color-sergeants of the Forty-eighth New 
 York and the Seventy-sixth Pennsylvania ran ahead in the 
 advance. The flag of the Seventy-sixth Pennsylvania was a 
 beautiful new one, but that of the Forty-eighth New York 
 could hardly be called a flag ; there was little left of it but 
 the staff and a few ribbons, for it had been borne before on 
 many a fiery field. There was a peculiar contrast, there 
 fore, between the colors of the two regiments, whose color- 
 sergeants were running side by side towards the banks of 
 Fort Fisher, and they planted their banners almost simul 
 taneously upon the captured parapets. It was a struggle as 
 to which would get there first, and it incited the men to a 
 wild enthusiasm to follow their flags to victory. From 
 mound, to mound they fought through the whole afternoon 
 till the darkness of the night. 
 
 After the capture of the fort a fire was built to aid the 
 sailors on the ships in directing their fire. About ten o clock 
 orders were received for a further advance. The famous 
 old regiment the Sixth Connecticut which had been with 
 us in the hottest fire at Wagner, but which had not up to 
 this point been engaged in the fight at Fort Fisher, was now 
 sent for and put in advance. The rest followed them, but 
 with much irregularity, as the fighting of the day had some 
 what broken the formation of the regiments ; every regi 
 ment, however, clustered about its own flag, and in the 
 darkness of the night went forward. They entered the fort, 
 crossed it, but met no opposition. The Sixth Connecticut 
 then made an advance toward Fort Buchanan, and there 
 they found the enemy, making prisoners of them all. 
 
 Meanwhile the Forty-eighth had built a fire and cooked 
 some coffee in a small kettle they had found in the fort. 
 But let no one suppose that the regiment at this time was a 
 long line of one thousand men, as it once had been. So 
 
FORT FISHER TO THE END. 183 
 
 had its ranks been thinned by the casualties of four years 
 of fighting and many deadly battles, that when the roll was 
 called there in the darkness within Fort Fisher, only eight 
 officers and seventeen enlisted men answered to their names. 
 The noble regiment had melted away to that. 
 
 Later in the night the Second Brigade was sent to the 
 rear to guard the prisoners who had been captured upon 
 the beach. They remained there till the prisoners were 
 transferred to the ships and sent to the North. The Forty- 
 eighth Regiment went into the fight at Fort Fisher few in 
 numbers, but they were in the very front, and in the thickest 
 of the fray ; and there is creditable record that a little handful 
 of them, with a few others of their brigade, were further in 
 the advance than any other of the Union soldiers on that 
 day. They had a peculiarly desperate fight about one of 
 the sand-mounds, the contingencies of which brought them 
 so far to the front. They made a gallant dash at one of the 
 parapets of the fort, but were beaten back by overwhelm 
 ing numbers, some going into the fort and others down the 
 land-face over into the moat. By standing sheltered in the 
 ditch, and keeping up a fire on the parapets just above 
 them, they compelled the evacuation of two of the mounds, 
 protected the men bringing up ammunition from the rear, 
 and finally advancing on their own account, took possession 
 of a rebel battery they found unoccupied on the very top of 
 the fort. 
 
 Individual instances of valor on that day were many, and 
 the loss of the regiment at Fort Fisher was more than one 
 fourth of its officers and more than one third of its enlisted 
 men. Yet so few were they in number that the loss was 
 only three officers and eleven enlisted men. Captain James 
 H. Dunn was killed. Some of the Forty-eighth also were 
 lost at the explosion of the magazine of the fort the next 
 morning. 
 
 I cannot forbear quoting the noble tribute to the valor of 
 the troops by Admiral Porter in his report to the Secretary 
 of the Navy. He says : 
 
1 84 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 " It will not be amiss for me to remark here, that I never saw any 
 thing like the fearless gallantry and endurance displayed by our troops. 
 They fought like lions, and knew no such word as fail. They finally 
 fought and chased the rebels from traverse to traverse, until they 
 reached Battery Lamb at the mound, a face of the work extending 
 about one thousand four hundred yards in length. At this point the 
 rebels broke, and fled to the end of Federal Point. Our troops fol 
 lowed them up, and they surrendered at discretion. I have visited 
 Fort Fisher and its adjacent work, and found their strength greatly 
 beyond what I had conceived. An engineer might be excusable in 
 saying that they could not be captured except by regular siege. I 
 wonder even now how it was done. The works are tremendous. I 
 was in the Malakoff Tower a few days after its surrender to the French 
 and British. The combined armies of those two nations were many 
 months capturing that stronghold, and it will not compare either in 
 size or strength to Fort Fisher, and yet the latter was captured by a 
 handful of men under fire of the guns of the fort, and in seven hours 
 after the attack commenced in earnest. The world never saw such 
 fighting as our soldiers did." 
 
 That gallant tribute by a brave sailor to brave soldiers 
 was as handsome as it was deserved. 
 
 The capture of Fort Fisher thrilled the whole country as 
 did the victories of Gettysburg and Vicksburg. It won a 
 great fame for General Terry and the troops that fought un 
 der him. At last the Forty-eighth Regiment had partici 
 pated in a great battle which was not a reverse or a doubt 
 ful victory, but a decided and overwhelming triumph. Con 
 gratulatory addresses came from everywhere. The Secre 
 tary of War, Mr. Edwin M. Stanton, wrote a letter concern 
 ing it to President Lincoln, highly complimentary to " the 
 column of 3000 troops of the old Tenth Corps." Beaure- 
 gard a few days before had pronounced the fortification 
 impregnable. It was another Fort Wagner, though not 
 nearly so fatal a spot nor so desperately defended. 
 
 Our old enemy at Olustee, General A. H. Colquitt, was 
 an hour too late at Fort Fisher to meet us again, but he 
 came very near being captured by us there that night. He 
 ventured to make a little reconnoissance in a row-boat to see 
 how matters stood ; he escaped "by the skin of his teeth." 
 
FORT FISHER TO THE END. 185 
 
 The Confederate General Whiting, writing from the hospi 
 tal at Goat Island on March 2d, paid this tribute to the fire 
 of the Federal fleet : 
 
 " It was beyond description ; no language can describe that terrific 
 bombardment: 143 shots a minute for twenty-four hours! My tra 
 verses stood it nobly, but by the direct fire the enemy were able to 
 bring upon the land-front they succeeded in knocking down my guns 
 there." 
 
 If Fort Fisher had been garrisoned and defended as Bat 
 tery Wagner was, the Union columns would have rushed 
 upon its flaming parapets in vain ; but the long years of the 
 war had broken the spirit of the Confederate soldiers, and 
 they were destined never to display their former valor again. 
 The National loss in the attack was only 68 1 men, of whom 
 88 were killed, 501 wounded, and 92 missing. At the acci 
 dental explosion of the magazine within the fort next morn 
 ing 200 were killed, and 100 more wounded. The losses 
 of the fleet were about three hundred men ; it had expended 
 50,000 shells in the bombardment. The fort was so slightly 
 damaged by the pounding it had received, that it could 
 easily have been repaired ; but our forces had no use for it. 
 
 The minor fortifications upon the Cape Fear River were 
 at once evacuated by the enemy ; the port of Wilmington 
 was now firmly closed to blockade-runners, and the town 
 itself was soon destined to be occupied by our troops. 
 General Terry posted his men behind an intrenched line 
 across the peninsula, some two or three miles above Fort 
 Fisher, as it was not deemed prudent for such a small army 
 to attempt a further advance. Fort Anderson was still oc 
 cupied by the enemy at a point on the river about half-way 
 between Fort Fisher and Wilmington, and they had also 
 thrown up a line of intrenchments in Terry s front. The 
 fort was an extensive earthwork, that mounted a large num 
 ber of guns and commanded the approach both by land 
 and water ; even its capture was not deemed practicable by 
 General Terry with his present force. 
 
1 86 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. 5. VOLS. 
 
 But the final campaign of the war was now at hand. The 
 magnificent devices of General Grant by which he hemmed 
 in the Confederacy on every side, were drawing to their cul 
 mination. Sherman had made his march successfully to the 
 sea; Thomas had overwhelmed the rebel army at the battle 
 of Nashville ; Lee s hold on his vast trenches in front of 
 Petersburg was shaken ; the entire Confederacy was on the 
 eve of collapse. Grant determined to open a way through 
 North Carolina to Goldsboro in readiness for Sherman s 
 march northward to that point. With that object in view, 
 he ordered General Schofield, with the Twenty-third Army 
 Corps, from Tennessee to the coast of North Carolina ; and 
 that noble corps from the Army of the Ohio, which had done 
 famous service in the great battles of the West, was trans 
 ferred by steamers down the Tennessee and up the Ohio to 
 Cincinnati, with all its horses and artillery, leaving only the 
 wagons behind it, and thence by railroad to Washington and 
 Alexandria. They reached the coast of North Carolina in 
 the early part of February, one division (Cox s) landing near 
 Fort Fisher, and others at New Berne. Soon Terry s army 
 of 8000 had become 20,000 men. 
 
 The Department of North Carolina was created, and Major- 
 General J. M. Schofield assigned to its command. The 
 Forty-eighth Regiment, with the brigades of Ames division 
 of the old Tenth Corps, was now merged into this new. army. 
 They had served in the Department of the South, in the 
 Army of the James, in the Army of the Potomac, and now 
 were merged into the Army of the Ohio in the Department of 
 North Carolina ; and they were yet destined, in the final days 
 of the war, to be united with Sherman s great army, that 
 had tramped its way from Atlanta to the sea, and from the 
 sea northward straight through the Confederacy, to that 
 point in North Carolina where the rebellion finally and for 
 ever came to its end. 
 
 On February 7th the Forty-eighth Regiment received a 
 reinforcement of two hundred and ten men under the com 
 mand of Major Barrett, from their old camp at Chapin s Farm. 
 
FORT FISHER TO THE END. l8/ 
 
 Then began the march into the interior of North Carolina, 
 which was destined to be the last of their many campaigns. 
 General Schofield commanded the army, General Terry the 
 corps. On February 1 5th Coxe s division of the Twenty-third 
 Corps and Ames of the Tenth Corps crossed over to Smith- 
 field, and advancing along the main road to Wilmington, 
 skirmished with the rebel pickets in advance lines until they 
 met their main body at the works adjacent to Fort Ander 
 son. Coxe s division intrenched itself to occupy the enemy, 
 and Ames division moved around the swamps which covered 
 their right, a distance of about fifteen miles, in order to 
 strike the Wilmington road in the rear and to the north of 
 the fort. Once more the Forty-eighth participated in an 
 important movement, although the enemy did not give them 
 battle ; for finding himself in danger of being flanked, he 
 hastily abandoned his works on the night of February iQth,. 
 and Fort Anderson, with its adjacent defences, fell into our 
 hands. The army continued to move forward without any 
 particular opposition until they reached the outskirts of 
 Wilmington on February 2ist. 
 
 Here occurred a battle which is not so memorable as an 
 engagement, but which was a formidable affair to the Forty- 
 eighth. In approaching the city, our brigade received orders 
 to march to the left through a narrow road along which only 
 four men could walk abreast ; and, suddenly, when the pres 
 ence of an enemy was unsuspected, every bush and stump in 
 front of us seemed to be alive with men, who opened a terri 
 ble fire at short range immediately upon us. Instantly the 
 left wing of the regiment was deployed as skirmishers, the 
 right wing supporting them, and a sharp battle ensued. It 
 was a constant series of little flank movements : the men 
 would run ahead and with wonderful ingenuity throw up a 
 few handfuls of dirt in front of them, lying down behind it,, 
 firing at the retreating enemy, then advance again and repeat 
 the movement, then they would try flanking them ; and the 
 little battle continued for hours. Bullets fell thick and fast 
 among us ; and not until midnight, when the place was evacu- 
 
188 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N, Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 ated by our division, did we march back inside of the intrench- 
 ments, stack arms, and go to sleep on the ground. The 
 Forty-eighth Regiment was nearly, if not entirely, the only one 
 hotly engaged in that little fight ; its losses were one officer 
 and fifteen men. And Major Barrett assures the writer that 
 he was never more proud of the regiment in all its history 
 than that day in front of Wilmington. 
 
 It was there that Major Elfwing was struck by a minie- 
 .ball in the cap of his knee, requiring the amputation of his 
 
 PICKETS. 
 
 leg. When the surgeon told him that his leg must be cut 
 off, the brave fellow replied, " Well, one pair of boots will 
 last me now as long as two pair will you." 
 
 The next day, February 22d, Wilmington was occupied, 
 and the flag of the Republic floated in the breeze above it. 
 Learning that the rebel general, Johnston, was in full retreat, 
 but that his march was impeded by a large number of Union 
 prisoners whom he had with him, our forces started on a 
 fierce march in pursuit. Skirmishing with the rear of his 
 columns was continuous, until at night our armies reached 
 
FORT FISHER TO THE END. 
 
 a little river which Johnson had just crossed and burned 
 the bridge behind him. He sent a flag of truce, offering to 
 surrender the prisoners in his possession. We received them 
 gladly into our lines, and their joy was great at seeing the 
 old flag again. There were 10,000 of them, among whom 
 were some who had been captured from our own regiment 
 at Olustee and Cold Harbor, and all of them were naked and 
 well-nigh starved to death. Major Barrett says they " look 
 ed like living skeletons." The men gladly shared with them 
 their rations, and the childish glee of the poor, emaciated 
 fellows, who had suffered untold privations in the rebel 
 prison-pens, at finding themselves among friends again, and 
 at the prospect of seeing their homes once more, can never 
 be forgotten. 
 
 Our forces returned to Wilmington with the prisoners, and 
 went into camp in a pea-nut field. There was great sport at 
 night when the men built their fires and the pea-nuts began 
 to crack. Digging for pea-nuts became the rage, as digging 
 for " yams " had been long before at Dawfuskie. One of the 
 prisoners was a member of Company B of the Forty-eighth. 
 He had been wounded and captured at Olustee, Fla., on the 
 2Oth of February, 1864, and when he found himself, after a 
 whole year s imprisonment, in the midst of his old regiment, 
 he was so overjoyed that he burst into tears and wept like 
 a little child. 
 
 The writer has not included in this sketch of the history 
 of the regiment any record of the experiences of many of 
 its members in rebel prisons. He could do so with ease. 
 Nothing that has yet been written has adequately described 
 the sufferings that were there endured. What with freezing 
 and starvation, strong and robust men were soon reduced to 
 gaunt and famished skeletons. Idiocy followed, and after 
 that death. At the most moderate estimate, 40,000 Union 
 soldiers died in the rebel prisons, amid atrocities that will 
 remain forever untold. Names of members of the Forty- 
 eighth New York can still be found on the wooden slabs that 
 mark their graves in the prison cemeteries at Richmond and 
 
1 90 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 Andersonville, and every man of them might have lived to 
 reach his home again if he would have consented to betray 
 his country, and take the oath of allegiance to the Confed 
 erate Government ; but they chose to die rather than to turn 
 traitors. They loved their honor more than they loved their 
 lives, and they did die in silence and humility, the saddest 
 victims and the supreme heroes of the war. 
 
 On March I2th General Schofield received orders from 
 General W. T. Sherman at Fayetteville to march at once 
 for Goldsboro , and to direct General Terry to do the same. 
 Then began the last long and weary march. Starting 
 
 ARMY SIGNAL TELEGRAPH. 
 
 from Wilmington on March I5th, the regiment made 
 twenty-five miles a day, and on the 2ist caught their first 
 glimpse of Sherman s army. The end was now near at hand, 
 and the Forty-eighth Regiment was destined to be " in at 
 the finish." Rations had become scarce, and the army sub 
 sisted by foraging upon the country; coffee and tea were 
 luxuries that had well-nigh been forgotten. On March 
 29th Grant was ready for his final movement against Lee, 
 and on April 2d advanced upon his works. On April 
 3d Lee s army was in full retreat. Our forces under 
 General Weitzel entered the rebel capital, and Richmond, 
 after four years of cruel fighting, was finally taken. 
 
FORT FISHER TO THE EA T D. 191 
 
 But Grant s army did not stop to occupy the city ; the 
 major portion of it pushed on after Lee, and Sheridan suc 
 ceeded on the 9th in intercepting Lee s retreat. The sur 
 render of Lee to Grant at Appomattox followed. 
 
 During this time General Sherman was resting his army 
 at Goldsboro , N. C, but on April nth orders came from 
 Grant to move forward at once against Johnston, and the 
 only remaining organized forces of the rebellion. The news 
 that Petersburg had fallen, Richmond been taken, and Lee s 
 
 MCLEAN S HOUSE, PLACE OF LEE S SURRENDER. 
 
 army had capitulated, fired the enthusiasm of the Union 
 soldiers in those last days of the war. On April loth 
 two divisions of our corps started on their march toward 
 Raleigh, our brigade being in advance. Johnston s army 
 had destroyed the bridges in their track, which greatly 
 retarded our march ; the roads also at some points were 
 hilly, and at others passed through low swamps, where 
 the men were obliged to wade ; and at night they slept on 
 the ground, with the sky for their only covering. They 
 reached the neighborhood of Raleigh on April I4th, and 
 
1 92 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S, VOLS. 
 
 went into camp a short distance outside of the city. Sher 
 man pressed on after Johnston, and finally met him at a place 
 called Durham Station, about twenty-five miles beyond 
 Raleigh. There Johnston sent out a flag of truce, and asked 
 for terms of surrender for his army. Sherman agreed to 
 certain terms, as is well known ; but they were not approved 
 at Washington : indeed, they were highly disapproved, and 
 Grant was sent to supersede Sherman, and arrange in per 
 son for the capitulation of Johnston. 
 
 The assassination of President Lincoln on April I4th had 
 exasperated the North, and especially the now victorious 
 
 PLACE OF JOHNSTON S SURRENDER. 
 
 Union armies. General Grant reached Raleigh on the 24th 
 of April, and with a delicacy that has perhaps not been ap 
 preciated, refused to supersede Sherman in the immediate 
 command of his army, and pretended to act as a sort of ad 
 viser to him. The same terms were finally offered to John 
 ston that Grant had already made with Lee, and Johnston 
 surrendered to Sherman, who had pursued him so relent 
 lessly for more than a thousand miles. Grant s considera 
 tion for Sherman on this occasion will be remembered in 
 history as one of many magnanimous things that immortal 
 soldier did. 
 
FORT FISHER TO THE END. 193 
 
 After Johnston s surrender the Forty-eighth remained in 
 North Carolina, until it was finally sent home and dis 
 charged. At Raleigh many of our officers were detailed 
 to special duty ; for instance, Colonel Coan, who had been 
 mustered Colonel of the regiment, commanded the brigade 
 at first and subsequently the division, Quartermaster Pad 
 dock was brigade quartermaster, Adjutant Seaward was 
 mustering officer, Captain Milliard ordnance officer, and 
 Major Barrett provost-marshal. The duties were mainly 
 such as the exigencies of the situation and the condition of 
 the people in their new relations demanded. 
 
 On June loth the remnant of the One Hundred and 
 Seventeenth New York Volunteers was consolidated with 
 the Forty-eighth. 
 
 It was while the regiment was in camp at Raleigh that the 
 unpleasant incident occurred which chilled the admiration 
 of the men for their corps commander. A review was or 
 dered by General Sherman, who said he wanted to see 
 " the heroes of Fort Fisher." Our forces were ragged and 
 footsore from their long march, and they had shared their 
 clothing and rations with the prisoners they had rescued at 
 Coxe s Bridge. They had received many recruits also after 
 Fort Fisher, and there had been no opportunity to drill 
 them ; therefore the regiment did not present as soldierly an 
 appearance as it might have done ; but Major Barrett (to 
 whose account we are indebted for this incident) says, " Bad 
 as we looked, Sherman s men looked far worse, and General 
 Sherman himself seemed well satisfied, but General Terry 
 was mortified and ashamed of the men who had won his 
 laurels for him. Next day he issued a scathing order, de 
 nouncing us in unmeasured terms, and ordering that we all 
 be put to drill in the school of the soldier. Fancy if you 
 can our indignation old veterans who had fought the war 
 through to be subjected to this indignity !" 
 
 Now that the war was over, military duty at Raleigh, 
 N. C., and along the railroads was not particularly interest 
 ing, and the men were greatly anxious to get home ; but 
 13 
 
194 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 they were destined to spend the long summer in the South. 
 Finally, on Sunday, September 3d, they .took the cars to 
 City Point, then on to Baltimore by steamer, and home 
 by rail. They reached New York City on the 5th of Sep 
 tember, were sent to Hart s Island for some days, and final 
 ly, on September 12, 1865, the pay-rolls were signed for the 
 last time, and the little handful of veteran heroes that com 
 posed the last of the brave and noble regiment at its final 
 hour of life were mustered out. 
 
 And now that we have come to the end of this history, 
 and look back at the four long years through which it has 
 been traced thus imperfectly, shall we not all feel proud of 
 the noble part our dear old regiment bore ! It has made the 
 poor chronicler of its deeds love it more than ever. What 
 battles it fought, what marches it made, what sufferings it 
 endured for the Republic ! Its career has been traced for 
 you, comrades (and for your children), amid many difficul 
 ties, all the way from its organization at Fort Hamilton in 
 the summer of 1861, to Washington and Annapolis, in the 
 expedition to Port Royal, at Port Royal Ferry, on Dawfus- 
 kie, building the batteries on the mud islands on the Savan 
 nah River, in Fort Pulaski, and on Tybee ; at Coosawhatchie 
 and Bluffton, to St. Helena and Folly Islands, at the storm 
 ing of Morris Island, at the assault on Fort Wagner, at 
 Olustee ; then in the Army of the James at Chester Heights, 
 Drewry s Bluff, Cold Harbor, Petersburg mine explosion, 
 Deep Bottom, Strawberry Plains, Chapin s Farm, New Mar 
 ket Heights, Fort Gilmer, Fort Fisher, Wilmington, Raleigh, 
 and back to New York again. It went to the field in 1861 
 with 964 men ; and during the four years about 1250 recruits 
 and transfers were added to it. Its losses in battle were nine 
 hundred and forty-seven, and one hundred and twenty-seven 
 deaths from disease. Let us not claim for it honors supe 
 rior to those of many other regiments in the army ; but its 
 career lasted through the whole four years, and whatever 
 work was assigned to it, that it did faithfully. 
 
FOR 7 FISHER TO THE END. 1 95 
 
 May this chapter close with a few words concerning cer 
 tain officers of the regiment of whom too little has been 
 said? 
 
 The Forty-eighth had two chaplains and several surgeons 
 and assistant-surgeons. A note has been received from the 
 Rev. William Howell Taylor, dated St. Augustine, Fla., 
 which gives a brief account of how he came to be the second 
 chaplain of the regiment. He says: 
 
 "In 1863, being pastor of the First Presbyterian Church at Clifton, 
 S. I., I took the superior work of the Christian Commission in the De 
 partment of the South for six months, my congregation being unwilling 
 to release me, and giving me leave of absence for that period. I 
 accompanied the expedition to Florida. On returning to my congre 
 gation I received a request from the commanding officers of the 
 Forty-seventh, Forty-eighth, and One Hundred and Fifteenth New 
 York regiments and a formal invitation from the Forty-eighth to be 
 come chaplain. I finally brought the matter before my people, re 
 signed, accepted the commission, and was mustered in. I served with 
 the regiment in Virginia and on the expedition to Fort Fisher, etc. 
 Then was ordered to Point of Rocks Hospital, where I was when Rich 
 mond was evacuated, and entered the city the day it fell. Mustered 
 out in June; elected chaplain of the Army of the James, but failing 
 health compelled me to give up my church in Brooklyn and all official 
 positions, and travel. I have now been an invalid for eight years, most 
 of the time South." 
 
 From our first chaplain, the Rev. Dr. W. P. Strickland, 
 there has been received a longer account of his services. He 
 says that one day he 
 
 " was in company with Colonel Perry, who said to me, I have 
 many applications for the chaplaincy of my regiment, but I want you 
 for that post. My son being one of his captains was urged as an 
 additional reason why I should join the Forty-eighth ; and I was 
 appointed chaplain by Colonel Perry, and at once entered upon my 
 duties, preaching every Sunday to the regiment stationed at Camp 
 Wyman, and offering prayers at dress-parade. My commission bears 
 date December 14, 1861, although I entered the service earlier. Some 
 of the commissioned officers and quite a number of the men were 
 members of the church, which circumstance gave the regiment the name 
 of Perry s Saints. I visited the sick, and distributed papers and reli 
 gious books and tracts in the tents. While at Dawfuskie Island I had 
 
IQO FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 a place prepared for holding meetings in the woods. A rude pulpit 
 was made, and the regiment sat around on the grass and leaves. Those 
 who refused to attend were formed in a company and roughly exer 
 cised in the double-quick. I thought there was more sin in this than 
 in not attending meeting, though the army regulations required at 
 tendance at religious worship. Afterwards, at Fort Pulaski, as there 
 was quite a number of Roman Catholics in the regiment, who were 
 forbidden by their church to attend Protestant worship, I succeeded 
 in having them excused. I wrote to Archbishop Hughes of New 
 York, requesting him to send me a priest, promising to take him 
 into my casemate, and afford him every facility for ministering to his 
 brethren. In reply, he thanked me for this kind feeling, but could not 
 comply with my request, as the regiment was in the diocese of the 
 Bishop of Savannah. When the Catholics learned of my interest in 
 their behalf the most of them afterwards attended worship. 
 
 " A casemate was assigned me for meetings in the fort, which we 
 held every night, except Saturday, which was set apart for temperance 
 meetings. A Sunday-school was organized, with five teachers and 
 sixty scholars ; also one for the contrabands, with a hundred scholars. 
 I also organized a church, and appointed exhorters and class-leaders. 
 On Sunday, the casemate being too small, I preached on the terre- 
 plein. I also formed a class at the Martello Tower, and one for the 
 colored people at the Sky Lark House, near the dock. I never wit 
 nessed more interesting meetings than some we held in the casemate, 
 and witnessed several conversions. I also visited the hospitals daily, 
 prayed with the sick, and gave a word of exhortation. Many who say 
 that the chaplaincy is a sinecure know not of what they affirm. While 
 I was absent at home on a furlough Colonel Perry was suddenly called 
 to another world. When I returned I improved the occasion by a 
 sermon in commemoration, in which I admonished his fellow-officers 
 and men to be also ready, for in such an hour as ye think not the 
 Son of man cometh. 
 
 " General Mitchel was ordered to succeed General Hunter. When 
 I met him on the Arago, having previously known him in Cincinnati, 
 I said to him, What brought you here, General ? He replied, I came 
 here to be buried. Whether he meant this remark as figurative or 
 literal I know not, but it signally proved to be the latter. One morn 
 ing I was surprised to learn from the signal officer that General 
 Mitchel had ordered Colonel Barton to send me at once by the steamer 
 to Beaufort. Many were the surmises in regard to this order. Though 
 one or both of General Mitchel s sons had died of yellow fever, they 
 thought it strange, having so many chaplains around him, he should 
 send for me. The officers objected to my going, not only on my own 
 
FORT FISHER TO THE END. 1 97 
 
 account, but the danger of my bringing the fever to the fort. I said 
 I would obey orders if I took the fever and died ; but I had no fear, 
 as the path of duty is the only path of safety. 
 
 "On entering General Mitchel s room he beckoned me to come to 
 his side, and, taking my hand, requested me to offer prayer. He said 
 the religion which he had professed for thirty years sustained him in 
 that hour. When he became so ill that he lost the power of speech, 
 he raised his left arm and pointed with his index-finger to the skies. 
 Then letting it fall gently, he raised his right arm, and, pointing up 
 ward, closed his eyes and fell asleep. He must have had a vision be 
 yond the stars more glorious than any he had seen through his great 
 telescope at Mount Adams. I preached a funeral discourse and read 
 the burial-service at the church and grave. On my return I repeated 
 the sermon in the fort at the request of Colonel Barton. It was after 
 ward published in the Christian Advocate of New York. I remained 
 with the regiment until my wife became dangerously ill, when I re 
 signed. She died shortly after I came home. 
 
 " Thus I have given you a few incidents of my life in the service. My 
 diary, which I kept, contains incidents enough to fill a volume; but I 
 trust the above short sketch will be all that is necessary for your pur 
 pose. God bless you in your work. 
 
 "Yours truly, W. P. STRICKLAND." 
 
 Chaplain Strickland died in July, 1884, at Ocean Grove, 
 N. J. 
 
 The first surgeon of the regiment was Joseph L. Mulford, 
 M.D.; he was practising medicine at Matawan, N. J., when 
 the war broke out ; he enlisted with the Forty-eighth New 
 York, and was commissioned surgeon in October, 1861, to 
 rank from the preceding 5th of September. He was with the 
 regiment on the Port Royal expedition, and indeed through 
 out its career, until the fall of 64. Often he was assigned 
 to the staff of brigade commanders, and at one time he was 
 division surgeon. He was especially skilful in surgical 
 operations, and the most of our desperately wounded men 
 at Morris Island and at Fort Wagner came under his kindly 
 care. He was engaged in operating upon and attending 
 the wounded after the battle of Cold Harbor for four days 
 and nights without rest ; indeed, after every battle the boys 
 who had the misfortune to be wounded found relief at 
 Surgeon Mulford s hand. 
 
1 98 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 In the fall of 64 he accepted a staff position, and was 
 assigned to duty at the hospitals at the headquarters of 
 the general army corps for the winter. In the succeeding 
 May he was sent to New Berne, N. C, and placed in charge 
 of the Foster General Hospital ; thence he was sent to 
 Greensboro , N. C., receiving his final discharge August 25, 
 1865. While holding his staff position he was often in 
 charge of steamers used for conveying the wounded to 
 Hampton, Norfolk, and Washington, among others the 
 steamers Matilda, the Thomas Powell, and the George Wash 
 ington, operating day and night. 
 
 The foregoing brief record is a poor and inadequate ac 
 count of the great and invaluable service which Dr. Mulford 
 rendered to the Forty-eighth Regiment. After the war 
 he settled in New Brunswick, N. J., where he practised 
 his profession successfully until 1880, when, his health fail 
 ing, he was given a contract as acting assistant-surgeon, and 
 spent three years with the army in Texas. In the summer 
 of 1883 he returned North with restored health, and is now 
 (1885) practising his profession in New Brunswick, N. J., 
 and in New York City. 
 
 Quartermaster Irving M. Avery, to whom the regiment 
 owed so much, and whom all trusted and esteemed, stayed 
 with us his full three years. He was attentive to all of our 
 interests and unwearied in his care for us. Few regiments 
 could boast of a Quartermaster so efficient, and none of one 
 more popular. He now resides in Brooklyn, is hale and 
 happy, and he and his good wife are still our valued friends. 
 
 The writer began this history with the sketch of its first 
 Colonel, James H. Perry. How can he better close it than 
 by a brief sketch of its last commander, WILLIAM B. COAN? 
 Colonel Coan was born in Exeter, Penobscot County, Me., 
 October 19, 1830. His grandfather, Captain Elisha Coan, 
 was a Cape Cod sea-captain, who was taken prisoner and con 
 fined in England during the French spoliation. The Colo 
 nel s father, Abraham Coan, was also a native of Maine, and 
 moved to Exeter in his eighteenth year. He married Mary 
 
WILLIAM B. COAN, 
 
 THIRD COLONEL 48th, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
FORT FISHER TO THE END. 199 
 
 Abbott. The Colonel was the second son, the family consist 
 ing of six brothers and one sister. Only one brother, Captain 
 Alonzo Coan of Boulder, Col., and the sister, Mrs. James R. 
 Simpson, of Lawrence, Mass., survive. Colonel Coan went 
 from Maine to New York when a boy, and at the outbreak of 
 the war was a partner in a restaurant on Chambers Street. He 
 went to the front for thirty days with New York s famous 
 Seventh Regiment, and returning, raised Company E for the 
 Forty-eighth New York, and was commissioned its Captain. 
 He served through the war from the first to the last, being 
 one of the four original commissioned officers of the regi 
 ment who remained with it at its final discharge. He was 
 three times wounded, once in the leg, once in the ear, 
 and the third and most serious one, a scalp-wound, at Fort 
 Fisher. He received repeated mention in official orders for 
 gallantry of conduct in battle. No man ever doubted his 
 bravery. After the war Colonel Coan settled in Lawrence, 
 Mass., and engaged in the grocery business until his death, 
 on January 28, 1877. 
 
 The Colonel was married, and leaves one son, William A. 
 Coan. Colonel Coan was brave in battle, honest in his deal 
 ings, liberal-hearted, unassuming, and quick in his sensibili 
 ties. He wilfully wronged no man. His sense of honor was 
 keen, and what he believed to be the right, that he did. The 
 writer is indebted to his brother-in-law, Mr. J. R. Simpson, 
 for the foregoing data. He had, however, seen Colonel 
 Coan since the war, having called upon him at his store in 
 Lawrence two or three times. His sudden and sad death 
 was a great shock to all who loved him. His record is the 
 record of his regiment ; whoever would know in what battles 
 he participated, let them follow the fortunes of Company E 
 and the Forty-eighth New York. He was a member of 
 Post No. 39, G. A. R. of Massachusetts ; beyond that he 
 belonged to no secret organizations. The survivors of the 
 Forty-eighth Regiment will ever cherish the memory of 
 their last commander, Colonel William Bloomfield Coan. 
 
CHAPTER X. 
 
 Sketches of the Companies. 
 
 COMPANY A. 
 
 BY GEO. W. BRUSH. 
 
 Company A, Forty-eighth Regiment, N. Y. S. Vols., was 
 the first company of that regiment organized. Recruiting 
 for it began on the Qth day of July, 1861. On that day 
 Mr. B. R. Corwin of Brooklyn, who afterwards became the 
 First Lieutenant of the company, opened an office in At 
 lantic Street at his own expense. These were not the days 
 of thousand-dollar bounties, and the young men who signed 
 the roll of the organization were actuated by no other mo 
 tive than that of patriotic love of their country and a firm 
 resolve to stand by the old flag. With this end in view 
 they obtained the promise from Colonel Perry that they 
 should be the color company. Some of the first to join, 
 were originally from Huntington, Long Island, and vicinity, 
 and their old friends at home, hearing of their enlistment,, 
 came down and cast in their lot with them, until about one 
 quarter of the whole number were Huntington " boys." 
 
 Recruiting became so lively, and those already in were so> 
 active, that more than the required one hundred men were 
 obtained, and about fifty men were assigned to other 
 companies who were originally enlisted for Company A. 
 
 By the middle of August as fine a set of men as any 
 officer could wish to command answered to the reveille 
 roll-call at " Camp Wyman," near Fort Hamilton, and after 
 the fatigue of the drill during the day, and the " left," 
 "left," "left " of the drill-sergeant was over, as night came 
 on, songs and earnest prayers might be heard in some of 
 
SKETCHES OF 7^HE COMPANIES. 2OI 
 
 the tents, evincing the fact that these men, like Cromwell s, 
 were soldiers of the cross. The blood of some of the 
 best families of Brooklyn and vicinity was here, and proved 
 itself in the work which the company did in the field 
 afterward. 
 
 Louis H. Lent, a former member of the Seventh Regi 
 ment of New York, was appointed Captain of the company. 
 This position was first offered to Mr. Corwin, but he de 
 clined, with the request that Mr. Lent should take it on 
 account of his* experience in the Seventh Regiment, Mr. 
 Corwin accepting the First Lieutenancy, and Mr. A. H. 
 Ferguson the Second Lieutenancy. 
 
 The following is the roll of non-commissioned officers as 
 mustered into the service : 
 
 J. G. Hamil, First Sergeant. 
 Chas. Fox, Second Sergeant. 
 Robt. F. Mackellar, Third Sergeant. 
 William A. Corwin, Fourth Sergeant. 
 E. B. Spooner, Fifth Sergeant. 
 William H. Conklin, First Corporal. 
 George W. Brush, Second Corporal. 
 T. Jarvis Carman, Third Corporal. 
 Geo. S. D. Vredenberg, Fourth Corporal. 
 Elliott B. Dupree, Fifth Corporal. 
 George D. Hunter, Sixth Corporal. 
 William A. Powelson, Seventh Corporal. 
 James Himrod, Eighth Corporal. 
 
 The company was mustered into the service August 19, 
 1861. 
 
 The first death was that of Solomon W. Price, at Hilton 
 Head, who succumbed to a disease induced by the change of 
 climate. The next was that of Corporal DeWitt C. Dutcher, 
 who walked overboard in his sleep from the deck of the 
 steamer Winfield Scott when the regiment was on the way 
 to Dawfuskie Island, and was drowned. John Brush died at 
 Dawfuskie Island, S. C., in April, 1862. Never strong, he fell 
 
202 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 a victim to consumption, his death hastened by hardships en 
 dured while building the batteries upon Jones s Island. After 
 this there was a lull in the death-call. The company did ser 
 vice in Fort Pulaski after its capture, and upon Tybee Island. 
 Many of the boys who survive will remember the raid of 
 some twenty of the company upon Dawfuskie Island for 
 sweet potatoes and eggs, on New Year s Day, 1863, when 
 these delicacies, purchased of the " darkies," formed the 
 principal portion of the bill of fare. Rosebuds and choice 
 flowers from the adjoining garden adorned the table, while 
 tin plates and cups from Uncle Sam s crockery store filled 
 out the picture, and a set of schoolboys on a lark never en 
 joyed a day more. On our way home we got into the surf 
 on the bar, and came near being swamped, but beyond a 
 great fright and a thorough wetting none were harmed. 
 
 Others will remember the " coon-hunt" on Tybee Island, 
 and the " non-coms " coon-stew dinner afterwards relished 
 as no dinner at Delmonico s has been since; the perform 
 ances of the Jam Club, who sang and often thought of " The 
 Girl I left behind me :" these all helped to soften the sterner 
 realities of camp-life. In the latter part of June the regi 
 ment was ordered to Folly Island, S. C., to aid in the siege 
 of Charleston. Then the angel of death began to call his 
 roll again. On the morning of July roth, Captain Lent, while 
 leading his company in the first assault on Morris Island, was 
 shot and instantly killed. Andrew Foss and William H. 
 Ferguson were also killed. On the 1 8th came the fearful 
 and bloody assault upon Fort Wagner; and here Lieutenant 
 Fox, who had assumed command on the death of Captain 
 Lent, was mortally wounded while leading the charge. 
 Jesse G. Smith, T. J. Carman, and many others fell in this 
 charge or were taken prisoners. On Sunday morning, July 
 iQth, the day after the battle, only seventeen men (some of 
 these men being wounded), in command of Sergeant Robert 
 F. Mackellar, answered reveille roll-call, the others being 
 either killed, wounded, or taken prisoners. 
 
 The company had previous to this time furnished a num- 
 
SKETCHES OF THE COMPANIES. 203 
 
 ber of commissioned officers for the new regiments formed 
 under Father Abraham s call for " three hundred thousand 
 more." Two or three had been commissioned in the colored 
 regiments organized by General Hunter, so that now the 
 company s ranks were sadly thinned. 
 
 From Morris Island we went to Florida, and a few months 
 afterward came the battle of Olustee, which added others to 
 the number of the slain. The company continued with the 
 regiment to the last, participating in all its battles. 
 
 Of the original number who went out from Camp Wyman 
 in 1861 there are now (1883) some fifteen survivors, mostly 
 settled in Brooklyn, and they look back with pride and plea 
 sure upon the record of the company, and forward to the 
 time when they shall join their comrades and answer the 
 roll-call in the last grand muster, when the Great Captain 
 shall say, " Well done." 
 
 The following is a list of the names of those promoted 
 from the company : 
 
 B. R. Corwin, Major Thirty-fourth U. S. C. T. 
 
 A. H. Ferguson, Captain Forty-eighth N. Y. V. 
 
 John G. Hamel, Captain Thirty-fourth U. S. C. T. 
 
 Charles Fox, Second Lieutenant Forty-eighth N. Y. V. 
 
 Robt. F. Mackellar, First Lieutenant Forty-eighth N. Y. V. 
 
 James Himrod, First Lieutenant Forty-eighth N. Y. V. 
 
 William H. Conant, Captain One Hundred and Twenty- 
 seventh N. Y. V. 
 
 George W. Brush, Captain Thirty-fourth U. S. C. T. 
 
 D. B. Fletcher, Captain Forty-eighth N. Y. V. 
 
 Jos. M. Williams, Second Lieutenant Forty-eighth N. Y. V. 
 
 E. J. Barney, Second Lieutenant Forty-eighth N. Y. V. 
 G. K. Doughty, Second Lieutenant Forty-eighth N.Y. V. 
 William H. Conklin, Second Lieutenant Forty-eighth 
 
 N. Y. V. 
 
204 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, A T . Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 COMPANY B. 
 
 BY JAMES A. BARRETT. 
 
 Company B was mustered into the service at Camp Wy- 
 man, near Fort Hamilton, N. Y., September 5, 1861, with 
 the following officers: 
 
 Captain Edmund R. Travis of Peekskill, N. Y. 
 
 First Lieutenant Nere A. Elfwing of Sweden. 
 
 Second Lieutenant Theo. C. Vidal of New York. 
 
 Captain Travis kept a country store in Peekskill before the 
 war, and belonged to the " Jefferson Guards" of that place. 
 He recruited about twenty men from Peekskill and vicin 
 ity, and as many more while in Camp Wyman. When 
 the regiment left the State, Company B had only about 
 forty men, while several other companies had over one hun 
 dred. At Annapolis, Md., all the companies were equalized, 
 and Company B was filled up. Captain Travis served with 
 credit with his company until August 30, 1862, when he 
 resigned to accept a position as Major in the Sixth Regiment 
 New York Heavy Artillery. He was afterwards promoted 
 to Lieutenant-Colonel of that regiment. 
 
 First Lieutenant Nere A. Elfwing had seen service in his 
 native country, and to his energy, discipline, and thorough 
 military training the company was largely indebted for its 
 future grand record, of which every Company B man has a 
 right to be proud. Lieutenant Elfwing was skilled in the 
 sword-exercise, and spent many an hour in teaching it to 
 the officers of the regiment. He was promoted to Captain, 
 Major, and Lieutenant-Colonel. 
 
 Second Lieutenant T. C. Vidal was detailed as Signal 
 Officer, and rendered valuable service in that position, and 
 was formally transferred to the Signal Corps in June, 1864. 
 He was promoted to First Lieutenant and Captain in the 
 regiment, but declined the latter commission, preferring that 
 of First Lieutenant in the Signal Corps. 
 
SKETCHES OF THE COMPANIES. 2O5 
 
 COMPANY C. 
 
 BY HENRY ACKER. 
 
 Company C, Forty-eighth Regiment N. Y. S. Vols., was 
 organized and recruited by Captain James Farrell of Brook 
 lyn ; First Lieutenant George Macardle, Brooklyn ; Second 
 Lieutenant Townsend L. Hatfield, New York; Orderly Ser 
 geant Henry Acker, Sergeants Harman C. Schultz, Sanford 
 H. Frankenberg, John Vanderbilt, and Corporal Lorenzo 
 Bond ; and was mustered into the U. S. service at Camp 
 Wyman on the loth day of September, 1861, and participa 
 ted in every engagement of the regiment. The company 
 suffered its most severe loss at the assault on Fort Wagner, 
 July 18, 1863, in which the brave and gallant Captain 
 James Farrell and First Lieutenant Robert S. Edwards were 
 killed while heroically leading the company in that terrible 
 conflict. The Company also lost heavily at the battle of 
 Olustee. Captain Moser was killed in action at Drewry s 
 Bluff, and Lieutenant Ingraham at Cold Harbor. 
 
 Captain Joseph R. Taylor succeeded Captain Moser in 
 command of the company, and after his discharge on ac 
 count of wounds, Captain A. H. Ferguson, formerly of Com 
 pany I, and who had been recommissioned, was assigned to 
 Company C, and remained with it until it was mustered out 
 of the service. 
 
 The casualties in Company C were larger than in any 
 other company of the regiment. This fact speaks volumes 
 for the gallantry and service rendered by it. 
 
 Six enlisted men became commissioned officers, as follows : 
 
 Henry Acker, First Lieutenant Forty-eighth N. Y. V. 
 
 Harman C. Schultz, First Lieutenant Forty-eighth N.Y.V. 
 
 Henry Lang, Captain Forty-eighth N. Y. V. 
 
 Jeremiah O Brien, First Lieutenant Forty-eighth N. Y. V. 
 
 Sidney A. Groser, Second Lieutenant One Hundred and 
 Fortieth N. Y. V. 
 
 John P. Welch, Assistant Engineer U. S. Navy. 
 
206 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 COMPANY D "THE DIE-NO-MORES." 
 
 . BY WM. J. CARLTON. 
 
 This company was organized by its first commandant y 
 Captain D. C. Knowles, who, at the outbreak of the rebel 
 lion, was a teacher of languages in a seminary at Pennington r 
 N. J., and a clergyman. 
 
 Under the impulse of duty and the stirrings of patriotism 
 he early resolved to offer his services to the government 
 should there be a call for volunteers, and began at once the 
 study of military tactics, using for an imaginary company a 
 set of chessmen ; and to acquire a knowledge of the rules of 
 war and the regulations of the army. 
 
 The name and reputation of Colonel Perry attracted the 
 attention of Captain Knowles, and he received from him 
 authority to recruit a company for a regiment to be under 
 the direct orders of the general government. 
 
 By circulars and personal appeals, some of them made at 
 religious meetings, dressed in uniform, he soon had in camp 
 at Fort Hamilton the nucleus of a company. Within a 
 month the maximum number was enrolled, and several ad 
 ditional recruits were turned over to other companies. 
 
 The moral and social qualities of the men were far above 
 the average. Several came from educational institutions. 
 A majority were from the rural districts of New Jersey, and 
 for this reason Company D was known as the " Jersey Com 
 pany," as well as the " Die-no-mores." This last sobriquet 
 came from the refrain of the favorite song of some of its 
 members, and clung to it long after the company had lost 
 its reputation for piety. 
 
 From the first the company took a high rank in the regi 
 ment both for discipline and drill. Particular attention was 
 given to these qualities by Captain Knowles, heartily aided 
 by Lieutenants Paxson and Bodine. On the ground of 
 merit it ranked equal to any company, and therefore was 
 assigned to the left flank in regimental formation. 
 
SKETCHES OF THE COMPANIES. 2O/ 
 
 Company D was a typical body of American volunteers 
 in the best and truest sense in intelligence, moral and 
 physical worth. \\.s personnel compared favorably with the 
 highest. None excelled it and few equalled it among the 
 thousands of companies that followed the Union banner 
 through the four years of the war. 
 
 The descriptive list of the company shows that of the 
 eighty-seven officers and enlisted men remaining after the 
 transfer of fifteen to Company B at Annapolis, to equalize the 
 companies of the regiment, seventy-eight were American 
 born, fifty-eight being natives of New Jersey. Forty-seven 
 were farmers, twenty-three mechanics, nine teachers and 
 students, and eight were engaged in mercantile pur 
 suits. The average age was twenty-one years and eight 
 months, and the average height was five feet six and a 
 half inches. Z. Sithen and J. M. Tantum were the tallest, 
 and G. H. Richman, P. Parkin, and A. J. Palmer were the 
 shortest in stature. R. R. Croasdale was the oldest and 
 A. J. Palmer the youngest. 
 
 The record of the company shows that of the original 
 eighty-seven, twenty were killed in action or died of wounds, 
 four succumbed to disease in hospital, and two starved to 
 death in rebel prisons. Fifteen were discharged for disease 
 contracted in the service, or on account of wounds in battle. 
 Seven were transferred to the Invalid and Reserve Corps. 
 These casualties were fifty-five per centum of the whole 
 number. Several additions might be properly included of 
 those who received their discharge in hospital at the expira 
 tion of term of service, and thus increasing the percentage 
 of casualties. Fifteen were discharged at the expiration of 
 original term of enlistment, in September, 1864, and fifteen 
 served until the regiment was mustered out after exactly 
 four years of service. Twenty-eight re-enlisted and be 
 came " Veterans." Seven enlisted men became commis 
 sioned officers, and one was appointed a cadet at West 
 Point Military Academy. One was promoted to non-com 
 missioned staff. Thirty-one received wounds not fatal,, 
 
208 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 several from two to four. Seven were captured by the 
 enemy and suffered the tortures of Andersonville and Belle 
 Isle. In ten days, July 10 to 18, 1863, the company lost 
 fourteen killed and fatally wounded, and twenty-two were 
 wounded and five taken prisoners ; total, forty-one, or more 
 than three quarters of the number engaged. 
 
 Not one deserted, or failed to receive an honorable dis 
 charge. 
 
 Such are the statistics of the original company. The 
 history of the regiment is the history of the company, 
 for it was inseparably connected with it. It was never on 
 detached service. Wherever the regiment went, or even 
 a battalion of it, there Company D was to be found. At 
 the capture of Morris Island, in the assault on Fort Wagner, 
 at Olustee, in the engagements between the James and the 
 Appomattox in May, 1864; at Cold Harbor, in front of 
 Petersburg, in the battles north of the James, in the two 
 expeditions against Fort Fisher, and in the advance on 
 Wilmington, Company D never failed to leave evidences 
 of its valor in the loss of life and limb. 
 
 COMPANY E. 
 
 BY GEO. W. FAGANS. 
 
 Company E was mustered into the service at Camp Wy- 
 man, Fort Hamilton, N. Y., on the 2/.th day of August, 
 1861, its officers being (i) Wm. B. Coan, Captain, who at 
 the breaking out of the war enlisted as a private in the 
 Seventh N. Y. S. M., serving thirty days, and on his return 
 ing home began recruiting this company. (2) Frederick 
 Hurst, First Lieutenant, was a native of England and a resi 
 dent of the city of Brooklyn, and also a member of the 
 Seventh N. Y. S. M., serving thirty days as a private, and 
 on returning home became interested in recruiting Company 
 E with Captain Coan. (3) Robert S. Edwards, Second 
 Lieutenant, was a native of New York City and a resident 
 of Brooklyn, and was connected with the well-known firm 
 
SKETCHES OF THE COMPANIES. 
 
 of Richards, Haight & Co., of Barclay Street, New York 
 City. At the breaking out of the war he offered his services 
 and was accepted in this company. The company was re 
 cruited in New York City, its members being residents of 
 New York State, New York City, New Jersey, Massachu 
 setts, and Connecticut. Captain Coan recruited 29 and 
 Lieutenant Hurst recruited 60 members ; total, 89. There 
 fore Company E left Camp Wyman with 89 enlisted men 
 and its full complement of officers. The members of this 
 company, with one or two exceptions, were young men, their 
 ages ranging from eighteen to thirty-five, and they were a 
 credit to the regiment, as their record will show. At the 
 issue of orders from Washington in 1863, calling on men who 
 had served two years to re-enlist for three years more, 
 37 members of this company responded, and but 15 re 
 mained to be mustered out in 1865 with the regiment. 
 Of those who did not re-enlist, but whose term expired in 
 1864, but 26 remained to be mustered out. It had 
 3 officers killed and 6 wounded, and also 21 enlisted 
 men killed and 61 wounded, and 9 died prisoners of war in 
 rebel prisons. It had one commissioned officer promoted to 
 field-officer, and nine non-commissioned officers promoted to 
 commissioned officers. Captain William B. Coan was pro 
 moted to Major, Lieutenant-Colonel, and afterward Colonel 
 in command of the regiment. He was a good and brave 
 officer, and was wounded three times while in the service 
 with the regiment. Lieutenant Frederick Hurst was pro 
 moted to Captain of Company K. Although very young, 
 he was a brave and daring officer, and met an heroic death. 
 Second Lieutenant Robert S. Edwards was promoted to 
 First Lieutenant of Company C. He was a brave and ex 
 emplary Christian officer. In fact, Company E was always 
 well officered by good and brave men, who at all times com 
 manded the respect of its members, and the company ranked 
 A No. I in drill and discipline. 
 14 
 
210 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 / 
 
 COMPANY F. 
 
 BY JAMES A. BARRETT. 
 
 Company F was mustered into the United States service 
 at Camp Wyman, near Fort Hamilton, N. Y., August 31, 
 1861, with the following officers : 
 
 Captain James M. Green of Brooklyn. 
 
 First Lieutenant Samuel K. Wallace of New York. 
 
 Second Lieutenant Henry W. Robinson of Brooklyn. 
 
 Captain Green was born and educated in Troy, N. Y. 
 When the war broke out he enlisted as private in the Seventy- 
 first Regiment of New York for three months. On his re 
 turn to Brooklyn he at once commenced to recruit a company 
 for the Forty-eighth N. Y. V., mostly from New York and 
 Brooklyn. Lieutenant Wallace brought a few men from the 
 vicinity of Nyack and Katonah. When the regiment left for 
 Washington Company F had only about forty-five men. At 
 Annapolis, Md., the companies were equalized by trans 
 ferring men from other companies that had more than 
 the average. Captain Green set to work with tireless en 
 ergy, and inspired his men with a respect and love that 
 the survivors of Company F retain to this day. He was 
 promoted to Major and Lieutenant-Colonel, and killed in 
 action in that terrible night-assault on Fort Wagner, S. C., 
 July 18, 1863, where the gallant Forty-eighth lost two thirds 
 of its men and seven-eighths of its officers in killed and 
 wounded. Captain Green was a brave officer, respected by 
 all and beloved by his men. His memory ever lived with 
 his old company as a benediction, inspiring them to cour 
 age and loyal service. 
 
 [Mr. E. B. Newman of Company F, who is now postmas 
 ter at Katonah, N. Y., writes an appreciative note concern 
 ing four of his comrades Peck, Howard, Perkins, and On- 
 derkirk, who were railroad engineers from Schenectady. 
 The death of Onderkirk, from a dreadful wound received at 
 Wagner, and his Christian resignation, are noted. A. J. P.] 
 
SKETCHES OF 7 HE COMPANIES. 211 
 
 COMPANY G. 
 
 BY JAMES A. BARRETT. 
 
 Company G was mustered into the United States ser 
 vice at Camp Wyman, near Fort Hamilton, N. Y., Au 
 gust 26, 1 86 1. The company was organized by Captain 
 Anthony Elmendorf of Brooklyn, a young man twenty years 
 of age, whose proficiency in drill acquired in the Thirteenth 
 Regiment N. Y. M. obtained him his appointment as Cap 
 tain in the Forty-eighth, and to him was assigned the duty 
 for a time of drilling the officers of the regiment until this 
 duty was assumed by Colonel Perry himself. 
 
 The officers of Company G were : 
 
 Captain Anthony Elmendorf of Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 
 First Lieutenant Wm. H. Dunbar of Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 
 Second Lieutenant James M. Nichols of Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 
 A majority of the men were recruited from New York and 
 Brooklyn, and a number from towns up the Hudson River ; 
 about fifteen came from New Jersey, and the same number 
 from Connecticut. In June, 1863, when eight companies of 
 the regiment were sent to Morris Island, S. C., Company G 
 was left behind to garrison Fort Pulaski, Ga., and Company 
 I on Tybee Island, and thus escaped the terrible slaughter 
 of Fort Wagner, which accounts for its comparatively small 
 casualty list. But during this time Company G was not idle, 
 for Captain Elmendorf drilled his company to a high degree 
 of perfection, which qualified them to do gallant service in all 
 the remaining engagements in which the regiment par 
 ticipated. Second Lieutenant Nichols was promoted to 
 First Lieutenant and Captain, and received several brevets 
 for gallantry and good service. On Morris Island he was 
 detailed to command a battery ; he was afterwards pro 
 moted to Captain of Company E, and served with the regi 
 ment until the expiration of his term of three years, part 
 of the time in command of the regiment. 
 
212 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S VOLS. 
 
 COMPANY H. 
 
 BY JAMES A. BARRETT. 
 
 During the summer of 1861, Colonel Jas. H. Perry went 
 to witness the drill of a Home Guard Company at Montague 
 Hall, known as the Brooklyn Union Rifles, of which Dud 
 ley W. Strickland, a young lawyer living in Brooklyn, was 
 the captain and drill-master. Colonel Perry was so much 
 pleased with the superior drill of the company that he 
 offered Strickland a captaincy in his regiment, then about 
 to be formed. He accepted on condition that he could 
 name his First Lieutenant, which was granted ; and he 
 selected William L. Lockwood, also a young lawyer living 
 in Brooklyn and a life - long friend of Strickland. They 
 were both formerly members of the Young American Guards 
 Infantry and Artillery in Cincinnati, O. They both went 
 to work with much enthusiasm to recruit and organize Com 
 pany H. Captain Strickland was soon ordered to Camp Wy- 
 man, near Fort Hamilton, to organize camp and superintend 
 drill, etc. Lieutenant Lockwood, from several places on 
 Long Island and up the Hudson River, recruited about 
 thirty men. Second Lieutenant Caleb N. Patterson brought 
 as many more from the vicinity of Keyport and Freehold, 
 N. J. Only one member of the Home Guard Company en 
 listed First Sergeant Jas. A. Barrett, who went into camp 
 and assisted in drilling and recruiting for the company from 
 the many visitors who came to the camp. Great care was 
 taken in selection of recruits, and Company H soon took 
 high rank for its drill and soldierly qualities, and was 
 assigned by Colonel Perry the position of right-flank com 
 pany. Its officers were temperate, efficient, and devoted 
 to the truest interests of the company. 
 
 Every man in the company knew he had a true friend in 
 any one of his officers. A certain company pride was en- 
 
SKETCHES OF THE COMPANIES. 213 
 
 couraged and fostered, and the records of the regiment will 
 show that the guard-house scarcely ever contained a mem 
 ber of Company H. 
 
 Company H was mustered into service August 16, 1861, 
 with ninety-eight men. It always maintained a high repu 
 tation for efficiency, discipline, and drill. 
 
 Captain Strickland became Major and Lieutenant-Colonel, 
 and commanded the regiment when Colonel Barton was 
 assigned to command of the brigade. 
 
 Lieutenant Lockwood became Captain of Company F, 
 but subsequently was transferred to his old company. He 
 served s Inspector-General on the Brigade Staff. 
 
 Of the five original Sergeants, Barrett, Edwards, Lacoppi- 
 dan, and Stayley were promoted officers. 
 
 Sergeant Sparks carried the colors and was wounded 
 while gallantly planting them on the parapet of Fort 
 Wagner, and was afterwards transferred to the Veteran 
 Reserve Corps. 
 
 Corporals Halstead, Garaghan, Laxey, and Private Miller 
 also became officers ; and Private Stoney was appointed 
 Quartermaster-Sergeant. 
 
 In December, 1863, the government offered a furlough of 
 thirty days and $400 bounty to all 1861 men who would 
 re-enlist as veteran volunteers. The State of New York 
 also offered $75 additional bounty, and Kings County $300. 
 Lieutenant Barrett, then in command of Company H, sub 
 mitted the offer and announced his intention to remain and 
 see the war through. Fifty-four men promptly accepted 
 the offer and re-enlisted as veteran volunteers. The original 
 members of the company had been thinned out from time 
 to time by sickness, disability, wounds, and death, so that 
 in. the fall of 1864, when the first three years enlistment ex 
 pired, there were only seven men left who had not re- 
 enlisted to claim their discharge by expiration of service. 
 
214 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, A r . Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 COMPANY I. 
 
 BY J. RENSHAW AND PETER TWAMLEY. 
 
 The recruiting office for Company I was opened in 
 Orange Street, near Fulton, in Brooklyn, about July 19, 
 1861, by Captain Joseph G. Ward, who, with the assistance 
 of Sergeant J. Renshaw and other non-commissioned offi 
 cers, went into camp at Camp Wyman, Fort Hamilton, 
 August 2, 1861. The company was mustered into the ser 
 vice of the United States, August i6th, being the third of 
 the regiment to be sworn in. Joseph G. Ward was Cap 
 tain ; Samuel M. Swartwout, First Lieutenant ; and James 
 PL Perry, Jr., Second Lieutenant. 
 
 Company I was with the regiment, participating in all 
 its duties, until July 19, 1862, when it was detailed on 
 picket duty and sent to Tybee island from Fort Pulaski. 
 There was a battery consisting of five guns on Tybee 
 Island, four being six-pounder brass field-pieces, and one 
 rifled thirty-two-pounder. This battery commanded the 
 channel at the entrance to the Savannah River. It had 
 been the custom to relieve each company on picket 
 at Tybee Island every ten days previous to this time, 
 but while Company I was on Tybee Island it had the 
 great good - fortune to fire upon (and so injure that it 
 was subsequently captured) the English steamer Ladona, 
 which was endeavoring to run the blockade. General Hun 
 ter sent a letter of thanks to Captain A. H. Ferguson, 
 and thereafter Company I was permanently stationed on 
 Tybee Island. It was absent, therefore, from the regiment 
 during that dreadful campaign on Morris Island, as also 
 was Company G ; but both these companies rejoined the 
 regiment in the fall of that year, and served with it after 
 ward to the end. Company I suffered heavily at Olustee, 
 and did its full part in the labors of the remaining cam 
 paigns of the regiment. Four officers of the company were 
 
SKETCHES OF THE COMPANIES. 
 
 killed in battle or died of their wounds: Captain John A. 
 Fee at Petersburg, Lieutenant James M. Keenan at Olustee, 
 Major Swartwout at the explosion of the mine at Peters- 
 burg, and Lieutenant Dunn, then Captain of Company E, 
 at Fort Fisher. 
 
 The letter of thanks from General Hunter referred to 
 was as follows: 
 
 HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE SOUTH, 
 
 HILTON HEAD, PORT ROYAL, S. C., Aug. 5, 1862. 
 Col. Wm. B. Barton, $>th. N. Y. Vols. y Commanding Post, Fort Pulaski. 
 
 COLONEL: The Major-General commanding desires me to express 
 through you to Captain Ferguson, Forty-eighth Regiment New York 
 Vols., commanding the Martello Tower, Tybee Island, his thanks for 
 the vigilance, promptness, and scientific gunnery which, about 12 P.M. 
 on the night of the 4th instant, enabled him to arrest and drive back 
 the steamer Ladona laden with stores, contraband of war destined for 
 the use of the Rebels in Savannah this steamer having succeeded in 
 eluding the vigilance of the Blockading Squadron, and being under 
 full headway to Savannah when so arrested and driven out to sea 
 again after which, Captain Ferguson will be happy to hear, she was 
 seen, pursued, and captured by the U. S. Gun-boat Unadtlla, and is 
 now lying a prize in this harbor. 
 I have the honor to be, Colonel, 
 
 Very respectfully, 
 
 Your most obedient servant, 
 
 CHARLES G. HALPIN, 
 Maj. Asst. Adjt. Gen I and Chief of Staff. 
 
 Upon the resignation of Captain Ward in January, 1862, 
 Lieutenant A. H. Ferguson was promoted from Company 
 A to fill the vacancy. Lieutenant Perry resigned in Sep 
 tember of 1862. Lieutenant John A. Fee succeeded Captain 
 Ferguson, and upon the death of Captain Fee, Lieutenant 
 Hutchinson became Captain of the company. 
 
2l6 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 COMPANY K. 
 
 BY W. J. CARLTON. 
 
 This Company was organized and largely recruited by 
 Captain Samuel J. Foster, a member of the Seventh Regi 
 ment N. Y. S. M., and Second Lieutenant Albert F. Miller 
 of Brooklyn. First Lieutenant S. G. Gale of Galesville, 
 Ulster County, N. Y., joined the company with about forty 
 recruits. It was the first company in the regiment mus 
 tered into the United States service, and early became 
 proficient in drill and in discipline. Lieutenant Gale re 
 signed May 6, 1862, on account of ill health, and Lieutenant 
 Miller was promoted to fill the vacancy. Orderly Sergeant 
 Geo. L. Smith was made Second Lieutenant. January 
 26, 1863, Captain Foster resigned and First Lieutenant 
 Hurst of Company E was promoted to fill the vacancy. 
 Captain Hurst was severely wounded in the assault on 
 Fort Wagner; and falling into the hands of the enemy was 
 carried to Charleston, where he died in a few days. Lieu 
 tenant Miller became Captain, and remained with the 
 company until severely wounded at Cold Harbor. He was 
 afterwards promoted to the Majority of the regiment, but 
 was unable to return to duty on account of his wound. He 
 was also severely wounded in the assault on Fort Wagner. 
 
 Company K ranked among the best of the companies, 
 and stands fourth in number of casualties. 
 
 The following-named enlisted men received commissions: 
 
 o 
 
 Charles B. Umpleby, Captain, Forty-eighth N. Y. V. 
 Benj. Seaward, Adjutant, Forty-eighth N. Y. V. 
 Tom Dawson, First Lieutenant, Forty-eighth N. Y. V. 
 Adolphus Henkle, First Lieutenant, Third Maryland Vols. 
 George L. Smith, Second Lieutenant, Forty-eighth N. Y. V. 
 Wm. B. Hunter, Second Lieutenant, Forty-eighth N. Y. V. 
 Lewis Holmes, Second Lieutenant, Forty-eighth N.Y. V. 
 Wm. V. King, Second Lieutenant, Forty-eighth N.Y. V. 
 
SKETCHES OF THE COMPANIES. 2 1/ 
 
 THE NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF. 
 
 BY W. J. CARLTON. 
 
 The original Non-commissioned Staff was as follows : 
 
 Samuel H. Moser, Sergeant-Major; Van Rensselaer K. 
 Hilliard, Quartermaster-Sergeant ; George P. Becker, Com 
 missary-Sergeant ; Nathaniel D. Fisher, Hospital Steward ; 
 and Wm. Smith and Edward Hastings, Principal Musicians. 
 JVIoser and Hilliard became commissioned officers. Fisher 
 was discharged on account of disability, and Becker and 
 Smith were killed in battle, the former at Fort Wagner, and 
 the latter while bearing off the wounded at Cold Harbor. 
 
 Smith was quite a character. He had seen service in the 
 regular army, and his experience there was of value to him 
 in teaching the drummers and enforcing discipline among 
 them. The older members of the regiment will recall Smith 
 as Drum-Major on dress -parade, when, at the head of the 
 band, in gorgeous uniform, including the mighty shako, he 
 twirled his baton with dignity and importance. 
 
 Hastings was the principal Fifer. He also had been in 
 the regular army, and between him and Smith the drum 
 mers and filers had to walk according to " regulations." It 
 was at reveille and tattoo that Hastings was in his glory. 
 The musical notes of his fife will never be forgotten. 
 
 Sergeants Smith of K, Morton of E, Fletcher and C. B. 
 Wyckoff of F, and St. John of G were Sergeants-Major,, 
 and all became commissioned officers. 
 
 The Quartermaster-Sergeants who received commissions 
 were In graham of G, Taylor of F, Williams and Barney 
 of A. Hamilton of E served until Sept. 20, 1864. 
 
 Paddock of B and Orton of E were Commissary-Sergeants 
 and received commissions. 
 
 Newhart of K and Monel of E were Hospital Stewards. 
 
 Sneider, Stoney, Shannon, Monel, Hastings, and Ste- 
 phenson were respectively Sergeant-Major, Quartermaster- 
 Sergeant, Commissary-Sergeant, Hospital Steward, and 
 Principal Musicians when the regiment was mustered out. 
 
218 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, i\ T . Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 CHAPTER XL 
 After Twenty Years. April 21, 1881. 
 
 V 
 
 Presentation of the Battle-flags of the Forty-eighth Regiment to the 
 Long Island Historical Society The Reunion Collation The Meet 
 ing in the Hall Programme Salutation by " Private" Palmer Prayer 
 by Chaplain Strickland Sergeant Sparks and Corporal McKie Bearing 
 the Old Flags Address of Captain Knowles Address of Rev. Dr. R. S. 
 Storrs Greeting General Gillmore The Forty-eighth New York Veteran 
 Association. 
 
 April 21, 1 88 1, twenty years after the Forty-eighth 
 Regiment first took form in the brain and heart of its 
 organizers, a notable meeting of its survivors was held in 
 Brooklyn, N. Y. The most historic of the flags which the 
 noble regiment had borne in many battles were on that night 
 presented to the Long Island Historical Society of Brooklyn, 
 and intrusted to their care for permanent preservation. The 
 circumstances that convened the survivors of the regiment 
 on this memorable occasion were these : After the lament 
 ed death of Colonel William B. Coan, at Lawrence, Mass., 
 Captain D. C. Knowles (then a pastor in that city) received 
 from Colonel Coan s sister, Mrs. Simpson, a flag which was 
 found among the Colonel s effects, and he at once commu 
 nicated with Captain W. J. Carlton, at whose suggestion he 
 had recovered the flag, who called a meeting of a few of 
 the former members of the regiment, the result of which 
 was the determination to deposit the flags with the Long Isl 
 and Historical Society. Circulars were sent out everywhere 
 to all surviving members of the regiment whose addresses 
 could be obtained, and ample arrangements made for a re 
 union on the occasion. The veterans of twenty years before 
 gladly seized the opportunity to meet their old comrades 
 again, and they came together from all parts of the country, 
 
AFTER TWENTY YEARS. 2 19 
 
 1 20 in number, and spent an evening which will be long re 
 membered in recounting the deeds of the past. Many came 
 from P"ceat distances, notably Lieutenant - Colonel D. W. 
 
 o J 
 
 Strickland, from Cincinnati, Ohio. An ample collation was 
 prepared, after which the comrades, arm-in-arm, marched to 
 the new and handsome hall of the Long Island Historical So 
 ciety, on Clinton and Pierrepont streets, and occupied the 
 front seats which had been reserved for them. The remainder 
 of the hall was crowded with a brilliant audience, which in 
 cluded many of the first citizens of Brooklyn. The following 
 gentlemen were seated on the platform : The Rev. Richard 
 S. Storrs, D.D., President of the Society ; Major-General 
 Quincy A. Gillmore, formerly commander of the Tenth 
 Corps ; the Rev. Daniel C. Knowles, formerly captain of 
 Company D ; the Rev. W. P. Strickland, D.D., formerly 
 chaplain of the Forty-eighth New York ; the Rev. A. J. 
 Palmer, formerly private of Company D, and orderly to the 
 Colonel ; the Rev. Frederick O. Farley, D.D. ; the Rev. A. 
 P. Putnam, the Rev. J. O. Peck, D.D. ; David M. Stone ; 
 A. A. Low, City Works Commissioner John French, ex- 
 Mayor Samuel Booth, ex-Judge J. Greenwood, the Hon. 
 S. P. Chittenden, Alden J. Spooner, Henry E. Pierrepont, 
 ex-Mayor Hunter, and others. A fine portrait of Colonel 
 Perry was suspended from the wall at the back of the plat 
 form. The hall was suitably decorated, and the entrance of 
 the survivors of the famous regiment was greeted with pro 
 longed cheers and the greatest enthusiasm. The exercises 
 were of the most impressive character, and will never be 
 forgotten by those who were so fortunate as to be present. 
 The Rev. Dr. Richard S. Storrs presided. 
 
 A verb atim report of the addresses delivered was taken 
 down at the time by a stenographer and is appended, with 
 the exception of a brief but admirable historical sketch which 
 was read by Major B. R. Corwin, and which is not deemed 
 necessary to reproduce. 
 
 The following is a copy of the programmes which were 
 scattered through the seats : 
 
220 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 Reunion of the Forty -eighth Regiment N. Y. S. Vols., and Presentation of 
 Battle-flags, April 21, iSSi. 
 
 Grand March (entrance of the regiment). 
 
 Salutation., .by Rev. A. J. Palmer (the youngest "private" of the regiment) 
 
 Singing " My Country, tis of Thee," and "Our Father s God, to Thee."" 
 
 (Audience requested to unite.) 
 
 Prayer by Rev. W. P. Strickland, D.D., Chaplain of the regiment 
 
 Song "The Two Grenadiers" by Mr. Geo. Werrenrath 
 
 (Max Liebling, accompanist.) 
 
 Brief History of the Regiment by Major B. R. Corwin 
 
 Presentation of Battle-flags. . . .by Rev. D. C. Knowles, Captain of Co. " D" 
 
 Response by Rev. R. S. Storrs, D.D., President of L. I. H. Society 
 
 Song Star-Spangled Banner" by Mr. Geo. Werrenrath 
 
 (Audience requested to join in the chorus.) 
 
 Closing Prayer and Benediction by Rev. Frederick A. Farley, D. D. 
 
 Doxology (all uniting). 
 
 THE EXERCISES. 
 
 
 
 THE PRESIDENT Ladies and gentlemen, the first exer 
 cise of the evening will be the Salutation, by the Rev. A. J. 
 Palmer. 
 
 Mr. Palmer came forward amid loud applause. He spoke 
 as follows : 
 
 SALUTATION BY REV. A. J. PALMER. 
 
 Gentlemen of the Long Island Historical Society ; My old Com 
 rades ; Ladies and Gentlemen : 
 
 Twenty years ago this coming summer a thousand men 
 stood shoulder to shoulder yonder at Fort Hamilton, and 
 with uplifted hands and loyal hearts swore to defend this 
 Republic. They became known in the war as the Forty- 
 eighth Regiment, New York State Volunteers. They were 
 recruited and commanded by an eminent minister of this 
 city, the Rev. Dr. James H. Perry (loud applause), at that time 
 the pastor of the Pacific Street Methodist Episcopal Church 
 in Brooklyn. Three or four of the companies came from 
 Brooklyn, two came from New Jersey ; but individuals came 
 
AFTER TWENTY YEARS. 221 
 
 from everywhere, drawn hither, I suppose, largely by the de 
 sire to serve their country under the leadership of that great 
 and blessed man of God who was our first commander, and 
 whose memory is precious to us to this very hour. It is, 
 therefore, with conspicuous appropriateness that at the first 
 reunion of this regiment another clergyman, still more emi 
 nent, in this city of Brooklyn should preside, and still another 
 clergyman, who was a captain in the regiment in those days, 
 should be the chief orator. I am sure, boys, we ought to 
 have been a deal better than we were there was always such 
 an ecclesiastical air about us. Of those thousand men it was 
 my high honor to have been one, and the least one, as the 
 programmes assert, the youngest one, a little fellow away 
 down at the end of the company in the rear rank, out of 
 sight, merely a private soldier; and I remained a private 
 soldier for three years and more, and was never promoted, 
 because I presume I never deserved it. (Laughter.) We 
 all got what we deserved in those days, you know. Those 
 of you who have memories will recall that fact ; and why I, 
 w r ho was last and least of those thousand men, should have 
 been called upon to break this long silence of twenty years 
 and speak first here to-night, I do not know, unless it be 
 that the scripture may be fulfilled which saith, " The last 
 shall be first." At any rate, here I am, with a voice such 
 as it is from the bottom of those thousand men to salute 
 you, my comrades ; and so I do, heartily. In the old days 
 the gladiators used to enter the arena, and crossing to the 
 seat of the emperor, bow themselves, and say, " O Caesar ! 
 we who are about to die salute you morituri salutamus" 
 But I to-night reverse their greeting, and say to these my 
 comrades all that can be gathered of the survivors of the 
 thousand men : " You who have lived these twenty years, 
 I salute you." And yet you will pardon me, I know, and 
 bear me out if I say to this audience that we are not the 
 worthiest spirits of our noble regiment. The worthiest 
 were they who paid the full price and died for their 
 country. And to-night, as we stand here and think, of 
 
222 FORTY-EIGHl^H REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 them, they seem to throng about us. Memory grown vivid 
 quickens imagination, and in our fancy they are all here to 
 night or, rather, we are there with them again. Once 
 more the ranks are full. Once more we all answer to our 
 names when the orderly calls the roll. Once more dear 
 Colonel Perry calls, " Attention, battalion !" and we all fall in 
 line again, just as we used to do so long ago. Again we 
 sleep together in the same old tents, take ship together, 
 march shoulder to shoulder as we did of yore ; deploy and 
 wheel, and charge and fire; sit together around the camp- 
 fires singing songs and telling stories lips that have been 
 silent so long. Once more we dig intrenchments, and carry 
 logs for corduroy roads, and build mud-forts on the Savannah, 
 and garrison Pulaski, and strut upon the stage of mimic 
 theatres, and skirmish at Port Royal Ferry and Bluffton 
 and Coosawhatchie ; and at last together, in column by com 
 pany, at close order on the double-quick, in the dark and to 
 the death, we start on that fatal charge upon Fort Wag 
 ner. Sheeted about with fire, shot through with canister 
 and grape and shrapnel, in the most desperate struggle and 
 on the deadliest spot of the war ; with incapacity behind us, 
 and death before us ; amid all dangers, but without dismay 
 this brave regiment of a thousand men, upon that spot, in 
 that single immortal hour, perished from off the earth and 
 left but a shadowy remnant behind it to remind the world 
 that it had ever been. (Applause.) History has declared that 
 they were defeated, but History has spoken falsely. They 
 took the great bastion of that fort and held it for four mor 
 tal hours ; and at last, at midnight a little group of them still 
 clinging to that bank, denied reinforcement and forsaken, but 
 holding tenaciously to what they had won at such cost, with 
 out an officer to command them, with a solid mass of their 
 comrades, dead and dying, heaped about them three and 
 four feet deep, amid their cries of pain and passion, without 
 ammunition, without orders, without hope, without every 
 thing but courage at last at midnight they were surrounded 
 and overpowered, and the rebels had retaken their fort. 
 
AFTER TWENTY YEARS. 22$ 
 
 The next morning, when they were inarched through Charles 
 ton, amid the jeers of the populace, and counted in the prison, 
 it was found that twenty-eight of them belonged to the Forty- 
 eighth Regiment private soldiers to a man. (Applause.) 
 Nine months later six of them escaped from prison ; but 
 twenty-two were left behind, and they are there to-night 1 
 They died of hunger and cold and privation on Belle Island 
 and at Andersonville. When the history of this regiment is 
 fully written, it will be unjust if it only chronicles the deeds 
 of colonels and captains and men who held office by the acci 
 dent of rank in those days, and if it gives no place to these 
 nameless private soldiers who held Fort Wagner for four 
 hours, after every officer was shot or disheartened, and who 
 died in foul prisons alone, without a word of pity or a breath 
 of prayer. Pardon me for thus precipitately speaking of 
 them, but I have thought that I might be the only private 
 soldier who should have voice here to-night, or the only one 
 who was with the men in those fiery days ; and I have been 
 jealous lest they should be forgotten. The Forty-eighth 
 Regiment won other honors (as you will hear directly 
 when its history comes to be spoken) at Olustee, Drewry s 
 Bluff, Cold Harbor, Petersburg, and Fort Fisher, and in the 
 final struggles of the war. (Applause.) I am not to give its 
 history. I am only to speaka salutation ; and so I do : from 
 the humblest place in the ranks of those thousand men, I 
 salute these my comrades who are here to-night in mortal 
 flesh. And will you pardon the fancy? may I not salute 
 those other and nobler of my comrades who gave their lives 
 for the Republic, and who, I love to think, are here also to 
 night in immortal spirit? For there have been dreamers 
 who have fancied that that veil which interposes between this 
 life and the other, and which is so impenetrable and opaque 
 from* this side, may be transparent from that ; and if that is 
 true, may not our old companions be crowding about us here 
 to-night, though " unperceived amid the .throng" ? If it is a 
 fancy, will you not pardon the fancy, and permit me to salute 
 them as they pass us in the viewless air? For they pass by 
 
224 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 us in our memory like a procession empty sleeves and vacant 
 -chairs, but robed in imperishable glory and laurelled with fade 
 less renown with noiseless tread they pass. The cemeteries 
 are their camping-ground, the white stones are their tents. 
 Their camp-fires that went out in ashes are rekindled in the 
 grateful hearts of their countrymen, and the roll of their 
 victories is writ upon the skies. 
 
 "On Fame s eternal camping-ground 
 
 Their silent tents are spread ; 
 And glory guards with solemn mound 
 The bivouac of the dead." 
 
 But to us to-night they live. They are with us, and they 
 throng above us in the air. Brave old Colonel Perry, about 
 whose person we gathered twenty years ago, if in immortal 
 spirit you are here with us to-night, I, the little boy that was 
 your orderly, salute you in the air. (Applause.) Captain 
 Lent, who died, the first man, on Morris Island ; Lieutenant- 
 Colonel Green, who died right at my very side on that bank 
 at Fort Wagner; Swartwout, shot at Petersburg; McDou- 
 gall, Tantum, Richman, Duffle, Depuy, Carman, Dandy, 
 names heroic of forms that were lost in the smoke of battle 
 long ago, of men who loved not their own lives when the 
 life of their country was in peril, but who died cheerfully, 
 unhesitatingly, sublimely, to defend these flags which are to 
 be presented here to-night I salute you all, my old com 
 rades, in the air. For you know we have liberty as we have 
 salvation only by the blood of saviors ; and these humble 
 names which I have spoken are the names of real redeemers, 
 by whose self-sacrifice this nation to-night is free. (Applause.) 
 I wonder how many of you remember John Wilgus? He 
 was a private in Company D. He was taken prisoner that 
 night in the rifle-pits before Fort Wagner, and was with us 
 in the prisons at Charleston, Columbia, in Libby, and Belle 
 Island ; and at last he came to die to the prison-hospital in 
 Richmond, where I was convalescing. I remember how, 
 day after day, I used to visit his bed, and how he sank day 
 
AFTER TWENTY YEARS. 22$ 
 
 by day starved, frozen, exhausted, trying hard to hold on 
 to life ; deprived of life s necessities, fire and fuel, and food 
 and clothing and shelter ; but at last, at the end of a hard 
 winter, died only one of thousands, victims of a cruelty 
 unequalled in the records of civilized warfare. Shot if in 
 the delirium of fever they passed an imaginary line ; pur 
 sued pitilessly and mercilessly by hate and scorn, and 
 dying at last of slow starvation in the prisons Oh John 
 Wilgus, and other of my old companions that died there 
 on Belle Island and at Andersonville, if you are with us here 
 to-night, I salute you, also, in the air. 
 
 I belonged to a company that had a strange nickname. 
 Everybody called us in those days the " Die-no-mores/ 
 (Great applause.) You remember the " Die -no -mores." 
 You will pardon me for saying a word about them. You 
 see we had been, some of us, students in a seminary when 
 the war broke <5ut, and we had enlisted under our teacher 
 (your orator here to-night) ; and as we were the sons of 
 Christian people we used to sing the Christian songs we had 
 been taught at home, and one of them had this refrain : 
 
 " We re going home, 
 We re going home, 
 We re going home, 
 To die no more !" 
 
 And so in fun at our hymn-singing everybody called us 
 the " Die-no-mores." Sometimes a name that has been given 
 a man, or a group of men, or a cause, in sport or in deri 
 sion, has become immortal ; and this name was one of them. 
 For, that night of greatest glory in the history of this regi 
 ment, Captain Paxson of Company D (applause) was shot 
 on that bank at Fort Wagner, and lay there bleeding to 
 death in that gorge of dead men that were heaped about 
 him four feet deep. Amid cries of pain and hate, in that 
 last frenzy of a desperate hour, with the sound of musketry 
 in the air and cannon belching forth their fiery death from 
 Fort Sumter above us and the casemates about us, when 
 the living cheered and the dying moaned, when some cursed 
 15 
 
226 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 and some prayed, amid cries for help and cries for pity, but 
 not a cry for quarter there was one cry that rang clear over 
 all. It was the call of Captain Paxson to his men ; and it 
 grew fainter and fainter as the moments passed, and he grew 
 weak from the loss of blood. It was in these words : " Die- 
 no-mores, follow me ! follow me, Die-no-mores ! " And 
 they did follow him, brave fellows, to where, if the noblest 
 spirits are immortal, they " die no more." And to-night I 
 salute you, my brave old captain, my brave old comrades, in 
 the air. There is one other name before the memory of 
 which I will bow, and then I will take my seat. There was 
 one flag in our regiment that is not here to-night. You re 
 member that. It was lost in battle. Do you remember the 
 man who bore it and was lost with it ? His name was William 
 H. Porch. He was color-sergeant from Fort Wagner to 
 Cold Harbor. Now, do you recall that charge at Cold Har 
 bor? Everybody knew it was useless. The great soldier 
 who commanded it has since acknowledged it was a mistake. 
 But then and there 
 
 " Was there a man dismayed ? 
 Not though the soldier knew 
 Some one had blundered. 
 Theirs not to make reply, 
 Theirs not to reason why, 
 Theirs but to do and die." 
 
 And so they did. You remember now how the flag was 
 in advance that day, and how, as that bank was reached, 
 Tantum shouted to Porch to " mount it;" and Porch, 
 white to his lips, but faithful to the core of his heart Porch, 
 who bore the flag, without hesitancy and without a word 
 leaped up the bank alone, and was shot down by a score of 
 bullets, and throwing his arms around his flag, fell with it 
 among his foes. Seventeen years have passed since then ; 
 but standing here to-night I seem to see him again, the first 
 and last and only man that dared to mount that bank, and 
 the free wind blows that free flag around him for a shroud 
 as they fall together on the bayonets that pierced them 
 
AFTER TWENTY YEARS. 22J 
 
 both, standard and standard-bearer, Freedom s emblem 
 and her hero, the starry flag and Color-Sergeant " Billy" 
 Porch. (Applause.) To-night, dear old fellow, I salute 
 you also in the air. (Applause.) Now I will venture to 
 take my seat, having done, the best I could, my part on this 
 occasion. I have spoken a few names, mostly private sol 
 diers who were dear to me, lest they from being so humble 
 might be forgot. 
 
 I welcome you all to this reunion, and I pray you to make 
 of it not only a helper to memory, but also an inspiration to 
 patriotism ; for this Republic has need of heroes in the future 
 as she has had heroes in the past, and I pray you to hold up 
 your hands, my comrades, in a new oath to be forever loyal 
 to their memory and forever faithful to their cause. 
 
 " From the lily of love that incloses 
 
 In the glow of a festival kiss, 
 On the wind that is heavy with roses, 
 
 And shrill with the bugles of bliss ; 
 Let it float o er the mystical ocean, 
 
 That breaks on the kingdom of night 
 Our oath of eternal devotion 
 
 To the heroes who died for the right. 
 
 " Ah ! grander in doom-stricken glory 
 
 Than the greatest that linger behind, 
 They shall live in perpetual story, 
 
 Who saved thft last hope of mankind. 
 For their cause was the cause of the races 
 
 That languished in slavery s night, 
 And the death that was pale as their faces 
 
 Has filled the whole world with its light. 
 
 " To the clouds and the mountains we breathe it, 
 
 To the freedom of planet and star ; 
 Let the tempests of ocean inwreathe it, 
 
 Let the winds of the night bear it far 
 Our oath, that, till manhood shall perish, 
 
 And honor and virtue are sped, 
 We are true to the cause that they cherish, 
 
 And eternally true to the dead !" 
 
 Comrades, good-night ! (Loud applause.) 
 
228 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS, 
 
 THE PRESIDENT The next exercise will be the singing 
 of two stanzas of the hymn, 
 
 " My country, tis of thee, 
 Sweet land of liberty," 
 
 in which we shall be led by Mr. Henry Camp. 
 
 The audience rose, and with great spirit united in singing. 
 
 THE PRESIDENT Prayer will now be offered by Rev. W. 
 P. Strickland, D.D., chaplain of the regiment. 
 
 PRAYER BY REV. W. P. STRICKLAND, D.D. 
 
 O Thou eternal Father, the God of Abraham, and 
 Isaac, and Jacob, and our God ! though Abraham be ig 
 norant of us and Israel acknowledge us not, yet Thou art 
 our Father and our fathers God. We thank Thee for Thy 
 good Providence over us, for the merciful manifestations to 
 us of/Thy grace and goodness. O Thou who dost rule in 
 the armies of heaven and command among the inhabitants 
 of earth ! we thank Thee to-night that Thou hast been our 
 God in the midst of war and strife, when our enemies would 
 have rent from us our liberties and despoiled us of all the 
 precious blessings Thou hast vouchsafed to us. We thank 
 Thee, O God, that Thou hast been with this nation from 
 the beginning; and through all the conflicts through which 
 it has passed Thou hast been the God of our battles and 
 guided us to victory. Thou didst enable us, O Lord, who 
 are here to-night, a remnant of a host that went forth to 
 defend our liberties Thou didst, O God, teach our hands 
 to war and our fingers to fight, and cover our heads in the 
 day of battle; and though many have been left on the field 
 of the slain, we thank Thee that there is a remnant left to 
 remember Thy goodness and mercy. We beseech Thee, O 
 God, that Thy blessings may continue with us as a nation. 
 Look upon us in mercy. Bless, we pray Thee, our country, 
 all who are in places of trust and power ; and grant, O God, 
 that our liberties may be preserved, that no external or 
 
AFTER TWENTY YEARS. 
 
 internal foe may rise against us, and that the time may 
 come when war shall cease to the end of the world ; when 
 swords shall be beaten into ploughshares, and spears into 
 pruning-hooks, and nation shall no longer lift up sword 
 against nation, and they shall learn war no more. Gracious 
 Father, we pray for Thy blessing upon all who are connected 
 with us in the regiment a remnant of which has been left 
 who are not permitted to be with us here to-night. May 
 Thy blessing attend them ! Guide us all by Thy Spirit ; 
 direct us in all our ways ; take all our interests into Thy 
 hand ; and finally, through riches of grace, bring us to Thy 
 kingdom, for the Redeemer s sake. Amen. 
 
 THE PRESIDENT A song will now be sung, entitled 
 " The Two Grenadiers." 
 
 Mr. Geo. Werrenrath sang the song with fine effect. 
 
 THE PRESIDENT The flags to which reference has been 
 made will now be presented to the Society by the Rev. D. 
 C. Knowles, Captain of Company D. 
 
 Sergeant Sparks, who carried the flag into Fort Wagner, 
 and Corporal McKie, of the Color Guard, wounded at Cold 
 Harbor, appeared on the platform with the tattered rem 
 nants of the flags. The veterans arose and gave three 
 enthusiastic cheers for "the old flags." Professor Max 
 Liebling furnished appropriate piano music. 
 
 The Rev. D. C. Knowles faced the President, both stand 
 ing, and addressed him as follows: 
 
 CAPTAIN KNOWLES PRESENTATION ADDRESS. 
 
 Dr. Storrs, in the name of my comrades of the Forty- 
 eighth Regiment I come to present to the Long Island 
 Historical Society, through you, its honored President, these 
 sacred relics of our civil war. 
 
 If you have never been a soldier, sir, and followed the 
 fortunes of your country s flag on the bloody field, it will be 
 difficult for you to understand fully the feelings that rise in 
 our hearts to-night as we look again on these tattered ban- 
 
230 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 ners. To us, who have seen them waving in line of battle, 
 they have a value that cannot be expressed in words. 
 
 It is not a difficult task for a man of trade to tell their 
 value in this world s currency. It is a simple problem. So 
 many square yards of silk, so much skilled labor in em 
 broidery, and the problem of production is solved. 
 
 But, sir, we ignore in our estimate all this elementary 
 calculation. We judge by other standards. Our data for 
 valuation come from the imperishable sentiments of the 
 heart. These old, faded flags represent to us everything 
 that is worth prizing in this life. When face to face with 
 the armies of the rebellion, they proudly flung out their folds 
 over our heads as symbols of law, constitution, order, equity, 
 property, honor, civilization, even life itself. 
 
 It is but an impulse of worldly wisdom that leads all civi 
 lized governments to seek by every possible expedient to 
 attach its soldiers to their respective standards. To this 
 end army regulations require that they be brought forth 
 with almost religious ceremonies, and presented to the keep 
 ing of the troops. At dress-parade an imposing escort pro 
 ceeds to the Colonel s tent, and with various salutations 
 receives the colors at his hands, and then gayly marches 
 away, with martial music, to present them to the regiment, 
 to be preserved at the cost of life itself. Thus every senti 
 ment of pride and honor is appealed to by the imposing 
 ritual of parade to kindle in the soldier s breast respect and 
 love for these symbols of his country s glory. And my 
 comrades will attest the truth of the assertion, that a strange 
 enthusiasm is thus created in the midst of the varied duties 
 of the camp, that settles at last into a permanent veneration 
 for the flags we carry a veneration that lifts the soul to the 
 highest possibilities of self-sacrifice for their preservation. 
 
 Sir, we have felt all this we feel it now. These senti 
 ments of profound regard for these symbols of the cause 
 for which we fought are as fresh and full in our hearts to 
 night as when we stood marshalled for the battle of consti 
 tutional liberty and unity under their flaunting folds. 
 
AFTER TWENTY YEARS. 23! 
 
 May I not be indulged, sir, for a few moments in some 
 sacred reminiscences? It was one of the darkest hours of 
 our country s history when these men who stand around me 
 met for the first time at Camp Wyman, a few miles away 
 from this hall. Most of us were strangers to each other, but 
 we came together in the friendly band of a common cause. 
 
 You doubtless remember, when the first call was made for 
 volunteers, how jubilantly our young soldiers started for the 
 field. It seemed to the North like a vast military picnic at 
 the Government s expense. Very few saw with prophetic 
 eye the fierceness of the storm that was gathering in the 
 political heavens. Even great statesmen told us it would 
 dissipate the rebellion if we sent a few thousands of our 
 soldiers South, and waved the stars and stripes valiantly in 
 the face of the foe. But, sir, you remember also how delu 
 sive were such dreams. Our panic-stricken army, broken 
 and dispirited at Bull Run, poured into Washington a dis 
 organized mob, dispelled these false theories of the war, and 
 awoke the nation to the real bitterness of the coming con 
 test. -The North then began to measure the magnitude of 
 the task it had undertaken. For the first time we perceived 
 that nothing short of stern and stubborn war, bloody and 
 terrible, could save the Republic from dismemberment. The 
 idle dream of speedy peace gave way to deep dejection in 
 many, and a great gloom fell like midnight darkness on 
 the North. Enlistments were checked for a time, and men 
 held back shuddering at the fearful sacrifices of blood and 
 treasure that loomed up before them as the price of unity. 
 
 In that hour, sir, we volunteered : not through the im 
 pulse of youthful excitement the times had disenchanted 
 war of its holiday attire ; not for high bounties the days 
 had not yet come when patriotism could only be induced to 
 volunteer for gold ; not for idle love of adventure, or pirati 
 cal hope of plunder but from an intelligent love of coun 
 try, and a settled purpose to lay life and all on its altar for 
 constitutional unity. We came when it looked like a hope 
 less task, and freely gave ourselves to all the bloody possi- 
 
232 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, Y. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 bilities of war to secure for ourselves and posterity the 
 union of these States. Was it a foolish venture, a price 
 not worth the sacrifices ? No, never ; for we saw just before 
 us the terrible chasm of disunion. We saw the disastrous 
 consequences of such a fate. We saw more clearly than the 
 outlines of any fancy picture the pernicious certainties of 
 such a calamity. We saw rivers that God had made to run 
 from our northern boundaries to our southern gulf those 
 natural highways of commerce and brotherhood crossed by 
 an imaginary line, that must prove a barrier through all ages 
 to the free interchange of trade and travel, subjecting the 
 coming millions to the exactions of rival governments, and 
 the annoyance of passport and servile espionage. We saw 
 these great mountain-ranges, that bind the North and South 
 together with their cables of solid stone, cut in twain by 
 that same invisible boundary, and from every lofty eleva 
 tion frowning batteries facing each other with a perpetual 
 challenge to the fight ; we saw paternal estates divided 
 asunder by landmarks that were only symbols of hate and 
 strife, while from Atlantic slope to Pacific shore we saw the 
 bivouac fires of armed hosts, casting their lurid colorings on 
 burnished bayonets that were ever ready to be wet in the 
 blood of brothers. We saw all this, and more too. For 
 we saw, as the natural and inevitable outcome of all this, 
 posterity crushed under the grinding budgets of taxation to 
 keep these standing armies in the field, and the laboring 
 classes of America rivalling in poverty and degradation the 
 war-cursed peasantry of Europe ; and, as a final consequence, 
 the man on horseback coming to rivet the chains of des 
 potic rule on the limbs of freemen, and the sunset hour of 
 constitutional liberty giving place once more to the hopeless 
 dark of absolutism and despair : and all this to gratify the 
 insensate greed and godless ambitions of a little combination 
 of slave-drivers ! We saw it all, sir, at a glance, as clearly 
 as the immortal Webster saw it when he drew back from 
 this vision of disunion, shuddering in every fibre of his loyal 
 heart. 
 
4 AFTER TWENTY YEARS. 233 
 
 It was to shield our nation from this fate, sir, that we 
 came together in those gloomy hours, some twenty years 
 ago. Some of us came from the plough, some from the 
 counting-room, some from our schools of learning, and others 
 even from the sacred desk. We met around one manly 
 form, whose commanding presence inspired respect and con 
 fidence, and whose imperial figure on horseback was an in 
 spiration then, as it is a sacred memory to-night % No regi 
 ment could boast a better leader than ours. Under his 
 earnest tuition we gained a drill and discipline that served 
 us well in the supreme hour of trial in the field. 
 
 It would have been very pleasing to us to have had here 
 to-night all our banners ; but events forbid. 
 
 One National flag is in the keeping of the State at Al 
 bany, and one is not. You have already had an allusion to 
 its history. It \vas the flag under whose starry folds we 
 marched southward. At Cold Harbor it was lost to us- 
 forever not through cowardice, but sheer bravery. Its 
 color-bearer, who had drawn patriotic inspirations from 
 the philippics of Cicero under my personal tuition, and who 
 was the first man to enlist in my company, was shot dead 
 with the flag in his hand. Another seized the fallen stand 
 ard, and was shot down ; and another took it up only to 
 perish under its crimson stripes. Then a fourth man lifted its 
 proud challenge to the foe, and planted it on the parapet in 
 the very midst of the rebel host, when he too died, pierced 
 with bullets, and flag and flagmen fell together into the 
 very arms of the enemy. It was never recovered. But, sir,. 
 I am proud to say, on account of the heroic efforts of the 
 regiment that day, a special order was passed immediately 
 replacing the lost banner. This flag, whose substance is al 
 most all gone, is the one presented to us by the Hanson 
 Place Church. Its appearance tells its history better than 
 any words of mine. You have heard from our historian 
 the heroism of its bearer on that eventful night at Wagner, 
 where so many of our comrades fell. 
 
 Permit me to speak now of this larger banner. One day 
 
234 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 at Hilton Head, while we were sturdily preparing for the 
 conflict, there was brought into our camp this splendid flag. 
 It was brilliant then in its new rich blue and lustrous erold. 
 
 o 
 
 We were drawn up in a hollow square one beautiful Sab 
 bath-day to receive it. We were told it was the gift of our 
 Brooklyn friends. It was then thrown to the breeze, and on 
 its broad ground of silken blue we saw the resplendent coat 
 of arms of the Empire State. Our Colonel called for 
 " Home, Sweet Home" from the band ; and with the mem 
 ories of the dear ones far away, and the unbidden tears steal 
 ing to our eyes as we thought of our Northern homes, we 
 lifted our swords, presented our arms, and vowed that flag 
 should never be dishonored. 
 
 We were young and strong then. Our blood was warm 
 with the impulses of hopeful life. We are aware that time 
 has left its impress on us ; for, strange to say, we find our 
 selves quietly taking on the colors of our enemies : we are 
 beginning to wear the gray. One and all of us are insensi 
 bly growing white with the hoar-frosts of accumulating years. 
 But, sir, we stand here to-night and salute this dear old 
 faded flag with the same heroic ardor we felt when for the 
 first time we saw it given to the winds. We salute it now, 
 tattered and torn with the storms of heaven, and rent and 
 ragged with the flying missiles of the fiercer storms of 
 battle. 
 
 But, sir, I am proud to say our early vows were never 
 broken : it has never been dishonored. In Georgia s marsh 
 es, in Florida s tangled jungles, on the blazing parapet of 
 Wagner, in the deadly charge on the enemy s lines at Cold 
 Harbor, in the trenches that compassed Petersburg, in a 
 score of bloody battles, it lifted up its challenge to every foe 
 to our nation s unity. Inspired by its proud defiance in the 
 face of rebel hosts, many a wounded soldier has found a so 
 lace for his sufferings, and under its witnessing folds many a 
 hero has laid down to die and many a manly heart ceased to 
 beat forever. 
 
 Passing over its history during the active service of the 
 
AFTER TWENTY YEARS. 2$$ 
 
 regiment, permit me briefly to state a few facts concerning 
 its recent discovery. 
 
 By some strange freak of fortune, this flag was left, when 
 the regiment was disbanded in 1865, in the possession of its 
 commanding officer, Colonel Coan. It was taken by him to 
 Lawrence, Mass. Six years ago he died. 
 
 In the order of providence my ministry had fallen in that 
 city. A few months since I was requested by Captain Carl- 
 ton to make inquiries for the lost banner, 
 
 In my search for the relatives of Colonel Coan I was in 
 formed that the mayor of the city was a brother-in-law, and 
 hastening to his residence I was told the old flag had there 
 been safely housed through all these intervening years. The 
 Colonel s sister led me to the room where she had so sacred 
 ly preserved it ; and with hands trembling for very joy, I 
 took the standard up, unrolled the outer covering that en 
 cased it, and flung out its faded fringes once again, while the 
 hot tears started in my eyes over memories that came up as 
 fresh as the events of yesterday. 
 
 Sir, those were not unmanly tears. Some of us have suf 
 fered too much from half-healed wounds and merciless dis 
 eases through these twenty years to blush with shame at 
 tears that start out of memory s treasures at the sight of 
 these dear old flags. 
 
 Why, sir, these flags are the proofs of our loyalty. They 
 are the demonstrations of proud patriotism. Our hearts 
 cling to them as such. We are as loyal to these symbols to 
 night as in 61. Do you doubt it, sir? Would you put us 
 to the proof ? 
 
 We are here to-night to tell you frankly, that after all we 
 know of war, its horrors and its loathsome beastliness, after 
 all the imperishable hatred we feel toward it, the product of 
 bitter personal experience, yet if a rebel host should rise in 
 the South and march on Washington, we would rally once 
 again around these tattered banners and go to the front as 
 we did twenty years ago. 
 
 No, sir, I am not ashamed to tell you the hot tears came 
 
236 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 as a tribute to this symbol of law and liberty when I clasped; 
 this banner in my arms and took it home. 
 
 There in my hall it stood for weeks, while scores of our 
 patriotic citizens cam.e in to look upon it and hear me re 
 hearse the story of those dreadful days. Then I sent it to 
 your city; and here it is to-night, to be deposited with this 
 other flag for safe keeping with your Society. 
 
 Sir, we all belong to the color-guard to-night. We are 
 but a remnant of that long line that filed down by Fort 
 Hamilton that midnight hour twenty years ago to take the 
 steamer for the South and destiny. Many of those noble 
 hearts, sons of this great city, are sleeping in Southern 
 graves. 
 
 Providence has left us the sweet privilege of rallying once 
 again around these standards, to lay them away, we trust,, 
 forever. I am deputed by my comrades to say to your Soci 
 ety through you : Take these sacred symbols of our loyalty ;. 
 preserve them carefully; hang them where our children and 
 children s children to latest posterity may come and look 
 upon them, and drink in patriotic inspiration, and senti 
 ments of right and truth and unity, as the flowers drink in 
 the dew. 
 
 And may God grant that they may here learn to cherish 
 the institutions we have helped to save, and value those 
 principles of liberty, righteousness, and human brotherhood 
 principles born of the Gospel of the Son of God which 
 were rescued from impending peril by the blood of the heroes 
 who fell beneath their folds, and who now lie sleeping in 
 honored sepulchres ! (Loud and prolonged applause.) 
 
 REPLY OF REV. DR. STORRS. 
 
 Gentlemen, Officers and Men of the Forty-eighth Regiment^ 
 
 General Gillmore, and Honored Guests : 
 I have never before felt it so impossible to say that which 
 would be to my own mind and heart appropriate and adequate 
 to the occasion as I do this evening. Words are weak in 
 
AFTER TWENTY YEARS. 
 
 the presence of heroic deeds. All sentences seem to turn to 
 nothingness in the presence of such symbols as these, and 
 under the august memories by which we are overshadowed. 
 Eloquence is in silence. I can say certainly for the Society 
 of which I have the honor to be President, that we receive 
 with gladness and with gratitude these symbols of heroic 
 daring and suffering and success ; that we will guard them 
 carefully ; we will make our custody of them as permanent 
 as the continued existence of the Society which, I trust, 
 will be as permanent as the city and "as the land. And we 
 will, sir, teach those who shall look upon them in their 
 torn majesty, in the splendor which not merely consists with 
 but comes from these drooping threads and these half- 
 obscured stars we will teach those who look upon them to 
 reverence the holy cause in which they were first advanced, 
 and the glory of whose memory shall cling to them ever 
 more. (Applause.) It is in fact, ladies and gentlemen, a 
 proper function of this Society, and one for which in part it 
 was constituted, to preserve the records and the memorials of 
 that tremendous struggle which began twenty years ago. The 
 Society began its life in the midst of the civil war, in 1863, 
 .a few months after the Proclamation of Emancipation, a 
 few months before the victory of Gettysburg ; and one pur 
 pose which those who founded it had in founding it was to 
 preserve whatever might relate to that supreme passage in 
 our national experience, which was the result of so many ten 
 dencies going before, which was felt to be the certain source 
 and cause of so many and such vast influences following 
 after. The Society exists for the purpose for which it is 
 called together this evening, in the persons of its officers and 
 directors, to put into its most choice treasure-house these 
 relics of that great, that prophetic, that memorable struggle. 
 How vast the contrast between the scene in which we are 
 gathered this evening, peaceful and brilliant, and the scenes 
 which are recalled to us by these historical relics which have 
 been presented to us scenes of twenty years ago ! On the 
 1 5th of April the President s proclamation calling for seventy- 
 
238 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 five thousand volunteers was published. On the 2Oth of 
 April, 1 86 1, the order was given to General Duryea to for 
 ward two regiments from Brooklyn to the front ; and on the 
 2ist twenty years ago to-day, it falling on a Sunday in that 
 year collections were taken in the churches of this city to 
 aid in the equipment and the furtherance of the regiments 
 immediately going forward. We remember, all of us, that 
 which followed in those four apocalyptic years the raising 
 of this regiment and of others ; the long suspense ; the 
 dreadful fear, when battle was imminent, of those who tarried 
 at home and looked with eyes blinded with tears toward the 
 perilous lines of battle in the distance ; the pain which fol 
 lowed defeat, the exultation which- came after success; the 
 long-protracted and fierce excitements under which so many 
 died at the North under which so- many of the women 
 whose hands had wrought or whose money had purchased 
 this flag fell into graves, stricken by the war as if they had 
 been hit by bullets at the front. We remember the triumph 
 with which the close of the struggle was hailed, and that 
 stroke which fell like a bolt from a clear sky, in the death of 
 the President under whose counsel and administration it had 
 been carried to success, and the silent processions that 
 carried his remains to their resting-place in the West : it 
 seems almost like romance rather than sober history as we 
 recall it all. Reckoning time by experience rather than by 
 the passage of suns across meridians, we might almost remit 
 that period to the middle ages, it seems so remote from us 
 as we sit together in our cheerful prosperity this evening. 
 The contrast on which these flags have looked which looked 
 once into the mouth of hell from the parapet at Fort Wag 
 ner or at Cold Harbor, and which now look upon this cheer 
 ful assembly, gathered in peace, gathered in liberty, full of 
 hope, full of joy, full of exulting memories of the past and 
 of bright expectations this contrast is hardly greater than 
 that between the scenes which surrounded us then and the 
 scenes which surround us now. Out of the hurricane into 
 the calm we have come. It reminds one of those hamlets, 
 
AFTER TWENTY YEARS. 239 
 
 villas, cities, at the foot of Vesuvius. At one time there 
 is the terrific explosion of the volcano hurling its fiery ban 
 ner into the air and its fiery flood down the slopes, and then 
 there are the human habitations on the hardly-cooled lava, 
 the vineyards in their luxuriance, the olive orchards, and the 
 children sporting in the garden. 
 
 And yet, when we think of this contrast, how we are im 
 pressed by the fact that that which went before was the 
 condition of that which has come after that they stand 
 related to each other as cause to effect. He whose lips have 
 just closed this pathetic and noble address, delivering to us 
 the custody of these flags, has spoken of the consequences 
 which they foresaw who, twenty years ago, went forth to 
 battle if the government of the Union were not maintained 
 in that critical exigency. And he has not overstated those 
 consequences by a line by a phrase. All that which he 
 foresaw, and others, would have resulted, must have resulted, 
 except for the valor and the fortitude of these men who stood 
 between the rebellion and its success. Out of that crash of 
 conflict, which was inevitable, has come our liberty and 
 peace. Two glaciers slipping from opposite slopes toward 
 each other do not more surely come into grinding and crash 
 ing collision than did the two forms of civilization, differing 
 in purpose and aim and theory, which had found simulta 
 neous place on this continent come into that tremendous 
 strife. Men had foreseen it ; and as he saw it, Webster, 
 with his prescience of the future, gave the full energy of his 
 magnificent mind to trying if it were possible to avert or to 
 prevent the contest. It had to come. And only out of that 
 contest, and the victory which it signalized and symbolized 
 to us to-night, have come the joyful peace and the expectant 
 hope of this compacted and triumphant people. 
 
 " Purchased by blood !" yes, so it was well said in the sal 
 utatory address. That is the august and luminous motto 
 written by the finger of God Himself on the front of the 
 Church of Christ in the world. That is the legend that might 
 be written on every grandest achievement of man in the 
 
240 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S, VOLS. 
 
 securing of popular liberty, and the advancement of popular, 
 political, and social progress. " Purchased by blood !" So 
 it will be to the end of history. The Apocalypse shows that 
 things do not melt quietly into the consummated kingdom 
 of God ; but they march toward it through terrific crash of 
 conflict. 
 
 So it is that they who are before us to-night stand in suc 
 cession with those who in other countries and centuries have 
 maintained the cause of righteousness and of liberty. They 
 are but a handful as compared with the great host of which 
 they were a part in this our own land. But not merely 
 those hosts are represented by them, but all the illustrious 
 hosts of men who have stood for the truth and for human 
 progress against power and faction since history began. We 
 are overshadowed not merely by these standards to-night. 
 They represent the whole marshalled series of standards and 
 gonfalons which have been borne by those who have bared 
 their breasts to the onset of violence, that they might main 
 tain the sweet sanctities of home ; that they might maintain 
 the glorious liberties of peoples, with the freedom and equity 
 of governments. (Applause.) We stand here with all this 
 past behind us and with what the future holds in it still to 
 come. The question for us is whether all this struggle in 
 the past, this sacrifice and sorrow in the army and in the 
 homes from which the army went whether this vanished 
 and precious life which went up to God from the parapet at 
 Wagner and Cold Harbor, from everglade and swamp and 
 sandy beach whether all this is to have results adequate to 
 compensate for it, a fruitage vast enough for the costly and 
 precious seed. If we get mere wealth in this country out 
 of the war, then the sacrifice was too great. Blood is too 
 costly to buy money. If we get merely the ornaments of 
 civilization, then the sacrifice was too great. Luxury and 
 convenience are too cheap to pay for a single life, like the 
 many heroic lives the record of which has been suggested to 
 us or read before us this evening. We must get something 
 grander and more enduring as the fruit of this vast struggle. 
 
AFTER TWENTY YEARS. 241 
 
 It must be not a spirit of hate toward those with whom we 
 then met in armed array, as has been well said. 
 
 Your spirit is illustrated in the fact that you place these 
 standards in tjie custody of a Society which exists to pro 
 mote the study of history ; for history, as Macaulay said of 
 Westminster Abbey, is " a temple of silence and reconcilia 
 tion." You go into the Ambras Museum in Vienna, and 
 you see there side by side the battle-axe of Montezuma and 
 the lances and swords, the shields and horse-armor, of the 
 chivalry of Europe which rushed over Mexico. You see 
 there the armor of the Duke of Parma, Alexander Farnese, 
 and the armor of Maurice of Saxony in the adjoining apart 
 ment ; the bronze helmets of Roman soldiers, and the helmet 
 of Maximilian. History gathers these standards, and re 
 joices to keep them without bitterness of spirit ; and we 
 would recognize as readily the sentiment in those who fought 
 against us in the great conflict if they were gathered around 
 their torn battle-flags and honoring them for the memories 
 which they awakened of courage and endurance in them 
 selves. We are not to get a spirit of sectional strife out of 
 these symbols of the war. The soldiers on either side re 
 spected each other more after the war than they had done 
 before. (Applause.) We used to think at the North that 
 the South could talk loudly and fiercely, but would not fight. 
 The South thought that we were too busy speculating in 
 cotton, building railways, starting new factories too mer 
 cenary and craven-spirited to fight. They found their mis 
 take ; we found ours. And wherever any sectional spirit 
 may have its origin hereafter in the history of the country 
 it will not be among the soldiers who wore the blue or wore 
 the gray. (Applause.) But we must get that which is per 
 manent and fruitful out of the struggle. Part of it we have. 
 The old flag is everywhere supreme from the St. Croix to 
 the Rio Grande " not a star erased or obscured, and not a 
 stripe polluted." We must have the old institutions and 
 spirit of American freedom equally universal a free and hon 
 est ballot everywhere. (Applause.) We must have the race 
 16 
 
242 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 that won its spurs where you won yours at Fort Wagner 
 (applause) lifted into confirmed, recognized, and permanent 
 liberty, every hand that held the bayonet holding the bal 
 lotnow (applause) more powerful than the Bayonet. We 
 must have the American spirit exalted and reinforced, filled 
 with a loftier patriotism and a nobler hope. That spirit 
 comes out of great crises. It is a mistake to say " blessed 
 is the people which has no history." Blessed, rather, is the 
 people whose history is rough with lofty passages of peril 
 which have been met in a spirit adequate to the greatness 
 of the crisis. In such a people you find no low monotony 
 of life. A lazy man said, when some one asked him how 
 he remembered so many stories, " I don t know ; I just 
 heard them here and there, and I was too lazy to take the 
 trouble to forget them." (Laughter.) Men sometimes take 
 great privileges, political and social, inherited from their an 
 cestors, and enjoy them, simply because they are too lazy to 
 lose them ; but the spirit that clutches victory upon the edge 
 of defeat, that rescues freedom when desperately assailed, 
 that rises to the supremacy of self-consecration in defending 
 the grand cause of patriotism and of religion that is the 
 spirit which more than mines of wealth, more than a million 
 trains thundering over railways, more than hundreds of thou 
 sands of factories with their humming wheels, ennobles and 
 glorifies a nation. That spirit comes out of great emergen 
 cies nobly met. That spirit comes, and must come more 
 and more in the future experience of this people, out of that 
 crisis where you so bravely met the onset of the vehement 
 enemy. 
 
 I pray God that the life which was sacrificed and the life 
 which was imperilled may have these magnificent results un 
 der His superintending and guiding providence. Certainly 
 it shall have it in the advancing and illumined history of the 
 American people, in the perfected liberties made universal, 
 in the grander spirit and temper of this expanding and pow 
 erful nation. So the influence of those who took part in that 
 struggle shall go on, while these banners continue, in a pros- 
 
AFTER TWENTY YEARS. 243 
 
 perity tranquil as these pearls in which the legends were 
 wrought upon them, rich as these gold beads in which the 
 arms of the State were blazoned it shall go on, the influ 
 ence of those who took part in that struggle, in the exalted 
 spirit of the people, and in the influence of the people upon 
 the world, until God folds up and lays aside His own banner 
 of yonder constellations in the heavens. (Applause.) 
 
 Mr. Werrenrath sang the " Star-Spangled Banner," the 
 audience joining in the chorus. 
 
 Prayer was then offered and the benediction pronounced 
 by the Rev. Dr. Farley, after which the audience gradually 
 dispersed. A large number met General Gillmore in the li 
 brary, including all of the veterans, and shook hands with 
 him. 
 
 Thus this wonderful night of reunion drew to its close. 
 It can never be repeated. We will never meet again so 
 many of us until we meet to answer to the great roll-call 
 above. 
 
 One result of that reunion was the organization of a Vet 
 eran Association of the Forty-eighth New York Volunteers, 
 which has held monthly meetings ever since, and under 
 whose auspices this History has been prepared. 
 
 Major Barrett was the President of the Association the 
 first three years, and Lieutenant Acker the fourth year. 
 
 The names and addresses of more than three hundred 
 surviving members of the regiment have been ascertained, 
 with whom a correspondence is kept up. Many have been 
 aided in securing pensions and back-pay due them, and 
 situations have been obtained for some. The comrades are 
 widely scattered through almost every State and Territory, 
 and a number live beyond the sea. 
 
 About one hundred reside in Brooklyn, New York, and 
 vicinity, and all feel that we are bound together by a last 
 ing bond of brotherhood. 
 
 The twentieth anniversary of " Fort Wagner" was ob- 
 
244 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 served at Glen Island, July 18, 1883, by about sixty of the 
 comrades; and February 20, 1885, was made the occasion 
 for recalling " Olustee" at a large gathering of the members 
 of the Association at their rooms in Brooklyn. 
 
 A reunion of the Forty-seventh and Forty-eighth was 
 held at Coney Island July 30, 1885, that day being the 
 twenty-first anniversary of the battle of the Petersburg 
 mine explosion. It is hoped that similar gatherings will 
 be held from year to year. 
 
 The officers of the Veteran Association at this time (1885) 
 are as follows : 
 
 GEORGE W. MARTEN, President. 
 
 TOM DAWSON, Vice-President. 
 
 DAVID B. WHEELER, Secretary. 
 
 JAMES A. BARRETT, Treasurer. 
 
 GEORGE B. STAYLEY, Treasurer History Fund. 
 
 GEORGE W. BRUSH, M.D., Surgeon. 
 
 ABRAHAM J. PALMER, Chaplain and Historian. 
 
ROSTER AND RECORD 
 
 OF THE 
 
 FoRTY-ElGHTH REGIMENT, 
 
 NEW YORK STATE VOLUNTEERS. 
 1861-1865. 
 
CONCERNING THE ROSTER AND RECORD. 
 
 The Muster-out rolls on file in the Adjutant-General s Office at Albany have 
 served as the basis for the Roster and Record of the Regiment, but they have 
 been found so incomplete and inaccurate that much time and labor have been 
 required in preparing them for publication. They have been compared with 
 the records at Albany and with the printed reports of the Adjutants-General of 
 the State and General governments, and with such other sources of information 
 as have been accessible to the Committee having the work in charge; but not 
 withstanding all the labor that has been bestowed upon the following pages, 
 they undoubtedly contain many errors some of them serious and annoying. 
 No one will regret this more than the members of the Committee, but they can 
 plead in extenuation that the best possible service has been rendered with 
 the facilities at their command. The forbearance of all concerned is asked, 
 and that the difficulties under which the work has been done will be borne in mind 
 when this portion of the history passes under review and criticism. 
 
 While it is to be regretted that the regimental and company records were not 
 kept with greater care and accuracy, it must be remembered that they were in 
 the hands of many different persons during a period of four years, and that, con 
 sidering the exigencies and vicissitudes of the service, especially when in the 
 field, it is surprising, rather than otherwise, that they were preserved at all and 
 with any approach to correctness. 
 
 EXPLANATIONS. The four records after each name are, in order : the age at 
 enlistment, the date thereof, the time of leaving the service, and the reason 
 therefor. The date of rank is given with each commission. Blank spaces in 
 dicate that a part of the record is missing. 
 
 ABBREVIATIONS. Exp n of service, for expiration of term of service or enlist 
 ment; Trans, for Transferred; U. S. C. T. for United States Colored Troops; V. 
 for Volunteer; V.V. for Veteran Volunteer; R. for Recruit; S. for Substitute; 
 D. for Drafted. 
 
ROSTER AND RECORD. 
 
 FIELD AND STAFF. 
 
 COLONELS. 
 Perry, James H. 49. July 24, 61 June 18, 62. Died of disease at Ft. Pu- 
 
 laski. Colonel Oct. 26, 61. V. 
 Barton, William B. 26. July 24, 61 Dec. 3, 64. Exp n of service. Lieut. - 
 
 Col. Aug. 21, 6t; Colonel June 18, 62. Brevet Brig.-Genl. U. S. V. 
 
 Wounded at Ft. Wagner and Cold Harbor. V. 
 Coan. William B. 30. Aug. 8, 61 Sept. I, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Capt. 
 
 Co. E Aug. 27, 61; Major July 18. 63; Lieut. -Col. June 9, 64; Colonel 
 
 Dec. 3, 64. Brevet-Col. U. S. V. Wounded at Ft. Wagner, Olustee, and 
 
 Ft. Fisher. V. 
 
 LIEUTENANT-COLONELS. 
 
 Beard, Oliver T. 28. July 24, 61 Dec. 24, 62. Resigned. Major Oct. 26, 
 
 61; Lieut.-Col. June 18, 62. V. 
 
 Green, James M. 32. Aug. 5, 61 July 18, 63. Killed in action at Ft. Wag 
 ner. Capt. Co. F Aug. 31, 61; Major June 18, 62; Lieut.-Col. Dec. 24. 
 
 62. V. 
 Strickland, Dudley W. 23. July 24, 61 June 9, 64. Resigned. Capt. Co. 
 
 H Aug. 16, 61; Major Dec. 24, 62; Lieut.-Col. July 18, 63. V. 
 Elfwing, Nere A. 29. Sept. 5, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. ist 
 
 Lieut. Co. B Sept. 5, 61; Capt. Aug. 29, 62; Major June 9, 64; Lieut.-Col. 
 
 Dec. 3, 64 (not mustered). Brevet Lieut.-Col. U. S. V. and Brevet-Col. N. 
 
 Y. V. Wounded at Ft. Wagner, Olustee, Ft. Fisher, and Wilmington (leg 
 
 amputated). V. 
 
 MAJORS. 
 
 Swartwout, Samuel M. 22. Aug. 3, 61 July 30, 64. Killed in action at Pe 
 tersburg mine explosion, ist Lieut. Co. I Sept. 14, 61; Capt. Co. F Dec. 
 24, 62; Major July 6, 64. Wounded at Fort Wagner. V. 
 
 Miller, Albert F. 35. Aug. I, 61 Jan. 13, 65. Discharged, disability. 2d 
 Lieut. Co. K Aug. 16, 61; ist Lieut. May 6, 62; Capt. July 18, 63; Major 
 Dec. 3, 64 (not mustered). Brevet Lieut.-Col. N. Y. V. Wounded at Ft. 
 Wagner and Cold Harbor. V. 
 
 Barrett, James A. 29. July 27, 61 Sept. I, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Pro 
 moted from ist Sergt. Co. H to 2d Lieut. Dec. 29, 62; ist Lieut. July 31, 
 63; Capt. May 16, 64; Major April 13, 65 (not mustered). Wounded at 
 Ft. Wagner and twice at Cold Harbor. V. 
 
 ADJUTANTS. 
 
 Goodell, Anthony W. 37. July 24, 61 March 7, 63. Resigned. Adjutant 
 Sept. 5, 61. V. 
 
 Hale. Christopher. 34. Aug. 19. 61 Oct. 19, 64. Discharged, disability. 
 Promoted from ist Sergt. Co. E to 2d Lieut. May 2, 62; Adjutant Mar. 7, 
 63. Wounded at Ft. Wagner. V. 
 
 Seaward, Benjamin. 21. Oct. 13. 62 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Pro 
 moted from Sergeant Co. K to Sergt. -Major; 2d Lieut. May 26, 64; ist Lieut. 
 Aug. 14, 64; Adjutant Oct. 19, 64. Brevet Capt. U. S. V. Wounded at Ft. 
 Wagner and Strawberry Plains. V. 
 
248 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 FIELD AND STAFF Continued. 
 
 May 26, 64; Quartermaster 
 Mufford GE Jo N se P hL. 31. July 24, 6i-Sept. *>, 64. Exp n of service. Sur 
 geon Sept 5, 61. V 63-Sept. I, 65. Muster-out of Regt. 
 
 e A n s d s t d Su C r h g a eon A 6ct 24 i 7 , C 6 t 3; s u^on sJpt. ,o, V Taken prisoner at 
 Olustee, having remained with the wounded. V. 
 
 . Oct. 15, 61-Aug. , 63. Commissioned Surgeon 
 
 Surgeon March 22, 64. V. 
 StricklandfwHliam P. 51. Ju.y ,4, ^-June 13, 63. Resigned. Chaplain 
 
 Tayl S or Pt wiufam Hi . April *,. 64-June 14, 65. Discharged. Chaplain 
 April 29, 64. V. 
 
 NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF. 
 
 SERGEANTS-MAJOR. 
 
 from Sergt. Co. E. V.V. 
 -SERGEANTS. 
 
 .; 1,-Nov. , 64. Exp n of service. Promoted 
 from Private Co. H. V. 
 
 S July *, *-& " >6 3. ^Ued in action at Ft. 
 ShanlTGeorle H. T 9 . Aug. ,6 .^-Sep, ,, 65. Muster-out of Regt. 
 Promoted from Musician Co. E. V.V. 
 
 ffi^ 
 
 moted from Private Co. E. V.V. 
 PRINCIPAL MUSICIANS. 
 
 ig-sn.t. ,, 65. Muster-out of Reg. Pro- 
 moted from Private Co. B. V.V. 
 
ROSTER AND RECORD. 249 
 
 COMPANY A. 
 
 CAPTAINS. 
 Lent, Louis H. 27. July 9, 61 July 10, 63. Killed in action at Morris Island. 
 
 Capt. Aug. 21, 61. V. 
 Dunbar, Wm. H. 24. Aug. 26, 61 Sept. I, 65. Muster-out of Regt. ist Lieut. 
 
 Co. G Aug. 26, 61; Capt. July 10, 63. Brevet Major U. S. V. Wounded 
 
 at Olustee. V. 
 Dawson, Tom. 22. Aug. 16, 61 Sept. I, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Promoted 
 
 from ist Sergt. Co. K. to 2d Lieut. July 30. 6_j ; ist Lieut. Dec. 3, 64; Capt. 
 
 Apl. 16, 65 (not mustered). Wounded at Strawberry Plains. V.V. 
 
 FIRST LIEUTENANTS. 
 Corwin, B. Ryder. 28. Aug. 21, 61 May 22, 63. Commissioned Major 34th 
 
 U. S. C. T. ist Lieut. Aug. 21, 61. V. 
 Schultz, Harmon C. 23. Aug. i, 61 Nov. 12, 64. Exp n of service. Promoted 
 
 from ist Sergt. Co. C to 2d Lieut. Aug. 12, 63; ist Lieut. Apl. 19, 64. V. 
 Rumsey, Dubois B. 20. Sept. 13, 61 Sept. I, 65. Muster-out of Regt. 
 
 Promoted from ist Sergt. Co. E to 2d Lieut. Jan. 2, 65; ist Lieut. Apl. 
 
 16, 65 (not mustered). Wounded at Ft. Wagner. V.V. 
 
 SECOND LIEUTENANTS. 
 
 Ferguson, Asa H. See Capt., Roster of Co. C. 
 Moser, Samuel H. See Capt., Roster of Co. C. 
 
 Fox, Charles E. 19. July 15, 61 Aug. n, 63. Died of wounds rec d at Ft. 
 Wagner. Promoted from ist Sergt. to 2d Lieut. Jan. 21, 63. V. 
 
 FIRST SERGEANTS. 
 Hamel, John G. 30. July 20, 61 May I, 64. Commissioned 2d Lieut. 4Oth 
 
 U. S. C. T. V.V. 
 
 Spooner, Edwin B. 29. Aug. 28, 61 Apl. 16, 62. Disability. V. 
 Mackellar, Robt. F. See ist Lieut., Roster of Co. B. 
 Conklin, Wm. H. 22. Aug. 16, 61 Sept. 22, 64. Exp n of service. Wounded 
 
 at Morris Island. Declined commission of 2d Lieut. V. 
 Martin, George W. 21. Mar. 20, 62 Mar. 22, 65. Exp n of service. 
 
 Wounded at Deep Bottom. Declined promotion to ist Lieut. V. 
 Himrod, James. See 2d Lieut., Roster of Co. C. 
 Wiegand, John C. 31. Aug. 5, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Wounded 
 
 at Deep Bottom. Taken prisoner at Hatcher s Run. V.V. 
 
 SERGEANTS. 
 
 Brush, Geo. W. 19. Aug. 13, 61 June 4, 63. Commissioned 2d Lieut. 34th 
 U. S. C. T.; ist Lieut. June 18, 64; Capt. Mar. 6, 65. V. 
 
 Carman, Jarvis C. 21. Aug. 23, 61 July 18, 63. Killed in action at Ft. Wag 
 ner. V. 
 
 Corwin, Wm. A. 29. Aug. 8, 61 May 63. Disability. V. 
 
 Doughty, Gardner K. 24. Dec. 2, 61 Dec. 2, 64. Exp n of service. Wounded 
 at Drewry s Bluff. Declined commission of 2d Lieut. V. 
 
 Fletcher, Daniel B. See Capt., Roster of Co. F. 
 
 Hunter, Geo. D. 29. Aug. 26, 61 Sept. 30, 64. Died of wounds rec d Sept. 
 15, 64. V.V. 
 
 Hamel, Gotlieb. 18. July 29, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Wounded 
 by accidental explosion of shell at St. Augustine. V.V. 
 
 Kron, Fred. D. 20. Aug. 26, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V.V. 
 
250 
 
 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 COMPANY A Continued. 
 
 SERGEANTS Continued. . 
 
 Lewis, John F. 40. Aug. 27, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Wounded 
 
 at Ft. Wagner, Cold Harbor, and Ft. Fisher. V.V. 
 Moran, John F. 32. Nov. 9, 63 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Wounded 
 
 at Olustee. V. 
 Wohlfarth, Richard. 18. July 15, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. Wounded 
 
 at Petersburg mine explosion. V. 
 
 CORPORALS. 
 
 Brady, Philip A. 31. Jan. 18, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Conant, Wm. L. 19. Aug. 27, 61 Sept. 16, 62. Commissioned ist Lieut. 
 
 i27th N. Y. V.; Capt. Mar. i, 65 (not mustered). V. 
 Butcher, Dewitt C. 23. July 20, 61 Jan. 25, 62. Drowned from steamer 
 
 Winfield Scott. V. 
 
 Gerow, Cory S. 26. Feb. 19, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Hunter, Frank W. 20. Jan. 16, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Leonard, Geo. W. 15. Aug. 3, 61 Sept. 16, 64. Exp n of service. Wounded 
 
 at Morris Island and Petersburg mine explosion. V. 
 
 Lane, Chas. 20. Sept. 16, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V.V. 
 McDowell, Wm. H. 29. July 29, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. 
 
 Wounded at Drewry s Bluff. V.V. 
 Quinlan, Timothy. 18. Aug. 27, 61 Dec. 28, 63. Disability, wounds. 
 
 Wounded at Ft. Wagner. V. 
 Scott, Wm. H. 33. Dec. 10, 63 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Wounded 
 
 at Olustee. V. 
 
 Smith, Jesse J. 19. Aug. 27, 61 July 18, 63. Killed at Ft. Wagner. V. 
 Vredenberg, Geo. S. D. 22. Aug. 17, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. 
 
 Wounded and taken prisoner at Ft. Wagner. V. 
 
 MUSICIANS. 
 
 Beard, John. 16. Aug. i, 61 Sept. i, 62. Disability. V. 
 Burr, Wm. J. 14. Jan. 7, 62 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Wounded 
 
 at Ft. Wagner. V.V. 
 Roe, Thos. H. 17. Aug. 4, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. V. 
 
 WAGONERS. 
 
 Dupree, John A. 21. Aug. 25, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. V. 
 White, David. 28. Aug. 7, 61 Aug. 4, 65. Disability. Wounded at Ft. 
 Wagner. V.V. 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 Adams, Valentine. 
 Austin, John. 22. 
 Ames, Joel C. 42. 
 Brady, Patrick. 23 
 Barney, Edward J. 
 Brady, James. 19. 
 
 Wagner. V. 
 
 Barron, Wm. F. 38. Nov. 2, 63 Apl. 18, 64. Trans, to Navy. 
 Butler, James. 37. Dec. 17, 61 May 3, 65. Disability. V.V. 
 
 22. Mar. 9, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Oct. 21, 63 Feb. 20, 64. Killed in action at Olustee. D. 
 Aug. 21, 61 July 18, 63. Killed at Ft. Wagner. V. 
 
 Aug. 28, 61 July 18, 63. Killed at Ft. Wagner. V. 
 See 2d Lieut., Roster of Co. C. 
 Aug. 26, 61 May 25, 65. Disability. Wounded at Ft. 
 
 V. 
 
 Buckley, John. 38. Apl. 3, 62 Sept". 64. 
 
 and taken prisoner at Olustee. V. 
 Brady, Peter A. 
 
 Babcock, Joseph. 21. Jan. 14. 65 Sept. : 
 Bell, John. 21. Feb. 21, 65 Sept. i, 65. 
 
 Died at Andersonville. Wounded 
 
 65. Muster-out of Regt. 
 Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 S. 
 
XOSTEX AND RECORD. 2$ I 
 
 COMPANY A-Continued. 
 
 PRIVATES Contin ued. 
 
 Burns, John. 23. Mar. 9, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Bower, -Godfrey. 27. Mar. 9, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster out of Regt. S. 
 Brush, John. 21. Sept. 10, 61 April 28, 62. Died of disease at Ft. Pulaski. V. 
 Barber, Austin A. 18. Sept. 22, 64 June 2, 65. Disability. S. 
 Barber, R. W. 22. Sept. 26, 64 June 2, 65. Disability. S. 
 Burns, James. 29. Sept. 23, 64 June 2, 65. Disability. S. 
 Barnes, Peter. 18. Feb. 18, 65 June 27, 65. Died of disease at Raleigh. S. 
 Bradley, James E. 26. Sept. 3, 61 Dec. 26, 63. Trans, to Invalid Corps. 
 
 Wounded at Morris Island. V. 
 
 Conklin, Peter J. 27. Aug. 17, 61 Oct. 15, 64. Disability. V. 
 Carman, Geo. A. 18. Sept. 5, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Wounded 
 
 at Fort Wagner. V.V. 
 Cadmus, Cornelius. 22. Aug. 20, 61 June 19, 64. Died at Andersonville. 
 
 Taken prisoner at Ft. Wagner. V. 
 
 Coughlin, Thos. 27. Aug. 16, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. V. 
 Conlon, Michael. 42. Aug. 19, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V.V. 
 Clark, Horatio. 19. Jan. 14, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Cook, Andrew. 31. Jan. 4, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 Civil, Jasper. 18. Dec. 31, 63 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 Crawford, Emmett. 18. Sept. 5. 61 Sept. 27, 62. Disability. V. 
 Carney, Thos. 15. Aug. 61 Aug. 25, 61. Discharged (under age). V. 
 Christie, Robert. 20. Jan. 14, 65 June 9. 65. Disability. S. 
 Commerford, Francis. 19. Aug. 12, 61. June 7, 64. Trans, to Invalid Corps. 
 
 Wounded at Ft. Wagner. V. 
 
 Cedore, Henry. 20. Jan. 13, 65 May 22, 65. Died of disease. S. 
 Davis, John. 38. Aug. 31, 63 Missing, Mar. 64. D. 
 
 Dupree, Elliott B. 19. July 15, 61 Sept. 16, 64. Exp n of service. V. 
 Dillon, James. 23. Aug. 7, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. V. 
 Dillon, Tobias. 21. Aug. 6, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. V. 
 Doyle, Michael J. 34. Aug. 8, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. V. 
 De Young, Jno. 32. Sept. 9, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Wounded 
 
 at Olustee. V.V. 
 Doughty, Ed. F. 22. Aug. 26, 62 Oct. 16, 64. Died at Andersonville. 
 
 Wounded and taken prisoner at Olustee. V. 
 Decker, Alfred. 38. Oct. 8, 63 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Wounded 
 
 and taken prisoner at Olustee. D. 
 Decker, Robert. 32. Oct. 8, 63 Sept. 19, 64. Disability. Wounded at 
 
 Drewry s Bluff. D. 
 
 Durham. Ed. 22. Jan. 19, 65 June 30, 65. Disability. S. 
 Dresham, Joseph. 19. Jan. 19, 65 July 19, 65. Died of disease. S. 
 Donnegan, Patrick. 35. Sept. 5, 61 July 18, 63. Killed at Ft. Wagner. V. 
 Evans, Levi. 18. Feb. 27, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 Evens, Leander. 29. Jan. 5, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 Farrell, Jos. F. 19. Sept. 61 Missing from furlough to N. Y. 
 
 Feb. 64. V.V. 
 
 Farrell, Lawrence. 48. Sept. 3, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V.V. 
 Ferderliner, John H. 33. Aug. 16, 61 Jan. 7, 64. Trans, to Invalid Corps. V. 
 Fisher, Henry. 25. Aug. 17, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Wounded 
 
 at Morris Island and Cold Harbor. V.V. 
 
 Fenno, Wm. 36. Oct. 8, 63 Apr. 18, 64. Trans, to Navy. D. 
 Fahey, Thos. B. 18. Mar. 9, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Ferguson, John R. 29. Mar. 3, 63 July 10, 63. Killed in action at Morris 
 
 Island. D. 
 Ferguson, Wm. A. 32. Sept. 5, 61 July 10, 63. Killed in action at Morris 
 
 Island. V. 
 
252 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 COMPANY A Continued. 
 
 PRIVATES Continued. 
 
 Fitzpatrick, John. 26. Aug. 22, 61 April 18, 62. Disability. V. 
 Fobs, Andrew. 20. Aug. 20, 61 July 10, 63. Killed in action at Morris 
 
 Island. V. 
 Gillespie, John. 19. Sept. i, 61 Missing from furlough to New 
 
 York Feb. 64. V.V. 
 
 Green, Chas. 32. Aug. 8, 63 June 2, 65. Wounded at Olustee. D. 
 
 Gaccommitto, Joseph. 24. Nov. 26, 62 Sept. 64. Died at Andersonville. 
 
 Wounded and taken prisoner at Olustee. V. 
 
 Grimm, Henry. 25. Mar. 31, 62 May 4, 65. Exp n of service. V. 
 Green, Asa C. 30. Jan. 14, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Graves, Clark V. 18. Jan. 14, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 Garde, Morris. 19. Jan. 17, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Gibbens, John. 40. Feb. 21, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Hutt, Joseph. 45. Aug. 15, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. Wounded at 
 
 Ft. Wagner. V. 
 Hallahan, John. 25. Oct. 8, 63 June 5, 65. Enlisted in Light Battery E, 
 
 3d U. S. Art. D. 
 
 Herkin, Wm. 18. Mar. 9, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Hill, John. 20. Mar. 3, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. D. 
 Hand, Wm. 20. Sept. 2, 63 -April 18, 64. Trans, to Navy. D. 
 Hunt, Franklin. 27. Mar. 9, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Halstead, Wm. 25. Aug. 8, 61 Oct. 61. Disability. V. 
 Hedberg, Chas. 21. Aug. 6, 6 1 June 7, 62. Died of disease at Ft. Pulaski. V. 
 Hoppe, Chas. 22. April 10, 62 Feb. 20, 64. Killed in action at Olustee. V. 
 Hehl, Peter. 23. Sept. 2, 63 Missing from Camp Parole at 
 
 Annapolis. D. 
 Hallahan, John. 29. Aug. 5, 61 May 25, 64. Died of wounds received at 
 
 Drevvry s Bluff. Wounded at Ft. Wagner. V.V. 
 Johnson, Isaac O. 18. Aug. 26, 61 Jan. 7, 64. Trans, to Invalid Corps. 
 
 Wounded at Morris Island. V. 
 Johnson, Jonas P. 23. Aug. 26, 61 Oct. 20, 64. Disability. Wounded on 
 
 picket near Hatcher s Run. V. 
 
 Johnson, Geo. I. 24. Jan. 7, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 Johnson, Warren. 22. Jan. 7, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 Kerrigan, Patrick. 20. Sept. 5, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V.V. 
 Ketcham, Luther S. 33. Aug. 22, 61 Dec. 10, 63. Died of wounds. Wounded 
 
 and taken prisoner at Ft. Wagner. V. 
 
 Kron, Peter. 40. Aug. 19, 62 May 24, 65. Disability. V. 
 King, Jas. M. 22. July 20, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V.V. 
 Kelly, Wm. 28. Oct. 8, 63 Missing. D. 
 
 Kessler, Xoner. 34. June 12, 62 June 14, 65. Exp n of service. V. 
 Kelmel, Nicholas. 24. Mar. 9, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Kenny, Mathew. Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. 
 
 Keys, James. 42. July 24, 61 June, 63. Disability. V. 
 Leech, Geo. A. 44. Aug. 26, 61 Feb. 20, 64. Killed in action at Olustee. V. 
 Lane, Geo. 32. Sept. 16, 61 Feb. 28, 65. Died of wounds. Wounded and 
 
 taken prisoner at Olustee, and wounded at Drewry s Bluff. V.V. 
 Lane, John. 26. Sept. 16, 61 July 26, 65. Disability. Wounded at 
 
 Drewry s Bluff. V.V. 
 Lawson, Ed. M. 29. Dec. 10, 61 Dec. 10, 64. Exp n of service. Wounded 
 
 at Olustee and Drewry s Bluff. V. 
 Limberg, Errick. 27. July 19, 61 June 27, 65. Exp n of service. Wounded 
 
 at Ft. Wagner and Petersburg, and wounded and prisoner at Olustee. V. 
 Livingston, Ferdinand. 28. April 9, 62 Missing from veteran 
 
 furlough. V.V. 
 

 ROSTER AND RECORD. 253 
 
 COMPANY A Continued. 
 
 P R I v ATES Contin ued. 
 Livingston, H. B. 30. Nov. 27, 63 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. 
 
 Wounded at Drevvry s Bluff. V. 
 
 Lorley, John. 32. Sept. 3, 63 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. D. 
 Lewison, Albert. 21. Mar. 9, 65 June 10, 65. S. 
 
 Larkin, James. 28. Aug. 30, 61 July 18, 63. Killed at Ft. Wagner. V. 
 Leary, Brock. 19. Jan. 6, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Lynch, John. 23. Feb. 26, 65 July 8, 65. Disability. S. 
 Linnenger, Ferdinand. 28. April 19, 62 Missing from 
 
 veteran furlough, 64. V.V. 
 
 Lee, George. 19. Sept. 6, 61 Missing, Oct. 18, 62. V. 
 
 Morgan, James. 40. July 18, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. Wounded 
 
 at Morris Island and Cold Harbor. V. 
 
 Morgan, Patrick. 25. Aug. 10, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster out of Regt. V.V. 
 McCarthy, Luke. 38. July 29, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. Wounded 
 
 at Ft. Wagner and twice at Olustee. V. 
 
 McGarry, John. 43. Jan. 13, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 Melich, August. 30. Sept. i, 63 Oct. 28, 64. Died of wounds. Wounded 
 
 and taken prisoner at Olustee. D. 
 Miniter, Frank. 18. Nov. 10, 63 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Wounded 
 
 and taken prisoner at Olustee. V. 
 Moran, John. 24. April 8, 62 April 18, 64. Trans, to Navy. Wounded at 
 
 Olustee. V. 
 Millspaugh, Wm. 31. Dec. 10, 63 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. 
 
 Wounded at Petersburg mine explosion. V. 
 Mittledorf, George. 27. April 10, 62 June 6, 64. Killed in action at Cold 
 
 Harbor. V.V. 
 Murphy, John. 18. Jan. 5, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Wounded 
 
 and taken prisoner at Olustee. V. 
 
 Mayher, Patrick. 20. Jan. 19, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Mack, Thos. 21. Feb. 21, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Monton, Chas. H. 18. March 9, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster out of Regt. S. 
 Murray, John. 23. Jan. 18, 65 Missing Wilmington, March 2, 65. S. 
 
 Mullholland, Owen. 35. Sept. 4, 6*r Feb. 20, 64. Killed at Olustee. V. 
 McClellen, John C. 36. Mar. 14, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 McClellen, Howard S. 33. Mar. 20, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster out of 
 
 Regt. S. 
 McKenzie, George. 43. Feb. 21, 65 . Missing from Raleigh, June 
 
 3, 65- S. 
 McCann, Barney. 38. Aug. 29, 61 July 18, 63. Killed in action at Ft. 
 
 Wagner. V. 
 
 Mackey, Eager. 23. Aug. 19, 61 Sept. 27, 61. Disability. V. 
 Mathews, John. 37. Sept. 3, 61 Sept. 27, 61. Disability. V. 
 Milton, Richard. 23. July 31, 61 Sept. 27, 61. Disability. V. 
 McCormack, Wm. 37. Sept. 10, 61 July 18, 63. Killed at Ft. Wagner. V. 
 Martin, George W. 17. Feb. 20, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 Nolan, John. 46. Aug. 7, 61 Aug. 17, 65. Wounded at Ft. Wagner and 
 
 Chester Heights. V.V. 
 Nolan, Peter. 18. Aug. 29, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Wounded 
 
 at Ft. Wagner. V.V. 
 
 Neddo, Andrew. 23. Jan. 13, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Nash, George R. 32. Mar. 9, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 O Grady, Thos. 40. Sept. 7, 61 Aug. 12, 65. Disability. V.V. 
 Poulson, Wm. A. 22. Nov. 12. 61 Nov. 21, 64. Exp n of service. V. 
 Peck, Reuben. 18. Feb. 20, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Peck, Lyman. 18. Feb. 20,^65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
254 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S.. VOLS.. 
 
 COMPANY A Continued. 
 
 PRIVATES Continued. 
 
 Price, Solomon W. 18. Aug. i, 61 Oct. 27, 61. Died of disease. V. 
 Pringle, Wm. 25. Jan. 19, 65 Missing from Wilmington 1 
 
 Mar. 25, 65. S. 
 
 Quinn, Patrick. 26. March 7, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Rikeman, M. A. 40. Aug. 28, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V.V. 
 Roth, Wm. 31. Aug. 16, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Wounded a a 
 
 Morris Island and Cold Harbor. V.V. 
 
 Reilley, Francis. 27. July 19. 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. V. 
 Radley, Seymour. 18. Feb. 17, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Rychner, August. 24. March 9, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Roberts, John. 20. Mar. 9, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Smith, Walter J. 18. Aug. 27, 61 Sept. 16, 64. Exp n of service. Wounded 
 
 and taken prisoner at Ft. Wagner. V. 
 Smith, Patrick. 32. Jan. 21, 64 July 27, 65. Disability. Wounded and 
 
 taken prisoner at Ft. Wagner, and wounded at Deep Bottom. V. 
 Sctirank, Conrad. 21. April 18, 62 April 24. 65. Exp n of service. V. 
 Scrobner, Wm. H. 21. Aug. 18, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V.V. 
 Sheard, Thos. 23. Oct. 8, 63 May 16, 64. Supposed killed at 
 
 Drewry s Bluff. Wounded at Olustee. D. 
 
 Shaw, Larry. 30. Dec. 2, 63 Missing, July 31, 64. D. 
 
 Sauer, George 23. Mar. 17, 63 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Wounded 
 
 at Drewry s Bluff. V. 
 
 Suttiff, John. 18. Feb. 15, 65 July 18, 65. Disability. S. 
 Seymour, T. S. 18. Aug. 8, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Snyder, Rawson. 23. Jan. 5, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 Schneider, Anton. 23. Mar. 9, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Schoffler, Jacob. 35. Feb. 24, 65 June 2, 65. S. 
 
 Scanlon, John. 35. Aug. 18, 61 Nov. 18, 63. Died of disease. V. 
 Sullivan, Joseph. 22. Jan. 18, 65 Missing from Wil 
 
 mington, Mar. 15, 65. S. 
 
 Toole, Wm. 38. July 29, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V.V. 
 Taffe, Lawrence. 40. Jan. 9, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 Trainer, Peter. 30. Oct. 8, 63 Mar. 5, 64. Died of wounds received at 
 
 Olustee. D. 
 Thompson, Andrew. 24. Aug. 17, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. 
 
 Returned to ranks from Musician. V.V. 
 
 Trapnell, Fred. 34. Feb. 21, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Terwilliger, Isaac. 20. Oct. 8, 63 Missing, Sept. 13, 64. D. 
 
 Vooris, Abram. 18. Sept. 15, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. Wounded 
 
 at Ft. Wagner. V. 
 
 Van Slyke, C. P. 28. July 14, 62. Missing, Nov. 22, 64. V. 
 
 Velsor, Daniel B. 20. Aug. 3, 61 July 18, 63. Killed at Ft. Wagner. V. 
 Wetherspoon, Francis. 19. Jan. 13, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Wallace, Lewis. 37. Feb. 9, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 Woolfinninger, R. 35. Mar. 9, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Waldon, Jacob. 32. Mar. 9, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Williams, Jos. M. See 2d Lieut., Roster of Co. E. 
 Williams, James. 28. Jan. 18, 65 Missing from Wilmington., 
 
 Mar. 15, 65. S. 
 Whitlack, Jeremiah. 18. Jan. 13, 65 July 17, 65. Disability. S. 
 
FOSTER AND RECORD. 
 
 255 
 
 Dismissed. Promoted from- 
 
 COMPANY B. 
 
 CAPTAINS. 
 Travis, Edward R. 27. Aug. 20, 61 Aug. 30, 62. Resigned. Capt. Sept. 5, 
 
 61. Com d Major 6th N. Y. H. A., Sept. 15. 62; Lieut.-Col. Mar. 19, 63. V. 
 Elfwing. Nere A. See Lieut.-Col., Roster of Field and Staff. 
 Erwin, Augustus M. Aug. 13, 62 Sept. i. 65. Muster-out of Regt. 2d 
 
 Lieut. Aug. 13, 62; Capt. July 31, 64. Trans, from nyth N. Y. V. V. 
 
 FIRST LIEUTENANTS. 
 
 Robinson, Henry W. 25. July 25, 61 May 7, 64. Discharged. 2d Lieut. Aug. 
 21, 61; ist Lieut. Aug. 29, 62. V. 
 
 Umpleby, Chas. B. See Capt., Roster of Co. K. 
 
 Rowland, A. F. 25. Sept. 3, 62 Apr. 4, 64. Discharged, disability. 2d 
 Lieut. Sept. 3, 62; ist Lieut. July 18, 63 (not mustered). V. 
 
 Mackellar. Robt. F. 22. Sept. 5, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Discharged, disability. 
 Promoted from ist Sergt. Co. A to 2d Lieut. Mar. 8, 64; ist Lieut. June 
 i, 64 (not mustered). Wounded at Ft. Wagner. V. 
 
 Michaels, Jacob L. 22. Aug. n, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Promot 
 ed from Sergt. Co. F to 2d Lieut. Jan. 15, 65; ist Lieut. Apr. 6, 65. V.V. 
 
 SECOND LIEUTENANTS. 
 
 Vidal, Theo. C. See ist Lieut., Roster of Co. I. 
 Lippincott, Adon. See Capt., Roster of Co. D. 
 Morrell. Joseph. 20. Sept. 9, 61 June 20, 65. 
 
 Sergt. Co. I to 2d Lieut. Jan. i, 65. V.V 
 Laxey, John F. 23. Sept. n, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Promoted 
 
 from ist Sergt. Co. H to 2d Lieut. Apr. 16, 65. Wounded at Ft. Wagner. 
 
 Rec d the " Gillmore Medal." V.V. 
 
 FIRST SERGEANTS. 
 Holton, John. 21. Aug. 20, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Wounded 
 
 at Ft. Wagner and Cold Harbor. Rec d the " Gillmore Medal." V.V. 
 Selvage, John W. 18. Sept. 14, 61 Sept. 10, 63. Commissioned 2d Lieut. 33d 
 U. S. C. T.; ist Lieut. 36th U. S. C. T., Mar. 14, 65; Capt. Nov. 6, 65. V. 
 
 SERGEANTS. 
 
 Anderson, H. E. 21. Sept. 21, 61 July 10, 64. Wounded at 
 
 Olustee. V.V. 
 
 Cox, Bernard. 20. Feb. 20, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 Cummings, M. J. 19. Jan. 12, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Wound 
 ed at Olustee. V. 
 
 Dandy, James H. See 2d Lieut., Roster of Co. G. 
 
 Depuy, Jacob R. 26. Aug. 28, 61 July 18, 63. Killed in action at Ft. Wag 
 ner. V. 
 
 Erickson, Peter. 26. Oct. 21, 63 Sept. i, 65. 
 ed twice in the field, Va. S. 
 
 Ferrigan, John. 29. Oct. 22, 63 Sept. i, 65. 
 
 Giles, John. See ist Lieut., Roster of Co. I. 
 
 Keenan, James M. See 2d Lieut., Roster of Co. I. 
 
 Owens, Saml. J. 20. Sept. 14, 61 June 13, 65. Wounded at 
 
 Ft. Wagner, Deep Bottom, and Wilmington. V.V. 
 
 Paddock, Zachariah, Jr. See Quartermaster, Roster of Field and Staff. 
 
 Smith, Peter W. See ist Lieut., Roster of Co. K. 
 
 Van Tassel, Thos. M. See 2d Lieut., Roster of Co. I. 
 
 Muster-out of Regt. Wound- 
 Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
256 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 COMPANY B Continued. 
 
 CORPORALS. 
 
 Atwood, Freeman. 27. Aug. 17, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. Wounded 
 at Ft. Wagner. V. 
 
 Bennett, Thomas. See Musician, Roster of Co. D. 
 
 Bogart, David S. 21. Sept. 26, 64 June 26, 65. S. 
 
 Buckel, George F. 19. Jan. 20, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 Crowley, John. 16. Sept. 15, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. Wounded 
 at Drewry s Bluff. V. 
 
 Duran, George. 23. Sept. 10, 61 Oct. 19, 62. Died of wounds rec d near 
 Bluffton V. 
 
 Gardner, John. 35. July 28, 61 July 18, 63. Killed in action at Ft. Wag 
 ner. V. 
 
 Hamilton, James. 20. June n, 65 Missing from Raleigh, Aug. 2, 
 
 65. S. 
 
 Harruseker, Philip. 29. Jan. n. 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 
 Hyers, Alexander. 18. Aug. 4, 61 Sept. 30, 63. Died of wounds rec d at Ft. 
 Wagner. V. 
 
 Mason, Isaac J. 31. Sept. 3, 61 July 18, 63. Killed in action at Ft. Wag 
 ner. V. 
 
 McCloud, Wm. 19. Aug. 19, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Wounded 
 at Ft. Wagner. V.V. 
 
 McConnell, Wm. 21. Feb. 20, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 Murphy, John. 26. Jan. 20, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 Queal. Richard. 18. Aug. 22, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. V. 
 
 Rill, George. 41. Dec. 22, 63 Sept. i, 65. Muster out of Regt. V. 
 
 Rogers, Samuel. 25. Sept. 23, 63 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 Truesdell, George. 18. Aug. 27, 61 July 18, 63. Killed in action at Ft. 
 Wagner. V. 
 
 Wadhams, Sidney. 25. Sept. 5, 61 July 18, 63. Killed in action at Ft. 
 Wagner. V. 
 
 Weeks, Timothy R. 22. Aug. 26, 61 April 30, 62. Disability. V. 
 
 Wood, Robert. 26. Feb. 21, 65 Missing from Raleigh, June 28, 
 
 65. S. 
 
 MUSICIANS. 
 
 Johnson, David. 17. Aug. 10, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. V. 
 Raynor, James H. 17. Aug. 10, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V.V. 
 Brown, Wm. 18. Aug. 10, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Wounded 
 at Ft. Wagner. V.V. 
 
 WAGONER. 
 Howell, George. 20. Aug. 14, 61 Sept. r, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V.V. 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 Amon, Henry. 20. Sept. 8, 61 Aug. 9, 65. Disability. V.V. 
 Alexander, Wm. 44. Sept. 4, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V.V. 
 Ansel, John. 30. Sept. n, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V.V. 
 Angel, Daniel. 20. Aug. 6, 62 June 26, 65. Wounded at Olustee. V. 
 
 Allen, Chas. 48. Aug. 23, 61 Sept. 4, 63. Died a prisoner at Ft. Church. V. 
 Bragg, Henry. 24. May, 62 May 6, 65. Disability. Wounded and taken 
 
 prisoner at Deep Bottom. V. 
 
 Burns, James. 23. Feb. 20, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Bower, Frederick. 22. Jan. 19, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Bath, George. 37. Oct. 24, 61 October 24, 64. Disability. V. 
 Buckhardt, Martin. 40. Oct. 24, 61 Oct. 24, 64. Exp n of service. V. 
 Brassel, David. 20. Sept. 6, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. fc V. 
 Birdsall, James. 16. Aug. 21, 61 Oct. 18, 61. Disability. V. 
 
ROSTER AND RECORD. 
 
 COMPANY B Continued. 
 
 PRIVATES Continued. 
 
 Burns, Chas. 20. Sept. 26, 64 June 26, 65. S. 
 
 Boyle, James. 35. Jan. 19, 65 May 5, 65. S. 
 
 Bragg, Cornelius. Wounded and taken prisoner at 
 
 Deep Bottom. V. 
 
 Brennan, Edward. 42. Aug. 15, 61 Trans, to Veteran Reserve 
 
 Corps. V. 
 
 Burns, Edward. 42. Aug. 4, 61 Trans, to Veteran Reserve Corps. V. 
 
 Buckley, Thos. 19. Aug. i, 61 Aug. 23, 63. Died of disease on St. Helena 
 Island. V. 
 
 Bone, Peter. 31. Aug. 7, 61 Feb. 20, 64. Killed in action at Olustee. V. 
 
 Casper, Conrad. 25. Oct. 21, 63 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Wounded; 
 at Olustee. S. 
 
 Charbonnault, Francis. 30. Feb. 21, 65. Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 Cusick, John. 19. Jan. n, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 Coutant, Cornelius. 23. Aug. 28, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V.V. 
 
 Corry, James. 27. Aug. 20, 61 Oct. 18, 61. Disability. V. 
 
 Conover, John. 27. Aug. 20, 61 Oct. 18, 61. Disability. V. 
 
 Colgan, Hugh. 41. Aug. 28, 61 April 30, 62. Disability. V. 
 
 Coffee, Martin. 24. Aug. 23, 61 Oct. 21, 64. Exp n of service. Taken pris 
 oner at Ft. Wagner. V. 
 
 Coffee, John. 19. Aug. 27, 61 Oct. 21, 64. Exp n of service. Taken pris 
 oner at Ft. Wagner. V. 
 
 Colgan, Philip. 43. Jan. 7, 64 Dec. 8, 64. Disability. S. 
 
 Clegg, James. 32. Dec. 21, 61 Dec. 21, 64. Exp n of service. V. 
 
 Carew, Michael. 28. April 21, 62 April 21, 65. Exp n of service. Wounded 
 at Deep Bottom. V. 
 
 Curtis, John. 28. Aug. 29, 61 Supposed killed at Ft. Wagner. V. 
 
 Cook, John. 21. Aug. 16, 61 Missing, Washington, Sept. 18, 61. V. 
 
 Coombs, Oscar. 30. Feb. 26, 65 Missing, Cox s Ferry, Mar. 21, 65. S. 
 
 Dougherty, John. 20. Aug. i, 61 Sept. I, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V.V. 
 
 Diens, Christopher. 21. Jan. 19, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 Drake, Leroy. 18. Jan. 16, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt, S. 
 
 Daley, Henry. 20. Mar. 25, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 Davenport, John. 19. Jan. 26, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 Dishman, Richard. 19. Sept. 21, 64 June 26, 65. S. 
 
 Dunning, Smith. 39. Oct. i, 63 June 12, 65. Wounded at 
 
 Olustee. S. 
 
 Daley, Wm. 18. Jan. 9, 64 Trans, to Veteran Reserve Corps. 
 
 Wounded at Petersburg. S. 
 
 Dougherty, Thomas. 35. Sept. 3, 61 Mar. 9, 64. Died a prisoner at Rich 
 mond. V. 
 
 Donaghey, John. 28. Aug. 15, 61 Feb. 19, 64. Died a prisoner at Rich 
 mond; taken prisoner at Ft. Wagner. V. 
 
 Dyckman, Daniel J. 19. Aug. 20, 61 Supposed killed at Ft. Wag 
 
 ner. V. 
 
 Davis, Henry. 32. Jan. 5, 64 Supposed killed at Olustee. S. 
 
 Dunlap, Edward. 23. Sept. 2, 63 Missing from Hilton Head. V. 
 
 Dolan, Peter. 20. Jan. II, 65 Missing from Raleigh. Aug. 2, 65. S. 
 
 Ethinhausen, Balthazar. 28. Mar. 19, 62 Mar. 65. Exp n of service. V. 
 
 Fitterley, Westerley. 19. Feb. 18, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 
 Francis, Charles S. 22. Mar. 10, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 Freeman, Martin. 26. Mar. 10, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 Fox, George. 24. Mar. 8, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 Flannigan, John. 20. Aug. 27, 61 July 28, 64. Disability. Wounded at 
 Olustee. V. 
 
258 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 COMPANY B Continued. 
 
 PRIVATES Continued. 
 
 Frederick, Ernst. 32. June 2, 62 Jan. 2, 65. Exp n of service. V. 
 Foley, Francis. 20. Jan. 19, 65 Missing, Wilmington, Feb. 22, 65. S. 
 
 Finley, John. 33. Sept. 2, 63 Missing from Hospital, Sept. 28, 64. 
 
 Wounded at Deep Bottom. V. 
 
 Glenman, Thomas. 20. Jan. 19, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Gloyer, Glaus. 23. Jan. 10, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Gordon, George. 25. Jan. n, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 Gorr, Wm. 21. Jan. 19, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 Gallagher, Dudley. 35. Aug. 29, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. Wounded 
 
 at Olustee. V. 
 
 Gaynor, Geo. W. 43. Aug. 2, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. V. 
 Goebel, John. 25. April 30, 62 May 31, 65. Exp n of service. V. 
 Harvey, Richard. 18. Aug. 10, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. V. 
 Helt, Jacob Z. 24. Sept. 2, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. V. 
 Horton, Azariah. 18. Jan. 12, 64 Aug. 8, 64. Died at Andersonville. 
 
 Wounded and taken prisoner at Cold Harbor. S. 
 Hoffman, Fred k. 38. Sept. 2, 63 Died at Andersonville. 
 
 Wounded and taken prisoner at Olustee. S. 
 
 Holiher, John. 34. Oct. 21, 63 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Hable, Fred k. 25. Jan. 20, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Hazleton, Josiah. 20. Mar. 17, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Hall, Isaac. 18. Jan. 23, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 Harnacker. Valentine. 25. Jan. 23, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Haines, Willard. 17. Jan. 18, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Johnson, Wallace. 27. Jan. 9, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 Johnson, Wm. W. 24. Mar. 14, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 Jaquot, Nicholas. 45. Mar. 31, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Wounded 
 
 at Deep Bottom. V. 
 
 ackson, Alexander. 40. Aug. 5, 61 September 20, 64. Exp n of service. V. 
 acot, Philip. 20. April 23, 62 April 24, 65. Exp n of service. V. 
 ohnson, Wm. 31. Sept. 4, 63. April 18, 64, Trans, to Navy. S. 
 ess, Wm. 18. Sept. 10, 61 July 12, 62. Died of disease at Ft. Pulaski. V. 
 Jones, Chas. P. 19. Aug. 23, 61 May 7, 64. Killed in action at Chester 
 
 Heights. V.V. 
 
 Klein, Karl. 23. Jan. 19, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Xein, Wm. R. 29. Mar. 26, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 Kapps, Joseph. 44. Feb. 29, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt V. 
 Kenny, David. 21. Mar. 10, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Keisler, Paul. 24. Aug. 28, 61 Sept. 28, 62. Disability. V. 
 Klingheiser. Albert. 20. Oct. 2, 63 Feb. 15, 64. Died at Barber s Sta. S. 
 Kimble, Alfred. 20. Mar. 19, 65 Missing, Raleigh, June 15, 65. S. 
 
 Lynt, Jacob. 44. Oct. 25, 63 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Wounded 
 
 at Olustee. S. 
 
 Linderman, August. 20. Jan. 20, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S 
 Lott, August. 26. Jan. 20, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Lewis, Henry. 21. Mar. 10, 65 Sept. r, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Lawless, Patrick. 44. Aug. 21, 61 Trans, to Veteran Reserve 
 
 Corps. V. 
 
 Miller, Enoch. 23. Aug. i, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V.V. 
 Miller, Conrad. 23. Jan. 20, 64 July 19, 65. Disability. S. 
 Miller, Gottleib. 27. Jan. 21, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 McCarty, Daniel. 44. Aug. i, 61 Sept. i. 65. Muster-out of Regt. V.V. 
 McCarthy, Jeremiah. 27. Feb. 21, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Mclntyre, Cornelius. 28. Mar. 15, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Marks, John. 26. Feb. 10, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 
ROSTER AND RECORD. 259 
 
 COMPANY B Continued. 
 
 PRI VAXES Continued, 
 Murray, Joseph. 28. Oct. 3, 63 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Wounded 
 
 at Olustee. S. 
 
 Murray, John. 22. Mar. 10, 65 Sept. I, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Minie. Conrad. 20. Jan. 20, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Michlin, Chas. 25. Feb. 21, 65 July 19, 65. S. 
 
 Marks, John M. 23. Sept. 4, 61 Mar. 31, 62. Disability. V. 
 Morgan, Patrick. 44. Aug. 5, 61 April 30, 62. Disability. V. 
 Monaghan, Thos. 24. Aug. 26, 61 Sept. 16, 64. Exp n-of service. Wounded 
 
 at Cold Harbor. V. 
 
 McCarthy, Thos. 18. Jan. 19, 65 July n, 65. S. 
 
 McDonough, James. 27. Sept. 26, 64 Jan. 26, 65. S. 
 
 McGarry, Thos. 40. Aug. 19, 61 July 18, 63. Killed in action at Ft. 
 
 Wagner. V. 
 Madden, Daniel. 18. Aug. 15, 61 July 18, 63. Killed in action at Ft. 
 
 Wagner. V. 
 McDonnell, Owen. 22. Aug. 25, 61 June 2, 64. Killed in action at Cold 
 
 Harbor. V. 
 Maxwell, Robert. 27. Sept. 14, 61 May 30, 64. Died at Andersonville. 
 
 Wounded at Ft. Wagner, and wounded and taken prisoner at Olustee. V. 
 Madden, Thos. 27. Mar. 19, 65 Missing at Raleigh, Aug. 6, 65. S. 
 
 Murray, John. 25. June 20, 64 Missing, Wilmington, Mar. 3, 65. S. 
 
 Norton, Frederick. 33. Feb. 25, 65 Missing, Raleigh, April 2, 65. S. 
 
 Nugent. John. 35. Sept. 2, 63 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Wounded 
 
 at Olustee. S. 
 
 Nixon, John. 28. Aug. 27, 61 Sept. 28, 62. Disability. V. 
 Norton, John. 27. Oct. 30, 63 Dec. 7, 64. Disability. S. 
 Nice, John. 32. Aug. 27, 61 May 16, 64. Killed in action at Drewry s Bluff. V. 
 Noonan, John. 44. Sept. i, 63 May 16, 64. Killed in action at Drewry s 
 
 Bluff. D. 
 
 Owen, Wm. J. 26. Aug. 14, 61 Trans, to Veteran Reserve Corps. V. 
 
 Poulston, Wm. E. 20. Aug. 14, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V.V. 
 Peterson, Andrew. 23. Oct. 21, 63 Feb. 20, 64. Killed in action at 
 
 Olustee. D. 
 
 Pettyhoult, Herman. 21. Jan. 19, 65 Aug. n, 65. Died of disease at Ra 
 leigh. S. 
 
 Roberts, Robert. 35. Feb. 21, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Robertson, George. 23. Mar. 10, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Rahn, Frank. 42. Feb. 16, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 Riley, Patrick. 24. Aug. 19, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V.V. 
 Rile y, Luke W. 32. Sept. 7, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. V. 
 Risdon, Levi B. 18. July 29, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. Wounded 
 
 at Olustee and Cold Harbor. V. 
 Reinwald, Adrian. 26. Sept. i, 63 June 16, 65 Wounded and 
 
 taken prisoner at Olustee. V. 
 Rebereicht, Carl. 25. Aug. 26, 61 Trans, to Veteran Reserve Corps. 
 
 Taken prisoner at Ft. Wagner. V. 
 
 Ryan, John. 18. Aug. 27, 61 Oct. 23, 63. Trans, to Signal Corps. V. 
 Reignolds, Chas. 21. Oct. 23, 63 Feb. 20, 64. Killed in action at Olustee. D. 
 Scott, Charles. 21. Sept. 9, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Wounded 
 
 at Ft. Wagner and Deep Bottom. V.V. 
 
 Staafer, Carl L. A. 19. Jan. 20, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Snyder, Charles. 18. Jan. 16, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Stage, John H. 22. Aug. 14, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. V. 
 Sherwood, John R. 22. Jan. 4, 64 May 5, 65. 
 Sherwood, Edwin F. 19. Jan. 20, 65 June 27, 65. S 
 
26O FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 COMPANY B-Continued. 
 
 PRIVATES Continued. 
 
 Schmidt, Edward. 19. Dec. 19, 61 Sept. 27, 64. Disability. V. 
 Smyth, Daniel B. 18. Aug. 28, 61 Trans, to Veteran Reserve Corps. 
 
 Taken prisoner at Ft. Wagner. V. 
 
 Stephenson, John. See Prin. Mus n, Roster of Non.-Com. Staff. V. 
 Silvers, Joseph H. 24. Aug. 28, 61 Trans, to Veteran Reserve 
 
 Corps. Wounded and taken prisoner at Ft. Wagner. V. 
 Smith, Wilbur F. 22. Sept. 8, 61 June i, 62. Died of disease at Ft. Pu- 
 
 laski. V. 
 
 Silcocks, Isaac. 18. Sept. 14, 61 Aug. 16, 64. Killed in action at Straw 
 berry Plains. Wounded at Ft. Wagner. V. 
 Smith, Andrew. 41. Aug. 16, 61 Missing from furlough to New 
 
 York, April 30, 64. V.V. 
 
 Stenson, John. 21. Jan. 19, 65 Missing from Raleigh, July 10, 65. S, 
 
 Stenkhoff, Andrew. 29. Feb. 21, 65 Missing, Raleigh, July id, 65 S. 
 
 Saunders, Andrew. 39. Feb. 21, 65 Missing from Raleigh, Aug. 
 
 18, 65. S. 
 Sumerbarr, Peter V. 35. Feb. 21, 65 Missing from Cox s Ferry, 
 
 Mar. 27, 65. S. 
 
 Travis, Daniel J. 25. Aug. 26, 61 Aug. 30, 65. V.V. 
 
 Toner, Peter. Wounded at Olustee and Chester Heights. V. 
 
 Travis, Chas. 25. Aug. 20, 61 Sept. 16, 64. Exp n of service. Wounded at 
 
 Ft. Wagner. V. 
 
 Tiernan, Thos. 35. Sept. 4, 63. April 18, 64, Trans, to Navy. V. 
 Truesdale, James. 18. Aug. 6, 61 Missing from furlough to New 
 
 York, May 8, 65. V.V. 
 
 Wise, John. 20. Jan. 20, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Watkins, Wm. W. "31. Aug. 8, 62 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 Williams, Austin F. 25. Jan. 19, 65 Sept. i, 65, Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Williams, Frank. 26. Sept. i, 63 Jan. 19, 64. Wounded at Ft. 
 
 Wagner. V. 
 Wilday, John. 18. Sept. 5, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. Wounded 
 
 and taken prisoner at Ft. Wagner. V. 
 Wallace, James. 29. Oct. 21, 63 Aug. 65. Wounded at 
 
 Olustee and Strawberry Plains. V. 
 Weishert, Adam. 43. Aug. u, 61 Sept. 16, 64. Exp n of service. Wounded 
 
 at Ft. Wagner. V. 
 
 Whalen, John. 28. Feb. 21, 65 June 23, 65. Disability. S. 
 Wolston, Alfred. 26. Oct. 21, 63. April 18, 64. Trans to Navy. V. 
 Williams, Isaac. 26. Oct. 21, 63. April 18, 64, Trans, to Navy. Wounded at 
 
 Olustee. V. 
 
 Weber, Henry J. 38. Aug. i, 61 Trans, to Veteran Reserve Corps. V. 
 
 Weiss, Henry. 39. Jan. 18, 62 Sept. i, 64. Died at Hampton. Wounded 
 
 at Deep Bottom. V. 
 
ROSl ER AND RECORD. 26 1 
 
 COMPANY C. 
 
 CAPTAINS. 
 
 Farrell, James. 37. July u, 61 July 18, 63. Killed in action at Ft. Wagner, 
 
 Capt. Sept. 10, 61. V. 
 Moser, Saml. H. 24. Aug. I, 61 May 16, 64. Killed in action at Drewry s 
 
 Bluff. Promoted from Sergt.-Maj. to 2d Lieut. Co. A Jan. 18, 62; to 1st 
 
 Lieut. Jan. 26, 63; Capt. Aug. 28, 63. Wounded at Olustee. V. 
 Taylor, Jos. R. 21. April 7, 62 Nov. 3, 64. Discharged. Promoted from 
 
 Private Co. F to Quartermaster Sergt. ; to 2d Lieut. Mar. 7. 63; ist Lieut. 
 
 Co. E July 18, 63; Capt. May 26, 64. Wounded at Ft. Wagner, Olustee, 
 
 Drewry s Bluff, and Cold Harbor. V. 
 Ferguson, Asa H. 38. Aug. 5, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. 2d 
 
 Lieut. Co. A Aug. 31, 61; Capt. Co. I Jan. 18, 62. Resigned Apr. 5, 64. 
 
 Re-commissioned, Sept. 13, 64. V. 
 
 FIRST LIEUTENANTS. 
 
 Macardle, George. 24. July 20, 61 Apr. 29, 62. Resigned, ist Lieut. Sept. 
 10. 61. V. 
 
 Hatfield, Townsend L. 21. Aug. I, 6r Jan. 20, 64. Commissioned ist Lieut. 
 Signal Corps. 2d Lieut. Sept. 10, 61; ist Lieut. Dec. 29, 62; Capt. Aug. 
 28, 63 (declined). V. 
 
 Edwards, Robert S. 24. Aug. i, 61 July 18, 63. Killed in action at Ft. Wag 
 ner. 2d Lieut. Co. E Aug. 21, 61; ist Lieut. Apr. 29, 62. V. 
 
 Ingraham, Aaron H. 22. Aug. 20, 61 June i, 64. Killed in action at Cold 
 Harbor. Promoted from Corpl. Co. G to Quartermaster Sergt. ; to 2d Lieut. 
 Jan. 26, 63; ist Lieut. Aug. 28, 63. V. 
 
 Edwards, Roger. 21. Aug. i, 61 Sept. 12, 64. Discharged. Promoted from 
 ist Sergt. Co. H to 2d Lieut. July 18, 63; ist Lieut. Mar. 8, 64. Wounded 
 at Ft. Wagner and Drewry s Bluff. V. 
 
 Himrod, James. 25. Aug. 24, 61 Oct. 4, 64. Dismissed. Promoted from 
 ist Sergt. Co. A. to 2d Lieut. Apr. 4, 64; ist Lieut. Aug. 16, 64 (not mus 
 tered). V.V. 
 
 Lang, Henry. See Capt., Roster of Co. D. 
 
 Roys, Chas. H. 24. Oct. 14, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. ist Lieut. 
 Oct. 14, 64; Brevet Capt. and Maj. U. S. V. Trans, from H7th N. Y. V. V. 
 
 SECOND LIEUTENANTS. 
 
 Acker, Henry See ist Lieut., Roster of Co. K. 
 
 Barney, Edwin J. 18. Sept. 2, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Pro 
 moted from Private of Co. A to Quartermaster Sergt.; to 2d Lieut. Jan. i, 
 65. V.V. 
 
 FIRST SERGEANTS. 
 
 Schultz, Harman C. See ist Lieut., Roster of Co. A. 
 
 Vanderbilt, John. 38. Aug. 25, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. Wounded 
 
 at Olustee. V. 
 Nevin, Samuel. 24. Aug. 26, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V.V. 
 
 18 
 
262 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 COMPANY C Continued. 
 
 SERGEANTS. 
 
 Charters, John. 19. Aug. 27, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V.V. 
 Cropsey, George H. 19. Aug. 6, 61 Mar. 13, 65. Died at Wilmington. 
 
 Wounded at Ft. Wagner. Taken prisoner in front of Petersburg. V.V. 
 Frankenberg, Sanford H. 23. Aug. 25, 61 June 8, 64. Disability. Wounded 
 
 at Ft. Wagner. V. 
 Hart, Patrick. 19. Aug. 26, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Wounded 
 
 at Ft. Wagner. V.V. 
 Lawrence, John T. 20. Sept. 9, 61 July 10, 63. Killed in action at Morris 
 
 Island. V. 
 Mack, Michael. 23. Sept. 2, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Wounded 
 
 at Ft. Wagner. V.V. 
 Nesbitt, James A. 18. Aug. 20, 62 Aug. 18, 65. Exp n of service. Taken 
 
 prisoner on Morris Island. V. 
 
 O Brien, Jeremiah. See ist Lieut., Roster of Co. K. 
 
 O Brien, Patrick. 23. Sept. 3, 61. Wounded at Cold Harbor. V. 
 
 Richardson, Wm. 19. Aug. 9, 61. Died at home on furlough. Wounded at 
 
 Petersburg mine explosion. V. 
 Williams, George. 19. Feb. 21, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 CORPORALS. 
 
 Bender, Oscar N. 20. Aug. 17, 61 Oct. 13, 63. Trans, to Signal Corps. V. 
 Bond, Lorenzo. 23. Sept. 5, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. Wounded 
 
 at Morris Island and Olustee. V. 
 Britton, Dayton. 42. Aug. 15, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. Wounded 
 
 at Ft. Wagner. V. 
 Davis, Theodore. 37. Aug. 24. 61 Sept. 65. Died a prisoner. Wounded at 
 
 Ft. Wagner. Taken prisoner at Olustee. V. 
 Groser, Sidney A. 21. Sept. 2, 61 Jan. 2, 63. Commissioned 2d Lieut. 
 
 I40th N. Y. V. V. 
 Groser, Thomas. 21. Sept. 2, 61 Sept. 65. Disability. Wounded and taken 
 
 prisoner at Olustee. V. 
 Harrington, Thos. 34. Aug. 30, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. Wounded 
 
 at Olustee. V. 
 
 Hulburt, Joseph B. 24. Jan. n, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 Lawrence, Edward. 18. Jan. 21, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Mason, John. 44. Sept. 5, 61 June 2, 65. Wounded at 
 
 Ft. Wagner. V.V. 
 O Brien, John. 24. Feb. 19, 63 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Wounded 
 
 at Ft. Wagner. V. 
 
 Plummer, John W. 33. Jan. 19, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Rost, Benjamin. 37. Feb. 15, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Smith, Phillip. 24. Feb. 14, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Trainer, John. 21. Oct. 30, 63 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 Tuttle, George H. 21. Aug. 9, 61 Jan. 28, 64. Trans, to Invalid Corps. V. 
 Welch, John P. 19. Aug. 7, 61 July 16, 62. Commissioned Assistant-En 
 gineer in Navy. V. 
 
 MUSICIANS. 
 
 Raymond, Geo. W. 16. Aug. 2, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V.V. 
 Riley, John. 13. Aug. 8, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V.V. 
 Hibson, Joseph C. 19. Aug. 21, 61 July 10, 64. Disability. Wounded at 
 Ft. Wagner. V.V. 
 
 WAGONER. 
 Henry, Jacob. 34. Aug. 22, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. V. 
 
FOSTER AND RECORD. 263 
 
 COMPANY C Continued. 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 Albert, Charles. 28. Sept. 2, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. V. 
 
 Aldridge, Henry. 26. Feb. 21. 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 Bennett, Thomas. 19. Aug. 6, 61 July 18, 63. Killed in action at Ft. Wag 
 ner. V. 
 
 Buckley, Thomas. 19. Aug. 6, 61 July 18, 63. Killed in action at Ft. Wag 
 ner, y. 
 
 Belts, Daniel C. 20. Aug. 6, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Wounded 
 at Morris Island. V.V. 
 
 Barrett, Thomas. 27. Sept. 2, 61 Aug. 12, 64. Disability. Wounded at 
 Olustee. V. 
 
 Burns, John. 19. Aug. 20, J 6i Aug. 12, 64. Disability. V. 
 
 Boyle, Bernard. 40. Aug. 19, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. Wounded 
 at Ft Wagner. V. 
 
 Bertino, Jules. 31. Jan. 27, 62 Mar. 9, 65. Exp n of service. V. 
 
 Boyce, Dennis. 18. Mar. 3, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 Beith, James. See Roster of Co. I. 
 
 Bondv, John J. 19. Aug. 21, 61 July 18, 63. Killed in action at Ft. Wagner. 
 V. 
 
 Becker, George P. See Commissary Sergt., Roster Non-Com. Staff. 
 
 Buck, George H. 18. Jan. 28, 64 June 2, 64. Killed in action at Cold 
 Harbor. V. 
 
 Buckley, R. D. 18. Jan. 19, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 Bauer, Joseph. 26. Jan. 21, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 Ball, John. 18. Feb. 21, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 Brooks, James. 23. Feb. 17, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 Burke, James. 18. Feb. 15, 65 Sept. I, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 Bennett, Othello. 18. Feb. 22, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 Bush, Louis. 40. Jan. 22, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster out of Regt. S. 
 
 Boyd, Louis A. 34. Feb. 4, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 
 Bateman. Marquis. 18. Jan. 5, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 Burkhardt, Henry. 17. "Mar. 9, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 Brower, William. 34. Mar. 9, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 Cassidy. Bernard. 34. Sept. 2, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. Wounded 
 at Ft. Wagner. V. 
 
 Conery, Edwin W. 19. Aug. 7, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. V. 
 
 Cox, James. 29. Aug. 26, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. Wounded at 
 Olustee. V. 
 
 Case. Thomas. 30. Aug. 25, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. V. 
 
 Carroll, Martin. 18. Aug. 19. 61 Feb. 20, 64. Killed in action at Olustee. 
 Wounded at Ft. Wagner. V. 
 
 Carroll, William. 32. Sept. 3, 61 Feb. 20, 64. Killed in action at Olustee. V. 
 
 Clougher, Hugh. 19. Jan. 20, 65 June 14, 65. Died at Raleigh. S. 
 
 Carroll, Peter. 44. Dec. 16, 63 Mar. 28, 65. Died of wounds received at 
 Wilmington. V. 
 
 Crotty, William. 35. Aug. 24, 61 Aug. 16, 64. Killed in action at Straw 
 berry Plains. V. 
 
 Corrigan, John. 35. Aug. 26, 62 Aug. 16, 64. Killed in action at Straw 
 berry Plains. V. 
 
 Clark. John. 30. Oct. 25, 63 Missing; supposed killed at Sanderson, 
 
 Fla., Feb. 12, 64. S. 
 
 Cervelia, Estermino. 29. Nov. 27, 61 Feb. 20, 64. Killed in action at 
 Olustee. V. 
 
 Clancy, James. 21. Aug. 21, 61 May 14, 65. Wounded and 
 
 taken prisoner at Ft. Wagner. V.V. 
 
 Conley, Peter. 38. Feb. i, 65 Sept. 1,65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
264 FORTY-EIGH7^H REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 COMPANY^ C Continued. 
 
 PRIVATES Contimied. 
 
 Casselman, Allen F. 18. Jan. 2, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 Dempsey, Michael, No. I. 32. Aug. 27, 61 Dec. 29, 63. Trans, to Invalid 
 
 Corps. Wounded at Morris Island. V. 
 
 Danielson, John H. 34. Aug. 30, 61 Nov. 13, 64. Exp n of service. V. 
 Dempsey, Michael, No. 2. 45. Aug. 29, 61 May 5, 65. Wounded 
 
 at Morris Island. V.V. 
 Dillion, Patrick. 39. Sept. 6, 61 June i, 64. Killed in action at Cold 
 
 Harbor. V. 
 Dalton, Patrick. 41. Aug. 26, 61 Mar. n, 62. Drowned in Cooper River, 
 
 S. C. V. 
 
 Davis, George. 18. Feb. 15, 65 May 8, 65. Died at Raleigh. S. 
 Daniels, Mark, Jr. 22. Feb. 24, 65 Missing at Raleigh, Aug. 13, 
 
 65. S. 
 
 Damin, Elijah. 21. Mar. 24, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Wound 
 ed at Drevvry s Bluff. V. 
 
 Dolan, Michael. 19. April i, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Douglas, John. 28. Feb. 24, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 Egger, John. 26. Oct. 24, 61 June 8, 64. Disability. V. 
 Edsell, Charles. 27. Feb. 9, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 Fenwick, Peter. 21. Sept. 9, 61 July 18, 63. Killed in action at Ft. 
 
 Wagner. V. 
 
 Farrell, William. 20. Jan. 21, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Ford, Alfred. 18. Mar. 9, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Fryday, Martin. 43. Feb. 10, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 Griffin, James. 19. Aug. 26, 62 June 2, 65. Wounded at Ft. 
 
 Wagner. V. 
 
 Giles, Andrew S. 19. Jan. 29, 62 June 2, 65. Exp n of service. V. 
 Gorman, William. 24. Aug, 29, 61 Jan. 26, 64. Trans, to Invalid Corps. 
 
 Wounded at Morris Island. V. 
 
 Green, Nelson. 25. Mar. 9, 65 Sept. i. 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Hart, William. 40. Aug. 15, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. Wounded 
 
 at Chester Heights. V. 
 
 Hayes, Michaels S. 22. Sept. i, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. V. 
 Henderson, James. 23. Oct. 30, 63 Nov. 25, 64. Trans, to Navy. V. 
 Hyranemus, Zoble. 40. Ncv. 15, 61 June 2, 65. Exp n of service. V. 
 Hoist, Relo. 36. Sept. 26, 64 May 16, 65. Disability. S. 
 Headley, Henry. 36. Oct. 12, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Hughes, Robert. 32. Mar. 20, 62 June 2, 65. Exp n of service. V. 
 Heine, Rudolph. 32. Sept. 26, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. V. 
 Holmes, Lewis. See 2d Lieut., Roster of Co. K. 
 
 Horton, John. 23. Oct. 30, 63 May 5, 64. Died at Hampton. V. 
 Hereinsker, Dorio. 19. May 8, 62 June i, 64. Killed in action at Cold 
 
 Harbor. V. 
 Harrison, Edward. 35. Jan. 20, 64 Feb. 20, 64. Killed in action at Olus- 
 
 tee. V. 
 Herman, Adam. 38. Oct. 20, 63 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. 
 
 Wounded at Olustee. V. 
 Horten, Andrew. 25. Aug. 20, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. 
 
 Wounded at Deep Bottom. V.V. 
 
 Hutchinson, James. 18. Jan. 19, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Hart, James. 24. Feb. 21, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Herrule, Joseph. 26. Mar. i, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Hopkins, Aaron. 43. Feb. 28, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Jayne, Pembroke. 43. Feb. 28. 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
ROSTER AND RECORD. 26$ 
 
 COMPANY C Continued. 
 
 PRIVATES Continued. 
 
 Kane, Peter. 33. Aug. 16, 61 May 13, 65. Wounded at Ft. Wagner. V.V. 
 
 Kalligan, John. 30. April 12, 62 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. Wounded 
 at Deep Bottom. V. 
 
 Kane, Daniel. 24. Sept. 9, 61 July 14, 63. Killed in the trenches on Mor 
 ris Island. V. 
 
 King, Amasa. 18. Sept. 13, 61 Sept. 5, 63. Died a prisoner, of wounds 
 received at Ft. Wagner. V. 
 
 Knabe, Ernest. 19. Mar. 24, 62 June 28, 64. Died at Andersonville. 
 Wounded and taken prisoner at Olustee. V. 
 
 Kaylor, W. H. 19. Jan. 28, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. D. 
 
 Kopp, Mathias. 31. Jan. 20, 63 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 
 Kelly, John. 30. Feb. 14, 65 Sept. i. 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 Kent, Phillip. 18. Jan. 27, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 
 Kiernan, James. 22. Mar. 24, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 Killkenny, Francis. 23. Aug. 24, 61 April 18, 65. Trans, to Veteran Re 
 serve Corps. Wounded at Chester Heights. V.V. 
 
 Kenny, Jacob. 32. Aug. 30, 61 July 18, 63. Killed in action at Ft. Wag 
 ner. V. 
 
 Leavy, Dennis. 31. Aug. 21, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. Wounded 
 at Ft. Wagner. V. 
 
 Larkin, Phillip. 32. Aug. 20, 62 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. Wounded 
 at Ft. Wagner. V. 
 
 Lang, Henry. 41. Sept. 24, 62 Mar. S, 65. Exp n of service. Wounded at 
 Olustee and Cold Harbor. V. 
 
 Loyd, John Perry. 20. Feb. 12, 62 Sept. 20, 64. Wounded at Olustee 
 
 and Cold Harbor. V. 
 
 Love, John. 20. Sept. 3, 61 Aug. 26, 65. Wounded at Ft. 
 
 Wagner. V. 
 
 Laurie, Edward. 22. Jan. 21, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 Laudergen, Azeel. 24. Sept. 26, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 McCutcheon, Geo. W. 18. Sept. 16, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. 
 Wounded and taken prisoner at Deep Bottom. V.V. 
 
 Miller, Daniel. 39. Aug. 22, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. Wounded 
 at Ft. Wagner. V. 
 
 McVeigh, Patrick. 26. Aug. 24, 61 June 12. 63. Disability. V. 
 
 Mahoney, Cornelius. 26. Aug. 20, 62 Aug. 18, 65. Exp n of service 
 Wounded at Olustee. V. 
 
 Miller, Frederick. 21. Feb. 6, 62 Nov. 29, 64. Wounded at 
 
 Olustee. V. 
 
 McCully, Henry. 21. Nov. 16, ? 6i Nov. 29, 64. Wounded at 
 
 Olustee. V. 
 
 McMahon, Thos., No. i. 24. Aug. 9, 61 Jan. 26, 64. Trans, to Invalid 
 Corps. Wounded at Ft. Wagner. V. 
 
 Mason, William. 18. Aug. 29, 61 May 16, 64. Killed in action at Straw 
 berry Plains. V. 
 
 Marshall , John S. 45. Sept. 15, 62 July 18, 63. Killed in action at Ft. 
 Wagner. V. 
 
 Munch, Johann. 23. Nov. 13, 61 May 7, 64. Killed in action at Chester 
 Heights. V. 
 
 Muldrey, Thos. 19. Aug. 26, 61 June 2, 64. Killed in action at Cold 
 Harbor. V. 
 
 McCormick, John. 21. Aug. 28, 61 Missing on veteran fur 
 
 lough. V.V. 
 
 Murphy, Henry C. 20. Aug. ,27, 61 Disability. Wounded at Drewry s 
 
 Bluff. V.V. 
 
266 . FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 COMPANY C Continued. 
 P RI v ATE s Contin tied. 
 
 Murray, Patrick. 25. Sept. 10, 61 Missing from hospital Nov. 3, 
 
 64. V. 
 
 Mackey, William. 18. Oct. 20, 63 Sept. I, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 
 Morgan, William A. 18. Jan. 13. 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 Myers, Ernst. 32. Dec. 22, 62 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 
 Mayer, Andrew. 23. Jan. 23, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 Murphy, John. 27. Jan. 5, 6.4 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 Marrin, Richard. 24. Jan. 4, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 
 Mirlye, James. 38. Feb. 23. 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 
 Mullins, Francis. 18. Mar. 8, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 McClellan, Jas. W. 31. Jan. 20, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 McCormack, VVm. 27. Mar. 9, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 McMahon, Thos., No. 2. 22. Feb. 20, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 
 Neely, |ohn W. 19. Aug. 9, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. Wounded 
 at Ft. Wagner. V. 
 
 Nagle, Thomas. 29. Aug. 22, 61 June 2, 65 Wounded at Ft. Wag 
 
 ner. V.V. 
 
 Neff, Valentine. 20. Jan. 8, 62 Aug. 18, 65. Exp n of service. V. 
 
 Orsborne, Wm. S. 18. Sept. 10, 61 May 16, 64. Killed in action at Drewry s 
 Bluff. Wounded at Ft. Wagner. V. 
 
 O Brien. John. 34. Aug. 27, 62 Apl. 15, 65. Died at Wilmington. Wounded 
 at Ft. Wagner. Rec d the "Gillmore Medal." V. 
 
 Owens, Geo. K. 34. Feb. n, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 
 Parrott, Thos. 18. Aug. 24, 62 Feb. 20, 64. Killed in action at Olustee. V. 
 
 Purcell, John. 27. Feb. 14, 65 June 10, 65. Disability. S. 
 
 Pool, William. 38. July 19, 64 Missing at Raleigh, May 9, 65. S. 
 
 Pfhals, Christian. 39. Feb. 23, 64 -Sept. I, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 
 Rodgers, Patrick. 31. Sept. 3, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. Wounded 
 at Olustee and Drewry s Bluff. V. 
 
 Ryan, Tobias. 34. Sept. 8, 61 Jan. 26, 64. Trans, to Invalid Corps. 
 Wounded at Morris Island. V. 
 
 Riley, George. 25. Sept. 10, 61 Missing on veteran furlough, Feb. 
 
 6, 64. V.V. 
 
 Ryan, Michael. 24. Jan. 20, 65 Sept. i. 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 Ross, Edward. 18. Mar. 8, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 Reynolds. Geo. F. 18. Mar. 8, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 Raine, Watson. 18. Sept. 61 Aug. 65. Disability. Wounded at Olustee 
 and Deep Bottom. V.V. 
 
 Sullivan, Dennis. 22. Aug. 8, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. Wounded 
 at Ft. Wagner. V. 
 
 Sullivan, Michael. 19. Aug. 20, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. Wounded 
 at Ft. Wagner. V. 
 
 Sturges, Josiah. 18. Aug. 27, 61 June 2, 65. Wounded at Ft. Wag 
 
 ner and Olustee. V.V. 
 
 Shannon, Peter. 32. Aug. 26, 62 June 2, 65. Wounded at Ft. Wag 
 
 ner. V. 
 
 Schmidt, Philip O. 33. Mar. 28, 62 Mar. 28, 65. Exp n of service. Wounded 
 at Olustee. V. 
 
 Schaffer, Jacob. 25. Sept. 29, 64 June 2, 65. S. 
 
 Smith, John. 23. Aug. 24, 61 Jan. 26, 64. Trans, to Invalid Corps. -Wounded 
 at Ft. Wagner. Rec d the "Gillmore Medal." V. 
 
 Smith, John A. 19. Aug. 26, 61 July 18, 63. Killed in action at Ft. Wag 
 ner. V. 
 
 Sever, Randolph. 29. Oct. 30, 63 Died at Andersonville. Wounded 
 
 and taken prisoner at Olustee. V. 
 
FOSTER AND RECORD. 267 
 
 COMPANY C Continued. 
 
 PRIVATES Continued. 
 
 Saunders, Johann. 34. Mar. 25, 62 Aug. 16, 64. Killed in action at Straw 
 berry Plains. Wounded at Olustee. V. 
 Smith, Richard. 24. Oct. 28, 63 Missing at Sanderson, Fla., Feb. 
 
 12, 64. S. 
 
 Smith, James. 24. Feb. 14. 65 Missing at Wilmington. S. 
 
 Snow, Peter. 25. Feb. 13, 65 Missing at Raleigh, August, 65. S. 
 
 Sawyer, Chas. 18. Mar. 8, 65 Sept. I, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Shevlin, Daniel. 20. Jan. 21, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Setro, Louis. 23. Jan. 21, 65 Sept. I, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 S,tout, Frank. 18. Jan. 13, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Wounded at 
 
 Wilmington. S. 
 
 Shaw, Christopher. 30. Feb. 18, 65 July 31, 65. S. 
 
 Siddon, Henry. 18. Mar. 8, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Simpson, Wm. 25. Feb. 18, 65 July 15, 65. 
 
 States, Alexander. 26. Aug. 5, 61 July 15, 62. V. 
 
 Travel, John. 27. Sept. 6, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. Wounded at 
 
 Ft. Wagner. V. 
 
 Tallman, Henry. 22. Oct. 23, 63 May 18, 64. Trans, to Navy. V. 
 Terrins. George. 27. Apl. 8, 62 Apl. 8, 65. Exp n of service. Wounded at 
 
 Olustee. V. 
 Thompson, Saml. 34. Dec. 14, 63 May 14, 64. Trans, to Navy. Wounded 
 
 at Olustee. V. 
 
 Tobin, Dennis. 20. Feb. 21, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Tracy, Thomas. 19. Aug. 17, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V.V. 
 Treen, William. 18. Jan. 2, 63 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 Treen, John. 19. Dec. 15, 63 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V.- 
 Teter, Isaac. 18. Feb. 18, 65 Missing at Raleigh, Aug. 6, 65. S. 
 
 Vfrifer, Valentine. 31. Jan. 23, 65 July 17, 65. Died at Raleigh. S. 
 Westervelt, Albert B. 42. Aug. 30, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. V. 
 Warner, Isaac J. 18. Sept. 2, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. Wounded 
 
 at Ft. Wagner. V. 
 
 Wood, Edward W. 18. Aug. 20, 62 June 2, 65. V. 
 
 Whitson, Geo. 19. Aug. 20, 62 June 2, 65. Wounded at Ft. Wagner 
 
 and Olustee. V. 
 Woodward, R. F. 38. Aug. 26, 61 Oct. 26, 61. Trans, to 2ist Mass. 
 
 Vols. V. 
 
 West, Edward W. 32. Mar. 20, 62 Mar. 20, 65. Exp n of service. V. 
 Wilcox, Franklin L. 33. Dec. 14, 63 May 14, 64. Trans, to Navy. V. 
 Worden, Adelbert. 18. Jan. 19, 65 July 17, 65. Disability. S. 
 Wilson, George. See Roster of Co. K. 
 Wangerman, Chas. 36. Nov. 25, 61 May 4, 64. Died in Tallahassee. 
 
 Wounded and taken prisoner at Olustee. V. 
 
 White, John. 28. Feb. 14, 65 Missing at Raleigh, Aug. 9. 65. S. 
 
 Workman, John. 18. Feb. 14, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 White, William. 18. Feb. 14, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Wood, John H. 20. Feb. 23, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Watson, William. 18. Feb. n, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Wilson, Frank. 18. Mar. 9, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Young, John. 24. Feb. 15, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Youngs, Joseph A. 22. Aug. 20, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. V. 
 
268 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. K S. VOLS. 
 
 COMPANY D. 
 
 CAPTAINS. 
 
 Knowles, Daniel C. 26. July 13, 61 June 30, 62. Resigned, disability. 
 Captain Aug. 21, 61. V. 
 
 Paxson, James O. 26. July 24, 61 July 31, 63. Died of wounds received at 
 Ft. Wagner. First Lieutenant Aug. 21, 61 ; Captain July 18, 62. V. 
 
 Carlton, William J. 23. Aug. i, 61 Nov. 13, 64. Exp n of service. Pro 
 moted from Sergt. to 2d Lieut. Co. H Dec. 19. 61; ist Lieut. Co. D Feb. 5, 
 63 ; Capt. July 31, 63. Brevet Major N. Y. V. V. 
 
 Tantum, John M. 23. July 27, 61 Aug. 16, 64. Killed in action at Straw 
 berry Plains. Promoted from ist Sergt. to 2d Lieut. June 30, 62 ; ist Lieut. 
 May 22, 63 ; Capt. July 6, 64 (not mustered). V. 
 
 Lippincott, Adon. 22. Aug. i, 61 April 16. 65. Discharged, disability. Pro 
 moted from ist Sergt. to 2d Lieut. Co. B July 18, 63 : ist Lieut. Co. D May 
 16, 64 ; Capt. Nov. 3, 64. Brevet Major U. S. V. Wounded at Ft. Wag 
 ner, Olustee, Cold Harbor, and Ft. Fisher. V. 
 
 Lang, Henry. 35. Dec. 12, 62 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Promoted 
 from Sergt. Co. C to ist Lieut. Oct. 4, 64 ; Capt. Jan. i, 65. Wounded and 
 taken prisoner at Olustee. V. 
 
 FIRST LIEUTENANTS. 
 
 Bodine, John. 29. July 26, 61 Jan. 21, 63. Discharged. 2d Lieut. Aug. 27, 
 61 ; ist Lieut. June 30, 62. V. 
 
 Tuttle, William E. 18. Aug. 25, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Pro 
 moted from ist Sergt. Co. F to ist Lieut. Jan. i, 65. Wounded at Ft. Wag 
 ner. V.V. 
 
 Haney, James. 22. July 26, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Promoted 
 from Sergt. to 2d Lieut. Jan. i, 65 ; ist Lieut. April 13, 65 (not mustered). 
 Wounded at Strawberry Plains. V.V. 
 
 SECOND LIEUTENANTS. 
 
 McDougall, William. 21. July 29, 61 July 30, 64. Killed at Petersburg 
 mine explosion. Promoted from Sergt. to 2d Lieut. July 15, 64 (not mus 
 tered). V.V. 
 
 FIRST SERGEANTS. 
 Patterson, Geo. P. 22. Aug. 4, 61 Nov. 6, 63. Disability. Wounded at Ft. 
 
 Wagner. V. 
 Ware, David H. 18. Aug. 19, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V.V. 
 
 SERGEANTS. 
 Anderson, Peter F. 23. July 26, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. 
 
 Wounded at Olustee. V.V. 
 
 Ayres, Marcellus. 29. July 27, 61 Sept. 20, 62. Disability. V. 
 Abbott, John G. 22. July 30, 61 Aug. 7, 63. Died of wounds received at 
 
 Ft. Wagner. V. 
 
 Brash, Adam. 21. March 13, 62 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V.V. 
 Crammer, Geo. W. 19. Aug. 5, 61 July 18, 63. Killed in action at Ft. 
 
 Wagner. V. 
 Graham, John H. 19. Sept. 2, 61 June 30, 64. Killed in rifle-pits before 
 
 Petersburg. V. 
 Harbison, Chris. H. 25. Aug. 25, 61 Sept. 5, 64. Expiration of service. 
 
 Wounded at Ft. Wagner and Cold Harbor. V. 
 
 Hendricks, John. 26. Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V.V. 
 
 McCreaf, Chas. M. 21. Aug. 20, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt 
 
 Wounded at Strawberry Plains and Wilmington. V.V. 
 
ROSTER AND RECORD. 269 
 
 COMPANY D Continued. 
 
 SERGEANTS Continued. 
 
 McGuigan, Arthur. See 2d Lieut., Roster of Co. E. 
 
 Pimm, Levi. 28. Aug. 19, 61 Aug. 16, 64. Killed at Strawberry Plains. 
 
 Wounded at Ft. Wagner and in the field, Va. V.V. 
 Porch, William H. 19. July 24, 61 June i, 64. Killed in action at Cold 
 
 Harbor. Color Sergeant. V. 
 Speeler, Henry A. 18. Aug. 9, 61 Oct. 4, 63. Commissioned ist Lieut. 35th 
 
 N. J. Vols. Capt. April 12, 65. V. 
 
 CORPORALS. 
 
 Barton, George. 22. Feb. 25, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 Chester, William C. 23. July 24, 61 July 18, 62. Disability. V. 
 
 Cole, Aaron. 23. Aug. i, 61 Jan. 25, 64. Transferred to Invalid Corps. 
 
 Wounded at Morris Is. V. 
 Church, Stephen O. 19. Aug. 22, 61 Sept. 7, 64. Exp n of service. Taken 
 
 prisoner at Ft. Wagner. V. 
 Cottrell, John D. 22. Aug. 22, 61 April 12, 65. Trans, to Veteran Reserve 
 
 Corps. Wounded in the field, Va. V.V. 
 Duffle, Stacy K. 21. Aug. i, 61 July 31, 63. Died of wounds received on 
 
 Morris Is. V. 
 
 Doering, John. 28. Aug. 5, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. In Regi 
 mental Band. V.V. 
 De Camp, John C. 28. Aug. 24, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. 
 
 Wounded on Morris Is. and Chester Heights. V.V. 
 
 Jones, Robert. 28. Sept. 2, 63 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 McCullough, Wm. H. 16. Sept. 2, 61 May 12, 65. Disability. Wounded 
 
 at Strawberry Plains. V.V. 
 
 Owen, William. 18. Aug. 13, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. V. 
 Parkin, Paul. 19. Aug. 19, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V.V. 
 Styles, Barclay B. 20. Aug. 26, 61 May 27, 65. Disability. Wounded at Ft. 
 
 Wagner and wounded and taken prisoner at Strawberry Plains. V.V. 
 Smedley, John. 19. Jan. 10, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Schneider, Louis. 30. Jan. 23, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Smith, Charles. 22. Feb. 21, 65 Missing from Raleigh Aug. 2, 65. S. 
 
 Wagner, Oscar. 32. Jan. 20, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Woodside, John A. 23. Sept. 6, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. Wounded 
 
 at Olustee. V. 
 
 MUSICIANS. 
 
 Bennett, Thomas. 16. Aug. 26, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V.V. 
 Murther, James. 16. Aug. 3, 61 Aug. 29, 64. Exp n of service. Wounded 
 
 in the field, Va. V. 
 White, Thomas M. 24. Aug. 26, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. 
 
 Wounded at Ft. Wagner. V.V. 
 
 WAGONERS. 
 
 Croasdale, Robt. R. 31. Aug. 15, 6r Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. V. 
 Howell Caleb H. 19. Aug. 19, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V.V. 
 
270 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. V. S. VOLS. 
 
 COMPANY D Continued. 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 Allen, Enoch. 19. Sept. 2, 61 May 19, 64. Killed in action near Hatcher s 
 
 Run. V. 
 
 Applegate, Jacob. 19. Sept. 6, 61 Sept. I, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V.V. 
 Anderson, John. 21. Aug. 31, 63 Sept. I, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Wounded 
 
 and taken prisoner at Olustee. S. 
 
 Algiers, James. 18. Mar. 7, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Bechtel, .Joseph B. 18. July 26, 61 July 18, 63. Killed in action at Ft. 
 
 Wagner. V. 
 Bosworth, Daniel. 22. July 30, 61 July 18, 63. Killed in action at Ft. 
 
 Wagner. V. 
 Burroughs, Abram L. 24. Aug. 19, 61 June 16, 63. Died of disease at 
 
 Ft. Pulaski. V. 
 Bowers, Elijah. 19. Aug. 26, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Wounded 
 
 at Deep Bottom. V.V. 
 
 Brewer, Christopher. 27. Sept. 16, 61 May 5. 64. Disability. V.V. 
 Baitty, William. 23. Mar. 25, 62 Missing from veteran furlough, 
 
 May 30, 64. V.V. 
 
 Bowden, lames T. 19. Sept. 12. 62 Jan. 25, 64. Trans, to Invalid Corps. V. 
 Bailey, Thomas. 21. Oct. 19. 63 Apr. 26, 64. Trans, to Navy. S. 
 Bennett, Edward. 40. Sept. 16. 64. June 13, 65. Disability. V. 
 Burns, Thomas. 25. Jan. 19, 65 Sept. i. 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Brandt, Alois. 34. Jan. 20, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of R<>gt. S. 
 Blees, Nicholas. 30. Jan. 21, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Bogher, Louis. 27. Jan. 23. 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Burt, Allen. 29. Feb. 20, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Bond, John. 21. Feb. 21, 65 Missing from Raleigh, Aug. 2. 65. S. 
 
 Brean, Patrick. 18. Feb. 22, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Brennan, William. 23. Feb. 23, 65 June 9, 65. Disability. S. 
 Blackwell, John F. 21. Mar. 9, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Croasdale, Edward H. 21. Aug. 11, 61 Aug. 19. 64. Exp n of service. 
 
 Wounded at Ft. Wagner and Chester Heights. V. 
 Croasdale, Jonas P. 19. Aug. n. 61 Jan. 25, 64. Trans, to Invalid Corps. 
 
 Wounded at Morris Island. V. 
 Clifton, Daniel H. 20. Aug. 19, 61 July 18, 63. Killed in action at Ft. 
 
 Wagner. V. 
 Cole, Charles M. 25. Aug. 20, 61 Aug. 3, 63. Died of wounds received at 
 
 Ft. Wagner. V. 
 Clark, John. 19. Aug. 24, 61 June 16, 64. Died at Andersonville. Taken 
 
 prisoner at Ft. Wagner. V. 
 Curtis, Edwin S. 18. Sept. i, 61 Sept. 16, 63. Appointed to Military 
 
 Academy, West Point. V. 
 
 Corlies, David. 18. Sept. 9, 61 July 21, 62. Died of disease at Ft. Pulaski. -V. 
 Conover, John N. 20. Sept. 9, 61 July 5, 62. Died of disease at Ft. Pu 
 laski. V. 
 
 Casazza, Carlo. 18. Nov. 30, 61 Missing from veteran furlough. V.V. 
 
 Costello, James. 20. Sept. 24, 64 June 13, 65 Disability. S. 
 Carr, Philip. 34. Jan. 22, 65 Sept. i, 6.5. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Calligan, John. 3^. Jan. 24. 65 July 15, 65. Disability. S. 
 Drake. John. 22. July 30, 61 June 13, 65. Trans, to Veteran Reserve Corps. 
 
 Wounded at Cold Harbor. V.V. 
 Deming, Henry. 20. Aug. 31, 63 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Wounded 
 
 at Chester Heights. S. 
 Douglass, Samuel G. 26. Dec. 16, 63 -Aug. 30, 64. Died at Andersonville. 
 
 Wounded and taken prisoner at Olustee. S. 
 
ROSTEK AND RECORD, 2/1 
 
 COMPANY D Continued. 
 
 PRIVATES Continued. 
 
 Doctery, Jacob. 27. Mar. 8, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 Denny, Michael. 19. Mar. 9, 65 Sept. I, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 Donnahey, Jesse. 40. Mar. 30, 65 Sept. I, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 Emmons, Dallas. See Wagoner, Roster of Co. G. 
 
 Emmons. Conover. 22. Sept. 6, 61 Disability. Wounded at Olustee 
 
 and Cold Harbor. V.V. 
 
 Ellis, Samuel. 18. Oct. 19, 63 April 21, 64. Died of wounds rec d at Olus 
 tee. S. 
 
 Fielder, Francis A. 20. Aug. 23, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V.V. 
 
 Fitch, John H. 24. Sept. 3, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. In regi 
 mental band. V. 
 
 Farrell, James. 30. Oct. 19, 63 Missing from hospital at Baltimore. 
 
 Wounded at Olustee and Chester Heights. S. 
 
 Flynn, Lawrence. 44. Nov. 21, 63 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 
 Fields, Julius. 19. Sept. 23, 64 May 12, 65. Died of wounds. Wounded 
 at Chester Heights and Wilmington. S. 
 
 Feierabend, Egnaz. 38. Jan. 21, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 Flannigan, Morris. 42. Mar. 4, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 Giddis, Charles J. See Wagoner, Roster of Co. K. 
 
 Grimm, Joseph. 38. Apl. 10, 62 June, 64. Died at Andersonville. Wounded 
 and taken prisoner at Olustee. V. 
 
 Gunn, Charles VV. 31. Sept. i, 63 Apl. 26, 64. Trans, to Navy. S. 
 
 Green, Henry. 31. Sept. i, 63 May 19, 64. Died at Andersonville. Wounded 
 and taken prisoner at Olustee. S. 
 
 Graft, Benedict. 29. Oct. 19, 63 July 21, 64. Died at Andersonville. Wounded 
 and taken prisoner at Olustee. S. 
 
 Geller, Matthias. 27. Oct. 19, 63 June 28, 64. Died of wounds rec d in 
 front of Petersburg. S. 
 
 Gardiner, William. 34. Oct. 19, 63 May 8, 64. Died of wounds^ rec d at 
 Chester Heights. Wounded at Olustee. 
 
 Gardner, Peter. 38. Jan.. 9, 65 June 16, 65. Disability. S. 
 
 Gallagher, Hugh. 20. Jan. 21, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 Gorman, Patrick. 21. Jan. 21, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of. Regt. S. 
 
 Gogher, Martin. 25. Jan. 24, 65 Missing from Raleigh, Aug. 17, 
 
 65. S. 
 
 Goodwin, Charles. 18. Feb. 15, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 Hastings, Edward. See Principal Musician, Roster of Non-Com. Staff. 
 
 Howell, William J. 19. Aug. 19, 61 Aug. 20, 63. Died of wounds rec d 
 at Ft. Wagner. V. 
 
 Hillerman, John H. 18. Aug. 25, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. V. 
 
 Herbert, ]ames S. 19. Sept. 4, 61 May 27, 62. Died of disease on Daw- 
 fuskie Is. V. 
 
 Hartman, Peter. 29. May 25, 62 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 
 Huber, John. 42. Sept. 2, 63 Missing on retreat from Olustee. S. 
 
 Hill, John. 30. Sept. 2, 63 Apl. 26, 64. Trans, to Navy. S. 
 
 Hans, Peter. 22. Oct. 19, 63 Apl. 26, 64. Trans, to Navy. Wounded at 
 Olustee. S. 
 
 Higgins, Patrick. 19. Oct. 20, 63 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Wounded 
 and taken prisoner at Olustee. S. 
 
 Huth, Herman. 30. Jan. 23, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 Hill, Ezra. 19. Feb. 22, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 Harris, Clark. 18. Mar. S, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 Hinds, George. 31. Mar. 19, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 Jones, Thomas. 22. Aug. 4, 61 Disability. Wounded at Ft. Wag 
 
 ner (arm amputated). V. 
 
2/2 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 COMPANY D Continued. 
 
 PRIVATES Continued. 
 
 Jones, William. 18. Aug. 22, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V.V. 
 
 Jolet, Henry. 40. Apl. 19. 62 May 15, 65. Exp n of service. Wounded at 
 Olustee. V. 
 
 Jansen, Thomas. 32. Aug. 31, 63 Apl. 26, 64. Trans, to Navy. S. 
 
 Johnson, John. 20. Aug. 31, 63 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 Johnson, William. 34. Oct. 13, 63 July 19, 65. Disability. V. 
 
 Jones, Richard S. 18. Feb. 16, 65 July 19, 65. Disability. S. 
 
 Keen. John. 23. Aug. 20, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. V. 
 
 Kirscher, Matthias. 38. Feb. 14, 62 Feb. 19, 64. Died of disease. V. 
 
 Kelly, James. 23. Oct. 19, 63 Missing from Chapin s Farm, Nov. 
 
 7. 64. Wounded at Olustee. S. 
 
 Kaufman, Frederick. 30. Jan. 21, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 Lodge, Isaac D. 19. July 24, 61 Aug. TO, 63. Died of wounds rec d at Ft. 
 Wagner. V. 
 
 Larome, Louis. 21. Apl. 4, 62 Apl. 4, 65. Exp n of service. Wounded and 
 taken prisoner at Olustee. V. 
 
 Lantz, Albert. 27. Oct. 30, 63 Apl. 14, 65. Disability. Wounded at Straw 
 berry Plains. S. 
 
 Leroy, Jonas. 21. Mar. 19, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 
 Leavy, Thomas. 25. Mar. 31, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 
 Lantfy, Francis. 18. Jan. 19, 65 Missing from Raleigh, June 27, 
 
 65. S. 
 
 Lucas, Richard S. 30. Feb. 20, 65 Missing from Raleigh, Aug. 25, 
 
 65- S. 
 
 Lejoy, Joseph. 37. Mar. 3, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 Loughrey, John. 21. Mar. 26, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 Moon. Timothy. 20. July 27, 61 May 9, 65. Disability. Wounded at Ft. 
 Wagner, and taken prisoner at Bermuda Hundred. V.V. 
 
 McCreaf, Henry. 19. Aug. 19, 61 Aug. 18, 62. Disability. V. 
 
 Mounce, Charles W. 21. Aug. 25, 61 July 18, 63. Killed in action at Ft. 
 Wagner. V. 
 
 Mason, Abraham. 23. Aug. 27, 61 Taken prisoner at Ft. Wagner; 
 
 confined at Andersonville. V. 
 
 Magee, Abraham. 21. Sept. 2, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. V. 
 
 McDowell, Thomas. 18. Sept. 2, 61 July 10, 63. Died of wounds rec d at 
 Morris Is. V. 
 
 Mignon, Ernest. 39. Mar. 28, 62 Missing from furlough May 30, 
 
 64. V.V. 
 
 Martellerie, Bernard De La. 42. May, i, 62 May 7, 64. Killed in action at 
 Chester Heights. V. 
 
 McAlly, Hugh. 36. Sept. i, 63 Missing from Raleigh, Aug. 6, 65. 
 
 Wounded at Olustee and Drewry s Bluff. S. 
 
 Milroy, James. 33. Sept. 2, 63 Apl. 26, 64. Trans, to Navy. S. 
 
 Miiller, Christian. 33. Oct. 19, 63 May 28, 65. Disability. Wounded at 
 Strawberry Plains. S. 
 
 Minard. Jeremiah. Oct. 30, 63 May 15, 65. Disability. Wounded at Olus 
 tee and Strawberry Plains. S. 
 
 Murphy, Michael. Oct. 30, 63 Mar. 24, 64. Died of wounds rec d at Olus 
 tee. V. 
 
 Monroe, William. 19. Dec. 19, 63 Aug. 19. 65. Disability. V. 
 
 McCarty, James. 18. Jan. 28, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 
 Manson, William. 19. Feb. 18, 64 July 15, 65. Disability. V. 
 
 Matteson, Albert. 18. Feb. 18, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 
 Mattuschksy, Reinhold. 22. Sept. 22, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
ROSTER AND RECORD. 2/3 
 
 COMPANY D-Continued. 
 
 PRIVATES Continued. 
 
 Muller, Augustus. 21. Jan. 20, 65 May 5, 65. Died. Wounded at Straw 
 berry Plains. S. 
 
 McGrath, John. 23. Jan. 23, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Marshall, Cornelius. 18. Jan. 24, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Matthews, James. 22. Mar. 9, 65 Missing from Raleigh, Aug. 31, 
 
 65. S. 
 McDonald, William. 23. March 23, 65 Missing from Raleigh, Aug. 
 
 3i, 65- S. 
 
 Millis, George. 18. Feb. 17, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Newman, Isaac. 19. Sept. 26, 64 June i, 65. Disability. S 
 Oliver, Edward. 18. Feb. 8, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 Palmer, Abraham J. 15. July 24, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. Taken 
 
 prisoner at Ft. Wagner. V. 
 Pimm, John L. 24. Sept. 2, 61 Sept. , 63. Trans, to Veteran Reserve 
 
 Corps. V. 
 
 Purdy, Andrew C. 22. April 6, 62 April 25, 65. Exp n of service. V. 
 Perrenot, Frederick. 29. Nov. 29, 62 Missing from veteran furlough, 
 
 May 30, 64. V.V. 
 
 Pike, John. 22. Dec. 22, 63 Aug. 17, 65. Exp n of service. V. 
 Perkins, William. 44. Sept. 2, 63 June 30, 65. Died of disease. S. 
 Potter, Peter. 21. Oct. 19, 63 April 26, 64. Trans, to Navy. S. 
 Parshall, John B. 21. Dec. 19. 63 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 Priest, Rufus G. 18. Jan. 4, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 Pierson, Chester B. 42. Jan. 18, "64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 Plunkett, James. 28. July 30, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 Pray, Daniel. 30. Jan. 6, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. D. 
 Richman, George W. 17. Aug. 13, 61 July i, 64. Killed in rifle-pits before 
 
 Petersburg. V.V. 
 Ronk, John. 24. Sept. 2, 61 Jan. 27, 64. Trans, to Invalid Corps. Wounded 
 
 at Morris Is. V. 
 Reed, George H. 23. Sept. 9, 6r Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. Wounded 
 
 at Olustee, in the field, Va., and at Deep Bottom. V. 
 Royce, Eugene. 18. Jan. 4, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster out of Regt. V. 
 Reilly, Charles. 19. March 9, 65 Sept. r, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 Smith, William H. 22. Aug. 4, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V.V. 
 Sithen, Ziba. 30. Aug. 9, 61 June i, 63. Disability. V. 
 Souder, Elmer. 21. Aug. 25, 61 Dec. n, 63. Disability from wounds re 
 ceived at Ft. Wagner. V. 
 
 Scudder. Theodore. 21. Aug. 25, 61 April 24, 62. Disability. V. 
 Smith, Henry. 22. Sept. 2, 61 July 18, 63. Killed in action at Ft. Wagner. V. 
 Sibley, Edward. 23. Sept. 2, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. Wounded 
 
 at Olustee. V. 
 Spear, James. 22. Sept. 2, 61 Jan. 27, 64. Trans, to Invalid Corps. 
 
 Wounded at Ft. Wagner. V. 
 
 Smith, Samuel T. 18. Dec. 15, 61 Dec. 25, 64. Exp n of service. V. 
 Simonds, Joseph. 27. April 17, 62 April , 65. Exp n of service. Wounded 
 
 and taken prisoner at Olustee. V. 
 Smith, John. 44. Missing from veteran furlough, May 
 
 30, 64. V.V. 
 
 Shafer, John C. 28. Sept. 22, 64 June 13, 65. Disability. S. 
 Sharp, Horatio B. 18. Sept. 23, 64 June 13, 65. Disability. S. 
 Schultze, Ernst. 30. Jan. 20, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Styles, George. 19. Jan. 23, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Souderman, William. 30. Jan. 23/65 June 4/65. Died of disease at Raleigh. S. 
 
274 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 COMPANY D Continued. 
 
 PRIVATES Continued. 
 
 Spooner, Horatio B. 30. Mar. 6, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Sears, Benjamin F. 18. Mar. 6, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Seifort, Matthias. 35. Mar. 9, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Tunison, George W. 19. Mar. 14, 62 March 19, 65. Exp n of service. V. 
 Tailleur, Jean. 23. Missing from veteran furlough, May 30, 
 
 64. Wounded at Olustee. V.V. 
 Thomas, John. 19. Sept. i, 63 June , 64. Died at Andersonville. Wounded 
 
 and taken prisoner at Olustee. S. 
 
 Thomas, Charles H. 18. Mar. 2, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Voelters, Frederick. 42. Dec. 3/63 Died at Andersonville. Wounded 
 
 and taken prisoner at Strawberry Plains. V. 
 Wilgus, John L. 23. July 29, 61 Dec. 2, 63. Died at Richmond. Taken 
 
 prisoner on Morris Is. V. 
 Weed. Truman A. 20. Aug. 21, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. In 
 
 regimental band. V. 
 
 Worden, William H. 20. April 30, 62 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V.V. 
 Wagner, Avon. 18. Mar. i, 65 Missing from Raleigh, Aug. i6, 65. S. 
 
 Wagner, James H. 19. Mar. i, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Wilmurth, Peter P. 20. Mar. 9, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Zerwick. John. 24. Aug. 19, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Wounded 
 
 at Ft. Wagner. V.V. 
 
AND RECORD. 2?$ 
 
 COMPANY E. 
 
 CAPTAINS. 
 
 Coan, Wm. B. See Colonel, Roster of Field and Staff. 
 Nichols, Jas. M. 26. Aug. 8, 61 Sept. 12, 64. Exp n of service. 2d Lieut. 
 
 Co. G Aug. 26, 61; ist Lieut. Co. H June 18, 62; Capt. July 18, 63; 
 
 Brevet-Major, Lieut.-Col., and Colonel U. S. V. V. 
 Dunn, Jas. W. 23. Aug. 14, 61 Jan. 15, 65. Killed in action at Ft. Fisher. 
 
 Promoted from ist Serg. to 2d Lieut. July 15, 64; ist Lieut. Aug. I, 64; 
 
 Capt. Dec. 3, 64. Wounded at Ft. Wagner. V.V. 
 Garaghan, H. T. 18. Aug. i, 61 Sept. I, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Promoted 
 
 from ist Sergt. Co. H to 2d Lieut. Aug. 16, 64; ist Lieut. Nov. 12, 64 ; 
 
 Capt. Jan. i, 65. V. V. 
 
 FIRST LIEUTENANTS. 
 
 Hurst, Fred k. See Capt., Roster of Co. K. 
 Taylor, Jos. R. See Capt., Roster of Co. C. 
 Williams, Jos. M. 23. Mar. 15, 62 Sept. 25, 64. Resigned. Promoted 
 
 from Private Co. A to Quartermaster Sergt.; to 2d Lieut. July 6, 64; ist 
 
 Lieut. July 30, 64 (not mustered). V. 
 Orton, Chas. C. 23. Jan. i, 62 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Promoted 
 
 from Private Co. F to Com. Sergt.; to ist Lieut. Sept. 16, 64. V.V. 
 
 SECOND LIEUTENANTS. 
 
 Edwards, Robert S. See ist Lieut., Roster of Co. C. 
 Hale, Christopher. See Adjt., Roster of Field and Staff. 
 Acker, Henry. See ist Lieut., Roster of Co. K. 
 Giles, John. See ist Lieut., Roster of Co. I. 
 
 McGuigan, Arthur. 21. Aug. i, 61 July 20, 65. Resigned. Promoted from 
 Sergt. Co. D to 2d Lieut. Ap l 18, 65. V.V. 
 
 FIRST SERGEANTS. 
 
 Morton, George. See 2d Lieut., Roster of Co. G. 
 Fagans, Geo. W. See ist Lieut., Roster of Co. G. 
 Rumsey, Dubois B. See ist Lieut., Roster of Co. A. 
 
 Barnes, Julius. 20. Aug. i, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Wounded 
 at Chester Heights and Deep Bottom. V.V. 
 
 SERGEANTS. 
 
 Avery, Amos. 31. Aug. i, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Wounded at 
 
 Drewry s Bluff. V.V. 
 Brooksbank, George. 18. Aug. i, 62 May 3, 65. Wounded at Cold 
 
 Harbor. V. 
 Condon, Maurice. 27. Sept. i, 62 May 3, 65. Wounded at 
 
 Petersburg mine explosion. V. 
 Conity, Thomas. 22. Aug. i, 6i Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Wounded 
 
 at Deep Bottom. V.V. 
 Cook, George. 23. Aug. 10, 61 Sept. i, 64. Exp n of service. Wounded at 
 
 Olustee. V. 
 
 Cornwall, Fred. D. 18. Dec. i, 64 Sept. 1/65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 Danielson, William. 22. Aug. 20, 61 Feb. 18, 63. Commissioned ist Lieut. 
 
 33d U. S. C. T.; Capt. July 26, 63; Major I28th U. S. C. T., May, 65. V. 
 
276 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 COMPANY E Continued. 
 
 SERGEANTS Continued. 
 
 Fisher, Jesse. 23. July 24, 61 Sept. 63. Commissioned 2d Lieut. 33d 
 U. S. C. T. V. 
 
 Jones, Chas. A. 20. Aug. i, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Wounded 
 at Chester Heights. V.V. 
 
 Lawson, James. 34. Aug. 19, 61 Sept. i, 64. Exp n of service. Wounded 
 at Drevvry s Bluff. V. 
 
 McLaughlin, John. 24. Jan. 14, 65 Missing from Raleigh Aug. 16, 
 
 65. S. 
 
 Mooney, John. 25. Feb. 16, 65. Missing from Raleigh Aug. 16, 65. S. 
 
 Sears, Henry H. See ist Lieut., Roster of Co. H. 
 
 Snyder, Luke. See Sergt.-Major, Roster of Non.-Com. Staff. 
 
 Sweeney, James. See 2d Lieut., Roster of Co. K. 
 
 Thompson, John W. 27. Aug. 30, 61 Sept. i, 64. Exp n of service. De 
 clined commission 2d Lieut. Wounded at Olustee. V. 
 
 CORPORALS. 
 
 Anderson, Frank. 23. Feb. 22, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 Bates, Cornwall A. 20. Aug. 8, 61 July 18, 63. Killed in action at Ft. Wag 
 ner. V. 
 
 Bates, Dewitt C. 19. Oct. 19, 63 May 3, 65. Wounded at Ft. 
 
 Wagner and Ft. Fisher. V. 
 
 Bennett, Thos. 20. Aug. 26, 61 May 3, 64. V. 
 
 Brassell, Thos. 18. Aug. 8, 61 May 16, 64. Killed in action at Drewry s 
 Bluff. V.V. 
 
 Burton, John. 19. Aug. 9, 61 Sept. i, 64. Wounded at Ft. Wag 
 
 ner and Drewry s Bluff. V. 
 
 Chapman, Wm. 23. July 20, 61 Missing from Lee, Mass., Jan. 19, 
 
 65. Wounded at Deep Bottom. V.V. 
 
 Douglas, Robert. 22. Aug. 24, 61 Sept. i, 64. Exp n of service. Wounded 
 at Ft. Wagner. V. 
 
 Gardiner, Geo. R. 24. Aug. 15, 61 Sept. i, 63. Disability. Wounded at 
 Ft. Wagner. V. 
 
 Gray, Benjamin. 34. Aug. i, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Wounded 
 at Deep Bottom. V.V. 
 
 Hamilton, Alonzo R. See Quartermaster Sergeant, Roster of Non-Com-Staff. 
 
 Hynes, Chas. C. 34. Aug. 21, 61 July 18, 63. Killed in action at Ft. Wag 
 ner. V. 
 
 Johnson, Edward. 26. Aug. 30, 61 July 18, 63. Killed in action at Ft. 
 Wagner. V. 
 
 Major, Wm. S. 21. Aug. 19, 61 May 3, 65. Wounded at Deep 
 
 Bottom. V.V. 
 
 Mess.enger, Andrew. 23. Aug. i, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. 
 Wounded at Ft. Wagner. V.V. 
 
 Muldrey, Thomas. 19. Aug. 13, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. Trans, 
 from Co. I. V. 
 
 Muller, Francis. 22. Mar. 17, 65 Sept. I, -65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 Murray, Wells C. 37. Jan. 25, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 
 Sherman, Benj. 24. Mar. 16, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 Singleton, Thos. 18. Aug. 26, 61 -Mar. n, 62. Drowned in Cooper River. 
 S. C. V. 
 
 Smalls, Chas. F. 27. Sept. 2, 61 May 16, 64. Killed in action at Drewry s 
 Bluff. Wounded at Ft. Wagner. V. 
 
 Stapleton, Patrick. 22. Feb. 21, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 Wakefield, Edward. 44. Aug. 13, 62 May 3, 64. Wounded at 
 
 Ft. Wagner and Olustee. V. 
 
 Wilson, John R. 20. Mar. 10, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
ROSTER AND RECORD. 
 
 COMPANY E Continued. 
 
 MUSICIANS. 
 
 Stewart, John M. ig. Aug. i, "61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V.V. 
 Spell, VVm. H. 21. Dec. i, 63 Sept. i, 65. Muster out of Regt. V. 
 Shannon, George. 18. See Com. Sergt., Roster of Non.-Com. Staff. 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 Anderson, Robert. 27. Aug. i, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. 
 
 Wounded at Ft. Wagner and Drewry s Bluff. V.V. 
 
 Ashlener, Geo. 23. Mar. 10, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Andrews, Wm. 18. July 26, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of Service. V. 
 Abrams, Smith. 18. Aug. 27, 61 Disability. V. 
 
 Alldis, Henry. 20. Sept. 2, 61 June 30, 64. Killed in rifle-pits before Peters 
 
 burg. V.V. 
 
 Bennett, Henry C. 24. Feb. 20, 63 Aug. n, 65. V. 
 
 Brodt, Andrew. 27. , Oct. 19, 63 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 Brown, George. 34. Feb. 6, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Boudinot, Henry. 18. Aug. i, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V.V. 
 Brower, Jas. A. 18. Aug. 15, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. Wounded 
 
 at Cold Harbor and Olustee. V. 
 
 Berg, Christian. 43. June 9, 62 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. V. 
 Babcock, Warren H. 35. Feb. 13, 64 Sept. i, 64. Disability. V. 
 Brown, Joseph. 18. Aug. 24, 61 July 18, 63. Killed in action at Ft. Wag 
 
 ner. V. 
 
 Barry, James. 30. Jan. 23, 65 July 6, 65. Died at Raleigh. S. 
 Burkhardt, Joseph. 21. Nov. 29, 62 Feb. 20, 64. Killed in action at Olus 
 
 tee. V. 
 Bence, Edward. 24. Mar. 24, 62 Missing from New York, July, 
 
 64. V. 
 
 Bowe, Jas. 25. Jan. 10, 65 Missing from Wilmington, Mar. 65. S. 
 
 Bisson, Nicholas. 40. Feb. 23, "65 Missing from Raleigh, June, 
 
 65. S. 
 Bridges, Chas. 20. Feb. 24, 65 Missing from Raleigh, July 30, 
 
 65. S. 
 
 Bluer, August. 24. Feb. 24, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Colgan, John. 18. Aug. 10, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V.V. 
 Cassidy, Andrew. 27. Aug. 21, 61 May 15, 62. Died of disease on Daw- 
 
 fuskie Island. V. 
 Cops, Henry. 28. Aug. 21, 61 May 16, 64. Killed in action at Drewry s 
 
 Bluff. V.V. 
 
 25. 
 
 Aug. 13, 62 June i, 64. Killed in action at Cold 
 Feb. 27, 65 Missing from Raleigh, July 10, 
 
 Missing from Raleigh, Aug. 10, 
 
 Cook. Patrick H. 
 
 Harbor. V. 
 Carlton, Samuel. 29. 
 
 65. S. 
 Carl, George. 22. Feb. 22, 65 
 
 65. S. 
 
 Conway, George. 26. Sept. i, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V.V. 
 Conover. James. 18. Feb. 23, 65 Sept. i. 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Canon, Fred k. 18. Feb. 22, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Corley, John. 24. Feb. 17, 65 May 4, 65. S. 
 
 Church, Edward D. 18. Feb. 14, 65 July 18, 65. S. 
 
 Doty, Charles. 19. Aug, 17, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V.V. 
 Dillon, Isaac. 33. Sept. 7, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V.V. 
 Degarmo, Peter. 19. Feb. 24, 65 Disability. S. 
 Degarmo, George. 22. Aug. 10, 61 Aug. 6, 64. Died at Andersonville. 
 
 Wounded and taken prisoner at Olustee. V. 
 
278 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 COMPANY E Continued. 
 
 PRIVATES Continued. 
 De Arcey, Edward. 18. Mar. 20, 64. Died of wounds received at 
 
 Drewry s Bluff. D. 
 Dolan, James. 19. Aug. 26, 61 July 4. 64. Died at Andersonville. Wounded 
 
 and taken prisoner at Ft. Wagner. V. 
 
 Druba, Peter. 26. Feb. 24, 65 Aug. 6, 65. Died at Raleigh. S. 
 Dutil, Emile. 30. Mar. 27, 62 Missing from Raleigh, May, 65. V. 
 
 De Larey, Robt. 21. Jan. 14, 65 Missing from Raleigh, July, 65. S. 
 
 Dwyer, Williams. 20. Jan. 10, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Davidson, Williams. 30. Feb. 21, 65 Sept. I, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 De George, Chas. J. 29. Mar. 22, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster out of Regt. S. 
 De George, Joseph W. 18. Feb. i, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Dennis, Michael. 23. Feb. 22, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Darling, David. 27. Feb. 23, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 Davis, John. 18. Feb. 10, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 Evans, Andrew. 18. Aug. 19, 61 Sept. i, 64. Exp n of service. Wounded 
 
 at Ft. Wagner. V. 
 
 Eustis, Jacob. 20. Jan. 10, 65 Missing from Raleigh, Aug. 15, 65. S. 
 
 Emvisier, Alex. 32. Feb. 21, 65 Missing from Raleigh, July 21, 65. S. 
 
 Englebrecht, Aug. 19. Jan. 24, 65 July 18, 65. S. 
 
 Estrado, Henry. 22. Feb. 22, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Fay, Patrick. 22. Aug. 10, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. V. 
 Flint, Martin. 25. Feb. 20, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 Gallagher, Patrick. 40. Aug. 28, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. V. 
 Gillmore, Fred k. 21. Aug. 10, 61 July 18, 63. Killed in action at Ft. Wag 
 ner. V. 
 
 Graham, David. 28. Feb. 17, 65 Missing from Raleigh, July 4, 65. S. 
 
 Goldwaithe, Chas. 40. Aug. 17, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V.V. 
 Green, Wrn. C. 26. Feb. 13, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Wounded 
 
 at Drewry s Bluff. V. 
 Green, John. 44. Feb. n, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Wounded 
 
 at Drewry s Bluff. V. 
 
 Heath. Chas. 34. Aug. 20, 61 Mar. 31, 62. Disability. V. 
 Howell, James. 43. Aug. 15, 62 May 3, 65. Wounded at Wilmington. V. 
 Harting, John. 35. Sept. 13. 62 May 3, 65. Disability. V. 
 Hawkins, Wm. H. 22. Sept. 9, 61 Died at Richmond. Wounded 
 
 and taken prisoner at Ft. Wagner. V. 
 Hartinkein, Henrich. 22. April i, 62 May 5, 64. Died at Andersonville. 
 
 Wounded and taken prisoner at Olustee. V. 
 Hoff, Jacob. 21. June 12, 62 Oct. 30, 64. Died at Andersonville. Wounded 
 
 and taken prisoner at Olustee. V. 
 Henry, William. 28. Feb. 20, 65 Missing from Raleigh, May 30, 
 
 65. S. 
 
 Harrison, James. 27. Mar. 10, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Holtmier, Joseph. 30. Feb. 24, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Hawley, John. 27. Feb. 21, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Henry, Edward H. 23. Feb. 21, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Iden, Frederick. 22. Mar. 26, 62 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. 
 
 Wounded at Olustee. V. 
 
 Isner, Edward. 22. Feb. 25, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 Inroth, Gustave. 20. Sept. i, 65. Muster-out. of Regt. 
 
 Jockiss, Jacob. 36. Feb. 21, 62 May 16, 64. Killed in action at Drewry s 
 
 Bluff. V. 
 Johnston, John. 28. Jan. 10, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
ROSTER AND RECORD. 279 
 
 COMPANY E Continued. 
 
 PRIVATES Continued. 
 
 Joy, Thomas. 25. Jan. 10, 63 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Wounded 
 
 at Drewry s Bluff. V. 
 
 Kelly, James. 19. Sept. 23, 64 May 3, 65. S. 
 
 Kane, James. 30. Sept. 24, 62 May 3, 65. W dat Cold Harbor. V. 
 
 Kobath, George. 21. Sept. 14, 62 May 3, 65. W d at Cold Harbor. V. 
 
 Kelly, James. 25. Jan. 14, 65 Missing from Wilmington Mar. 65. S. 
 
 Kelly, Michael. 21. Jan. 2, 64 Sept. I, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 Kiechl, John W. 24. Jan. n, 65 May 3, 65. S. 
 
 Klein, Oscar. 34. Mar. 10, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Kleiss, Michael. 25. Jan. 14, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Link, Conrad. 41. Jan. 9, 62 May 3, 65. V. 
 
 Lambert, Thos. 19. Jan. 26, 65 May 3, 65. S. 
 
 Lorton, Alex, 19. Aug. 21, 62 May 3, 65. Disability. V. 
 Liebner, William. 37. Feb. 10, 65 May 3, 65. Disability. S. 
 Lorton, Horatio. 32, Aug. 21, 62 Dec. 27, 64. Died at Hampton. V. 
 Ladue, Garrison. 18. Aug. 13, 61 May 15, 63. V. 
 
 Lewis, John. 20. Jan. 10, 65. Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Leighton, George. 27. Feb. 28, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Lownas, John. 35. Mar. 10, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Lindsey, Richard. 23. Sept. 23, 64 Sept. I, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 Muldoon, Peter. 20. Aug. 21, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. Wounded 
 
 at Olustee. V. 
 Miller, Henry. 22. Aug. 28, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. Wounded 
 
 at Olustee. V. 
 
 McMahon, John. 29. Aug. 9, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. V. 
 Manly, Wm. T. 20. Sept. 9, 61 Sept. 21), 64. Exp n of service. Wounded at 
 
 Ft. Wagner. V 
 
 Monell, Peter B. See Hosp. Steward, Roster of Non-Com. Staff. 
 Minett, Louis. 35. Mar. 24, 62 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 Mathews, John. 18. Feb. 21, 62 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 Munda, John. 25. Sept. 26, 64 May 3, 65. S. 
 
 Mills, Charles. 20. Aug. 19. 62 63. Trans, to Navy. Received one 
 
 of the five medals awarded by Congress for bravery. V. 
 Messenger, Charles. 18. Aug. i. 61 63. Trans, to Invalid Corps. 
 
 Wounded at Ft. Wagner. V. 
 Mansfield, Charles. 18. April 2, 62 Missing from furlough, June, 64. 
 
 Wounded at Olustee. V. 
 McCann, Patrick. 23. Jan. 25, 65 Missing from Wilmington, 
 
 March, 65. S. 
 
 Malin. John. 25. Jan. 14, 65 Missing from Raleigh July, 65. S. 
 
 McCuliy, Samuel K. 29. Aug. 21, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. 
 
 Wounded at Drewry s Bluff. V.V. 
 McNally, Richard. 22. Aug. 21, 61 Sept. I, 65. Muster-out of Regt. 
 
 Wounded at Ft. Wagner and in the field, Va. V.V. 
 
 Mott, Martin, 20. Aug. 21, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V.V. 
 McCarthy, John. 22. Sept. i, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Wounded 
 
 at Drewry s Bluff. V.V. 
 
 Mayer, Anthony. 19. Jan. 10, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Maloney, Thomas. 22. Dec. II, 63 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 Mack, Cornelius. 20. March 10, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Miller, Louis. 19. Feb. 21, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Others, Alexander. 26. Apl. i, 62 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Wounded 
 
 at Olustee and Deep Bottom. V. 
 
280 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. V. S. VOLS. 
 
 COMPANY E Continued. 
 
 PRIVATP:S Continued. 
 O Brien, Michael. 21. Jan. 13, 65 Missing from Raleigh, Aug. 15, 
 
 65. S. 
 Ornd, Lewis G. 27. Sept. 22, 63 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Wounded 
 
 in the field, Va. V. 
 Pemberton, Harrison. 19. Sept. 2, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. 
 
 Wounded at Drewry s Bluff. V. 
 
 Pemberton, Henry. 42. Aug. 20, 61 63. Trans, to Invalid Corps. V. 
 
 Potter, Henry. 22. Aug. 18, 62 Aug. 21, 64. Died at Andersonville. 
 
 Wounded and taken prisoner at Olustee. V. 
 Post, Frederick. 19. Aug. 22, 61 Missing from New York 63. 
 
 Wounded at Ft. Wagner. V. 
 
 Powell, Wm. H. 18. Feb. 21, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Pope, John. 34. March 19, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Quinn, Daniel. 18. Jan. 10, 63 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Wounded 
 
 at Drewry s Bluff. V. 
 Raynor, Joseph B. 18. Aug. 9, 61 Disability. Wounded at Ft. 
 
 Wagner. V. 
 Rowell, Horace. 22. Sept. 2, 63 Missing from Gloucester, April, 64. 
 
 Wounded at Olustee. D. 
 Reed, George. 44. Jan. 4, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Wounded at 
 
 Drewry s Bluff. V. 
 
 Rosa, Moses. 28. Aug. 23, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 Rathbone, John. 18. Aug. 23, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 Richards, George. 18. March 15, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S 
 Ryan, William. 26. March i, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Stubbs, Peter. 21. Dec. 29, 63 May 7, 64. Killed in action at Chester 
 
 Heights. V. 
 
 Sheehan, James. 21. March 12, 62 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 Smith, Peter. 19. Aug. 27, 62 July 18, 63. Killed in action at Ft. Wagner. V. 
 Steinworth, Theodore. 24. Aug. 22, 62 May 3, 65. Wounded at 
 
 Drewry s Bluff. V. 
 Stanley, Lawrence. 35. Dec. 31, 63 May 3, 65. Wounded at 
 
 Deep Bottom. V. 
 Smith, Christopher. 26. Sept. 13, 61 July i, 64. Killed in rifle-pits before 
 
 Petersburg. V. 
 Smith, John S. 25. Sept. 2, 62 Sept. 3, 64. Died at Andersonville. Wounded 
 
 and taken prisoner at Olustee. V. 
 Smalling, George E. 19. Sept. 2, 61 Sept. 3, 64. Died at Andersonville. 
 
 Wounded and taken prisoner at Deep Bottom. V. 
 
 Stone, Walter. 25. Jan. 14, 65 Missing from Raleigh, Aug. 2, 65. S. 
 
 Schneider, John. 30. Feb. 9, 64 Missing from Raleigh, Aug. 17, 65. V. 
 
 Smith, Josiah. 20 Aug. n, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V.V. 
 Smith, Peter. 19. Dec. 22, 62 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Wounded 
 
 at Ft. Wagner and Ft. Fisher. V. 
 
 Shay, Everett. 34. March 10, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Shapzel, Fred. 35. March 9, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Trask, Edwin. 38. Jan. 2, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 Taylor, Frank B. 18. Aug. 23, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. Wounded 
 
 at Ft. Wagner. V. 
 Terry, Bryant B. 20. Aug. 27, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. Wounded 
 
 at Ft. Wagner. V. 
 Turfler, Francis A. 23. Aug. 27, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. Wounded 
 
 at Ft. Wagner. V. 
 
ROSTER AND RECORD. 28 1 
 
 COMPANY E Continued. 
 
 PRIVATES Continued. 
 Vreeland, Abraham. 21. Aug. 26, 61 May 16, 64. Killed in action at 
 
 Drewry s Bluff. Wounded at Ft. Wagner. V. 
 Vasey, Thomas. 20. Aug. 8, 61 July 18, 63. Killed in action at Ft. 
 
 Wagner. V. 
 Van Zant, James. 18. Aug. 27, 61 Died at Andersonville. Wounded 
 
 and taken prisoner at Ft. Wagner. V. 
 Walters, Thomas. 18. Aug. 21, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. Wounded 
 
 at Ft. Wagner and at Deep Bottom. V. 
 Winven, Cornelius. 21. Aug. 8, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. Wounded 
 
 at Cold Harbor. V. 
 
 Wood, Cornell S. 23. Sept. r, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V.V. 
 Westermier, Jacob. 30. Jan. 17, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Wolf, Henry. 24. March 10, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Yerks, Nathaniel. 38. Aug. n, 62 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Wounded 
 
 at Cold Harbor. V. 
 
282 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 COMPANY F. 
 
 CAPTAINS. 
 
 Green, James M. See Lieut. -Col., Roster of Field and Staff. 
 
 Swartvvout, Saml. M. See Major, Roster of Field and Staff. 
 
 D Arcy, Wm. E. 27. Aug. 5, 61 Aug. 14, 64. Killed in action at Deep Bot 
 tom. Promoted from ist Sergt. to 2d Lieut. Aug. 28, 63; ist Lieut. Aug. 4, 
 64; Capt. July 15, 64. V. 
 
 Lacoppidan, Adolph. 26. Aug. I, 61 Sept. I, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Pro 
 moted from ist Sergt. Co. H to 2d Lieut. Mar. 10, 64; ist Lieut. July 6, 
 64; Capt. Aug. 14, 64. V.V. 
 
 Fletcher, David B. 23. Mar. n, 62 May 15, 65. Discharged. Promoted 
 from Sergt. Co. A to Sergt. -Maj.; 2d Lieut. July 15, 64; ist Lieut. Dec. 17, 
 64; Capt. Jan. 15, 65; (not mustered as ist Lieut, or Capt.) Wounded at 
 Morris Island. Taken prisoner in front of Petersburg. V.V. 
 
 FIRST LIEUTENANTS. 
 
 Wallace, Samuel K. 26. Aug. 5, 61 Dec. 29, 62. Resigned. V. 
 
 Moser, Samuel H. See Capt., Roster of Co. C. 
 
 Redman, Enoch J. 21. Aug. i, 61 Sept. I, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Pro 
 moted from Sergt. Co. I to ist Lieut. Jan. 6, 65. Wounded at Chester 
 Heights. V.V. 
 
 Grant, Henry D. Dec. 4, 63 Sept. i, 65. Muster out of Regt. 2d Lieut. 
 Aug. 26, 63; ist Lieut. Mar. 25, 65 (not mustered). Trans, from H7th 
 N.Y.V. V. 
 
 SECOND LIEUTENANTS. 
 
 Robinson, Henry W. See ist Lieut., Roster of Co. B. 
 
 Barrett, William. 32. Aug. 15, 61 July 5, 63. Resigned. Promoted from 
 
 ist Sergt. to 2d Lieut. Oct. 26, 62. V. 
 Lyons, Lorenzo C. 19. Aug. 5, 61 June 18, 64. Died of disease at Beaufort. 
 
 Promoted from Sergt. to 2d Lieut. Apl. 9, 64 (not mustered). V. 
 
 FIRST SERGEANTS. 
 
 Kipp, David. 19. Aug. 10, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Wounded at 
 
 Wilmington. V.V. 
 
 Hutchinson, E. J. See Capt., Roster of Co. I. 
 Tuttle, Wm. E. See ist Lieut., Roster of Co. D. 
 Wyckoff, Chas. B. See 2d Lieut., Roster of Co. H. 
 
 SERGEANTS. 
 
 Beissenhurz, Gustavus. 21. Sept. 2, 61 Feb. 20, 64. Killed in action at 
 
 Olustee. V. 
 
 Cox, Daniel. 22. Sept. 3, 61 May 30, 64. Died of wounds received at Olus 
 tee. V. 
 
ROSTER AND RECORD. 283 
 
 COMPANY F Continued. 
 
 SERGEANTS Continued. 
 
 Duff, William. 19. Aug. 18, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Wounded 
 
 at Fort Wagner. V.V. 
 
 Michaels, Jacob L. See ist Lieut., Roster of Co. B. 
 Newman, Edgar B. 19. Sept. 3, 61 June 19, 65. Disability. Wounded at 
 
 Olustee. V.V. 
 Ring. Simon, D.M.P. 25. Oct. 26, 63 Sept. I, 65^ Muster-out of Regt. 
 
 Wounded at Olustee. V. 
 Sheridan, Edward. 28. Aug. 29, 61 Sept. I, 65. Muster-out of Regt. 
 
 Wounded at Ft. Wagner. V.V. 
 Voorheef, Louis. 28. Aug. 27, 61 Sept. I, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Wounded 
 
 at Ft. Wagner. V.V. 
 Wyckoff, James S. 21. Jan. 17, 62 Jan. 20, 64. Commissioned 2d Lieut., 
 
 39th N. Y. V., ist Lieut. Oct. 5, 64; Adjt. Feb. 28, 65; Capt. Mar. 2, 65 
 
 (not mustered). Received " Gillmore Medal." V. 
 
 CORPORALS. 
 
 Bracker, James. 18. Aug. 16, 62 Sept. 10, 64. Died. Wounded at Olustee 
 
 and Strawberry Plains. V. 
 
 Britroback, Clemens. 25. Jan. 16, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Cosgrove, Simon H. 27. Sept. 16, 61 Feb. 29, 64. Died at Hilton Head, 
 
 of wounds received at Olustee. V. 
 
 Davey, John. 29. Feb. 16, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Dumaz, Edward. 21. Aug. 14, 61 Feb. 21, 65. Killed in action at Wilming 
 ton. V.V. 
 
 Elkins, Jas. H. 19. Feb. 22, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 Gardan, Alexander. 19. Feb. 23, 65 Missing from Raleigh, Aug. 6, 
 
 65. S. 
 Gaven, Matthias. 21. Aug. 26, 62 May 4, 65. Disability. Wounded at 
 
 Olustee. V. 
 
 Heuston, Richard. 28. Mar. 29, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 Hoffman. John. 19. Jan. 16, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Lepine, Joseph. 30. Jan. 29, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 Masker, Richard. 18. Aug. 21, 61 Sept. I, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V.V. 
 Onderkirk, Wm. 24. Aug. 10. 61 July 26, 63. Died at Beaufort, of wounds 
 
 received at Ft. Wagner. V. 
 Potter, Henry B. iS. Aug. 26, 61 Sept. I, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Wounded 
 
 at Deep Bottom. V.V. 
 
 Purdy, Chas. 18. Dec. 24. 63 Missing from furlough, July i, 65. V. 
 
 Ryan, Peter. 33. Aug. 18, 61 Missing from furlough, Apl. 22, 64. V. 
 
 Stansbury, Jas. 19. Oct. 19, 63 Missing from Raleigh, July 22, 65. 
 
 Wounded at Olustee. V. 
 Schuchart. Carl. 18. Jan. 16, 65 Missing from Raleigh, July 26, 
 
 65. S. 
 
 Vane, James. 21. Sept. 26, 64 Missing from Raleigh, Ap l 18, 65. S. 
 
 Williams, Robt. C. 18. Sept. n, 61 Aug. 14, 64. Killed in action at Deep 
 
 Bottom. V. 
 
 MUSICIANS. 
 
 Dickson, Robt. 44. Aug. 20, 61 July 14, "65. Disability. V.V. 
 Morgan, Hugh. 17. Aug. 29, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. V. 
 
284 
 
 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 COMPANY F Continued. 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 Abrams, Chas. A., 18. Aug. 26, 61 June n, 62. Died at Ft. Pulaski. V. 
 Alburtis, Wm. H. 15. Aug. 29, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V.V. 
 Bovver, Michael. 35. Aug. 8, 61 Nov. 19, 63. Disability. Wounded at Ft. 
 
 Wagner. V. 
 
 Barnes, James. 24. Mar. 25, 62 Mar. 26, 65. Exp n of service. V. 
 Bogart, Alexander. 23. Aug. i, 61 June 18, 65. Disability. V.V. 
 Brown, Thos. M. G. 29. Dec. n, 62 Nov. 21, 64. Disability. Wounded 
 
 at Olustee and Deep Bottom. V. 
 Burns, William. 41. Aug. 27, 61 July 18, 63. Killed in action at Ft. Wag 
 
 ner. V. 
 
 Berraudt. Otto. 23. Feb. 20, 65 May 2, 65. Died at Raleigh. S. 
 Baither, Chas. 41. Mar. 7, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Bower, Fred k. 20. Mar. 9, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Burrows, John. 19. Feb. 19, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Burke, Michael. 18. Nov. 12, 63 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 Brader, William. 19. Jan. 16, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Broach, Wm. 25. Jan. 16 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Brennan, Wm. 23. Feb. 22, 65 Sept. i, 65. 
 Bradley, John. 18. Feb. 20, 65 Sept. i, 65. 
 
 32. Aug. 10, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Feb. 22. 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 2.4. Dec. 31, 63 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 30. Dec. 31, 63 Sept. i. 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 25. Feb. 21, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 36. Sept. n, 61 Oct. 10, 64. Exp n of service. V. 
 Aug. 20, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. Wounded at 
 
 Clark, Sylvester J. 
 Cullen, James. 29. 
 Coville, Hiram B. 
 Coville, Josiah A. 
 Craft, Moses O. 
 Carpenter, Wm. 
 Clark, John. 17. 
 
 Olustee. V. 
 Cardilla, Francis. 
 
 65. S. 
 Collins, Cornelius. 
 
 65. S. 
 Cady, William. 25 
 
 Muster-out of Regt. 
 Muster-out of Regt. 
 
 28. Feb. 23, 65 
 22. Feb. 23, 65 
 
 Missing from Raleigh, June 8, 
 Missing from Raleigh, July 28, 
 
 Feb. 23-, 65 Missing from Raleigh, July 28, 65. S. 
 
 Dean, Alvin L. 40. Feb. 14, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Dodge, John. 24. Oct. 21, 63 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Doorhaumer, Ed. 17. Jan. 14. 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 Detrich, Conrad. 20. Mar. 9. 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Decker, Levi. 29. Jan. 30. 65 Mar. 21, 65. Disability. S. 
 Daugherty, James. 40. Sept. 9. 61 May 12. 63. Disability. V. 
 Dunne, Henry C. 25. Sept. 16, 61 June 30, 62. Disability. V. 
 De Forest, Gearadus. 17. Dec. 17, 61 July 28, 62. Disability. V. 
 Darrow, Samuel. 25. Aug. 20, 62 June 8, 64. Disabilit. V. 
 
 Donahue, Chas. 41. Aug. 28, 62 Sept. 13, 62. 
 Deacon, James H. 19. Sept. 2, 61 Feb. 20, 64. 
 
 Wounded at Ft. Wagner. V. 
 Dingee, Orville. 21. Sept. 22, 61 
 
 64. V. 
 Dufren, Leander. 18. Mar. 22, 64 
 
 Sept. 14, 64. S. 
 
 Disability. V. 
 Killed in action at Olustee. 
 
 Missing from furlough, Apl. 22, 
 Missing from before Petersburg, 
 
 Dugan, Thos. 19. Feb. 22, 65 
 
 65- S. 
 
 De Groat, Jno. M. 
 Evans, Ellis. 15. 
 Ethridge, Richard. 
 Flagg, Alfred. 22. 
 
 Missing from Raleigh, July 28, 
 
 S. 
 
 42. Feb. 23, 65 July 9, 65. Died at Raleigh. 
 Feb. 9, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 18. Mar. 31, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. 
 Jan. 16, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 S. 
 
IWSTER AND It E CORD 28$ 
 
 COMPANY F Continued. 
 
 P R I VAT E s Con tin lied. 
 
 Pagans, Thos. 22. Feb. 9. 65 Sept. I, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 Ferguson, W. H. 39. Feb. 13, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster out of Regt. S. 
 
 Fifer, Samuel. 26. Mar. 7, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 Fifer, Michael. 22. Jan. 7, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 Fitzgerald. John G. 21. Nov. 9. 63 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. 
 Wounded at Deep Bottom. V. 
 
 Flinn. Peter. 25. Feb. 14, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 Flannigan, Wm. 39. Jan. 2. 64 Sept. I, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 
 Foley, Wm. H. 19. Aug. 8, 61 Jan. 14, 64. Disability. Wounded at Ft. 
 Wagner. V. 
 
 Furness, Wm. 24. Sept. 20, 61 Oct. 10, 64. Exp n of service. Wounded 
 at Ft. Wagner and Olustee. V. 
 
 Funday, Joshua. 16. Sept. 16, 61 July 18, 63. Killed in action at Ft. Wag 
 ner. V. 
 
 Felt, D. Harman Philip. 24. Mar. 2, 62 Missing from furlough, 
 
 Apl. 22, 64. V. 
 
 Flynn, Thomas. 24. Jan. 16, 65 Missing from Raleigh Apl. 18, 
 
 65. S. 
 
 Genter, Wm. 19. Jan. 3, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster out of Regt. V. 
 
 Golden, Barney. 32. Feb. 22, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 Gauther, August. 25. Mar. 22, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 
 Gardner, Matthew. 36. Sept. 10, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. V. 
 
 Green, Benj. F. 26. Aug. 8, 61 July 29, 64. Trans, to Invalid Corps. V.V. 
 
 Gill, Daniel. 27. Aug. 16, 61 Nov. 28, 62. Died of disease at Ft. Pu- 
 laski. V. 
 
 Grey, Abiam B. 20. Apl. 26. 62 July 18. 62. Disability. V. 
 
 Harren. John 34. Feb. 3, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 
 Harbricht. Wm. 20. Feb. 16, 65 Sept. I, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 Hallenbeck. Jacob. 19. Oct. 30, 63 June 7, 65. Disability. Wounded at 
 Olustee. S. 
 
 Howard, Wm. B. 21. Aug. 18, 61 Jan. 5, 64. Disability. Wounded at 
 Ft. Wagner. V. 
 
 Hyatt, Joseph E. 20. Aug. 28, 61 Sept. 20, 63. Disability. Wounded at 
 Ft. Wagner. V. 
 
 Higgins, Edward. 19. Sept. 17. 61 Sept. 20. 64. Exp n of service. V. 
 
 Havens, Calvin. 18. Aug. 22, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. V. 
 
 Hubbard, Wm. 44. Feb. 16, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster out of Regt. S. 
 
 Homer, Chas. 32. Jan. 18, 65 Missing from Wilmington, Mar. i, 
 
 65. S. 
 
 Johnson, Jas. M. 21. Feb. 28, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. D. 
 
 Jackson, Andrew. 30. Dec. 9, 63 May 3, 65. Wounded at Olus 
 
 tee. V. 
 
 Jones, Wm. 23. Sept. 27, 64 June 26, 65. Wounded at Ft. Fisher. S. 
 
 Kane, Terrance. 19. Mar. 9, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 Kelly, John. 21. Mar. 8, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 Kehoe, Thomas. 31. Jan. 4. 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 
 Klace, Henry. 31. Jan. 16. 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 Kennie. Wm. 40. Mar. 3, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. D. 
 
 Kelly, Thomas. 42. Aug. 21, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. V. 
 
 Keating, James. 33. Aug. 28, 61 July 22, 62. Died of disease at Ft. Pu- 
 laski. V. 
 
 King, Andrew. 24. Sept. 7, 61 Feb. 21, 65. Killed in action at Wilming 
 ton. V.V. 
 
286 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 COMPANY F Continued. 
 
 PRIVATES Continued. 
 Kellogg, Henry W. 23. Sept. 12, 61 July 18, 63. Killed in action at Ft. 
 
 Wagner. V. 
 Kelly, Henry. 26. Oct. 9, 63 Missing from hospital, New York, 
 
 May, 65. V. 
 
 Lockwood, Henry. 18. Jan. 4, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 Lockvvood, Andrew. 18. Jan. 22, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 Lust, Henry. 24. Mar. 9, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Levally, Wm. L. 22. Feb. 28, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. D. 
 Lyons, John H. 18. Feb. 29, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 Lake, Wm. H. 15. Aug. 15, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. V. 
 Lowrey, Thos. 21. Aug. 26, 62 Apl. 25, 64. Disability. Wounded at Ft. 
 
 Wagner. V. 
 
 Lamoyne. Henry. 22. Nov. 30, 61 Nov. 30, 64. Exp n of service. V. 
 Litnage, Michael. 21. Aug 5, 61 Feb. 18, 64. Died in Libby Prison, Rich 
 mond. Taken prisoner at Ft. Wagner. V. 
 
 Lorenzo, Louis. 31. Jan. 9, 62 July 30, 64. Killed in action at Peters 
 burg. V. 
 
 McDonald, Henry. 28. Mar. 9, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Macllla, Frank. 19. Mar. 16, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Millington, Geo. M. 18. Feb. 13, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 McFarland, Hudson. 19. Aug. 10, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. 
 
 Wounded at Ft. Wagner. V.V. 
 
 Mahoney, Morris. 20. Feb. 20, 64 May 7, 65 S. 
 
 McDermot, James. 19. Aug. n, 63 June 18, 65. Disability. Wounded at 
 
 Olustee. V. 
 McManus, Daniel. 19. Aug. 18, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. Wounded 
 
 at Ft. Wagner and Olustee. V. 
 Morrisey, Thos. 23. Aug. 28, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. Wounded 
 
 at Olustee. V. 
 
 Mahon, James. 37. Aug. 15, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. V. 
 Mattisher, John. 33. Sept. 6. 61 Dec. 14, 63. Disability. Wounded at Ft. 
 
 Wagner. V. 
 McGinness, Pat k. 19. Sept. 16, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. Wounded 
 
 at Olustee. V. 
 
 Martin, Wm. 19. Nov. 25, 63 Jan. 29, 64. Disability. V. 
 McCarty, James. 34. Aug. 21, 63 June 10, 65. Disability. V. 
 Madden, John. 37. Aug. 27, 61 May 2, 64 Died at Hampton. V. 
 Murphy, Joseph. 34. Aug. 21, 61 July 18, 63. Killed in action at Ft. 
 
 Wagner. V. 
 McLenahan, Matthew. 25. Aug. 21, 61 Dec. 31, 64. Died in Libby Prison, 
 
 Richmond. Taken prisoner at Ft. Wagner. V. 
 Mason. William. 22. Jan. 18, 64 Missing from Wilmington, Mar. 
 
 i, 65. Wounded in field, Va. S. 
 McCarty, John. 25. Aug. 21, 63 Missing from furlough, Sept. 
 
 4, 64. V. 
 
 Moore, Geo. 24. Sept. 23, 64 Missing from Raleigh, July 22, 65. S. 
 
 Noon, Martin. 18. Feb. 16, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Nuttle, Isaac L. 39. Aug. 10, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. V. 
 Norton, John. 23. Sept. 16, 64 June 26, 65 S. 
 
 Nolan, Michael. 21. Sept. 12, 62 Feb. 20, 64. Killed in action at Olustee. V. 
 Orton, Chas. C. See ist Lieut., Roster of Co. E. 
 Ostrom, Chas. 21. Nov. 14, 62 Jan. 5, 64. Disability. V. 
 O Neil, Thos. 41. Aug. 24, 61 May 12, 63. Disability. V. 
 O Neil, John. 22. Jan. 7, 65 Missing from Wilmington, Mar. 14, 65. S. 
 
ROSTER AND RECORD. 287 
 
 COMPANY F Continued. 
 PRIVATES Continued. 
 
 Pattino, Dennis. 18. Jan. 7, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 Pierce, Ephraim. 21. Aug. 21, 63 Sept. i. 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 Packer, James. 25. Aug. 28, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V.V. 
 
 Phillips, John. 19. Feb. 25, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 Pugsley, Jarvis. 33. Aug. 25, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. V. 
 
 Pugsley, John G. 35. Sept. 5, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. V. 
 
 Phillis, James. 19. Aug. 10, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. V. 
 
 Perkins, Chas. J. 23. Sept. 15, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. V. 
 
 Poppie, John L. 24. April 7, 62 Commissioned Lieut, and Capt. 
 
 3d U. S. C. T. V. 
 
 Pinkerton, Henry. 40. Aug. 18, 61 V.V. 
 
 Peek. Wm. L. 27. Sept. 10, 61 July 29, 64. Trans, to Invalid Corps. V.V. 
 
 Reckert, Robert. 21. Feb. 15, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 Russell. Joseph. 27. Aug. 7, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Wounded 
 in front of Petersburg. V.V. 
 
 Ryan, John. 24. Aug. 27, 61 Aug. 10, 65. Disability. Wounded at Ft. 
 Wagner, Olustee, Chester Heights, and Deep Bottom. V.V. 
 
 Reynolds, Oscar. 18. Dec. 24, 63 May 10, 65. Disability. V. 
 
 Reily, John. 23. Sept. 4, 64 June 26, 65. S. 
 
 Rentz, Christian. 25. Jan. 27, 62 June 13, 64. Wounded at Olustee. V. 
 
 Rudhardt, Fred k. 25. June 12/62 Feb. 20, 64. Killed in action at Olustee. V. 
 
 Robbins, Samuel. 19. Aug. S, 61 Aug. 3, 63. Died of wounds received 
 at Ft. Wagner. V. 
 
 Stewart, William. 25. Jan. 17, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster out of Regt. S. 
 
 Sullivan, John. 20. Jan. 19, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 Sigenthaler, Nicholas. 33. Jan. 16*! 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 Shaft, Wm. E. 19. Aug. 13, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 
 Smith, Chas. 19. Feb. 18, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 Smith. James M. 21. Aug. 8, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V.V. 
 
 Shanly, Daniel. 21. Aug. 19, 62 Jan. 5, 65. Disability. Wounded in field, 
 Va. V. 
 
 Sullivan, James. 30. Sept. 4, 61 Sept. 10, 64. Disability. V. 
 
 Shult. Peter. 26. Jan. 24, 62 Feb. 29, 65. Exp n of service. Wounded at 
 Olustee. V. 
 
 Stevens, Fred k. 26. Sept. 20, 64 June 26, 65. 
 
 Smith, Barney. 20. Oct. 19, 63 June 7, 65. Disability. Wounded at Olus 
 tee. S. 
 
 Schnatz, Nicholas. 38. Aug. i, 61 Aug. n, 65. Disability. Wounded at 
 Chester Heights. V.V. 
 
 Smith, Henry B. 21. Aug. 15, 61 July 29, 64. Trans, to Invalid 
 Corps. V.V. 
 
 Schiltz, Theoplis. 28. Nov. 3, 62 Feb. 20, 64. Killed in action at Olus 
 tee. V. 
 
 Smith, Francis. 19. Aug. 27, 63 Feb. 20, 64. Killed in action at Olus- 
 . tee. V. 
 
 Schulater, John F. 24. Aug. 4, 61 July 28, 64. Died in Libby Prison, Rich 
 mond. V. 
 
 Schalker, Gerald. 33. Feb. 29, 64 Missing from furlough, Apr. 
 
 22, 64. S. 
 
 Shields, John. 26. Nov. 18, 63 Missing from furlough, Oct. 4, 
 
 64. S. 
 
 Senior, George. 18. Feb. 22, 64 Missing from Hospital, New York, 
 
 May, 65. S. 
 
 Thurston, William. 18. Jan. 5, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 
288 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. V. S. VOLS. 
 
 COMPANY F Continued. 
 
 PRIVATES Con tin ued. 
 
 Turner, John. 29. Feb. 29, 64 Sept. i. 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 Tompkins. Edward. 16. Aug. 25, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. V. 
 Thayer, Geo. E. 19. Aug. 10, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. Wounded 
 
 at Olustee and Chester Heights. V. 
 Taylor, Joseph R. See Capt., Roster of Co. C. 
 Thayer, Albert. 18. Jan. 5, 64 Jan. 4, 65. Disability. S. 
 Vogler, Geo. F. 29. Aug. 5, 61 Apr. n, 62. Disability. V. 
 Vans, Martin C. 18. Aug. 17, 61 July 30, 64. Killed in action at Petersburg 
 
 mine explosion. Wounded in field, Va. V. 
 Vane, James. 21. Sept. 26, 64 Missing from Raleigh, July 26, 
 
 65. S. 
 
 Welcone, Francis D. 21. Jan. 12, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 Walters, Geo. 28. Feb. 29, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 White, Geo. H. 18. March 24, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 Waldron, Edward. 23. Dec. 24, 63 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 Winsbone, David S. 21. Jan. 2, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 White, Edward. 43. Sept. 6, 61 July 20, 62. Disability. V. 
 White, James. 27. Sept. 17, 61 Oct. 10. 64. Exp n of service. V. 
 Whitlock, Daniel D 26. Sept. 16, 61 Feb. 22, 64. Promoted to 2d Lieut., 
 
 39th N. Y. V. (declined). V. 
 
 Walker, John E. 18. Aug. 28, 61 Apl. n, 62. Disability. V. 
 Wagner, David. 18. March 15, 64 May 3, 65. S. 
 
 Wormwood. Morris. 21. Feb. 6, 64 May 3, 65. S. 
 
 Whitford, Robert. 23. Aug. u, 61 June 25, 62. Died of disease at Ft. 
 
 Pulaski. V. 
 
ROSTER AND RECORD. 
 
 289 
 
 COMPANY G. 
 
 CAPTAINS. 
 
 Elmendorf, Anthony. 20. July 26, 61 April ig, 64. Resigned. Capt. Aug. 
 
 26, 61. V. 
 Hilliard, Van RensselaerK. 26. July 21, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. 
 
 Promoted from Quartermaster Sergeant to Sergt.-Maj.; to 2d Lieut. Aug. 
 
 29, 62; ist Lieut. Aug. 10, 63; Capt. April 18, 64; Brevet Maj. U.S.V. 
 
 Wounded a,t Drewry s Bluff. V. 
 
 FIRST LIEUTENANTS. 
 
 Dunbar, Wm. H. See Capt., Roster of Co. A. 
 
 Fagans, Geo. W. 21. Aug. 15, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt.. Pro 
 
 moted from ist Sergt. Co. E to 2d Lieut. Dec. 3, 64; ist Lieut. Jan. i, 
 
 65. V.V. 
 
 SECOND LIEUTENANTS. 
 
 Nichols, Jas. M. See Capt., Roster of Co. E. 
 
 Dandy, Jas. H. 19. Sept. 14, 61 Oct. 26, 62. Commissioned ist Lieut. 
 
 looth N.Y.S.V. Promoted from Sergt. Co. B to 2d Lieut. April 29. 62. 
 
 Capt. Aug. 6, 63 ; Maj. Dec. 9, 64 ; Brevet Lieut.-Col. N. Y. V. (Killed 
 
 in action April 2, 65.) V. 
 Hutchinson, E. J. See Capt., Roster of Co. I. 
 Morton, Geo. 32. Aug. 17, 61 April 22, 65. Dismissed. Promoted from 
 
 Sergt. Co. E to 2d Lieut. April 6, 64. Wounded at Ft. Wagner. V. 
 Root, Robert B. 20. Aug. 26, 61 Sept. i. 65. Muster-out of Regt. Pro 
 
 moted from ist Sergt. to 2d Lieut. April 6, 65. V.V. 
 Michaels, Jacob L. See ist Lieut., Roster of Co. B. 
 
 FIRST SERGEANTS. 
 
 Killed in action at 
 
 Crawford, Robert L. 43. Aug. 26, 61 Aug. 16, 64. 
 
 Strawberry Plains. V.V. 
 Wiegand, Peter. 40. Aug. 26, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. Wounded 
 
 at Olustee. V. 
 Henchey, John. 24. July 24, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Wounded 
 
 at Drewry s Bluff. V.V. 
 
 SERGEANTS. 
 
 21. Aug. 18, 61 
 Aug. 3, 61 
 
 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V.V. 
 Missing from furlough to N. Y., March, 
 
 Wounded 
 
 Buckley, Albert P. 
 Biggar, John. 24. 
 
 64. V.V. 
 Duffy, Owen. 21. Aug. 17, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. 
 
 at Olustee and Deep Bottom (leg amputated). V. 
 Clark, Abram. 28. Sept. 16, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Wounded 
 
 twice at Cold Harbor. V.V. 
 Hyatt, Chas. J. 19. Aug. 23, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V.V. 
 
2QO FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 COMPANY G Continued. 
 
 SERGEANTS Continued. 
 
 Irvine, James. 30. Aug. 5, 61 June 18, 62. Disability. V. 
 
 Keegan, Michael M. 33. Aug. 2, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. Wounded 
 
 at Olustee. V. 
 Smith, James M. 24. Aug. 16, 61 April 29, 65. Taken prisoner 
 
 at Petersburg. V.V. 
 Travers, William. 27. Aug. 14, 61 Died at home on parole. Taken 
 
 prisoner at Deep Bottom. V.V. 
 Wheeler, Daniel B. 22. Aug. 14, 61 Sept. I, 65. Muster-out of Regt. 
 
 Wounded at Cold Harbor V.V. 
 McLaughlin, Cornelius. 33. Aug. 27, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. 
 
 Wounded at Chester Heights. V. 
 
 CORPORALS. 
 
 Beach, Henry A. 24. Aug. 5, 61 April n, 63. Commissioned 2d Lieut. 33d 
 
 U. S. C. T. ist Lieut. April 30, 64. V. 
 Bennett, Fred k. 21. Aug. 16, 61 May 23, 65. Died. Wounded at Drevvry s 
 
 Bluff. V.V. 
 Crawford, John A. 21. Aug. 20, 61 Diedat Beverly, N. J. Wounded 
 
 and taken prisoner at Deep Bottom. V.V. 
 Clark, Maurice J. 21. Feb. 14, 65 Sept. I, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Wounded 
 
 and taken prisoner at Deep Bottom. S. 
 
 Emory, Chas. L. 18. Aug. 7, 61 V.V. 
 
 Fahey, Patrick. 21. Aug. 10, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Wounded 
 
 a t Drevvry s Bluff. V.V. 
 
 Granger, Wm. H. 22. Aug. 20, 62 June 26, 65. Exp n of service. V. 
 Ingraham, Aaron H. See ist Lieut., Roster of Co. C. 
 Johnson, Peter. 27. Sept. 12, 61 June i, 64. Died. Wounded and taken 
 
 prisoner at Drewry s Bluff. V. 
 
 Jessup, Edmund A. 28. Aug. 21, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V.V. 
 Lagan, Peter. 18. Feb. 20, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 McAuliffe, John. 29. Aug. 13, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. Wounded 
 
 at Drewry s Bluff. V. 
 
 Nichols, James. 30. Sept. 23, 64 June 26, 65. S. 
 
 O Leary, Patrick. 20. Feb. 18. 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Sheehan, Patrick. 19. Aug. 26, 61 June 13, 65. Disability. Wounded at 
 
 Strawberry Plains. V.V. 
 
 St. John, Miles. See 2d Lieut., Roster of Co. H. 
 Wood, William F. 18. Sept. 16, 61 Died of wounds received at 
 
 Drury : s Bluff. V.V. 
 
 Wheelan, Jas. 30. Jan. 17, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Woods, Edward. 24. Aug. 31, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V.V. 
 Wheeler, Edward. 24. Aug. 23, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V.V. 
 
 MUSICIANS. 
 
 Cady, Frank R. 19. July 27, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. V. 
 Irvine, Michael. 24. Feb. 9, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 Kline, Chas. 19. March 22, 62 March 22, 65. Exp n of service. V. 
 Shute, Henry C. 15. Nov. 2, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V.V. 
 
 WAGONER. 
 
 Emmons, Dallas. 21. Aug. 19, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. 
 Wounded at Ft. Wagner. Trans, from Co. D. V.V. 
 
ROSTER AND RECORD. 2gi 
 
 COMPANY G Continued. 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 Airey, Wm. E. 26. Oct. 3, 61 Sept. 8, 64. Wounded at 
 
 Olustee. V. 
 
 Allen, Chas. 18. Aug. 23, 61 V. 
 
 Aurbach, Adolph. 24. April 24, 62 Trans, to Veteran Reserve 
 
 Corps. V. 
 Anderson, Henry. 21. Jan. 16, 65 Missing from Raleigh, June 5, 
 
 65. S. 
 
 Bishop, Thos. 59. Aug. 24, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V.V. 
 Brown, James. 15. Oct. 21, 63 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 Beckstien, Henry. 36. Jan. 17, 65 July 19, 65. S. 
 
 Bake r, Henry. 24. Jan. 17, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Wounded 
 
 at Drevvry s Bluff. S. 
 
 Browning, John. 18. Jan. 17, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Burlingham, Orvis. 20. Feb. 16, 64 Sept. i. 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 Byrom, Edwin J. 21. Mar. 10, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Blawers, Abram H. 22. Aug. 26, 61 Oct. 18, 61. Disability. V. 
 Bell, Wm. 35. Aug. 27, 61 Oct. 18, 61. Disability. V. 
 Bowman, Pulaski. 25. Aug. 26, 61 Oct. 18, 61. Disability. V. 
 Boyle, Barney. 44. Aug. 14, 61 V. 
 
 Burns, James. 34. Aug. 20, 61 Sept. i, 62. Died of disease at Ft. Pulaski. V. 
 Blinn, Clinton. 22. Aug. 13, 61 June 8, 65. Drowned from steamer Dupont 
 
 while on furlough. V.V. 
 Baxter, Geo. F. 22. Aug. 27, 61 Missing from furlough, Mar. 5, 
 
 64. V.V. 
 
 Canfield, Horatio. 22. Aug. 28, 6r Oct. 18, 61. Disability. V. 
 Carr, Patrick. 47. Sept. i, 61 Oct. 18, 61. Disability. V. 
 Catur, Andrew. 18. Aug. 14, 61 Oct. 18, 61. Disability. V. 
 Cox, Charles. 22. Feb. 18, 65 June 10, 65. S. 
 
 Cunningham, Edw d. 32. Aug. 17, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. V. 
 Conklin, Wm. H. 19. Aug. 24, 61 June i, 64. Died of wounds received at 
 
 Drewry s Bluff. V.V. 
 Countryman, Thos. 20. Aug. 23, 61 May 16, 64. Killed in action at 
 
 Drevvry s Bluff. V.V. 
 Cookman, Wm. H. 24. Aug. 23, 61 Missing from Annapolis, Oct., 
 
 61. V. 
 
 Chadin, Vincent. 19. Jan. 16, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Cameron, John. 21. Feb. 23, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 Carmichael, Hugh. 36. Mar. 10, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Calkins, Martin. 18. Mar. 9, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Cunningham, James. 33. Feb. 18, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 Daniels, Thos. G. 28. Aug. 13, 61 Oct. 18, 61. Disability. V. 
 De Haven, Andrew J. 29. Sept. 2, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. V. 
 Dalton, Patrick. 41. Aug. 26, 61 V. 
 
 Dougherty, Thos. 35. Sept. 22, 61 V. 
 
 Davis, Josiah. 22. Aug. 14, 61 Aug. i, 64. Died of disease. V. 
 Dunnam, Geo. 19. Oct. 21, 63 Feb. 20, 64. Killed in action at Olustee. V. 
 Deubel, Sebastian. 24. Apl. 3, 62 Feb. 20, 64. Killed in action at Olustee. V. 
 Dawson, John. 28. Aug. 2, 61 Aug. 16, 64. Died a prisoner at Richmond. V. 
 Dubois, Victor. 30. Mar. 10, 65 Missing from Raleigh, June 3, 65. S. 
 
 Dubois, Louis. 23. Mar. 10, 65 Missing from Raleigh, June 3, 65. S. 
 
 Divine, Clenon. 18. Feb. 15/64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 Ball, Chas. 25. Jan. 17/65 Sept. i, 65. _ Muster-out of Regt. Wounded at 
 
 Wilmington. S. 
 
. FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 COMPANY G Continued. 
 
 PRIVATES Continued. 
 Enx, Otto. 21. Jan. 29, 62 Missing from hospital, New York, June, 
 
 65. V. 
 Fenner, John D. 21. Aug. 2, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Wounded 
 
 at Bermuda Hundred. V.V. 
 
 Fair, Phineas. 30. Mar. 10, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Fury, James. 22. Sept. 4, 6r Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V.V. 
 Farley, Michael. 28. Jan. 14, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Fenner, Wm. H. 22. Aug. 24, 61 Oct. 18, 61. Disability. V. 
 Fangrave, John. 21. Oct. 21, 63 Apl. 26, 64. Trans, to Navy. S. 
 Furlough, Michael. 19. Oct. 21, 63 June i, 64. Supposed killed at Cold 
 
 Harbor. V. 
 Grouse, Paul. 35. Aug. 17, 61 May 16, 64. Supposed killed at Drewry s 
 
 Bluff. V.V. 
 
 Gardner, John. 20. Aug. 16, 61 Oct. iS, 61. Disability. V. 
 Glynn, Michael. 30. Sept. 8. 61 Oct. 18, 61. Disability. V. 
 Gifford, Chas. 19. Feb. 22, 64 May 29, 65. Disability. V. 
 Gibson, John. 20. Mar. 10, 65 June 7, 65. Disability. S. 
 Granger, Thos. S. 18. Aug. 19, 62 July 7, 65. Exp n of service. V. 
 Gorman, James. 24. Jan. 17, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Griffith, Benjamin. 18." Apl. 6/64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 Gleddell, Henry. 41. Mar. 14, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Holmes, Robert H. 19. Sept. 13, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V.V. 
 Henain, Constant. 25. Aug. 2t>, 61 Sept. I, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V.V. 
 Homan, Michael. 21. Jan. 17, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Hutchison, James. 33. Jan. 17, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Hartt, Geo. 24. Jan. 18, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Henry, Jas. C. 18. Feb. 20, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Henchy, Patrick. 20. Apl. 12, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Houston, Alexander W. 29. Aug. 8, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 Hyatt, Chas. J. 41. Feb. n, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 Hare, James. 25. Apl. 5, 62 Nov. 8, 64. Disability. V. 
 Holland, David. 42. Feb. 24, 65 June 18, 65. S. 
 
 Hamblin, Wm. F. 18. Mar. 25, 6_j June 21, 65. Disability. V. 
 Harvey, Richard E. 18. Aug. 16, 61 V. 
 
 Harris, Geo 22. Oct. 21, 63 Apl. 26. 64. Trans, to Navy. S. 
 Hopkins. Wm. J. 18. Aug. 27, 61 Nov. 26, 61. Died of disease at Hilton 
 
 Head. V. 
 Hirsch, Max, 24. Aug. 61 Missing from furlough, Apl. 20, 64. 
 
 V.V. 
 Henderson, Andrew J. 21. Feb. 21, 65 Missing from Raleigh, July 
 
 13, 65- S. 
 Irvine, Wm. H. 18. Aug. 23, 61 May 24, 64. Died of wounds received at 
 
 Drewry s Bluff. V.V. 
 
 Johnson, James. 22. Feb. 21, 65 June 13, 65. S. 
 
 Johnson, Geo. N. 18. Mar. 20, 65 July 17, 65. Disability. S. 
 Johnson, John. 28. Oct. 21, 63 Apl. 26, 64. Trans, to Navy. Wounded at 
 
 Olustee. V. 
 Jones, John V. 21. Aug. 61 July 3, 65. Disability. Wounded at Deep 
 
 Bottom. V.V. 
 Jessup, Charles. 20. Mar. 28, 64 May 18, 65. Trans, to Veteran Reserve 
 
 Corps. Wounded at Chester Heights. S. 
 Jerome, Edward. 22. July 24, 61 Oct. 15, 64. Died of disease at Brooklyn, 
 
 N. Y. V.V. 
 Jenkins, Wm. 20. Feb. 16, "65 Missing from Raleigh, July 9 
 
 65. S. 
 
ROSTER AND RECORD. 293 
 
 COMPANY G Continued. 
 
 PRIVATES Continued. 
 
 Kaufmann, Frank. 38. Sept. 8, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. V. 
 Kells, James. 44. Aug. 18, 61 Aug. 16, 64. Supposed killed at Strawberry 
 
 Plains. V.V. 
 Kelley, Patrick. 25. Jan. 17, 65 Missing from Wilmington, Mar. 20 
 
 65. S. 
 
 Kettleman, Geo. 21. Mar. n, 65 Sept. i, 65.. Muster-out of Regt. D. 
 Kolb, Andrew. 21. Mar. 28, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster out of Regt. D. 
 Lorens, John. 21. Jan, 17, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Lauterback, Fred k. 20. June 3, 62 June 3, 65. Exp n of service. V. 
 Little, John. 20. Aug. 26, 61 May 16, 64. Killed in action at Drewry s 
 
 Bluff. V. 
 Maby, John. 22. Sept. 14, 61 Missing from Washington, Sept. 26, 
 
 61. V. 
 Mellis, James. 28. Aug. 26, 61 Missing from hospital, New York, 
 
 June 7, 65. V.V. 
 Maloney, John. 30. Sept. 2, 61 Missing from hospital, New York, 
 
 June 2, 65. Wounded at Cold Harbor. V.V. 
 McReady, John. 29. Mar. 10, 65 Missing from Raleigh, Aug. 6, 
 
 65. S. 
 Maloughney, Lawrence. 20. Sept. 2, 61 Aug. 16, 64. Supposed killed at 
 
 Strawberry Plains. V.V. 
 Moriarty, Fergus. 28. Oct. 20. 63 Feb. 17, 65. Died a prisoner. Taken 
 
 prisoner near Petersburg. V. 
 Mclntyre, Thos. 26. Sept. 3, 61 Oct. 15, 64. Trans, to Veteran Reserve 
 
 Corps. Wounded at Petersburg mine explosion. V.V. 
 Mclnnis, John. 25. Oct. 21, 63 Apl. 26, 64. Trans, to Navy. S. 
 McKenzie, Michael. 30. Oct. 21, 63 Apl. 26, 64. Trans, to Navy. S. 
 Murphy. John. 41. Aug. 24, 61 Oct. 18, 61. Disability. V. 
 Moran, Daniel. 22. Aug. 16, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. Wounded 
 
 at Olustee. V. 
 Mitchell, Charles. 44. Sept. 4, 61 -Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. Wounded 
 
 at Drewry s Bluff. V. 
 Mittnacht. Alexander. 26. July 9, 62 Sept. 8, 64. Commissioned 2d Lieut 
 
 I5th H. A. N. Y. V. V. 
 McArthur, Albert. 21. Oct. 26, 63 Dec. 16, 64. Disability. Wounded at 
 
 Cold Harbor. S. 
 Moses, Herman. 24. Mar. 18, 62 Mar. 18, 65. Exp n of service. Wounded 
 
 at Petersburg mine explosion. V. 
 
 McDonaugh, Peter. 36. Jan. 4, 64 June 10, 65. V. 
 
 Miller, Stephen. 30. Feb. 18, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Murphy, Timothy. 28. Mar. 9, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Mivale, Sebastian. 21. Mar. 10, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Morris, Joseph. 21. Mar. 9, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. fc 
 
 Marston, Geo. 26. Sept. 4, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Wounded 
 
 at Cold Harbor. V.V. 
 Malloy, Michael. 18. Aug. 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Wounded 
 
 at Petersburg mine explosion. V.V. 
 
 Mentrendaler, Gottlieb. 18. Sept. 26, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Morris, Benjamin. 24. Jan. 16, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 McCarthy, John. 29. Jan. 18, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 McDowell, Chas. 18. Feb. 27, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 Nolan, Peter. 21. Sept. 23, 64 July 8, 65. S. 
 
 Nichols, Jeremiah. 19. Aug. 29, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. V. 
 O Neil, Thomas. 27. Oct. 21, 63 April 26, 64. Trans, to Navy. V. 
 
 20 
 
2Q4 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 COMPANY G Continued. 
 
 PRIVATES Continued. 
 O Brien, James. 38. Aug. 30, 61 July 3, 65. Disability. Wounded at 
 
 Drewry s Bluff. V.V. 
 O Rourke, Daniel. 37. Aug. 31, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. Wounded 
 
 at Drewry s Bluff. V. 
 
 Penny, Jacob. 26. Feb. 20, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Peterwitch, Nicholas. 22. Mar. 10, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster out of Regt. S. 
 Pinkerton, Francis. 31. Aug. 14, 6r Oct. 18, 61. Disability. V. 
 Pauteau, Christopher. 21. May 25, 62 May 15, 65. Exp n of service. V. 
 Prince, Benj n E. 19. Aug. 23, 61 Dec. n, 62. Died of disease at Ft, 
 
 Pulaski. V. 
 
 Quackenboss, Edward. 18. Feb. 27, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 Rose, Abram M. 28. Aug. 22, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V.V. 
 Reiff, Michael. 43. Jan. 18, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Rosenthal, Levi. 18. Feb. 17, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 Ricker, Geo. B. 28. Mar. 10, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Reese, Sam l. 42. Feb. 12, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 Reizal, Adam. 56. Jan. 12, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Rose, John L. 26. Aug. 28, 61 Oct. 18, 61. Disability. V. 
 Reed, Chas. W. 20. Aug. 26, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. Wounded 
 
 at Olustee. V. 
 Richter, John. 29. Aug. 61 Missing from veteran furlough, May 
 
 25, 64. V.V. 
 Rorsch. Carl. 28. Jan. 18, 65 Missing from Wilmington, Mar. 29, 
 
 65. S. 
 Steinhart, Chas. 23. Aug. 61 Missing from veteran furlough, May 
 
 25, 64. Wounded at Olustee. V.V. 
 Schneider, Peter. 28. Jan. 16, 65 Missing from hospital, New York, 
 
 June 7, 65. S. 
 
 Sischo, Abel. 18. Feb. 24, 65 Missing from Raleigh, Aug. 6, 65. S. 
 
 Sayers, Benj n. 21. Aug. 27, 61 Feb. 12, 62. Killed accidentally on Daw- 
 
 fuskie Island. V. 
 Stone, John. 32. Aug. 16, 61 May 16, 64. Killed in action at Drewry s 
 
 Bluff. V. 
 
 Stewart, James. 17. Aug. 26, 61 Oct. 18, 61. Disability. V. 
 Shanley, Patrick. Aug. 26, 61 July 20, 65. Disability. Wounded at Straw 
 berry Plains. V.V. 
 Sea, Geo. A. 24. Aug. 5, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Wounded at 
 
 Cold Harbor. V.V. 
 Sayers, John. 29. Aug. 26, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Wounded at 
 
 Chester Heights. V.V. 
 Sayers, Newton B. 19. Aug. 26, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. 
 
 Wounded at Chester Heights. V.V. 
 
 Smith, Wesley. 18. Sept. 14, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V.V. 
 Smith, Charles. 26. Jan. 16, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Smith, Daniel H. 19. Jan. 22, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 Smith, Edward. 17. Mar. 9, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Sale, John W. 30. Sept. 9, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V.V. 
 Seirney, Alois. 27. Jan. 16, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Simmonds, Sterry H. 18. April 6, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V 
 Schields, James. 39. Feb. 21, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Thompson, Franklin. 23. Aug. 26, 61 July 28, 65. Disability. Wounded 
 
 at Bermuda Hundred. V.V. 
 
 Thompson, Robt. 21. Feb. 21, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 VanZant, Alfred D. 42. Aug. 21, 61 Jan. 29, 64. Trans, to Invalid Corps. V. 
 
ROSTER AND RECORD. 
 
 COMPANY G Continued. 
 PRIVATES Continued. 
 
 Van Slyke, John. 26. Aug. 26, 61 Missing from Washington, Sept. 
 
 26, 61. V. 
 
 Welch, John C. 21. Aug. 12, 61 Nov. 28, 61. Killed accidentally at Hilton 
 Head. V. 
 
 Wenzler, Conrad. 21. Mar. 21, 62 Jan. 64. Committed suicide at Hilton 
 Head. V. 
 
 Wedmer, Alexander. 40. Mar. n, 62 Feb. 20, 64. Killed in action at 
 Olustee. V. 
 
 Wetmore, Geo. 18. Feb. 21, 63 Feb. 20, 64. Killed in action at Olus 
 tee. V. 
 
 Welling, Sam l K. 39. Aug. 17, 62 June 26, 65 Wounded at Olustee. V. 
 
 Ward, James. 38. Feb. 3, 63 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Wounded 
 at Olustee. D. 
 
 Whiter, Abram. 23. Mar. 16, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 
 Welch, Thomas. 23. Mar. 16, 65. Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 Whaley, James. 23. Aug. 19, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V.V. 
 
 Yam, Max. 21. Feb. 21, 65 June 7, 65. S. 
 
 Youmans, Sam l. 19. Aug. 61 May 16, 64. Killed in action at Drevvry s 
 Bluff. V.V. 
 
296 
 
 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 COMPANY H. 
 
 CAPTAINS. 
 
 Strickland, Dudley W. See Lieut.-Col., Roster of Field and Staff. 
 Lockwood, William L. 24. July 15, 61 May 26, 64. Resigned, disability. 
 
 ist Lieut. Aug. 16, 61; Capt. Co. F June 18, 62; trans, to Co. H Jan, 
 
 26, 63. Wounded at Ft. Wagner. V. 
 Barrett, James A. See Major, Roster of Field and Staff. 
 
 FIRST LIEUTENANTS, 
 
 Nichols, James M. See Capt., Roster of Co. E. 
 Sears, Henry H. Aug. 10, 61 Aug. 14, 64. Killed in action at Deep Bottom, 
 
 Promoted from Sergt. Co. E to 2d Lieut. Aug. 28, 63; ist Lieut. Mar. 9, 
 
 64. V. 
 
 Anderson, Hamilton E. 30. Sept. 12, 64 Apl. 6, 65. Resigned. V. 
 Halstead, John. 23. Aug. 8, 61 Sept. I, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Pro 
 
 moted from ist Sergt. to ist Lieut. Jan. i, 65. V.V. 
 
 SECOND LIEUTENANTS. 
 Patterson, Caleb N. 27. July 24, 61 Dec. 19, 61. Resigned. 2d Lieut. Aug. 
 
 26, 61. V. 
 
 Carlton, Wm. J. See Capt., Roster of Co. D. 
 Wyckoff, Charles B. 18. Aug. 5, 61 Mar. 7, 64. Resigned, disability 
 
 Promoted from ist Sergt. Co. F to Sergt. Maj.; 2d Lieut. July 10, 63. V. 
 Edwards, Roger. See ist Lieut., Roster of Co. C. 
 Seaward, Benjamin. See Adjt., Roster of Field and Staff. 
 Smith, Peter W. See ist Lieut., Roster of Co. K. 
 St. John, Miles. 20. Aug. 12, 61 Sept. i, 65. 22. Muster-out of Regt. 
 
 Promoted from Corpl. Co. G. to 2d Lieut., Jan. i, 65. V.V. 
 
 FIRST SERGEANTS. 
 
 Havens, William H. 19. Aug. 23, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V.V. 
 Lacoppidan, Adolph. See Capt., Roster of Co. F. 
 Laxey, John F. See 2d Lieut., Roster of Co. B. 
 
 SERGEANTS. 
 Clayton, John T. 22. Aug. 8, 61 Aug. 5, 63. Died from wounds rec d at 
 
 Ft. Wagner. V. 
 
 Garaghan, Henry T. See Capt., Roster of Co. E. 
 Liming, Job G. 19. Aug. 14, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Wounded 
 
 at Drewry s Bluff. V.V. 
 
 Miller, Everett. 24. Aug. 4, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V.V. 
 Pope, Theodore. 20. Aug. 12, 61 Jan. 15, 65. Killed in action at Ft. Fishei 
 
 as Color-Bearer. V.V. 
 Sparks, George G. 23. July 25, 61 Dec. 17, 63. Disability from wounds 
 
 rec d as Color-Bearer at Ft. Wagner. V. 
 Stayley, George B. 23. Aug. 8, 61 Jan. 22, 64. Commissioned ist Lieut. 
 
 I59th N. Y. V. ; Capt. Aug. 4, 65. V.V. 
 Walling, Hendrickson. 22. Aug. 13, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. 
 
 Wounded at Ft. Wagner. Taken prisoner in front of Petersburg. V. V. 
 Yerks, Joseph W. 27. Aug. 7, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Wounded 
 
 at Ft. Wagner. V.V. 
 
ROSTER AND RECORD. 
 
 297 
 
 COMPANY H Continued. 
 
 CORPORALS. 
 
 Disability. Taken 
 
 Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 Muster-out of Regt. V.V. 
 Muster-out of Regt. V.V. 
 
 Carman. Benjamin H. 46. Sept. 5, 61 July 10, 65. Disability. Wounded 
 
 at Chester Heights. V.V. 
 
 Cook, William H. 21. Aug. 15, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V.V. 
 Carhart, Isaac. 23. Aug. 4, 61 Sept. i. 65. Muster-out of Regt. V.V. 
 Dennis, Augustus. 26. July 29, 61 Aug. 26, 62. Died of disease at Ft. Pu- 
 
 laski. V. 
 Freeman, James. 29. Sept. 5, 61 Jan. i, 65. Disability. Wounded at Ft. 
 
 Wagner and Chester Heights. V.V. 
 Henry, John. 21. Oct. 21, 63 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Wounded 
 
 at Olustee. D. 
 Luyster, William W. 20. Aug. 29, 61 July 18, 63. Killed in action at Ft. 
 
 Wagner. V. 
 
 Lynch, Peter. 20. Aug. 28, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V.V. 
 Nicoll, George B. 18. Feb. 27, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 Owens, William H. 24. Aug. 24, 61 Apl. 12, 65. Trans, to Invalid Corps. 
 
 Wounded at Drewry s Bluff. V.V. 
 
 Owen, Samuel V. 20. Apl. 5, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 Pedro, Joseph H. 25. Aug. i, 61 June i, 65. Disability. Wounded at 
 
 Drewry s Bluff. V.V. 
 Remsen, Treadwell W. 20. Aug. 5, 61 June 13, 
 
 prisoner at Deep Bottom. V.V. 
 Stedman, Matthias. 34. Feb. 25, 64 Sept. i, 65. 
 Townsend, Henry C. 19. Aug. 7, 61 Sept. i, 65. 
 Tasker, Rodolphus D. 23. Sept. 4, 61 Sept. i, 65. 
 Voorhies, James M. 22. Aug. 8, 61 64. Trans, to Navy. V.V. 
 Van Cleaf, Joseph. 24. Aug. 26, 61 Aug. 26, 64. Exp n of service. V. 
 Walling, Andrew J. 19. Aug. 13, 6r June 6, 64. Disability. Wounded at 
 
 Ft. Wagner. V.V. 
 
 MUSICIANS. 
 
 Penulet. William. 23. Aug. 8, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V.V. 
 
 Jones, George E. 14. Jan. 25, 62 Dec. 10, 63. Died at Hilton Head. V. 
 
 Johnson, Benjamin D. 21. Aug. 10, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V.V. 
 
 WAGONERS. 
 
 Edwards, James L. 27. Aug. 24, 61 Aug. 26, 65. V.V. 
 
 Gant, John W. 20. Aug. 12, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V.V. 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 Allen, Jeremiah. 28. Sept. 3, 61 July 18, 63. 
 
 ner. V. 
 Allen, Joseph. 18. Aug. 23, 61 July 18, 63. 
 
 ner. V. 
 
 Addye, James H. 21. Jan. 18, 65 Sept. i, 65. 
 Artolauf, Phillip. 38. Mar. S, 65 Sept. i, 65. 
 Burr, Louis W. 19. July 24, 61 May 25, 65 
 
 Wounded at Ft. Wagner and Deep Bottom. 
 Beers, Charles H. 37. Oct. 20, 63 
 
 64. D. 
 Barrella, Guyacomo. 25. May 21, 63 Feb. 20, 
 
 tee. V. 
 
 Belias, Abraham. 18. Jan. 17, 65 June 18, 65 
 Buck, Henry T. 19. Mar. 8, 65 June 18, 65. 
 Braddock, Moses. 30. Jan. 12, 64 Sept. i, 65 
 
 Killed in action at Ft. Wag- 
 Killed in action at Ft. Wag- 
 Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 Missing at Newbern. 
 V.V. 
 Missing on furlough, Nov. 12, 
 
 64. Supposed killed at Olus- 
 
 S. 
 S. 
 Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 
298 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 COMPANY H Continued. 
 
 PRIVATES Continued. 
 
 Boland, Michael. 30. Mar. 24, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 
 Bernheim, Julius. 25. Dec. 20, 62 Sept. 16, 64. Trans, to Invalid Corps. 
 Wounded in front of Petersburg. V. 
 
 Clark, David. 21. Aug. 29, 62 Mar. 18, 64. Died at Richmond. Wounded 
 and taken prisoner at Ft. Wagner. V. 
 
 Cornell, Isaac. 34. Aug. 21, 62 July 18, 63. Killed in action at Ft. Wag 
 ner. V. 
 
 Coudant, Joseph. 36. Jan. 5, 63 Dec. 29, 64. Died. Wounded at Olus- 
 tee. V. 
 
 Cooney, James. 19. Aug. 2, 61 Missing on veteran furlough, Mar. 
 
 5, 64. V.V. 
 
 Connelly, John. 20. Oct. 20, 63 Missing on furlough, Nov. 4, 64. 
 
 Wounded at Drevvry s Bluff. D. 
 
 Clarkson, Rob t. 19. Aug. 29, 62 Disability. V. 
 
 Clarkson, John. 25. Aug. 29, 62 Exp n of service. Taken prisoner 
 
 at Ft. Wagner. V. 
 
 Cook, John F. 24. July 24, 61 July 6, 62. Disability. V. 
 
 Cornell, Chas. T. 32. July 24, 61 July 10, 65. Disability. Wounded at 
 Cold Harbor. V.V. 
 
 Cook, Henry. 33. Jan. 19, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 Collins, James. 19. Jan. 18, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Wounded 
 at Wilmington. S. 
 
 Cole, William H. 31. May 19, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 
 Curtis, Thomas. 21. Aug. 6, 61 July 20, 65. Wounded at Ft. Wagner, 
 
 Drewry s Bluff, and Cold Harbor. V.V. 
 
 Dikeman, John P. 22. Aug. 22, 62 Dec. 2, 64. Died on board hospital 
 steamer at Savannah. V. 
 
 Dalso, Francois. 21. Oct. 20, 63 Missing at Petersburg, Sept. 20, 64. S. 
 
 Dowd, Michael. 19. Jan. 18, 65 Missing at Raleigh, Aug. 18, 65. S. 
 
 De Grilla, Alexander. 29. May 3, 62 May 3, 65. Exp n of service. V. 
 
 Dunning, Chas. 18. Jan. 18, 65 June 18, 65. S. 
 
 Dougherty, Patrick. 24. Jan. 17, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 Dunn, James. 19. Jan. 17, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 Drummond, Eugene. 18. Mar. 6, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 Eckel, Charles R. 24. Aug. 30, 62 Wounded at Drewry s Bluff. V. 
 
 Emerich, Philip. 18. Aug. i, 61 64. Exp n of service. Wounded 
 
 at Petersburg. V. 
 
 Erforth, August. 22. Aug. 24, 63 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Wound 
 ed in the field, Va. D. 
 
 Elkins, Henry. 18. Mar. 8, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 Englehardt, F rank. 20. Apl. 7, 63 Missing at Gloucester Point, 
 
 May 4, 64. S. 
 
 Ford, John B. 20. July 30, 61 July 18, 63. Killed in action at Ft. Wag 
 ner. V. 
 
 Fitzer, Jacob. 28. Mar. 8, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 Farley, James. 23. Mar. 22, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 Grover, Mason G. 22. July 23, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V.V. 
 
 Groves, Elijah R. 32. Aug. 21, 62 65. Wounded at Ft. Wagner. V. 
 
 Giverney, James M. 22. Aug. 6, 61 July 19, 65. Disability. Wounded at 
 Ft. Wagner. V.V. 
 
 Gifford, Robert W. 44. Aug. 4, 61 July i, 62. Disability. V. 
 
 Gaworski, Ignace. 37. Feb. 19, 62 Sept. 28, 64. Disability. V. 
 
 German, Nicholas. 44. Feb. 14, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 
 Gauze, William. 20. Mar. 8, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
ROSTER A AW RECORD. 299 
 
 COMPANY H Continued. 
 
 P R I v ATE s Con tin ued. 
 
 Gunther. Ernst. 20. Mar. S, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Gould, Charles. 18. Mar. 7, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Griffin, Randolph C. 18. Aug. i, 61 Dec. 10, 61. Died of disease at Hilton 
 
 Head. V. 
 Havens, Amos M. 19. Aug. 23, 61 July 20, 63. Died at Charleston of 
 
 wounds rec d at Ft. Wagner. V. 
 
 Hoff, Aaron. 18. Aug. 16, 61 July 18, 63. Killed in action at Ft. Wag 
 ner. V. 
 
 Halstead, Samuel. 28. Sept. 2, 62 Sept. 5, 64. Died at Ft. Monroe. V. 
 Hughes, Patrick. 38. Oct. 20, 63 Sept. 16, 64. Trans, to Invalid Corps. 
 
 Wounded at Olustee and Cold Harbor. V. 
 
 Homan, Charles T. 23. Sept. 2, 63 64. Trans, to Navy. V. 
 
 Hopper, Jacob. 19. Apl. n, 62 Apl. n, 65. Exp n of service. V. 
 Hall, William J. 21. Aug. 27, 61 Sept. 1/65. Muster-out of Regt. Wounded 
 
 at Ft. Wagner. V.V. 
 Hendrickson, Barkalovv. 27. Aug. 4, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of 
 
 Regt. V.V. 
 
 Hanselman, Jacob. 21. Oct. 20, 63 Sept. I, 65. Muster-out of Regt. D. 
 Hatten, George H. 18. Jan. 19, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Hayden, Michael. 18. Jan. 17, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Haug, Antonie. 24. Mar. 8, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Hughes, John. 19. Mar. 10, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Hatley, William. 22. Mar. 17, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Hines, Frederick. 22. Jan. 12, 65 Missing at Wilmington, Mar. 2, 65. S. 
 
 Hughes, Arthur. 22. Jan. 18, 65 Missing at Federal Point, Feb. 8, 65. S. 
 
 Ivans, James G. 17. Aug. 14, 61 Disability. V.V. 
 
 Jonannin, Adrian. 29. Dec. 17, 61 Missing on furlough, Dec. 17,. 
 
 64. V. 
 
 Jackson, Josiah C. 36. Feb. 21, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Jones, Elijah. 19. Feb. 19, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Johnson, George W. 18. Feb. 22, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Jeffers, Michael. 37. Feb. 22, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Jackson, Thomas. 39. Feb. 24, 65 June 12, 65. Died. S. 
 Ketcham, Ira P. 23. Sept. 2, 63 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. D. 
 Ketcham, Emery W. 17. Feb. 22, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Kellogg, Martin. 35. Feb. 16, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 Kaufman, August. 36. Jan. 9, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 Liming, Michael O. 26. July 25, 61 Sept. i, 64. Trans, to Navy. V.V. 
 Liming. Charles. 21. Aug. 4, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Wounded 
 
 . at Ft. Wagner. V.V. 
 Ling, Samson A. 29. July 24, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster out of Regt. Wounded 
 
 in the field, Va. V.V. 
 Lafferty, Charles. 21. Sept. n, 61 June i, 64. Killed in action at Cold 
 
 Harbor. V.V. 
 Lord, John E. 20. Aug. 14, 61 July 30, 64. Killed in action at Petersburg 
 
 mine explosion. V.V. 
 
 Lee, John. 31. Aug. 27, 62 65. Disability. Wounded at Ft. Wag 
 
 ner. V. 
 
 Lewis, Lewis. 32. Feb. 23, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Manton, James. 21. Sept. 24, 64 July, 65. D. 
 
 Mackey, Frederick. 21. Sept. n, 61 Mar. 26, 64. Died at Palatka. 
 
 Wounded at Ft. Wagner. V.V. 
 Morton, John. 18. July 22, 61 Aug. 4, 63. Died in New York of wounds 
 
 received at Ft. Wagner. 
 
300 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 COMPANY H Continued. 
 
 PRIVATES Continued. 
 McCoomb, John. 18. Aug. 5, 61 May 20, 62. Died of disease on Dawfuski 
 
 Island. V. 
 Murdick. William. 26. Aug. 5, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Wounded 
 
 at Wilmington. V.V. 
 Miller, Francis. 44. Aug. 20, 61 Missing from hospital at New York, 
 
 Dec. 25, 64. Wounded at Chester Heights. V.V. 
 Miller, Henry, Jr. 29, Aug. u, 62 July 7, 65. Disability. V. 
 Miller, Charles. 23. Oct. 20, 63 July 30, 64. Killed in action at Petersburg 
 
 mine explosion. Wounded at Ft. Wagner and in front of Petersburg. V. 
 Merrilla, Louis. 42. Aug. 7, 63 Feb. 20, 64. Killed in action at Olustee. V. 
 Murphy, Peter. 22. Aug. 24, 63 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Wounded 
 
 at Olustee. D. 
 
 Mayeur, Justice. 20. Feb. 20, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Mercier, George A. 18. May 9, 63 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 Moorse, Joseph. 19. Feb. 17, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Mathias, Frederick. 18. Feb. 24. 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt.- V. 
 Mulligan, Dennis. 20. Mar. 8, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 McCormick, William. 27. Mar. 7, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Milarta, Otto. 28. Jan. 17, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Miller, George F. 25. Aug. i, 61 Aug. 16, 65. Commissioned 2d Lieut, in 
 
 U. S. C. T. V.V. 
 Maier, Michael. 23. Aug. 25, 63 Missing at Gloucester Point, May 
 
 4, 64. S. 
 Mitchell, Thomas. 36. Feb. 14, 65 Missing at Raleigh, Aug. 13, 65. 
 
 Michon, Eugene. 32. Aug. 13, 63 Missing from hospital, Nov. 20, 
 
 64. Wounded at Petersburg. S. 
 
 McCause, Francis. 26. Jan. 18, 65 Missing from Federal Point. S. 
 
 Newman, David J. 24. July 25, 61 July 8, 62. Disability. V. 
 Nichols, George B. 18. Aug. i, 61 July 21, 63. Died in Charleston of 
 
 wounds received at Ft. Wagner. V. 
 Nodal, Raphael. 30. July 18, 63 May 7, 64. Killed in action at Chester 
 
 Heights. V. 
 
 Noonan, Thomas. 22. Jan. 19, 65 Missing at Raleigh, Aug. 6, 65. S. 
 
 Oliver, Ephraim. 21. Jan. 17, 65 July 17, 65. Disability. S. 
 Pearsall, John H. 21. Aug. 2, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V.V. 
 Pearce, Benjamin B. 20. July 25, 61 June 9, 64. Died a prisoner at Rich 
 mond. Wounded at Ft. Wagner. V.V. 
 Powles, Jacob. 25. Aug. 12, 62 64. Disability. Wounded at Ft. 
 
 Wagner, Olustee and Cold Harbor. V. 
 Payne, Albert M. 24. Aug. 5, 61 64. Trans, to Navy. Wounded 
 
 at Ft. Wagner. Received the " Gillmore Medal." V.V. 
 Pease, Nicholas W. 18. Aug. 30, 61 Feb. 6, 64. Trans, to Invalid Corps. 
 
 Wounded at Ft. Wagner. V.V. 
 
 Pickens. George W. 20. Jan. 30, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 Peter, Nicholas. 44. Jan. 14, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 Rogers, Patrick. 25. Oct. 20, 63 May 13, 65. D. 
 
 Rogers, William. 22. Oct. 20, 63 Missing at Gloucester Point, Oct. 
 
 24, 64. Wounded at Olustee. S. 
 
 Reber, Emile. 33. Jan. 7, 63 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 Rota, Ludwig. 22. Jan. 8, 65 Sept. i. 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Reed, Nathaniel. 25. Feb. 22, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 Rogers, John. 20. Feb. 7, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
ROSTER AND RECORD. 3OI 
 
 COMPANY H Continued. 
 
 PRIVATES Continued. 
 
 Stebbins, John B. 18. July 23, 61 July 18, 63. Killed in action at Ft. 
 Wagner. V. 
 
 Stiegler, Clement V. 18. Sept. 7, 61 July 28, 63. Died at Beaufort of wounds 
 received at Ft. Wagner. V. 
 
 Stout, John. 18. Aug. 17, 61 Feb. 21, 65. Died at Federal Point. V.V. 
 
 Stoney, Joseph. See Q. M. Sergt., Roster of Non-Com. Staff. 
 
 Stapleton, Samuel. 25. Sept. 7, 61 Exp n of service. Wounded in 
 
 front of Petersburg. V. 
 
 Stearns, Gary D. 28. July 24, 61 Exp n of service. V. 
 
 Sims, Charles H. 25. Aug. 20, 62 Exp n of service. V. 
 
 Simon, William. 40. Oct. 20, 63 Sept. 64. Trans, to Navy. V. 
 
 Sheehan, John. 21. Sept. 23, 64. July 65. Exp n of service. D. 
 
 Shannon, Timothy J. 20. Sept. 24, 64 July 65. Exp n of service. D. 
 
 Scanlon, John. 19. Jan. 18, 65 Missing at Raleigh, June 29, 65. S. 
 
 Snyder, John. 25. Oct. 21, 63 Sept. I, 65. Muster-out of Regt. D. 
 
 Sickler, . 18. Mar. 8, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 Smith, Charles A. 18. Mar. 6, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 Tybe, John. 22. Aug. 6, 61 July 28, 62. Disability. V. 
 
 Taft, Ira B. 19. Aug. 26, 61 July 24, 62. Disability. V. 
 
 Tagmire, Frederick. 40. Aug. 28, 61 Exp n of service. V. 
 
 Tripp, Rufus W. 21. July 31, 6r July 28, 62. Disability. V. 
 
 Tovvnsend, Daniel W. 24. Feb. 28. 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 Tovvnsend, Andrew E. 18. Feb. 28, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 Tyler, Ashbel V. 18. Feb. 29, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Wound 
 ed at Ft. Fisher. S. 
 
 Thompson, Owen F. 18. Mar. 31, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 Vreeland, Daniel M. 40. July 23, 61 Oct. 6, 62. Disability. V. 
 
 Waldmire, Barney. 26. July 26, 6i; Exp n of service. V. 
 
 Walsh, Patrick. 23. Sept. 22, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Wound 
 ed at Wilmington. S. 
 
 Walters, Lemuel. 41. Aug. 14, 61 July 28, 62. Disability. V. 
 
 Williams, Jarvis W. 29. July 24, 61 July 24, 64. Exp n of service. V. 
 
 Witcomb, Vitruvius. 42. Aug. 20, 62 65. V. 
 
 Woodbury, Thos. J. 44. Aug. 12, 62 July 12, 63. Disability. V. 
 
 Walling, Thos. E. 22. Aug. 13, 61 Nov. 24, 61. Died of disease at Hilton 
 Head. V. 
 
 Weingartner, Louis. 42. May 5, 62 Feb. 20, 64. Killed in action at Olus- 
 tee. V. 
 
 Wilson, Benjamin. 20. Aug. 26, 62 July 4, 64. Died at Andersonville. 
 Taken prisoner at Ft. Wagner. V. 
 
 Witherspoon, James M. 19. Aug. 19, 61 July 18, 63. Killed in action at Ft. 
 Wagner. V. 
 
 Wolt, John E. 24. Aug. 29, 61 May 18, 62. Died of disease on Dawfuskie 
 Island. V. 
 
 Wilson, James. 23. Jan. 18, 65 Missing at Raleigh, Aug. 13, 65. S. 
 
 Wertz, Herman. 18. Jan. 18, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 Wheeler, Charles. 18. Feb. 3, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 
 Zouroskie, William. 35. Aug. 10, 61 July 18, 63. Killed in action at Ft. 
 Wagner. V. 
 
 Zohn, Frederick. 40. Jan. 17, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
302 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, JV. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 COMPANY I. 
 
 CAPTAINS. 
 
 Ward, Joseph G. 25. July 25/61 Jan. 18, 62. Resigned. Capt. Aug, 16, 61. V. 
 
 Ferguson, Asa H. See Capt., Roster of Co. C. 
 
 Fee, John A. 27. Sept. 9, 62 July 15, 64. Died of wounds rec d at Peters 
 burg mine explosion. 2d Lieut. Sept. 9, 62; ist Lieut. July 18, 63; Capt. 
 April 6, 64. V. 
 
 Hutchinson, Elbridge J. 32. Aug. 5, 61 May 25, 65. Discharged. Promoted 
 from ist Sergt. Co. F to 2d Lieut. July 3, 63; ist Lieut. April 6, 64; Capt. 
 Aug. 16, 64. Wounded at Ft. Wagner. V. 
 
 Downer, Edw. 30. Aug. 14, 62 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. ist Lieut. 
 Aug. 14, 62; Capt. March 26, 64. Trans, from nyth N. Y. Vols. V. 
 
 FIRST LIEUTENANTS. 
 
 Swartwout, Samuel M. See Major, Roster of Field and Staff. 
 Vidal, Theodore C. 22. Sept. 5, 61 Jan. 18, 64. Commissioned ist Lieut, 
 
 Signal Corps. 2d Lieut. Sept. 5, 61; ist Lieut. Dec. 24, 62; Capt. Aug. 28, 
 
 63 (declined). V. 
 
 Dunn, James W. See Capt., Roster of Co. E. 
 Giles, John S. 20. Aug. 20, 61 Sept. I, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Promoted 
 
 from Sergt. Co. B to 2d Lieut. Aug. i, 64; ist Lieut. Jan. 15, 65. V.V. 
 
 SECOND LIEUTENANTS. 
 
 Perry, James H., Jr. 21. July 26, 61 Sept. 3, 62. Resigned. 2d Lieut. Sept. 
 14, 61. V. 
 
 Keenan, James M. 28. Sept. 13, 61 Feb. 20, 64. Killed in action at Olustee. 
 Promoted from Sergt. Co. B to 2d Lieut. July 5, 63. V. 
 
 Van Tassel, Thomas W. 18. Aug. 26, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. 
 Promoted from Sergt. Co. B to 2d Lieut. Jan. i, 65. Wounded at Ft. Wag 
 ner and Deep Bottom. V.V. 
 
 FIRST SERGEANTS. 
 Allen, Wm. H. 43. July 19, 61 Aug. 15, 64. Exp n of service. Wounded 
 
 at Cold Harbor. V. 
 
 Barrow, Winfield S. See 2d Lieut., Roster of Co. K. 
 Easson, Peter. 20. Sept. 17, 61 Aug. 15, 64. Exp n of service. Wounded 
 
 at Olustee. V. 
 
 Johnson, George W. 26. July 17, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. V. 
 Kormonisky Henry. 23. July 61 Jan. 25, 65. Disaoility. Wounded at 
 
 Chester Heights. V.V. 
 
 McCalvey, William. 23. Sept. 10, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. V. 
 Morrill, Joseph. See 2d Lieut., Roster of Co. B. 
 Redman, Enoch J. See ist Lieut., Roster of Co. F. 
 
 Redmon, Nathaniel. 18. Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V.V. 
 
 Renshavv, John. 32. July 17, 61 Aug. 16, 64. Exp n of service. Wounded 
 
 at Chester Heights. V. 
 Riordan, John. 26. July 28, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. Wounded at 
 
 Deep Bottom. V. 
 
 SERGEANTS. 
 Benley, John H. 33. Aug. 10, 61 Disability. Wounded at Drewry s 
 
 Bluff. V. 
 Boomer, Willard M. 18. Feb. 17, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 
AND RECORD. 
 
 303 
 
 COMPANY I Continued. 
 
 SERGEANTS Continued. 
 
 Duncan, Samuel. 19. Nov. 22. 63 Sept. i, 65. 
 Kelly, Francis. 22. Nov. 9, 61 Sept. i, 65. 
 McMann, John. 27. Jan. 15, 64 June 8, 65. 
 
 Drewry s Bluff. V. 
 Middlehood, Geo. L. 26. Oct. 17, 64 Sept. i, 65. 
 
 Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 Muster-out of Regt. V.V. 
 Died (drowned). Wounded at 
 
 Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 CORPORALS. 
 
 July 23, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. Wounded 
 July 17, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. Wounded 
 
 Barton, Robert. 21. 
 
 at Olustee. V. 
 Brittain, Nath. W. 31. 
 
 at Olustee. V. 
 
 Clifton, George. 32. Feb. 21, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Cox, James. 29. Aug. 26, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V.V. 
 Farrar, Asa E. 25. Aug. i, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V.V. 
 Finley, Thomas. 45. Sept. i, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Wounded 
 V.V. 
 
 Mar. 9, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Aug. 21, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. Wounded 
 
 Muster-out of Regt. Wounded 
 
 at Cold Harbor. 
 Frew, Francis. 23. 
 Henley, John. 27. 
 
 at Olustee. V. 
 Rodgers, John. 28. July n, 64 Sept. i, 65. 
 
 at Cold Harbor. V. 
 
 Smith, James. 28. Feb. 20, 65 Sept. r, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Taylor, William. 23. Jan. 16, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Twamley, Peter. 21. July 23, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. Wounded 
 
 at Olustee. V. 
 Williams, Chas. E. 18. Aug.i6, 61 Aug. n, 64. Disability. Wounded at 
 
 Petersburg mine explosion. V.V. 
 Zichlinsky, Edwin D. 34. May 22, 62 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. 
 
 Wounded at Petersburg mine explosion and twice at Deep Bottom. V. 
 
 MUSICIANS. 
 Beith, James. 19. Aug. 26, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Trans. 
 
 from Private. Co. C upon re-enlistment. V.V. 
 
 Griffin, Andrew F. 23. Aug. n, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V.V. 
 McLoughlin, James P. 18. Aug. 13, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. 
 
 Wounded at Olustee. V. 
 McLoughlin, Wm. 16. Aug. 13, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. V. 
 
 WAGONERS. 
 
 French, Henry. 20. July 29, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. V. 
 Pinkerton, Henry. 45. Aug. 5, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V.V. 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 Arnold, John. 19. July 20, 61 April 19, 65. Died of disease at Willett s 
 
 Point. V.V. 
 
 Alliger, Jacques. 28. June 12, 62 Feb. 20, 64. Killed in action at Olustee. V. 
 Barton, John. 26. Sept. 9, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V.V. 
 Bachman, Fred. H. 19. Sept. 2, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Wounded 
 
 at Drewry s Bluff. V.V. 
 Beam, Hamilton D. 18. Aug. 13, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. 
 
 Wounded at Olustee. V. 
 
 Boyce, Edward. 32. July 23, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. V. 
 Boyd, Samuel. 36. July 31, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. Wounded 
 
 at Deep Bottom. V. 
 
304 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. V. S. VOLS. 
 
 COMPANY I Continued. 
 
 PRIVATES Continued. 
 
 Burmester, Henry. 24. Jan. 20, 64 June 30, 64. Killed in action at Peters 
 burg mine explosion. V. 
 
 Bee, George. 41. July 23, 61 Feb. 24, 64. Died of wounds received on 
 picket in Florida. V. 
 
 Bell, James. 22. Oct. 20, 63 Missing from hospital, June 8, 64. 
 
 Wounded at Drewry s Bluff. V. 
 
 Bradley, Reuben H. 38. Mar. 9, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 Boyd. John. 23. Oct. 20, 63 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 Berrey, Samuel. 20. Mar. 4, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 Borling, Robt. 21. Feb. 22, 65 Missing in transit from rendezvous. S. 
 
 Curran, Joseph H. 19. Sept. 13, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Wound 
 ed at Petersburg. V.V. 
 
 Cummings, Albert. 23. Sept. 2, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V.V. 
 
 Cook, George W. 28. July 20, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n -of service. Wounded 
 at Chester Heights. V. 
 
 Corbett, Charles. 27. July 23, 61 Trans, to Invalid Corps. V. 
 
 Clarkson, Wm. 25. July 28, 61 Aug. 20, 64. Wounded at Peters 
 
 burg. V.V. 
 
 Cusick, John. 29. July 26, 61 Feb. 20, 64. Killed in action at Olustee. V. 
 
 Crovvley, Thomas. 34. July 25, 61 June i, 64. Killed in action at Cold Har 
 bor. Wounded at Olustee. V. 
 
 Crunnion, Michael. 29. July 20, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. V. 
 
 Cyle, Nathan. 21. Oct. 20, 63 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Wounded 
 at Olustee. S. 
 
 Downs, Michael. 23. Jan. 12, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Wounded 
 in field, Va. V. 
 
 Dunne, Edward. 21. Apl. 30, 62 Sept. 2, 64. Died of disease at Ft. Mon 
 roe. V. 
 
 Day, Frank. 25. Nov. 21, 61 July 29, 64. V. 
 
 Drake, William. 22. Feb. 21, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 Dallard, Michael. 24. Feb. 21, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 Detlor, John. 23. Mar. 7, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 Dickinson, William. 32. Oct. 20, 63 May 5, 65. Wounded at Olus 
 
 tee. S. 
 
 Donaldson, John. 21. Oct. 20, 63 Apl. 26, 64. Trans, to Navy. S. 
 
 Donovan, Wm. 19. Mar. 4, 65 Missing at Raleigh, July IT, 65. S. 
 
 Evans, Talisen. 18. Jan. 9, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 
 Early. Bartholomew. 18. Jan. 19, 65 Missing at Raleigh, July n, 
 
 65. S. 
 
 Foley, William. 20. Aug. 17, 61 May 5, 65. Wounded and taken 
 
 prisoner at Olustee. V. 
 
 Farrell, James. 19. Aug. 5, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. Wounded 
 at Olustee. V. 
 
 Garigan, John. 26. Aug. 5, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. Wounded 
 at Chester Heights. V. 
 
 Gonzales, Alvis. 24. Feb. 23, 62 65. Exp n of service. Wounded at 
 
 Olustee and Cold Harbor. V. 
 
 Garsides, Joel. 18. Nov. 22, 61 Missing from Brooklyn, N. Y., 
 
 July, 62. V. 
 
 Gauley, William. 18. Aug. 2, 61 May 16, 64. Killed in action at Drewry s 
 Bluff. V. 
 
 Garvey, John. 19. Mar. 3, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 Gillor, August. 29. Nov. 9, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 Hart, John. 25. Aug. 17, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V.V. 
 
ROSTER AND RECORD. 30$ 
 
 COMPANY I Continued. 
 
 PRIVATES Continued. 
 Hart, Asher C. 20. Aug. 5, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. Wounded at 
 
 Olustee. V. 
 Hendrickson, Geo. W. 27. Aug. 5, 61 Mar. 31, 62. Died of disease on Daw- 
 
 fuskie Island. V. 
 Hart, Thomas. 18. Apl. i, 62 Missing from Hilton Head, Aug. i, 
 
 62. V. 
 
 Harkins, John. 36. Jan. 20, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Haley, James J. 32. Feb. 21, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Hiter, William. 18. Feb. 28, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Hoffman, Paul. 21. Sept. 27, 64 May 5, 65. S. 
 
 Heinmann, James. 22. Jan. 14, 65 Missing from Raleigh, Apl. 15, 
 
 65. S. . 
 
 Hale, Alex. 24. Mar. 18, 65 Missing from Raleigh, Aug. 5, 65. S. 
 
 Hunsviller, Henry. 22. Oct. 20, 63 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Taken 
 
 prisoner at Cold Harbor; re-taken at Wilmington. V. 
 
 Judd, Benjamin. 23. Dec. 28, 63 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 Jackson, Robert. 31. Feb. 15, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 Johnson, William. 21. Aug. 17, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. Wounded 
 
 at Olustee and Cold Harbor. V. 
 
 Johnson, Robert. 18. Aug. 4, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. V. 
 Jennings, Thomas. 38. July 22, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. Wounded 
 
 in the field, Va. V. 
 
 Jones, Joseph. 20. Aug. 3, 61 Feb. 20, 64. Killed in action at Olustee. V. 
 Jackson, John F. 26. Oct. 20, 63 Aug. 14, 64. Killed in action at Deep 
 
 Bottom. V. 
 
 Johnson, Alex. 18. Jan. 20, 64 June, 64. Wounded at Chester Heights. V. 
 Johnson, Charles. 21. Aug. 16, 61 Sept. 3. 64. V.V. 
 
 James, William. 23. Oct. 30, 63 Apl. 26, 64. Trans, to Navy. Wounded 
 
 at Olustee. S. 
 
 Keily, Bartholomew. 40. July 22, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. V. 
 Kennedy, Daniel. 18. Jan. 23, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Livingston, Thomas. 23. Aug. 21, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. 
 
 Wounded at Cold Harbor. V. 
 
 Lawless, Thomas. 21. Jan. 13, 65 Sept. i, ,65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Link, Louis. 33. Feb. 22, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Lonas, Oscar. 19. Jan. 17, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Langdon, John. 21. Feb. 17, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Lowell, Frederick. 19. Jan. 20, 65 July 5, 65. S. 
 
 Leyersin, Wm. 25. Sept. 25, 64 June 2, 65. S. 
 
 Luwig, Frank. 29. Sept. 23, 64 June 2, 65. S. 
 
 Laschinoff, Alex. 20. Jan. 12, 65 Missing from Wilmington, Mar. 6, 
 
 65. S. 
 Malone, Chas. H. 20. Jan. 19, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Wounded 
 
 at Ft. Fisher. V. 
 Miller, John. 20. Aug. 3, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Wounded 
 
 at Hatcher s Run. V.V. 
 
 Mcllvaine, James F. 23. Aug. 21, 62 July 25, 65. V. 
 
 Martin, John. 38. Sept. 3, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. V. 
 McLoughlin, Jas. 26. Nov. 26, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. Wounded 
 
 at Olustee. V. 
 McNamara, Wm. 28. July 15, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. Wounded 
 
 at Chester Heights. V. 
 McKee, Thos. 19. Aug. 16, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. Wounded 
 
 at Cold Harbor. V. 
 Muldrey, Thos. See Corporal, Roster Co. E. 
 
306 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 COMPANY I Continued. 
 
 PRIVATES Continued. 
 
 McCormick, John. 18. Aug. 7, 61 Dec. 23, 63. Died of disease at Brook 
 lyn, N. Y. V. 
 
 Miniach, John. 44. Aug. 16, 61 June 6, 65. Wounded at Petersburg 
 
 and Hatcher s Run. V.V. 
 
 Martin, Jonas. 21. Feb. 17, 65 Sept. I, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 Mahon, James. 40. Feb. 21, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 Murphy, John. 26. Jan. 20, 65 Sept. I, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 Moffat, George. 32. Feb. 22, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 Murray, Francis. 21. Feb. 22, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 Montonour, Wm. H. 19. March 17, 65 Sept. I, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 McDermott, Timothy. 40. Feb. 22, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 Mclntyre, Jas. 26. Mar. 3, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 McGuire, James. 36. Mar. 9, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 McCarty, John. 30. Sept. 29, 64 May 5, 65. S. 
 
 Monroe, Henry. 22. Feb. 14, 65 Missing from Raleigh, Aug. 6, 
 
 65. S. 
 
 Morris, George. 18. Feb. 17, 65 Missing from Raleigh, Aug. 6, 
 
 65. S. 
 
 Murphy, Thos. 18. Feb. 22, 65 Missing from Raleigh, Aug. 6, 65. S. 
 
 Nolan, James. 18. July 20, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. V. 
 
 Nerney, Marcole. 28. Aug. i, 63 Mar. 20, 64. Killed while a prisoner. 
 Taken prisoner at Olustee. S. 
 
 Noble, William. 22. Feb. 15, 65 Missing at Raleigh, Aug. 18/65. S. 
 
 Orr, David. 32. July 12, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. Wounded at 
 Cold Harbor. V. 
 
 Oxley, James. 29. Nov. 22, 61 June 8, 62. Died of disease at Ft. Pu- 
 laski. V. 
 
 O Brien, William. 28. Feb. 20, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 Piper, Fred. H. 28. July 28, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. V. 
 
 Pridy, Robert. 27. July 28, 61 Feb. 20, 64. Killed in action at Olustee. V. 
 
 Pelisier, Louis. 26. Aug. 20, 63 Missing from Petersburg, Sept. 23, 
 
 64. Wounded at Hatcher s Run. V. 
 
 Pettingell, John. 19. Feb. 16, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 Perkins, James. 21. Feb. 22, 65 May 5, 65. S. 
 
 Prentiss, Wm. T. 28. Feb. 23, 65 June 22, 65. Died of disease at Raleigh. S. 
 
 Parker, E. A. 28. Feb. 18, 65 Missing from Raleigh, Aug. 4, 65. S. 
 
 Phenix, Eben. 20. Feb. 17, 65 Missing from Raleigh, Aug. 3, 65. S. 
 
 Roche, Marcus. 27. Jan. 6, 63 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 
 Read, Frank. 18. Feb. 27, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 
 Riecke, Bernard. 21. Aug. 16, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. V. 
 
 Rogers, John. 18. Aug. 6, 61 June i, 64. Killed in action at Cold Har 
 bor. V. 
 
 Rosebash, Wm. A. 27. Jan. 17, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 Rollo, George. 20. Jan. "30, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 Rownton, Alfred. 20. Feb. 28, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 Rogers, Chas. B. 18. Feb. 28, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 Reopel, Charles. 18. Mar. 3, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 Rogaber, Maximilian. 30. Jan. 14, 65 July 25, 65. S. 
 
 Rosch, Charles. 23. Feb. 21, 65 Aug. 30, 65. S. 
 
 Rogan, Patrick. 33. Feb. 24, 65 May 4, 65. S. 
 
 Roach, John. 21. Feb. 21, 65 Missing at Raleigh, Aug. 4, 65. S. 
 
 Ryan, James. 19. Jan. 19, 65 Missing from Wilmington, Mar. 3, 
 
 65. S. 
 
 Ricea, Louis. 33. Feb. 23, 65 Missing from Raleigh, July u, 65. S. 
 
FOSTER AND RECORD. 307 
 
 COMPANY I Continued. 
 
 PRIVATES Continued. 
 
 Rosa, Charles. 25. Feb. 23, 65 Missing from Raleigh, June 16, 65. S. 
 
 Schaaf, Henry. 20. July 23, 61 Sept. I, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V.V. 
 Scheeling, Anthony. 42. Aug. 8, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V.V. 
 Starck, Wm. P. 26. Jan. 15, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Wounded 
 
 at Drewry s Bluff. V. 
 Sullivan, Wm. A. 21. Aug. 5, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. Wounded 
 
 at Olustee. V. 
 Styler, Joseph. 19. Aug. i, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of ^service. Wounded 
 
 at Olustee. V. 
 Shorrer, Daniel. 19. Oct. 20, 63 Wounded at Olustee. Missing 
 
 from hospital at Willett s Point, Aug. i, 64. V. 
 
 Smith, William. 22. Jan. 12, 65 July 19, 65. Wounded in N. C. S. 
 
 Schmidt, John. 19. Jan. 20, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Snail, George. 18. Feb. 17, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Sliter, William. Sept. 23, 64 June 2, 65. " S. 
 
 Schneider, Ludwig. 28. Jan. 19, 65 Aug. 8, 65. Died of disease at 
 
 Raleigh. S. 
 
 Sulzer, Carl. 27. Mar. 9, 65 Aug. 9, 65. Died of disease at Raleigh. S. 
 Shea, John. 20. Jan. 13, 65 Missing from Wilmington, Mar. 3, 65. S. 
 
 Turner, Robert. 33. Aug. 30, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V.V. 
 Thompson, Gabriel. 26. Sept. 16, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. V. 
 Tuoney, John. 20. Jan. 16, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Teachout, Squire. 25. Feb. 12, 64 May 5, 65. S. 
 
 Van Eck, Frank. 40. May 20, 63 May 5, 65. S. 
 
 Williams, John. 38. Feb. 8, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 Whalen, John. 30. July 22, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Wounded 
 
 at Ft. Fisher. V. 
 Walser, Fernando. 38. Apl. 18, 63 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. 
 
 Wounded at Ft. Fisher. V. 
 
 Ward, John. 36. July 28, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. V. 
 Wilson, James. 32. July 30, 61 Trans, to Invalid Corps. V. 
 
 Whelan, James. 19. July 30, 61 Sept. 19, 64. Wounded at Peters 
 
 burg. V.V. 
 
 Weitz, John. 38. Jan. 18, 65 May 5, 65. S. 
 
 Welman, Henry. 24. June n, 63 May 3, 65. Wounded at Olustee. S. 
 Wolfe, August. 23. Aug. 22, 63 Apl. 26, 64. Trans, to Navy. S. 
 Wenman, Chas. M. 19. Jan. 12, 65 Missing from Mt. Olive Station, 
 
 Mar. 9, 65. S. 
 
 Wood, Thos. B. 33. Aug. 5, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. V. 
 Woods, James. 19. Jan. 19, 65 Missing from Wilmington, Mar. 3, 
 
 65. S. 
 Wrample, Chas. A. 31. Jan. 25, 64 Missing from furlough, Aug. 12, 
 
 65. S. 
 Young, John. 30. July 28, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. Wounded at 
 
 Olustee. V. 
 Zaile, Henry. 38. Jan. 20, 65 Aug. 16, 65. S. 
 
308 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 COMPANY K. 
 
 CAPTAINS. 
 Foster, Samuel J. 33. Aug. i, 61 Jan. 26, 63. Resigned. Capt. Aug. 16, 
 
 61. V. 
 Hurst, Frederick. 21. July 24, 61 July 31, 63. Died in Charleston of 
 
 wounds received at Ft. Wagner. ist Lieut. Co. E Aug. 27, 61; Capt. 
 
 Jan. 26, 63. V. 
 
 Miller, Albert F. See Major, Roster of Field and Staff. 
 Umpleby, Charles B. 27. Aug. 6, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. 
 
 Promoted from ist Sergt. to 2d Lieut. July 30, 64; ist Lieut. Nov. II, 64;. 
 
 Capt. Apl. 13, 65. Wounded at Ft. Wagner. V.V. 
 
 FIRST LIEUTENANTS. 
 
 Gale, Sylvanus G. 23. Aug. 8, 61 May 8, 62. Resigned, ist Lieut. Aug. 
 16, 61. V. 
 
 Hatfield, Townsend L. See ist Lieut., Roster of Co. C. 
 
 Acker, Henry. 23. Aug. 6, 61 Nov. 12, 64. Resigned. Promoted from ist 
 Sergt. Co. C to 2d Lieut. May 22, 63; ist Lieut. Aug. 28, 63. Wounded 
 at Morris Island and Chester Heights. V. 
 
 Garaghan, Henry T. See Capt., Roster of Co. E. 
 
 Smith, Peter W. 26. Aug. 20, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Promoted 
 from Sergt. Co. B to 2d Lieut. Aug. 14, 64; ist Lieut. Jan. i, 65. 
 Wounded at Ft. Wagner and Deep Bottom. V.V. 
 
 O Brien, Jeremiah. 29. Sept. 24, 61 July 30, 64. Killed in action at Peters 
 burg mine explosion. Promoted from Sergt. Co. C to 2d Lieut. Mar. 10, 
 64; ist Lieut. July 15, 64 (not mustered). Wounded at Ft. Wagner and 
 Olustee. V. 
 
 SECOND LIEUTENANTS. 
 
 Smith, George L. 24. Aug. 6, 61 Sept. 30, 63. Resigned. Promoted from 
 ist Sergt. Co. K to Sergt. Maj.; 2d Lieut. Dec. 24, 62. V. 
 
 Sweeney, James. 24. Aug. 15, 61 Feb. 29, 64. Cashiered. Promoted from 
 Sergt. Co. E to 2d Lieut. July 18, 63. V. 
 
 Barrow. Winfield S. 22. Jan. i, 64 June 20, 65. Dismissed. Promoted 
 from ist Sergt. Co. I to 2d Lieut. Jan. i, 65. V. 
 
 Holmes, Lewis. 19. Aug. 16, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Pro 
 moted from Sergt. to 2d Lieut. Apl. 13, 65. V.V. 
 
 Hunter, William B. 19. Aug. 7, 61 July 7, 64. Discharged. Promoted 
 from Sergt. to 2d Lieut. Mar. 8, 64. V. 
 
 FIRST SERGEANTS. 
 
 Hallenbeck, Addison. 22. Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 Dawson, Tom. See ist Lieut., Roster of Co. A. 
 
 SERGEANTS. 
 Gardner, Lavillian B. 21. Aug. 12, 61 Aug. 12, 64. Exp n of service. 
 
 Wounded at Chester Heights. V. 
 Johnson, Daniel, Jr. 25. Aug. 22, 61 July 18, 63. Killed in action at Ft. 
 
 Wagner. V. 
 
 Lake, John T. 34. Sept. 13, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V.V. 
 McKee, Joseph S. 20. Aug. 15, 61 July 18, 63. Killed in action at Ft. 
 
 Wagner. V. 
 
&OSTEK AND RECORD. 
 
 309 
 
 COMPANY K-Continued. 
 
 SERGEANTS Continued. 
 
 McPherson, Jas. 19. Aug. 6, 61 July 18, 63. Killed at Ft. Wagner. V. 
 Ralston, Edward. 27. Aug. 19, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V.V. 
 Robinson, John W. 32. Sept. 13, 61 Nov. 3, 63. V. 
 
 Smith, John. 30. Aug. 9, 61 July 18, 63. Killed in action at Ft. Wagner. V. 
 Seaward, Benjamin. See Adjt., Roster of Field and Staff. 
 
 Spear, Christopher H. 20. Jan. 18, 65 Sept. r, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Van Aken, Martin. 18. Sept. 5, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. Wounded 
 
 at Port Royal Ferry and Ft. Wagner. V. 
 Wilkins, W. F. 23. Aug. 9, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V.V. 
 
 CORPORALS. 
 
 Aug. i, 61 Nov. 16, 63. 
 65- 
 
 Ackerly, N. S. 20. 
 
 Adams, Henry. 19. Aug. 29, 63 Sept. i 
 
 prisoner at Strawberry Plains. V. 
 Brower, John. 31. Aug. 8, 61 Jan. 26 
 
 Corps. Wounded at Ft. Wagner. V. 
 Barnett, Edward. 23. Aug. i, 61 June 2, 64. 
 
 Harbor. V.V. 
 Broderick, Michael. 24. Sept. i, 63 April 
 
 Wounded at Wilmington. V. 
 Balcomb, Birney. 21. Feb. 17, 64 Aug. 9, 65. 
 Campbell, Isaac. 30. Jan. 20, 63 Oct. 20, 64. 
 
 at Olustee. V. 
 Conklin, Geo. A. 22. Aug. 9, 61 Dec. n, 63. 
 
 at Ft. Wagner. V. 
 
 Aug. 5, 61 Aug. 12, 63. 
 
 W d at Ft. Wagner. V. 
 Muster-out of Regt. Taken 
 
 64. Trans, to Veteran Reserve 
 
 C3. 
 
 Killed in action at Cold 
 65. Died of wounds. 
 
 Died of disease. 
 Died of wounds. 
 
 V. 
 Wounded 
 
 Conklin, Francis. 19. 
 
 at Ft. Wagner. V. 
 Conklin. Selah J. 19. 
 
 Died of wounds. Wounded 
 Died of wounds. Wounded 
 
 Aug. 9, 61 Mar. 8, 62. 
 
 Dec. 22, 61 Feb. 20, 64. 
 
 Died of disease. V. 
 Supposed killed in action at 
 
 Killed in action at Olustee. 
 Died of wounds rec d at 
 
 Cahill, Henry. 20. 
 
 Olustee. V. 
 Dingee, Hezekiah. 19. Sept. 5, 61 Feb. 20, 64. 
 
 Wounded at Ft. Wagner. V. 
 Duffy, Francis. 24. Nov. 30, 63 June 30, 64. 
 
 Petersburg. Wounded at Olustee. V. 
 
 Daley, John G. 20. Feb. 15, 65 Missing from Raleigh, Aug. n, 65. S. 
 
 Ellison, Albert. 22. Aug. 19, 61 July 15, 64. Wounded at Ft. Wagner. V. 
 
 Grey, Ward F. 23. Aug. 9, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. V. 
 Gregory, James G. 19. Sept. 3, 61 July 18, 63. Killed in action at Ft. 
 
 Wagner. V. 
 Goodrich, Isaac. 33. July 21, 63 May /, 64. Killed in action at Chester 
 
 Heights. Wounded at Olustee. V. 
 Grannagle, Wm. 22. May 21, 62 June i, 64. Killed at Cold Harbor. Wounded 
 
 at Olustee. V. 
 
 Glennon, Joseph. 19. Sept. 26, 64 Sept. i. 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Hilliker, Alonzo. 27. Aug. 5, 61 July 18, 63. Killed in action at Ft. 
 
 Wagner. V. 
 Hart, Maltby B. 19. Sept. 9, 61 June 24, 64. Died of wounds rec d at 
 
 Petersburg. Wounded at Olustee and Cold Harbor. V. 
 Hoffman, Alvin D. 20. Aug. 10, 61 July 5, 64. Died of wounds rec d at 
 
 Petersburg. V.V. 
 Johnson, John J. 30. Dec. 5, 61 June 29, 64. Died of wounds. Wounded 
 
 at Cold Harbor. V. 
 
 King, Wm. V. 23. Aug. 29, 61 Feb. i, 62. Com d 2d Lieut, sgth N.Y.V. V. 
 King, Joseph. 42. Feb. 17, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
 21 
 
3IO FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 COMPANY K Continued. 
 
 CORPORALS Continued. 
 
 King, Charles. 22. Mar. 8, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 McDougal, John. 22. Mar. 8. 65 Sept. I, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Ryder, James. 35. July 20, 63 June 16. 65. Wounded at Olustee. V. 
 
 Raymond, Bradford. 18. Sept. 27, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. D. 
 Scudder, Wm. S. 19. Aug. i, 61 Mar. 12, 64. Wounded and taken 
 
 prisoner at Ft. Wagner. V. 
 Terrill, Horatio. 19. Sept. 6, 61 Feb. 20, 64. Supposed killed in action at 
 
 Olustee V. 
 Turnbull, Edward. 18. Aug. 19, 61 July 20, 64. Died of wounds rec d at 
 
 Cold Harbor. V. 
 
 White, James. 23. Aug. 8, 61 May 12, 63. Disability. V. 
 Wyman, John. 26. Aug. 8, 61 Oct. 19, 62. Disability. V. 
 Westerfield, James. 28. Aug. 21, 61 July 18, 63. Killed at Ft. Wagner. V. 
 
 MUSICIANS. 
 
 Bennett, Elihu. 16. Aug. 8, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V.V. 
 Decker, Geo. W. 15. Sept. 5, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V.V. 
 
 WAGONER. 
 
 Giddis, Chas. J. 21. Aug. 19, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Trans, 
 from Private, Co. D, upon re-enlistment. V.V. 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 Atkins, John. 23. Sept. 23, 61 June 17, 65. Wounded at Ft. 
 
 Fisher. V.V. 
 
 Abbott, Henry B. 25. Aug. 14, 61 Sept. 16, 62. Disability. V. 
 Augustine, Andrew. 33. Sept. 2, 63 July 8, 65. Wounded at Ft. 
 
 Fisher. V. 
 
 Bickford, John F. 26. Aug. 7, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. V. 
 Bickford, Chas C. 28. Aug. 8, 61 Missing at Petersburg mine ex 
 
 plosion. V.V. 
 
 Bradley, John M. 18. Aug. 8, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. V. 
 Brown, Henry L. 27. Aug. 9, 61 Sept. 16, 62. Disability. V. 
 Bishop, Charles. 19. Aug. 14, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. Wounded 
 
 at Ft. Wagner. V. 
 Bouton, William. 23. Sept. i, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. Taken 
 
 prisoner at Ft. Wagner. V. 
 
 Banon. Wm. H. 20. Feb. 23, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt S. 
 Bean, Peter H. 32. Oct. 20, 63 Jan. 3, 64. Trans, to usth N. Y. V. V. 
 Broser, William. 20. Jan. 18, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Baker, Henry. 20. Feb. 4, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Bernhard, Joseph. 21. Mar. 8, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Berio, Perin. 25. Jan. 5, 62 Missing, Aug. 4, 64. V. 
 
 Bergen, John. 21. May 22, 62 Missing, May 22, 64. V. 
 
 Bushney, Oliver. 20. Feb. 17, 65 Missing, Aug. 2, 65. S. 
 
 Conklin, Wm. H. 19. Aug. 24, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. V. 
 Commerdinger, John P. 28. Aug. 6, 61 July 29, 62. Disability. V. 
 Conklin, Melville R. 18. Aug. 5, 61 June 5, 64. Trans, to Veteran Reserve 
 
 Corps. Wounded at Ft. Wagner. V. 
 
 Cameron. Benjamin. 23. Feb. 21, 65 Missing, Aug. 2, 65. S. 
 
 Casey, Michael. 26. Aug. i, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Wounded 
 
 at Cold Harbor. V.V. 
 
 Cunningham, Peter. 43. Aug. 28, 63 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. D. 
 Cullen, Michael. 19. Mar. 28, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 
ROSTER AND RECORD. 311 
 
 COMPANY K Continued. 
 
 PRIVATES Continued. 
 
 Carlton, Thomas. 18. Jan. 18, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Cole, Robert H. 23. Feb. 23, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Cook. George W. 31. Jan. 19, 64 July 19, 65. Wounded at 
 
 Chester Heights. V. 
 
 Devine, Thomas. 20. Mar. 8, 65 Missing, June 28, 65. S. 
 
 Demmy, John. 23. Aug. 29, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. Wounded 
 
 at Olustee. V. 
 Dearing, John F. 22. Sept. i, 63 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Wounded 
 
 at Cold Harbor. D. 
 
 Dahn, William. 23. Jan. 4, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Embree, Augustus. 21. Aug. 3, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. Wounded 
 
 at Deep Bottom. V. 
 Engleman, John. 41. Jan. 20, 64 July 3, 65. Wounded at Chester 
 
 Heights. V. 
 
 Early. Jacob. 29. Feb. 22, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Evard, August. 26. Mar. 24, 62 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V.V. 
 Eckert, Henry. 40. Jan. 18, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Elliott, Austin. 22. July 14, 63 May 3, 65. Wounded at Chester 
 
 Heights and Cold Harbor. V. 
 
 Ferguson, William. 24. Aug. 8, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. V. 
 Finnegan, Bernard. 24. Jan. 19, 65 Missing, March 3, 65. S. 
 
 Fitzpatrick, John. 20. Jan. 10, 64 Missing, June 7, 65. Wounded 
 
 at Olustee. S. 
 
 Flynn, John. 18. Jan. 9, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Flynn, Daniel. 40. Jan. 16, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Fallen, Jacob. 29. Oct. 12/64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Ferkie, Augustus H. 32. Mar. 8, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Gardner, Rufus R. 19. Aug. 12. 61 July 29, 62. Disability. V. 
 Garry, Michael. 41. Aug. 12, 61 Jan. 5, 64. Trans, to Veteran Reserve 
 
 Corps. Wounded at Ft. Wagner. V. 
 
 Gordon, Robert. 22. Feb. 22, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Gallagher, James G. 18. Mar. 8, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Geary, Patrick. 28. Mar. 8, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Gosten, John. 20. Mar. 8, 65 Sept. i. 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Gill, Eugene H. 30. Jan. 7, 64 Jan. 28, 65. Wounded at Ft. Fisher. S. 
 
 Hess, William. 20. Aug. 9, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Wounded 
 
 at Ft. Wagner. V.V. 
 Hess, Daniel. 18. Aug. 17, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Reg"t. Wounded 
 
 at Ft. Wagner. V.V. 
 
 Hostrander, Huam. 39. Aug. 9, 61 Dec. 23, 62. Disability. V. 
 Henkle, Adolphus. 19. Aug. 8, 61 Dec. 12, 62. Commissioned ist Lieut. 
 
 in 3d Maryland Vols. V. 
 
 Heydorn, Mark. 20. Aug. 8, "61 Sept. 20. 64. Exp n of service. V. 
 Halwick, Peter M. 23. Aug. 17, 61 May 6, 62. Disability. V. 
 Hewitt, Ezekiel G. 22. June 16, 62 Jan. 30, 65. Wounded at 
 
 Olustee. V. 
 
 Hill, James. 24. Mar. 16, 65 June 25, 65. Died of disease. S. 
 Harrison, Charles L. 21. Mar. 21, 62 May 2, 65. Wounded at 
 
 Petersburg. V.V. 
 
 Hodges, Thomas. Sept. i, 63 Missing, Mar. 28, 65. V. 
 
 Hussback, Henry. 20. Jan. 20, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. 
 
 Wounded at Olustee. V. 
 
 Hilger, Nicholas. 25. Jan. 18, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Hahn, Henry. 24. Jan. 17, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 
312 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 COMPANY K Continued. 
 
 PRIVATES Con tin ued. 
 
 Hamilton, John W. 19. Mar. 4, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Inslee, Charles. 20. Aug. 6, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. V. 
 Jackson, John. 30. Jan. 18, "65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Jones, John. 25. Jan. 31, 65 Missing, Mar. 15/65. S. 
 
 Kelly, Michael. 44. Aug. 8, 61 May 12, 63. Disability. V. 
 Kalmyer, Fred. 22. May 22, 62 May 12, 65. Wounded at Olus- 
 
 tee and Cold Harbor. V. 
 
 King, Thomas. 21. Aug. 28, 63 May i, 64. Trans, to Navy, V. 
 Keyser, John. 29. Sept. 2, 63 Jan. 3, 64. Trans, to usth N. Y. V. V. 
 Kelly, Thomas. 23. Aug. 14. 61 63. Died. Wounded at Ft. Wagner. V. 
 Kerater, M. 21. Mar. 4, 62 V. 
 
 Krueger, August. 22. May 21, 62 June 26, 65. Wounded at 
 
 Drewry s Bluff. V.V. 
 
 Kelly, Daniel C. 43. Aug. 12, 61 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V.V. 
 Lake. James M. C. 26. Aug. 28, 61 Dec. 24, 64. Wounded at 
 
 Petersburg. V.V. 
 
 Lake, Cornelius W. 23. Aug. 25, 61 July 29, 62. Disability. V. 
 Lewis, William. 28. Aug. 31, 63 Feb. i, 65. Wounded at Deep 
 
 Bottom. V. 
 Lafferty, Michael. 20. Sept. 2, 63 May 15, 65. Wounded at 
 
 Olustee. V. 
 
 Lebonheir, Chas. A. 18. Aug. 8, 61 July 13, 63. Killed on Morris Isl. V. 
 Ledger, Peter. 18. Mar. 21, 65 Missing, Aug. 4, 65. S. 
 
 Lawson, Peter. 26. Feb. 23, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Laughlin, John J. 42. Jan. 17, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 La Clare, Evangelist. 21. Mar. 28, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 McCabe, John. 25. Aug. 17, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. V. 
 McFarland, Angus. 18. Sept. 9, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. 
 
 Wounded at Chester Heights. V. 
 
 McDaniels, John. 28. Aug. 9, 61 Dec. 23, 62. Disability. V. 
 Mills. Charles. 33. Aug. i, 61 Jan. 5, 64. Trans, to Veteran Reserve Corps. 
 
 Wounded and taken prisoner at Ft. Wagner. V. 
 
 Mackey, William H. 19. Aug. 18, 61 Jan. 26, 64. Trans, to Veteran Re 
 serve Corps. Wounded at Ft. Wagner. V. 
 
 Major, George. 21. Sept. i, 63 May i, 64. Trans, to Navy. V. 
 McCloud, John. 22. Sept. i, 63 May i, 64. Trans, to Navy. V. 
 Merchant, Elmer. 27. Oct. 20, 63 Nov. 9, 64. Died of disease. V. 
 Murphy, William. 20. Jan. 18, 65 Missing, July 24, 65. S. 
 
 Murphy. Anthony. 21. Mar. 28, 64 Wounded in the field, Va. V. 
 
 Miles, Charles. 37. Sept. i, 63 May 3, 65. Wounded at Olustee. V. 
 
 McShane, Barney. 33. Feb. 22, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Murphy, John. 33. Jan. 19, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Maylan, Burnett. 16. Aug. 16, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 McCredden, Mathew. 29. Mar. 8, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster out of Regt. S. 
 Morrell, David D. 18. Mar. 8, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Mooney, Stephen. 35. Mar. 8, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Newhart, Christian. See Hospital Steward, Roster of Non-Com. Staff. 
 Osborne, John. 21. Aug. 14, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. Wounded 
 
 at Ft. Wagner. V. 
 Olsen, Oliver C. 21. Feb. iS, 62 rFeb. 18, 65. Exp n of service. Wounded at 
 
 Olustee. V. 
 Ostrander, Peter. 21. Aug. 8, 61 Jan. 26, 64. Trans, to Veteran Reserve 
 
 Corps. Wounded at Ft. Wagner. V. 
 O Brien, John. 21. Jan. 18, 65 Missing, Wilmington, Mar. 3/65. S. 
 
ROSTER AND RECORD. 
 
 COMPANY K Continued. 
 
 PRIVATES Continued. 
 
 Olagde, Jean. 20. Dec. 29, 62 V. 
 
 Phillips, Stephen A. 20. Aug. 26, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. 
 
 Wounded at Ft. Wagner. V. 
 
 Purcell, Thomas. 40. Sept. 13, 63 July 8, 65. Wounded at Ches 
 
 ter Heights. V. 
 Prass, Jean. 30. June 2, 62 June 3, 65. Exp n of service. Wounded at Ft. 
 
 Wagner. V. 
 Peacock, John. 24. July 30, 63 Mar. 22, 64. Died of wounds received at 
 
 Olustee. V. 
 Pierce, William. 21. Sept. 28, 64 Jan. 15, 65. Killed in action at Ft. 
 
 Fisher. V. 
 
 Pullis, Thomas J. 28. Aug. 6, 61 Missing, Nov. 10, 63. V. 
 
 Platt, Arthur B. 18. Sept. 14, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster out of Regt. V. 
 Pratt, George W. 18. Feb. 20, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Wound 
 ed at Ft. Fisher. V. 
 
 Revill, William. 20. Aug. 8, 61 June 17, 64. Wounded at Olustee. V. 
 
 Roberts, John. 22. Aug. 8, 61 Mar. 3, 64. Died. Wounded at Olustee. V. 
 Rose, Luke. 38. Sept. 13, 61 July 18, 63. Killed at Ft. Wagner. V. 
 
 Remmer, August. 24. Sept. i, 62 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Wound 
 ed at Deep Bottom. V. 
 
 Ross, William. 26. Feb. 22, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 Ringsdolph, John. 35. Jan. 20, 63 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. Wound 
 ed at Olustee. V. 
 
 Reed, James. 20. Jan. 12, 65 Sept. i, 65- Muster-out Regt. S. 
 Rolley, Allen. 28. "Nov. 10, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out Regt. V. 
 Rodgers, Thomas. 28. Jan. 5, 65 Missing, Aug. 4, 65. S. 
 
 Sammis, Francis. 18. Aug. 6, 61 Dec. 31, 61. Died of disease. V. 
 Sweeney, Terrence M. 23. Aug. 6, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. V. 
 Schward, Emile. 25. June n, 62 June 12, 65. Exp n of service. Wounded 
 
 at Deep Bottom. V. 
 
 Schryber, Trugott. 21. June n, 62 June 12, 65. Exp n of service. Wound 
 ed at Deep Bottom. V. 
 Sammis, Gilbert S. 22. Aug. 28, 62 June 4, 64. Died of wounds. Wounded 
 
 at Cold Harbor. V. 
 Stephens, Geo. 23. Oct. 20, 63 Aug. 14, 64. Supposed killed in action at 
 
 Deep Bottom. V. 
 Sheehan, Patrick. 20. Aug. 2, 63 Aug. 14, 64. Supposed killed in action at 
 
 Deep Bottom. V. 
 Starr, Charles. 21. Sept. i, 63 
 
 Smith, Charles. 22. Jan. 18, 65 Missing, Mar. 15, 65. S. 
 
 Spellman, Peter. 19. Feb. 25. 65 Missing, Mar. 18, 65. S. 
 
 Scribner, George. 18. Feb. 4, 65 Missing at Raleigh, July 24, 65. S. 
 
 Sullivan, Thomas. 22. Feb. 21, 65 Missing at Raleigh, Aug. 4, 65. S. 
 
 Spencer, John. 24. Feb. 24, 65 Missing at Raleigh, Aug. 4, 65. S. 
 
 Smith, Thomas. 21. Sept. 2, 63 Feb. 20, 64. Killed in action at Olustee. V. 
 Steers, Closs. 20. Jan. 2, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Starks, Edward M. 20. Jan. 25, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Smith, John L. 27. Feb. 21, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Stimpson, Wm. 19. Feb. 2, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Spears, George. 33. Mar. 28, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Shovey, Geo. W. 18. Jan. 4, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 Sherman, Fred. A. 19. Mar. S, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Sommerville, William. 19. Jan. 18, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Thompson, Joseph. 18. June n, 62 July 29, 62. Disability. V. 
 
314 
 
 FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 COMPANY K Continued. 
 PRIVATES Continued. 
 
 Tuthill, Winfield. 24. Mar. n, 62 Feb. 20, 64. Killed at Olustee. V. 
 
 Thompson, John. 22. Feb. 21. 65 Missing in N. C., Apl. 16, 65. S. 
 
 Terry, Geo. H. 19. Aug. 17, 61 Sept. 20, 64. Exp n of service. V. 
 Veteran, Frank. 24. Aug. 28, 63 May i, 64. Trans, to Navy. V. 
 Vance, William. 19. Aug. 29, 6l July 18, 63. Killed in action at Fort 
 
 Wagner. V. 
 
 Von Preef, Adolph G. 20. Mar. &, 65~-Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Wright, Alfred. 24. Aug. 23, 61 June 10, 65. Wounded at Fort 
 
 Wagner. V.V. 
 Wilson, James. 25. Oct. 20, 63 Apl. 20, 64. Died of wounds. Wounded at 
 
 Olustee. V. 
 
 Woods, Lawrence. 20. June 2, 62 Missing, Petersb g, Sept. 10, 64. V. 
 Williams, William. 19. Aug. 8, 61 Feb. 20, 64. Killed at Olustee. V. 
 
 Warner, John. 23. Oct. 20, 63 Feb. 20, 64. Killed in action at Olustee. V. 
 Walsh, James. 27. Jan. 6, 65 Missing at Wilmington, Mar. 3, 65. S. 
 
 Whalen, Patrick. 26. Feb. 20, 65 Missing at Raleigh, Aug. 8, 65. S. 
 
 Ward, Frank. Feb. 23, 65 Missing at Raleigh, Aug. 6, 65. S. 
 
 Williams, George. 25. Mar. 4, 62 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. V. 
 West, Fred. 31. Jan. 18, 65 Sept. i, 65. Muster-out of Regt. S. 
 Wilson, Geo. 20. Mar. 4, 64 Sept. i, 65. Muster out of Regt. V. 
 Young, James. 24. Sept. i, 63 Aug. 25, 64. Killed at Hatcher s Run. V. 
 Zoller, John. 25. Jan. 18, 65 July 6. 65. S. 
 
 Zueston, Philbert. 21. June 16, 62 Feb. 2, 64. Died of disease. V. 
 
 BAND. 
 
 LEADERS. 
 Connolly, Michael. 38. Sept. 5, 1861. | Osborn, Alvah P. 22. Oct. i, 61. 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 Bennett, Stephen B. 21. Sept. 7, 61. 
 Brown, John J. 24. Sept. 12, 61. 
 Burnett, Perine I. 24. Sept. 12, 61. 
 Cox, William. 25. Sept. 10, 61. 
 Frost, Charles J. 25. Sept. 12. 61. 
 Frost, Frank A. 20. Sept. 5, 61. 
 Gordon, Samuel B. 26. Sept. 12, 61. 
 Grannis, William P. 28. Sept. 9, 61. 
 Hayt, James B. 21. Oct. i, 61. 
 King, Charles R. 18. Sept. 12, 61. 
 Lyon, Charles. 35. Sept. 10, 61. 
 Mandeville, Eloin K. 38. Sept. 5, 61. 
 
 Miller, George- F. 
 
 Aug. i, 61. 
 
 Seaman, Warren H. 27. Sept. 5, 61. 
 Spencer, Frank M. 25. Sept. 5, 61. 
 Stone, Charles M. 22. Oct. i, 61. 
 Stuart, Bryon D. 18. Sept. 12, 61. 
 
 (Died Aug. 4, 62.) 
 
 Thomas, Charles W. 38. Oct. 10, 61. 
 Weller, Leroy. 17. Sept 9, 61. 
 Wheller, Monroe. 19. Sept. 5, 61. 
 White, Amasa B. 24. Sept. 5, 61. 
 White, James C. 18. Sept. 5, 61. 
 
 The Band was mustered out of service in the fall of 1862 under General 
 Orders No. 4, War Department, July 17, 1862. 
 
CASUALTIES IN FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT N. Y. S. VOLS. 
 
 
 Morris 
 Island, 
 July 10, 
 1863. 
 
 Fort 
 Wagner, 
 July 18, 
 1863. 
 
 Olustee, 
 Feb. 20, 
 1864. 
 
 Chester 
 Heights, 
 May 7, 
 1864. 
 
 Drewry s 
 Bluff, 
 May 16, 
 1864. 
 
 Cold 
 Harbor, 
 June 1-6, 
 1864. 
 
 Deep 
 Bottom, 
 July 27, 
 Aug. 10 
 and 14, 
 1864. 
 
 Straw 
 berry 
 Plains 
 Aug. i 
 1864. 
 
 Field and Staff 
 
 K. 
 
 W. 
 
 P 
 
 K. 
 
 w. 
 
 P 
 
 K. 
 
 \V. 
 
 P 
 
 K. 
 
 W. 
 
 P K. 
 
 W. 
 
 P 
 
 K. 
 
 W. 
 
 P 
 
 K. 
 
 w : 
 
 P 
 
 K. 
 
 W. 
 
 Non-Com Staff. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Company A 
 " B 
 
 4 
 
 8 
 
 
 XX 
 
 xo 
 
 II 
 
 18 
 
 10 
 
 4 
 7 
 a 
 
 6 
 4 
 5 
 
 7 
 
 3 
 
 2. 
 
 16 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 3 
 5 
 9 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 x 
 
 i 
 x 
 
 2 
 
 x 
 a 
 x 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 I 
 I 
 
 9 
 
 4 
 2 
 
 9 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 a 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 C 
 D 
 E 
 F 
 
 i 
 
 7 
 
 2 
 
 5 
 
 2 
 
 
 a 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 i 
 
 13 
 
 
 5 
 
 x 
 x 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 7 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 3 
 
 a 
 
 x 
 8 
 
 " G 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 3 
 7 
 
 
 9 
 
 x 
 
 g 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 x 
 
 x 
 
 o 
 
 e 
 
 8 
 
 x 
 
 " H 
 
 
 
 
 * 
 
 33 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 ,x 
 
 " I 
 
 
 K 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 
 12 
 83 
 
 83 
 
 73 
 
 3 
 
 28 
 
 9 
 47 
 
 18 
 163 
 
 
 
 
 
 X 
 10 
 
 Total 
 
 6 
 
 34 
 
 7 
 
 35 
 
 * 
 
 
 48 
 
 x 
 
 
 / 
 
 49 2 
 
 6 
 
 46 
 
 8 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 Hatcher s 
 Run, 
 
 Aug. 25, 
 1864. 
 
 Siege of 
 Peters 
 burg, 
 June 30- 
 July 30, 
 1864. 
 
 Fort 
 Fisher, 
 Jan. 15, 
 1865. 
 
 Wil 
 mington, 
 Feb. 21, 
 
 1865. 
 
 Sundry 
 dates. 
 
 Total 
 in action. 
 
 Died of 
 disease. 
 
 Total 
 casual 
 ties. 
 
 Killed. 
 
 Wounded. 
 
 Prisoners. 
 
 o g 
 
 J3 S 
 
 Iln camp& 
 hospital. 
 
 Field and Staff.. 
 Non-Com. Staff 
 
 K. 
 
 W. 
 
 p 
 
 K. 
 
 \V. 
 
 P 
 
 K. 
 
 W. 
 
 P 
 
 K. 
 
 W. 
 
 P 
 
 K. 
 
 W. 
 
 P 
 
 
 
 t 
 
 
 8 
 6 
 
 8 
 8 
 5 
 9 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 9 
 8 
 86 
 
 x 
 
 10 
 10 
 
 13 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 8 
 7 
 9 
 
 8 
 
 12 
 
 I0 7 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 a 
 
 8* 
 M 
 33 
 
 9 
 
 M 
 
 = 3 
 
 12 
 38 
 ,36 
 
 ... 
 57 
 55 
 79 
 oS 
 ll 
 49 
 
 55 
 
 61 
 70 
 693 
 
 
 
 Company A 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 x 
 
 
 
 
 
 a 
 
 I 
 
 M 
 15 
 XO 
 
 17 
 9 
 
 3 
 7 
 5 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 88 
 
 4 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 8 
 
 S 
 
 3 
 9 
 
 4 C 
 
 B. ... 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 x 
 a 
 a 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 a 
 
 a 
 i 
 
 2 
 
 " C 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 x 
 
 D 
 E. ... 
 F 
 " G 
 
 x 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 x 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 a 
 a 
 
 3 
 
 a 
 ax 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 H.. .. 
 
 44 I ... 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 
 6 
 
 i 
 
 x 
 
 X 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 x 
 a 
 xo 
 
 K.. .. 
 Total 
 
 i 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 T 
 
 6 
 9 
 
 i 
 
 2 . . 
 
 25 5 
 
 X 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 14 
 
 - 
 
 x 
 4 
 
 HI 
 
 - 
 
GENERAL STATISTICS. 
 
 Number of enlistments in 1861, 167; 1862, 190; 1863, 
 220; 1864, 224; 1865, 581 ; year unknown, 9. Whole num 
 ber of enlistments, 2191. Of this number about 300 were 
 transferred from the N. Y. Independent Battalion and ii7th 
 N. Y. Vols. 
 
 The casualties in engagements with the enemy were 947, 
 or 43 per cent. Deducting the recruits of 1865, none of 
 whom were in more than one action (Wilmington), and with 
 only three wounded, the loss is increased to nearly 59 per 
 cent. Including deaths from disease, the percentage of 
 losses in action to the whole number is nearly one half, and 
 without the 1865 recruits, two thirds. 
 
 236 were killed or died of wounds received in action. 
 
 623 were wounded, and 88 were taken prisoners. 
 
 87 died of disease, and 40 at Andersonville, Richmond, 
 and other Confederate prisons. 
 
 17 commissioned officers were killed or died of wounds, 
 and 28 were wounded. 
 
 58 enlisted men became commissioned officers in the 
 regiment, and 17 in other commands. 
 
 331 re-enlisted, and became " Veterans;" of whom 186 
 were mustered-out Sept. I, 1865. 
 
 

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