ANTIETAM 
 
 TO THE MEMORY OF THE BRAVE MEN OF THE NINTH NEW YORK INFANTRY 
 (HAWKINS 1 ZOUAVES) WHO FOUGHT UPON THIS FIELD, AND ESPECIALLY 
 TO THOSE WHO DIED HERE THAT THEIR COUNTRY MIGHT LIVE." 
 
THE 
 
 NINTH REGIMENT 
 
 NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS 
 
 (HAWKINS ZOUAVES) 
 
 BEING 
 
 A HISTORY OF THE REGIMENT AND 
 
 VETERAN ASSOCIATION 
 
 FROM. .1860 TO 1900 
 
 BY 
 
 LIEUT. MATTHEW J. GRAHAM 
 
 n 
 
 COMPANY "A," NINTH REGIMENT, N. Y. VOLUNTEERS, AND 
 U. S. VETERAN RESERVE CORPS 
 
 NEW YORK 
 MDCCCC 
 
5 
 
 Ttik 
 
 900 
 ; ^ s * & * 
 
 MATTHEW J. GRAHAM 
 
I affectionately dedicate this work 
 to my comrades who faithfully served 
 and valiantly fought in the ranks of 
 the Regiment during the War of the 
 Rebellion. 
 
 M. J. GRAHAM. 
 
 M123152 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 INTRODUCTION ........................................ i 
 
 CHAPTER I. Derivation of Name Zouaves Organiza 
 tion of the New York Zouaves in 1860, 
 with Copy of Original Pamphlet Contain 
 ing By-Laws, Committees, etc ........... 2.1 
 
 " El. Organization of Civil Club Drill Master 
 Serg t Benzoni First Shot of the Civil 
 War Firing on Fort Sumter First Offer 
 of New York Troops Organization of 9th 
 N. Y. Volunteers Field Officers Castle 
 Garden Riker s Island Severe Drills 
 New Uniform Inspection by Gen l John 
 A. Dix Off for Fortress Monroe Pres 
 entation of Flags in Fifth Avenue Arri 
 val at Newport News .................... 32 
 
 " III. Advance on Big Bethel The First Battle 
 of the War General Carr s Account of 
 Battle of Big Bethel Account of Major 
 Winthrop s Death by a Southerner - 
 Forces Engaged and Losses Sustained 
 Zouaves to the Front Colonel Phelps and 
 his Peculiarities Right General Guide 
 Herbert and His Grave Error Two Zou 
 aves Attempt to get a " Pull " with Colonel 
 
 .................................. 55 
 
 IV. Reconnaissance by Companies A and F 
 Skirmish with the Enemy Trouble about 
 the Relative Rank of Officers Decided by 
 Drawing Lots General Butler Super 
 seded by General Wool Special Order for 
 
vi CONTENTS. 
 
 Expedition to Hatteras Inletr* Three 
 Companies of the Ninth Join Expedition 
 Arrival off Hatteras Bombardment of 
 Forts Surrender Amount of Material 
 Captured 70 
 
 CHAPT. V. Colonel Hawkins Assumes Command of 
 Post Correspondence Between Colonel 
 Hawkins and General Wool Expedition 
 to Beacon Island Lieut.-Colonel Betts 
 and Five Companies Rejoin Regiment 
 Surrender of Gunboat " Fannie "Attack 
 on 2oth Indiana General Williams Super 
 sedes Colonel Hawkins Construction of 
 New Forts Antipathy of Men to Wil 
 liams Boys " Scouting " for Fresh Pork 
 Seriously Alarm the General Major 
 Kimball and Two Companies Arrive from 
 Newport News Arrival of Burnside Ex 
 pedition All Ready for Roanoke Island- 
 Rations from the Sea Wine Labels 
 Passed as Currency Robbing Potato 
 Houses 84 
 
 " VI. Underway for Roanoke Island Arrival- 
 Engagement with the Forts Landing of 
 the Troops Bivouac in the Mud for the 
 Night Stealing Bed from Beneath the 
 Colonel Army Moves on the Enemy 
 Major Kimball s Fear that the Men Might 
 Weaken Arrival in Front of Battery - 
 Order to Charge the Works Colonel De- 
 Monteil Killed First Bayonet Charge of 
 the War What Curie Saw Reflections- 
 Extracts from Reports of Generals in 
 Command Capture of Captain Wise 
 More Rain Description of Prisoners ... 119 
 
CONTENTS. vii 
 
 PAGE 
 
 CHAPT.VH. Expeditions to Nag s Head and Winton, 
 N. C. Ninth Regiment Garrisons Roa- 
 noke Island Resignation of Lieutenant- 
 Colonel Betts Expedition under Major 
 Jardine Expedition to South Mills 
 Terrific March Battle of South Mills or 
 Camden Heavy Loss of the Ninth 
 Death of Adjutant Gadsden Return to 
 Roanoke Retrospection General Reno s 
 Report of Battle Colonel Hawkins 
 Report 157 
 
 " VIII. Ninth New York Garrisons Roanoke Isl- 
 land Recreation the Order of the Day 
 Practical Uses of Captured Powder 
 Company K s New Battery Tactics 
 Innocently Getting Square with the Com 
 pany Cook Testimonial to Col. Hawkins 
 Parade and Drill of Ninth Under Com 
 mand of Non-Commissioned Officers - 
 New Recruits Troubled with " Lapsy 
 Palls " Cured by Sergeant Homer Lieu 
 tenant Flusser, U. S. N., Captures Ply. 
 mouth and Company u F " Detailed to 
 Garrison Town Runaway Slaves Re 
 turned to Owner Wessel s Brigade Re 
 lieves Company " F " Enemy Attack and 
 Defeat Wessel, Re-Capture Plymouth and 
 Kill Flusser Burnside Leaves for Fort 
 Monroe Ninth Leaves Roanoke for Nor 
 folk Camp for Contrabands Losses of 
 Burnside Expedition 192 
 
 " IX. Farewell to Roanoke Island Arrival at 
 Old Fort Norfolk, Va.Off for Fortress 
 Monroe Arrival at Falmouth, Va. 
 Drills and Dress Parades a Promi 
 nent Feature Rumors of Disaster 
 
yiii CONTENTS. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Army Deserts Fredericksburg and De- 
 troys Stores Pope s Campaign and Dis 
 astrous Failure McClellan Again in 
 Command of Army of the Potomac Dis 
 order in Washington Camp at Meridian 
 Hill Off for the Maryland Campaign 
 Description of March Skirmishes With 
 the Enemy Arrival at Frederick City, 
 Md. Hospitality of Inhabitants Fire in 
 Jail On to Antietam Battle of South 
 Mountain Coolness of Major Jardine 
 Under Fire Death of General Reno and 
 Comments on His Soldierly Qualities - 
 Arrival Near Antietam Night Before 
 the Battle 238 
 
 CHAPT. X. Lieutenant Graham s Letter Descriptive 
 of the Battle of Antietam Attack on the 
 Stone Wall Great Bravery of the Troops 
 Ordered to Retire and Lieutenant- 
 Colonel Kimball s Protest General Wil- 
 cox in Person Peremptorily Orders Kim- 
 ball to Fall Back Assistance to the 
 Wounded McClellan s, Burnside s, Fair- 
 child s, and Kimball s Reports Mr. 
 Kirkley s Statements of Total Killed in 
 the Civil War, and Proportion of Wounded 
 to Killed General Longstreet s Com 
 ments on the Battle and Comparison with 
 Other Notable Engagements Percentage 
 of Regimental and Brigade Loss of the 
 Ninth Regiment 281 
 
 " XL Retreat of the Army of Northern Virginia 
 Apathy of Fifth Corps Camping on the 
 Antietam Recruits for the Ninth Their 
 Reception and Treatment by Lieutenant- 
 
CONTENTS. ix 
 
 Colonel Kimball and his Tribute to the 
 Old Regiment j Captain Whiting Visit 
 from President Lincoln The Loaves and 
 the Good Zouaves Hospital Arrange 
 ments The Band Plays " Annie Laurie " 
 for the Sick Men Promotion of Surgeon 
 Humphreys Across Elk Ridge to Pleas 
 ant Valley "Tenting on the Old Camp 
 Ground" 330 
 
 CHAPT. XII. Clothing and Camp Equipage Left at 
 Meridian Hill Cleanliness Knapsacks 
 Recovered Knapsack Drill Hunger, 
 Cold and Marching Three Columns 
 Abreast Company G as Headquarter s 
 Guard Company K Joins General Kautz 
 General Burnside Relieves General Mc- 
 Clellan of the Command of the Army 
 Scattering a Quartermaster s Train - 
 Good Artillery Shooting Thanksgiving 
 Day at Falmouth Battle of Fredricks- 
 burg Stragglers Winter Quarters in 
 Virginia On to Fortress Monroe 354 
 
 " XIII. Establishment of Camp at Newport News 
 The Ninth Assigned as Provost Guard 
 Concentrating Troops Sutlers Trials 
 Rum as a Disturber of Martial Discipline 
 Review of the Ninth Corps Horse 
 Racing and Baseball Enroute to For 
 tress Monroe and Portsmouth Tele 
 grams Borrowed Tents in Suffolk An 
 Unwarranted Tragedy - - The Use of 
 Countersigns Death of Brigadier-Gen 
 eral Corcoran Ominous Thunders of 
 Mutiny Calmed by General Getty Re 
 moval to Fort Nansemond Under Fire 
 Fake Bullets Capturing a Battery A 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 Lost Yankee in Rebel Lines The Last 
 Day General Orders No. 27 Disappoint 
 ment of Recruits Mustered Out 397 
 
 CHAPT.XIV. The Recruits Left at Suffolk Lack of 
 Military Control Volunteering for the 
 Fight Camp Rumors Private Reconnoi- 
 tering The Man of Straw Uncertainty 
 and Anxiety Among the Men Trans 
 ferred to the Third New York Bossing 
 the Regiment Off for Field Service 
 Campaigning in South Carolina Army 
 of the James Army of the Potomac 
 Men of the Ninth Distinguish Themselves 
 Regiment Dwindles Away Call for 
 Second Battalion A New Ninth Organ 
 ized Formation of iy8th New York Vol 
 unteers Ordered to Virginia New 
 Ninth Recruiting The July Riots Jar- 
 dine and White Wounded Rescued 
 Battalion at Fort Hamilton Seventeenth 
 New York Ordered to the Front Pro 
 visional Brigade Service of i;8th 
 Service of iyth Men Who Served in 
 Other Regiments 433 
 
 " XV. Introduction to the Third Georgia Va 
 rious Meetings on the Battlefield Seek 
 ing Old Foes After the War The Ninth 
 Visits the Third Incidents of the Visit 
 to Georgia Speeches Reception of the 
 Third Georgia by the Zouaves How 
 They were Treated by their Old-Time 
 Foes Banquets Sightseeing Excur 
 sions Departure of the Georgians , 463 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 xi 
 
 CHAPT XVI. Ceremonies at the Dedication of the Mon 
 ument Erected on the Battlefield of 
 Antietam in Memory of the Dead of the 
 Ninth New York Volunteers Prelimin 
 ary Work of the Committees Journey to 
 the Battlefield Comrade Richard s In 
 vocation Comrade Graham s Introduc 
 tion Address by Colonel Hawkins Un 
 veiling the Monument Oration by Rev. 
 Clark Wright, of Company F The Pres 
 entation to General Carman Revisiting 
 Points of Interest The Return 493 
 
 "XVII. After Muster-OutDesire of the Men of 
 the Regiment to Retain the Flags Man 
 ner in which they were Cared for 
 Reasons why they Should be Trans 
 ferred to the State Correspondence with 
 the Governor Names of Survivors who 
 were Present at the Ceremony Recep 
 tion of the Delegation by Governor 
 Roosevelt Lieutenant Graham s Re 
 marks Governor Roosevelt s Reply- 
 Major DeBevoise s Sketch of Service 
 Taps The End 555 
 
 MUSTER-OUT ROLL. 
 
 567 
 
 ERRATA 633 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 IN the taking of Fort Sumter the rebels 
 served their first notice upon the people of the 
 loyal States of the coming of one of the most 
 momentous events known to the history of any 
 nation, and when two days later President 
 Lincoln called for the levy of seventy-five thou 
 sand troops, it was like giving an order by the 
 president of a great railway company to the 
 maker of toy engines, for a like number of mogul 
 locomotives. The call of the President found 
 the Governors of States about as well prepared 
 to fill his order as would have been the makers 
 of the toys. 
 
 The patriotic uprising, however, was complete. 
 Millions of heads, hearts and hands were willing 
 to do and to serve, but the great "how to" had 
 to be learned, and there were but few teachers 
 to show the way. 
 
 There were thousands of well disposed, per 
 fectly inexperienced patriots who honestly be 
 lieved that the matter of making a good fighting 
 machine out of a thousand perfectly raw recruits 
 would be an easy one. Possibly the makers 
 of the Ninth New York Volunteers were in 
 
2 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 several important respects an exception to the 
 general rule obtaining in relation to inexperience. 
 In its field and staff there were three who had 
 seen service in the United States Army, two as 
 officers and one as a private; and in the line 
 those captains and lieutenants who were edu 
 cated in the "Old Company" were well up in 
 the Manual of Arms, Bayonet Exercise, and 
 School of the Company, and theoretically, knew 
 something of the School of the Battalion. In 
 addition to this stock of professional quantities 
 and qualities on hand, there was youth, no end 
 of patriotic enthusiasm, ardent desire to learn, 
 sincere wish to serve well, and a striving for a 
 high plane of excellence in the performance of 
 soldierly duties. With this capital on hand, the 
 " Ninth" launched itself upon the difficult under 
 taking of organizing a body of eight hundred 
 very young men into a regiment of fighting 
 soldiers. 
 
 April I5th, 1861, President Lincoln issued his 
 first call for seventy-five thousand troops it 
 ought to have been a million, and possibly 
 would have been for that number had not Sec 
 retary Seward earnestly advised that the war 
 would be over in sixty days, the South did not 
 intend to fight, was rising for a scare, etc., etc. 
 All this in face of the historic fact that secession 
 sentiment in many parts of the South had been 
 
INTRODUCTION. 3 
 
 persistently propagated for more than a quarter 
 of a century, and that for many years their 
 political leaders had been waiting for a pretense 
 to commence an open revolt against the Union. 
 A wise statesman would have noted these facts 
 and acted accordingly. But the really large 
 minded patriotic statesman, equipped to deal 
 with great national questions, was not in evi 
 dence. In his place there were no end of cun 
 ning politicians, some of them more or less 
 patriotic, but the better of them were trained 
 with a strong bias in favor of self. 
 
 Within three days from the printing of the 
 President s call for troops, the enrollment book 
 of the coming regiment showed over two thou 
 sand names of enlisted men. With the recording 
 of names the work of selecting men of the kind 
 wanted, young, strong, sound, of medium size, 
 was carried forward, so that on the morning of 
 the nineteenth of April, the number of men 
 allowed by the State had been selected and 
 were ready to be mustered into the service as a 
 regiment of Volunteer Infantry. 
 
 From this time on there was everything to do 
 and nothing to do it with. Quarters had to be 
 secured, rations supplied, clothing, arms and 
 equipments obtained, and nearly eight hundred 
 perfectly raw recruits drilled and instructed in 
 the whole round of difficult duties which go 
 
4 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 towards the making of an efficient and reliable 
 soldier. Fortunately there were willing hands 
 and plenty of unselfish desire behind them for 
 all the work there was to do. Imperceptibly, 
 department lines were drawn. The coming 
 young officers of the line keeping with the men, 
 teaching marchings and facings, maintaining 
 order and enforcing camp regulations. Later 
 on the lieutenant-colonel, an accomplished tac 
 tician who had served in the National Guard of 
 the State, gave efficient instruction in battalion 
 drills. 
 
 In the meantime the much worried and be 
 puzzled young individual who was destined to 
 command was working with all his might, try 
 ing to make some headway with the business 
 part of the enterprise, which included everything 
 involving the expenditure of money from the 
 purchase of a gaiter buckle to the leasing of an 
 island and the building of barracks. Progress, 
 however, was rapid and satisfactory, for May 
 1 5th found the regiment comfortably housed in 
 their new barracks at Riker s Island, clothed, 
 equipped, armed, and well provided with all the 
 soldier s necessities allowed by the regulations. 
 Two weeks more of incessant drill and hard 
 work in other directions brought the regiment 
 to a most satisfactory degree of efficiency, so 
 that when the time came to depart for the seat 
 
INTRODUCTION. 5 
 
 of war all was in readiness for the move. The 
 first and most difficult stage had been success 
 fully passed, and already, the coming veterans, 
 with the years of boys, were feeling the conse 
 quences of their position and appreciating the 
 value of their earnest labor intelligently bestowed. 
 The next stage was the landing at Newport 
 News and the continuation, under the school 
 ing of Colonel John Wolcott Phelps, of the First 
 Vermont Volunteers, of the character-forming 
 so successfully commenced in New York. The 
 accident of reporting to such an officer as 
 Colonel Phelps was an exceptional piece of 
 good fortune in the history of the regiment. 
 He was a graduate of West Point, had served 
 twenty-three years in the artillery, and beyond 
 all doubt was one of the most accomplished 
 officers ever graduated from that school. As a 
 classical scholar and a master of several mod 
 ern languages, he was without rival in the regu 
 lar army; he was also well up in pure mathe 
 matics and thoroughly well posted in all the 
 various branches of his profession. In addition 
 to his great acquirements he was a thoroughly 
 honest, unselfish, conscientious gentleman, with 
 common sense, and a perfect appreciation of 
 justice, patriotic to the core, and of exceptional 
 capacity for work. 
 
 This brief tribute, possibly a little out of place, 
 
6 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 is due to an officer, whose teachings and exam 
 ple had very much to do with the making of a 
 regiment of efficient soldiers, and is here set forth 
 to make a degree of appreciation due to a noble 
 man. 
 
 From the landing at Newport News to the 
 end of August, hard work was the order of the 
 day; but before that time instruction had become 
 so effective and discipline so habitual, that the 
 regiment was ready for effective work. In short, 
 within three months from the date of the first 
 muster into the service, it had become a com 
 pletely serviceable organization for serious busi 
 ness in the field. 
 
 If other regiments were not able to accom 
 plish a like result the fault was with the officers, 
 many of whom were ignorant of the duties de 
 manded, naturally inefficient, and with no dis 
 position for hard work. With such material as 
 we have already, good officers can make good 
 regiments in three months, and in the event of 
 pressing necessity in half that time. 
 
 The exceptional work out of routine sort 
 at Newport News, was the purgation, or pushing 
 out, of inefficient officers who had been elected, 
 under State laws by their men, to the company 
 commission grade. This labor was so success 
 fully performed that within six weeks from the 
 landing, three very worthless captains and twice 
 
INTRODUCTION. 7 
 
 as many lieutenants had passed on to other 
 fields of usefulness. Soon as their march to 
 wards the North commenced, the great advan 
 tage of their absence became apparent. More 
 of this sort of work had to be done before the 
 regiment was completely freed from its shoulder- 
 strapped dead wood, but it was performed grad 
 ually, not so much again in any one short period 
 of time. Soon after the system of weeding out 
 had been thoroughly inaugurated, a plan regu 
 lating promotions was set in operation. It re 
 lated to the line, non-commissioned staff and 
 orderly sergeants. The senior first lieutenant 
 succeeding to the first vacant captaincy, the 
 senior second lieutenant to the first vacancy 
 among the firsts, and the ranking orderly ser 
 geant taking the place of the second lieutenant 
 promoted. This order of promotion proved to 
 be most efficacious and had very much to do 
 with the making of the regiment. 
 
 But the labor of establishing it was not like 
 living in a bed of roses fanned by gentle zephyrs. 
 Practical politics pointed a fire in the rear in the 
 way of granting commissions without consulting 
 regimental commanders; not wanted outsiders 
 were frequently commissioned to the regiment, 
 and the inefficients in it were often, out of their 
 turn, jumped over the heads of the more deserv 
 ing who were entitled to their promotion. An 
 
8 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 unlocked for incident, of a most disgraceful 
 nature, which occurred in the Autumn of 1861, 
 proved to be the beginning of the end of this 
 unwarranted interference from the authorities 
 at Albany. 
 
 Early one evening in the month of July, 
 Colonel Phelps sent for the colonel of the Ninth 
 to come to his tent at once, as he wanted to see 
 him in relation to an important emergency. 
 When there he was told there was danger of an 
 emeute among the men of the First New York 
 Volunteers. A certain captain named Barnard 
 had returned from Old Point in a state of in 
 toxication, and soon after his arrival in camp, 
 without provocation, had wantonly shot and 
 seriously wounded one of the favorite non-com 
 missioned officers, and the Colonel of the Ninth 
 was ordered to hold his regiment in readiness 
 to put down any uprising that might occur. 
 Although among the men and non-commis 
 sioned officers, threats were freely and openly 
 made, better counsels prevailed and there was 
 no disturbance. For some reason the criminal 
 was not tried, his victim recovered, and his 
 would-be murderer disappeared. 
 
 The incident was a day s talk, then forgotten 
 and nothing more was heard of the chief actor, 
 until upon a certain day in the October follow 
 ing, he appeared at Hatteras Inlet commissioned 
 
INTRODUCTION. 9 
 
 as a Captain in the Ninth Regiment. His 
 advent proved to be a great regimental surprise 
 that called for prompt and decisive action, which 
 was promptly taken. Neither the would-be 
 Captain or his commission were acknowledged, 
 and he was ordered to return immediately to 
 Old Point Comfort, and the following letter 
 was sent to General Wool : 
 
 FORT CLARK, HATTERAS INLET, N. C., October 8, 1861. 
 GENERAL JOHN E. WOOL, Commanding Dept. of Va., 
 
 Fortress Monroe, Va. 
 
 SIR : I do not acknowledge the right of Governor Morgan to appoint 
 and transfer officers, over my head, into my regiment, and I will resist 
 the appointment and transfer of Captain Barnard, even though it cost 
 me my commission. 
 
 If Captain B. should in the end succeed in obtaining a command in 
 my regiment, I shall then, if not dismissed before, resign my com 
 mission, with very great respect, 
 
 I remain your faithful servant, 
 
 RUSH C. HAWKINS, 
 
 Col. Comg. Ninth Regt. N. Y. Vols. 
 
 The gauntlet was thrown, the contest on, and 
 sink or swim, was to be fought to the finish, 
 apparently against enormous odds, by an ob 
 scure young volunteer colonel, single-handed, 
 who had neither influence or hope of favor, but 
 he was sure of being right at least morally, and 
 had no fear. With the enforced leaving of 
 Barnard, regimental peace was restored and the 
 daily routine went forward about as usual. But 
 peace which blesses was not to endure, for 
 again, October 22nd, it was disturbed by the 
 
10 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 appearance of the same evil spirit. This time 
 it was accompanied by a special order from 
 General Williams, commanding at Hatteras In 
 let, assigning him to the command of a company 
 in the Ninth Regiment. This time the regi 
 mental blood was superheated, and the order 
 promptly disobeyed in the most emphatic man 
 ner. A prompt arrest of the hot-headed 
 Colonel followed, charges preferred, and nine 
 days later he was ordered to proceed to Fortress 
 Monroe for trial by court martial. 
 
 Soon after his arrival at department head 
 quarters, he sought and obtained an interview 
 with one of the aides of General Wool, who 
 after reading charges and hearing a full circum 
 stantial account of the whole affair, from the 
 shooting at Newport News to the arrest, frankly 
 stated that the victim of orders was clearly in 
 the right, and that he would see what could be 
 done with the General. The quoting of an 
 official letter is the better way of stating the 
 measure of his success : 
 
 HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF VIRGINIA. 
 
 FORT MONROE, VA., November 5, 1861. 
 
 COLONEL: The Major General commanding the Department directs 
 me to inform you, that the charges preferred against you by Brig. 
 General Thomas Williams are dismissed, and you are hereby released 
 from arrest. \ am sir, most respectfully, 
 
 Your obedient servant, 
 
 WM. D. WHIPPLE, Asst. Adjt. Genl. 
 COL. RUSH C. HAWKINS, Ninth Regt. N. Y. Vols., 
 
 Fortress Monroe, Va. 
 
INTRODUCTION. 1 1 
 
 Following the release there was a long inter 
 view with General Wool, who being an officer 
 of long experience and provided with common 
 sense, and knowing how to deal with those, who 
 in defense of right sometimes take the short 
 cut to justice, disregarding regulations and 
 orders, said in effect, that a colonel was respon 
 sible for the good name and efficiency of his 
 command, and it ought to be a part of his 
 official duty to keep disreputable men from 
 obtaining commissions in his regiment. There 
 was no doubt about which side the moral sup 
 ported, but orders had been disobeyed, the 
 matter to be settled was an important one and 
 he would order the offending officer to Wash 
 ington, to present his side of the case to the 
 President for his decision, and also to obtain 
 from the Administration instructions in relation 
 to present occupation of North Carolina coast, 
 and future operations in its inland waters. 
 
 The stay in Washington lasted eight days ; 
 the matters for consideration involved two 
 Cabinet meetings and several interviews with 
 President Lincoln. The permanent occupation 
 was decided upon and future operations out 
 lined, but the President would not pass upon 
 Gov. Morgan s power to make appointments of 
 commissioned officers to regiments in the field 
 without consent of colonels commanding. In 
 
1 2 NINTH REGIMENT, NE W YORK VOL UNTEERS. 
 
 this particular instance he thought the Colonel 
 was right, but he could not afford to get up a 
 quarrel with the Governor upon whom he most 
 relied to assist in putting down the Rebellion, 
 "Tell General Wool I leave this matter in his 
 hands for him to arrange with the Governor, so 
 there will be no more trouble." It was never 
 known what General Wool did, but there were 
 never any more appointments without the con 
 sent of the colonel of the regiment. In the 
 meantime, Barnard had been placed in com 
 mand of a company, but the men of the whole 
 regiment made his position so unpleasant that 
 he feared bodily harm, resigned, and was never 
 heard of afterwards. It was ascertained that 
 this individual was of Baltimore, where he had 
 kept a very low groggery a resort for crim 
 inals and that generally, he had a most un 
 savory reputation, coupled with a strong 
 suspicion that he had been engaged in criminal 
 practices. 
 
 This unpleasant incident has been set forth 
 in extenso for the sole purpose of showing what 
 an earnest officer, intent upon doing his whole 
 duty to the Government, had often to contend 
 with. During the whole contest the demoral 
 izing political fire from the rear was quite as 
 efficient as the other from the front in retarding 
 progress towards the better military organiza- 
 
INTRODUCTION. 13 
 
 tion. No doubt the majority of the Governors 
 were patriotic and desired to do their best, but 
 they were politicians who could not stand up 
 against the pressure from without. Their work 
 ing constituents had to be rewarded, and in the 
 far too numerous regiments from all the States a 
 commissioned officer s place could always be 
 made for a devoted henchman. These were 
 two of the prominent reasons, among the many, 
 why it took years to make an army out of the 
 best possible material, instead of months. 
 
 During the administration of the War De 
 partment, by that notoriously corrupt politician, 
 Simon Cameron, of Pennsylvania, one of the 
 faithful from a rural part of that State appeared 
 in Washington pressing his claim for a foreign 
 mission. There being no vacancy among them 
 a fat consular appointment was asked for, these 
 also were all filled, and the worker being 
 disappointed and disconsolate appealed to 
 Cameron for relief. That official sympathized 
 with him, said he appreciated the valuable 
 services performed in the mountain district, and 
 as reward offered the best he had to bestow, and 
 promptly tendered a brigadier general s com 
 mission, which was declined by the homework- 
 ing patriot because he preferred peace to war, 
 but he had heard that the position of purchasing 
 and contracting quartermaster at Harrisburg, 
 
14 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 Philadelphia, and other places in Pennsylvania 
 was pleasant and profitable and he would 
 prefer one of those. 
 
 From the inception of the regimental idea, it 
 had been determined to form it upon purely up 
 to date military basis, and in order to accom 
 plish the better results in that direction, absolute 
 control by a single head was the one dominant 
 essential, and it was the spirit behind and sup 
 porting that determination which caused the 
 firm resistance against giving a place in the line 
 to a thoroughly disreputable and unfit character, 
 which if permitted would have been a stain 
 upon the reputation of the whole organization. 
 
 There were also other important ideals to be 
 developed: manliness, cleanliness, honesty, 
 sobriety and clean-cut individuality. All of 
 these qualities are essential to the make-up of a 
 perfect soldier, no matter what uniform he may 
 wear. Along these lines in many respects, long 
 before the term of service had expired, success 
 was so marked that there were at least fifty men 
 in the ranks who could have commanded the 
 regiment as efficiently as any officer in it. But 
 over and above all these separate qualities 
 there was developed an all prevailing and over 
 ruling esprit de corps, which both as to conduct 
 and soldierly appearance kept the whole up to 
 a very high level. The regimental spirit was 
 
INTRODUCTION. 15 
 
 such that its members were always ready for 
 any emergency, fun, frolic, gymnastics, theatri 
 cals or serious work in the field ; with them 
 disaster never brought despondency. Grief for 
 those who had fallen was the ever present 
 incentive for better work in the future; but 
 there was never discouragement or want of 
 confidence in capacity to perform whatever duty 
 might be commanded. A Union general who 
 witnessed the demeanor of the survivors a day 
 after the terrible struggle and loss at Antietam, 
 suggested that after the words u Toujours Pret" 
 (the regimental motto), the words " Nil Des- 
 parandum " might appropriately be added. 
 
 The last day of the march from Antietam to 
 Falmouth was a very muddy one, and by the 
 time the army reached the grounds appointed 
 for going into camp it presented an appearance 
 plainly showing its intimate contact with the 
 fields of Virginia mud. But notwithstanding 
 unfavorable conditions for show purposes, 
 General Sumner then commanding the right 
 Grand Division, ordered an afternoon full 
 dress parade of his whole command. The 
 Ninth growled but went to work with a will, 
 brushing, eradicating mud spots, chalking those 
 on the white duck gaiters, blacking shoes, 
 burnishing arms, etc., etc. The parade was 
 over and the three corps of which it was com- 
 
16 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 posed dismissed, excepting the Ninth New York, 
 which was ordered to remain ; no one concerned 
 knew what was coming, but there was some 
 trembling in boots, and particularly about the 
 time that General Sumner with full staff rode 
 to opposite the center of the regimental line, 
 saluted the commanding officer and asked 
 " Whose regiment is this?" Upon receiving the 
 answer he took off his hat and in a loud tone 
 of voice said: "This is the first regiment of 
 soldiers I have seen in many years," and then 
 after complimenting in most flattering terms 
 the officers, who at his request had gathered 
 around him, left the field. This was the honest 
 outspoken expression of a brave old soldier 
 who had adorned our army for more than a 
 third of a century of notable service. 
 
 It is needless in this connection to write it, 
 but it may as well be stated, that this uncon 
 ditional compliment was an enormous feather, 
 not white, in the caps of the "Boys"; it put 
 them upon their best behavior, and its influence 
 lasted to the end of the term. 
 
 In the month of May, 1863, while an army, of 
 which the Ninth New York was a part, was de 
 fending the Union lines at Suffolk, Virginia, 
 during the siege of the rebel forces under Long- 
 street, the Ninety-ninth New York Volunteers 
 crossed the Nansemond River and, unsupported, 
 
INTRODUCTION. 1 7 
 
 made an attack upon the intrenched left of the 
 rebel line. The regiment was defeated and 
 driven back with considerable loss, and com 
 pelled to recross the river, leaving their killed 
 and wounded on the field. Seeing this, the men 
 of the Ninth, who had watched the whole move 
 ment, involuntarily, and without orders, com 
 menced to move in the direction of the scene 
 of battle for the purpose of rescuing those who 
 were left behind. This hazardous service, within 
 less than point blank range of the enemy s small 
 arms, was so well performed that it elicited from 
 the Lieutenant Colonel of the Ninety-ninth the 
 following acknowledgment: 
 
 HEADQUARTERS, ggth N. Y. V., Suffolk, Va., May 2, 1863. 
 COLONEL RUSH C. HAWKINS, Commanding gth. Regt, N. Y. V. 
 
 Sir : Allow me to tender to you my most heartfelt gratitude for the 
 kind and gallant promptitude with which some noble fellows of your 
 command volunteered to assist in removing the dead and wounded of 
 the 99th N. Y. V. from the field, under sharp fire, yesterday afternoon. 
 Six dead and forty-three wounded were brought in, not leaving a 
 single man on the field. 
 
 I am, Sir, very respectfully, 
 
 Your obedient servant, 
 
 R. NIXON, Lieut. Col. Comg. 99 th N. Y. V. 
 
 This communication tells its own story, and, 
 save only in one respect, calls for neither ex 
 planation or comment. The writer, who saw 
 the whole of the unfortunate affair from start 
 to finish, clearly remembers that the most of the 
 rescuing was accomplished by the fearless volun- 
 
18 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 teers for the perilous work, of the truly "Noble 
 Ninth." 
 
 This incident, more completely than any other 
 could, illustrates the dominant idea which gov 
 erned in the formation and education of the 
 regiment. From the first it was intended to ele 
 vate the man, not at the expense of the soldier, 
 but so rightly to educate him that he would 
 make the better soldier. 
 
 There were thousands of men " standing 
 around" from other regiments who witnessed 
 the disaster to their companions in arms, but 
 only the men of the Ninth moved forward to 
 the rescue of the fallen. The others were indif 
 ferent to their sufferings, or too anxious for the 
 preservation of self. These were machine sol 
 diers, who might have gone to the rescue if they 
 had been ordered. The men who did go went 
 because they could not help themselves. This 
 movement was involuntary ; they had to do 
 what they did, because it was the right thing 
 to do and needed doing. Thus they proved a 
 high development in the right direction of the 
 individual ; while those of the other regiments, 
 who only looked on, showed they were of the 
 machine sort, and could not, or would not, 
 move without orders. The stronger and more 
 elevated the individuality of the individual, the 
 more he respects himself and the stronger his 
 
IN TROD UCTION. 1 9 
 
 self-reliance ; and that is the most notable qual 
 ity in the make-up of the American soldier. 
 He can, and will, whenever necessary, move 
 to the front, and stay there without orders from 
 his officers. The onrush of the American sol 
 dier of his own volition, without orders, was 
 never better illustrated than at Missionary 
 Ridge, when our monumental individualities 
 from the West started out one fine morning 
 for a reconnaissance in force, which ended in 
 their driving Bragg and his army out of their 
 well chosen and strongly entrenched position. 
 The significant present they then made to the 
 army commander was without precedent in our 
 history. 
 
 This introduction has been written for a dou 
 ble purpose : to set forth, at least inferentially, 
 that the machine-martinet way is not the better 
 for making, in the shortest time, a good fighting 
 organization out of our average American ma 
 terial ; but the education upwards of the moral 
 and intellectual that is in him is the only way 
 to do it effectually, in order to get the best out 
 of the man that he has to give. A high order 
 of intelligence is quick to perceive the potential 
 necessity for discipline and value of tactical 
 knowledge, and soon acquires both without 
 being forced. Of course there are exceptions 
 to American regiment rules as well as to all 
 
20 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 others. There are plenty of men in the world 
 who need driving, but the average American 
 regiment, composed of natives, would be re 
 garded as especially unfortunate if it should 
 have fifteen per cent, of that sort within its 
 ranks. 
 
 PERSONAL. 
 
 In all probability, this is the last time I shall 
 be called upon to write about the regiment that 
 bore my name and that I had the honor to 
 command. Our intimate companionship com 
 menced thirty-nine years ago to-day, and with 
 those who survive has continued to this time. 
 
 The stirring memories connected with my 
 association with the brave and true men of that 
 body have ever been my most priceless posses 
 sion, and I can never forget how much I owe 
 to them, nor shall I ever fail, while life lasts, to 
 appreciate their friendship and loyalty. 
 
 The tour of duty on this earth is coming to 
 its close, the journey is nearing its end; the 
 parting at the ways is in sight, and the only 
 word to be fittingly said is now forcing its way 
 from throbbing heart to trembling lip ; the pro 
 nouncing of it I leave to others. 
 
 RUSH C. HAWKINS. 
 APRIL 19, 1900. 
 
CHAPTER I. 
 
 DERIVATION OF NAME ZOUAVES ORGANIZATION 
 OF THE NEW YORK ZOUAVES IN i860, WITH 
 COPY OF ORIGINAL PAMPHLET CONTAINING 
 BY-LAWS, COMMITTEES, ETC. 
 
 THE history of the Ninth New York Volun 
 teers would be incomplete without a brief 
 account of the " Old Company," with the address 
 and by-laws promulgated for its government. 
 These clearly and vigorously embody the rule 
 of action, strictly enforced, which gave birth to 
 the fine soldierly spirit, which in one winter 
 brought to the organization a degree of soldierly 
 perfection, in drill and demeanor, seldom found 
 in even the oldest military bodies. The or 
 ganization was, to the core, democratic, and yet 
 an unbending despotism, the despot being the 
 laws and regulations, which were impartially 
 and justly construed. 
 
 For the enforcement of orders there was no 
 military code to fall back upon. The authority 
 for all action rested solely upon the voluntary 
 consent and loyal approval of the governed. 
 But the whole structural part of the organization 
 
22 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 rested upon, and was sustained by an all pre 
 vailing esprit de corps, born of an earnest desire 
 for excelling in all the qualities which go to 
 make up the perfect soldier. 
 
 When the Rebellion came it found this asso 
 ciation of earnest boys (for they were all young) 
 ready, patriotic and filled with an earnest desire 
 to be of service to their country, and they 
 carried with them, into the ranks of the regi 
 ment which they made, the spirit of the parent 
 company ; and the child, upon all occasions when 
 called upon, proved itself a worthy offspring. 
 
 The name " Zouaves " was first taken from a 
 tribe of Kabyles in Algeria, whose fighting 
 qualities were for generations noted throughout 
 North Africa. After the French occupied Al 
 giers, in 1830, a body of these troops was incor 
 porated into the French Army, with French 
 officers, discipline and arms. In 1837 the corps 
 was divided into three battalions, and became 
 noted in the many conflicts preceding the final 
 conquest of Algeria. Long before this the native 
 element had been eliminated, and after 1840, 
 the Zouaves were simply European troops uni 
 formed as Arabs. 
 
 Because of their peculiarity of dress and the 
 fame as fighters of these Frenchmen, Messrs. 
 Hawkins, Barnett, Parisen, Hammill, Li Baire, 
 Graham, Childs, and others of New York City, 
 
ADDRESS OF THE ORGANIZERS. 23 
 
 conceived early in 1860, the idea of organizing 
 a company which was to be the foundation of a 
 future regiment, to be known as " The New York 
 Zouaves." The idea met with instant approval. 
 Committees were appointed, by-laws drafted, 
 and on the 23d of July, 1860, the corps was 
 organized. 
 
 An address, presented by Mr. Rush C. 
 Hawkins, was adopted and printed, which is 
 herewith reproduced, and which shows in what 
 an original, energetic and business-like manner 
 the corps was formed. 
 
 ADDRESS. 
 
 In forming an independent military organiza 
 tion there are a great number of things of 
 special importance to be taken into considera 
 tion in order to effect anything approaching 
 perfection. There must of necessity be many 
 absolute and positive rules, which must be car 
 ried out to the letter. 
 
 In the first place, equality of social feeling 
 should be inculcated to the most unlimited 
 extent. All should be considered alike and 
 treated alike ; nothing like favoritism should 
 be allowed to creep in ; efficiency and good 
 character should be the only recommendation 
 to preferment, and no one, by reason of a 
 superior social position, should be allowed to 
 
24 NIN IH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 usurp the place which merit should occupy. A 
 feeling of brotherhood and kindliness should be 
 cultivated. This is necessary in order to assure 
 harmony. All measures should be adopted 
 with as much unanimity as possible, so that 
 there may be no feeling of dissention. When 
 any measure has been adopted every man 
 should carry it out to the very letter. An inter 
 est and pride in excelling should ever be upper 
 most in the minds of all. Nothing like careless 
 ness in demeanor, while on duty, should ever 
 betray itself. The moment a man becomes 
 careless he ceases to be of use to himself or to 
 others. The idea has been circulated that this 
 organization has been formed in imitation of 
 our Chicago brethren. Such is not the case. 
 We shall not imitate ; we intend to create for 
 ourselves and manage our affairs after our own 
 style of thinking. 
 
 One most essential point of difference will be 
 that we do not intend to make laws to govern 
 the conduct of members while off duty. We do 
 not believe that it is requisite to place a cordon 
 of laws around men, in order to compel them 
 to become decent and respectable citizens ; but 
 we shall endeavor by example to raise the 
 standard of character so high that each one will 
 feel that if he conducts himself otherwise than 
 as a gentleman, he will be disgraced in his own 
 
ADDRESS OF THE ORGANIZERS. 23 
 
 good opinion, and in the opinion of his com 
 rades. We do not believe that any part of 
 mankind was ever changed from blackguards 
 to gentlemen by the force of strict laws. One 
 who will not, of his own accord, conduct himself 
 properly, cannot be improved by the force of 
 legislation. We, therefore, believe it just that 
 no attempt should be made to exercise any 
 control over the members of this corps while 
 off duty. 
 
 Still we would add that good conduct and 
 character, together with obedience to the in 
 stincts of truth and the dictates of honor, will 
 detract nothing from the man, nor make the 
 soldier less efficient. 
 
 We would assert, as a rule, that those who 
 would excel as soldiers must be patient and 
 industrious, quick and willing to obey orders; 
 they must pay strict attention to duty, and be 
 cleanly in person and dress. 
 
 These qualities, coupled with a desire to learn 
 and be instructed, will, in time, make soldiers 
 fit to command and to be commanded. 
 
 We should also like to have each man made 
 to feel that a uniform of glaring colors neither 
 makes a man nor a soldier; but that the con 
 duct, efficiency and bearing of the wearer must 
 decide whether he is a soldier, who knows what 
 he professes, or a fool, wearing uniform, not 
 
26 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 knowing why, except that it panders to his 
 vanity, which is satisfied in exciting the ridicule 
 of the sensible, the wonder of small boys, and 
 the admiration of fools. 
 
 PREAMBLE. 
 
 The members of this corps, having associated 
 together for the purpose of perfecting themselves 
 in military science, and for the further purpose 
 of forming a military organization similar to the 
 French Zouaves, do agree to abide by the fol 
 lowing by-laws, which shall constitute their 
 rules of action. 
 
 BY-LAWS. 
 
 ARTICLE I. 
 
 NAME. 
 The name of the Corps shall be " THE NEW YORK ZOUAVES." 
 
 ARTICLE II. 
 
 UNIFORMS, EQUIPMENTS, ETC. 
 
 The construction of the uniforms, equipments, and arms shall be 
 similar to that of the French Zouaves. 
 
 ARTICLE III. 
 APPLICATION FOR MEMBERSHIP, ETC. 
 
 Any male citizen or denizen of the United States, between the ages 
 of eighteen and thirty-five years, possessing a good moral character and 
 good health, who shall be proposed by any member, or shall send in an 
 application in writing, giving two or more references as to character 
 and health, shall be ballotted for at the next regular monthly meeting 
 after the proposition or application has been received; and if all the 
 ballots, except five, are in the affirmative, he shall sign the roll and 
 become a member of the corps. 
 
B Y-LA WS OF NE W } ORK ZOUA VES. 27 
 
 ARTICLE IV. 
 
 DRILLS. 
 
 Each squad shall drill twice a week; each company twice a week; 
 and the whole corps as a battalion once in each month, except during 
 the months of July and August. And after the corps is organized into 
 a regiment or battalion there shall be four field days in each year, when 
 the whole corps shall parade for field duty. 
 
 ARTICLE V. 
 COMPANY OFFICERS, ETC. 
 
 Each company shall consist of one captain, three lieutenants, five 
 sergeants, four corporals, four drummers, and eighty-four privates. 
 
 ARTICLE VI. 
 FIELD AND STAFF OFFICERS. 
 
 The field officers shall consist of one colonel, one lieutenant-colonel, 
 and one major. The staff shall consist of one adjutant, one quarter 
 master, and a paymaster. A chaplain and a surgeon may also be 
 attached to the staff of field officers, who shall be elected by a two- 
 third vote of all the commissioned officers of the staff and line. 
 
 ARTICLE VII. 
 THE NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF. 
 
 The non-commissioned staff shall consist of a sergeant-major, a 
 quartermaster s sergeant, a drum-major, a color sergeant, and two 
 general guides, all of whom shall be appointed by the Committee on 
 Instruction and Lectures, from the rank and file, with the advice of 
 the colonel. 
 
 ARTICLE VIH. 
 
 MUSTERING OF MEMBERS INTO COMPANY. 
 
 No member shall be mustered into a company until he has been in 
 spected by at least three of the Committee on Instruction and Lectures, 
 and by them pronounced capable of performing all the marchings, 
 facings, manual of arms, and evolutions of the line. 
 
 ARTICLE IX. 
 
 FORMATION OF COMPANY AND ELECTION OF OFFICERS. 
 As soon as one hundred and one members shall have been enrolled 
 arid found competent to be formed into a company, they shall then at a 
 regular monthly meeting proceed to elect the commissioned and non 
 commissioned officers of the company, each of whom shall be elected 
 by a plurality vote, and in like manner shall each successive one 
 hundred and one proceed, until ten companies are formed. 
 
28 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 When three hundred and three shall have been enrolled and formed 
 into companies, there shall then be an election of a colonel and staff 
 officers, who shall be elected by a plurality vote of the whole corps. 
 
 ARTICLE X. 
 FORMATION OF BATTALION. 
 
 The formation of the battalion or regiment in order of battle or line 
 shall be the same as that contained in Article First of Title First of 
 "Hardie s Rifle and Light Infantry Tactics." Each company shall be 
 mustered into battalion as soon as formed. 
 
 ARTICLE XL 
 DRILL. TACTICS ADOPTED. 
 
 The drill shall be that of the United States Light Infantry, following 
 as near as possible the exercises and discipline of Hardie, and the 
 bayonet exercise of McClellan, except when these authors come in 
 conflict with the drill of the French Zouaves. Then the latter shall 
 prevail. 
 
 ARTICLE XII. 
 
 FINES FOR ABSENCE FROM DRILLS AND PARADES. 
 
 The fine for being absent from drill, unless the absentee is excused, 
 shall be fifty cents, and from battalion or company parade, three 
 dollars. Being absent from three successive drills without being ex 
 cused, shall be considered sufficient cause for expulsion, unless the 
 absentee shall have first obtained leave of absence from the president. 
 
 ARTICLE XIII. 
 
 FINES FOR DEFICIENCY IN UNIFORMS, ETC. 
 
 On full dress company or battalion parades, no person shall be per 
 mitted in the ranks who is not properly armed, equipped and in full 
 uniform under a penalty of fifty cents. 
 
 ARTICLE XIV. 
 CONDUCT OF MEMBERS IN GENERAL. 
 
 While on duty, either at drill or parade, each member shall conduct 
 himself according to the rules of manly and soldierly propriety, always 
 paying strict attention to duty and obeying orders to the best of his 
 ability. 
 
 No member shall, when on or off duty, with any part of his uniform 
 on, visit any public place, such as bar-rooms, hotels, theatres, libraries, 
 etc., without first obtaining the permission of his commanding officer, 
 under the penalty of five dollars for the first offence, the second offence 
 will be a sufficient cause for expulsion. 
 
B Y-LA WS OF NE W YORK ZOUA VES. 29 
 
 On all parades or out-door drills, the corps being dismissed for a short 
 time, no member shall go beyond eighty paces from where the arms 
 were stacked without permission of his commandant, under the penalty 
 of five dollars fine for the first offence, and upon repetition of the 
 offence the member shall be expelled from the corps. 
 
 ARTICLE XV. 
 FUNERAL PARADES. 
 
 In case of the death of any member the whole corps shall attend his 
 funeral, wearing the usual military badge of mourning, in full uniform 
 or otherwise, according to the desire of the family of the deceased. 
 
 ARTICLE XVI. 
 CIVIC DEPARTMENT. 
 
 OFFICERS. 
 
 The Civic Department shall consist of a president, vice-president, 
 secretary, and treasurer, each of whom shall be elected on the first 
 Monday of each January for the ensuing year by a majority vote. 
 
 MEETINGS. 
 
 The regular monthly meetings shall be held on the first Monday of 
 each mouth. Special meetings shall be called by the president, or, in 
 his absence, the vice-president, upon a written application made to him 
 by five members, In case of a call of a special meeting printed or 
 written notices shall be sent to each member of the corps. 
 
 At all meetings fifteen members shall constitute a quorum. 
 
 ORDER OF BUSINESS. 
 
 On taking the chair, the president shall call the meeting to order 
 when the business shall proceed in the following order: 
 
 1. Calling the roll. 
 
 2. Reading the minutes of the last meeting for adoption. 
 
 3. Collection of dues and fines. 
 
 4. Reports of standing committees. 
 
 5. Reports of special committees. 
 
 6. Propositions and reading applications for new committees. 
 
 7. Electing new members. 
 
 8. Unfinished business. 
 
 9. New business. 
 
 10. Motion to adjourn. 
 
 RULES OF DEBATE. 
 
 The rules of debate shall, as near as practicable, confirm to those 
 adopted by the United States Rouse of Representatives. 
 
3O NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 ARTICLE XVII. 
 STANDING COMMITTEES AND THEIR DUTIES. 
 
 There shall be appointed by the president and elected by the corps, 
 on the first Monday of each January, who shall serve for one year from 
 the day of their appointment and election, the following committees, viz. : 
 
 FINANCE COMMITTEE. 
 
 A committee of three on finance, to be appointed by the president, 
 whose duty it shall be to audit all accounts, and pass them over to the 
 treasurer for payment. They shall see that the expenditure does not 
 exceed the income, and report at each monthly meeting. 
 
 COURT-MARTIAL COMMITTEE. 
 
 A Court-Martial Committee of seven shall be elected, collectively, 
 by a majority vote, whose duty shall be to hear the excuses of delin 
 quents, with full power to remit fines and order expulsions. 
 
 This committee shall report the fines to the treasurer and the expelled 
 members to the president while in the chair, who shall order the secre 
 tary to erase the names of the expelled members from the roll. 
 
 ARTICLE XVIII. 
 DUTIES OF THE SECRETARY AND TREASURER. 
 
 The secretary shall be present at each meeting, take down the pro 
 ceedings in writing, keep the original roll signed by the members, 
 attend to the printing and sending of notices. The treasurer shall 
 collect the dues and fines, pay all the accounts audited by the Finance 
 Committee, and report at each meeting. 
 
 ARTICLE XIX. 
 
 OFFENCES, CONSEQUENCES FOR NON-APPEARANCE BEFORE COURT MARTIAL, 
 
 ETC. 
 
 Each instructor of a squad and each commissioned and non-commis 
 sioned officer of a company shall take note of all offences and report the 
 offenders to the Court Martial Committee, who shall give such offenders 
 reasonable notice to appear before them for trial ; and if such offenders 
 refuse to appear at the time specified, unless detained by absence from 
 the city or by sickness, they shall be expelled; and in all cases where 
 the penalty of expulsion has been incurred, the president shall order 
 the secretary to erase the name of the expelled member from the roll. 
 Sickness, absence from the city, or doing United States or State duty, 
 shall be received as an excuse for non-attendance from drill, meeting, 
 or parade. . 
 
B Y-LA WS OF NE W YORK ZOUA VES. 3 1 
 
 ARTICLE XX. 
 ARREARS AND DUES. 
 
 Any member in arrears for fines or dues for two months shall be ex 
 pelled. The dues shall be twelve dollars per year, payable monthly. 
 
 ARTICLE XXI. 
 SICKNESS OF MEMBERS, PECUNIARY AID, ETC. 
 
 In case of sickness of any member, a committee of two shall be ap 
 pointed by the president to call upon him and ascertain if such member 
 is in need of assistance, and, in case the committee shall report that he 
 is in need of pecuniary aid, it shall be granted him out of the funds of 
 the corps, to the extent of four dollars per week, exclusive of medical 
 attendance. 
 
 ARTICLE XXII. 
 ASSESSMENTS, ALTERATIONS OF BY-LAWS. 
 
 Proposed assessments shall be per capita, and adopted by a majority 
 vote. These by-laws shall not be altered or changed, except by a two- 
 third vote of the whole corps ; and not then unless thirty days previous 
 notice in writing shall have been given of the proposed alteration. 
 
 ARTICLE XXIII. 
 
 Until the election of officers one instructor shall be appointed by a 
 majority vote of the corps. A set of rules and regulations to govern 
 the conduct of members while at drill, shall be hereafter adopted by the 
 corps with offences described, and penalties for each offence attached 
 thereto. 
 
 CIVIL OFFICERS AND STANDING COMMITTEES. 
 
 Rush C. Hawkins, President (and treasurer, pro teni). 
 Jas. J. Delaney, Vice-President. 
 Henry Barclay, Secretary, pro tern. 
 
 COMMITTEE ON MILITARY INSTRUCTION AND LECTURES. 
 
 Hawkins, Boese, Parisen, 
 
 Walsh, Copcutt, Macauley, 
 
 Higginson. 
 
 COURT-MARTIAL COMMITTEE. 
 
 Delaney, Barclay, Graham, 
 
 Frank, O. Parisen, LeBaire, 
 
 Tooker. 
 
CHAPTER II. 
 
 ORGANIZATION OF CIVIL CLUB DRILL MASTER 
 
 SERG T BENZONI FIRST SHOT OF THE CIVIL 
 
 WAR FIRING ON FORT SUMTER FIRST 
 
 OFFER OF NEW YORK TROOPS ORGANIZA 
 TION OF 9TH N. Y. VOLUNTEERS FIELD 
 
 OFFICERS CASTLE GARDEN RIKER^S IS 
 LAND SEVERE DRILLS NEW UNIFORM- 
 INSPECTION BY GEN L JOHN A. DIX OFF 
 
 FOR FORTRESS MONROE PRESENTATION OF 
 
 FLAGS IN FIFTH AVENUE ARRIVAL AT 
 
 NEWPORT NEWS. 
 
 A SUFFICIENT number of men were 
 *"^ soon enrolled and the organization 
 of a civil club, the governing body pro tem, 
 completed. No military officers were elected, 
 all members for the present being privates. 
 The officers appointed to drill the company 
 to-day took their places in the ranks to-morrow, 
 and observed the same attention to the orders 
 of the newly appointed officers as had been 
 accorded to them. 
 
 Through the courtesy of the commanding 
 officer at Governor s Island, the services of a 
 
SERGEANT BENZONI. 33 
 
 most thorough and efficient drill sergeant of 
 the regular army were procured. The sergeant 
 acted as general instructor and drill-master. 
 At each drill, he designated the acting captains, 
 lieutenants, sergeants and corporals. This 
 system permitted each member to acquire prac 
 tice and receive instruction in all grades of an 
 infantry company. 
 
 In addition to this system of instruction the 
 scheme embraced, on the nights when the regu 
 lar instructor was not present, the detailing of 
 different members of the company to act as 
 instructors at the regular out or indoor drill. 
 This gave to the youngsters confidence and 
 educated them in the necessary habit of com 
 mand. 
 
 No member of the New York Zouaves can 
 ever forget his old drill-master, Sergeant Louis 
 Benzoni, and each can recall the picture of the 
 erect old soldier marching back and forth in 
 front of the line of green recruits, snapping out 
 his orders and directions in his quaint military 
 broken English, doing his facings and going 
 through the manual of arms with such vim, 
 finish, and correctness, that they were more 
 inclined to regard him as a perfect piece 
 of machinery, than mere human flesh and 
 blood. Sergeant Benzoni constantly strove by 
 his exaggerations to make his lessons in pos- 
 
34 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 tures and movements impressive and valuable 
 to his pupils, and each considering them the 
 requisite of perfection to be attained, earnestly 
 tried to imitate them. 
 
 He was a consummate manualist, exact and 
 exacting, and as to the school of the company, 
 could handle men as well as he could the 
 musket. He was very much in earnest and 
 would admit of no inattention. 
 
 The result of his work as shown in the drill 
 and discipline of the regiment which these 
 young men organized and officered at the 
 commencement of the civil war, proved that 
 Sergeant Benzoni, "builded better than he 
 knew." 
 
 Headquarters were first established at the 
 Mercer House, but later the organization moved 
 to the corner of Fourth and Thompson Streets, 
 where the Judson Memorial Church now stands, 
 and on which historic spot the regiment known 
 as the Ninth New York Volunteers (Hawkins 
 Zouaves) was organized. 
 
 Washington Parade Ground was across the 
 street from the quarters, and was used by the 
 Zouaves as a drill-ground. Their novel and 
 interesting manoeuvres were eagerly watched 
 by crowds of interested spectators. In this 
 routine work morning and evening drills be 
 ing the daily practice the company continued 
 
FIRST SHOT OF THE CIVIL WAR. 35 
 
 until the firing on Fort Sumter, April 12, 1861, 
 which is popularly called " the first shot of the 
 war." 
 
 As a matter of history, it may be interesting 
 to state that in January, 1861, the sole force of 
 the United States Army in Barrancas Barracks, 
 Pensacola Harbor, Florida, was company G, 
 First Artillery, commanded by Captain John H. 
 Winder, with Lieutenants Slemmer and Gil- 
 man. Winder was later brigadier-general in 
 the Confederate service, and well known in con 
 nection with the military prisons of the South. 
 It was rumored that troops from Alabama and 
 Florida were nearly ready to seize the navy 
 yard and forts, and on the morning of January 
 8th, Lieutenant Slemmer moved all the powder 
 to the inner magazines of Fort Barrancas, caused 
 all the batteries to be put in working order, and 
 that night, for the first time, placed a sergeant s 
 guard in the fort with the draw-bridge raised. 
 
 About midnight a party of twenty men came 
 to the fort to take possession, expecting to find 
 it unoccupied as usual. Being challenged, and 
 not answering or halting when ordered, the 
 guard fired upon them, when they turned and 
 ran toward Warrington. The long roll beat, 
 and the company double-quicked to the fort, 
 but too late to capture the enemy. This was 
 the first trun in the war on the Union side. 
 
36 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 The next morning, January gth, at 9.30 o clock 
 the steamer " Star of the West," with two hun 
 dred troops and supplies for Fort Sumter, was 
 fired upon from a masked battery on Morris 
 Island, Charleston Harbor, and forced to put 
 about and go to sea. 
 
 At 4.30 o clock A. M., April 12, 1861, Captain 
 George S. James, commanding the battery at 
 James Island (Fort Johnson), fired a shell from 
 a ten inch mortar at Fort Sumter. It burst 
 about one hundred feet above the fort, and was 
 followed by a general bombardment from all 
 the encircling batteries. 
 
 The entire North was in a white heat of rage 
 and excitement on receipt of this startling 
 news. 
 
 About noon on the I5th of April the bulletin 
 boards of the daily newspapers announced the 
 call of President Lincoln for seventy-five thou 
 sand volunteers to assist in putting down the 
 rebellion. Soon after, members of the com 
 pany G. A. C. Barnett being the first Com 
 menced calling upon Mr. Hawkins, the president 
 of the organization, for the purpose of urging 
 immediate action and tender of services. They 
 notified other members, and that night there 
 was a meeting of a majority of the members at 
 the armory. It was brief, lively and patriotic. 
 No speeches were made and none were neces- 
 
FIRST OFFER OF NEW YORK TROOPS. 37 
 
 sary. Inside the walls of that ramshackle old 
 building every cubic inch of air was filled with 
 earnest resolve and manly determination to do, 
 and if necessary to die in the cause of their 
 country. It was resolved to commence recruit 
 ing for a regiment at once, and the president, 
 Hawkins, was authorized to proceed to Albany 
 to make a tender of service, and to obtain 
 permission to raise a regiment. He took the 
 eleven o clock train that night, and at a few 
 minutes after seven o clock, the morning of the 
 sixteenth of April, was sitting on the steps of 
 the capitol leading to the executive chamber 
 waiting for the arrival of the Governor, who 
 came to his office a few minutes after. The 
 business in hand was attended to in the 
 most direct manner and no words wasted. The 
 Governor, under existing laws of the State, was 
 not authorized to grant official authority, but 
 gave verbal permission to go ahead. The 
 interview closed by his saying: "Yours is the 
 first tender of services I have had." 
 
 At the time this matter was not regarded as 
 being of any importance, but since the close of 
 the war many claims about " Firsts" have been 
 submitted, and this has been taken from its 
 slumber in the recesses of memory for the 
 purpose of keeping company with the others. 
 
 When President Hawkins reached New 
 
38 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 York upon his return, he found a recruiting 
 office already opened in the company rooms, 
 and the members of the company busily en 
 gaged in the work of enrolling recruits. Appli 
 cants presented themselves in such numbers 
 that the success of the movement was assured 
 from the very beginning. The work of organi 
 zing the regiment was proceeded with at once. 
 More than enough men from the old company 
 enlisted to provide officers for nine companies. 
 The surplus was distributed among the com 
 panies as non-commissioned officers. The 
 positions and rank of line-officers were decided 
 by mutual agreement among the members of 
 the old company. The field and staff positions, 
 excepting that of colonel, were left open for the 
 present, to be filled later. 
 
 Mr. Hawkins became colonel, not only by the 
 voice of the company officers, but by virtue 
 of the authority conferred upon him by the 
 Governor. His experience and knowledge of 
 military affairs was not strictly confined to such 
 theories as might be acquired in the ranks of 
 citizen organizations, as he had, while still a 
 youth, during the Mexican War, served a term 
 of enlistment in the United States Cavalry. 
 The experience gained during that period of 
 service was of great assistance to him in the 
 present emergency. 
 
ORGANIZATION OF THE NINTH N. Y. VOLS. 39 
 
 Andrew S. Graham was chosen senior captain, 
 followed in the order named by William G. 
 Barnett, Eugene Li Baire, Otto Parisen, etc. 
 
 Recruits were enrolled so rapidly that the 
 captains were enabled to select from the large 
 number only those who in their judgment 
 seemed best adapted, physically and mentally, 
 for soldiers. 
 
 The companies having been organized, and 
 non-commissioned officers appointed, six com 
 panies were, on April 23, 1861, sworn into the 
 State service, and the remaining four on April 
 27th. 
 
 The tenth company, Captain Edward Jardine, 
 was taken into the regiment as a complete or 
 ganization. The captain had not been a mem 
 ber of the old company, but had some military 
 experience, having served his time as a militia 
 man in the yth Reg. N. G. S. N. Y. 
 
 The positions of field and staff officers were 
 now to be filled. George F. Betts (a son of 
 Judge Betts) was commissioned lieutenant- 
 colonel. He was a well known New York 
 lawyer, a U. S. Commissioner, and clerk of the 
 U. S. Circuit Court for the Southern District of 
 New York, and had been a field officer in the 
 militia for many years. He was considered an 
 excellent tactician in battalion movements. 
 
 The position of major was filled by Edgar A. 
 
4O NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 Kimball, a native of Vermont, who at that time 
 occupied a position in the N. Y. Custom House. 
 He was a veteran of the Mexican War, wherein 
 he had greatly distinguished himself, having 
 been brevetted for gallant and meritorious con 
 duct at Contreras and Cherubusco. 
 
 Another Mexican veteran, James W. Evans, 
 was commissioned adjutant. 
 
 The surgeon chosen was George H. Hum 
 phreys who, while yet a medical student, had 
 served with the British Army during the 
 Crimean War, and had further served with the 
 French Army in the war with Austria. 
 
 The assistant surgeon, Dr. J. P. P. White, was 
 also appointed at this time. He proved to be 
 an excellent surgeon and a most thorough, 
 painstaking, conscientious and humane gentle 
 man. 
 
 These gentlemen were chosen from among a 
 number of competitors for the various positions 
 named, after careful deliberation and investiga 
 tion by Colonel Hawkins, as to fitness, character, 
 antecedents, etc. Their records during the war 
 showed the wisdom of the choice. 
 
 On May 4, 1861, the entire regiment was 
 sworn into the service of the United States by 
 Captain Hayman of the regular army, and was 
 officially designated as 9th New York Volunteer 
 Infantry. 
 
CASTLE GARDEN. 41 
 
 Up to this time much dissatisfaction and in 
 convenience had been experienced by the regi 
 ment from unsuitable quarters. The corner of 
 Fourth and Thompson Streets, Center Market, 
 Astor s Riding Ring, on Lafayette Place, and 
 Castle Garden, were successively assigned it 
 for that purpose, the latter being the only place 
 that was at all suitable. Previous to having 
 these quarters assigned there was no permanent 
 location ; the company rooms at Fourth and 
 Thompson Streets were not large enough to 
 accommodate the regiment and the men were 
 compelled to return to their homes each night. 
 Consequently there had been little if any oppor 
 tunity for drill. For many years previous to 1 86 1 , 
 Castle Garden had been used as a public theatre, 
 where operas, concerts and entertainments of 
 like character were given. It was here that 
 Jenny Lind first sang in public before starting 
 on her famous American tour, under the man 
 agement of P. T. Barnum. Just previous to the 
 breaking out of the war the building had been 
 acquired by the State of New York and used as 
 an emigrant depot, but no alterations had been 
 made in the interior. The State assigned the 
 building to the New York Zouaves as quarters, 
 and on the following Sunday for the first time 
 since the days of the Revolution when it was a 
 government fortification religious services were 
 
42 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 held in the place by the chaplain of the regi 
 ment, Rev. T. W. Conway, who later became 
 Superintendent of Freedmen in the Department 
 of the South. The various companies were 
 assigned to different parts of the auditorium ; 
 and thus Castle Garden became the home and 
 a wooden theatre bench became the bed of the 
 new soldiers. While the regiment had not 
 yet received its arms, a sufficient number of 
 muskets were procured to arm the guard. 
 
 Here there was an opportunity to settle 
 down to the work of properly forming the 
 regiment. Details were regularly made for 
 guard duty ; the ceremony of guard mount was 
 performed after a fashion ; sentries, after being 
 carefully instructed in their duties, were posted 
 at various points, and while a great deal of 
 liberty was allowed and passes freely given, the 
 men began to feel some of the restraints of 
 military life. 
 
 Even at this early period of service indivi 
 dual traits began to be noticeable among 
 the boys. The painstaking could be easily 
 distinguished from the careless, and the public- 
 spirited from the selfish. A case in illustra 
 tion is the following: T\vo members of Com 
 pany D who believed in keeping their company 
 quarters clean and in a condition always ready 
 for inspection, and who at the same time de- 
 
"SETTING UP" THE RECRUITS. 43 
 
 sired to set an example for the others in the 
 company, regularly swept, cleaned and dusted 
 the company benches and cushions in the " dress 
 circle," shaking and folding the blankets of many 
 of their comrades, who would as regularly 
 " shake " themselves free from their blankets 
 and stalk haughtily away to more interesting 
 and less menial occupations. This continued 
 for some days until the junior member of the 
 quarters-cleaning firm remarked that he thought 
 " it time for a change." " Never mind," quoth 
 the senior member, " before long they will be 
 shaking and cleaning for us." Prophetic words ! 
 Before long the senior member of the firm be 
 came First Sergeant Horner, and proceeded to 
 shake and dust Company D in a way that 
 opened its eyes. A few months later the junior 
 member also got his stripes, and Corporal Sear 
 ing found it his turn to insist on thorough police 
 work by the former laggards. 
 
 The task of " setting up" and drilling was 
 now begun in earnest. The companies were 
 divided into squads and each, under the com 
 mand of an officer, was carefully instructed in 
 the preliminaries of military drill. The position 
 of the soldier, the facings and marchings were 
 gone over in the minutest detail, and in a very 
 few days the improvement in the bearing and 
 carriage of the men was especially noticeable. 
 
44 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 Sentries were stationed at the gates and in 
 structed to admit only members of the regi 
 ment, and so attentive were the men to their 
 duties that, on their departure for Riker s Island, 
 no one would have recognized them as the 
 green recruits of three weeks ago. 
 
 On May 15 the regiment left Castle Garden 
 for Riker s Island, where commodious barracks 
 had recently been erected. Large crowds had 
 assembled at the Battery, and amidst their deaf 
 ening cheers the " Ninth" marched aboard the 
 transport. 
 
 The 2d New York were in line at the water s 
 edge, their drum corps beating a salute in re 
 sponse to that of the Ninth, while Captain Mott s 
 battery of two 12-pounder howitzers gave a fare 
 well salute of eleven rounds, and the greatest 
 enthusiasm continued until the Zouaves disap 
 peared from view up the East River. 
 
 Arriving at their destination about noon of 
 the same day, the regiment disembarked and 
 found the new quarters all that could be 
 desired for their accommodation. They at 
 once entered upon the long and tedious daily 
 drills, both officers and men settling down 
 seriously to the difficult task of creating a regi 
 ment which would be equal to the occasion when 
 called upon in the day of trial. It is deliber 
 ately and positively asserted that this organi- 
 
SEVERE DRILLS. 45 
 
 zation was at this time unique in its freedom 
 from the serio-comic experiences of nearly all 
 new regiments resulting from lack of knowledge 
 of military matters among officers and men. 
 The ludicrous effect of officers, totally ignorant of 
 the first rudiments of military tactics, endeavor 
 ing to teach the manual to men as uninformed 
 as themselves, was never seen at any time in the 
 " Ninth." The officers thoroughly understood 
 the theory and practice of the school of the sol 
 dier and of the company, and were also well 
 posted in battalion movements. In teaching 
 the men they started at the beginning and not 
 in the middle. The first instructions were in 
 the position of a soldier. They were directed 
 how to stand correctly, and informed why a cer 
 tain posture and position was necessary. The 
 drill in positions, facings and marching were 
 repeated twice each day without arms, and con 
 tinued daily until the men had acquired perfect 
 confidence and freedom from hesitation and in 
 decision. Muskets were then distributed and 
 the same care exercised in the instruction of the 
 manual of arms. The men were advanced step 
 by step. The reason why each movement 
 should be performed strictly according to the 
 manual was explained, and their minds were 
 impressed with the fact that such movements 
 could be performed with more rapidity, and the 
 
46 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 arms handled with more efficiency by strictly 
 observing* the instructions given. 
 
 The result of this careful drilling by officers 
 who understood what they were teaching was 
 soon shown by the soldierly appearance the 
 regiment presented on evening parade, and 
 when it marched down Broadway on the 5th of 
 June, under orders for Fortress Monroe, it is 
 safe to state, and without fear of contradiction, 
 that for accuracy in the manual, general knowl 
 edge of drill, and steadiness in marching, it sur 
 passed any regiment of citizen soldiers that had 
 ever marched down that famous thoroughfare. 
 
 When the task of raising and equipping the 
 regiment had only just begun the Colonel 
 feared that the State authorities would not be 
 reliable in relation to the important essentials 
 involved in the great emergency. So without 
 authority or consultation he took the liberty 
 and responsibility of making contracts for every 
 item save blankets, overcoats and arms neces 
 sary to the launching of a regiment, and when 
 all contracts were fulfilled, the regiment clothed 
 and equipped, the cost per man was about 
 $21.50, instead of about double that amount 
 paid by the State for " shoddy" uniforms alone, 
 which commenced to fall to pieces as soon as 
 the wearers reached the field. The uniforms 
 supplied to the regiment by private contract 
 
NEW UNIFORMS. 47 
 
 were made of the best material obtainable at the 
 time, and lasted in fairly good condition through 
 the whole of the first summer in the field. While 
 here at Riker s Island the uniforms were issued 
 to the regiment. They were of what is com 
 monly called the Zouave pattern : close, easy- 
 fitting, permitting full action of body and arms, 
 artistic in form and picturesque, but of modest 
 tone; of army blue, the trousers slightly full, 
 plaited at the waist, with a magenta braid down 
 the outer seam ; jacket and vest with magenta 
 trimmings, a sash of the same color of woolen 
 material, wide enough to cover the stomach and 
 bowels of the wearer ; white leggings, and red 
 fez with a blue tassel. It was totally different 
 from the uniforms issued by the United States 
 authorities, and no nattier one was worn by any 
 body of troops in the service. 
 
 Previous to the departure of the regiment the 
 news agents of New York City, with whom 
 Major Kimball had formerly been associated in 
 a business way, presented him with a handsome 
 sword. Later a magnificent pair of epaulettes 
 came from friends in the custom house, as a 
 token of their esteem for his faithfulness, and 
 for his patriotism to his country. 
 
 The entire regiment had been vaccinated by 
 the surgeons, and its sanitary condition pro 
 nounced most satisfactory. Being fully armed 
 
48 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 and equipped an inspection and review was 
 ordered. 
 
 On the first day of June Major-General John 
 A. Dix, commanding the department, accom 
 panied by Colonel Keyes of the regular service, 
 reviewed the regiment after it had executed an 
 intricate battalion drill. 
 
 It was drawn up in line of battle, and after 
 dress parade, was inspected by the General, who, 
 as he passed up and down the line, expressed 
 his satisfaction in most flattering terms. He in 
 formed Colonel Hawkins that he was extremely 
 gratified with the completeness of all details, 
 and at the review after inspection expressed 
 himself as delighted at the perfection in march 
 ing displayed by the men, and their proficiency 
 in drill, knowing what a short time their brief 
 stay in camp had allowed for instruction. The 
 General was proud that such a fine body of 
 young men had been assigned to his command, 
 and said he hoped and believed that the regi 
 ment would one day distinguish itself. 
 
 On June ist the Colonel issued an order 
 which permitted friends of the regiment to visit 
 " Camp Hawkins," as the camp on the island 
 was designated, and on the following Sunday a 
 large number of friends, relatives and others 
 availed themselves of the privilege. 
 
 The camp presented a gala appearance ; the 
 
IN CAMP ON RIKE&S ISLAND. 49 
 
 barracks and company streets being decorated 
 with patriotic designs in evergreens, and gay 
 festoons of red, white and blue, each company 
 having its peculiar novelty. 
 
 Company A was presented with a national 
 flag by Sgt George W. Debevoise, while Com 
 panies C, D and G each received a set of colors 
 from friends of the respective companies, the 
 ceremonies taking place on the parade ground, 
 and being much enjoyed by the host of inter 
 ested spectators. 
 
 The month passed on Riker s Island was 
 if the continuous and severe drills are left out 
 of consideration one continuous picnic. Each 
 company vied in its endeavor to excel its neigh 
 bor in the tasteful decorations of the company 
 streets. There were always numerous visitors 
 in the afternoons, and on stated occasions when 
 general visiting was permitted, the camp was 
 crowded with friends and relatives of both 
 sexes, who loudly applauded the drilling on the 
 parade ground. The Zouaves were conscious 
 of the fact that they were the cynosure of all 
 eyes, and were looked upon as real soldiers ; 
 they were in a military camp and presumed 
 they were living the lives of genuine soldiers. 
 Their mothers, sisters, and young women friends 
 were sympathetic and inclined to coddle and 
 pet these poor boys, who were undergoing such 
 
5O NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 hardships and privations from pure patriotism 
 and for their country s good ; and they, " the 
 beggars," accepted all this as their due, and 
 tried to make themselves believe that they were 
 in some degrees heroes, whereas they were 
 really having an enjoyable time. Comfortably 
 housed, with an abundance of good food, with 
 out the trouble of preparing it, they were nearly 
 as well off as a modern militia regiment in a 
 State camp. 
 
 Orders finally came for the Ninth to proceed 
 to Fortress Monroe, and at noon on Wednes 
 day, June 5th, the regiment left Riker s Island, 
 aboard a steamer, and sailed for New York. 
 Landing at the foot of East 3Oth Street, after 
 much delay in effecting their alignments-- due 
 to the crowd which had gathered to greet them 
 the regiment marched to the residence of Mr. 
 A. W. Griswold, where it was halted, formed in 
 line, and brought to attention. Rev. Gardiner 
 Spring came forward with a beautiful stand of 
 colors, and made the following remarks : 
 
 " Colonel Hawkins, Officers and Soldiers of the Ninth Regiment, 
 New York Volunteers I have been requested by Mrs. Griswold, now 
 here, to present to you this splendid emblem of our nationality, and I 
 desire to do this with a few introductory remarks. I, who for over 
 fifty years, have been enlisted under the banner of the Prince of Peace, 
 find myself exactly in such a novel position as yourselves, who have 
 enlisted in the noble cause of defending your country against a band 
 of outlaws, who defying all laws of righteousness, are striving to 
 overthrow this, the happiest government on earth. 
 
 "Secession dates back as far as the days when the ten tribes of 
 
FLAG PRESENTATION. 81 
 
 Israel were lost, and even further, for the devil himself was a seces 
 sionist. 
 
 " I look upon this vile controversy as the most wicked ever gotten 
 up by man. I give you my blessing. The blessings and prayers of 
 the whole civilized world are with you. I pledge myself that the 
 prayers and blessings of the Brick Church shall not be wanting. 
 
 May the God of battles be with you, and in the hour of danger 
 hover over you. Accompanying this flag is a letter from Mrs. 
 Griswold, which I will now read for you, as follows: 
 
 " No. 381 FIFTH AVENUE, June 5th, 1861. 
 
 Colonel Hawkins, Commandant of the Ninth Regiment, New York 
 Volunteers. 
 
 COLONEL, I have the honor to present to you for your gallant regi 
 ment of Zouaves these colors. 
 
 The Union of which this flag is the emblem was established by our 
 fathers. Its cost was the price of blood. To their children they have 
 confided the trust of guarding and upholding it. What obligation can 
 be more sacredly binding upon them ? For more than three-fourths of 
 a century this ensign has commanded the respect of every people, on 
 land and sea, and wherever civilization is known, even penetrating the 
 dark corners of the earth, carrying light and freedom with it. While 
 thirty millions of people under its folds were enjoying life, liberty and 
 happiness, as no other people ever did, foul traitors have raised their 
 fratricidal hands against it. 
 
 The Government has called upon its loyal citizens to come to its 
 defense. 
 
 The alacrity and zeal with which you and others have responded 
 to that call awaken in our hearts the liveliest emotions and gratitude, 
 
 It is beyond our province to follow this standard to the battle field; 
 but we can and will follow with our prayers and blessings those who 
 bear it, imploring Him who holds in his hands the destiny of nations 
 to protect and preserve those who stand by their country s flag in its 
 hour of peril; and that He will speedily restore reason and loyalty to 
 that rash and misguided people who have assailed it. Accept for your 
 self, and your noble regiment of Zouaves, my kind wishes. 
 
 MARY ADELAIDE GRISWOLD. " 
 
 In a voice tremulous with emotion, Colonel 
 Hawkins in a few appropriate words thanked 
 Mrs. Griswold for the flag, and solemnly prom 
 ised that he and his regiment would protect it 
 with their lives if necessary to save it from 
 
2 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 humiliation or surrender, and that it should 
 return with them unblemished. 
 
 The color-bearer then received the flag and 
 it was exhibited to the Zouaves. It was of silk, 
 handsomely mounted, and was a most beautiful 
 as well as expensive token. 
 
 On the lance surmounting the staff was a 
 square plate of silver, upon which was engraved, 
 
 PRESENTED BY 
 
 MRS. ALMA W. GRISWOLD, 
 
 TO THE 
 
 NINTH REGIMENT NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS, 
 
 JUNE STH, 1 86 1. 
 LEXINGTON, APRIL I9TH, 1776. 
 BALTIMORE, APRIL IQTH, 1861. 
 MEMORIA IN STERNA. 
 
 The regiment then wheeled into column and 
 marched to the residence of Mrs. William B. 
 Moffat, where again swinging into line, another 
 standard was presented. 
 
 The Rev. Dr. Wiley, of Christ Church, repre 
 sented Mrs. Moffat, and in a touching address, 
 delivered the flag into the custody of Colonel 
 Hawkins, who, in accepting it, in well-chosen 
 and patriotic language, again pledged himself 
 and the Zouaves to defend the colors with their 
 lives if necessary, and to bring them back un 
 tainted by dishonor. 
 
 The standard was six feet by eight, made of 
 
OFF FOR THE FRONT. S3 
 
 double silk of solid red. Great taste was dis 
 played in its design. 
 
 Upon the centre was this inscription : 
 
 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 Toujours Pret. 
 
 This motto has since become the watchword 
 of the Zouaves, and true to its test they were 
 found to be " Always Ready." 
 
 Once more the regiment wheeled into column 
 and resumed the march down the avenue to 
 Broadway. The sidewalks along the entire 
 route were packed with citizens, who, from 
 Union Square to the Battery, gave them an 
 ovation which will never be forgotten, and 
 caused each man to mentally resolve that he 
 would never bring disgrace on the beautiful 
 standards or on the city which gave him so 
 proud a farewell. 
 
 Arriving at Pier 4, North River, the regiment 
 experienced the greatest difficulty in forcing its 
 way through the masses of people there gath 
 ered. Colonel Hawkins deemed it unsafe to 
 proceed to sea in what he considered the 
 crowded condition of the " Marion," the vessel 
 supplied by the Quartermaster s Department for 
 the transportation of the regiment, and after 
 some hours of delay in unwinding red tape 
 the "George Peabody" was provided as addi- 
 
54 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 tional transportation. The two vessels sailed 
 on the 6th, but it was not until the 8th of the 
 month that they arrived at Fortress Monroe. 
 
 Colonel Hawkins upon reporting to the Com 
 manding General there was ordered to proceed 
 to Newport News, where the regiment arrived in 
 due course, disembarked, and stacking arms, 
 awaited the arrival of their tents and camp 
 equipage before establishing a regular camp. 
 
CHAPTER III. 
 
 ADVANCE ON BIG BETHEL THE FIRST BATTLE 
 
 OF THE WAR GENERAL CARR s ACCOUNT 
 
 OF BATTLE OF BIG BETHEL ACCOUNT OF 
 
 MAJOR WINTHROP S DEATH BY A SOUTH 
 ERNER FORCES ENGAGED AND LOSSES OF 
 
 BOTH SIDES ZOUAVES TO THE FRONT- 
 COLONEL PHELPS AND HIS PECULIARITIES 
 RIGHT GENERAL GUIDE HERBERT AND HIS 
 
 GRAVE ERROR TWO ZOUAVES ATTEMPT TO 
 
 GET A " PULL " WITH COLONEL PHELPS. 
 
 UPON the arrival of the camp equipage, tents 
 were pitched in a wheat field, in which 
 the grain was almost ready for the sickle. This 
 was trampled down to make place for the tents, 
 which the men, after considerable difficulty, 
 being only amateurs in the business, succeeded 
 in erecting, and established their camp after a 
 fashion. On the day following, Sunday, June 
 9th, a beautiful summer day, tents were struck 
 and camp was moved to a point west of the 
 breastworks and on a line with them and near 
 the brink of the high wooded bank overlooking 
 the James river. The camp was here laid out 
 
56 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 in approved regulation style. It was an ideal 
 location. There was considerable shade from 
 the trees bordering the steep bank of the river, 
 abundance of good water near at hand, and the 
 ground smooth and with slope enough to secure 
 good drainage. 
 
 The next day was extremely hot and sultry. 
 It was a memorable one in the annals of the 
 war, for on that day occurred the first engage 
 ment in the Rebellion which deserved to be 
 called a battle, and which proved disastrous to 
 the Union side. 
 
 At a point nine miles from Fortress Monroe, 
 on the road leading from Hampton to York- 
 town, lay the little town of Bethel, probably 
 taking its name from the church located there. 
 It was known that the enemy had intrenched 
 and was holding the road at this point ; upon 
 learning which Gen. B. F. Butler decided to 
 attack him there. A creek crossed the road 
 near the church. A bridge over this creek was 
 commanded by a fortification of the enemy, held 
 by Col. D. H. Hill, of North Carolina (later 
 Lieutenant-General C. S. A.) and 500 men. A 
 personal reconnoissance of the topography of the 
 country had been made by Major Theodore 
 Winthrop, of General Butler s staff, and the 
 following memorandum for the attacking move 
 ment was drawn up. 
 
FIRST BATTLE OF THE REBELLION. 57 
 
 * A regiment or battalion to march from Newport News, and a regi 
 ment to march from Camp Hamilton (Duryea s). Each will be sup 
 ported by sufficient reserves under arms in camp, and with advanced 
 guards out on the road of march. 
 
 " Duryea to push out two picket posts at 10 P.M. ; one two and a half 
 miles beyond Hampton, on the county road, but not so far as to alarm 
 the enemy. This is important. Second picket half as far as the first. 
 Both pickets to keep as much out of sight as possible. No one whatever 
 to be allowed to pass out through the lines. Persons to be allowed to 
 pass inward toward Hampton, unless it appears that they intend to go 
 round about and dodge through to the front. 
 
 " At 12 midnight Colonel Duryea will march his regiment, with 
 sufficient ammunition, on the county road toward Little Bethel. Scows 
 will be provided to ferry them across Hampton Creek. March to be 
 rapid, but not hurried. A howitzer with canister and shrapnel to go. 
 A wagon with planks and material to repair the Newmarket bridge. 
 Duryea to have the two hundred rifles; he will pick the men to whom 
 to entrust them. Rocket to be thrown up from Newport News. Notify 
 Commodore Prendergrast of this to prevent general alarm. 
 
 " Newport News movement to be made somewhat later, as the dis 
 tance is less. 
 
 " If we find the enemy and surprise them, men will fire one volley, if 
 desirable, not reload, and go ahead with the bayonet. As the attack is 
 to be by night or dusk of morning, and in two detachments, our people 
 should have some token say a white rag or dirty white rag on the left 
 arm. 
 
 " Perhaps the detachments who are to do the job should be smaller 
 than a regiment three hundred or five hundred as the right and left 
 of the attack would be more easily handled. If we bag the Little Bethel 
 men, push on to Big Bethel, or blow up, if brick. To protect our rear 
 in case we take the field-pieces, and the enemy should march his 
 main body (if he has any) to recover them it would be w r ell to have a 
 squad of competent artillerists, regular or other, to handle the captured 
 guns on the retirement of our main body; also spikes to spike them, if 
 retaken. George Scott to have a shooting iron. 
 
 "Perhaps Duryea s men would be awkward with a new arm in a 
 night or early dawn attack, where there will be little marksman duty to 
 perform. 
 
 " Most of the work will be done with the bayonet, and they are al 
 ready handy with the old ones." 
 
 Butler goes on to say that he could not go 
 with the command himself, and selected his 
 
 *From Butler s Book, page 267. 
 
58 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 next officer in rank, General Pierce, of Massa 
 chusetts. It was his desire to place Colonel 
 Phelps in command, as the more competent 
 officer, but unfortunately there were one or two 
 colonels outranking Phelps, who were no more 
 qualified than Pierce, and he did not like to do 
 these officers an apparent injustice, and besides 
 did not think the enterprise at all difficult with 
 six of his men to one of the enemy. As this 
 was the first engagement of the war it may be 
 interesting to give a condensed account of the 
 operations from an article published in the 
 Century Magazine, from the pen of the late Gen. 
 Joseph B. Carr: 
 
 "June 10, 1 86 1, was the disastrous fight at 
 Big Bethel. Sunday noon, June gth, General 
 Ebenezer W. Pierce was ordered to Butler s 
 headquarters and shown a plan of attack on 
 both Little and Big Bethel. Minute directions 
 were given for conducting the attack, and Pierce 
 assigned to command. March began at mid 
 night, June gth. Pierce was to lead one column 
 from Camp Hamilton to a point near Little 
 Bethel, where the column from Newport News 
 was to meet him, and together they were 
 to surprise both Bethels. The troops were 
 the ist, 2nd, 3rd, 5th, and yth New York, de 
 tachments from the 4th Massachusetts and ist 
 Vermont, and a detachment from the United 
 
ADVANCE ON BIG BETHEL. 69 
 
 States Regular Artillery (n men) with two 
 field-pieces, under command of Lieutenant 
 Greble. We had, I think, not less than 3,500 
 men. The watchword, * Boston, was to be 
 shouted when unrecognized troops should ap 
 proach, but Colonel Bendix,of the yth New York, 
 did not receive information on this point. The 
 troops were approaching the point of meeting, 
 and some had gone to the rear of Little Bethel, 
 when Townsend s (3rd New York) and Bendix s 
 troops approached each other a thick wood 
 having intervened for part of the march. 
 Townsend s men wore gray uniforms, and 
 Bendix supposing them to be the enemy, opened 
 fire with musketry and one piece of artillery. 
 The watchword was shouted but Bendix, being 
 ignorant of its meaning, continued firing. Town- 
 send retreated a short distance and the error 
 was then discovered. Duryea (5th New York) 
 and Washburn (ist Vermont) were in advance, 
 and hearing the firing supposed the enemy 
 were in their rear, and at once fell back. The 
 firing had aroused the enemy, and they pre 
 pared for defence so that surprise was out of 
 the question. At this time Pierce sent for aid, 
 and the ist and 2nd New York, under Colonels 
 Allen and Carr, hurried forward ; the latter to 
 await orders at Newmarket bridge. 
 
 "Advancing through Little Bethel, which was 
 
60 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 evacuated, the troops under Pierce found the 
 Confederates occupying a strong position near 
 Big Bethel, with earthworks covering the bridge 
 which crossed a stream running in front of 
 their position. Col. John B. Magruder, was 
 in command here with three or four hundred 
 men and about five guns. Duryea moved up 
 the road on the left of the woods and the fight 
 opened by the discharge of a Parrott gun in the 
 Confederate works. 
 
 "Greble and his two guns took position on the 
 road with Bendix s regiment and three com 
 panies of Massachusetts troops. Duryea went 
 through the orchard and cornfield; Townsend 
 on his right and rear. The Confederate fire was 
 harmless at first, but when the range was found, 
 our troops sought the shelter of the woods, 
 after a vain attempt to drive the enemy from his 
 works. 
 
 " A short time after they sought shelter, about 
 1 1 A. M., I arrived with my regiment a ten-mile 
 march through the fearful heat and dragging a 
 gun by hand having delayed us since our start 
 at 7 A.M. 
 
 " We were surprised and puzzled at the condi 
 tion of the troops. 
 
 " For at least one mile from the scene of action 
 the officers and men were scattered, singly and 
 in groups, without form or organization, looking 
 
RETREA T. DEA TH OF GREBLE. 6 1 
 
 far more like men enjoying a huge picnic than 
 soldiers awaiting battle. 
 
 "I reported to Pierce, who consented to give 
 me support for a charge on the Confederate 
 works. Townsend promptly volunteered to 
 support me with his regiment, and started to 
 make the necessary preparations. 
 
 " Placing my command on the right and left of 
 the road, I was making ready for the charge 
 when a message came from General Pierce, 
 stating that after consultation with his colonels 
 (Butler says all of whom but Duryea voted to 
 retire) he found that troops could not be formed 
 to make the charge effective, and that during the 
 consultation an order had been received from 
 General Butler, ordering a retreat, and I was 
 commanded to cover the retreat about to com 
 mence. The pursuit made by the Confederates 
 was easily checked by the 2nd New York, and 
 the men reached camp without further mishaps. 
 The only firing occurring after 12 o clock on 
 that day was from the gun brought up by my 
 men, and in command of Lieutenant Greble. 
 
 " About one dozen shots had been fired when 
 Greble was killed. 
 
 "The gun was abandoned on the field, and 
 Greble s body was left beside it. I called for 
 volunteers to rescue the gun, and Captain Wil 
 son and his company, of my regiment, re- 
 
62 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 sponded, and, in the face of the enemy, gallantly 
 rescued the gun, bringing it in with Greble s 
 body lying on it. 
 
 " Major Winthrop s death during the early part 
 of this engagement was a notable event. 
 Though unattached to any regiment, he had vol 
 unteered for the expedition, and was killed 
 while far in advance of the troops and within 
 one hundred yards of the enemy. Butler arrived 
 at Hampton Creek to see the men coming in, 
 but saw no part of the fight." 
 
 J. Belloore of Richmond wrote to the editors 
 of the Century Magazine: 
 
 "Major Winthrop headed a force intending 
 to turn our left flank. On our left was a slight 
 earthwork. About 75 yards in front of this was 
 a rail fence. Our attention was called by cheer 
 ing to his advance. Looking up, we saw the 
 Major and two privates on the fence; his sword 
 was drawn, and he was calling on his troops to 
 follow him. Our first volley killed these three ; 
 those following being protected by the peculiar 
 formation of the ground were not injured, but 
 upon the fall of their leader beat a precipitate 
 retreat. 
 
 " I was among the first to reach these men. 
 All were dead, having been instantly killed. 
 Major Winthrop was shot in the breast, and the 
 others in the head. About ten days after, a flag 
 
FORCES ENGAGED LOSSES. 63 
 
 of truce came up asking for Winthrop s body. 
 Having assisted in burying him I was sent 
 with the party to find the body which was given 
 to his friends." 
 
 The Union forces engaged were: ist New 
 York Vols., Colonel William H. Allen; 2nd 
 New York Vols., Colonel Joseph B. Carr; 3rd 
 New York Vols., Colonel Frederick Townsend ; 
 7th New York Vols., Colonel John E. Bendix ; 
 4th Massachusetts Vols., five companies, Major 
 H. O. Whitlemore; ist Vermont Vols., five 
 companies, Lieut-Colonel Peter T. Washburn ; 
 Regular Artillery (4 guns), Lieut. John T. 
 Greble. Confederate forces were: ist North 
 Carolina Vols., Colonel Daniel H. Hill; 3rd 
 Virginia Vols., detachment, Lieut-Colonel 
 William D. Stuart; Virginia Cavalry Battalion, 
 Major E. B. Montague; Virginia Howitzer 
 Battalion, Major George W. Randolph. 
 
 Union loss, 18 killed, 53 wounded, 5 missing; 
 total, 76. 
 
 Confederate loss, i killed, 7 wounded; total, 8. 
 
 General Pierce in his report gave the number 
 of casualties from Bendix s fire : 2 mortally 
 wounded, 3 dangerously, 4 officers, 12 privates 
 slightly; total, 21. Magruder s report gives his 
 force as 1,400 in all with 1,200 engaged. 
 
 When messengers were sent to Newport 
 News for reinforcements, Colonel Phelps 
 
64 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS, 
 
 issued the necessary orders, and Colonel Haw 
 kins, with Companies A, B and G of the "Ninth," 
 at once hastened to Little Bethel, followed 
 later by other companies of the regiment. 
 
 These detachments arrived on the field with 
 in a short time of each other, and just as the 
 engagement had ended in a disastrous manner 
 to our forces. 
 
 In obedience to orders the Zouaves remained 
 on the ground until all retreating bodies of 
 troops had marched passed them, when Colonel 
 Hawkins sent out small detachments, with 
 orders to thoroughly search the neighborhood, 
 drive in all stragglers, and assist worn out and 
 broken down soldiers into our lines. This duty 
 was energetically performed, and the " Ninth " 
 acting as rear guard, covered the retreat of the 
 tired and dispirited forces. After a march of 
 twenty-four Virginia miles, over dry and parched 
 roads, amidst clouds of dust so thick that a 
 comrade s features could not be discerned ten 
 feet distant ; the regiment reached its old camp 
 in not exactly the freshest or most presentable 
 condition. 
 
 From this date onward the time was passed 
 in drills, scouting duty, picket, guard and kin 
 dred duties ; the boys finding some little oppor 
 tunity for recreation, but beginning to realize 
 that the life of a soldier was by no means a 
 continuous picnic. 
 
THE FIRST BRIGADIER. 65 
 
 Colonel Phelps commanded the post of New 
 port News; he was Colonel of the First Vermont 
 Vols., but soon was promoted Brigadier-Gen 
 eral. He was a resigned regular army officer. 
 In personal appearance he was tall and thin, and 
 to the men of the regiment who were all 
 young seemed quite aged. He was not over 
 particular about his dress, was rather democra 
 tic in manner, but a strict disciplinarian. He 
 feared no loss of dignity from being brought in 
 close contact with his subordinates; was a 
 thorough soldier, full of dry witticisms and blunt 
 speeches, with considerable biting, yet humor 
 ous sarcasm. 
 
 It is stated that when Colonel Hawkins first 
 reported to him the regiment s arrival, he in 
 quired in his high pitched voice and queer Yan 
 kee drawl : "Well, Colonel, what do you intend 
 to do with these schoolboys?" Phelps was not 
 long in discovering that there was more in 
 " these schoolboys" than he suspected; for their 
 proficiency in drill and soldierly conduct pleased 
 him, and he very soon spoke habitually of the 
 regiment as his "Little Zouaves." There were, 
 however, no favors granted or expected. He 
 kept the regiment at work constantly. In addi 
 tion to the regular drills, considerable recon- 
 noitering was deemed necessary, and a large 
 share of this duty fell to the lot of the "Ninth." 
 
66 NINTH REGIMENT, NE W YORK VOL UNTEERS, 
 
 Once or twice each week some one of the com 
 panies was sent on a reconnaissance, w r hich famil 
 iarized both officers and men with actual field 
 duty and taught them self-reliance. 
 
 The General was soon christened " Daddy 
 Phelps" by the enlisted men. He was quite 
 odd in his manners, but everybody liked him 
 and had entire confidence in his judgment and 
 ability. His queer sayings were a source of 
 continuous amusement in camp, but when he 
 became better understood his stinging satire 
 was dreaded by all. He frequently set aside 
 all conventionalities and managed affairs in a 
 way peculiarly his own. 
 
 On one occasion at a brigade drill, when the 
 entire force of the post was in line six or seven 
 regiments --a somewhat intricate movement 
 was about to be performed. The " Ninth " 
 was on the left of the brigade and was the 
 directing regiment, and the individual whose 
 duty it was to initiate the movement was the 
 right general-guide of that regiment, Sergeant 
 Herbert, of Company B, who was rather short 
 in stature and somewhat stout. After the Gen 
 eral had carefully explained the mode of per 
 forming the evolution he gave the order and 
 command " March." Herbert, whose wits had 
 been wool-gathering, or who had been in a 
 " brown-study " when the order was given, 
 
THE SERGEANTS REPRIMAND. 67 
 
 failed to move, and as a consequence the regi 
 ment " stood fast " while all the other regiments 
 moved off. For an instant the General seemed 
 paralyzed with astonishment; the appearance of 
 the tall old man on the little sorrel horse, with 
 the storm of his intense indignation gathering 
 on his face may be imagined ; then leaning for 
 ward with an arm outstretched toward the 
 offending sergeant, and each word ejaculated 
 with such intensity as apparently to lift him 
 clear from the saddle, he shouted : " Move ! 
 Move ! For God s sake, you little bandy-legged 
 man, Move ! " Herbert moved. 
 
 There was no opportunity for a laugh then ; 
 it had to be deferred until after drill, when a 
 chorus of five hundred voices howled in unison, 
 " Move ! Move ! for God s sake, you little 
 bandy-legged man, move!" 
 
 This incident ruined Herbert ; though a good 
 soldier, and later a lieutenant in the regiment, 
 he never could live it down. After serving 
 through the entire term he was mustered out 
 with the regiment, then disappeared, and has 
 not since been seen. He dared not face the 
 ridicule of the " boys." 
 
 Another peculiar phase of Phelps character 
 was shown in the manner he treated an attempt 
 to " get solid with the General." 
 
 While the regiment was at Newport News 
 
68 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 the whole country in that vicinity had been de 
 serted by the inhabitants. They evidently were 
 fearful of the soldiers and had departed hur 
 riedly, in most instances leaving all household 
 property behind them. Everything in the 
 shape of furniture, cooking utensils, etc., was 
 left in the homes of the people entirely unpro 
 tected. In order to check vandalism the Gen 
 eral had issued strict orders against foraging. 
 Two of Company A s boys, who, like most of 
 the others in the regiment were from New York 
 City, evidently imagined that military orders 
 were like city ordinances, only to be observed 
 by those who had no " pull." They proceeded 
 at once to get their " pull " by cooking to a 
 turn a foraged turkey, and nicely arranging it 
 on a foraged china platter, with which they 
 marched up to headquarters to present it to the 
 General. At the moment he was not present, 
 but the platter and contents were received by 
 the orderly, who was strictly enjoined to inform 
 the General whence it came. When the Gen 
 eral returned and his eye fell on the well- 
 cooked turkey and the china platter, he ex 
 claimed, " Well ! Well ! How nice ! That is 
 really thoughtful ! Orderly, where did that 
 come from ? " Saluting, the orderly replied : 
 " Two men of Company A, of the Zouaves, sent 
 it to you with their compliments, Sir." " My, 
 
"WORKING A PULL " WITH THE "OLD MAN." 69 
 
 My! " said the General, " how very kind and 
 thoughtful. Orderly, go with the corporal of 
 the guard, point out the men, and have them 
 brought here." The men were very much 
 elated when told the General desired to see 
 them, and started with alacrity, doubtless think 
 ing the interview would result in an invitation 
 to dine with the " old man." 
 
 What actually occurred was about as follows : 
 
 Corporal " General, these are the men the 
 orderly said you wanted." 
 
 General (to men) " Did you bring these 
 things here ? " 
 
 Men (in chorus, promptly) " Yes, sir." 
 
 General " That s the way you obey my 
 orders against foraging, is it ? Corporal, take 
 them to the guard-house ! " 
 
 The two crestfallen Zouaves and the grinning 
 corporal marched away, and history does not 
 record whether the General ate the turkey or 
 not. 
 
 This lesson may not have stopped foraging 
 in the Ninth Regiment but it effectually ended 
 all attempts to make General Phelps an acces 
 sory. 
 
CHAPTER IV. 
 
 RECONNAISSANCE BY COMPANIES A AND F 
 SKIRMISH WITH THE ENEMY - - TROUBLE 
 ABOUT THE RELATIVE RANK OF OFFICERS 
 DECIDED BY DRAWING LOTS - - GENERAL 
 BUTLER SUPERSEDED BY GENERAL WOOL- 
 SPECIAL ORDER FOR EXPEDITION TO HAT- 
 
 TERAS INLET THREE COMPANIES OF THE 
 
 NINTH JOIN EXPEDITION - - ARRIVAL OFF 
 HATTERAS BOMBARDMENT OF FORTS- 
 SURRENDER AMOUNT OF MATERIAL 
 CAPTURED. 
 
 WHILE the regular drills, parades, and 
 other ordinary routine duties of camp 
 life continued, the task of reconnoitering the 
 adjacent country by companies, or smaller de 
 tachments, was performed at regular intervals. 
 
 The immediate vicinity was occupied by the 
 enemy, and it called for extreme alertness and 
 watchfulness to guard against surprise and keep 
 informed of his movements. 
 
 On June 29, 1861, Company A, Captain 
 Graham, was sent out to reconnoiter, as was 
 usual. While moving along the road some dis- 
 
RECONNAISSANCES B Y COMPANIES. 7 1 
 
 tance from camp the company suddenly came 
 upon two Confederate soldiers, evidently on 
 scouting duty. They were gathered in and 
 taken before the Colonel. They were dressed 
 in a uniform very similar to that worn by 
 the 5th N. Y. (Duryea s), and they informed 
 their captors that the name of their organization 
 was the " Louisiana Tigers." The condition of 
 their clothing was such that it was removed 
 and burned as a matter of self defense. 
 
 But there were sometimes losses as well as 
 captures. A certain regiment at the post had 
 frequently reported losses from its companies 
 while they were on reconnoitering duty. Colonel 
 Phelps finally sent for the colonel of this 
 regiment and questioned him as to the cause, 
 remarking that while his regiment reported 
 losses, the Ninth seldom went out without 
 bringing in prisoners. The Colonel could not 
 explain this, but the losses from this time were 
 less numerous. 
 
 Another reconnaissance was made shortly 
 after that of Company A, which brought the 
 men to a stern realization of actual warfare and 
 the duty of a soldier in the presence of the 
 enemy. This was conducted by Captain Ham- 
 mill and his Company, F. 
 
 Starting out on the evening of July 3d, they 
 bivouacked for the night some distance from 
 
72 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 camp, and by daybreak the next morning were 
 on the road. After marching a short distance 
 they suddenly came upon a force of the enemy 
 - principally infantry, some cavalry, and at 
 least one piece of artillery which was appar 
 ently on an expedition similar to that in which 
 they themselves were engaged. This force was 
 still in camp with no pickets posted, and if there 
 was a guard at all it was simply a camp guard. 
 A lively skirmish at once developed. The 
 rebels were thrown into confusion as soon as 
 the attack was made, while the men of Company 
 F were alert, paying close attention to com 
 mands and attending strictly to the business in 
 hand. Some of the enemy evidently supposed 
 the attack came from another party of their own 
 men, as there were shouts of " Washington ! 
 Washington !" "Arlington ! Arlington!" probably 
 the parole and countersign, and cries of " Cease 
 firing !" The cavalrymen rushed for their horses, 
 mounted, and in wild confusion rode through 
 their camp and over their own infantry, who 
 held their ground for a few moments only, then 
 broke and fled. There were no casualties to 
 report in Company F, but later it was learned 
 from an item in a Richmond, Va., newspaper, 
 which reached the Union camps, that the enemy 
 lost in the affair a Colonel Dreux, of Louisiana, 
 and one captain killed, and seven or eight pri 
 vates wounded. 
 
COMPANY A S PLIGHT. 73 
 
 The Zouaves returned to camp without further 
 adventure. 
 
 On another occasion (July 8th) Company A 
 was sent to reconnoiter. The command left 
 camp late one afternoon, was on the march all 
 night in various directions, and just after sun 
 rise on the following morning, encountered the 
 enemy s pickets near Warwick Court House. 
 These fell back after exchanging a few shots 
 with the advancing Zouaves. The main body 
 of the detachment, while looking for some 
 demonstration in the direction of the retreating 
 rebel picket, were about to fall back leisurely, 
 feeling that the object of the expedition had been 
 accomplished locating the position of the 
 enemy when they suddenly became aware 
 that a large cavalry detachment of the enemy 
 was advancing rapidly in their direction. These 
 troops were followed by what appeared to be at 
 least a regiment of infantry, which was rather 
 an unexpected stirring up of a hornet s nest. 
 Nothing remained but to seek the cover of the 
 woods about an eighth of a mile distant. Being 
 outnumbered ten to one an engagement was 
 considered foolhardy. The alternative was a 
 precipitate retreat with the certainty of a good 
 run at first, and the probability of an ultimate 
 surrender. While double quicking for shelter 
 a bright idea occurred to the captain, and he 
 
74 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 ordered the bugler to sound, "Rally on the Re 
 serve." At that time both armies used the 
 bugle and drum calls of the old U. S. Army, and 
 the rebels recognizing the call, halted, adjusted 
 their infantry line, and dismounted their cavalry. 
 
 By this time the Zouaves had gained the 
 woods, and after proceeding a short distance 
 therein were halted, formed into rather a close 
 skirmish line, took position behind trees and 
 stumps, and prepared to offer such resistance 
 as they could to the advancing enemy. Soon 
 the snapping of twigs and dry branches under 
 the feet of the advancing skirmishers was heard, 
 but instead of directly approaching the position 
 where the company was concealed and awaiting 
 them, they moved diagonally toward the left of 
 the line, advancing at an angle of about forty- 
 five degrees to the company front, passing its 
 left flank, and disappearing in the woods to its 
 left and rear. 
 
 This discretionary ruse of the commanding 
 officer in ordering his bugler to sound the 
 call for rallying on the reserves, showed the 
 quick wit and good sense for which he was 
 noted. The foolhardiness of attempting de 
 fense against so overwhelming a body of the 
 enemy was apparent to everyone. Had they 
 been captured, either with or without resistance, 
 they would have been certain of a more or less 
 
TROUBLE ABOUT RANK OF OFFICERS. 75 
 
 protracted stay in Richmond ; and while that 
 city was the admitted objective point of every 
 Union soldier in Virginia, no one cared to visit 
 it as a prisoner. 
 
 After the enemy had disappeared from view, 
 the company was re-formed, moved still farther 
 into the woods, but in the direction of the 
 rebel territory, where a halt was ordered, rations 
 eaten, and the men, with the exception of the 
 guard, permitted to have an hour or two of 
 sleep ; after which a bold push was made for the 
 James River, where, in case of attack, the atten 
 tion of the gunboats could be attracted and 
 assistance secured with little delay. Much to 
 the relief of the men of the company the enemy 
 was not again seen, and after an exciting day 
 and a long march the detachment returned to 
 camp at Newport News with no casualties to 
 report, but thoroughly tired. 
 
 While at Newport News an unpleasant 
 incident occurred, which for a time threatened 
 to disturb the harmonious relations among the 
 line officers. 
 
 As before stated, the commissioned officers 
 in the companies organized at the outbreak of 
 the war were chosen from the old corps the 
 "New York Zouaves" and their positions in 
 line apportioned by mutual arrangement; and 
 when Captain Jardine s company joined the 
 
76 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS, 
 
 regiment at Castle Garden, he became in fact 
 the junior captain, though all the officers were 
 mustered into the United States service on the 
 same day. The question of seniority had been 
 definitely agreed upon. However, at Newport 
 News, Jardine determined to raise the question 
 and have it officially settled. In some manner 
 the belief had gained currency that the drawing 
 of lots by the disputants was the proper mode of 
 determining seniority where commissions bore 
 the same date, and when none of the officers 
 involved had seen former service. 
 
 General Phelps was waited upon by a com 
 mittee of three captains, but declined to interfere 
 officially; simply observing: "There should be 
 no difficulty among gentlemen in deciding the 
 question of rank." Jardine, however, insisted 
 upon drawing lots, and the other captains 
 agreed to the idea, believing it to be customary. 
 As each captain, except Jardine, was satisfied 
 with the rank he then held, it was agreed that 
 he, Jardine, alone should draw the lot. He 
 being junior captain was in any event certain 
 of being benefitted by the change. 
 
 There were ten slips of paper placed in a hat, 
 each slip bearing a number from i to 10. It 
 was agreed that Jardine was to draw from the 
 hat one of these slips, and the number appear 
 ing on it should entitle him to hold the corre- 
 
THE QUEER DRA WING OF LOTS. 77 
 
 spending rank among the ten captains ; the 
 captain so displaced should take the rank pre 
 viously held by Jardine the junior rank. Jar- 
 dine thrust in his hand and drew a slip which 
 bore the figure one. This relegated Graham to 
 the position of junior, his lieutenants occupying 
 a similar rank, while Jardine s were correspond 
 ingly advanced. 
 
 Considerable ill-feeling was for a time felt 
 and displayed ; the condition being such that 
 Graham could have insisted on drawing also, 
 but he preferred to let the matter drop. 
 
 A strong belief in the unfairness of the draw 
 ing was afterward created in the minds of 
 some of the officers by a remark of a lieutenant 
 of the regiment, viz.: " Not one of those captains 
 had sense enough to grab one of those slips out 
 of the hat and see if there was any other num 
 ber than * one marked upon it." 
 
 On August i yth Major-General John E. Wool 
 superseded General Butler in command of the 
 department; the latter being placed in com 
 mand of all the troops in the department ex 
 cept the regulars. 
 
 General Butler had for some time been aware 
 of the building of the Confederate forts Clark 
 and Hatteras, designed by the Confederate 
 Government to secure to themselves the con 
 trol of Hatteras Inlet. Having learned through 
 
78 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 some loyal North Carolinians, who for weeks 
 had worked in the forts, of the progess made, 
 Butler, knowing their great importance, deter 
 mined their capture if possible. After inform 
 ing General Wool of the situation at Hatteras, 
 and explaining his plans for the capture of the 
 forts, without calling upon General Scott for 
 extra troops, the following order was drawn up 
 and signed : 
 
 HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF VIRGINIA, 
 
 FORTRESS MONROE, VA., Aug. 25, 1861. 
 SPECIAL ORDER No. 13. 
 
 Major-General Butler will prepare eight hun dred and sixty troops for 
 an expedition to Hatteras Inlet, North Carolina, to go with Commodore 
 Stringham, commanding home squadron, to capture several batteries 
 in that neighborhood. 
 
 The troops will be as follows: Two hundred men from Camp Butler 
 and six hundred from Camp Hamilton, with a suitable number of com 
 missioned officers, and one Company, "B" of the Second Artillery from 
 Fortress Monroe. 
 
 They will be provided with ten days rations and water and one 
 hundred and forty rounds of ammunition. General Butler will report 
 as soon as he has his troops prepared, to Flag-Officer Stringham, and he 
 will be ready to embark at one o clock to-morrow. As soon as the 
 object of the expedition is attained the detachment will return to 
 Fortress Monroe. 
 
 Captain Tallmadge, chief quartermaster, will provide a detachment 
 of eight hundred and sixty men, for the expedition to Hatteras Inlet, 
 with a suitable quantity of water for ten days consumption, and the 
 chief commissary of subsistence, Captain Taylor, will provide it with 
 rations for the same length of time. These officers will report the exe 
 cution of these orders by ten o clock to-morrow if possible. 
 By command of Major-General Wool. 
 
 C. C. CHURCHILL, 
 First Lieutenant, Third Artillery, 
 
 Act. Asst. Adjt.-Gen. 
 
 These forts which the expedition was in 
 tended to capture were located at Hatteras 
 
THE EXPEDITION TO HATTER AS INLET. 79 
 
 Inlet, on the " banks," about nine miles south 
 of the Cape. The Inlet was the principal navi 
 gable entrance from the ocean to interior North 
 Carolina waters, and through it and Ocracoke 
 Inlet, all the commerce of Newbern, Plymouth, 
 Washington, and many other ports on Pamlico 
 and Albemarle Sounds and adjacent rivers, was 
 obliged to pass. It was a point of the greatest 
 importance to the Confederate Government to 
 retain control of this waterway. 
 
 Companies C, G and H of the Ninth Regi 
 ment, under command of Colonel Hawkins, 
 were assigned to the expedition. They em 
 barked on the steamer " Adelaide" August 26, 
 and joining the fleet, set sail, arriving off Hat- 
 teras on the forenoon of the 27th, where they 
 "lay to " until the next day. 
 
 The landing of the men from the transports 
 was attempted before daybreak on the morning 
 of the 28th, but owing to the extremely heavy 
 surf and rapid and dangerous currents, which 
 nearly always prevail at this exposed point of 
 the coast, but 345 men in all succeeded in reach 
 ing the shore. These belonged principally to 
 Company G of the Ninth and to the 2oth New 
 York. Some half dozen men only of Companies 
 C and H succeeded in landing with the others. 
 Many of the boats were swamped or water 
 logged, and the energies of Colonel Hawkins 
 
8O NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 and Lieutenant Crosby, of the Navy, were di 
 rected toward the dangerous and difficult under 
 taking of saving the lives of the occupants. 
 The disembarkation proving to be impracticable, 
 any further attempt to land the troops was now 
 abandoned. 
 
 Company G, Captain Jardine, had succeeded 
 in landing at a point about two miles up the 
 coast from Fort Clark, where they were hidden 
 from the view of the garrison by a range of 
 sand hills. The company gained the beach 
 through the heavy surf with great difficulty and 
 danger, but happily without loss of life. The 
 landing was covered by the guns of the " Mon- 
 ticello " and " Harriet Lane," which threw a 
 constant stream of shell into the low shrubbery 
 on the Pamlico shore, driving the enemy out 
 and preventing him from attacking the small 
 force which had landed. 
 
 In the meantime the fleet under orders of 
 Commodore Stringham had been hotly engag 
 ing the forts. The Commodore adopted a 
 system of attack peculiarly his own. Con 
 stantly moving his vessels in a circle he dis 
 charged his broadsides while abreast of the forts; 
 then quickly swinging around he returned on 
 the other side of the circle out of range of the 
 fire from the forts. Each vessel imitated the 
 action of the flagship, thus making it very diffi- 
 
THE ARMY OF OCCUPA TION. 8 1 
 
 cult for the artillerists in the forts to train their 
 heavy guns with accuracy on a ship in continu 
 ous motion. 
 
 The movement was afterward employed with 
 great success by Dupont in his bombardment 
 of Forts Walker and Beauregard. 
 
 Stringham never received the credit which 
 was his due, and soon after the surrender of 
 the forts, was, for some mysterious reason, rele 
 gated to the Charleston Navy Yard to supervise 
 repairs to old hulks, and never again occupied 
 a prominent place during the Rebellion. 
 
 Captain Jardine assumed command of the 
 force which had landed, but was not sufficiently 
 strong to justify an attack, and he disposed of it 
 behind the sand hills in the most effective man 
 ner possible. The weather becoming threaten 
 ing, the Commodore stood out to sea for safety, 
 leaving the " Army of Occupation" in a most 
 precarious and uncertain position when night 
 closed in. Fortunately the enemy left them 
 unmolested. 
 
 The weather having moderated in the morn 
 ing, the fleet returned and at eight o clock re 
 sumed the bombardment. As seen by the troops 
 on the transports none of whom had ever seen 
 such an imposing sight it was an interesting, 
 novel and exciting scene. Company G, having 
 been well closed in on the fort, was in more 
 
82 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 danger from the fire of its friends than from 
 that of the enemy. 
 
 During the forenoon the Confederates capitu 
 lated, and at a most fortunate juncture; for, 
 while the articles of capitulation were under 
 consideration the "Adelaide," loaded with 
 troops, grounded for a while on the bar, while 
 the " Harriet Lane " also grounded and remained 
 fast, and as both vessels were within range of the 
 guns of the fort it was a moment of great 
 anxiety. 
 
 The surrender of these forts was the first great 
 success of the war thus far and caused much re 
 joicing at the North. The captures were: 715 
 prisoners, 1 ,000 stand of arms, 30 pieces of cannon 9 
 one ten-inch columbiad, a brig loaded with 
 cotton, a sloop loaded with provisions and 
 stores, two lightships, a schooner in ballast, five 
 stand of colors, and 150 bags of coffee, all 
 without loss of life on the Union side. 
 
 General Butler in his official report says: "I 
 desire to commend to your attention Captain 
 Jardine, of the gth New York, who was left in 
 command of the detachment of his regiment, 
 when an accident to the * Harriet Lane prevent 
 ed Colonel Hawkins from landing." Jardine had 
 with him sixty-eight men. 
 
 The forts were under the command of Flag- 
 Officer Samuel Barron, C. S. N., formerly an 
 
IMAGINARY WAR AND REAL WAR. 83 
 
 officer in the U. S. Navy : the garrison being 
 composed largely of raw, undisciplined recruits 
 who had never been in action, but who doubt 
 less were inspirited by the universal opinion 
 then indulged in by the South, that "one 
 Southerner was the equivalent of five Yankees, 
 or mudsills." 
 
 This ignorant confidence, and contempt for 
 Northern people, caused them to fall into the 
 common impression held by people generally 
 who had never been in action, which is, that war 
 consists in shooting at and killing " the other 
 fellow;" therefore, when the "other fellow" began 
 to shoot and to kill also, the whole transaction 
 assumed an entirely different phase to them, 
 and they lost any interest they might at first 
 have had in the action and were ready to quit 
 which they did. 
 
 On Sept. gth, 1861, General Wool, wrote 
 General Scott: "I shall detail a company of regu 
 lars and send forward the balance (seven com 
 panies) of Hawkins regiment, recalling Max 
 Weber s German regiment, much complained of 
 by the inhabitants for depredations and various 
 outrages upon them." 
 
CHAPTER V. 
 
 COLONEL HAWKINS ASSUMES COMMAND OF POST COR 
 RESPONDENCE BETWEEN COLONEL HAWKINS AND 
 GENERAL WOOL EXPEDITION TO BEACON ISLAND 
 LIEUT.-COLONEL BETTS AND FIVE COMPANIES 
 REJOIN REGIMENT SURRENDER OF GUNBOAT 
 "FANNIE" ATTACK ON 20TH INDIANA GENERAL 
 WILLIAMS SUPERSEDES COLONEL HAWKINS CON 
 STRUCTION OF NEW FORTS ANTIPATHY OF MEN 
 TO WILLIAMS BOYS "SCOUTING" FOR FRESH PORK 
 SERIOUSLY ALARM THE GENERAL HAWKINS DIS 
 PLEASED, WRITES GENERAL WOOL MAJOR KIM- 
 BALL AND TWO COMPANIES ARRIVE FROM NEW 
 PORT NEWS ARRIVAL OF BURNSIDE EXPEDITION- 
 ALL READY FOR ROANOKE ISLAND RATIONS FROM 
 THE SEA WINE LABELS PASSED AS CURRENCY- 
 ROBBING POTATO HOUSES. 
 
 BY virtue of rank, Colonel Hawkins assumed 
 command of the land forces at Hatteras 
 on August soth, making his headquarters at 
 Fort Clark, while Colonel Max Weber, with 
 part of the 2Oth New York, was stationed at 
 Fort Hatteras. 
 
 Instead of following instructions from Wash 
 ington to close Hatteras Inlet by sinking two 
 
CORRESPONDENCE WITH GENERAL WOOL. 85 
 
 schooners loaded with sand which were with 
 the fleet for that purpose, General Butler de 
 cided to disobey orders, and after the surrender 
 at once sailed for Washington to report the 
 result of the expedition and explain his reasons 
 for not closing the Inlet as directed. His 
 action was sustained. Had it been otherwise 
 Burnside s expedition would never have been 
 organized. 
 
 Early in September Colonel Hawkins wrote 
 General Wool a voluminous letter, setting forth 
 the condition of affairs in the new department 
 and making numerous suggestions as to the 
 future operations he deemed necessary, among 
 others that Roanoke Island should be at once 
 occupied, it being then held by the enemy, and 
 urging General Wool to impress upon the 
 Government " the importance and necessity of 
 immediate action in this department," the 
 wisdom of this being justified later by Burn- 
 side s departure for that strategic point. 
 
 Among the communications and documents 
 transmitted to the authorities by the Colonel 
 about this time were the following, which may 
 be of interest: 
 
 FORT CLARK, HATTERAS INLET, Sept. 6, 1861. 
 
 MAJOR-GENERAL JOHN E. WOOL, 
 
 Commanding Department of Virginia, Fortress Monroe, Va. 
 GENERAL: On the soth day of August I landed from the fleet and 
 took command of Fort Clark, where I still remain with the companies 
 which I brought with me from Newport News. During the afternoon 
 
86 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 of the 3oth ult. , a delegation on behalf of the citizens of this island 
 waited on me and placed in my hands a paper, a copy of which is here 
 with inclosed, and marked "A," and is as follows: 
 
 To THE COMMANDER OF THE FEDERAL FORCES AT HATTER AS INLET: 
 
 DEAR SIR: We, the citizens of Cape Hatteras, do ask of your honor 
 that you will allow us to return to our homes and property, and protect 
 us in the same as neutral citizens, as we have never taken up arms 
 against your government, nor has it been our wish to do so. We did 
 not help by our votes to get North Carolina out of the Union. Believing 
 that your clemency will not allow you to treat us as rebels, who have 
 always been loyal citizens, we do earnestly request, for the sake of our 
 women and children, that you will comply with our wishes, as we seek 
 protection from your honor. 
 
 Yours very respectfully, 
 
 CITIZENS OF HATTERAS. 
 
 In answer to this communication I requested that as many citizens as 
 could might meet me next day for the purpose of arranging terms by 
 which they would be permitted to remain here. Agreeably to the 
 request about thirty men came to see me. The terms were contained 
 in an oath, a copy of which is here transmitted, and marked "B" as 
 follows : 
 
 STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA, HYDE COUNTY. 
 
 We, the undersigned, do solemnly swear that we will bear true 
 allegiance to the United States; that we will not take up arms against 
 said Government, or hold any communication with its enemies, or aid 
 or comfort its enemies in any way whatever; that we will give to the 
 commander of Fort Clark any information we may obtain or receive 
 of the approach of the enemy; and in case we are called upon, we will 
 assist the commandant of said fort in his defense thereof against any 
 and all of the enemies of the United States; and we will also, under 
 any and all circumstances, support the Constitution of the United 
 States. 
 
 Practically every male inhabitant of that 
 portion of the "banks" which came within the 
 jurisdiction of the United States officers sub 
 scribed to this oath and the relations between 
 them and the soldiers were soon established on 
 a friendly basis. Nothing occurred while the 
 Ninth remained in the vicinity to excite a 
 
HA TTERAS BANKS IN 1861. 87 
 
 suspicion that they were other than loyal 
 Unionists. 
 
 Hatteras Banks, on which the regiment now 
 found itself established, is a section of that 
 series of long narrow islands which stretch 
 like a barrier reef along the Atlantic coast from 
 Cape May to the southern point of Florida. 
 At Hatteras Inlet it is said to be distant from 
 the main land of North Carolina, Pamlico 
 Sound intervening, fully forty miles. This 
 storm-beaten and desolate strip of sand, so far 
 out to sea, would seem to be as uninviting and 
 inhospitable a spot as human beings could well 
 choose for abiding places. Yet within the 
 territory controlled by the troops whose head 
 quarters were at the Inlet, some scores of fami 
 lies had voluntarily, it must be presumed, 
 located themselves and made their homes. 
 
 The island varied greatly in width. At some 
 places it was several miles between sea and 
 sound, while at other points less than a quarter 
 of a mile separated them. Some portions were 
 simply a wilderness of desolate sand dunes, 
 some of which, however, nearly reached the 
 dignity of hills in size, with here and there, in 
 the lower places, a few stunted live oaks scat 
 tered about singly or in little bunches of thicket. 
 In the wider parts of the " banks " where the 
 land was not so much at sea as it were, there 
 
88 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 were forests of considerable extent of good 
 sized pines with occasionally trees of other va 
 rieties. Here and there where a little soil had 
 formed from the fallen leaves of many seasons 
 and from the decayed wood of the fallen trees, 
 the natives had located and built their houses. 
 The little enclosures of fertile soil nearby they 
 called "The Plantation." The houses of the 
 inhabitants were generally of good size, well 
 built and comfortable, and compared favorably 
 with the average southern farm house as found 
 in more favored localities. 
 
 At several points within the limits of occupa 
 tion there were level plains of sand \vhich ex 
 tended from the sea to the sound, varying in 
 width from two or three hundred yards to a 
 half mile or more, with neither tree, shrub nor 
 hillock to break the general level, and elevated 
 only a few feet above the reach of the tides. 
 These were known to the inhabitants, and soon 
 to the soldiers also, as "bald beaches." Their 
 origin or cause was the source of considerable 
 speculation among such of the boys as cared to 
 waste their gray matter in attempts to solve 
 such questions. The conclusion arrived at was 
 that they had been caused by the passage of 
 sand hills which, at a more or less remote period, 
 had moved across the island, probably from the 
 side toward the ocean, and had finally buried 
 themselves in the waters of the sound. 
 
THE MOVING SAND HILLS. 89 
 
 In more than one locality in the vicinity of 
 the camps this action, or phenomena, was still 
 apparent. The sand cast up by the action of 
 the sea dried in the sun and breeze and drifting 
 before the prevailing wind, being sheltered from 
 counter-currents by the thick foliage of the 
 pines, formed drifts which constantly grew in 
 breadth and height by the ceaseless moving of 
 the dry surface sand up the windward slope of 
 the growing hill. The eddy formed between 
 the crest of the drift and the opposing wall of 
 trees prevented any forward movement of the 
 mass until the heighth gained by it was equal 
 to that of the woods in front, when, there being 
 no longer an eddy in the wind to retard the 
 forward movement, the advance began. This 
 was slow but irresistible. Everything in its 
 track was overwhelmed. Houses, trees, culti 
 vated land, all disappeared before the onward 
 march of this silent enemy. After it had 
 passed its tract was desolation, and this was 
 the "bald beach." 
 
 On September 1 6th a detachment of the Union 
 Coast Guard, under command of Lieutenants 
 Rowe and Patten, with part of the crew of the 
 " Pawnee," embarked on the steamer " Fanny," 
 and sailed for Beacon Island, where they dis 
 covered a large battery mounting twenty-two 
 guns, four of which had been removed the pre- 
 
90 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 vious day to Newberne. The guns were de 
 stroyed, bomb-proofs demolished, woodwork 
 of battery and large piles of lumber burned. A 
 lightship towed from its moorings by the rebels 
 was also destroyed by fire, and a quantity of 
 ammunition secured, some eighty shells being 
 carried away from the island. 
 
 On the loth of September five companies of 
 the regiment left Newport News with Lieuten 
 ant Colonel Betts, landing at Hatteras the next 
 day, when he was directed by Colonel Hawkins 
 to camp about two miles up the island on the 
 shore of Pamlico Sound. The location was 
 named Camp Wool. 
 
 These men brought a story of a naval fight in 
 the James River, between the fleet, near the 
 camp at Newport News, and a rebel gunboat 
 which came out of Norfolk Harbor one day. 
 This boat was armed with a gun of such a long 
 range that she was able to keep outside of the 
 range of the guns of the Union fleet and pepper 
 them at her leisure. As a matter of fact the 
 little rebel gunboat, with only one gun in action^ 
 held the fleet at her mercy. It was only a 
 question of marksmanship how soon she would 
 sink one or more of them. 
 
 While the soldiers were watching the firing, a 
 boat arrived from one of the naval vessels. The 
 officer in charge requested the first man he met, 
 
NAVAL FIGHT AT NEWPORT NEWS. 91 
 
 Jerry Donovan, of Company A of the Ninth, to 
 conduct him to General Phelps headquarters. 
 They found the General watching the one-sided 
 fight from his quarters. The naval officer ex 
 plained the situation. Their guns did not have 
 range enough to reach the enemy and they 
 were in danger of being sunk at their moorings. 
 He requested the General to try the range of 
 the big 6-inch "James rifle, which was mounted 
 in a little battery of its own on the bluff. 
 
 At the time of this attack there happened to 
 be no regular artillerists in camp. As a matter 
 of fact the James rifle had no crew. The gun 
 was not considered a part of the armament of 
 the place. It had been brought there and 
 mounted by the inventor and maker at his own 
 expense, in his desire to have it tested and 
 adopted by the Government. It was one of 
 the forerunners of the modern high-power guns, 
 and a remarkably efficient one, as it had re 
 peatedly thrown shells across the James to Pigs 
 Point, a distance of four miles. 
 
 After the Hatteras expedition sailed General 
 Phelps began to drill detachments of the 
 Zouaves at this big rifle. They learned readily 
 and were soon very proficient. Therefore, 
 when the naval officer suggested that the big 
 gun be used, the General replied, " I was just 
 thinking about that myself." Donovan was di- 
 
92 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 rected to call together enough men to man the 
 gun. He soon returned with three of his 
 comrades and they, with General Phelps as one 
 of the crew, manned the big gun, and in a few 
 moments had opened fire on the enemy. The 
 General sighted and fired the gun himself, 
 getting the range of the rebel gunboat after a 
 few shots, which obliged her to beat a hasty 
 retreat to the shelter of Craney Island. The 
 boys of the " scratch " gun crew were very 
 proud of the fact that they had been in action 
 with a brigadier-general as a side partner. 
 
 This was another illustration of the fore 
 thought and thoroughness of General Phelps 
 in everything pertaining to his duty. 
 
 Two companies still remained at Newport 
 News (B and K) under command of Major 
 Kimball, who was chafing with impatience at 
 being kept from more active service in the 
 field. 
 
 Intelligence was received at the Inlet in the 
 latter part of September that the enemy were 
 being largely reinforced at Roanoke Island, and 
 were fortifying it extensively. Colonel Hawkins 
 deemed it prudent to establish a camp at Chi- 
 comocomico, about thirty-six miles north of the 
 Inlet, as a point of observation, and seven com 
 panies of the 2Oth Indiana, which had recently 
 arrived at the post, were ordered there for that 
 
CAPTURE OF THE "FANNY." 93 
 
 purpose. Communication was maintained and 
 supplies forwarded by means of a small steamer, 
 the " Fanny," on which was mounted one or 
 two boat howitzers. She was commanded by 
 the Sergeant-Major of the Ninth, who had been 
 a sailor, and was manned by a crew detailed 
 from the regiment. On one of the trips while 
 engaged in discharging cargo into small boats, 
 about four miles off shore, in the shallow water 
 opposite the camp at Chicomocomico, she was 
 surprised and captured by three rebel vessels 
 which suddenly appeared, and were disposed in 
 such a manner as to cut off her retreat. No 
 attempt was made to destroy the vessel or 
 cargo and everything fell into the hands of the 
 enemy. This included Sergeant-Major Pea 
 cock and nine enlisted men of the Ninth, 
 twenty men of the 2Oth Indiana, and all the 
 commissary and quartermaster s stores with 
 which the vessel was loaded. All the new 
 overcoats for the 2Oth were among the stores 
 lost. No doubt they were appreciated by the 
 rebels into whose hands they fell, more espec 
 ially as the season was already well advanced 
 toward the time when cold weather might be 
 looked for. About daybreak on October 4th, 
 only a few days after the above unfortunate 
 occurrence, the camp at Chicomocomico was 
 attacked by an overwhelming force of the 
 
94 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 enemy, who appeared so suddenly in several 
 vessels on the sound, as to almost effect a 
 surprise, landing both opposite to and below 
 the camp in an attempt to cut off the escape 
 of the Indiana men. At the first alarm, and 
 when Colonel Brown, who was in command 
 of the 20th, realized his position, he dis 
 patched a messenger to notify Colonel Haw 
 kins of his plight and fell hastily back out of 
 the trap set for him. When the messenger 
 dispatched by Colonel Brown reached Colonel 
 Hawkins, the latter at once hurried Captain 
 Jardine toward Chicomocomico with instruc 
 tions, and to render what assistance he could 
 pending the arrival of reinforcements. Mean 
 while Colonel Hawkins notified the command 
 ant of the naval forces at the Inlet of the situa- 
 ation and of his intended action in connection 
 therewith, and at once started with eight com 
 panies of his regiment to the assistance of 
 Colonel Brown. This march was the most 
 severe and trying one which the regiment had 
 up to that time been called upon to make. 
 The start was made about five o clock in the 
 evening and was a forced march in the full 
 meaning of the term. The men pushed on 
 hour after hour through the deep yielding sand 
 at their utmost speed. The night was dark 
 and the ground over which the regiment moved 
 
FORCED MARCH TO CHICOMOCOMICO. 9S 
 
 was rough. In some places the loose sand was 
 more than shoe deep, and as a consequence the 
 shoes of the men filled with sand, which made 
 marching extremely painful and difficult, and 
 they had to be removed and emptied at frequent 
 intervals. Some of the Zouaves tried to im 
 prove matters by removing their shoes and 
 marching barefoot. They soon learned that 
 this was impossible as it was found that in many 
 places the ground was thickly strewn with 
 small round sharp-pointed burrs which stuck in 
 the flesh and made marching barefooted out of 
 the question. 
 
 Some time during the night the regiment 
 arrived at a point within supporting distance of 
 the 2Oth, when they heard the welcome com 
 mands " halt " and " rest," and where they 
 bivouacked for the night. In the morning 
 they started on the return march in company 
 with the 2Oth Indiana, and reached their camp 
 some hours after dark the same night, in a 
 worse condition, from fatigue and exhaustion, 
 than they had been in at any time up to that 
 period of their service. 
 
 General Mansfield arrived at the Inlet about 
 this time and assumed command. He re 
 mained only a few days, however, as he soon 
 departed leaving Colonel Hawkins again in 
 command. 
 
96 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 On October 8th Gen. Thomas Williams was 
 ordered to Hatteras Inlet to fill the place left 
 vacant by General Mansfield, and to assume 
 command of all the Union troops in North 
 Carolina, and was especially directed when 
 establishing posts not to separate the forces at 
 too great a distance from each other. 
 
 General Williams was a regular army officer 
 from the artillery branch of the service, and 
 proved himself an able, and later, a gallant 
 soldier, as well as a painstaking and conscien 
 tious commander. Still there appeared to be 
 much of the inconsiderate martinet in his char 
 acter. He managed affairs on Hatteras in a 
 vigorous manner by issuing a series of orders 
 which completely changed previous conditions. 
 He moved the different detachments of the 
 " Ninth " hither and thither according to his 
 whims apparently, establishing and breaking up 
 camps, seemingly keeping everything and every 
 body in a constant turmoil. 
 
 He caused a battery to be erected on the 
 beach facing the ocean, which to the unpro 
 fessional eyes of officers and men seemed to be 
 of no advantage. One night during a heavy 
 storm a portion of the Atlantic Ocean came up 
 and took it away and it was never rebuilt. 
 
 Another fort on a larger and more preten 
 tious scale was started on the " bald beach " 
 
" WILLIAMS FOLLY." 97 
 
 nearest to the camp, and which extended from 
 ocean to sound, as has been described above. 
 This work was designed by regular engineers, 
 and every enlisted man in the command worked 
 upon it daily, except when on guard duty. 
 The fatigue details were at times so large as to 
 include nearly the entire force not on guard, 
 and for many consecutive days at a time there 
 were no drills. The men named this work 
 "Williams Folly." 
 
 Day after day the engineer officers planned, 
 the men brought sand in wheelbarrows, and 
 carried sod, but their best efforts could not 
 elevate the fort above the level of the beach. 
 As the work progressed the drifting sand was 
 carried forward like snow on a wintry blast, 
 swirling and lodging in and around it, con 
 stantly raising the surface of the ground and 
 keeping pace with the work as it grew in 
 height. Had it been built as high as the 
 Tower of Babel the sand would probably have 
 risen to the same height, and it would have 
 always remained a sloping hill, its base con 
 stantly enlarging and its grade becoming more 
 gradual. 
 
 General Williams was one who in no way 
 spared himself, either in hard work or un 
 pleasant duties; he was always on active duty. 
 Day or night he was a familiar figure. That 
 
98 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 his treatment of the " Ninth " was severe cannot 
 be denied. From the first he and the regiment 
 were antagonistic. The men entertained a 
 feeling of resentment against an officer, who, 
 although of superior rank, had superseded their 
 colonel in an important command. They did 
 not try to conceal their feelings, but were wise 
 enough to avoid committing any overt act, and 
 in a military sense were not insubordinate. 
 Still they were sullen and unsoldierly in their 
 manner toward the General and he, being 
 human, retaliated by proposing to " take it out 
 of them." This, combined with the hard man 
 ual labor the men were forced to perform in 
 the work which the General doubtless consid 
 ered necessary for the safety of the post, but 
 which a majority of the men looked upon as 
 rank tyranny, caused relations which diplo 
 mats would call " strained." 
 
 Some of the more reckless of the men con 
 structed pitfalls in the sand in the immediate 
 vicinity of the new fort for the purpose of 
 entrapping the General. They succeeded at 
 last, and when one morning he tumbled into 
 one of them, they exhibited great glee, although 
 somewhat suppressed, and considered them 
 selves well paid for the extra labor expended in 
 digging it. 
 
 Another matter which added to the discom- 
 
SIMULATING DEFENSE. 99 
 
 fort of the troops while General Williams was 
 in command was the simulating a defense 
 against surprise each morning two hours before 
 daylight. 
 
 His theory, which was doubtless correct, was 
 that if the enemy attempted a surprise he would 
 be likely to make the attempt just before day 
 break, consequently to properly guard against 
 it the troops should be in the defenses or in 
 line of battle previous to that hour. Inasmuch 
 as the camps were at one end of an island 
 which was situated forty miles from the main 
 land, and in some parts not over one-fourth of 
 a mile wide, with detachments of troops en 
 camped along the narrow island many miles 
 from the main camp, and with outlying pickets 
 as well, the chances of such an attempt being 
 made were deemed too remote to justify turn 
 ing the men out of their more or less warm 
 blankets between three and four o clock on cold 
 winter mornings to perform an hour or two of 
 hard drill in simulating a defense. All this 
 produced a feeling of dislike on one side and 
 distrust on the other. The following will serve 
 to illustrate. 
 
 There were stationed at one of the outlying 
 camps three companies of the " Ninth," among 
 them Company K. From the time of taking 
 the field no issue of fresh meat had been made 
 
1 OO NINTH REGIMENT, NE W YORK VOL UNTEERS. 
 
 to the regiment, and none had reached the men 
 with the exception of what little had been pro 
 cured in ways it is unnecessary to explain, but 
 which would have been frowned upon by the 
 good people at home. Consequently the men 
 were, as they expressed it, " meat hungry." A 
 certain member of one of Company K s squads 
 became possessed of the knowledge that one 
 of Caleb Stowe s hogs had escaped from its 
 pen and was wandering far from home midst 
 the brush and swamps, and was liable to come 
 to harm. An expedition w r as organized for its 
 capture. Tom Stapleton, " Blackie " Farley, 
 " Buffer" Johnson, and several others started 
 from camp to capture the prize. 
 
 It was necessary to move secretly and quietly, 
 for if anyone outside the squad to which these 
 energetic and resourceful young soldiers be 
 longed had learned that " fresh pork" was 
 wandering loose in the woods the entire com 
 mand would soon have known it also, and then 
 all chance of its capture would have been 
 destroyed. To shoot the porker was out of the 
 question, for at that time to discharge a cartridge, 
 except at the enemy, would have brought swift 
 and condign punishment upon the rash offender. 
 The game must be secured either by fleetness 
 of foot or by strategy. They first attempted to 
 run it down, without reckoning on the speed 
 
THE A TTEMPT A T ASSASSIN A TION. 1 1 
 
 and endurance of a razor-back" hog. How 
 ever, by judicious relays of pursuers they so 
 succeeded in tiring it that it sought cover in a 
 little thicket by the side of a sandy road, which 
 made a sharp turn here at the edge of the 
 woods. The men were creeping stealthily 
 forward to surround their prey, and were well 
 closed in on its hiding place, when General 
 Williams, who was on his way to the camp for 
 his accustomed visit, rode rapidly, and on ac 
 count of the soft sand in the road, noiselessly 
 out of the woods. The men were so eager and 
 intent on the business before them that not one 
 of them was aware of his presence. The rush 
 of the horse startled the hog, which at once 
 broke cover. One man, referring to the animal, 
 
 shouted: "There goes the ! Give it to 
 
 him!" To the General, it was plainly an 
 ambush with an attempt at assassination, and 
 driving the spurs into his horse, and lying low 
 on the animal s neck, he was off like a bird, and 
 galloping direct to camp ordered the "long 
 roll " to be at once beaten. The foragers com 
 prehended the situation in the twinkling of an 
 eye. Lack of acute perception and prompt de 
 cision could not be charged among their short 
 comings. Dashing across the swamp by a short 
 cut they secured their arms and were in their 
 places in line when the companies were 
 formed. 
 
102 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 The roll was called and all the men were 
 found to be present or accounted for. The 
 General was puzzled, and it is needless to add 
 that the culprits were never discovered. Had 
 they been, in all probability they would have 
 been severely dealt with, probably have been 
 shot, as the evidence would have been strongly 
 against them. The story was too rich to be 
 kept a secret and finally leaked out, but not until 
 after the regiment had been assigned to another 
 command. 
 
 General Williams was killed at the battle of 
 Baton Rouge, La., while gallantly leading an 
 Iowa regiment in a charge on the enemy. His 
 untimely death was regretted by both the offi 
 cers and men of Hawkins Zouaves, as notwith 
 standing his faults he proved himself a gallant 
 soldier. 
 
 As they became more experienced in army 
 life they learned that eccentricity was not an 
 uncommon characteristic of elderly army offi 
 cers, and that the General s harshness and 
 severity was due very largely to their own 
 unpleasant habit of not only thinking but of 
 sometimes expressing their thoughts in words, 
 while he was simply carrying out his own idea 
 of what was proper to be done and perform 
 ing his duty as he thought it should be per 
 formed. 
 
MAJ. KIMBALL WITH COS. B & K, ARRIVE. 1O3 
 
 Soon after the appointment of General Wil 
 liams to the command at Hatteras Inlet, Gen 
 eral Mansfield sent a report to General Wool, 
 of which the following is an extract : 
 
 "The command of Col. W. L. Brown being but seven companies say 
 500 strong and the enemy supposed to be at least 2,000 strong, Col. 
 Brown immediately, by orders received from Colonel Hawkins at that 
 moment, took up his line of march on the east beach for Hatteras light 
 house, where he was met by Colonel Hawkins with his command, and 
 finally the whole command fell back to this station Hatteras Inlet 
 with a loss on the part of Colonel Brown of three sergeants, two cor 
 porals, and twenty-four men stragglers. 
 
 " He sent back a party to burn and destroy his camp, which was 
 supposed to be partially done, and they fell into the hands of the 
 enemy." 
 
 On the yth of October, Companies B and K, 
 which had remained at Newport News under 
 command of Major Kimball, arrived at Hatteras. 
 All the companies were thus once more assem 
 bled at the same post or station, but they were 
 not reunited by any means. The whole regi 
 ment was not encamped together at any one 
 time during their occupation of Hatteras. 
 During all the time Colonel Hawkins was in 
 command of the post his headquarters continued 
 to be at Fort Hatteras, with at times one, two 
 or perhaps three companies of the regiment 
 encamped in the immediate vicinity, under com 
 mand of one of the senior captains, while the 
 remainder of the battalion present was located 
 at Camp Wool, about two miles above the fort, 
 with Lieutenant-Colonel Betts in command. 
 
1O4 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 The Lieutenant-Colonel was an officer of very 
 superior talents and attainments, an excellent 
 tactician and possessed of marked executive 
 ability. He also enjoyed the respect and con 
 fidence of every one in the regiment. He was 
 the happy possessor of a faculty which few 
 officers, either regular or volunteer, could claim 
 of being able to make a battalion drill interest 
 ing to those engaged in it. His clear and 
 concise explanations of the way to perform in 
 tricate evolutions were listened to with interest, 
 if not with pleasure. Another thing which is 
 remembered distinctly by the survivors of the 
 regiment, is the regularity and smoothness with 
 which everything pertaining to the daily routine 
 of camp life progressed when under his com 
 mand. It is remembered that there was an 
 almost total absence of jar or friction in camp 
 when he was the commanding officer. 
 
 There were officers in the regiment toward 
 whom more affection may have been felt by the 
 men but none of them were more highly es 
 teemed by them than Lieutenant-Colonel Betts. 
 
 When Major Kirnball arrived from Newport 
 News," with the two remaining companies, 
 another camp was established still farther up 
 the island, to the command of which he was 
 assigned. 
 
 After General Williams arrived at the post 
 
COMPANY K, BECOMES A BA TTER Y. 1 OS 
 
 camps were changed and commands readjusted 
 so frequently that it would be monotonous to 
 chronicle them in detail. 
 
 When Colonel Hawkins was placed in arrest 
 and sent to Fortress Monroe accompanied by 
 charges of insubordination the result of his re 
 fusal to assign Captain Bernard to a company 
 when ordered to do so by General Williams, 
 an account of which will be found in another 
 chapter the command of the regiment devolved 
 on Lieutenant-Colonel Betts. His headquar 
 ters were always at or near Camp Wool, but 
 the greater portion of the regiment was nearly 
 always distributed among the other outlying 
 camps, Winfield, Trent and others, and Major 
 Kimball was always in command of the largest 
 battalion, as befitted his rank. 
 
 When Colonel Hawkins rejoined the regi 
 ment, which was in December 22, after an ab 
 sence of about two months, he brought with 
 him two hundred rifles with which to arm the 
 flank companies the regiment \vas originally 
 armed with smooth bore muskets and three 
 light field howitzers. These were given to 
 Capt. James R. Whiting s Company K, which 
 was erected into a battery, three more guns 
 being added later, which made up the full com 
 plement for a field battery. 
 
 The men of Company K at once began the 
 
1O6 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 drill and practice of light battery tactics, soon 
 mastering all the intricacies and becoming quite 
 proficient in handling the guns. The company 
 afterward rendered excellent and efficient ser 
 vice both in field and garrison, especially during 
 the siege of Suffolk, Va., and were frequently 
 commended by the different generals in whose 
 command they served. 
 
 During the months of November, December, 
 and January, the various companies of the reg 
 iment were constantly changing camp, and 
 finally settled down in their original positions, 
 where they remained until the final departure 
 from Hatteras. 
 
 On the 1 3th of January, 1862, the steamer 
 11 S. R. Spaulding " arrived at Hatteras, followed 
 by many vessels of the Burnside expedition. 
 
 This expedition was organized for the cap 
 ture of Roanoke Island and other locations on 
 the North Carolina Sounds and adjacent rivers, 
 and was accompanied by a fleet of improvised 
 gunboats, under the command of Commodore 
 Goldsborough. The fleet of transports seemed 
 a strange one to send through Hatteras Inlet. 
 It was a gathering of nearly everything that 
 would float. There were full-rigged ships, 
 ocean steamers, New York bay tugboats, 
 Brooklyn and Staten Island ferryboats; the 
 sight of which caused the New York boys a 
 
THE BURNSIDE EXPEDITION. 1O7 
 
 pang of homesickness, as thoughts swiftly flew 
 to scenes at home. None knew of the presence 
 of the choking lump of emotion in the throat of 
 his comrade as they gazed at these familiar 
 boats, but each was secretly conscious of his 
 own longing for home and loved ones. 
 
 There were also canal boats from Buffalo, 
 and one stern-wheel steamer from away down 
 in Maine, and it may be safe to say that the 
 age of some of the craft would date nearly back 
 to the days of Noah s ark. 
 
 It was said that Pamlico and Albemarle 
 Sounds were navigable for vessels drawing 
 nine feet, but on the " Swash " or inner bar at 
 the Inlet, there was only six feet of water. 
 While navigators and engineers were engaged 
 in the elucidation of the problem of how to sail 
 a vessel drawing twenty feet across a bar over 
 which there were but six feet of water, the fleet 
 remained at anchor in the open ocean. An 
 easterly storm arose while it was thus ex 
 posed, and while some vessels stood out to 
 sea for safety, most of the fleet trusted to riding 
 it out at anchor. The storm proved to be very 
 severe and several vessels went ashore and 
 were lost. 
 
 As many vessels as could anchor in the Inlet 
 did so and found a comparatively secure har 
 bor, but outside the scene was frightful. Many 
 
108 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 vessels dragged anchor, some dashed into the 
 breakers, others foundered where they lay. Two 
 ocean steamers were in the south breakers at 
 the same time, pounding to pieces, in plain 
 view of the people on shore and those on the 
 vessels at anchor in the Inlet, but the weather 
 was so tempestuous, and the seas so high, 
 that at first little if any aid could be given the 
 unfortunates, and many lives were lost. At 
 last volunteer crews manned several lifeboats 
 and did heroic and efficient service, rescuing 
 many of the shipwrecked people. When the 
 weather had moderated sufficiently to do so 
 with safety, the entire force was disembarked 
 and went into camp to await the solving of the 
 aforesaid problem. 
 
 The drinking water on the island being very 
 bad, considerable sickness occurred after the 
 troops landed. There had been some cases of 
 typhoid fever among the soldiers of the "Ninth," 
 and a few deaths, but among the new men the 
 deaths occurred by the score. In addition to 
 typhoid, measles broke out in some of the new 
 regiments, and was attended with great fatality. 
 Funerals were of so frequent occurrence that it 
 was said by a jocular spirit that the mocking 
 birds had learned to whistle the " Dead March." 
 
 Notwithstanding the extremely bad water, 
 and the generally insanitary condition of the 
 
FAITHFUL SER VICE OF THE MEDICAL OFFICERS. 1 09 
 
 ground in the vicinity of the camps of the 
 Ninth, the sick list never became large, and the 
 total deaths from disease during the two years 
 term of service numbered only twenty. 
 
 At this juncture the Zouaves began to re 
 alize their good fortune in being blessed with 
 such medical officers as Doctors Humphreys 
 and White, who constantly and intelligently 
 attended strictly to the performance of duty. 
 The sick were attended to as faithfully as they 
 would have been at home. The men had the 
 utmost confidence in the skill and ability of the 
 surgeons, and in their faithful attention to duty 
 at all times ; and that trust was never mis 
 placed. 
 
 Nearly a month passed in lightening gun 
 boats and transports, and dragging them over 
 the bar into the deeper water of the Sound, and 
 this time was occupied by the newly arrived 
 troops in improving their drill and discipline. 
 
 The greater part of both officers and men of 
 the new regiments had never handled a musket 
 or performed a military evolution, To some 
 of them a drill was simply marching hither and 
 thither by the flank, like schoolboys upon the 
 village common. 
 
 One morning a company was drilling near 
 the camp of the " Ninth " and a swamp hole 
 was directly in their path, when the captain 
 
11O NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 gave the command, " Boys, haw (go to the left) 
 that mud puddle ! " They understood and 
 " hawed " it. 
 
 The officers of the new regiments fully re 
 alized their deficiency in the knowledge of drill 
 and military matters in general. They sought 
 to remedy this defect and soon obtained the 
 needed help. Men of the " Ninth " volunteered 
 to instruct such officers and non-commissioned 
 officers as wished to avail themselves of the 
 opportunity and whose regimental camps were 
 near enough to that of the Ninth to make it 
 practicable. Many of the Zouaves devoted 
 considerable time and attention, when off duty 
 between drills, in giving theoretical and prac 
 tical instructions to the new men in the manual 
 of arms, and school of the soldier, and com 
 pany. 
 
 A considerable proportion of the officers 
 tents became schools of instruction, and doubt 
 less much benefit was derived from this method 
 of teaching. It may be as well to remark in 
 this connection r that without an exception all of 
 these new regiments returned from the war 
 with most excellent records, many of the officers 
 distinguishing themselves in battle, some of 
 them obtaining high rank and occupying re 
 sponsible positions before the Rebellion ended. 
 
 After weeks of hard and unremitting labor 
 
RA TIONS FROM THE SEA. 1 1 1 
 
 the fleet was at last anchored safely in the 
 Sound, stores were reloaded, batteries replaced, 
 and all was ready for the forward movement 
 to Roanoke Island. 
 
 There was one circumstance which occurred 
 while the detachment under Lieutenant-Colonel 
 Betts was stationed at Chicomocomico which 
 may be worth mentioning. 
 
 While camped there rations ran very low and 
 at last came the cry of " no grub," which proved 
 to be the fact, as not a morsel of food was left 
 in the commissary department, and starvation 
 threatened, when in some way now forgotten, 
 the " Monticello," lying off the beach, was com 
 municated with, and the situation explained to 
 the commanding officer, Lieut. Daniel L. Braine, 
 who relieved the necessity of the soldiers by 
 throwing overboard barrels of ship s-bread (a 
 large, hard, round cracker) which slowly floated 
 ashore and was seized with avidity by the 
 hungry and expectant Zouaves ; the slight 
 addition of salt water in no way interfering 
 with its palatableness. 
 
 There were a large number of inhabitants 
 scattered along the beach of the island, each 
 family locating on a spot wherever a patch of 
 fertile soil occurred-- fertile when compared 
 with the drifting sand which composed the 
 greater part of the island. These patches were, 
 
1 12 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 in a way, cultivated; corn, sweet potatoes, and a 
 few other vegetables being raised. The entire 
 " plantation/ as it was designated, being about 
 the size of an ordinary kitchen garden on a 
 northern farm. 
 
 The men of the island were fishermen and 
 pilots ; the former their regular vocation, the 
 latter, when opportunity offered, to catch a ves 
 sel bound in through the Inlet. 
 
 At various elevated places along the beach 
 tall spars and masts of wrecked vessels had 
 been planted perpendicularly in the sand with 
 small pieces of wreckage nailed crosswise upon 
 them to form a primitive ladder. The top of 
 this ladder was used as a lookout station, from 
 which eager eyes scanned the horizon for inward 
 bound craft, the one first sighting such a vessel 
 having the best chance of first reaching her in 
 his boat, thus securing the privilege of piloting 
 her through the shoals and over the bar into 
 the deeper waters of the Sound. 
 
 When Hatteras was captured and occupied 
 this industry was destroyed, as all vessels 
 arriving after that date were captured by the 
 Federal gunboats. 
 
 The natives soon learned that the boys pos 
 sessed money and could be induced to part 
 with it in exchange for any commodity which 
 struck their fancy, more particularly in the line 
 
TRADE WITH THE INHABITANTS. 1 1 3 
 
 of eatables, which might prove a grateful change 
 from " sow-belly" and u salt horse." There 
 were no roads on the island except such as had 
 been made by tlie troops from camp to camp, 
 all transportation being by water. Each family 
 possessed several boats for sailing or rowing, 
 some fitted for sound, others for ocean work. 
 Trade was at first somewhat sluggish. A 
 soldier would hail a passing fisherman going 
 home with his " catch" and inquire if the fish 
 were for sale, and the man would gladly land 
 and probably dispose of the entire lot. 
 
 On passing camp the next time he would 
 naturally stop and offer his fish. In the mean 
 time his neighbors heard of the new market 
 near home, and they came also with sweet 
 potatoes, eggs, chickens, etc., and the women, 
 not to be outdone in the trading line, brought 
 specimens of home cooking, " fearfully and 
 wonderfully made," the master piece, being the 
 sweet potato pie, which looked like a sheet of 
 thick, wet brown paper spread on a sole-leather 
 crust. 
 
 Surgeon Humphreys, however, soon placed 
 a veto on the sale of this wonderful composi 
 tion, and the sentries received orders to pro 
 hibit its sale in any of the camps. There was 
 soon an animated market scene, each morning, 
 at the little landings of the different camps. 
 
114 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 So long as his money held out the soldier 
 paid fairly and honestly for goods purchased, 
 and doubtless whether he had cash or not it was 
 his intention to pay at some future time, but as 
 a certain place is said to be paved with good 
 intentions, it is certain that many a stone was 
 added to the said pavement during the stay at 
 Hatteras. The poorly executed "shinplaster" 
 rebel money which was tendered the soldiers in 
 change and of course refused gave some of 
 the men an idea. The pioneer in this enter 
 prise tried his luck by offering a label from a 
 sherry wine bottle in exchange for two fine roe- 
 shad, and was a trifle staggered when the 
 fisherman asked him what it was. He quickly 
 recovered his equanimity, however, and coolly 
 replied, "a dollar," and received, without the 
 quiver of an eyelid, seventy-five cents in 
 change. For sometime after this trade was 
 exceedingly brisk, any kind of label from bottle 
 or box passing current. 
 
 Of course good things cannot last forever. 
 Before long the natives realized the worthless- 
 ness of the stuff, and there is little doubt that 
 many of them had their confidence in the 
 integrity of the Zouaves sadly shocked thereby. 
 
 It is a difficult matter to attempt to defend 
 such transactions, still it can be truthfully 
 stated that passing wine and condensed milk 
 
WINE LABELS AS CURRENCY. 1 1 5 
 
 labels, as the currency of the realm, on poor and 
 illiterate people by the boys of the regiment, 
 was in a majority of cases done in a thoughtless 
 spirit of mischief, rather than with the deliberate 
 intent of defrauding the receiver. But with 
 some the motto was " necessity knows no law." 
 When the paymaster failed to put in an appear 
 ance, and the money of the regiment had been 
 exhausted, a ways and means committee was 
 appointed to devise methods for adding variety 
 to the bill of fare, but this was strictly sub 
 rosa. 
 
 The potato and other root crops of the natives 
 were stored in what were called potato-houses^ 
 which were shallow holes in the ground, over 
 which a log structure was built, in turn covered 
 by earth, with the object of preserving an even 
 temperature. An entrance to this depot could 
 readily be made by anyone so disposed, although 
 it was well known by all the Zouaves that swift 
 and severe punishment would follow the detec 
 tion of anyone found plundering the inhabitants. 
 Foraging was the polite term given it in camp. 
 Still, among such a number of men there were 
 plenty willing to assume any risk for a change 
 of diet. This was usually accomplished in the 
 daytime while u out on pass;" for going outside 
 the lines at night was a delicate and somewhat 
 dangerous undertaking, and not generally 
 
1 16 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 attempted unless arrangements had previously 
 been made with one of the guard who was 
 expected to cover a post more or less remote 
 from the guard-house on a certain " relief" 
 during the coming night. 
 
 In the daytime the coveted articles were pro 
 cured by one of a party of men inducing the 
 occupant of some house selected for the attempt 
 to accompany him to a point from which the 
 potato-house was out of view, and there haggle 
 over the price of a chicken or some other mer 
 chandise long enough to permit his partner to 
 slide off with potatoes sufficient for the present 
 requirement of the mess, when the pretended 
 purchaser would suddenly break off negotiations, 
 and probably on the pretense that the seller was 
 attempting to impose extraordinary prices on 
 poor soldiers. 
 
 Sometimes these despoilers came to grief, 
 their uniform being so distinctive that their 
 depredations were soon discovered, when they 
 were traced to camp and a complaint lodged 
 with Major Kimball, or whoever happened to be 
 in command. 
 
 Whether it was Major Kimball s condition of 
 mind on different occasions, or his endeavor to 
 pass sentence on the culprits suitable to the 
 crime, certain it was, justice often saw great 
 variations in his judgments and his punishments 
 
PRO VI NG THE Y DIDW T DO IT. 117 
 
 were quite irregular. One morning a com 
 plainant was seen to be in close consultation 
 with the Major. The man was recognized by 
 several of the Zouaves, and in consequence 
 there was considerable uneasiness among them. 
 
 Dress parade was about to be held and the 
 complainant took position beside the command 
 ing officer. After the adjutant reported " parade 
 formed," Major Kimball addressed the men 
 about as follows : 
 
 " Men, this man makes complaint that his 
 potato-house was broken into and robbed 
 last night, and says he saw the men who did it, 
 and that they wore the uniform of this regiment 
 I told him I did not believe any of my men 
 would be guilty of such a trick, and to satisfy 
 him would ask you in his presence, and he 
 could hear for himself. Now I ask, did any 
 one in this battalion rob the potato-house?" 
 Long before the Major had finished his speech 
 the men had taken the cue and were ready with 
 the expected answer, which was a unanimous. 
 " No !" roared in unison by every man in the 
 line. The Major dismissed the native with 
 a wave of his hand, saying: "There! I told you 
 they didn t do it." 
 
 These complaints, however, were not always 
 dismissed in this complaisant manner. Some 
 times when a native appeared in camp with a 
 story of loss of property in which the men 
 
1 18 NIN IH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 figured as the culprits, he would be directed to 
 remain in camp until the battalion or regiment, 
 if camped in a body, " fell in" for drill or parade, 
 when the ranks would be opened and the 
 accuser conducted up and down both ranks from 
 flank to flank on a tour of inspection, with in 
 structions to point out the guilty persons if 
 possible. In several instances when men were 
 so identified, in addition to the punishment in 
 flicted, a fine was imposed which was far in 
 excess of the value of the missing property. 
 
 On one of these occasions when a countryman 
 was passing along the line carefully scrutinizing 
 every countenance in the ranks, trusting to 
 recognize the hapless individuals ;vvho had de 
 spoiled him of his property, he passed in front 
 of Company K. Tom Farley, who feared that 
 he might possibly bear a resemblance to the 
 guilty party sought for, assumed a frightful 
 squint, suddenly developing one of the worst 
 cases of strabismus ever known in the service, 
 and as the man examined him closely, Farley, 
 throwing as much savageness in his voice as 
 possible, growled ferociously, " Who in the h 1 
 are you looking at?" 
 
 The voice and squint were not recognized as 
 having been with the party of evildoers, and 
 the native hastily passed on, leaving the boys 
 inwardly convulsed at the success of the stra 
 tagem. 
 
CHAPTER VI. 
 
 UNDERWAY FOR ROANOKE ISLAND ARRIVAL - 
 ENGAGEMENT WITH THE FORTS LANDING 
 OF THE TROOPS -- BIVOUAC IN THE MUD 
 FOR THE NIGHT STEALING BED FROM BE 
 NEATH THE COLONEL ARMY MOVES ON 
 THE ENEMY MAJOR KIMBALL S FEAR THAT 
 THE MEN MIGHT WEAKEN - - ARRIVAL IN 
 FRONT OF BATTERY - - ORDER TO CHARGE 
 
 THE WORKS COLONEL DEMONTEIL KILLED 
 
 - FIRST BAYONET CHARGE OF THE WAR 
 
 WHAT CURIE SAW - - REFLECTIONS 
 
 EXTRACTS FROM REPORTS OF GENERALS IN 
 COMMAND CAPTURE OF CAPTAIN WISE - 
 MORE RAIN - - DESCRIPTION OF PRISONERS. 
 
 ABOUT 8 o clock A.M., February 5th, all the 
 troops which were to form the expedition 
 being on board the transports, the entire fleet 
 got underway for Roanoke Island. At 6 P.M. it 
 anchored until the next day, each brigade an 
 choring near its own flagship, so that in the 
 event of receiving hurried orders each vessel 
 could be communicated with readily. At eight 
 o clock the following morning anchors were 
 weighed and the voyage resumed, but at noon 
 
1 20 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 a heavy fog settled down, which caused another 
 halt and another day s delay. 
 
 An early start was made on the yth, and soon 
 Roanoke Island came into view. The Union 
 gunboats formed in single column, steamed 
 ahead and opened fire on the various points 
 where the enemy had exposed their positions 
 by engaging the advancing warships. It was 
 thus discovered that the rebel defenses con 
 sisted of three batteries near the shore. One of 
 these it was afterward learned, consisted of 
 eleven, one of nine, and the last of four guns. 
 Across the channel in Croatan Sound a row of 
 piles had been driven as an obstruction to the 
 gunboats, and beyond them four armed rebel 
 vessels were stationed. The commander of the 
 gunboats employed tactics similar to those in 
 troduced by Stringham at the bombardment 
 of Hatteras. He arranged his vessels in such 
 a way, each following its leader in single file, 
 that after once passing the forts they formed 
 an ellipsis, engaging the enemy from the inner 
 edge, continuing until out of range along the 
 off shore side, and again resuming their fire 
 when within range of the first or southerly 
 battery, where the ships again sent in their 
 broadsides. This movement continued almost 
 continuously for the entire day. 
 
 The transports were held at a safe dis- 
 
ENGAGEMENT WITH THE FORTS. 121 
 
 tance, their decks, rigging and crosstrees being 
 crowded with troops eagerly watching the 
 action. The majority of the spectators wit 
 nessed a bombardment for the first time. Al 
 most every detail of the action was in unob 
 structed view. Every time a flag on the Con 
 federate works was shot away the troops, sup 
 posing it betokened surrender, would send forth 
 such deafening cheers as to nearly drown the 
 roar of the cannon. The several flags on the 
 different forts were carried away a number of 
 times during the day, but were always replaced 
 within a short time. 
 
 The schooner yacht " Henrietta," formerly 
 the property of James Gorden Bennett, and 
 which he had presented to the Government at 
 the outbreak of hostilities, was a commissioned 
 United States war vessel serving with the 
 fleet. She was in the fiercest of the fight 
 during the entire day. She was armed with a 
 loo-pounder Parrott gun, mounted amidships, 
 and rendered as efficient service as any vessel 
 in the fleet. 
 
 The blazing buildings within the forts, and 
 the flying earth and wreckage from exploding 
 shells marking the accurate aim of the gunners 
 on the ships, could be plainly seen from the 
 transports with the naked eye. Late in the 
 afternoon preparations were completed to land 
 
122 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 the troops, and about 5 o clock, P.M., they began 
 the movement. They were transferred to small 
 boats, and long strings of these, one behind the 
 other, like great strings of beads, were towed 
 by small steamers to within a short distance of 
 Ashby s Landing, where, after a comparatively 
 short row, a lodgment was effected with very 
 little trouble. For some reason or other very 
 slight opposition was met with here. The troops 
 took position about one mile inland, forcing in 
 the enemy s pickets and establishing their own 
 in their stead, and then went into bivouac for 
 the night. At about eight o clock in the even 
 ing the Ninth got the order to follow the others 
 ashore, and dropping into the boats they were 
 soon towed to the landing by the small steamers. 
 Few civilians realize how the tramp of the 
 many feet of an army will grind the damp earth 
 over which they pass into a mass the consist 
 ency of mortar. The Ninth being among the 
 last regiments to reach the shore, found the 
 ground over which the other troops had passed 
 much cut up and actually knee deep with mud. 
 The short distance they marched from landing 
 to bivouac was literally waded. The troops 
 were then quite closely massed in a cornfield. 
 Rain began falling just after dark and continued 
 heavily all night The campground was soon 
 covered with pools of muddy water. Lying 
 
BIVOUAC A T ASHB Y S LANDING. 1 23 
 
 down in the water and attempting to sleep was 
 out of the question, and as the men had not yet 
 learned to sleep in a standing position, there 
 was no sleep. Fires were built and the boys 
 gathered around them shivering and melan 
 choly. 
 
 The single house at the landing had been 
 taken possession of and was occupied as quar 
 ters by the generals and their staffs, with as 
 many other officers of rank as chose to leave 
 their regiments or could be accommodated in 
 it. One of the latter afterward wrote home of 
 this experience as follows : 
 
 " The. generals had gone up garret (there were no rooms up there 
 and had lain down on the floor to sleep. After an hour or so the crowd 
 of officers in the room below began to make arrangements to pass the 
 night as comfortably as possible. There were, of course, no chairs or 
 other accommodations for sitting or reclining, and the hard floor was 
 the portion of those who sought shelter from the rain. I found an old 
 friend in the room who had possession of a bench about two feet long, 
 which he invited me to share with him, so we sat astride of it facing 
 each other, his head resting on my right shoulder, his shoulder support 
 ing mine in the same way, and in this position we fell asleep." 
 
 The house at Ashby s Landing gave cold 
 comfort to its occupants on that bleak February 
 night ; yet to the officers and men who clustered 
 about the camp fires without shelter of any kind, 
 the sleeping accommodations of those two 
 officers on the bench were comparatively lux 
 urious. The night was filled with misery even 
 from a soldier s standpoint. Toward morning 
 fuel became scarce, and as all fences in the 
 
124 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 immediate vicinity had been appropriated and 
 consumed, the boys took turns in hunting for 
 and bringing in anything they could lay their 
 hands on with which to replenish the fires. 
 Many a provident soldier who had the previous 
 evening secured a few rails and arranged them 
 to form a bed which would keep his body above 
 the water-soaked ground, was cruelly robbed 
 of them, sometimes by sneak thieves, but oftener 
 by the use of moral suasion backed by a power 
 ful right arm. 
 
 Some of the men had provided Colonel Haw 
 kins with a resting place of this kind. It con 
 sisted of three split rails laid side by side. One 
 end, which may be called the head, was elevated 
 by resting it on a pile of earth dug from a ditch 
 bordering the field. Colonel Hawkins lay on 
 these rails asleep, covered head and all with his 
 red blanket. 
 
 Where his thoughts on the pinions of fancy shall roam 
 And in slumber revisit his love and his home. 
 
 Sleep! How often, ah! how often have ye 
 brought sweet and happy dreams on the eve of 
 battle! How often calmed the anxieties for the 
 fortunes of to-morrow. 
 
 As morning approached and the unfortunates, 
 who had stood about the fires all night, saw the 
 dying embers deepen from red to black, they 
 began to prowl about in a more desperate search 
 
STEALING THE COLONEL S BED. 125 
 
 for fuel. Many wistful glances were cast at the 
 rails upon which the red covered figure of the 
 Colonel reposed. Until now the information 
 "It is the Colonel," would send the raiders off 
 in another direction, but at last two bold spirits 
 more reckless than their comrades, approached 
 the sleeper, walked stealthily around him, en 
 acted a short pantomine, and then whisk! 
 splash ! the Colonel lay in the water while two 
 soldiers and a rail disappeared in the darkness. 
 In an instant the Colonel was in a sitting posi 
 tion, had thrown the blanket from his head, and 
 quickly realizing what had occurred, remarked : 
 "That was pretty well done!" Then quietly ar 
 ranging his two remaining rails, again sought 
 slumber. This closed the incident, and the two 
 robbers congratulated themselves on their dex 
 terity as they toasted their shins beside their 
 replenished fire. 
 
 A false alarm was raised just before day 
 break. Every man of the Ninth sprang to his 
 musket with an alacrity born of long drills and 
 the habit of the thorough soldier. When the 
 uncertainty was over, there was relaxation 
 until dawn, when the troops were formed in 
 line and moved to the front. 
 
 General Parke s brigade, to which the Ninth 
 was attached, was held in reserve on the left of 
 the line, and the Ninth was the last regiment to 
 
126 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 leave its bivouac, as also the last to be brought 
 into action. There was but one road on this 
 part of the island, and this ran from Ashby s 
 Landing in a northeasterly direction to a point 
 more than half way across to the other shore, 
 where it turned abruptly to the northwest and 
 led across a swamp about an eighth of a mile 
 wide. A structure known as a " corduroy road " 
 bridged the swamp and at its farther edge on 
 the solid ground, about an eighth of a mile 
 from the turn of the road, was a Confederate 
 fort or earthwork at the foot of which was a 
 moat. The water in the moat was on a level 
 with that in the swamp. The earthwork ex 
 tended completely across the road and some 
 distance on either side, its flanks being pro 
 tected by the swamp. It had but one face, 
 being simply an earthwork, not a fort, and 
 mounted three guns. The trees had been care 
 fully felled in the front of the work from the 
 ditch to the bend in the road, their trunks 
 toward the fort, their sharpened branches 
 toward an advancing foe. This abatis was the 
 full width of the earthwork at the ditch but 
 became gradually wider toward the turn in the 
 road, and through its center ran the corduroy 
 causeway. On each side of the abatis was a 
 veritable jungle of trees, thickets, and twisted 
 vines and other undergrowth, while the swamp 
 
GOING INTO ACTION. 127 
 
 itself was a mass of mud and slime, sometimes 
 knee deep, sometimes waist deep, with here and 
 there a hump of tangled grass or the roots of a 
 thicket projecting, the whole bottom covered 
 with several inches of water. 
 
 Official reports show that General Foster 
 commenced the attack about 8 o clock, A. M., 
 with six Dahlgren boat howitzers. These were 
 supported by the 2ist Massachusetts, Colonel 
 Upton, which in turn was supported by the 23rd 
 Massachusetts. When the remainder of the 
 brigade reached the field the 23rd and 2yth 
 Massachusetts with the loth Connecticut were 
 ordered into the swamp on the right to strike 
 the enemy s left flank. On General Reno s 
 arrival he sent word to Foster that his brigade 
 would penetrate the dense woods on the left 
 and endeavor to turn the right flank of the 
 enemy. This was a most difficult task, owing 
 to the natural obstacles to be overcome, in 
 addition to the resistance offered by the enemy. 
 The action had been progressing some time 
 before Parke s brigade was ordered from its 
 bivouac. Before reaching the bend the road 
 was narrow and bordered by dense thickets 
 and swamps. It was badly cut up and trampled 
 by the march of the preceding troops, and that, 
 and the heavy rain of the preceding night had 
 made it little better than a wide ditch of mud 
 
128 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 and water. Still it was the only means of 
 passage through the thickets, and the soldiers 
 laboriously slipped and struggled on, always 
 hoping for a better road beyond. 
 
 Only men who have never been in action 
 before can thoroughly realize the carnage and 
 horrors of a battlefield. While the gth Regiment 
 had been in the field about eight months, and 
 during that time had seen some active service, 
 still many of the men never saw a wounded 
 man, and they were very naturally horror- 
 stricken when they now saw scores of their 
 comrades carried off the field, many of them in 
 the agonies of death. It is far different with 
 the veteran of many battles, to whom such 
 scenes have become familiar. In the heat and 
 roar of the sanguinary conflict he retains all his 
 coolness, looking upon the terrible scenes 
 around him as a matter of course. He is like 
 the " Old Continental," who, when preparing to 
 charge the enemy, would hum the tune: 
 
 " Why soldiers, why, should we be melancholy, boys ? 
 Whose business is to die let us be jolly, boys ! " 
 
 But the veterans are apt to forget their own 
 first battle and to become impatient at the evi 
 dence of fear which so naturally appears among 
 inexperienced troops, many of the most ner 
 vous of whom, however, become in a short time 
 the very best and bravest of soldiers. 
 
DISPIRITING SIGHTS AND SOUNDS. 1 29 
 
 This was well exemplified in the experience 
 of the men in this regiment. While they were 
 moving along the narrow road toward the 
 point where the battle was being fought 
 which was the only inlet to the scene of action, 
 as it was the only outlet for the wounded - 
 momentarily expecting to be engaged in the 
 conflict, they met great numbers of wounded 
 men, some being carried on stretchers, some 
 assisting each other as best they could, while 
 others moved along unaided. 
 
 This melancholy column which seemed to 
 have no end, contained men with wounds of 
 every character and degree of severity. As the 
 maimed and injured were so very close at hand 
 the nature of their wounds were plainly visible 
 to all. Some poor fellows lay still and death 
 like on the stretcher. Some with naked breasts 
 showed how hurried had been the surgeon s 
 search to establish the location of a bullet- 
 wound or to staunch a hemorrhage. On many 
 were hastily noted the little round blue hole, 
 with its darker center, the cause of which every 
 soldier, as well as surgeon, knew so well. 
 
 This was certainly a ghastly spectacle and of 
 anything but an inspiring character to be wit 
 nessed by the men. It was a sight intensely 
 trying, and a graphic object lesson, showing viv 
 idly what they themselves might expect to im- 
 
13O NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 mediately encounter. Added to this was the 
 ratling volleys of musketry, occasionally rising 
 into a steady roar, punctuated by the crashing 
 explosions of the big guns of the enemy and 
 the spiteful barking of the boat howitzers op 
 posed to them. Now and again the deep- 
 chested cheer of the northern soldiers or the 
 shrill rebel yell would be heard as one or the 
 other of the combatants gained a real or im 
 aginary advantage. No wonder some were 
 unnerved and turned pale at the saddening 
 sights and the nerve-shaking sounds, and it is 
 only fair and honorable to acknowledge that 
 many a face was blanched, and many a good 
 and true man in the ranks would have been 
 glad indeed to have honorably avoided the 
 coming battle. 
 
 Major Kimball, whose position in line brought 
 him in more direct contact with the men than 
 any of the other officers, was quick to perceive 
 the effect produced on these boys whom he 
 had hoped to see go into the engagement with 
 a sort of triumphant hurrah. He did his best 
 to counteract the effect which the sights just 
 detailed produced. He tried to raise the spirits 
 of the men by pretending to belittle the spec 
 tacle, saying it was merely a necessary incident 
 of the battle ; that it did not amount to any 
 thing any way ; that there were not many 
 
MAJOR KI MB ALL S EXHOR TA TION. 1 3 1 
 
 wounded as compared with what he had ex 
 pected to see, judging from the amount of firing 
 and noise at the front ; told them how his old 
 regiment had fought in the Mexican War, and 
 related acts of gallantry and heroism performed 
 by its members, which he exhorted them to 
 emulate, and reminded them that they were 
 about being called upon to uphold the honor of 
 their country and their regiment, and to remem 
 ber that they were American soldiers and to 
 behave accordingly. 
 
 This lesson had, without doubt, a good effect 
 on the boys that heard it. The gallant conduct 
 of the regiment that day as a whole, showed 
 that the depressing effect of the sights and 
 sounds, on the fringe of the battle, had only a 
 temporary effect. Their conduct in the fight 
 earned for them the unstinted commendation 
 of their commanding officers, while the soldiers 
 of the other regiments expressed their apprecia 
 tion of the conduct of the Zouaves by receiving 
 them with cheers whenever one appeared among 
 them, showering words of commendation and 
 congratulation upon them without stint. 
 
 When the regiment arrived at the bend in 
 the road where the clearing in front of the rebel 
 battery began, there were no bodies of troops 
 visible other than of their own brigade on the 
 road, and what seemed like a regiment some 
 
132 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 distance towards their right, lying down, al 
 though between, and among the trees on the 
 left, men could be seen both singly and in 
 squads, and heavy musketry firing could be 
 heard in the woods on both left and right of 
 the road. There was now nothing to obstruct 
 the view between the Ninth and the rebel fort 
 which was in plain sight. 
 
 The six Dahlgrens were " in battery " at the 
 bend in the road, but were not at the time in 
 action. They had apparently been silenced. 
 The bodies of several dead sailors lay around 
 them, but no living sailor was in sight save one, 
 an officer, who, with folded arms, was leaning 
 on a howitzer, gazing at the fort. 
 
 General Foster with several aids stood in 
 open ground, apparently directing the move 
 ment of the troops, being concealed from the 
 enemy s view by a small thicket. 
 
 As Reno s advance had left the road clear, 
 Parke s brigade was ordered by Foster to move 
 directly forward in support of the 23d and 2yth 
 Massachusetts, which were then engaged in 
 turning the enemy s left. 
 
 The 4th Rhode Island was in advance, on 
 the right of the brigade. To reach the Massa 
 chusetts troops it was necessary to leave the 
 road at the turn, which was in the open ground, 
 cross the rest of the cleared strip of swamp in 
 
THE ORDER TO CHARGE. 133 
 
 front of the fort, and move into the thick woods 
 beyond. The leading company of the Ninth 
 and part of the second one had left the road 
 and were working their way through the vines 
 and thickets of the swamp when some one 
 halted the regiment. The center and part of the 
 right wing was in the open ground in front of 
 the fort, and could distinctly see the movement 
 of the men at the guns. 
 
 When the halt was made word was passed 
 forward for Colonel Hawkins, who was at the 
 head of the regiment, to come back, but before 
 he had time to do so, Kimball ran to where 
 Foster stood to take any order he had to give. 
 Whatever conversation occurred was quickly 
 over, and Kimball, jerking off his overcoat, threw 
 it from him, and drawing his sword, flourished 
 it around his head and shouted with the full 
 force of his lungs: " Now, boys, follow your old 
 Major -Charge!" When this order was given 
 there was a grand simultaneous rush toward the 
 enemy, and the men who had the best ground 
 to travel on were farthest to the front. There 
 was no possibility of preserving company for 
 mation in this mad plunge and struggle, through 
 swamps and abatis, over stumps and logs. 
 
 To enable the reader to clearly understand 
 the situation of affairs on the battleground at 
 the moment the Ninth New York was halted, 
 
134 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 and the word passed to the front for Colonel 
 Hawkins, as above stated, reference is made to 
 the official map of the battle, issued by authority 
 of the War Department, in which the location 
 of each of the regiments engaged is given, with 
 distances from point to point, nature of the 
 ground, and all other data necessary to give a 
 clear conception of the plan of battle and the 
 disposition of the Union forces. 
 
 The map shows the road over which the 
 troops advanced as running in a general north 
 east direction to the edge of the swamp, where 
 it made a sharp turn - - nearly a right angle - 
 towards the northwest and continuing in that 
 direction to the ditch in front of the battery, a 
 distance of about one thousand feet from the 
 bend of the road. The battery had a front of 
 about one hundred and fifty feet, was crescent 
 shaped and mounted three guns. The troops 
 in position on the right of the road, operating 
 against the enemy s left, were in the order named 
 from right to left: the 23d Massachusetts, the 2jih 
 Massachusetts, the 5ist Pennsylvania, the loth 
 Connecticut, and in the rear of that regiment 
 the 25th Massachusetts, which had exhaust 
 ed its amunition and had been relieved by 
 the loth Connecticut. Some distance in front 
 of the loth Connecticut, very near the bend 
 in the road, was the battery of boat howitzers. 
 
DISPOSITION OF THE TROOPS. 135 
 
 On the left of the causeway, operating against 
 the enemy s right, and in the order named 
 from left to right were Companies A, G, D 
 and I of the 5ist New York, then the 2ist 
 Massachusetts, and behind it the remaining 
 companies of the 5ist New York, while on 
 the right of the 2ist Massachusetts was the 
 9th New Jersey. The general form of the line 
 approached that of the letter V, with the point 
 formed by the 25th Massachusetts and loth 
 Connecticut somewhat flattened. The road en 
 tered the V and turned toward the battery 
 between the loth Connecticut and Qth New 
 Jersey. There were detachments of rebel in 
 fantry on each flank of the battery. The arms 
 of the V were each about twelve hundred feet 
 long and they extended so far toward the front 
 that the head of each reached a point nearly, if 
 not fully, on a line with the battery and distant 
 from its flanks about three hundred and three 
 hundred and fifty feet respectively. 
 
 The Ninth had marched into the lower end 
 of the V, which brought the 25th Massachusetts 
 and loth Connecticut on their right hand, 
 and the enemy s battery on their left. The 
 regiment had continued straight ahead when 
 the bend in the road was reached, and conse 
 quently the head of the column, or right of the 
 regiment, had left it at that point and plunged 
 
136 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 into the swamp, following its leading regiment, 
 the 4th Rhode Island, in obedience to the orders 
 to get on the left flank of the battery. The 
 company on the right and a few files at 
 the head of the one following it, was the only 
 portion of the command that had abandoned 
 the road when the halt was ordered and word 
 passed to the front that Colonel Hawkins was 
 wanted by some one in authority ; presumably 
 General Foster. 
 
 The left wing of the regiment had not yet 
 emerged from the woods into the open space in 
 front of the work where the timber had been 
 felled, and which was only little more in width 
 than the face of the battery itself, say, two hun 
 dred feet, therefore, only a few of the companies 
 were then visible to the rebels or exposed to 
 their fire. 
 
 All the other regiments, as above named, ex 
 cept the 25th Massachusetts, which had been 
 withdrawn, and part of the loth Connecticut, 
 which was on dry ground, were struggling as 
 best they could through the mire and amidst 
 the dense vegetation of a North Carolina 
 swamp, with the water, mud and ooze in no 
 place less than knee deep, and in many places 
 fully waist deep, with the view, beyond the dis 
 tance of a few feet, shut off entirely, and all 
 progress rendered almost impossible by nearly 
 
DIFFICUL TIES ENCOUNTERED. 1 37 
 
 impenetrable thickets of laurel, briers and cling 
 ing vines and the many other luxuriant growths 
 of an almost semi-tropical jungle. It must 
 be borne in mind that in the limited space into 
 which the attacking force was crowded several 
 thousand men being obliged to operate and 
 manoeuver in an area in which two, or, at the 
 most, three regiments would have been amply 
 sufficient to cover properly the different com 
 mands must of necessity have overlapped each 
 other greatly. The regiments, with the ex 
 ception of the Ninth New York, were all en 
 tirely new ones. They had only a short time 
 before arrived from Annapolis, where they had 
 been gathered together to form the Burnside 
 Expedition ; had never before seen any active 
 service, in fact most of them had but a very 
 limited knowledge of drill, and they were now, 
 if we except the short sojourn on Hatteras, 
 getting their first experience on the soil of 
 the Southern Confederacy. These men were 
 crowded into the swamp, regiment after regi 
 ment, until the various organizations were 
 merged in a crowd or mob. From the nature of 
 the surroundings, being unable to see what was 
 going on about them, being deprived of the ex 
 ample and of the controlling influence of their 
 officers, by reason of being generally hidden 
 from their view by the thick foliage of the 
 
138 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 swamp, the men were obliged to act individ 
 ually, and as is to be expected under such cir 
 cumstances, it was only the best men among 
 them, those strongly imbued with the spirit of 
 duty and patriotism and there were many 
 such --who succeeded in struggling forward to 
 a position from which they could occasionally 
 get a glimpse of the enemy through the inter 
 vening trees and underbrush, and actually join 
 in the battle. 
 
 When the Ninth received the order to charge, 
 the companies which were in the open ground 
 immediately changed direction by the left flank 
 and rushed directly toward the battery, through 
 the abatis and along the corduroy road, the 
 other companies pouring in behind them. The 
 right flank company, which was already among 
 the tangled thickets of the swamp, retracing the 
 few steps necessary to regain the road, and 
 joining in the movement. In an instant the 
 whole width of the cleared space in front of 
 the battery was filled with a mass of rushing 
 Zouaves, and the air resounded with their 
 shouts. The enemy at once opened fire with 
 his artillery, which had been silent for a few 
 minutes, and seemed to redouble that of his 
 musketry. From the manner in which the 
 regiment doubled on itself if the use of the 
 term may be permitted when the first rush 
 
COLONEL DE MONTEIL KILLED. 139 
 
 was made, the right center becoming the front, 
 and the men toward the right of that front 
 having the advantage of the firm footing of the 
 road and being able to maintain their advanced 
 position throughout, the colors of the regiment 
 had no opportunity to, and did not succeed in 
 getting to the front at any time during the 
 charge, and, therefore, were not with those men 
 who first gained the parapet of the fort. 
 
 When the Zouaves had covered about one- 
 half the distance to the works the enemy 
 succeeded in checking their advance for a 
 moment. There was a temporary halt, Kimball 
 had disappeared for an instant, stumbled into a 
 bog-hole it was said, and some of the men 
 began firing. The enemy s musketry fire was 
 sharp and effective. The artillery fire was wild 
 and high however, and the only effect it pro 
 duced was to shower down leaves and branches 
 from the trees on the heads of the men beneath. 
 A few men fell here not many, but as they fell 
 and lay they looked to the others like a great 
 many. Lieut-Colonel DeMonteil was killed 
 here. He was Lieutenant-Colonel of the 
 D Epaneuil Zouaves, and had marched into the 
 engagement with Colonel Hawkins at the head 
 of the Ninth, as a volunteer carrying a carbine. 
 At the moment of the check in the advance he 
 had leaped on the trunk of a fallen tree and 
 
14O NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 striding back and forth, shouted : " Do not dis 
 charge ze cartridge, my children! Forward wiz 
 ze bayonet! Forward wiz ze bayonet! Charge, 
 mes en/ants ! " and other exhortations of a like 
 character, when he suddenly plunged forward 
 into the water beneath him, killed as quickly as 
 though struck by lightning. 
 
 His reckless courage was most marked and 
 attracted the attention and excited the admira 
 tion of all who saw him. No man ever died 
 more bravely. 
 
 The reports in relation to his identity and 
 antecedents, which at the time and subsequently, 
 gained currency among the soldiers of the 
 Ninth, and which, although not confirmed from 
 any responsible source, there is no reason to 
 doubt, were to the effect that he was a major in 
 the Marine Service of France and had procured 
 leave of absence, or permission from his govern 
 ment, to come to the United States for the 
 purpose of entering the military service and 
 taking part in the war. His body was sent 
 north by Colonel Hawkins, consigned to the 
 care of some of his Colonel H s-- friends 
 in New York, who honored it with a soldier s 
 burial in Greenwood Cemetery, and raised a 
 fitting monument over the grave. 
 
 Among the men who were hit here about the 
 time Lieut-Colonel DeMonteil was killed, were 
 
A TEMPORARY CHECK. 141 
 
 Snow and Donovan, of Company A, the latter 
 very seriously; Lieut. Geo. W. Debevoise of 
 the same company, who was disabled for duty 
 for several months; Scannel, of Company K, 
 mortally, and others whose names cannot now 
 be recalled. Captain Jardine, of Company G, 
 and Captain Graham of Company A, were both 
 in the front rank, and each seized muskets from 
 the men crouched near them and fired into the 
 middle embrasure of the fort, where the enemy 
 could be seen at work at their guns. Each of 
 the officers named fired two or three shots. 
 
 As said before, the check was only momentary. 
 Some one shouted: "What s the matter here? 
 Forward!" and the cry of " Forward the Ninth! 
 
 Forward, Company !" was raised by the 
 
 officers at the front. The men responded 
 instantly and dashed forward, that is some of 
 them did, those on the road. The others 
 struggled and wallowed in the same direction. 
 Struggled through the abatis and wallowed 
 through the deep swamp mud. Soon after 
 this second rush had fairly begun the fire from 
 the fort began to slacken, and by the time the 
 advance had reached the moat it had ceased 
 altogether. The men swarmed over the para 
 pet and through the embrasures and the battle 
 of Roanoke Island was won. 
 
 From the instant the order to charge was 
 
142 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 given, in fact, from the time the regiment first 
 arrived on the ground, until the men began 
 to pour over the works, not more than five 
 minutes had elapsed. 
 
 A small flag of the enemy s, apparently a 
 presentation flag, as it had a deep bullion fringe 
 and was handsomely mounted, was flying inside 
 the works and some of those who first sprang 
 into the fort made a rush to secure it. Private 
 Caster, of Company C, was the successful one 
 and after a struggle tore it from the staff and 
 concealed it inside his blouse. The staff was 
 broken in the melee and the metal plate, bearing 
 a presentation inscription, was secured by an 
 other of the boys, who cannot now be iden 
 tified. Caster retained possession of this flag 
 until his death, when it became the property 
 of John Hassall, Caster s friend and intimate 
 associate before and after the war, and his tent- 
 mate and bunkie during the service. He still 
 has the flag in his possession. 
 
 The advance of the regiment had barely 
 reached the inside of the works, in fact the main 
 body of the regiment was still pouring in over 
 the parapet, when scattered bodies of troops 
 emerged from the swamp and woods on the 
 right, followed directly by their main body, and 
 entered the works from that direction. Almost 
 at the same instant the soldiers who had been 
 
HOW THE TROOPS CAME IN. 148 
 
 operating on the right appeared around the left 
 of the work, and in a moment what might be 
 called a river of men swarmed in from both 
 directions. 
 
 These troops which had been working their 
 way forward against either flank of the enemy 
 were well advanced to positions very near the 
 fort when General Foster ordered the Ninth to 
 charge, and they had seized the proper moment 
 to make the final rush; therefore, they arrived 
 in the battery almost at the same moment and 
 nearly simultaneous with the Ninth, although 
 they came around the flanks of the works not 
 over the ditch and parapet. As a matter of 
 fact the troops which came toward the right 
 of the battery had their colors at their front 
 when they emerged from the swamp, and 
 planted them on the parapet before the color- 
 bearers of the Ninth, who, from the nature of 
 the ground, and the way in which the regiment 
 doubled on itself when the charge began - 
 which prevented them from getting near the 
 front during its continuance could pass their s 
 up over the ditch to their comrades on the 
 parapet. The men of the Ninth, who consid 
 ered themselves veterans as compared with the 
 other regiments, were not slow in according to 
 each of them full credit for their resolute conduct 
 during the battle. They had been exposed for 
 
1 44 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 hours to a galling and destructive fire from an 
 entrenched and unseen foe, and their losses 
 more eloquently than words, tell of their 
 bravery and firmness throughout the trying 
 ordeal. 
 
 This meager account of the charge of the gth 
 New York at the battle of Roanoke Island is 
 due solely to the fact that it is restricted to 
 incidents which occurred under the immediate 
 observation of the writer and as his opportuni 
 ties for observation were limited the narative 
 must necessarily be so also. No doubt many 
 stirring incidents and acts of gallantry occurred, 
 which he would have proudly recorded had he 
 witnessed them, but his field of observation 
 was very limited just then. 
 
 The men of the Ninth who were first in the 
 enemy s works, who had secured and main 
 tained a leading position in the charge and had 
 arrived on the parapet in advance of their 
 comrades, enjoyed the privilege of viewing an 
 awe-inspiring spectacle, namely, the charging 
 regiment of a thousand men sweeping toward 
 them like an irresistible torrent, their eyes 
 aflame with passion and faces distorted by the 
 tigerish instinct and the desire to kill, aroused 
 by the sight of their slain and wounded 
 comrades. 
 
 Soldiers often discuss among themselves 
 
WHY ASS A UL TS ARE SUCCESSFUL. 1 45 
 
 the whys and wherefores of victory or defeat, 
 and the reasons why troops behind earthworks 
 protected by a shoulder-high parapet and a 
 wide and deep ditch, will permit themselves to 
 be dislodged by others from the outside, who 
 must, in order to do so, overcome the obstacles 
 in front of the works, wade the ditch and climb 
 the steep face of the parapet in the face of the 
 fire, and opposed by the bayonets of the de 
 fenders. To these men of the Ninth who, on 
 this occasion, gained the parapet in advance of 
 the mass of the regiment, and had one back 
 ward glance at the rushing, shouting torrent of 
 savage humanity below them, it was no longer 
 a mystery. The appearance of this seemingly 
 irresistible wave of maddened men rushing 
 toward them seems to strike terror into the de 
 fenders, and hope of successful resistance is 
 abandoned and they fly Sauve qui pent with 
 out waiting for the real struggle to begin. 
 
 This scattered few of the Ninth who first 
 mounted the parapet (not separated from the 
 regiment at all, simply the first) were from 
 several companies. They arrived in time to 
 see the last of the rebel defenders disappearing 
 among the trees towards their rear. During 
 the minute that elapsed before the reforming 
 of the regiment began, they had time to notice 
 that this place, which for several hours had 
 
146 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 been the center of a maelstrom of bullets and 
 shells and struggling men, was just then 
 singularly quiet and peaceful like. A few dead 
 men lay near the guns, one lying on his back 
 beside the big Dahlgren with the lanyard still 
 in his hand. 
 
 As the regiment ijioved out of the place a 
 few moments afterward, a number of others 
 were seen just outside the \vork all decently 
 arranged in rows. 
 
 Charles Curie, of Company C, who was one 
 of the group which first reached the parapet, 
 relates that as he lingered for an instant to 
 catch a general view of the situation, before 
 joining with the others of his company who 
 were rapidly arriving in reforming it, his 
 attention was attracted by a body of soldiers 
 emerging from the swamp on the right of the 
 battery and a little in rear of it. They appeared 
 to be from two different organizations, each 
 had a flag, one a white State ensign, and the 
 other a United States regimental color. There 
 appeared to be about a company of each. They 
 were close together and Curie s attention was 
 specially arrested by the way in which they 
 advanced out of the thickets. Instead of rush 
 ing forward, as might be expected, each one ap 
 peared to be wholly engrossed in a strained 
 effort to maintain a correct alignment, their 
 
WHA T CURIE SAW. 147 
 
 officers being active in their efforts to preserve 
 an imposing front. When they saw the fort 
 and the situation, each of the color bearers, with 
 several others, ran directly toward the parapet, 
 evidently breaking away from the control of 
 their officers, and each planted his flag on the 
 work at about the same moment. At the same 
 instant another and larger group separated 
 from both bodies and rushed to the flagstaff 
 of the fort, which \vas at least fifty paces in 
 rear of the guns, and hauled down the rebel 
 flag which the enemy in their sudden flight 
 had left flying, and struggled fiercely among 
 themselves for possession of it. All these 
 occurrences took place in an instant. They 
 flashed into view and became sensible to the 
 eye like an instantaneous photograph. While 
 chagrin at the loss of this opportunity was still 
 in a nebulous shape in his mind, and a deter 
 mination was forming to take a hand in the 
 fight for the rebel flag, Corporal Latham A. 
 Fish, of his company, directed him to "fall in," 
 and Curie took his place in the ranks and in a 
 few moments, with the rest of the regiment, 
 was moving up the road in pursuit of the 
 enemy. 
 
 There was very little delay in resuming the 
 advance after the place had been taken. All 
 of the enemy had disappeared except such as 
 
148 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 were too badly wounded to get away un 
 assisted. The various companies were im 
 mediately reformed by their respective first- 
 sergeants and without an instant s delay 
 pushed forward in pursuit of the rapidly re 
 treating enemy. In the plan of the defenses of 
 the island, this battery (Fort Defiance) was the 
 key, and when captured it permitted the other 
 forts to be attacked from the rear, when, with 
 the fleet in front, and the infantry well posted 
 in the rear, further resistance was useless and 
 nothing remained for the garrisons but to 
 surrender. 
 
 The " Ninth" was sent to the right of the 
 road by General Reno, and succeeded in cap 
 turing a number of prisoners who were endeav 
 oring to escape through Shallow Bag Bay, 
 among them being Capt. O. Jennings Wise, a 
 son of Governor Wise, of Virginia. He was 
 very severely wounded and died from the 
 effects next day. 
 
 Early in the evening of his capture, after his 
 wounds had been dressed by Assistant Surgeon 
 White, he was taken to the house of a Mr. 
 Jarvis, which was being used for a hospital and 
 near which the regiment was in bivouac, and 
 while being carried past the men who had 
 pressed forward to look at him, he extended 
 his hand, in a gesture, toward them and said: 
 
CAPTAIN WIS&S OPINION. 1 49 
 
 "You are the only men who fought to-day." 
 Afterward, just before his death, while in con 
 versation with Major Kimball, he stated that in 
 his opinion the battery could have defied all the 
 troops on the island for days, had the fighting 
 against it been continued in the same manner 
 in which it was carried on during the morning, 
 or until the arrival of the "Red Caps," as he 
 designated them. He said that at the begin 
 ning of the charge he thought the regiment 
 had been utterly annihilated by the grape and 
 canister when the men threw themselves on 
 the ground, when the artillery first opened on 
 them, but when they again sprang to their feet 
 and rushed forward with yells, their men fled 
 more frightened than hurt. "We were actually 
 scared from our position," he said. 
 
 The other troops pushed on rapidly up the 
 road and captured the main camp of the enemy 
 with a large number of men, then dividing 
 into detachments they moved on the other three 
 forts which were still engaging the gunboats, 
 and demanded their surrender, \vhich was 
 acceded to. 
 
 Long before nightfall all firing had ceased. 
 The forts on the Roanoke Sound side of the 
 island had surrendered ; the various bodies of 
 the enemy s troops had thrown down their 
 arms and been placed under guard, and the 
 victorious troops went into bivouac. 
 
150 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 There was a saying among soldiers during 
 the war which was to the effect " That nothing- 
 is easier than to show how to win a battle that 
 has just been lost." This was as true of the 
 battle of Roanoke Island as of any of the others 
 fought during the Rebellion. When it was 
 learned that the prisoners taken numbered sev 
 eral thousand, it seemed unexplainable why the 
 enemy had not brought them all into action 
 and utilized them at and near the interior bat 
 tery to defend that place. Had they done so it 
 would seem they could easily have prevented 
 the Union troops from crossing the swamp 
 at all, which it was afterward discovered ex 
 tended clear across the island from one shore 
 to the other, and was an excellent place at 
 which to establish a line of defense. As it was, 
 they appeared to have had only a few hundred 
 men actually engaged at that place, while the 
 bulk of their forces remained idly in their 
 camps and rendered no assistance whatever to 
 the comparatively few who were engaged. The 
 fight lasted several hours, giving ample time 
 for them not only to reinforce the point at 
 tacked, but to make disposition of their troops 
 at their leisure. 
 
 Such portions of the official reports of the 
 generals in command, as related directly to the 
 9th New York, are given, as follows : 
 
OFFICIAL REPORTS OF THE BATTLE. 151 
 
 General Foster, the ranking officer present 
 and in actual command, says: 
 
 "After the engagement had lasted sometime, the gth New York 
 coming on the field, I directed General Parke to order it to charge. 
 The order was given, and the regiment charged at a run with yells, 
 cheered by the other troops, right up the road at the battery. Major 
 Kimball of this regiment, exhibited marked gallantry, leading the 
 charge by several rods." 
 
 General Parke, who commanded the brigade 
 of which the Ninth was a part, in his report says : 
 
 " It being now ascertained that the natural obstacles on this 
 line (the original line of attack), were of so serious a character, 
 and that the delay in the progress of the troops through the swamps 
 was so great, it was decided to change the course of the gth New 
 York, and the order was sent to the Colonel to turn to the left 
 and charge the battery directly up the road, and the regiment with a 
 hearty yell and cheer, struck into the road, and made for the battery 
 on the run. 
 
 " The order was given to charge the enemy with fixed bayonets. This 
 was done in gallant style, Major Kimball taking the lead. The Major 
 was very conspicuous during the movement, and I take great pleasure 
 in commending him to your favorable notice." 
 
 Careful research among the "Official Records" 
 has failed to find mention of a bayonet charge 
 at an earlier date than the above, and we will 
 leave the discovery of such to others. 
 
 General Burnside, in his report to the War 
 Department, says : 
 
 * * * "After Reno had cleared the road Parke s brigade arrived and 
 was ordered by Foster to support the 23d and 27th Massachusetts, who 
 were turning the enemy s left flank. The 4th Rhode Island led the 
 movement, and just as the gth New York entered the wood, following 
 it, Foster and Parke found that Reno s appearance on the enemy s 
 left had staggered him, and they decided to order the gth New York 
 to charge the battery in front, which was instantly done, and at once 
 the road was filled with a sea of red caps, the air resounding with their 
 cheers. * * * The merit of first entering the fort is claimed by the 2ist 
 Massachusetts and the srst New York." 
 
152 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 Captain Thomas H. Parker, of the 5ist Penn 
 sylvania, in his history of that regiment, says : 
 
 14 While nearly on the flank of the works (referring to position of 
 Pennsylvania), and making efforts to get across to the fort, a distance 
 of about 150 yards, the gth New York charged in solid column up the 
 road into the fort, capturing the three guns, etc." 
 
 Frank Vizitelly, the well known war corre 
 spondent and artist for the London Illustrated 
 News, was just in the rear of the Ninth when 
 the charge was made. He made a drawing of it, 
 which was published in his paper and was repro 
 duced afterward and published by a New York 
 illustrated paper. After the excitement of the 
 fight was over he sought an introduction to 
 Colonel Hawkins, whom he complimented very 
 highly on the conduct of the regiment, saying 
 the charge was the best thing he had ever seen 
 done by a green regiment and congratulated 
 him upon being its commander. 
 
 Mr. Vizitellv had seen .service in various 
 
 j 
 
 lands, and under many conditions, and his 
 commendations were of the highest value, com 
 ing as they did from one who was perfectly 
 impartial in his feelings toward any or all of the 
 regiments engaged, and whose opinion and 
 judgment were valuable by reason of his ex 
 perience. 
 
 The following is a copy of Colonel Hawkins 
 report to his immediate superior : 
 
COLONEL HAWKINS REPORT. 153 
 
 ROANOKE ISLAND, N. C., Feb. 9, 1862. 
 BRIG.-GENERAL JOHN G. PARKE. 
 
 GENERAL: Agreeably to your orders the Ninth New York Volunteers 
 disembarked from the transports and landed upon the Island on the 
 evening of the yth inst. The next morning the regiment, with others 
 of your brigade, were ordered out to reinforce the brigades of 
 Generals Reno and Foster, which had been engaged about two and 
 one-half hours. Upon reaching the battle-ground I was ordered to 
 outflank the enemy on their left, where they were in position behind 
 an entrenchment mounting three guns. After leading the Ninth New 
 York into a marsh immediately in front of the enemy s works, under 
 a heavy fire from them of grape and musketry, the order was given to 
 charge the rebels with fixed bayonets. This was done in gallant style, 
 Major Kimball taking the lead. The enemy s works w r ere soon carried 
 and hastily abandoned by them. All officers and men of the regiment 
 behaved with great gallantry and bravery ; it is impossible to say who 
 is most deserving, or who merits the most applause. In my opinion all 
 deserve credit and praise alike. 
 
 After this we were ordered to pursue the rebels, which we did, and 
 succeeded in taking some forty prisoners ; among them were several 
 officers and men of the Richmond Blues, who had composed a part of 
 the Wise Legion, with Captain O. Jennings Wise at their head, who 
 was badly wounded and was trying to make his escape to Nag s Head. 
 
 I regret that I have to report the death of M. De Monteil, Lieut.-Colo- 
 nel of the D Epaneuil Zouaves, who^went into the fight with the Ninth 
 New York as a volunteer. He was killed instantly while nobly urging 
 my men on to the charge. He dies greatly lamented by all the officers 
 and men of the regiment who came in contact with him. His bravery 
 was as great as his patriotism was sincere, and I cannot but feel that 
 had he lived he would have proved a most valuable officer. 
 
 The Ninth New York had two officers and thirteen privates wounded. 
 Very respectfully yours, etc., 
 
 RUSH C. HAWKINS, 
 Colonel Ninth New York Volunteers. 
 
 That night the " Ninth" occupied a cornfield 
 near a house which during the day had been 
 turned into a hospital for the rebels, and which 
 was now crowded with the wounded of both 
 sides, and the shrieks and groans were pitiful 
 in the extreme. Again it rained hard the entire 
 
154 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 night, but the men were too exhausted to mind 
 the elements, and slept soundly through it all. 
 They had been on foot continuously from the 
 previous afternoon when ordered to "fall in" 
 for disembarkation and from that time until 
 arms were stacked in the cornfield on the night 
 of the 8th, not one man in twenty of the entire 
 regiment had sat down for a moment. All had 
 been soaked to the skin by the rain of the 
 previous night, as well as by the mud and 
 water in swamp and ditch during the assault, 
 and had reached the conclusion that there was 
 just a trifle too much water "in their n." Both 
 officers and men were young and in rugged 
 health, while out-of-door life and plenty of 
 exercise with abundance of plain food (hard 
 tack, coffee and salt-horse), enabled all, with 
 the exception of the unfortunates on guard duty, 
 to rise the following morning refreshed and 
 ready and willing for any duty they might be 
 called upon to perform. For several days fol 
 lowing they were busily occupied in securing 
 captured arms, guarding and otherwise caring 
 for prisoners and performing other duties of a 
 similar character. 
 
 The prisoners were several thousands in 
 number, and a most motley crew they were. 
 The conditions under which they were viewed 
 were the worst possible. The rain had fallen 
 
THE PRISONERS AS THEY APPEARED. 1 55 
 
 in torrents almost continuously for more than 
 forty-eight hours, and their clothing was soaked 
 and heavy with it. They were, so to speak, 
 rounded up like a herd of cattle in a convenient 
 field, absolutely without shelter and surrounded 
 by a line of guards. Above all, they were 
 beaten men, defeated on their own ground, 
 prisoners in their own camps, melancholy and 
 discouraged, and it was difficult to repress a 
 feeling of pity for the poor unfortunates. They 
 seemed to be Virginians, Georgians and North 
 Carolinians principally. Most of them were 
 clothed in a plain, serviceable, soldier-like uni 
 form, and armed in military style. These were 
 principally Georgians. A number of the Vir 
 ginians sported militia uniforms of the style and 
 fashion of the period of the Mexican War. 
 There were also independent companies armed 
 with whatever kind of firearm the individual 
 owned when he entered the service, single or 
 double-barrel shot gun, rifle or musket. Num 
 bers of them were supplied with a weapon 
 which appeared to be a combination of knife 
 and sword. These were plainly of home manu 
 facture, having been forged on an anvil ; some 
 were fitted with wooden hilts, the blade being 
 from fifteen to twenty-four inches long, and 
 somewhat similar in shape to a sword bayonet. 
 A cord several feet long was attached to the 
 
136 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 hilt, which was for the purpose of enabling 
 the wearer to recover the weapon after it had 
 been hurled at the enemy. When the manner 
 of using this sword was explained to him by a 
 prisoner, one of Company A s men expressed 
 his opinion of the efficiency of the w r eapon by 
 remarking: "While you was foolin round me 
 with that thing I would be pickin your teeth 
 with this bayonet." 
 
 Several of these companies were, or rather 
 had been, happy owners of really handsome silk 
 flags, the name of the companies being skill 
 fully embroidered upon them. One bore the 
 appellation "Tar River Rangers," another, of 
 which even some of the "tar heels " and "tur 
 pentine scrapers" seemed ashamed, was em 
 blazoned " Yankee Fool Killers." 
 
CHAPTER VII. 
 
 EXPEDITIONS TO NAG S HEAD AND WINTON, N. C. 
 -NINTH REGIMENT GARRISONS ROANOKE 
 ISLAND - - RESIGNATION OF LIEUTENANT- 
 COLONEL BETTS EXPEDITION UNDER MA 
 JOR JARDINE EXPEDITION TO SOUTH MILLS 
 
 - TERRIFIC MARCH - - BATTLE OF SOUTH 
 MILLS OR CAMDEN - - HEAVY LOSS OF THE 
 NINTH - - DEATH OF ADJUTANT GADSDEN- 
 RETURN TO ROANOKE -- RETROSPECTION - 
 GENERAL RENO S REPORT OF BATTLE - 
 
 COLONEL HAWKINS REPORT. 
 
 THE battle of Roanoke Island was fought on 
 the 8th of February, 1862. The following 
 day was a busy one for the regiment, being 
 spent in gathering the scattered prisoners and 
 securing them, as well as in furnishing details 
 to guard and escort them, and to take charge of 
 captured camps and stores in and about the 
 forts and batteries. The regiment did not act as 
 a whole, but in detachments, at the various 
 points where their services were required. 
 That night the command reassembled and bi 
 vouacked in the woods. 
 
158 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 When morning came they were marched to 
 the shore of Croaton Sound and again boarded 
 the transports in which they had come from 
 Hatteras. They were glad, indeed, to return to 
 their old quarters and " seek the seclusion that 
 the cabin grants." Hardly had the various 
 companies arrived on their respective vessels, 
 however, than an order was received for a de 
 tail of two companies for a reconnaissance to 
 Nag s Head. This was a summer watering place 
 much patronized by well-to-do Virginians be 
 fore the war, situated on the narrow neck of 
 mainland between Roanoke Sound and the 
 ocean. It was nearly opposite Roanoke Island 
 and distant therefrom five or six miles. But 
 the fleet lay on the westerly side of the island, 
 which it was necessary to circumnavigate in 
 order to reach the desired point, and this added 
 very much to the distance to be sailed to reach 
 Nag s Head. Companies B and H were desig 
 nated for the detail. They were ordered to 
 
 -/ 
 
 " fall in " for this duty just as they had begun 
 to cook their rations for the first " square meal " 
 they had had since they left the transports, 
 three days before. Hungry stomachs and wist 
 ful eyes turned reluctantly from the savory 
 odors of sputtering pork and steaming coffee, 
 as each man followed his duty, and as their 
 more fortunate comrades smacked their lips 
 
RECONNAISSANCE TO NAG S HEAD. 159 
 
 over their meal, the boys of B and H, under 
 the immediate command of Colonel Hawkins, 
 hurried aboard the steamer " Picket." The 
 officers of the " Picket," however, generously 
 provided the boys with coffee and crackers, 
 which revived their flagging spirits, and as a 
 sense of comfort gradually stole over them the 
 nervous tension relaxed and they broke forth 
 in song and jest and gleeful antics, much to the 
 edification and amusement of the sailors. Not 
 withstanding the fact that the vessel was very 
 much overcrowded, and that rain and snow fell 
 alternately throughout the night, a very comfor 
 table time was passed. 
 
 After they had accomplished the object of 
 the reconnaissance the troops returned on the 
 steamer to the transports. 
 
 The following is Colonel Hawkins report of 
 the reconnaissance: 
 
 STEAMER "VIRGINIA," Feb. n, 1862. 
 GEN. J. G. PARKE: 
 
 GENERAL: In accordance with orders received from you on the loth 
 inst. , I proceeded with two companies of the Ninth New York Volun 
 teers on board the steamer " Picket " to Nag s Head, and this morning 
 landed at the wharf opposite to where the hotel formerly stood. I 
 learned that General Wise left there about an hour and a half before 
 sundown last Saturday, taking with him about three hundred and fifty 
 men belonging to the " Wise Legion." 
 
 Wise, in order to carry out the plans of the vandals and ruffians (the 
 tribe to which he belongs), burned the hotel and several of the resi 
 dences, destroying a large amount of property, but little use to anyone. 
 Very respectfully yours, 
 
 RUSH C. HAWKINS, 
 
 Colonel Ninth New York Volunteers. 
 
16O NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS, 
 
 Meanwhile the prisoners captured on Roa- 
 noke Island had been sent North, and a survey 
 of new fields for conquest made. A rumor 
 reached the commander of the forces that cer 
 tain loyal North Carolinians at Winton, on the 
 Chowan River, were seeking a junction with the 
 Union forces. This rumor caused the General 
 to send the larger portion of the fleet of gun 
 boats, together with the gth New York, to 
 Winton to succor them. The fleet for this 
 expedition mounted thirty-three guns and was 
 commanded by Commodore Rowan. 
 
 At noon on the i8th the little fleet started, 
 but when about half the distance had been 
 covered anchored for the night. On the follow 
 ing day when but a short distance from Winton, 
 and while proceeding up the river in single 
 file Commodore Row r an on the " Delaware " 
 being ahead, closely followed by the " Perry," 
 commanded by Lieutenant-Commander Flus- 
 ser, with Company A, of the Ninth, on board, 
 the other companies being distributed among 
 the fleet, it was suddenly fired upon with both 
 artillery and musketry from the shore. The 
 call " to quarters " was beaten, every man 
 slipped into his place, and in less than sixty 
 seconds such a shower of g-inch Dahlgren and 
 loo-pound Parrot shells began to fall around 
 and among the enemy on shore, that their fire 
 
THE ATTACK ON THE GUNBOATS. 161 
 
 ceased at once and they scattered and tem 
 porarily disappeared. They nevertheless man 
 aged to keep up an ineffective musketry fire 
 from sheltered places. As it was late in the 
 day and falling dusk it was not thought judi 
 cious to attempt a landing then, so the fleet 
 dropped down the river to a point where it was 
 wide enough to afford a place for easy defense. 
 Flusser with the " Perry " covered this move 
 ment. When the Confederates saw that the 
 fleet was retiring they evidently supposed it 
 had been beaten off, as they appeared in con 
 siderable force on both banks of the river, their 
 mounted men riding along abreast of the 
 " Perry," keeping up an intermittent musketry 
 fire. Occasionally there came a shot from a 
 field gun, but there was no damage done, and 
 they found the return fire from g-inch cannon 
 quite interesting. 
 
 While the vessels were at anchor the men 
 learned for the first time that there had been 
 another object in view for the expedition in 
 addition to the rescue of the alleged loyalists. 
 This was the destruction of the bridges over 
 the Nottoway and Blackwater Rivers, of the 
 Roanoke and Seaboard R.R. For this purpose 
 small packages of oakum and kindling wood 
 were distributed among the men. 
 
 On the following morning the fleet again pro- 
 
162 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 ceeded up the river to Winton, carefully shell 
 ing the adjacent woods and the town. The 
 regiment was landed, and while part of it occu 
 pied the town, strong detachments were thrown 
 forward on all the roads leading into the 
 country, in search of the enemy. Plenty of 
 evidence was visible that the place had been re 
 cently occupied by a strong force, and that it 
 was a depot of supplies for the Confederate 
 army. On account of the quantities of military 
 stores found, which it was then impossible to 
 take away, and for other reasons, which are set 
 forth in Colonel Hawkins report, it was decided 
 to burn the town. This was done, the troops 
 remaining until the fire was well under way 
 and the total destruction of the place was 
 assured, when they retired to the gunboats. 
 
 This affair, which gave warning to the enemy 
 and prevented anything in the nature of a sur 
 prise taking place, made the pursuance of the 
 bridge-burning project impracticable, and it was 
 abandoned. The story concerning loyalists 
 who were reported to be so anxious to join 
 the Union forces proved to be a myth. None 
 but enemies were found at Winton. The fleet 
 returned to Roanoke Island and the troops 
 joined the others in preparing for an advance 
 on Newberne, which was decided to be the 
 next point of attack. 
 
COL ON EL HA WKINS REPOR T. 163 
 
 Colonel Hawkins official report of this affair 
 is as follows : 
 
 STEAMER "VIRGINIA," ROANOKE ISLAND, N. C., Feb. 21, 1862. 
 BRIG. -GENERAL J. G. PARKE: 
 
 GENERAL: In accordance with your orders of the i6th inst. , I called 
 upon Commodore Rowan, and made arrangements to embark my regi 
 ment on board some of the gunboats of his division for the purpose of 
 proceeding up the Blackwater and Nottoway rivers, and destroying the 
 bridges over them of the Roanoke and Seaboard Railroad. 
 
 At 12 o clock M. of the i8th inst., the regiment was embarked and 
 the expedition got under way, and that night anchored off the mouth 
 of the Roanoke river, where it remained until 10 A. M., of the following 
 day, and then commenced its advance up the Chowan river. Nothing 
 of importance occurred till about 3.30 P. M., the flag steamer "Dela 
 ware" being about one mile ahead of any of the other boats. I was 
 on the cross-trees of the mainmast, where I had been on the lookout 
 for about two hours, and the steamer was within three hundred and 
 fifty yards of the wharf at Winton, when I discovered that the high 
 bank we were rapidly approaching was covered with Confederate 
 soldiers. I immediately gave the alarm, but not in time to change the 
 course of the boat until she had got within one hundred yards of the 
 shore, when we received the fire of seven hundred infantry or more, 
 which continued until we had passed up the river out of range, when 
 we turned about and began shelling the town, the enemy returning 
 the fire with four pieces of field artillery from the shore. In the mean 
 time the gunboat " Perry" having come within range, opened upon 
 the rebels from below. Soon after the enemy was dislodged and retired, 
 when the " Delaware " returned down the river, receiving four shots 
 when she passed the wharf. The whole fleet came to anchor 
 about seven miles below Winton. A consultation was held and it was 
 then agreed to advance again next morning and burn the town if 
 found occupied by the enemy. 
 
 About 11.30 A. M., of the 2oth inst., our gunboats arrived at and 
 took their positions, some above, some opposite and others below the 
 town, when the guns commenced firing, giving the place an effective 
 shelling, and in about twenty minutes my regiment landed, accom 
 panied by three guns under the command of Lieutenant Flusser, 
 of the Commodore Perry. The guns were placed in position so as to 
 command the approaches to the town, and the regiment was drawn up 
 in line awaiting the attack of the enemy. In the meantime parties of 
 observation and scouts were sent out in all directions. It was soon 
 ascertained that the rebels had retreated as soon as our forces came in 
 sight that morning, leaving everything behind excepting arms and 
 
164 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS, 
 
 accoutrements. Six companies of my regiment took possession of the 
 main approach to the town, and I commenced making a personal in 
 spection of all the buildings. I found that nearly the whole had been 
 taken possession of and occupied by the Confederate troops as quarters 
 and store-houses. I then ordered that every building containing stores 
 for the enemy or used by them as quarters, should be fired, and placed 
 guards in the others to see that they were not disturbed or destroyed. 
 
 The property consumed belonging to the Confederate forces, con 
 sisted of bacon, cornmeal, sugar, powder, mess-pans, camp kettles, 
 haversacks, canteens, etc., the whole worth not less than $10,000. 
 
 This, I believe, is the first instance during the war where on our side 
 fire had accompanied the sword. It is to be regretted that such severe 
 measures have to be resorted to; they can only be justified on the 
 grounds 
 
 first. Retaliation for trying to decoy us into a trap at the time of 
 firing into the " Delaware." Evidence of this is that a negress, the 
 property of one of the Confederate officers, was sent down to the wharf 
 by her master to beckon us into the landing, when we were all to be 
 slaughtered, or in the words of the negress: " Dey said that dey want 
 gwine to let anybody lib at all, but wasgwine to kill ebery one ob em." 
 We were to have received no quarter. 
 
 Second. The buildings fired had been used by the rebel forces as 
 store-houses and quarters. 
 
 From information obtained at Winton, we came to the conclusion 
 that it would be impossible to accomplish the original object and aim 
 of the expedition, so it had to be abandoned. 
 
 The forces at Winton, as near as I could ascertain, consisted of six 
 companies of the First Battalion, North Carolina Volunteers, under 
 command of Lieut. Col. William T. Williams, one battery of light 
 artillery, one company of the Southampton Cavalry, and one or two 
 companies of North Carolina Militia; the whole under the charge 
 of Lieutenant-Colonel Williams. 
 
 I am happy to inform you that none of our forces were injured. The 
 enemy sustained some considerable loss from the fire of our gunboats 
 on the igth, but I am not able to state how many were either killed or 
 wounded. 
 
 The troops under my command and the officers and sailors of the 
 gunboats behaved exceedingly well, and performed all of the various 
 duties with promptness and alacrity. 
 
 I feel greatly indebted to Commodore S. C. Rowan and the lieu 
 tenants in command of the gunboats, for their attention to the wants 
 and comforts of my regiment, and also for their hearty co-operation in 
 trying to carry out the object of the expedition. 
 
 I am most faithfully, your obedient servant, 
 
 RUSH C. HAWKINS, 
 Colonel Ninth New York Volunteers. 
 
GENERAL BURNSID&S REASONS. 165 
 
 Within a few days after the return of the 
 regiment from this expedition the prepara 
 tions for the move on Newberne were com 
 pleted and the expedition was ready to 
 proceed. On the morning before it sailed 
 from Roanake Island, General Burnside sent 
 for Colonel Hawkins, and upon his report 
 ing at headquarters, said to him : " We leave 
 tomorrow for an attack on Newberne, and this 
 being an important point I desire to leave it 
 in safe hands, and shall place you in command 
 with a sufficient force to defend it in case of an 
 attack. I give you this important command 
 as a mark of my appreciation of the fine con 
 duct of your regiment." A new brigade of three 
 regiments designated in Orders as the " Fourth" 
 was formed and Colonel Hawkins placed at its 
 head and in command at Roanoke Island. His 
 district comprised all the waters and territory 
 northwest, north and northeast of the southern 
 end of Croaton Sound. 
 
 On the 5th of March the brigade disembarked 
 from the transports and the regiments compos 
 ing it were distributed in various camps on the 
 island, the Ninth being assigned to one formerly 
 occupied by the rebels, and where there were 
 commodious and well arranged barracks which 
 they had erected for their own winter quarters. 
 These barracks were arranged in a column of 
 
166 NIN IH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 companies and separated from each other by 
 wide company streets, the two companies occu 
 pying the quarters facing the same street using it 
 in common. The buildings were double, each 
 facing on two company streets, with a partition 
 running lengthwise through each dividing it 
 into rooms for two companies, which were 
 again divided into squad-rooms. These were 
 provided with bunks and fireplaces. They were 
 the best arranged and most comfortable quar 
 ters the regiment has thus far occupied. The 
 transfer from a camp of mud and rain to these 
 weather-proof and convenient quarters caused 
 each man to feel a sense of exhilaration such as 
 come to those who acquire wealth suddenly. 
 The boys certainly felt that they were living in 
 luxury. In addition to the barracks there were 
 other buildings in the camp sufficient to accom 
 modate the various regimental departments, 
 including officers quarters and a hospital. The 
 camp was christened Camp Reno. Company 
 D was assigned to garrison duty at the largest 
 of the captured forts which had formed the Con 
 federate stronghold. It was named Fort Reno. 
 It had a dock and other landing facilities and 
 soon became the principal a " port of entry >f of 
 the island. It was also the principal market for 
 such produce as the natives had to sell. The 
 demand for poultry, eggs, pies, cookies and 
 
RESIGN A riON OF L1EUT.-COLONEL BETTS. 1 67 
 
 such articles was quite brisk and the natives 
 were glad to supply them. It also became the 
 place of refuge for runaway slaves, and many a 
 pitiful tale of cruelty and terror was here 
 related. This company having been kept 
 numerically full by the recruits received, and 
 having remained remarkably free from sickness, 
 it frequently marched to dress parade an 
 hundred strong. It called itself the " Left wing 
 of the regiment." The non-coms, of the com 
 pany claimed the credit for this condition and 
 at times were inclined to be vain glorious in 
 consequence. This, of course, could not be 
 tolerated by the other non-coms, of the regi 
 ment, and they, therefore, determined to " cut 
 the combs " of the Company D fellows, which 
 they proceeded to do, with more or less 
 success and satisfaction. 
 
 Soon after the capture of Roanoke Island 
 Lieutenant-Colonel Betts tendered his resigna 
 tion and returned to New York, February 14, 
 1862. He was a thorough soldier and his loss 
 was deeply regretted by the regiment. He was 
 an excellent drill-officer, perfect master of regi 
 mental and brigade tactics, and it was in a large 
 measure due to his persistent efforts that the 
 Zouaves attained their noted proficiency in 
 drill. 
 
 The Newberne expedition sailed on March 
 
168 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 yth, when Colonel Hawkins assumed command 
 of the Fourth Brigade and Post, the command 
 of the regiment devolving on Captain Jardine, 
 who a few days later was promoted to be Major 
 and was presented with a fine set of equipments 
 by his late Company G. 
 
 Major Kimball was on leave of absence but 
 returned on the 24th wearing a lieutenant- 
 colonel s uniform, he having received his com 
 mission to that grade while at home. He was 
 welcomed back with three-times-three rousing 
 cheers, for the boys recognized him as an old 
 comrade, tried and true. 
 
 The regiment now settled down to the old 
 routine of drill and parade, guard mount, and 
 fatigue duty, which comprises the military life 
 while in garrison. 
 
 To the great delight of the old sergeant of 
 regulars at Newport News who trained him, 
 Corporal Searing, of Company D, had acquired 
 great skill in artillery drill, and he now bent 
 his energies to transmit that skill to the 
 others of his company now stationed at Fort 
 Reno. As a result they soon became quite ex 
 pert under his instructions. 
 
 The monotony of camp and garrison life on 
 the island was frequently broken by incursions 
 into the enemy s country, which were either 
 organized by Colonel Hawkins or ordered by 
 superior authority. 
 
EXPEDITION UP THE PASQUOTAUK 169 
 
 On April yth Companies H and I, under 
 command of Major Jardine, with six companies 
 of the 6th New Hampshire Volunteers, the 
 whole under command of Lieutenant-Colonel 
 Griffin of the 6th New Hampshire, boarded the 
 gunboats and steamed across Albermarle Sound 
 up the Pasquotank river to Elizabeth City, where, 
 landing, they surprised two companies of North 
 Carolina militia, who stampeded without offer 
 ing any resistance, casting away their weapons 
 and flying in great disorder to the woods. They 
 were rapidly pursued and seventy-three men 
 belonging to the First Brigade, North Carolina 
 Militia, were captured, brought to Camp Reno 
 and guarded by the Ninth. 
 
 One of the Zouaves thus refers to them in 
 his diary : 
 
 "They were, indeed, a motley set; some had straw hats, others 
 of felt and of nearly every color. Many had gray coats, some black, 
 others brown, and one none at all. The other articles of dress con 
 formed to the same variety. A little tow-head corporal (the highest 
 rank among them), about fourteen years old, was the only one who 
 could write his name. 
 
 " I was Sergeant of the Guard over them, and allowed them to come 
 out to the line that they might see a dress parade worth looking at. 
 They were very much pleased, and said they really believed it was of 
 no use fighting against men like those. " 
 
 They all took the oath of allegiance, and 
 were permitted to return to their homes. 
 
 It was evident that the enemy were expecting 
 some sort of demonstration toward the rear of 
 Norfolk, by the Union troops as they had 
 
1 7O NINTH REGIMENT, NE W YORK VOL UNTEERS. 
 
 erected batteries along the line of the canal 
 leading to that place, and had stationed a 
 force at South Mills, some twelve miles distant 
 from Camden. 
 
 It was soon shown that the enemy was right 
 in preparing for an attack in that direction, for 
 about the i6th of April Colonel Hawkins was 
 ordered to proceed with his brigade to Eliza 
 beth City and from there advance against the 
 rebels at South Mills, thereby making a dem 
 onstration against Norfolk. 
 
 Orders were issued for each regiment to be 
 in readiness to move with fifty rounds of cart 
 ridges, three days rations, axes and shovels, 
 and on April i8th the brigade, consisting of the 
 9th and 8gth New York, and 6th New Hamp 
 shire regiments, started on transports for Eliza 
 beth City. 
 
 The following is an extract from General 
 Order No. 12 : 
 
 "The duty which this force is called upon to 
 endure being dangerous and difficult, and it 
 having a very long and arduous march to per 
 form, none but men capable of undergoing the 
 greatest fatigue will be allowed to accompany 
 it. Commanding officers are especially en 
 joined to see that this part of the order is 
 strictly enforced." 
 
 At the time these orders were received and 
 
EXPEDITION TO CAMDEN. 1 7 1 
 
 the expedition started, Colonel Hawkins had 
 no knowledge that any troops in addition to 
 his own were to take part in it, and he was 
 therefore surprised to meet General Reno with 
 two regiments 2ist Massachusetts and 5ist 
 Pennsylvania --near the mouth of the river. 
 Reno at once assumed command, and ordered 
 Colonel Hawkins to land his brigade at a place 
 called Shantilly, and immediately proceed with 
 all dispatch to a bridge which crossed the Pas- 
 quotank river, some two miles from South 
 Mills, and to surprise the enemy who was 
 presumed to be stationed there. Reno was to 
 follow as soon as the troops on the other 
 steamers, which were delayed by grounding, 
 could be landed. 
 
 Considerable delay was caused by the troops 
 being compelled to use small boats in making 
 a landing. From these the men were obliged 
 to jump when near the shore, and wade through 
 mud and water to reach the bank. It was after 
 3 o clock A.M. before the column finally moved. 
 
 Here commenced a march which for length 
 and duration was of the most extraordinary 
 nature, and to this day no one seems able to 
 explain why such a roundabout route was 
 chosen. Two plain, direct and level roads led 
 from Elizabeth City to South Mills, the one 
 running east of the Pasquotank river being 
 
1 72 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOL UNTEERS. 
 
 twelve miles, and the one west of the river 
 fifteen miles in length, over a level and inhab 
 ited country. It remains one of the inex 
 plicable mysteries why one or the other of 
 these was not taken and followed until South 
 Mills was reached. The advance guard soon 
 after starting encountered the rebel pickets and 
 fired on them, but they being mounted rapidly 
 disappeared to give notice of the approaching 
 column. At daybreak, which ushered in an in 
 tensely hot day, a short stop was made for rest 
 and to allow the men to eat their rations. Re 
 suming the march the column moved forward 
 with rapidity, the desire being to reach the ob 
 jective point and defeat the enemy before he 
 should be reinforced from Norfolk. 
 
 As they advanced, the sun rose over the trees 
 like a great red ball of flame, or like an angry 
 spirit mercilessly threatening a scorching day. 
 The marching troops pulverized the dry ground 
 into fine dust so that it covered every man as a 
 garment. As the sun s rays came down more 
 direct the atmosphere became intensely hot 
 and perspiration oozed from every pore. The 
 clouds of dust entered eyes, mouths and nos 
 trils, filling the air passages, obscuring the vis 
 ion, and parching the throats of the men until 
 they found it difficult to breathe and all went 
 struggling and gasping along, weighted down 
 
A TRYING MARCH APRIL NINETEENTH. 173 
 
 with their muskets, ammunition and haver 
 sacks, wondering at what men could endure 
 and live. A halt was made about nine 
 o clock, but too brief to permit the making 
 of fires for cooking purposes and the men 
 were obliged to eat hurriedly of hard-tack 
 and salt-horse, the latter adding to the crav 
 ing for water. Again resuming the line of 
 march under constantly increasing difficulties 
 of travel, it gradually dawned upon the men 
 that the main road had been abandoned, as the 
 way now led along byways through fields and 
 plantations. Meanwhile the oppressive heat 
 grew more oppressive, and the tired soldiers 
 grew weaker. Water was very scarce and a 
 consuming thirst added to the pangs already 
 endured. Many sank to the ground overcome 
 by heat or exhaustion, and were left to recover 
 as best they could. The stern command of 
 " Close up ! close up, men ! " ever ringing in the 
 ears of the jaded soldiers compelled them to 
 still advance. 
 
 Word was passed along the line that this 
 day was the igth of April, the anniversary of 
 the organization of the regiment and also of the 
 battle of Lexington, and this for a time served 
 to spur the drooping spirits of the wearied 
 troops, by recalling to their memory the patriotic 
 spirit of 76, and for a while they forgot their 
 
174 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 sufferings in the hope that this day might again 
 prove a memorable one in the annals of the 
 nation. About noon when every one was nearly 
 exhausted by the rapid march and the intense 
 heat, a column of troops was seen approaching 
 along a road running at right angles to the one 
 over which the brigade was marching. It 
 proved to be the 2ist Massachusetts and 5ist 
 Pennsylvania accompanied by General Reno. 
 These troops did not start from the place of 
 landing until after 7 A.M., but, having followed 
 the direct road they had marched less than half 
 the distance covered by the Fourth brigade. 
 They were greatly surprised that Hawkins 
 men had not yet found the enemy. 
 
 These men were in fairly good condition, 
 while those in Hawkins column were nearly all 
 ready to drop from fatigue, and from the usual 
 accompaniment of blistered and bloody feet, 
 aggravating chafes and other causes incident to 
 a long forced march by troops so long in camp 
 and on transports, that they were, compara 
 tively, "soft." A march like this once experi 
 enced, can never be forgotten by the soldier. 
 After a short rest it was resumed with Reno s 
 brigade and two guns of Company K s battery 
 in advance. 
 
 At about one o clock the enemy was found 
 posted in a strong position on both sides of the 
 
OPENING OF THE BATTLE. 175 
 
 road. They opened fire as soon as the head of 
 the Union column came within range. 
 
 The batteries, consisting of K s guns and 
 those of the New York Marine Artillery, un- 
 limbered in the road, and a spirited duel ensued, 
 gun answering gun. 
 
 The 2ist Massachusetts and 5ist Pennsyl 
 vania were sent to the right by General Reno 
 to turn the enemy s left, and when Hawkins 
 brigade arrived it was ordered forward, with 
 instructions for two regiments to follow, to 
 support the 2ist and 5ist, while the third, the 
 6th New Hampshire, supported the batteries. 
 The artillery on both sides meanwhile kept up 
 a steady and rapid fire. The Ninth moved for 
 ward and after proceeding a short distance 
 turned from the main road and moved to the 
 right through the edge of the woods where it 
 halted, and awaited orders, keeping under 
 cover of the woods out of sight of the enemy s 
 artillery-men. 
 
 Lieutenant-Colonel Kimball who commanded 
 the regiment rode out into the open ground in 
 front, in plain view of the enemy, and after a 
 short inspection of the ground and of the situa 
 tion returned and reported : 
 
 "Nothing but solid shot, boys, we don t care 
 for that." But the boys evidently did not 
 agree with the Colonel just then as there 
 
176 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 was some lively dodging when a shot or shell 
 came unpleasantly close to their heads and they 
 felt that there were far more pleasant places to 
 be found than the present one. 
 
 At this point Colonel Hawkins personally 
 assumed command of the Zouaves and led 
 them forward in an assault on the enemy s 
 position. We quote from an article of his on 
 this battle, afterward published in the Century 
 Magazine: 
 
 " The action had continued for about an hour (chiefly artillery), when 
 I concluded to make an observation in an open cornfield, directly in 
 front of the rebel center. I proceeded to a fence within a hundred 
 yards of the edge of the clearing, heard no firing of infantry, concluded 
 the rebels had been silently outflanked on their left by the 2ist Massa 
 chusetts and sist Pennsylvania, and thought my regiment might get 
 across the cornfield and capture the battery which still continued the 
 action. I returned and described what I proposed to do, and asked 
 the men if they thought they were equal to the undertaking. Although 
 nearly exhausted by their long march they signified their willingness 
 to try. Arriving at the fence the regiment was formed in line of 
 battle and commenced to move over the field. When within fifty 
 yards of the edge of the clearing the right companies received the 
 concentrated fire of the whole of the enemy s infantry and artillery, and 
 in less than two minutes lost nine killed and fifty-eight wounded." 
 
 This movement of the "Ninth" was made 
 independent of the other troops and was en 
 tirely unsupported. The situation just before 
 it was made was as follows: 
 
 All the troops in the command except Battery 
 K and Colonel Howard s Marine Artillery 
 were sheltered from the view of the enemy by 
 the woods. The position of the rebels was on 
 the farther side of a level clearing. The land 
 
" INTO THE MOUTH OF HELL." 177 
 
 being perfectly flat and presenting the appear 
 ance of having been reclaimed from the swamp. 
 It was in the " Dismal Swamp " country. 
 The several fields were separated by deep 
 ditches, apparently for drainage purposes, 
 with rail fences on top of the dykes. The 
 enemy s infantry occupied one of the ditches 
 at the edge of the woods on the farther side 
 of the field, which made an excellent rifle-pit, 
 affording good protection to their men. The 
 farm buildings had been burned, leaving the 
 perfectly level plantation without the slightest 
 protection to, or any spot which could be used as 
 a coign of vantage by, advancing troops, while 
 the ditches were partly filled with burning rails, 
 the smoke from which deceived as to distance. 
 The charging Zouaves naturally expected to 
 find the riflemen where the clouds of smoke 
 were rising. The regiment advanced deliber 
 ately into this field, marching by the flank, 
 moved " forward into line," and received the 
 order to charge with the bayonet. The enemy 
 did not open their musketry fire until the 
 Zouaves had advanced some distance. When 
 they did open fire a literal rain of grape, shrap 
 nel and bullets swept the exhausted men 
 before it. They fell like grain before the 
 sickle. The entire loss of the regiment occur 
 red here in an incredibly short time. Colonel 
 
178 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 Hawkins and Major Jardine were wounded, 
 while Lieutenant-Colonel Kimball had his 
 horse shot from under him, and in his fall was 
 temporarily disabled he was the only mounted 
 officer present. 
 
 At least two of the senior captains were 
 hors de combat, the adjutant killed, and no 
 one for the moment knew who was in com 
 mand. Even under these desperate conditions 
 the regiment did not give way. The men 
 recoiled for an instant, but responding at once 
 to the commands of the surviving officers, again 
 attempted to advance. The deadly fire of the 
 enemy was steadily maintained without cessa 
 tion, the artillerists continued to fire low, 
 grapeshot skimming along the surface of the 
 ground like swallows, and plainly visible to the 
 eye. There was no opportunity to inflict any 
 damage on the enemy as they were completely 
 masked by the smoke from the ditches and 
 from their own guns. They exhibited good 
 strategy in utilizing the ditches, for in those 
 where the rails had been consumed the ground 
 was still too hot to be used by the men of 
 the Ninth for shelter, and their exposed posi 
 tion in the open ground was preferable to 
 roasting, even in "the last ditch." 
 
 Human nature could not long withstand this 
 fire of iron and lead. To advance was impos- 
 
IN THE MIDST OF BA TTLE. 1 79 
 
 sible, while to turn their backs to the foe was 
 not in the province of the Zouaves. Some one 
 gave the order "right oblique," and the regi 
 ment moved to the shelter of the woods on the 
 right. 
 
 A regiment which could not be fully identi 
 fied but believed to be the 8gth New York, 
 double-quicked out of the wood to the right and 
 rear of the " Ninth," and gaining a position 
 where they could fire past the left-flank of the 
 regiment, halted, came to a front and began 
 firing by wing as steadily and apparently as 
 methodically as though on drill, the volleys 
 following each other with as much regularity as 
 if at practice on the parade-ground. This 
 created a diversion in favor of the " Ninth," 
 which gained the shelter of the woods without 
 much further loss, where it was instantly re 
 formed by Kimball (who had recovered from 
 his accident) when they again advanced and 
 occupied the enemy s line with no more casual 
 ties. 
 
 Reno had promptly thrown forward his other 
 regiments in order to support and make a 
 diversion in favor of the "Ninth," all instantly 
 advancing and opening fire. This was too 
 much for the "Johnnies" who had "shot their 
 bolt," and they retreated in disorder leaving 
 everything in the nature of camp equipage 
 
ISO NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 behind them, though managing to save their 
 artillery. The Union troops were too exhausted 
 to pursue the enemy and the Zouaves occu 
 pied their abandoned brush shelters. 
 
 Adjutant Charles A. Gadsden, who met his 
 death in this battle had recently been commis 
 sioned in the regiment, and reported for duty 
 about two weeks previous to this engagement, 
 and in that short period had gained the good 
 opinion of officers and men. He died gallantly 
 at the head of the regiment in the honorable 
 performance of his duties as a soldier. 
 
 He had been a member of the yth New York 
 State Militia, had thoroughly studied his duties 
 as adjutant, and was doubtless gratified to be 
 assigned to a regiment where his knowledge 
 would prove of benefit and be duly appreciated. 
 Lieutenant Gadsden reported to Lieutenant- 
 Colonel Kimball for duty, and was present at 
 dress-parade on the first evening of his arrival 
 in camp. After seeing the parade he concluded 
 that for the present, at least, it would be better to 
 learn than to teach, so he asked for and received 
 permission to postpone the assumption of his 
 duties for one week. He was killed exactly one 
 week after assuming his position as adjutant of 
 the regiment. 
 
 After consultation among the superior officers 
 on the night of the battle it was decided that a 
 
OUT OF A BAD PREDICAMENT. 181 
 
 retreat was the proper move. This decision was 
 reached by reviewing the facts that some of the 
 regiments had exhausted their ammunition ; 
 that the navy could not effect a junction with 
 General Reno at the bridge ; that the troops 
 were far from their base of supplies while the 
 enemy was in his own country and could be 
 quickly reinforced ; that the men were too 
 much exhausted to risk a battle against a 
 superior force such as the enemy might be able 
 to assemble; that the wounded could better be 
 moved at once than at a later time, and espe 
 cially as General Reno had been ordered not 
 to risk a disaster. Therefore, it was deemed 
 prudent to retire, and between nine and ten 
 o clock at night, the men having been quietly 
 awakened by the first sergeants, the troops 
 began their journey back to the transports. 
 Some of the wounded, who were unable to ride 
 in army wagons, were left behind in charge of 
 Surgeon Warren, of the 2ist Massachusetts. 
 Chaplain Conway, of the Ninth, also remained 
 behind to assist the surgeon in his duties. His 
 careful attention and almost womanly kindness 
 and sympathy were greatly appreciated by the 
 wounded soldiers. 
 
 Soon after the battle and when the enemy 
 had retreated rain began falling. It gradu 
 ally increased as the evening advanced until at 
 
182 NIN IH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 ten o clock it was pouring in torrents. It 
 continued all night and as the men plodded on, 
 the roads, which in the morning they had found 
 thickly covered with choking dust, were now 
 deep in slippery mud. The soldiers slipped, 
 stumbled and plunged along in the darkness, 
 silent as to speech and melancholy as to spirits. 
 When a halt was ordered for a few moments 
 rest no consideration was given to water or 
 mud, but each man was glad to sink down where 
 he stood in the road, utterly indifferent to the 
 kind of resting place he found there. Soon 
 after daylight dull eyes were brightened by the 
 sight of Shantilly, near which the transports 
 were left, and the tired troops hustled aboard, 
 the Fourth Brigade having engaged the enemy 
 and marched over forty miles in heat, dust, 
 mud, darkness, and rain, all in about twenty- 
 six hours. 
 
 No time was lost in getting into bunks and 
 no case of insomnia is recorded, yet many a 
 rain-soaked soldier, ere his eyes closed in 
 slumber, thought of the fortunate sailor who 
 always has his house, bunk, blankets, and grub 
 with him, where moth and rust do not corrupt, 
 and where mud and rain do not break in and 
 permeate. 
 
 The transports did not reach Roanoke Island 
 until five o clock that afternoon. There was, 
 
RE TR OSPECTION. 183 
 
 therefore, some time forrest and for the drying 
 of clothing. The uniforms of the men were in a 
 lamentable condition from the clay gathered 
 on the long march, and could not be cleaned 
 until it dried. 
 
 With rest came opportunity for retrospection 
 not always pleasant after battle, when one s 
 intimates are among those lying stark on the 
 battlefield or among those nursing their wounds 
 in hospital or under the knife of the surgeon. 
 In this instance many of the w r ounded had been 
 left on the field, where, if they survived, they 
 were sure to fall into the hands of the enemy, 
 whose reputation for kind treatment was not 
 good. 
 
 In Company F was a number of Germans 
 who either tented together or in adjoining tents 
 or quarters. They formed quite a little colony, 
 and it pleased the other boys to allude to the 
 locality where the Germans were as " Dutch 
 Alley/ One of the members of Company F 
 was observed sitting on a gun-carriage, his 
 elbows on his knees and his chin in his hands, 
 ruminating, probably, on the incidents of the 
 fight. After moodily sitting in this position for 
 some moments he suddenly straightened up, 
 having apparently finished his cogitations, 
 heaved the usual sigh and remarked, almost 
 cheerfully : " Well, Dutch Alley got cleaned 
 
184 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 out, didn t it?" And Dutch Alley had been 
 cleaned out, for nearly every one of the 
 Germans had been either killed or wounded 
 in this battle. 
 
 It was curious to note the peculiarity of many 
 of the wounds received by the men in this 
 battle, as also the eccentric courses of some 
 of the missiles. One of the Zouaves retained 
 and brought back with him his musket which 
 had been struck twice during the engagement 
 One of the missiles struck and bent the bayonet 
 at a right angle to the barrel, and immediately 
 after the stock was struck and bent at the same 
 angle but in the opposite direction. Its 
 appearance was then best represented by the 
 letter Z. 
 
 Private Hartenfelts, of Company F, had both 
 his thumbs shot away at the second joint A 
 bullet entered the mouth of Private Kelly, 
 Company F, which probably struck his teeth 
 and was deflected thereby, and passed upward 
 through the nasal bones lodging between his 
 eyes. The bullet was extracted, the wound 
 healed, and he returned to duty, serving with 
 his company until the muster out of the regi 
 ment Eventually, however, although several 
 years after the close of the war, the wound 
 caused his death. 
 
 A bullet struck one of the men full on his 
 
RETURN TRIP TO ROANOKE ISLAND. 185 
 
 waist-belt plate, but although it was a heavy 
 blow and quite a shock no ill effects followed. 
 
 A briar-wood pipe carried in the trousers 
 pocket of Private Sloper, Company C, was 
 struck by a ball which was probably pretty 
 well spent of its force. Upon investigation, 
 Sloper found that he was not injured, but he 
 found the bullet lodged in the bowl of the pipe. 
 
 Many other instances are authentically, and 
 it is believed truthfully, told of peculiar wounds 
 and almost miraculous escapes. 
 
 On the return trip to Roanoke Island Sur 
 geon Humphrey was very busy performing 
 operations, dressing wounds, relieving the pain 
 of contusions, nursing the sick, giving here a 
 soothing potion, there a reassuring word of 
 encouragement. He seemed to be everywhere 
 at every moment, which if it was not so of his 
 physical presence, it was actually so of his in 
 fluence. His ministrations were, indeed, cease 
 less, nor would he rest until all were made 
 comfortable in their old quarters on terra firma. 
 
 The official record states that the total Union 
 loss of the battle of South Mills was one 
 hundred and twenty-seven, including thirteen 
 killed. Of these the Zouaves lost one officer 
 and seven enlisted men killed, seven officers 
 and fifty-four enlisted men wounded, and six 
 enlisted men missing ; making a total of sev- 
 
186 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 enty-five. This was nearly sixty per cent, of 
 the entire loss, and it was sustained in the 
 short period of about two minutes. 
 
 For a time after their return to Roanoke the 
 men were subdued and quiet. There was less 
 mischief and more philosophy. But young and 
 bouyant spirits could not mourn long, so a few 
 days saw the past buried and the Ninth was 
 itself again with the old exuberant spirit. 
 
 The following official reports from several 
 sources may prove of interest to the many 
 friends of the Zouaves. 
 
 Extracts from General Reno s report, April 
 22, 1862 : 
 
 "I proceeded from Newberne with the 2ist Massachusetts and 
 Pennsylvania to Roanoke, and was there joined by the gth and Sgth 
 New York and 6th New Hampshire. 
 
 " We proceeded directly to Elizabeth City and began disembarking 
 on the igth inst., at midnight, at a point about three miles below on the 
 east side of the river. By 3 A. M., Colonel Hawkins" brigade was 
 landed and ready to move. I ordered Hawkins to proceed at once to 
 South Mills for the purpose of making a demonstration on Norfolk. I 
 remained to bring up the 2ist Massachusetts and sist Pennsylvania, 
 they having been delayed by their vessels getting aground at the mouth 
 of the river. They came up at daylight and were landed by 7 A. M. 
 I proceeded directly toward South Mills, and about twelve miles out 
 met Hawkins brigade, who, it seems, lost his way either by the 
 treachery or incompetency of his guide, he having marched some ten 
 miles out of his way. 
 
 "As his men were very much jaded by their long march, I ordered 
 them to follow the second brigade. Proceeding about four miles 
 farther, to within one and one-half miles of South Mills, the rebels 
 opened upon us with artillery before my advance guard discovered 
 them. I immediately reconnoitered their position and found that they 
 were posted in an advantageous position, in a line perpendicular to 
 the road, their infantry in ditches, and their artillery commanding all 
 the direct approaches, their rear protected by a dense forest. 
 
RE NO S REPORT OF THE BA TTLE. 1 87 
 
 " I ordered the sist Pennsylvania to file to the right and pass over to 
 the edge of the woods, to turn their left, the 2ist Massachusetts to 
 pursue the same course, and, when Hawkins came up with his brigade, 
 I sent him with the gth and 8gth New York to their support. The 6th 
 New Hampshire were formed in line to the left of the road to support 
 our four pieces of artillery. 
 
 " Owing to the excessive fatigue of the men they could not reach 
 their position for some time. Meantime the enemy kept up a brisk 
 artillery fire which was gallantly responded to by Colonel Howard, of 
 the Coast Guard, who during the entire engagement displayed most 
 conspicuous gallantry, and rendered very efficient service both during 
 the action and upon the return, he bringing up the rear. 
 
 " Soon as the sist Pennsylvania and the 2ist Massachusetts had suc 
 ceeded in turning their left, they opened a brisk musketry fire, and 
 about the same time the gth New York, also coming into range and 
 being too eager to engage, unfortunately charged upon the enemy s 
 artillery. It was a most gallant charge, but they were exposed to a 
 most deadly fire of canister, grape and musketry, and were forced to 
 retire, but rallied immediately on the 8gth New York. I then ordered 
 both regiments to form a junction with the 2ist Massachusetts. Mean 
 time the sist Pennsylvania and 2ist Massachusetts kept up an inces 
 sant fire upon the rebels, who now had withdrawn their artillery and 
 had commenced to retire in good order. The 6th New Hampshire had 
 steadily advanced in line to the left of the road, and when within 
 about two hundred yards poured in a most deadly volley which com 
 pletely demoralized the enemy and finished the battle. Our men were 
 so completely fagged out by the intense heat and their long march that 
 we could not pursue them. The .men rested under arms in line of 
 battle until about 10 o clock P.M., when I ordered a return to our boats, 
 having accomplished the principal object of the expedition conveying 
 the idea that the entire Burnside expedition was marching upon Nor 
 folk. * * * * The return march was made in perfect order, and few, if 
 any stragglers were left behind. 
 
 " Considering that during the advance the weather was intensely hot, 
 and that a portion of the command had to march forty-five miles, the 
 other thirty-five miles, and fight a battle in the meantime, and that all 
 was accomplished in less than twenty-four hours, I think that the 
 commanding general has every reason to be satisfied with his command. 
 * * * * The enemy had from six to ten pieces of artillery, and from 
 i, 800 to 2,000 men." 
 
 Colonel Hawkins report was made to Burn- 
 side direct, dated April 21, 1862, and was as 
 follows : 
 
188 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 ROANOKE ISLAND, N. C. 
 
 "Sm: In accordance with orders from department headquarters, I, 
 on the 1 8th, at about n A.M., embarked on board of the transports 
 about 2,000 men of my brigade from the following regiments: gth New 
 York, 727; 8gth New York, 625; and 6th New Hampshire, 600. In this 
 force was included two boat guns belonging to Company K, gth New 
 York. About n o clock the same evening my brigade began landing at 
 a place opposite Kobb s Point, about four miles below Elizabeth City, 
 on the Pasquotank River. 
 
 " By 2.30 on the morning of the igth, the landing of my brigade had 
 been completed, including two field pieces from the steamer Virginia; 
 this through the water where it was more than knee deep, which the 
 men were compelled to wade. 
 
 "At 3 A.M. the whole brigade was on the march, and continued for 
 the next twelve hours on its weary way through a long circuitous route 
 of thirty-two miles, beneath the terrible heat of the sun, amid the con 
 stantly rising dust. 
 
 " At about 3 P.M. I succeeded in arriving in sight of the enemy s posi 
 tion with about one-half of the men who had commenced the march, 
 when we were immediately ordered into action, the 6th New Hamp 
 shire going to the left of the enemy s position, the gth and 8gth New 
 York going to the right through the woods to outflank the enemy on 
 each side. Up to this time the part of a battery from the gth New 
 York worked by Lieutenant Herbert, assisted by five men (the rest 
 having been worn out by fatigue), received and sustained the whole 
 fire of the enemy s battery. 
 
 " After marching about two miles through a swamp, covered with 
 thick undergrowth, I arrived within about three-eights of a mile of the 
 enemy s position, where they were concealed in the woods. After a 
 short tour of observation, I came to the conclusion that it would be 
 impossible to outflank them on the right, the undergrowth and swamp 
 being almost impenetrable. 
 
 "A charge through an open field directly in front of the enemy s 
 position was thought to be the only way in which they could be 
 dislodged. 
 
 "I then returned to where I had left the gth New York and found 
 them lying on the ground completely exhausted. I stated to the regi 
 ment what I proposed to do, and asked the men if they felt equal to 
 the task. Their answer was: We will try, Colonel, and follow wher 
 ever you may lead us. 
 
 "Immediately the command Forward was given, the gth New 
 York taking the lead, followed by the 8gth New York. We had pro 
 ceeded to within about 200 yards of the enemy s concealed position 
 when the gth New York received the full and direct fire from the 
 
COL ON EL HA WKINS RE FOR T. 189 
 
 enemy s infantry and batteries. This completely staggered the men, 
 who before were completely exhausted, and the order was given for 
 the regiment to turn to the right where it would be partly sheltered 
 from the fire. 
 
 "This order was executed but slowly. Soon after the 8gth began to 
 move forward supported by the gth New York, when the enemy 
 retreated. 
 
 "When this commenced the 6th New Hampshire poured a volley 
 into the right wing of the 3rd Georgia Volunteers, which completely 
 cut them to pieces. The troops then bivouacked upon the field until 
 10 P.M., when they were ordered to fall in and return to their transports. 
 It is seldom, if ever, that men have been called upon to perform so 
 much in so short a time as those who composed the fourth brigade 
 under my command. Marching fifty miles and fighting a battle all in 
 twenty-four hours, you will admit is no small undertaking, and this 
 was done without murmur or complaint. In the charge of the gth New 
 York that regiment lost, nine killed and fifty-six wounded. Among 
 the former was Lieut. Charles A. Gadsden, adjutant, who fell at the 
 head of his regiment. He was a kind, considerate man, and most 
 excellent soldier, and dies greatly lamented by all of his companions. 
 Colonel Howard, of the steamer Virginia, who was in command of 
 the artillery, has not yet made his report, consequently I am unable to 
 give any particulars concerning his part in the engagement, but believe 
 that he behaved with great coolness and bravery as well as all the 
 officers and men under him. Soon after the troops had returned to 
 Roanoke Island, the Rev. T. W. Conway, chaplain of the gth New 
 York, returned, bringing with him about fifty stragglers and some of 
 the wounded left behind on the field of battle. He remained to bury 
 the dead and to assist the wounded. On the morning of the 2oth he 
 started out to find the rebel pickets, and after going some distance he 
 was informed that the rebel pickets had left the night before reinforce 
 ments which they had received only a few moments before included 
 for Suffolk, thinking that our forces were by a flank movement getting 
 in their rear to cut them off; returned to the hospital by way of the 
 battle-field, where he counted thirty of the enemy s dead. 
 
 "After the dead were buried and the wounded, who could not be 
 brought away, cared for, all the stragglers who could be found armed 
 themselves and started for the place of debarkation and arrived here 
 in safety the next morning. 
 
 "Although the results of this expedition may seem disastrous on ac 
 count of the loss of life, still the reconnaissance cannot fail to be of 
 great value to you when connected with future operations. In justice 
 to other regiments I cannot say what I should like to about the officers 
 and men in my own, consequently would only say that all alike did 
 their duty faithfully and well . 
 
19O NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 " I regret to add that owing to our limited transportation we were 
 compelled to leave behind fourteen of our wounded in care of Dr. 
 Warren of the 2ist Massachusetts, two or three of whom were brought 
 away by the chaplain of the Ninth. 
 
 " I have to-day sent a flag of truce by Major Jardine, who was ac 
 companied by the surgeon, chaplain, and ten privates of the 9th New 
 York, for the purpose of bringing back the wounded and the bodies of 
 Lieutenant Gadsden and our dead who were buried on the field. 
 
 " Herewith you will find a complete list of the killed, wounded and 
 missing of the fourth brigade in the action of the igth. 
 
 " Respectfully, your obedient servant, 
 
 "RUSH C. HAWKINS, 
 
 " Colonel, Commanding Fourth Brigade and Post. 
 " MAJOR-GENERAL AMBROSE E. BURNSIDE, 
 
 " Commanding Dept. of North Carolina, Newberne, N. C." 
 
 As the above correspondence is from the 
 Official Records, we append the following 
 letter which is of interest and taken from the 
 same source : 
 
 "HEADQUARTERS, ROANOKE ISLAND, N. C., April 23, 1862. 
 
 "SiR: Doubtless the unfortunate occurrence of the igth has been 
 brought fully to your notice. No one can regret the result more than 
 myself. 
 
 "First, because of the loss of life ; second, the object of the expe 
 dition not being accomplished after all the obstacles in the way had 
 been removed. 
 
 " It seems that both sides were badly frightened. The enemy ran 
 like quarter-horses toward Norfolk, and we as fast as our weary legs 
 would carry us toward Roanoke, leaving quite a number of our 
 wounded and destroying the bridges behind us. In this connection I 
 will only add our retirement was discretion, our valor having been 
 wholly spent on the field of battle. There is one satisfaction that we 
 whipped them like the devil in their own well chosen position. 
 
 " They acknowledged to have had three companies of the Georgia 
 Third completely cut to pieces, and from this acknowledgment it is 
 but fair to infer their loss was much greater. Their force, as near as 
 I can ascertain, was the Georgia Third, 1,165 strong ; a battery of 
 Henningsen s artillery of four pieces, and some North Carolina Militia, 
 number not known, and a full squadron of Suffolk and Southampton 
 cavalry. This statement of the enemy s forces I believe to be very 
 nearly correct. I most cordially join in the recommendations of the 
 
OFFICIAL CORRESPONDENCE. 191 
 
 surgeons, that the wounded be removed North as soon as possible, and 
 that a steamer, made comfortable by the necessary beds, etc., be sent 
 here for that purpose at the earliest moment. They can be of no ser 
 vice here and will recover much more rapidly at the North, besides 
 relieving our surgeons, who are already worn out by their arduous 
 labors. 
 
 11 Owing to the little wound received in my left arm in the affair of 
 the igth I am compelled, by the advice of surgeons, to lay up in ordi 
 nary for repairs, much against my desire or inclination. They say it 
 will be eight weeks before I am fit for service. Under such circum 
 stances, being forbidden to perform any labor, I would ask for leave 
 of absence until such time as I am able to return to duty, which shall 
 be at the earliest possible moment. But, still, if you cannot spare me, 
 I will remain and render such service as I am able to perform lying on 
 my back. I know and can dictate what ought to be done. 
 
 " I should be very happy to see you here, as I have much to say to 
 you that I cannot write. Most faithfully your friend and servant, 
 
 "RUSH C. HAWKINS, 
 
 Commanding Post." 
 
CHAPTER VIII. 
 
 NINTH NEW YORK GARRISONS ROANOKE ISLAND RE 
 CREATION THE ORDER OF THE DAY PRACTICAL 
 USES OF CAPTURED POWDER COMPANY K S NEW 
 BATTERY TACTICS INNOCENTLY GETTING SQUARE 
 WITH THE COMPANY COOK TESTIMONIAL TO COL. 
 HAWKINS PARADE AND DRILL OF NINTH UNDER 
 COMMAND OF NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS NEW 
 RECRUITS TROUBLED WITH " LAPSY PALLS " CURED 
 BY SERGEANT HORNER LIEUTENANT FLUSSER, 
 U. S. N., CAPTURES PLYMOUTH AND COMPANY "F" 
 DETAILED TO GARRISON TOWN RUNAWAY SLAVES 
 RETURNED TO OWNER WESSEL S BRIGADE RE 
 LIEVES COMPANY "F," ENEMY ATTACK AND DE 
 FEAT WESSEL, RE-CAPTURE PLYMOUTH AND KILL 
 FLUSSER BURNSIDE LEAVES FOR FORT MONROE - 
 NINTH LEAVES ROANOKE FOR NORFOLK CAMP FOR 
 CONTRABANDS LOSSES OF BURNSIDE EXPEDITION. 
 
 AFTER the battle of South Mills and the 
 return of the regiment to Roanoke Island 
 the Zouaves were allowed a few days for rest 
 and recuperation, when they settled down for 
 what proved to be a protracted stay on this 
 isolated spot. The regular routine of drill was 
 not calculated to make them thoroughly con- 
 
RECREA TION SOUGHT FOR. 1 93 
 
 tented with the situation, and idleness fostered 
 the spirit of homesickness. The longing for 
 home was increased when the wounded re 
 turned from furlough and related the manner 
 in which they were received ; how everyone 
 considered them genuine heroes and treated 
 them as such, and no little heart-burning arose 
 when the tales were told, with somewhat of a 
 swagger, of the tender solicitude displayed by 
 their acquaintances of the opposite sex, who 
 never tired of hearing them repeat their experi 
 ences in Dixie. 
 
 It was decided that some radical departure 
 must be made to lift the lads out of the 
 " slough of despond " and make them forget 
 their loneliness. A reading-room and post 
 office was established, also a debating club 
 where regular meetings were held and numer 
 ous subjects discussed and argued. Several 
 baseball clubs were organized, while some of 
 the companies erected various kinds of gym 
 nastic apparatus, and much skill was shown in 
 the acrobatic feats which followed, while the 
 sparring and wrestling matches would have 
 delighted the eyes of a professional. 
 
 A further proof of the talent to be found in 
 the regiment, and which while not exactly " hid 
 under a bushel," was so modest as not to 
 attract general attention, was the success which 
 
194 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 attended the formation of " The Zouave Min 
 strel and Dramatic Club." 
 
 There was some doubts expressed at first re 
 garding the success of the projected undertak 
 ing, but no sooner had the determination to 
 have a show in camp taken definite shape than 
 it was discovered that there were plenty of men 
 in the regiment well qualified to fill every posi 
 tion in a theatrical company from that of 
 manager to stage doorkeeper. 
 
 The company was well chosen and well man 
 aged. Lieutenant-Colonel Kimball, who was 
 in command of the regiment at the time and 
 was heartily in favor of the project, assisted the 
 organizers in every way possible. A building 
 was assigned to them which, after a few enter 
 tainments had been given, was found to be en 
 tirely too small, and it was arranged to provide 
 them with a larger one, which after being fitted 
 up properly would accommodate five hundred 
 persons. This was soon transformed into a 
 very respectable theatre. 
 
 Robert L. Cutler, of Company D, was gen 
 eral manager as well as stage manager, and 
 also "went on" in some of the plays. He was 
 a man of versatile talents, and although little 
 more than a boy in years, had been connected 
 professionally with a Broadway theatrical com 
 pany before the war. He wrote a burlesque on 
 
THE "STARS" ON THE PROGRAMME. 19S 
 
 Richard III, in which he appeared in one of the 
 leading parts, and which proved to be a great 
 success. 
 
 The scene painter was G. W. Roberts, of 
 Company A, who belonged to a family of artists. 
 He is still, at this writing, a prominent scene 
 painter, as was also his father before him. Wil 
 bur F. Curtis, of Company B, was the orchestra 
 leader, and was as thoroughly devoted to his 
 work and fully as successful in his limited 
 sphere as though he were nightly receiving the 
 applause of Metropolitan audiences. 
 
 Among the other members of the company 
 were Andrew Thompson, of Company A, vocal 
 ist as well as actor, who was heard in many 
 songs, among them " Gently Breathe the Tender 
 Sigh," " Simon the Cellarer," etc.; William 
 Burns, of Company "K"; William Renner, of 
 Company F, whose proper name seemed to 
 have been forgotten by his comrades, and who 
 was known throughout the regiment, and even 
 appeared on the play-bill by his sobriquet of 
 " Corporal Casey"; Thomas Fisher, of Company 
 " B," the great and successful delineator of 
 female character parts, and who was known 
 among the men of the regiment as "Kate 
 Fisher"; Walter Nolan, of Company E, who 
 performed Irish characters and sang Irish 
 songs; Hospital Steward William Grobecker, 
 
196 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 Company A ; Sergeant Al. Salisbury, of Com 
 pany A, a member of the chorus, but who often 
 sang " The Boy with the Auburn Hair ;" James 
 Fitzgerald, of Company A, delighted the boys 
 with the ballad " The Southern Groves ;" Peter 
 L. Drew, of Company A, who was not only an 
 actor of some merit, but was a jig dancer who 
 had few equals ; Walter L. Thompson, of Com 
 pany I, who not only performed in the " legiti 
 mate drama," but was the " end man " in the 
 minstrel show ; Robert M. Johnston, Company 
 H, character singer and balladist, as well as 
 actor, who sang the character songs of " Lord 
 Lovell," "Billy Barlow," "Reuben Wright," 
 " Bacon and Greens," and the " Cork Leg," to 
 the great admiration of appreciative audiences ; 
 J. C. Julius Langbein, of Company B, better 
 known throughout the regiment as "Jennie the 
 drummer," appeared as "Mary" in an original 
 production entitled, " A Kiss in the Dark"; 
 Frank Mergarthaler, of Company A, who de 
 lighted the boys with his " Essence of Old 
 Virginny." 
 
 The " nigger " minstrel performance, which 
 was a part of the entertainment, also carried off 
 high honors, and will always be remembered 
 by the Roanoke survivors ; but the part of the 
 performances longest and most pleasantly 
 remembered by a majority of the regiment was 
 
PROCURING "PROPERTIES" UNDER DIFFICULTIES. 197 
 
 the singing by the quartette. This part of the 
 program was seldom omitted and was always 
 awaited with great interest. 
 
 The quartette as per programme, was com 
 posed of the following voices, 
 
 ROBERT M. JOHNSTON, . . FIRST TENOR. 
 JAMES FITZGERALD, . . SECOND TENOR. 
 
 ALEX. F. HAMILTON, .- . ALTO 
 ANDREW THOMPSON, . . BASS. 
 
 Each one of these comrades was the fortunate 
 possessor of a superior and well-trained voice, 
 and while none of them were professional 
 singers each one had been closely connected 
 with amateur musical societies, and were more 
 or less accustomed to appearing in public. In 
 the estimation of their comrades in the regi 
 ment none of them would lose anything by 
 comparison, either as a quartette or as soloists 
 with many of the greater lights of the profes 
 sional stage. 
 
 The question of procuring properties which 
 would enable them to make a proper presenta 
 tion of the various plays taxed the ingenuity of 
 the managers and the members of the company 
 to the utmost limit, but as necessity is the 
 mother of invention, it the necessity aforesaid 
 together with the ingenuity possessed, of 
 which there appeared to be an inexhaustible 
 supply, enabled them to overcome all difficulties. 
 
198 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 The apparent impossibility of procuring curled 
 hair for the wigs necessary for the minstrel 
 band had at the beginning almost brought them 
 to the verge of despair when an idea occurred 
 to one of them. It resulted in a sudden and 
 extraordinary interest being shown by certain 
 men in the regiment in the welfare and also the 
 personal appearance of the negroes about camp, 
 especially the ones with long wool. Mission 
 aries appeared among them preaching the gos 
 pel of cleanliness and neatness ; but every ex 
 hortation ended with advice against the wearing 
 of long hair. They were told of the many evils 
 attending such a practice and of the unhealth- 
 fulness of it, and as the exhorter removed his 
 own head covering and slapped his clean 
 shaven poll, he dilated on the comfort that 
 attended a close crop. All this was to try to 
 induce the darkies to sacrifice some of their 
 wool for the benefit of histrionic art. Little or 
 no progress was made until it was shown the 
 negroes by unassailable arguments that they 
 could never successfully aspire to be soldiers 
 while they wore long hair ; that all soldiers 
 wore their hair short, therefore, if they wished 
 to be soldiers they must do likewise. This 
 made a few converts, and some material for 
 wigs was forthcoming. It was necessary, how 
 ever, before the supply fully equalled the de- 
 
A SUCCESSFUL < SEASON. " 199 
 
 mand, to fall back to first principles and revive 
 Rob Roy s rule. The negroes who were the 
 owners of the kind of head covering coveted, 
 were kidnapped, carried to a squad-room, kept 
 quiet by dire threats, their wool deftly and 
 swiftly removed by a Zouave armed with a pair 
 of shears, and the shorn victims sent on their 
 way as bald as babies. In this way sufficient 
 wool was secured to finish the number of wigs 
 required. 
 
 When the theatre was first fitted up a private 
 box was not forgotten and one was built and 
 gayly decorated for the use of General Burnside 
 who, while on a tour of inspection on the island, 
 was invited to attend the play. The box was 
 afterward reserved for Colonel Hawkins and 
 Lieutenant-Colonel Kimball, or any visiting 
 officer of rank. 
 
 A regular admission fee was charged and 
 the "season" proved so successful that the 
 managers, after paying all expenses, placed as 
 a first contribution the sum of $364.00 in the 
 hands of Chaplain Conway, with instructions to 
 distribute the amount equitably among the 
 widows of the members of the regiment who 
 thus far had given their lives for their country. 
 Crowds came from all the camps on the island, 
 numbers frequently were turned away, and 
 many returned to camp in disappointment. 
 
2OO NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 The natives were simply astounded at the ease 
 and facility with which soldiers acted the 
 various parts. 
 
 The entertainments were given ordinarily 
 about once a week. To have given them more 
 frequently would have interfered too much 
 with the regular routine of the camp, and prop- 
 ably have been detrimental to discipline. 
 
 On the nights when the theatre was open it 
 was necessary for all visitors to be provided 
 with passes, for while the building was inside 
 the regimental guard line it was always after 
 tatoo before the performance ended and visitors 
 from outside, both citizens and soldiers, had to 
 be safely escorted out of camp by their indi 
 vidual hosts. However, " the largest liberty 
 compatible with law " was accorded to all who 
 were not on duty on those evenings. 
 
 Among the stores found on the island at the 
 time of the capture was a quantity of damaged 
 powder. This was not "taken up " by the or 
 dinance officer of the army, as it was considered 
 worthless for military purposes, but was per 
 mitted to remain in the magazine at Camp Reno, 
 and was cared for so that it did not further 
 deteriorate. It was afterwards the means of 
 furnishing a great deal of amusement as well 
 as instruction to the men of the regiment. 
 Considerable quantities of it were issued to 
 
PRACTICAL USES OF CAPTURED POWDER. 2O1 
 
 the several companies and sufficient good car 
 tridges were always found for target practice. 
 With these Company K was enabled to obtain 
 some valuable artillery experience, not only 
 with their own guns but also with the heavier 
 ones mounted on the forts. This was a great 
 saving of the precious government cartridges. 
 To discharge a government cartridge except 
 in battle was next in point of heniousness to 
 murder. In camp and on the march the men 
 were obliged to account for each cartridge 
 issued to them. If this was not done Uncle 
 Sam, who held company commanders person 
 ally responsible, would stop from their monthly 
 pay the money value of ammunition unac 
 counted for. Besides being of great service 
 much fun was provided the men. There were 
 improvised Fourth of July celebrations, mining 
 operations on the line of original ideas, and all 
 kinds of wild pranks. 
 
 Some of K s men organized a light battery 
 after a somewhat ingenious fashion. They pro 
 cured six wheelbarrows from the quartermaster, 
 and on each one fastened an old musket selected 
 from among the captured arms. Then, with an 
 active youth between the handles of each barrow, 
 to perform the part of a battery team, they would 
 occupy the parade ground between drills, and 
 give as fine an exhibition of light-battery drill 
 
202 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 and practice as could be desired. All their ev 
 olutions were performed in strict accordance 
 with artillery tactics, and they were always sure 
 of a good sized audience, who were quite gen 
 erous in their applause. 
 
 There was one occurrence in camp, in which 
 the captured cartridges played a prominent part 
 Just before dress-parade one evening, two pri 
 vates of Company G George Teller and John 
 Weaver were seen working industriously in 
 the middle of the company street, endeavoring 
 to reduce a large, knotty, live oak stump into 
 fragments of convenient size for their fireplace. 
 They worked away steadily until the bugle 
 sounded " first call " for parade, when they hur 
 ried to quarters, put on their equipments and 
 marched with the company to the " color line." 
 One suspicious circumstance in the manoeuvers 
 of the men was the carelessness with which they 
 left the stump in the street ; for, while it is said 
 " there is honor among thieves," in a camp 
 where fuel is scarce it is well understood that a 
 soldier has no compunctions of conscience, and, 
 considering this a case of abandoned property, 
 \vould promptly confiscate it, regardless of con 
 sequences. No sooner had the company left 
 the street for the parade ground than the com 
 pany cook, who had been secretly observing the 
 " stump-splitting " process, stealthily appropri- 
 
GETTING SQUARE WITH THE COOK. 2O3 
 
 ated the log, and to make sure that the rightful 
 owners should not wrest it from him on their 
 return and at the same time to destroy the evi 
 dence, placed it at once on his fire. Much to 
 the cook s \vonder, no inquiry for the log was 
 made after the parade was dismissed, and 
 neither of the owners appeared to be in a frenzy 
 of indignation over its loss, nor did they express 
 their ability to whip the man who had stolen 
 their property, which was the usual course pur 
 sued on the loss of anything of value. They 
 retired to their quarters, without comment 
 which led their comrades to believe almost 
 with awe that they were unable to find a 
 vocabulary violent enough to express their 
 feelings. Meanwhile the cook chuckled and 
 resumed his work. Sometime later the com 
 pany was aroused by a loud explosion, and, 
 rushing out to ascertain its cause, found the 
 street covered with pots, kettles, messpans 
 and other cooking utensils, splintered boards, 
 articles of food, etc., while beneath and among 
 it all lay the cook, half dead with fright and a 
 few injuries. The cook-house had completely 
 disappeared. 
 
 When Captain Jardine, in whose company the 
 affair occurred, heard the explosion, he was mys 
 tified for only a moment. Then he remembered 
 the two soldiers and the stump, and light 
 
204 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 dawned upon him. It seemed plain to him that 
 the explosion was caused by a loaded stick in 
 the cook s fire, and he at once ordered the dyna 
 miters to report at the guardhouse under arrest. 
 He made no inquiries and required no further 
 evidence to convince him that the whole affair 
 was an attempt to " get square " with the cook. 
 The men were kept some days in confinement, 
 but they both persistently asserted their inno 
 cence, and as the cook proved to be more fright 
 ened than hurt, nothing more was done about it 
 and they were liberated. Teller and Weaver 
 still maintain their innocence of any intention 
 to injure the cook. They relate that a hole was 
 bored in the stump, which was then loaded with 
 two cartridges. The fuse burned low and was 
 extinguished and could not be relighted. Other 
 means of splitting were tried and failed. Before 
 they could accomplish their object the bugle 
 called them away. Upon returning and finding 
 the stump missing, they decided to keep quiet 
 and await the explosion which would at once 
 discover the thief and punish him. 
 
 Probably the most interesting and practical 
 use to which the powder was applied was in 
 sham battles between Company K s battery and 
 the rest of the regiment. Several times these 
 occurred, and were not only realistic, but both 
 sides were familiarized with conditions which 
 
COMPANY OS EXPEDITION. 2O5 
 
 arise in most engagements. The charging in 
 fantry were made familiar with the flash and 
 concussion of artillery fire, while the battery- 
 men also became familiar with the appearance 
 of charging infantry. 
 
 In the early part of May information was re 
 ceived at headquarters that the rebels had a 
 large amount of stores, consisting of bacon, corn, 
 salt, flour, etc., collected at a point near Gates- 
 ville, and it was determined to destroy the same 
 if possible. Company C (Captain Parrison) 
 was detailed to perform the task, and on May 
 yth they embarked on the gunboat " Shaw- 
 sheen," Captain Underwood commanding, and 
 proceeded through Aibemarle Sound and up 
 the Chowan River to the mouth of Catherine s 
 Creek, which empties into the river near Holli- 
 day s Island. They proceeded cautiously up 
 the creek about two miles, being careful to con 
 ceal their lights, and about one o clock in the 
 morning landed in a densely wooded swamp, 
 through which they advanced silently, and suc 
 ceeded in effecting a complete surprise the 
 enemy scattering after making only slight 
 resistance. 
 
 The torch was applied and property of much 
 value destroyed. While returning to the gun 
 boat the rear guard, commanded by Lieutenant 
 Cooper, was attacked by about twenty-five of 
 
206 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 the enemy s cavalry. Parisen, returning to aid 
 Cooper, repulsed the rebels, one of their num 
 ber being shot through the heart. The Zouaves 
 arrived at Roanoke without further trouble. 
 
 About this time a proposition was made by 
 the sergeants of Company B to present some 
 kind of a testimonial to Colonel Hawkins. By 
 virtue of seniority in rank he was nearly 
 always in command of brigade or post, and 
 sometimes of both, but still, his first care was 
 always for the welfare of his own regiment. 
 He was watchful in protecting it from being 
 overlooked or neglected by commissary or 
 quartermasters department, energetic and 
 tireless in having it well clothed, and, in 
 camp, well fed. The men were all aware of 
 these attentions and desired in some man 
 ner to express their appreciation of them. 
 The subject had been somewhat agitated 
 throughout the regiment, but did not assume 
 definite shape until B s sergeants visited the 
 first sergeants of the other companies, and asked 
 each one to call a meeting of his company, 
 inform the men of the object and have them 
 appoint a committee to take action on the 
 matter. The plan met with general approval, 
 contributions were limited to a moderate 
 amount, and the enterprise reached a success 
 ful conclusion. It was understood that the 
 
THE SWORD PRESENTA TION. 2O7 
 
 participants should be only enlisted men. 
 Commissioned officers were not only excluded 
 but were to remain in ignorance of the movement 
 until the presentation was ready to take place, 
 and as there is little difficulty in withholding 
 secrets from regimental officers the latter part 
 of the agreement was successfully carried out. 
 
 The requisite money was quickly contributed 
 and forwarded to Judge Whiting, of New York, 
 with a request that he would purchase a hand 
 some dress sword, have a suitable inscription 
 engraved upon the scabbard, and express it to 
 the camp at his earliest convenience. Assistant- 
 Surgeon White, who had been enjoying a brief 
 leave of absence in New York, was about to 
 return to his regiment, when the Judge had the 
 good fortune to meet him and turned the sword 
 over to his custody. 
 
 Dr. White arrived at Roanoke on the Qth of 
 May, and delivered the box containing the 
 sword to the committee who had the affair in 
 charge. 
 
 The officers were informed, Colonel Hawkins 
 communicated with and requested to favor the 
 regiment with his presence at Camp Reno on 
 the afternoon of the succeeding Saturday. 
 Lieutenant-Colonel Kimball permitted the regi 
 ment to parade under command of Sergeant- 
 Major Dusenbury, with the companies com- 
 
2O8 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 manded by their respective first sergeants. 
 When the day arrived the regiment was duly 
 paraded, then formed in hollow square, and the 
 sword was presented by Private Reed, of Com 
 pany B, in an neat and appropriate address, the 
 Colonel accepting in a few feeling remarks 
 which showed how deeply he was touched by 
 this token of his men s gratitude. The cere 
 mony then ended, and the parade dismissed. 
 
 A notable feature of the presentation exer 
 cises and one which caused much comment and 
 excited general surprise, not only among the 
 regimental officers, but also among the many 
 visitors present, was the appearance of the regi 
 ment and the excellent manner in which it was 
 handled by the " non-coms." 
 
 The masterful way in which Dusenbury ma- 
 noeuvered the command, executing some intri 
 cate battalion movements before "forming 
 square," and the prompt and ready manner in 
 which the first sergeants handled their com 
 panies, was, to state it mildly, a revelation to 
 the officers, who gazed at one another in undis 
 guised astonishment, and the unwritten law of 
 the Zouaves, that " no man could be a corporal 
 unless he was fit to be a colonel," in this in 
 stance appeared not to have been mis-applied. 
 It should be remembered that a member of a 
 regiment, either enlisted man or officer, seldom 
 
A REVELATION TO THE OFFICERS. 2O9 
 
 has an opportunity to see his own regiment on 
 drill or parade. Only when on guard duty, or 
 some detailed or detached service, would such 
 an opportunity present itself. 
 
 In the present instance there was something 
 in addition to a feeling of gratification in the 
 breasts of captains and lieutenants in observing 
 their own regiment. There was a sense of 
 amazement that these non-coms, who had been 
 drilled and disciplined, watched over, and, so 
 to speak, held in a leash, and who were still 
 considered pupils, could drill the regiment in 
 such a correct and ready manner, and as one 
 captain expressed himself to another, "just as 
 well as we can." The men noticed the looks 
 of surprise among the officers, and knowing 
 the cause w T ere correspondingly elated. 
 
 Regiments in active service in the field, are 
 constantly losing men in addition to those 
 lost by the casualties of battle. Some persons 
 are more susceptible to disease than others. 
 More or less sickness always occurs in camp. 
 The recovery of some of the sick men is slow 
 and tedious, while others become completely 
 broken down in health and continue for a long 
 time unfit for active duty. With either class it is 
 far better for themselves and for the cause in 
 which they are enlisted, that they be discharged 
 and their places filled by others more able to 
 
21O NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 withstand the hardships of a soldier s life, and 
 all conscientious and patriotic surgeons recom 
 mend this mode of procedure. Recruits are 
 constantly being sent to the front to refill these 
 vacancies ; regiments with the best reputations 
 for soldierly or fighting qualities being thus 
 continually augmented through their entire 
 term of service. When the recruit arrives in 
 camp he is received in a friendly spirit, and 
 should he bring with him a goodly share of 
 bounty money, and is fond of the good old 
 old game of " draw," he is treated with tender 
 consideration until his money has been trans 
 ferred to the pockets of the older and more 
 experienced campaigners, and all are glad that 
 he joined the regiment. His verdancy speedily 
 disappears with the tuition he experiences and 
 he becomes a good soldier. At first he may be 
 a little troublesome and inclined to be insubor 
 dinate, for in some instances he imagines he 
 left all constituted authorities behind when he 
 put on his uniform and started to join the regi 
 ment, but alas, how quickly that impression is 
 removed, though in his mind he may for a time 
 resent the quiet, unquestioning way in which 
 older soldiers obey all commands. If a bully, 
 he endeavors, and quite often succeeds, in work 
 ing up the other recruits to revolt against, 
 " these fellows with stripes on their arms who 
 
A DISTURBING ELEMENT. 21 1 
 
 go around bossing everybody, 1 and thus 
 foments to unnecessary disturbance, but extra 
 fatigue or guard, with a tour of duty on a 
 wooden horse or with a weighted knapsack or 
 the novel position assumed by being bucked and 
 gagged never fails to eliminate that feeling. In 
 the " Ninth " the non-coms, under supervision 
 of the first sergeants attended to all details of 
 military life in their respective companies, the 
 commissioned officers having advanced beyond 
 that condition. Should a first sergeant prove 
 incompetent to take care of his men, clothe, 
 feed, drill and control them, it was not difficult 
 to depose him and fill his place with one who 
 possessed all these requisites. One of the duties 
 of the first sergeant was to take charge of 
 recruits assigned to his company and make 
 soldiers of them. 
 
 This was generally accomplished without 
 much friction, but in case of a bully appearing 
 among them, each sergeant employed methods 
 of his own toward him which he deemed 
 especially applicable to the situation. On one 
 occasion during the early days at Roanoke, a 
 squad of recruits assigned to Company D, 
 contained a member who seemed determined 
 to create trouble. He did not propose to sur 
 render his cognomen of " bad man," without a 
 struggle. His natural assurance enabled him 
 
212 NINTH REGIMEN J, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 to continue an influence already established 
 over his comrades, and organize an attempt to 
 destroy the discipline of the company. The 
 design was to cover the first-sergeant with 
 shame and mortification, by openly disregard 
 ing the proprieties which governed military 
 custom, and which the sergeant felt in duty 
 bound to enforce. 
 
 The first morning after the squad arrived in 
 camp, "sick-call" sounded and the first-sergeant 
 presented himself at the place where the ailing 
 men were accustomed to assemble and be 
 marched to the surgeon s quarters, when he 
 found in addition to those actually ill, every one 
 of the recruits lined up, the embryo mutineer 
 at their head, ready for business. At that time 
 the first-sergeant of D, was one James B. 
 Horner, a good soldier, a strict disciplinarian, 
 but not blessed with an angelic temper. A 
 characteristic of his, well known throughout the 
 regiment, was a decided lack of patience. He 
 grasped the situation and the meaning of it all 
 at a glance, saw but one way out of the dilem 
 ma, which appeared to him the right way. He 
 believed there was but one time to solve a 
 problem and that was the present. The 
 moment he noticed the crowd of recruits ready 
 to answer "sick-call," he prepared for action. 
 To say that he was angry, feebly expressed it. 
 
CURING A NE W DISEASE. 2 1 3 
 
 Giving one glance along the line, he stepped 
 up to the ring-leader on the right, and calmly 
 asked: " What s the matter with you? Why 
 do you wish to see the surgeon?" The man 
 replied with a leer; "I ve got the lapsy palls," 
 with further remarks which are unprintable, 
 but which were grossly offensive and insulting. 
 The sergeant quietly leaning his musket 
 against the nearest tent-pole, said : " You 
 needn t go to the doctor for that, I can attend 
 to your case myself," and before the recruit had 
 time to think or move, Horner " lit on him," 
 and so sudden and unlocked for was the attack, 
 and so vigorously and industriously maintained 
 that the recruit was taken completely by sur 
 prise and in a moment was in such a condition 
 that his dearest friends would have found it 
 difficult to recognize him, and before he could 
 fully realize what had occured, he was on the 
 way to the guard-house. Horner now fixed 
 his not very gentle gaze on the next man, and 
 with finger pointed at him like a poised javelin, 
 asked savagely : " What s the matter with you ? " 
 The man backed away with hands partly raised 
 as though to protect his face, and stammered 
 out something about not meaning any harm, 
 that the other fellow asked them to " fall in " as 
 a joke on the sergeant, and more to the same 
 effect, when he was cut short by Horner saying: 
 
214 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 "Get to your quarters or I ll murder you," and 
 when he looked round for the other pretended 
 sick men of the squad they had disappeared. 
 That "lapsy pall" disease was not again on the 
 list of maladies, and there was no more trouble 
 with that batch of recruits; they moved along 
 quietly, did their duty and obeyed orders, the 
 matter never after being referred to. 
 
 It must not be supposed from the above that 
 physical force was generally employed in ex 
 acting military obedience in the Qth New York. 
 It was in strict opposition to the Rules of Ser 
 vice and also contrary to regimental orders for 
 a non-commissioned officer to strike a soldier 
 of whatever rank, particularly a private. Seldom 
 or never was this resorted to except when a 
 non-com, had become irritated and aggravated 
 beyond endurance by acts, which, though not 
 strictly overt, were nevertheless of such a char 
 acter as to injure discipline and tend to destroy 
 authority, and which gave the officer an oppor 
 tunity (If he possessed sufficient courage and 
 the physical qualities) to successfully redress 
 his own grievances. 
 
 After the evacuation of Norfolk by the enemy, 
 Colonel Hawkins had urged upon the depart 
 ment the importance of opening the Dismal 
 Swamp canal to Norfolk, by which route a 
 twenty-four hour communication between Fort- 
 
REOPENING THE CANAL. 215 
 
 ress Monroe and Newberne would be secured 
 and the dangers of the outside route around 
 Hatteras avoided. The authorities decided to 
 act on his suggestions and in the latter part 
 of May Professor Malifert, who had been 
 the first person to successfully conduct sub 
 marine blasting operations, arrived for the 
 purpose of superintending the work of remov 
 ing the obstructions from North river and the 
 canal. 
 
 The steamer " Port Royal," with a detail and 
 two guns from Company K, under Captain 
 Whiting and Lieutenant Morris, was assigned 
 to protect the working party. This was made 
 up of one hundred contrabands from the island 
 in charge of Sergeant Thompson of Company I. 
 Very little opposition was encountered by them 
 and the undertaking was successfully accom 
 plished, all obstructions being removed, the 
 abandoned rebel fortifications destroyed, and an 
 unobstructed and direct waterway secured 
 between General Burnside s forces and the north. 
 
 On the morning of May 20, the "Port Royal" 
 completed the first trip through the canal and 
 arrived at Fortress Monroe, carrying dispatches 
 direct from General Burnside to General Wool, 
 and the work was accomplished. 
 
 Captain Whiting, with the detail from Com 
 pany K, continued to keep the communication 
 
216 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 open during the month of June, after which they 
 were relieved and returned to the regiment. 
 
 The men of the regiment who were so fortu 
 nate as to take part in the expedition to open 
 the canal enjoyed a new and interesting exper 
 ience in thus penetrating the heart of the mys 
 terious " Dismal." Vivid object lessons in 
 relatio*n to certain phases of the " peculiar insti 
 tution " were brought forcibly to their notice by 
 the occasional appearance of fugitive slaves 
 among the working party. These men, five of 
 whom appeared while the detail were in the 
 canal, had been living in the swamp for years ; 
 they presented themselves fearlessly and asked 
 to be permitted to join the party. There was 
 no hesitation nor distrust. They had evidently 
 received full information regarding the situation 
 by that unexplained and mysterious system used 
 for spreading information, known only to them 
 selves and which no white man has yet been 
 able to discover. It was all like a page from 
 " Uncle Tom s Cabin." 
 
 They were received without question and 
 became part of the working force, and afterward 
 returned with the party to Roanoke Island. 
 
 One of the fugitives informed Sergeant 
 Thompson that he had escaped from his master 
 in the year 1855, had succeeded in baffling the 
 bloodhounds, and had lived in the swamp ever 
 since seven years. 
 
COMPANY F AT PL YMO UTH. 2 1 7 
 
 Early in the month of June the town of 
 Plymouth on the Roanoke river was captured 
 by the fleet and held by the naval forces until 
 the 1 5th, when after inspecting the place, it 
 was decided to hold it permanently, if pos 
 sible, and Company F was detached from 
 the regiment for this purpose, remaining as 
 garrison of the town until the following Decem 
 ber. 
 
 Plymouth at that time was a city of much 
 importance, being a port of entry with a large 
 trade in lumber, shingles, naval stores, etc., but 
 w r hen first occupied by Company F, had been 
 almost deserted by its inhabitants. A dwelling- 
 house of sufficient capacity to accommodate the 
 rank and file was levied on for quarters for the 
 company while the officers were provided with a 
 smaller one near at hand. Permission having 
 been granted to Colonel Hawkins to enlist loyal 
 North Carolinians for service with the Union 
 troops, and organize them into companies or 
 regiments as he deemed best, equipments suffi 
 cient for a regiment each of infantry and cavalry 
 were issued to him for that purpose. 
 
 The custom house was again taken possession 
 of by the Government, and was utilized as a 
 depot for military and naval supplies. In a 
 short time the town became a busy little military 
 post, garrisoned by one company whose captain 
 
218 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 (Hammill) commanded the post, Lieut. H. C. 
 Perley the troops, while Lieut. M. J. Graham 
 composed the entire staff of quartermaster, com 
 missary and ordinance officer. 
 
 The surrounding country being held by the 
 enemy the greatest vigilance was at all times 
 observed. A heavy picket guard was continu 
 ously on duty, causing the details therefor to 
 follow in turn with such frequency that it was 
 far from agreeable. 
 
 This duty, however, was considerably light 
 ened as soon as the " Yokels "(as the boys dubbed 
 the new North Carolina recruits) had received 
 sufficient instruction and drill to warrant detail 
 ing them for such service. The Union fleet, con 
 sisting of improvised small gunboats, had its 
 permanent rendezvous in the river fronting the 
 town and was commanded by Lieut-Com 
 mander Charles E. Flusser, an exceptionally 
 energetic and efficient officer. Frequent expe 
 ditions were sent into the adjacent country, 
 with the special object of capturing detachments 
 of the enemy or destroying collections of mili 
 tary supplies ; at other times on a simple 
 reconnaissance to locate the enemy and gain 
 from the loyal inhabitants, whose fathers and 
 brothers were serving with the Union army, any 
 information they had been able to gather concern 
 ing the operations of the enemy, and which occa- 
 
" PUT OUT YOUR FENDERS MR. L YNCH." 2 1 9 
 
 sionally proved of much value. These expedi 
 tions were generally ordered by Flusser, who 
 was ranking officer at the post, and the available 
 number of soldiers being limited, were fre 
 quently largely composed of sailors from the 
 fleet. Flusser was continuously on the alert, 
 constantly striving to advance the interest of 
 the cause in which he was enlisted. He 
 was known in the navy to be of unflinching 
 courage, clear and correct in judgment, and was 
 looked upon by both soldiers and sailors as the 
 coming Nelson of the war. His men never 
 tired of repeating the account of their fight up 
 the Chowan river, when they rammed, and 
 boarded the gunboat which was flying the flag 
 of the rebel Commodore Lynch, who had been 
 Flusser s commander before the war, when 
 upon closing in on the Commodore, Flusser, 
 who was forward at the head of his boarders, 
 removed his cap and shaking it toward the 
 enemy, shouted : " Put out your fenders, Mr. 
 Lynch, I m coming alongside," then rammed 
 and boarded, and in five minutes had captured 
 the enemy ; but not his old commander, how 
 ever, who had escaped. 
 
 Occasionally Company F would come in con 
 tact with the enemy while on these scouts, but 
 their casualties were few. In two instances 
 they went up the river on the gunboats in 
 
22O NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 attempts to capture or destroy the nearly com 
 pleted rebel ram " Albemarle," but on both occa 
 sions unforeseen circumstances prevented suc 
 cess in the design. On the whole, garrison life at 
 Plymouth was more congenial and pleasant to 
 the men of Company F than any previous experi 
 ence. The town was of considerable size and 
 although at first practically deserted, shortly 
 afterwards contained quite a colony, the inhabit 
 ants returning and refugees, both white and 
 black, coming in from the neighboring country. 
 
 The sailors passed their days of "shore leave" 
 in town, and fraternized with the soldiers, while 
 both having considerable money, created quite 
 a lively trade in the place which was increased 
 as the citizens returned. The public market 
 reopened, some of the merchants resumed busi 
 ness, and the general outlook for prosperity was 
 gratifying to the inhabitants. The treatment 
 of the black refugees by the post-commander 
 created much feeling among the men of the 
 company, and only the restraints of discipline 
 and the personal popularity of Captain Hammill 
 prevented serious consequences to him. 
 
 Several unpleasant incidents occurred in con 
 nection with runaway slaves of which we recount 
 the following : Two negro men escaped from their 
 master and sought protection within the lines. 
 The owner followed them to Plymouth, reques- 
 
SURRENDER OF FUGITIVE SLA VES. 22 1 
 
 ted and was granted permission from Hammill 
 to recover and take away his property. On 
 finding them he tied their wrists together with 
 one end of a rope, leading them through the 
 streets by the other end, as a farmer might lead 
 cattle to market. On the way to the dock 
 where his boat lay, he was compelled to pass 
 the guard-house of the regiment, and the sight 
 of the shackled colored men was an unpleasant 
 one for the eyes of northern soldiers. Clark 
 Wright, who was corporal of the guard that 
 day, was unable to control his indignation at 
 the spectacle, and taking out his pocket-knife 
 quickly cut the rope and told the negroes to 
 run. They, without a moment s hesitation, did 
 so, conforming to the scriptural injunction, 
 and quickly disappeared. Shameful to relate, 
 they were recaptured by Hammill s authority 
 and assistance, and restored to the owner. 
 Corporal Wright was reduced to the ranks for 
 his part in aiding the escape. 
 
 In the fall of 1862 a large force was organ 
 ized at Newberne under General Foster, with 
 the intention of capturing Tarboro, Little 
 Washington, and other important strategic 
 points in that portion of North Carolina. 
 Company F joined the column upon its arrival 
 at Plymouth, and, because of its familiarity 
 with the country, was placed in the advance as 
 
222 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 skirmishers, and held that position without 
 once being relieved during the entire march 
 to Tarboro, returning to Plymouth after the 
 completion of the movement This occupation 
 of the country by Foster afforded an oppor 
 tunity for the company to rejoin the regiment, 
 and in November, it was relieved by Wessel s 
 brigade of Foster s command, and after a 
 tedious roundabout journey via Newberne, 
 Baltimore and Washington, and after a six 
 months separation rejoined the regiment in 
 front of Fredericksburg, where it again took its 
 place in line. No fatted calf was killed on the 
 return of the company, but the best the regiment 
 had (hard tack and coffee) was passed around 
 amid general rejoicing. 
 
 One week after Company F left Plymouth 
 the place was attacked simultaneously by land 
 and water. Wessels was defeated, and the 
 town re-captured. The steamer "Albemarle" 
 attacked the Union fleet, and Flusser was 
 killed by the rebound of one of his own shells. 
 The "Southfield" was sunk, the remainder of the 
 fleet was temporarily scattered, and Plymouth 
 and its surroundings were once more in the 
 hands of the enemy, while general demoraliza 
 tion was felt everywhere. 
 
 About this time great anxiety was felt and 
 great activity prevailed in higher military circles, 
 
PREPARING FOR A MOVE. 223 
 
 owing to the precarious position then occupied 
 by the Army of the Potomac. 
 
 On the 8th of June, 1862, General Burnside 
 passed through the Dismal Swamp canal on 
 his way to Fortress Monroe for the purpose of 
 consultation with General Dix. He arrived 
 the following day, and at Secretary of War 
 Stanton s suggestion visited General McClel- 
 lan s headquarters, where he remained some 
 six hours, then returned to his own department. 
 
 June 24th, in reply to a dispatch from 
 McClellan, Burnside answered that in five days 
 he could land a force of 7,000 infantry in 
 Norfolk, ready for transportation to White 
 House landing, but without wagons, camp 
 equipage, artillery or cavalry, or in the same 
 time he could place at a point on the Chowan 
 river with a view to co-operation in an attack on 
 Petersburg, 7,000 infantry, 12 pieces of artillery, 
 3 companies of cavalry, and sufficient wagons 
 for ammunition and 5 days subsistence; could 
 move on Weldon with the same force, or on 
 Goldsborough at 60 hours notice with 10,000 
 infantry, 20 pieces artillery, and 5 companies of 
 cavalry. 
 
 The next day McClellan telegraphed Burn- 
 side, that reports had been received stating 
 that Jackson s forces were coming to Rich 
 mond, and part of Beauregard s had already 
 
224 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 arrived, and for Burnside to advance on 
 Goldsborough with all his available force at 
 the earliest practicable moment, and wished 
 him to understand that every minute in this 
 crisis was of the greatest importance. He was 
 urged to reach Goldsborough as soon as 
 possible, destroying all the railroad communi 
 cations toward Richmond that he could, and if 
 possible destroy bridges on the Raleigh and 
 Gaston R. R., and threaten Raleigh. President 
 Lincoln had previously telegraphed Burnside: 
 " I think you had better go with any reinforce 
 ments you can spare to General McClellan." 
 
 At 3 o clock A.M., July ist, the Ninth moved 
 to Pork Point in heavy marching order, boarded 
 schooners which were towed by the " Ocean 
 Wave ? down Pamlico Sound to the mouth of 
 Neuse river, where they were met by a steamer 
 bringing orders for them to return to Roanoke, 
 " the object of the expedition having been ac 
 complished." The Ninth reached Roanoke the 
 following evening. 
 
 On July 3d Burnside at Newberne tele 
 graphed McClellan that he had embarked 7,000 
 infantry and was on the way to join him, when 
 he met a messenger informing him of McClel- 
 lan s important successes before Richmond, 
 which, if true, would render it unnecessary for 
 him to join McClellan. 
 
REINFORCEMENTS FOR McCLELLAN. 225 
 
 He brought his fleet to anchor and sent a 
 steamer through to Norfolk to ascertain the ex 
 act state of affairs, while he held himself in 
 readiness to move in any direction. The same 
 day Burnside telegraphed Stanton that in 
 accordance with the latter s suggestion, he 
 had embarked 7,000 men and was proceeding to 
 the point designated by Stanton when he met a 
 dispatch from Colonel Hawkins, commanding 
 at Roanoke, stating there was information from 
 Fortress Monroe of some very important suc 
 cesses to our arms in front of Richmond, w;hich 
 if true, rendered his proceeding further unnec 
 essary. He had come to anchor and sent a 
 messenger to Norfolk to ascertain the exact 
 facts. 
 
 On July 2d, 6 P.M., Hawkins sent the follow 
 ing message from Roanoke Island to General 
 Dix: 
 
 " General Dix I wish you would telegraph immediately to President 
 Lincoln if he has any orders other than the last sent some three days 
 ago for General Burnside. 
 
 "We are almost ready to move in obedience to that order. If 
 Richmond be taken the President may wish to change his instructions. 
 Please give me General McClellan s position when last heard from . 
 Please return dispatch-boat immediately, as the news which it brings 
 will, I think, govern the operations in this department." 
 
 On July 3d, 3 P.M., General Dix forwarded 
 this dispatch to Secretary Stanton with these 
 comments : 
 
 " I have just received the following dispatch from Colonel Hawkins: " 
 " I do not quite understand why General Burnside should not have 
 
226 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 sent it in his own "name, if it comes from or is authorized by him. The 
 officer who brought it says Colonel Hawkins sent it with the assurance 
 that General Burnside would approve it." 
 
 The same date Stanton sent Hawkins through 
 Dix: 
 
 "Richmond not taken. General McClellan has been compelled to 
 fall back to Harrison s Bar on James." 
 
 " It is the opinion of the President, and he so directs, that General 
 Burnside in person, with all the infantry force he can spare, move by 
 way of Hampton Roads and the James, to General McClellan s head 
 quarters to reinforce him immediately." 
 
 On the same date General Dix telegraphed : 
 
 "The President: Soon after sending you Colonel Hawkins dis 
 patch I received from General McClellan an order to General Burnside 
 to bring on all the troops he could spare. I sent it off immediately 
 with a. letter from myself, describing to General Burnside the position 
 of General McClellan s army. The steamer having gone I cannot send 
 your dispatch to Colonel Hawkins until morning. I will do so then if 
 you desire it." 
 
 July 5th, Burnside sent word to Stanton that 
 his dispatch-boat sent for information to Nor 
 folk had not yet returned, and adds : 
 
 " In the meantime we hear most startling rumors of disasters to 
 General McClellan s army, which are in sad contrast to the dispatch 
 from Colonel Hawkins on Roanoke Island on the night of the 2d inst., 
 and announced himself ready to move in any direction." 
 
 Stanton replied at once : 
 
 " The department has no further orders to give but hopes you will 
 with all speed reach General McClellan with as large a force as 
 possible." 
 
 At 4:40 P.M., Burnside reported he had 
 reached Fortress Monroe with nearly 8,000 
 good men, and would leave as soon as the 
 bulk of the command arrived, and was told to 
 remain until the President, then on the way, 
 
"WHERE IGNORANCE IS BLISS." 227 
 
 reached the fort. General Foster was left in 
 charge of the Department of North Carolina. 
 
 The regiment as a whole was in blissful 
 ignorance of the exact military situation here 
 shown, and, of course, had no knowledge 
 of these flying telegrams or hurried prepa 
 rations, and it is not remembered now that 
 the men were even aware that the greater 
 portion of the corps was already in Vir 
 ginia. Consequently they kept on in the 
 even tenor of their way. 
 
 Fourth of July was celebrated by firing salutes 
 from Forts Foster and Parke, and reading the 
 Declaration of Independence ; after which the 
 day was devoted to all kinds of sport and 
 amusement one specially notable feature being 
 a fantastic parade in the afternoon, when Com 
 pany K gave a fine exhibition of light artillery 
 drill with their wheelbarrow battery, which was 
 warmly applauded by the enthusiastic spec 
 tators. 
 
 One extremely interesting feature of the stay 
 at Roanoke was the " Contraband Camp." 
 When the news of the capture of the island 
 spread among the slaves on the adjacent main 
 land they commenced getting their belongings 
 together, and leaving homes and masters to 
 flock to the Union camp, searching for that free 
 dom of which they had so long dreamed. 
 
228 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 Nearly every night one or more boat-loads of 
 slaves landed on the beach and were taken 
 in charge by the guard. This was an ex 
 tremely dangerous proceeding for escaping 
 slaves, and would have been considered heroic 
 bravery had they been white men. No sooner 
 had the danger of pursuit and capture by wrath 
 ful owners abated, and the peril of the watery 
 journey been overcome, than a new danger, de 
 manding the greatest caution, presented itself. 
 They were obliged to approach a strange shore 
 in the darkness of night, where the sentinels 
 were keenly alert for the approach of an enemy, 
 especially by water. The flapping of sails or 
 the sound of oars from the water was naturally 
 accepted by the picket guard to denote an at 
 tempted night attack and surprise, and their 
 faculties were doubly keen, and they were ready 
 to at once lire in the direction of the sound, 
 should their challenge not be promptly and sat 
 isfactorily responded to. To the soldier s hoarse 
 challenge of " Who goes there?" would come 
 an answering chorus of screams from the women 
 and children, with shouts from the men of 
 " Don t shoot, massa sojer ! don t shoot ! We s 
 only po niggahs ! " and similar assurances of 
 friendliness, which meant much more of uncer 
 tainty to the sentinel than the refugees knew. 
 For how could the sentinel know that this was 
 
ARRIVAL OF FUGITIVE SLA VES. 229 
 
 not a ruse employed by the enemy? They 
 were, however, seldom or never fired upon, but 
 permitted to land, though kept under guard 
 until daylight, when they were marched to head 
 quarters and proper disposition made of them 
 by the commanding officer. The mingled terror 
 and joy exhibited by the slaves was enough to 
 melt the heart of the most unsympathetic. In 
 their efforts to gain their freedom they had 
 risked death at the hands of the very men 
 from whom they sought protection. They did 
 not know whether or not they would be re 
 turned to their former masters or be retained by 
 new and unknown owners simply exchanging 
 one bondage for another. They were of all 
 shades of color and degrees of breed, from the 
 full-blood, short-wooled African to almost pure 
 white. They came in such numbers to this 
 camp that it was soon found necessary to make 
 special provision for sheltering, feeding and 
 controlling them, as well as for using their labor. 
 On February 2Oth, 1862, an order was issued, 
 detailing Serg t. Walter L. Thompson, of Com 
 pany I, " to organize and care for contrabands 
 within this military district." Sergeant Thomp 
 son at once assumed control of all the 
 straggling contrabands on the island. The 
 nucleus of his camp was the twenty-seven per 
 sons who had been left by the rebels when the 
 
23O NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 place was captured. All others, scattered about 
 the island, were gathered together, and these, 
 with the numbers constantly arriving by boats 
 from the adjacent mainland, counting men, 
 women and children, numbered two hundred 
 and fifty, by the ist of April. In three months 
 the black refugees reached the number of one 
 thousand. The able-bodied males were em 
 ployed in every kind of labor made necessary 
 by the conditions existing in the military depart 
 ment. They did the greater part of the heavy 
 work of the Quartermaster s Department, un 
 loading, handling and housing provisions, for 
 age, ammunition and the various other stores 
 necessary for the maintenance of the army. A 
 large number were put at work on a new fort 
 which was being erected on the island, to mount 
 nine guns, and which was to be named Fort 
 Burnside. 
 
 While employed the men were paid the regular 
 per diem wages of ordinary hired laborers. To 
 those unable to work at such employment as the 
 government had to offer, rations were issued and 
 shelter provided. Thompson proved himself a 
 most efficient officer and was very successful in 
 his administration of his negro colony. He 
 soon secured perfect control of all his subjects, 
 male and female. The female portion proved 
 the most difficult to manage. Fights among the 
 
ASSISTANCE FOR NE WBERNE. 23 1 
 
 women were a common occurrence and were, in 
 a majority of cases, caused by jealousy over the 
 attentions of some one or other of the dusky 
 dandies of the camp. 
 
 The sergeant was known in the regiment and 
 by the soldiers generally, as " Niggardier Gen 
 eral Thompson." He was a busy man during 
 the stay on Roanoke. 
 
 When Newberne was besieged by the enemy 
 and General Foster sent an urgent appeal for 
 aid to assist in throwing up intrenchments and 
 breastworks to protect the city, Sergeant 
 Thompson responded so promptly that in six 
 hours after the receipt of the order to furnish 
 the labor, he was on board the steamer " Ocean 
 Wave " on his way to Newberne with three- 
 hundred able-bodied men with their families. 
 He left them there working like beavers on the 
 defenses and the place was not taken. 
 
 It is needless to say that the " Niggardier" 
 was looked upon by the negroes under his 
 command as a big man. He, to them, was the 
 visible representation and embodiment of au 
 thority. He fed and clothed them, praised and 
 punished. 
 
 It is related that at a time when there was to 
 be a general inspection of the camp by Colonel 
 Hawkins, who was in command of the post, a 
 number of the negroes happened to be present 
 when he arrived to perform that duty. 
 
232 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 The full dress uniform for commissioned offi 
 cers of the regiment was modeled after the 
 French fashion, and, like the French officers, the 
 rank was designated by various convolutions of 
 gold lace on the sleeve, extending from the wrist 
 to the elbow. Now the Colonel being a remark 
 ably fine looking man, even without any extre 
 ornamentation, was simply gorgeous in his 
 handsome uniform, with gold laced red cap and 
 six bands of lace on his sleeves and would 
 have attracted attention anywhere and from 
 anybody. 
 
 One of the darkies, a newcomer, upon catching 
 sight of the Colonel, seized his nearest neighbor, 
 a veteran of the camp, by the arm and stam 
 mered in an awe-struck voice : "Who, who dat 
 ar man wid all dat gold on his sleebe?" The 
 other, who knew who the Colonel was, replied 
 very consequentially: " Dat de gin ral ob all 
 dese yer Zourabs. Dat de highest up man on 
 de Island." That statement appeared to un 
 settle, in a measure, some former ideas of rank 
 and power apparently held by the recruit, for he 
 inquired timidly: "Am dat ar gin ral ob de 
 Zourabs a bigger man dan Massa Thompson?" 
 The other turned on him with scorn and con 
 tempt in both voice and manner, and by way of 
 reply asked: "Who feed you nigger? Whar 
 you git yo blankets from ? Who git yo de 
 
UPHOLDING THE DIGNITY OF RANK. 233 
 
 money for yo wo k ? Does dis yer gin ral of de 
 Zourabs gib it to yo , or does Massa Thompson 
 gib it to yo? Go way nigga yo mak me tired." 
 Of course the other negro slunk away, no doubt 
 feeling that he had been properly rebuked for 
 permitting himself to doubt for a moment that 
 Massa Thompson was the " biggest " man on the 
 Island. 
 
 A certain class of officers in the service during 
 the war (which may be said to be also true of 
 certain others yet in the army), found considera 
 ble difficulty in maintaining a degree of dignity 
 satisfactory to themselves without using all 
 the accessories possible, the most noticeable 
 being the constant attendance of an orderly, 
 both in season and out of season. Thompson, 
 who held the rank of Niggardier-General, not 
 to be outdone by his fellow officers of high 
 rank, felt called upon to do the same. It was 
 suspected, however, that there was a little sly 
 humor in this and that probably he had in mind 
 Burns lines 
 
 " Oh ! wad some power the giftie gie us 
 To see oursel s as ithers see us," etc. 
 
 But be that as it may, he was followed on all 
 occasions of ceremony and when visiting head 
 quarters for orders, or on ordinary duty, by his 
 orderly. This individual was a diminutive negro 
 about seven or eight years old, and small for that 
 
234 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 age. The sergeant had him fitted out with a 
 complete Zouave uniform, fez included, and 
 had trained him to follow at a distance of two 
 or three paces, and to conform to every move 
 ment of his chief like a bugler to his command 
 ing officer on drill or in action. It was a source 
 of great amusement to the men to see the per 
 formances of the little darkey orderly. When 
 Thompson moved the orderly moved, and 
 when Thompson stopped the orderly halted 
 like a well-trained soldier. If it became neces 
 sary to stop to converse with acquaintances, to 
 report to a superior officer, or for any other 
 purpose, the first thing the sergeant did was to 
 turn quickly and look sternly at the orderly, 
 who would cast a quick upward glance at him 
 exactly like that of a trained dog. Thompson 
 would say sharply: "Salute the gentlemen! 
 What do I keep you for?" when the little fellow 
 would execute the military salute with a pre 
 cision and dignity equal to the showiest drum- 
 major in the army. 
 
 On the afternoon of a scorching day, July 
 loth, final orders were received to leave Roa- 
 noke Island, and it proved to be a departure 
 for all time. No doubt there were a variety of 
 sensations in the breast of the soldiers as they 
 tramped with well filled knapsacks through the 
 hot sand to the transports. The vessels quickly 
 
FAREWELL TO ROANOKE ISLAND. 235 
 
 got up anchor and sailed for Norfolk, Va. The 
 troops arrived early on the I2th inst, landing 
 and making camp within a stone s throw of Old 
 Fort Norfolk. 
 
 The boys parted from Roanoke Island with 
 many regrets, for while an inconvenient place, 
 in the sense that it required a long time to 
 receive a letter from home, still there were many 
 pleasant memories connected with their stay 
 there. It was there they saw their first severe 
 active service, and where they had so conducted 
 themselves as to earn favorable comments from 
 the several generals in command. For their 
 conduct there they had received the plaudits 
 of the Northern press. The pictorial weeklies 
 had emblazoned their celebrated bayonet charge 
 both far and wide, which illustrations had 
 been copied in some of the foreign illustrated 
 periodicals, while artists had embraced the sub 
 ject in their studies. 
 
 Before closing this chapter which ends the 
 career of the regiment in North Carolina, it 
 may be interesting to mention some of the fruits 
 of the victories gained by the Burnside expe 
 dition. 
 
 At Roanoke Island : 4 forts mounting 29 
 guns; 3 rebel gunboats destroyed by the fleet; 
 4,000 prisoners with their arms and equipments 
 
286 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 and a stragetical position which commanded 
 both the North Carolina Sounds. 
 
 At Newberne : 9 forts mounting 41 heavy 
 guns; over two miles of intrenchments with 19 
 field pieces in position, and 6 32-pdrs., un 
 mounted; over 300 prisoners and more than 
 1,000 stand of small arms ; tents and barracks 
 for 10,000 troops; large amounts of army sup 
 plies and naval stores, and the control of the 
 second commercial city of North Carolina. 
 
 Fort Macon, with 67 guns and over 500 prison 
 ers. 
 
 The Union losses were comparatively small 
 when the great result attained by them is con 
 sidered. 
 
 At Roanoke Island the Union losses were : 
 Army, 37 killed, 214 wounded, 13 missing; 
 total, 264. 
 
 Navy, 3 killed, IT wounded; total, 14. 
 
 Confederate loss not ascertained. 
 
 At South Mills or Camden, Union loss: 13 
 killed, 101 wounded, 13 missing; total, 127. 
 
 Confederate loss: 6 killed, 19 wounded, 3 
 missing; total, 28. 
 
 At Newberne the Union losses were : 90 
 killed, 380 wounded, i missing; total, 471. 
 
 Confederate loss : 64 killed, 2 1 4 wounded, 4 1 3 
 captured and missing; total, 578. 
 
FRUITS OF THE BURNSIDE EXPEDITION. 237 
 
 At Fort Macon : 9 killed, 25 wounded on both 
 sides. 
 
 Truly Gen. Burnside was not vain-glorious 
 when, on leaving the department, he said : 
 
 " The Burnside expedition has passed into 
 history. Its record we can be proud of. No 
 body of troops ever had more difficulties to over 
 come in the same space of time. Its perils were 
 both by land and water. Defeat never befell it. 
 No gun was lost by it. Its experience was a 
 succession of honorable victories." 
 
CHAPTER IX. 
 
 FAREWELL TO ROANOKE ISLAND ARRIVAL AT OLD 
 FORT NORFOLK, VA. OFF FOR FORTRESS MONROE- 
 ARRIVAL AT FALMOUTH, VA. DRILLS AND DRESS 
 PARADES A PROMINENT FEATURE RUMORS OF 
 DISASTER ARMY DESERTS FREDERICKSBURG AND 
 DESTROYS STORES POPE S CAMPAIGN AND DIS 
 ASTROUS FAILURE McCLELLAN AGAIN IN COM 
 MAND OF ARMY OF THE POTOMAC DISORDER IN 
 WASHINGTON CAMP AT MERIDIAN HILL OFF 
 FOR THE MARYLAND CAMPAIGN DESCRIPTION 
 OF MARCH SKIRMISHES WITH THE ENEMY ARRI 
 VAL AT FREDERICK CITY, MD. HOSPITALITY OF 
 INHABITANTS FIRE IN JAIL ON TO ANTIETAM - 
 BATTLE OF SOUTH MOUNTAIN COOLNESS OF 
 MAJOR JARDINE UNDER FIRE DEATH OF GENERAL 
 RENO AND COMMENTS ON HIS SOLDIERLY QUALI 
 TIESARRIVAL NEAR ANTIETAM NIGHT BEFORE 
 THE BATTLE. 
 
 THE route from Roanoke Island to Norfolk 
 lay through Croatan Sound and North 
 River, to and through the Dismal Swamp 
 Canal and Elizabeth river. The journey was 
 full of interest to the Zouaves, many of 
 whom were entirely unacquainted with the 
 sights and sounds of that strange region. 
 Owing to the shallow water of the Dismal 
 Swamp Canal, [the transports stopped at its 
 
THE JOURNEY TO NORFOLK. 239 
 
 headwater and the troops were transferred to 
 vessels of lesser draught which were to be towed 
 through the canal by tugboats. The human heart 
 is always profoundly moved by the majesty 
 of silence. The faculties of the mind are 
 more keenly alert and the emotions more re 
 sponsive at the midnight hour than during the 
 hum of busy noon. Thus when the world- 
 famed Dismal Swamp was entered new enotions 
 were put into life set at liberty, so to speak. 
 
 " Silence! coeval with eternity! 
 Thou wert ere nature s self began to be." 
 
 To the northern soldiers all was new and 
 strange and they also were silent. The boats 
 glided weird and ghost-like through the dark 
 water, "amid the ancient forests of a land mild, 
 gloomy, magnificently grand," and when a 
 comrade s attention was desired 
 
 " The tongue moved gently first, and speech was low." 
 
 The straight columns of the cypresses towered 
 far above, their gnarled roots, rugged and but 
 tress-like where they showed above the water. 
 Clinging to them were whisks and festoons of 
 Spanish moss contrasting beautifully against 
 the darker hue of trunk and branches. And 
 now the boats seem to stand still, while troop 
 ing toward them came holly, juniper, cotton- 
 gum, and sweet-bay scattered thickly among 
 the lordly cypress. A species of bamboo-cane 
 
24O NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 grew profusely, its graceful stems bending over 
 the brown water, or standing stiffly erect in 
 small huddling crowds. On the dry ridges 
 were beech, and oak and through the over 
 hanging foliage the light struggled down sub 
 dued and soft as through cathedral windows. 
 Nor was it indeed utterly desolate and voice 
 less. Occasionally the sweet notes of a song 
 bird filtered through the trees or a startled gray 
 crane, with discordant cry, flapped heavily 
 upward from the water. Blue heron were 
 sometimes seen, but quickly disappeared down 
 the long vista before, or darted into a familiar 
 bayou out of sight and danger. 
 
 On one occasion a solitary negro appeared 
 upon the elevated bank of the canal, and stared 
 in open-mouthed wonder at the troops as they 
 passed in slow review before him. To the many 
 questions and salutations hurled at him he re 
 turned no answer, but gazed in speechless 
 astonishment at the gliding boats and their armed 
 and uniformed passengers. Long after the flo 
 tilla had passed he remained on the bank, 
 motionless as a statue, until the intervening 
 foliage hid him from view. Speculation ran high 
 among the more romantic and imaginative of the 
 men as to who he was and where he came from. 
 Had he escaped from a cruel master to liberty 
 and a home in the great dismal swamp? Had 
 
THE ARRIVAL A T NORFOLK. 24 1 
 
 he eluded the overseer and baffled the blood 
 hounds ? Was he alone in this solitude ? Was 
 his habitation near ? How did he subsist ? Was 
 he still a slave or was he merely a "free nigger" 
 engaged in the regular occupation of shingle 
 making ? Some of the boys were by this time 
 about ready to expect Tom Moore s ghostly 
 Indian maiden with her white canoe and fire-fly 
 lamp. 
 
 Altogether the journey through the swamp 
 was a pleasant experience, which for novelty and 
 instruction could scarcely be surpassed. It was 
 greatly enjoyed by all. 
 
 On the morning of July i2th, the vessels ar 
 rived at their destination, and the regiment, dis 
 embarking, went into camp at old Fort Norfolk. 
 They remained at Norfolk about a month, the 
 time being passed, as usual, in the execution of 
 drills and parades. 
 
 It was at Norfolk that the increased number 
 of visitors at dress parade first became noticeable. 
 Many visiting soldiers, officers, as well as privates, 
 were sure to grace the occasion of that ceremony 
 with their presence. Some of the New York 
 militia regiments who had responded to the 
 President s call for thirty day troops, were then 
 stationed at Fortress Monroe. They were eager 
 to observe the Zouaves at drill, and many ob 
 tained passes and visited old Fort Norfolk for 
 that purpose. 
 
242 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 The color line of the regiment was on ground 
 recently cleared of trees, the stumps being left 
 still standing. This was the cause of much dis 
 tress of mind to all the troops men and officers 
 alike, as the difficulty of marching or carrying 
 out any movement among the obstructing 
 stumps was very great. It was, nevertheless, 
 the best of practice, and taught the men to pre 
 serve alignment with great precision under bet 
 ter or ordinary conditions. The manner in 
 which the various companies moved out of their 
 respective streets at the adjutant s call was a 
 sight much appreciated by the visitors, judging 
 by the generous applause bestowed each 
 
 evening. 
 
 The old smooth-bore muskets with which the 
 men were originally armed, and which were 
 known among them as "Columbiads," were 
 here turned in and the new Springfields issued 
 in their stead, much to the delight of everyone, 
 from the colonel to the drummer boys. The 
 Springfields were far handsomer in appearance, 
 weighed less, and, as the calibre was smaller, 
 the ammunition was lighter, the latter being a 
 matter of no small importance. 
 
 On July 24th, tents were struck, and the 
 Ninth, with its camp equipage, embarked on the 
 steamer " C. S. Terry," during a driving rain. 
 The destination was Newport News, which was 
 
BACK AT NEWPORT NEWS. 243 
 
 reached about noon of the same day. The road 
 here was lined with encampments of other 
 regiments, past which the Ninth was obliged to 
 march. The distinctive dress of the Zouaves 
 disclosed their identity to the others at once, 
 many of whom viewed them for the first time. 
 Their reputation for tried and seasoned 
 soldiers, however, had evidently preceded them 
 for their passage was a continuous ovation. On 
 a bluff near the James river, not far from the 
 camp which it first occupied, the regiment 
 halted and raised its tents. Ten days later 
 (Sunday, August 3d) the regiment again broke 
 camp in another drenching rain and boarded 
 the steamer " New York/ which in the after 
 noon carried them away to join the army of the 
 Potomac. After a delay of about five hours at 
 Fortress Monroe, the steamer proceeded at 9 
 o clock P.M., up the now famous Potomac river 
 reaching Acquia Creek about 10 o clock the 
 next forenoon. On .the following day (August 
 5th) the soldiers were transferred to the steamer 
 "Columbia/ 1 bound for Brent s Point, where 
 they arrived about noon and boarded a railway 
 train for Falmouth Station. Falmouth Station 
 was on the Stafford side of the Rappahannock 
 opposite the City of Fredricksburg, which could 
 be plainly seen from the camp. Here the regi 
 ment pitched its tents and named the place 
 Camp Parke, after its brigade-commander. 
 
244 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 A detachment of one hundred men which had 
 been left at Roanoke to pack up and guard the 
 surplus stores left behind by the regiment, 
 arrived on August 8th, under command of 
 Captain Graham, bringing also the regimental 
 uniforms. 
 
 Knapsack drills were now the order of the day, 
 but the Ninth showed they could maintain their 
 perfect drill under any conditions. 
 
 The regimental band had been re-organized 
 and enlarged and the members clothed in new 
 uniforms. Under the excellent leadership of 
 Mr. Wallace, of New York City, their music 
 was of a high order and their appearance 
 decidedly attractive. 
 
 The proficiency of the regiment in all matters 
 pertaining to the duties of a soldier was shown 
 in its complete mastery of military details. 
 Guard mounting and guard duty, discipline, 
 style and finish in the performance of the 
 manual of arms, promptness and accuracy in 
 the fulfillment of camp duties, and especially 
 the efficiency of battalion drills and dress 
 parades, very quickly attracted the attention 
 of the members of neighboring regiments. 
 Soldiers off duty, and occasionally officers, 
 began to notice the drills and parades, and 
 they evidently spread the report among their 
 comrades, for the audiences began to swell 
 
VISITORS AT DRILL AND PARADE. 245 
 
 daily until the parade ground was lined with 
 a large crowd ere the parade began. Horse. 
 and foot came from all directions to view the 
 Zouaves. In pleasant weather enlisted men 
 by the hundred, mounted officers by the score, 
 and even generals did not disdain to carefully 
 scrutinize the movements. It is recalled with 
 pride that General McClellan, who was at 
 Fredericksburg for several days just previous to 
 the withdrawal of the corps to Washington, was 
 present with his staff on more than one occa 
 sion. The members of the regiment did not 
 fail to notice the interest shown by the other 
 troops and the resulting pride tended to 
 strengthen their esprit de corps and assisted 
 them to maintain their high standard. 
 
 The foregoing is not written with an intention 
 to exaggerate, nor with a boastful spirit. 
 Doubtless, there are still many of those specta 
 tors living at this writing who could vouch for 
 its historical truth. To the little company of 
 survivors of the regiment, however, these 
 statements are known not to be exaggerations, 
 and they, through the instrumentality of this 
 small history, assure their relatives and friends 
 of its truth. 
 
 The details for picket duty on the Orange 
 Court House, Culpepper, and other roads 
 leading from the city into the enemy s country, 
 consisted of entire regiments. 
 
246 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 When the Zouaves were detailed they always 
 paraded in full dress uniforms, headed by the 
 band with its new instruments, and led by 
 Drum-Major Wiley, who was most gorgeously 
 arrayed ; and their progress through the city, 
 which was as though marching on review, 
 attracted universal attention. 
 
 There is little doubt that the appearance of a 
 genuine Yankee regiment, in full dress, with 
 colors flying, and band playing, had its effect 
 upon the inhabitants of Fredericksburg. 
 
 On August 1 2th, Company H was sent to 
 guard Potomac Creek Bridge, and on the i4th, 
 Lieutenant Herbert was detached with a force 
 of twenty-nine men and two guns from Battery 
 K, with orders to break up a rebel ferry, which 
 was being operated some miles down the river. 
 Embarking on the steamer " Cooper s Point," 
 he hurried down the Rappahannock river to the 
 ferry, the affair being managed so skillfully and 
 secretly as to prove a complete surprise. After 
 a brief conflict the detachment captured thirteen 
 of the enemy with their side-arms, a quantity of 
 baggage, and four horses, and after destroying 
 all means of transportation at the ferry, returned 
 safely without the loss of a man. 
 
 At this time news was received of the 
 crushing defeat of the army under Pope, and 
 the invasion of Maryland by Lee s forces; and 
 
UiVEASINESS A r F FREDERICKSB URG. 247 
 
 General McClellan was once more placed in 
 command of the Army of the Potomac. 
 
 Some days before this rumors were circulated 
 that bodies of troops had repeatedly been 
 detached from the army and sent towards the 
 right, up the Rappahannock. 
 
 Reports were also rife about battles having 
 been fought to the northwest of Fredericks- 
 burg with varying results, and finally that the 
 enemy had defeated Sigel and broken through 
 the Union lines away towards the right. 
 
 Great activity was also observed among the 
 higher officers connected with headquarters, and 
 the soldiers soon manifested a restless and 
 uneasy feeling, which could not be well defined 
 or described. 
 
 It was not the same uneasiness which soldiers 
 usually exhibited on the eve of a battle, but was 
 more like the effect of a belief that some import 
 ant movement had resulted in failure, and that 
 defeat and disaster were impending; still there 
 was nothing tangible on which to base such a 
 belief, beyond the mysterious camp rumors 
 prevailing. It was an epidemic of uneasiness 
 and unrest. 
 
 Marching orders at last came to their relief, 
 attended with great haste and consequent 
 confusion. As the Zouaves moved from camp 
 and marched over the hills near Falmouth, on 
 
248 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS, 
 
 the evening of August 3ist, the sky reflected 
 several large fires in as many different por 
 tions of the city. The troops intuitively recog 
 nized this as the destruction of stores and im 
 pedimenta which could not be saved for lack of 
 time. The regiment took up the line of march 
 which, though only fifteen miles long, will 
 never be forgotten while the participants live. 
 A furious rain storm had raged all the previous 
 night while on picket, and the men with every 
 thing in their possession, excepting muskets and 
 cartridges, were thoroughly soaked. Under 
 any and all conditions these latter must be 
 protected from injury. Tents were struck in the 
 mud, and all regimental property which could 
 not be carried on an active campaign was 
 securely and strongly packed for storage. 
 
 Here the theatrical properties and scenery 
 which had been gotten up, or acquired while at 
 Roanoke Island, had to be abandoned for lack 
 of transportation. They had been carefully 
 guarded and cared for by the men during the 
 migrations of the regiment subsequent to the 
 departure from that station, in the hope that an 
 opportunity might present itself to again start 
 the theatre, but at last they had to be left to the 
 tender mercies of the " Rebs." Many a laugh 
 was afterward indulged in by the men at the 
 thought of how astonished the Johnnies must 
 
THE MARCH TO ACQUIA CREEK. 249 
 
 have been at coming into possession of such 
 strange looking articles, and the way in which 
 they must have stared at them and wondered 
 and guessed at their uses. 
 
 The breaking up of a camp involves an im 
 mense amount of labor, and as this work was 
 begun the instant the regiment was relieved 
 from picket no opportunity occurred for " clean 
 ing up " or drying clothes and blankets. The 
 additional weight of soaked blankets to the 
 knapsacks was a most trying burden to carry 
 even on good roads. 
 
 At 6 P.M., the Zouaves moved forward on the 
 road for Acquia Creek, and the night soon en 
 closed them in pitchy darkness. The rough and 
 hilly roads, muddy and slippery from the recent 
 rains, with occasional swollen streams to ford 
 made marching almost intolerable. At last, 
 about 5 A.M., weary, worn, blistered and bleeding, 
 they reached the landing, and after a little delay 
 marched about four miles to the bluffs over 
 looking the river where they bivouacked in 
 line of battle to act as a support for the artillery 
 there stationed and to cover the embarkation of 
 the other troops. 
 
 In company with other commands they re 
 mained on the hills for two days, destitute of 
 tents or rations, until the remainder of the army, 
 with all stores and camp equipage, had embarked 
 on transports. 
 
250 NINTH REGIMEN ], NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 On the 4th they marched back to the landing, 
 and at 8 P.M., boarded the " Louisiana," bound 
 for Washington, arriving there at 10 o clock the 
 next forenoon. Notwithstanding that large 
 numbers of troops had recently passed through 
 that city, the inhabitants still showed their 
 appreciation of a perfect company front, and 
 the Zouaves brisk change of manual while 
 marching called forth frequent applause. After 
 marching a few miles beyond the city limits 
 they bivouacked on Meridian Hill. 
 
 While in bivouac here and owing to the 
 humid days and cool nights, accompanied by 
 heavy dews, and the fact that the regiment was 
 without tents, the men suffered severely. Soon, 
 however, marching orders were received and 
 preparations made for an arduous campaign. 
 
 On September yth Colonel Hawkins received 
 leave of absence and, turning over the com 
 mand of his brigade to Colonel Fairchild, de 
 parted for New York City, regretting that it 
 was obligatory for him to leave the army at 
 the commencement of a new and what proved 
 to be a most important campaign. The Ninth 
 Corps now became incorporated with the Army 
 of the Potomac, and the Zouaves won new and 
 unfading laurels through their historic charge 
 on the desperate field of Antietam. 
 
 It may be as well to state that by reason of this 
 
WHAT FOLLOWED THE PENINSULAR CAMPAIGN. 251 
 
 leave of absence the ist Brigade, 3d Division, 
 9th Corps, then officially known as " Hawkins 
 Brigade," now became " Fairchild s Brigade," 
 and it was so kno\vn and designated in all offi 
 cial reports and accounts of movements and 
 battles which occurred during this most im 
 portant campaign. 
 
 The Army of the Potomac in its campaign 
 up the Peninsular had met with reverses in 
 front of Richmond, and retreated to Harrison s 
 Landing on the James river. In the meantime 
 Major-General John Pope had been called from 
 his successful campaign in the West, and placed 
 in general command of the armies of McDowell, 
 Fremont and Banks, although he was junior 
 in rank to the other three generals. 
 
 The purpose of this united command was to 
 make a demonstration toward Gordonsville and 
 Charlottesville and thus draw off part of Lee s 
 forces from McClellan s front. 
 
 On June 26th (which was the second day of 
 the "Seven Days Fight") President Lincoln 
 issued an order calling this command the "Army 
 of Virginia." 
 
 Early in July Jackson s corps was detached 
 from Lee s army confronting McClellan at Har 
 rison s Landing, and on the igth of that month 
 was at Gordonsville confronting Pope, while 
 
252 NIN IH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 Stuart s rebel cavalry division was sent toward 
 Fredericksburg to watch the movements of the 
 Union forces from that direction. During his 
 operations on the Virginia Peninsular McClel- 
 lan received nearly 160,000 men. When Pres 
 ident Lincoln reviewed the army at Harrison s 
 Landing on July yth, he saw only 86,000, the 
 remainder having been removed by disease or 
 casualties on the field, fully 50,000 being victims 
 of malaria and fever. The President and his 
 cabinet now decided that an older and wiser 
 soldier should be placed at the head of all the 
 Federal armies, and as Gen. Henry Wager 
 Halleck had shown ability in the west, he was 
 summoned to Washington, and on July nth 
 appointed commander-in-chief. 
 
 Mr. Stanton, Secretary of War, strenuously 
 opposed this appointment but was over-ruled. 
 
 On July 30th, Halleck ordered McClellan to 
 send away his sick as rapidly as possible, and 
 telegraphed him August 3d : " It is determined 
 to withdraw your army from the Peninsular to 
 Acquia Creek. You will take immediate meas 
 ures to effect this." . . . 
 
 McClellan protested against this movement, 
 as did Generals Dix, Burnside and Sumner, but 
 without effect. August I3th Longstreet s whole 
 corps was sent to join Jackson at Gordonsville, 
 to which place he had fallen back from Cedar 
 
POPE S DEFEA T AT MAN ASS AS. 263 
 
 Mountain, and these forces were commanded by 
 Lee in person. This left nothing but D. H. 
 Hill s corps confronting McClellan, who, had 
 he been permitted, might possibly have taken 
 Richmond with very little resistance. 
 
 The first of McClellan s troops arrived at 
 Acquia Creek within seven days, and the last 
 of the infantry within twenty-six days after the 
 receipt of Halleck s order. 
 
 Before the majority of these troops could 
 reach Pope he abandoned his line on the Rap- 
 pahannock to concentrate his whole force in the 
 direction of VVarrenton and Gainesville, to con 
 front the enemy who were rapidly marching to 
 his right. 
 
 Jackson, passing through Thoroughfare Gap, 
 reached Manassas Junction in the rear of Pope, 
 and between him and Washington, overcoming 
 the small force left to guard the large quanti 
 ties of supplies gathered there. These he 
 destroyed, while Stuart struck Catlett s Sta 
 tion, thirty-five miles from Washington, where 
 were most of the Federal wagon trains, and 
 destroyed what he could not carry off, the 
 feat being a peculiarly daring and effec 
 tive one. Jackson made this wonderful march 
 of fifty-six miles over difficult roads in the short 
 space of thirty-six hours. These disasters were 
 followed by the second battle of Bull Run, in 
 
254 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 which Pope was disastrously defeated, and his 
 army stampeded toward Washington in as 
 great disorder as in the first Bull Run ; in fact 
 all communication between Pope and Wash 
 ington was cut off from August 26th until the 
 30th. The greatest panic prevailed in Wash 
 ington, and its early capture by the Confeder 
 ates w r as greatly feared, and yet it was defended 
 by an army of 110,000 men, for in addition to 
 Pope s army, which was falling back, there were 
 40,000 veterans standing before the lines who 
 had not fired a shot in the campaign ; behind 
 the lines 30,000 good men of the garrisons and 
 the reserves, two-thirds of whom were veterans 
 in discipline though untried in battle. 
 
 General McClellan and staff rode into the city 
 on the morning of September 2d, as one writer 
 says : " Through an innumerable herd of strag 
 glers, mingled with an endless stream of wagons 
 and ambulances, urged on by uncontrollable 
 teamsters, which presently poured into Washing 
 ton, overflowed it, took possession of its streets 
 and public places and held high orgie." 
 
 Disorder reigned unchecked and confusion 
 was everywhere. 
 
 The clerks in the departments, many of 
 whom had been hurried toward the front to do 
 service as nurses, were now hastily formed into 
 companies and battalions for defense. The 
 
THE MAR J L AND CAMPAIGN. 255 
 
 Government ordered the arms and ammunition 
 at the arsenal and the money in the treasury 
 to be shipped to New York, and the banks 
 followed the example. A gunboat, with steam 
 up, lay in the river off the White House, as if 
 to announce to the army and the inhabitants 
 the impending flight of the administration. It 
 was at this juncture that the President, on his 
 own responsibility, once more charged General 
 McClellan with the defense of the capitol. On 
 the afternoon of the yth (Lee s army having 
 disappeared from in front of Washington) 
 87,000 men were in motion, and General 
 McClellan set out for Rockville to put himself 
 at their head, leaving 73,000 men, 120 field- 
 pieces, and about 500 heavy guns in position, 
 or nearly one-half of McClellan s entire army. 
 General Lee, his army flushed with victories, 
 had begun an invasion of the North by way of 
 Maryland. 
 
 Moving from Meridian Hill on the morning 
 of the 7th of September, the Ninth proceeded 
 some ten miles and went into bivouac. On 
 the following day shelter tents were issued to 
 the men. On the morning of the gth reveille 
 was sounded at three o clock, and at sunrise 
 march was resumed. A march of twelve miles 
 brought the regiment to Brookville at 1 1 A.M., 
 where it rested until 5 P.M., and once more 
 
256 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 took the road until 10 P.M., having made an 
 additional ten miles and camped near Laytons- 
 ville. The movement continued the follow 
 ing day in the direction of [Frederick, but 
 after travelling some four miles the regi 
 ment was ordered to retrace its steps to its last 
 camp where it remained until 9 A.M., of the 
 nth. Again starting for Frederick it passed 
 Damascus at 1.30 P.M, and at five o clock 
 camped near Ridgeville, after a fifteen-mile 
 march. 
 
 Thus far the campaign had been of a pleas 
 ant nature, the weather had been fine, the 
 absence of the accustomed mud being espe 
 cially noticeable, and all were in high spirits. 
 The troops were in what appeared to be a 
 friendly country, and in comparison with the 
 Virginia they had seen, a beautiful one. The 
 soldiers sauntered Jalong leisurely enjoying the 
 rural scenes and the pleasing sight of men 
 pursuing their daily vocations, while women 
 and children stood in doorways or leaned from 
 windows to watch them pass. Horses and 
 cattle were grazing quietly on field and hillside, 
 and everything seemed to indicate peace and 
 friendliness from the inhabitants \vho seemed 
 to regard the troops as their army. Dust was 
 the only disturbing element. The dry roads 
 were so pulverized by the continuous march of 
 
THE MOVING ARMY. 257 
 
 thousands of men and miles of wagon trains 
 and artillery, that the men moved literally in a 
 cloud of dust which was dispelled only occa 
 sionally by a gentle breeze, but hardly long 
 enough to obtain a view of the surrounding 
 country. An abundant water supply along the 
 route was a comforting refreshment, however, 
 for which all felt truly thankful. 
 
 When the regiment first moved out of 
 bivouac on the yth it became a portion of a 
 great river of men rolling down toward Fred 
 erick. A large proportion of this stream of men 
 bore but little resemblance to military organi 
 zations. Thousands went plodding along the 
 road apparently entirely uncontrolled. Many 
 organizations scattered among the mass kept 
 well together in regular military formation and 
 in good control of their officers. But the dis 
 organized ones were judged to have been por 
 tions of Pope s command, which had not yet 
 recovered from the demoralization the result of 
 the severe campaign through which they had 
 just passed. 
 
 Lieutenant-Colonel Kimball was determined 
 that the Ninth should not be contaminated by 
 this loose example, and therefore issued string 
 ent orders against straggling on any pretense 
 whatever. A strong detachment was each morn 
 ing detailed as a regimental rear guard during 
 
258 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 the day s march, with positive orders to permit 
 no member of the regiment to fall out for any 
 cause whatever unless ordered to an ambulance 
 by one of the surgeons. This guard was main 
 tained until after leaving Frederick. It is but 
 just to state that during the entire march not a 
 man of the " Ninth " straggled from his regi 
 ment. The disorganized condition of portions 
 of the troops above mentioned was corrected 
 after the campaign was fairly under way. Each 
 day saw an improvement, and within a week 
 from the start, the entire army was as orderly 
 and well disciplined in appearance as the most 
 observant military critic could desire. 
 
 Early on the morning of the I2th, march was 
 resumed along the main turnpike across the 
 Monocacy river for Frederick direct, which had 
 been invaded by "Stonewall" Jackson s men. 
 Newmarket was passed through at one o clock, 
 and about 3.30 P.M., the column was halted 
 under the brow of Monocacy ridge. 
 
 Scattering firing was heard a short distance 
 ahead. The advance had struck the rebel army. 
 Their rear guard pitched a few shot and shell at 
 the advancing troops, more in the way of defi 
 ance than with a view of making any real resist 
 ance to the passage of the Monocacy bridge. The 
 cavalry soon had the enemy on the run, crowd 
 ing them through Frederick and up into the 
 
SKIRMISHING AT THE FRONT. 259 
 
 Catocin mountains. It was noticed and com 
 mented upon by the rank and file that when 
 these collisions occurred between the advance of 
 the army and the enemy s rear guard, and it 
 became necessary to employ infantry for his 
 dislodgment, none of the veteran troops were 
 detailed for that duty. 
 
 As the troops moved along the road they 
 would become aware that an engagement was 
 taking place at some distant point ahead by the 
 dull roar or growl of the artillery. This sound 
 became more pronounced as they advanced, until 
 the sharp crack of the Napoleons and sound of 
 bursting shells became more distinct. If the 
 resistance proved to be so stubborn that the 
 available cavalry were not in sufficient force 
 to overcome it, the column would come to a 
 halt, while an infantry force strong enough to 
 effect the object would be sent forward. These 
 troops were always taken from the new regi 
 ments. On such occasions they were seldom 
 if ever actually engaged, for by the time they 
 were deployed and arrangements completed for 
 the attack the enemy would generally move 
 away to repeat the operation at the next 
 favorable position found on their line of march. 
 Thus, the recruits were made to believe that 
 they had been in battle and had been vic 
 torious, though escaping without injury. This 
 
260 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 use of the new regiments was most satisfactory 
 to the veterans. The boys who were not " sent 
 in" had a rest, and what some of them liked 
 still better, an opportunity to ironically praise 
 the new men, who, moving past the line of 
 resting veterans by the roadside, received an 
 abundance of gratuitous advice as to their 
 actions when they should strike the enemy, also 
 very circumstantial accounts of what was tak 
 ing place at the front; the force of the enemy, 
 what troops had just been repulsed, the number 
 of killed, etc., etc., all being purely imaginary, 
 and done for the purpose of frightening the 
 recruits. All this was regarded as immensely 
 funny by the veterans. When Lieutenant-Col 
 onel Kimball became aware of this practice, 
 however, he at once put a stop to it, and 
 severely lectured the men for their thoughtless 
 ness. 
 
 The advance was now taken by the division 
 to which the Ninth belonged (General Rod 
 man s) which descended the ridge, crossed the 
 bridge, and when within half a mile of the out 
 skirts of Frederick, filed to the left until the 
 whole command reached the open fields across 
 the railroad, and moved in line by brigades, 
 over fences and through the tall corn, where the 
 alignment could only be maintained by observ 
 ing the tops of the numerous colors, the men 
 
FREDERICK CITY S WELCOME. 261 
 
 jumping all obstacles and smashing down the 
 fences with the butts of their muskets. 
 
 The advance, composed of cavalry and light 
 artillery, was busily engaged with the enemy. 
 Sharp skirmishing was taking place in the 
 streets, the fighting continuing through and 
 beyond the city until night and darkness 
 caused a cessation. Troops poured into the 
 city from all the roads east and south, and the 
 " Ninth" pitched its camp upon the rocky 
 bluff overlooking the railroad near the depot. 
 It was a night of the wildest excitement in 
 Frederick, the streets being crowded with 
 citizens who in every way displayed their 
 loyalty and loudly welcomed the brave veterans 
 who so hurriedly rushed to their protection. 
 And it was a night ever to be remembered by 
 the tired and footsore troops. To those fortu 
 nate enough to obtain passes into the city and 
 who were not too weary to leave their bivouac, 
 a scene was presented which is seldom wit 
 nessed even by soldiers of a victorious army. 
 
 Every house was illuminated, as though for 
 a victory, the streets crowded with citizens 
 eager to welcome the soldiers of the grand 
 old Army of the Potomac, while refreshments 
 were offered to the men from every door 
 step, trays and baskets of food, water, lemon 
 ade, and other and more enticing drinks were 
 
262 NIN IH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 forced upon the soldiers on every side. All 
 residences were wide open to any one in uni 
 form who cared to accept an invitation to 
 enter, and many a travel-stained and weather- 
 beaten soldier enjoyed that night the only oc 
 casion of real, civilized, social entertainment 
 which had fallen to his lot since leaving his 
 northern home. Among the belated members 
 of the regiment returning to camp in the "wee 
 sma hours," after reluctantly leaving their 
 hospitable entertainers, were Lieutenants Bar- 
 nett and Horner. They were so fortunate as 
 to discover a fire which had broken out 
 in the jail and threatened a serious confla 
 gration. It was thought probable that the 
 fire might have been started by sympathizers 
 or emissaries of the enemy who had just 
 been driven out, for the purpose of throwing 
 the city into confusion, and enabling them to 
 further some scheme which would tend to seri 
 ously injure the Union cause. Barnett hur 
 ried to camp to report the matter to Kim- 
 ball, while Horner hastened to the jail to 
 render any help possible, pending the 
 arrival of reinforcements, and to release 
 and afterward prevent the escape of the large 
 number of prisoners there confined. Colonel 
 Kimball at once dispatched three companies to 
 the scene under Captain Barnett, and they 
 
FIGHTING THE REAR GUARD. 263 
 
 arrived about the time that Horner and the 
 jailer had succeeded in opening all the cell 
 doors and were driving the confused and 
 frightened prisoners into the jail yard. 
 
 The wall surrounding the yard was quickly 
 mounted by the Zouaves, which point of vantage 
 enabled them to keep the prisoners under con 
 trol while the troops were fighting the flames 
 and sentinels were being posted around the 
 vicinity of the jail. 
 
 No hostile demonstrations were made by 
 either rebel sympathizers or the lawless ele 
 ment and after a while a regular regiment re 
 lieved the boys of the Ninth, who reached their 
 camp about daybreak. Hardly had they turned 
 in when reveille sounded, and for once the 
 order to u fall in" was not obeyed with their 
 accustomed alacrity. Almost as soon as coffee 
 had been prepared and disposed of the Ninth 
 was ordered out to the support of " Rush s 
 Lancers " who, striving to drive back the rebel 
 rear guard, found a detachment of them so 
 strongly posted that infantry was required to 
 dislodge them. Marching rapidly toward Jef- 
 erson the regiment reached the place where 
 the Lancers were engaged. The enemy had 
 a mountain howitzer in the road which led 
 up to the hill in front, but the supporting 
 force was unknown. 
 
264 NINTH REGIMENT. NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 Companies C, H and I were sent to the right 
 and Company B to the left of the road and 
 deployed as skirmishers, the remainder of the 
 regiment being held in reserve. 
 
 Lieutenant-Colonel Kimball s dispositions of 
 the regiment were so quickly made, and the 
 advance began so promptly that the enemy s 
 evident intention to fall back leisurely was 
 rudely interrupted. Two detachments of their 
 rear guard were struck so suddenly that they 
 were scattered before either could return a shot, 
 while some of them were wounded. One 
 sharpshooter who failed to obey the scriptural 
 injunction, " Stand not upon the order of your 
 going," etc., was discovered by private Sam 
 March of Company I, trying to conceal himself 
 in a tree where he had taken position and was 
 captured. It is not probable that this detach 
 ment intended to seriously resist infantry. They 
 simply opposed the cavalry to gain time for 
 their forces to get farther away, thinking to es 
 cape easily themselves and without loss, as soon 
 as the infantry arrived within striking distance. 
 
 From the summit of the ridge, over which 
 a portion of the regiment now passed in 
 skirmishing order, the whole valley stretching 
 away to South Mountain lay exposed like 
 a vast painted canvas. Far to the north 
 ward the village of Middletown was in flames. 
 
TWO ARMIES IN SIGHT. 265 
 
 At several points along the foot of the opposite 
 ridge batteries were spewing out little clouds 
 of curling smoke, pierced by angry tongues of 
 fire. Cavalry troops were dashing here and 
 there, the infantry more slowly but deliberately 
 advancing or retreating, and artillery hurrying 
 to some new point of vantage. On this im 
 mense stage the drama of war was being en 
 acted on a gigantic scale. In many a soldier s 
 breast as he gazed on the scene were mingled 
 the emotions of hatred, ambition and sorrow at 
 the startling and impressive sight. Hatred for 
 the offending foe, ambition to subdue him, and 
 sorrow that men should have found it necessary 
 to take each other s lives to establish a principle. 
 
 But little time was given to philosophizing. 
 The various companies of the regiment, includ 
 ing the battery reassembled on a road on the 
 farther side of the ridge and marched rapidly 
 toward the village of Jefferson or Jeffersonville. 
 Fearing to be outflanked the enemy fell back, 
 withdrawing the howitzer, while the Ninth 
 eagerly pursued, but without avail, as the John 
 nies were too fleet. 
 
 Arriving at Jefferson, arms were stacked in 
 the street, pickets thrown out, and the in 
 habitants regaled the Zouaves with food of 
 various kinds, which was eagerly devoured by 
 the half-famished men. Officers and men took 
 
266 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 advantage of an opportunity to rest, and in a 
 few moments nearly all were sleeping by the 
 roadside. 
 
 During the whole afternoon cannonading 
 could be plainly heard from the direction of 
 Harper s Ferry, where Jackson was then mak 
 ing his attack. The deep boom of the big 
 guns and the sharper crack of the smaller 
 ones was remarkably distinct, and as the men 
 awoke and were on the quivive, they in im 
 agination followed the fortunes of the battle 
 raging a few miles distant. While the Ninth 
 was still awaiting orders General Franklin s 
 command arrived and passed through the vil 
 lage in the direction of the firing. They were 
 a most dilapidated looking lot, ragged and 
 weather-beaten, and had evidently seen some 
 pretty hard marching recently. From the leis 
 urely way in which they marched it was plain 
 that like the Ninth they were not under orders 
 for Harper s Ferry, where the battle was still 
 raging. An officer said to be General Frank 
 lin --and his staff, dismounted, procured some 
 refreshments, and seating themselves on the 
 porch of a house, ate with great deliberation. 
 
 All subordinates in the army of whatever 
 rank are well aware that there are superiors 
 in abundance to do the thinking, and the 
 rank and file are not presumed to exercise 
 
THE RETURN TO FREDERICK. 267 
 
 their brains on any subject or to contem 
 plate any time beyond the present. Still men 
 of inferior rank, however lowly, have their 
 own ideas and will cogitate over them, and 
 during this period of rest at Jeffersonville 
 there were many who thought it would be more 
 pertinent to the occasion to move forward and 
 create a diversion in favor of the men ahead 
 who were fighting for their lives, rather than 
 that thousands of men should stand listlessly 
 hearkening to the cannonading at the Ferry, 
 whose increasing volume plainly told them, 
 which afterward proved to be correct, that their 
 comrades were in sore need of assistance. 
 
 About 6 P.M., all pickets were drawn in, with 
 the exception of Sergeant Jackson, who was 
 accidentally left on post with his men, but 
 who fortunately succeeded in joining the 
 regiment later, and the regiment started on 
 its return to Frederick, which was reached 
 before midnight, after a march of twenty- 
 five miles. This was one of the most 
 fatiguing marches the men had been called 
 upon to make, not so much because of distance 
 covered, as of their exhausted condition conse 
 quent upon the amount of labor they had been 
 called upon to perform in the preceding forty- 
 eight hours. On the I2th they had been in 
 line of battle the greater part of the day, leav- 
 
268 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 ing the roads and advancing across country 
 through field and wood, plowed land and 
 meadow, which is the hardest kind of work 
 entailed on the soldier, heavily weighted as he 
 is with musket and equipments. 
 
 Night had fallen when the regiment left 
 Jeffersonville, and all passed pleasantly for a 
 time. The men sung their customary march 
 ing songs and the woods rang with the cho 
 ruses. With the intention of making the march 
 as easy as possible Colonel Kimball halted the 
 column for a rest, at the most inopportune time, 
 which proved to be unfortunate. The regi 
 ment had moved leisurely out of the village 
 towards camp and the men had " limbered up " 
 nicely and were in good marching condition 
 and could have continued to Frederick in 
 fairly good shape with little or no rest, but now 
 the long halt which followed induced them 
 to fall asleep. When the bugle sounded 
 " forward " the boys were stiff and sore, and 
 slowly responded to the call. 
 
 There was no more singing, no more con 
 versation in the ranks. Each man felt fagged 
 out, but doggedly plodded onward over the 
 apparently endless road having no further desire 
 for even a temporary rest. The only wish or 
 thought was how to get through and reach the 
 objective point in the shortest time possible, 
 
THE START FOR SOUTH MOUNTAIN. 269 
 
 knowing there would then be an opportunity 
 to obtain the much required sleep. After what 
 seemed like hours of marching the regiment 
 reached Frederick, and proceeded haltingly 
 and painfully through the silent and de 
 serted streets and at last arrived at the old 
 camp. Throwing themselves on the hard earth 
 the tired men enjoyed that sweet rest which the 
 worn and footsore soldier can so well appreci 
 ate. Orders had been given to move at 3 A.M., 
 and it seemed as though they had scarcely 
 rolled themselves in their blankets ere the 
 order came to " fall in," which was obeyed with 
 the greatest reluctance, and without the accus 
 tomed promptness. Passing out of the city on 
 the way to Fairville and Jerusalem, they arrived 
 at Middletown at about 10 A.M. There the 
 " Ninth" came to a halt after a rapid march of 
 seven hours. Every appearance tended to im 
 press the observer with the belief that a battle 
 was near. The regiment, which had evidently 
 been started prematurely in the early morning, 
 was marched into a field by the roadside with 
 orders to u halt" and "rest." All felt that they 
 were only waiting their turn to " go in " as the 
 cannonading in front of them was increasing 
 every moment. Brigades, divisions and corps 
 which probably had remained in bivouac until 
 after daybreak, streamed past to the front, while 
 
27O NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 the Ninth waited by the roadside. It was 
 evidently clear that their corps was not to be 
 utilized until these other troops should reach 
 their positions. 
 
 The battle of South Mountain had opened 
 and troops were being hurried forward to 
 the front while the Ninth was ordered to 
 rest All hands were soon sound asleep, and 
 continued so until 2 P.M., when, after a cup of 
 good coffee they were ordered forward in the 
 direction of the firing which had become ex 
 ceedingly brisk. Fording a small stream at the 
 foot of South Mountain they filed into a 
 narrow and rocky road leading to the summit, 
 and while passing up the steep ascent met a 
 stream of wounded men being transported 
 rapidly to the rear. Working their way steadily 
 up the mountain and also moving obliquely to 
 the left to extend the line in that direction, they 
 met with little opposition until nearing the 
 position assigned them, when suddenly a rebel 
 battery opened fire most vigorously. This 
 did not check them in the least or cause any 
 damage, the battery being situated so far above 
 them on the top of the mountain that the enemy 
 was unable to depress his guns to any marked 
 degree but was obliged to fire straight ahead 
 out into the "wide world," the shells exploding 
 so far above the regiment that few casualties 
 
REPULSING A CHARGE. 271 
 
 resulted. The firing ceased shortly after and 
 the position was gained without further oppo 
 sition. 
 
 This cessation it was afterward learned was 
 due to a charge made by an Ohio Brigade (the 
 nth, I2th, and 23d Regiments), which com 
 pelled the battery to limber up and hastily 
 withdraw and also temporarily clearing that part 
 of the line of the rebel infantry. 
 
 Battery E, 4th U. S. Artillery, occupied the 
 position vacated by the rebel battery, and the 
 " Ninth" moved into line to its support. 
 
 Being on the extreme left of the army, the 
 brigade was formed like the letter L, the Ninth 
 being the base line, while the iO3d and 8gth New 
 York were formed at right angles to it, extend 
 ing toward the rear. The battery faced down 
 the line towards the left. The Ninth and 
 iO3d, with about two companies of the Sgth, 
 had arrived on the line when the enemy, who 
 were concealed in a close thicket of laurel on 
 the west slope of the mountain, suddenly dashed 
 from their cover, and made an impetuous 
 charge on the battery, yelling and discharging 
 their muskets as soon as the forces were 
 sighted. Without hesitation Colonel Kimball 
 gave the order: "Right wing, attention ! Fix 
 bayonets! By the right flank by file left, double 
 quick. March !" and led the way through 
 
272 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 and between guns and limbers into the thick 
 brush on the right of the battery beyond the 
 view of the remainder of the regiment, to a 
 position where he could strike the flank of the 
 charging rebels. Meanwhile the battery was 
 firing double charges of canister at point blank 
 range, the enemy being so close that it was 
 unnecessary to aim but simply point the guns 
 after each discharge. The iO3d after a mo 
 mentary unsteadiness, stood up to the work 
 like good fellows, firing volley after volley, 
 while the two companies of the 8gth opened a 
 steady, well-directed fire, the other companies 
 joining in as each arrived on the line, the entire 
 movement being as coolly and methodically 
 performed as though on drill in winter camp. 
 
 At this point an incident occurred which will 
 illustrate the coolness under fire of Major 
 Jardine who temporarily commanded the 8gth 
 New York. 
 
 Shortly after the Ninth relieved the Ohio 
 Brigade on the summit of the mountain, the 
 left of the regiment being close to the battery, 
 and the 8gth following by the flank up the 
 steep ascent, the sudden and unexpected dash 
 of the enemy was so unlocked for that for an 
 instant there was a halt in that part of the 8pth 
 not yet on the line, when Major Jardine sprang 
 upon a stone wall on the left of the Ninth and 
 
JARDIN&S COOLNESS UNDER FIRE. 273 
 
 running diagonally toward it (the Sgth) cried 
 out: "Eighty-ninth New York, what in h 1 
 are you about? Continue the movement!" In 
 the meantime the battery men had picked 
 themselves up from the grass and made their 
 guns talk with grape and canister. Although 
 the regiment had orders not to fire without 
 command, Corporal Charles Curie, of Company 
 C, acting sergeant and left-general guide, 
 cocked his musket to await orders to fire, when 
 Jardine, hearing the lock click, turned toward 
 him, and said to Curie: " Put down that hammer. 
 You know what the orders are. We want to 
 meet the charge with the bayonet. You ought 
 to be promoted for that." 
 
 Major Jardine then jumped down from the 
 wall and resumed command of the Sgth, which 
 he retained until after the battle of Antietam. 
 He was subsequently presented by the officers 
 of that regiment with a magnificent gold medal 
 in appreciation of his meritorious services 
 during the campaign. 
 
 For a moment bullets seemed to fill the air 
 and matters assumed a serious aspect, but the 
 supporting line stood firm and poured in such 
 withering volleys that the enemy recoiled and 
 fell back suffering great loss. 
 
 As darkness set in the Ninth was detailed 
 for picket duty, and that night guarded the ex- 
 
274 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 treme left of the army. The howitzer battery 
 of Company K was in reserve, supported by 
 several companies to enfilade any attacking 
 party who might attempt to surprise the picket 
 line. General Reno s command kept up a con 
 tinuous fire with the enemy in his front for 
 some two hours after dark, but on the left all 
 was comparatively quiet throughout the night. 
 Among the drummer boys who enlisted in 
 the regiment at its organization was J. C. Julius 
 Langbein. Although but thirteen years of age 
 he was bright, intelligent and manly, but so 
 small in stature and so feminine in looks that 
 he could easily have passed as a girl. He at 
 once received the sobriquet of " Jennie" from 
 all the men, which name clung to him during 
 his term of service and for years afterward. It 
 may prove of interest to here produce part of a 
 letter written by one of the wounded officers of 
 the regiment to ist Sergeant Green, of Com 
 pany F, relating an incident which occurred 
 during this battle Company F being then de 
 tached from the regiment on garrison duty at 
 Plymouth, N. C. : 
 
 NEW YORK, December 3rd, 1862. 
 
 "Mv DEAR JACK: * * * Now, Jack I must tell you of my 
 experience with Jennie the drummer, during this fight. 
 
 Just as we were coining on to the line I noticed that he was with 
 my company and was keeping pretty close to me. There was no firing 
 on our part of the line just at the time. I noticed the boy particularly 
 .as it was such an unusual circumstance to see him away from his own 
 company that I was obliged to. 
 
KEEPING HIS EYE ON THE LIEUTENANT. 275 
 
 He stood around while the brigade was forming and when the 
 rebels burst out of the woods, and we were ordered to lie down 
 temporarily, he squatted down right beside me. Of course, I was all 
 alive to catch any order that might come from the old man, but I saw 
 what was going on all the same. 
 
 About the time the rebel yell began to change its tone a little and 
 their fire slackened up, Jennie very deliberately straightened up and 
 looked all around surveying the situation. Saying to him pretty 
 sharp, Sit down you d d little fool, you ll get your head knocked off, 
 he looked at me with a kind of queer expression, hitched up his 
 trousers and with the reply, that s what I came here for, walked 
 off towards the left where most of the firing was. 
 
 After the rebels had been repulsed and things quieted down, he 
 drifted back to my vicinity again. It was getting quite dark by this 
 time, so dark that we could see the fire pour out of the muzzles of the 
 guns and spatter like melted metal as it struck the ground. As soon 
 as the firing had entirely ceased we sat down tired, hungry and 
 cold and were exchanging confidences in relation to cur respective 
 condition of emptiness, when one of the sergeants of the battery 
 brought us something to eat and also blankets to sleep under. After 
 eating and chatting for some time Sullivan his name was ; E. of the 
 4th U. S. Artillery we rolled ourselves in his blankets, and I, at least, 
 tried to sleep. All this time the heaviest kind of a musketry fire the 
 heaviest and steadiest I ever heard was being kept up on our right 
 where our center was forcing its way up the mountain. At that time 
 our line was like a bow with the concave side toward the enemy. I 
 was in such a condition of nervousness, owing to the lack of grub and 
 the mental and physical strain of the three preceding days, that I could 
 not get to sleep at once, but I tried to rest and lay quiet so as not to 
 disturb Jennie should he be asleep. 
 
 After lying quietly for a time he raised himself to a sitting posi 
 tion and after appearing to listen to the musketry for a while, said 
 quietly: Are you asleep, Lieutenant? I answered that I was not 
 asleep; That s an awful heavy fire, Lieutenant, he said, but I think 
 the boys are driving them. It appears to be coming up the hill. Then 
 he heaved a deep sigh and lay down. He repeated this performance 
 several times before I dropped off to sleep. In the morning he rolled 
 up the blankets, took them over to the sergeant, and I suppose went 
 to his company, as I saw him only once again during the day, when he 
 came to tell me that the mess had something to eat and that I had 
 better get up toward the right where it was or it would be all gone. 
 
 Now Jack, I would like to know what you think of that for a fourteen 
 year old drummer boy. I thought the thing over a good deal after I 
 was wounded and I had nothing else to do but think, and I honestly 
 think that boy believed it his duty, inasmuch as I was only a second 
 
276 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 lieutenant and was for the first time in command of a company in 
 action, to keep his eye on me and see that I did not go wrong or do 
 anything to bring discredit on the regiment. He was apparently 
 satisfied with the way I behaved myself during the fight and went 
 back to his own company with the consciousness that he could trust me 
 to do what was right. 
 
 In my next I will tell you something about the big battle, Antietam. 
 
 Remember me to Captain Flusser and also to Captain Hammill and 
 Lieutenant Perley. 
 
 Yours sincerely, " 
 
 The next day the Ninth was relieved and 
 placed in reserve for a much needed rest. There 
 were no rations obtainable, the wagon trains 
 were not permitted to come forward among the 
 moving troops on the roads and the men were 
 forced to forage in the potato and cornfields, 
 which had previously been visited by the rebels, 
 consequently the supply obtained from these 
 sources was decidedly slim. 
 
 About 5 P.M., on the I5th, the regiment was 
 ordered forward, and before moving down the 
 western slope of the mountain came upon the 
 scene of the previous day s heaviest fighting. 
 The result of battle was here visible in all its 
 ghastly horror. 
 
 The enemy s dead were so numerous that at 
 one point --a sunken road where they had 
 made a determined stand - - their bodies had to 
 be removed from the road to make a passage 
 way for the troops. They were piled in heaps 
 on either side. Their limbs contorted and 
 their faces black as negroes, presenting a most 
 
DEATH OF GENERAL RENO. 277 
 
 horrible sight. It was near here about sunset 
 that the lamented Reno lost his life while 
 supervising his lines. He was in all respects 
 a most admirable officer and his untimely de 
 cease was regretted by the entire army. 
 
 There seems to be some uncertainty as to 
 the manner of his death, some persons assert 
 ing that he was picked off by a rebel sharp 
 shooter, while at the present date (1899) others 
 as positively assert that he met his death in a 
 manner similar to that of " Stonewall " Jackson 
 - was mortally wounded by his own men. In 
 the gathering darkness, and being at the ex 
 treme front to assure himself that his lines were 
 correct, he is said to have been mistaken for an 
 enemy. To signify the high estimation in 
 which the General was held by his superiors, we 
 quote a well deserved tribute to his memory, in 
 an article on "The Second Bull Run," written 
 by Major-General Pope for the Century Maga 
 zine: 
 
 " I rode along the front of our line, and gave the same information 
 to Heintzleman and Reno. I shall not soon forget the bright and con 
 fident face and the alert and hearty manner of that most accomplished 
 and loyal soldier, Gen. J. L. Reno. From first to last in this campaign 
 he was always cheerful and ready ; anxious to anticipate, if possible, 
 and prompt to execute \vith all his might the orders received. 
 
 " He was short in stature and upright in person, and with a face and 
 manner so bright and engaging at all times, but most especially 
 noticeable in the fury of battle, that it was both a pleasure and a com 
 fort to see him. In his death, two weeks afterward, during the battle 
 of South Mountain, when he led his troops with his usual gallantry 
 and daring, the Government lost one of its best and most promising 
 
278 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 officers. Had he lived to see the end of the war, he would undoubt 
 edly have attained one of the highest, if not the very highest position 
 in the army. 
 
 " His superior abilities were unquestioned, and if he lacked one 
 single element that goes to make a perfect soldier, certainly it was not 
 discovered before his death." 
 
 General Cox in his report, says : 
 
 " A little before sunset Reno came up in person, anxious to know 
 why the right could not get forward quite to the summit. After a few 
 moments conversation with me he passed on to Sturgis. It seemed 
 to me he|was hardly gone before he was brought back upon a stretcher, 
 dead. He had gone to the skirmish line to examine for himself the 
 situation there, and had been shot down by the enemy posted among 
 the rocks and trees." 
 
 The gth Corps followed hotly on the rear 
 of the flying enemy, crossing Little Antietam 
 Creek near Keedysville, and fording another 
 small stream near Locust Spring. 
 
 It was now nearly 1 1 o clock, and the men 
 were thoroughly exhausted by the severe 
 marches of the past week, and were delighted 
 to hear the command "Halt!" given for the 
 night. Stopping at the foot of Red Hill, they 
 threw themselves on the ground, too fatigued 
 to put up any shelter, and awaited the forth 
 coming of rations, but were again disappointed, 
 as no wagons could be found, and they passed 
 another night nearly famished. 
 
 About 8 A.M., of the i6th, the rebels opened 
 their batteries upon the Union forces, who re 
 plied spiritedly until u o clock, when the 
 enemy retired. 
 
 The position of the bivouac occupied by the 
 
GETTING INTO LINE OF BATTLE. 279 
 
 Division, appeared to be in the rear of Hooker 
 and the rest of the right wing of the army. At 
 frequent intervals during the greater portion of 
 the day the latter were hotly engaged with the 
 enemy. 
 
 At 5 P.M., the regiment was ordered forward, 
 and reaching the line of battle already forming 
 in front of the enemy, were moved by General 
 Rodman to the left, and soon after dark arrived 
 at the extreme left of the army. 
 
 The night was very dark, and the flank was 
 still further extended by a staff officer, the 
 greatest caution being observed as they ad 
 vanced absolute silence being preserved the 
 other regiments of the brigade moving in a 
 similar manner, but more to the rear, forming a 
 kind of echelon by the flank on the " Ninth." 
 While passing through a cornfield the heavy 
 tramp of men was heard coming down the hill 
 to the left of the Ninth, and they prepared to 
 meet the enemy. 
 
 " Fix bayonets ! " commanded Kimball. It 
 was instantly executed, and the men firmly 
 faced the expected attack, while General Rod 
 man rushed forward to assume charge of the 
 threatened assault. The command " Halt ! " 
 was several times repeated and heard above 
 the noise made by the approach of the sup 
 posed enemy, then all became quiet. A few 
 paces distant the Zouaves were met by the 
 
280 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 1 03rd New York, who, if they had continued to 
 advance a moment longer would have received 
 a volley from the regiment, and a terrible 
 slaughter would have resulted. The Zouaves 
 again moved ahead, a detail from Company B 
 feeling the ground in advance, and on reaching 
 the position selected, halted and lay down. 
 The battery of Company K was divided three 
 guns, under command of Captain Whiting, 
 being placed on the right of the brigade, the re 
 maining ones on the left, under Lieutenant 
 Morris. The orders to Captain Whiting were, 
 if attacked by infantry to open fire at once, but 
 if by artillery only, to remain silent. 
 
 The brigade was still on the extreme left of 
 the army, and, from the nature of the ground 
 and the conditions under which the dispositions 
 for battle were made, was the last one to arrive 
 at its designated position in the line; conse 
 quently it was long after dark before its march 
 ings, manoeuvres and changes of positions came 
 to an end, and the tired men were permitted to 
 lie down and seek what rest was possible to 
 prepare them for the pending battle of the 
 morrow. 
 
 The subsequent events of " the bloodiest 
 battle of the war " can best be described by 
 quoting a letter written to Colonel Hawkins, at 
 his request, by Lieut. Matthew J. Graham, on 
 September 2yth, 1894. 
 
CHAPTER X. 
 
 LIEUTENANT GRAHAM S LETTER DESCRIPTIVE OF THE 
 BATTLE OF ANTIETAM ATTACK ON THE STONE 
 WALL GREAT BRAVERY OF THE TROOPS OR 
 DERED TO RETIRE AND LIEUTENANT-COLONEL 
 KIMBALL S PROTEST GENERAL WILCOX IN PERSON 
 PEREMPTORILY ORDERS KIMBALL TO FALL BACK 
 ASSISTANCE TO THE WOUNDED McCLELLAN S, 
 BURNSIDE S, FAIRCHILD S, AND KIMBALL S RE 
 PORTS MR. KIRKLEY S STATEMENTS OF TOTAL 
 KILLED IN THE CIVIL WAR, AND PROPORTION OF 
 WOUNDED TO KILLED GENERAL LONGSTREET S 
 COMMENTS ON THE BATTLE AND COMPARISON 
 WITH OTHER NOTABLE ENGAGEMENTS PERCENT 
 AGE OF REGIMENTAL AND BRIGADE LOSS OF THE 
 NINTH REGIMENT. 
 
 NEW YORK, September 27, 1894. 
 COLONEL RUSH C. HAWKINS. 
 
 MY DEAR COLONEL: In response to your 
 suggestion offered at the meeting of the 
 Association on the 24th inst, I will try to write 
 down my recollections of the movements of, 
 and the various positions occupied by our regi 
 ment, the Ninth New York Volunteers (Haw- 
 kins Zouaves), just prior to, and during the 
 Battle of Antietam, on the night of the i6th 
 and the day of the iyth of September, 1862. 
 Thirty-two years is a long time to look back. 
 
282 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 Particularly is this so if one indulges in reminis 
 cences which require the element of accuracy. 
 But I think it will not be necessary for me to try 
 to recall any of the principal happenings of that 
 time; of that day particularly. What I write 
 will be, I think, merely a statement of what I 
 saw on the evening preceding, and on the day 
 of the battle; incidents which were impressed 
 on my mind then, and which have been vividly 
 in view of my memory ever since. In doing 
 this I may fall into error; I may transpose 
 actions and incidents ; but I shall strive to avoid 
 these, giving due consideration to the fact that 
 when talking over these matters with other 
 members of the regiment, I frequently find that 
 their recollections and mine do not always 
 agree. 
 
 The last movement which the regiment made 
 on the evening of the i6th toward the perfecting 
 of the line of battle, was after dark in almost 
 absolute darkness. The sky was cloudy, and 
 the air charged with moisture a heavy mist, 
 or, more properly, a light drizzle not fog. We 
 were extending the line toward the left. It 
 was too dark to see either one s comrades, the 
 bushes through which we forced our way, or 
 the stumps and inequalities of the ground over 
 which we stumbled. The movement completed, 
 we halted and lay down, as we had stood, in 
 line. 
 
THE POSITION AS SEEN A T DA YBREAK. 283 
 
 Only a short time before this I had appeased 
 my hunger with a conglomeration of stuff, the 
 chief ingredient of which was green f corn a 
 tomato can nearly full of it" which had been 
 prepared and given me by Dick Rivers (who 
 has since gone to his reward), and conse 
 quently, or otherwise, I slept the sleep of the 
 just. I was awakened in the morning at early 
 daylight by one of the sergeants, who informed 
 me that the enemy were about to open fire 
 on us. 
 
 Upon looking about me I found we were in 
 a cornfield, the ground behind us rising gradu 
 ally until it formed a considerable ridge. It 
 was timbered, but not thickly, from within a 
 few paces in rear of our line back as far as I 
 could see from our position. The field sloped 
 very gradually from our front until it ended in 
 bushes, and in what appeared to be swampy 
 ground ; beyond that toward the front the hills 
 were quite high and appeared to be very steep 
 and bluffy. 
 
 I do not know of a person now living who 
 could give a better description of the ground 
 where we bivouacked than Lieutenant Horner. 
 He was officer of the guard that night, and, 
 therefore, had better facilities for observing 
 than any of us ; and this is equally true con 
 cerning our movements on the day of the 
 
284 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 battle. Circumstances made it necessary to 
 detail him as acting adjutant, but while he had 
 an excellent chance to observe the nature of the 
 ground, I think he had neither the time nor the 
 inclination to dwell much on the beauties of 
 nature. The ground over which the regiment 
 advanced that day was not a path of roses. 
 
 There was considerable activity among some 
 men in grey on the top of one of the hills in 
 our front. They were apparently shoveling 
 and leveling the ground. My impression \vas 
 that they were preparing a place for their 
 battery to stand ; that they had gotten their 
 guns up there and were obliged to prepare a 
 platform or level space for them so that the 
 recoil would not force them down the hill. 
 
 On our right also the hills were quite abrupt. 
 One spur w r hich attracted my notice was thrust 
 boldly and precipitously out into the low land. 
 On our left the land was considerably elevated, 
 but the hills were not so steep. Down in the 
 swamp, or what I thought was a swamp, there 
 was a little scattering picket firing. From the 
 general appearance of the ground in our imme 
 diate front I was sure there was a stream near, 
 but did not suppose for a moment that it was 
 between us and the hill from w T hich the enemy 
 were preparing to open fire on us. The ground 
 in our front looked to be impassable by reason 
 
THE ENEMY OPENS FIRE. 286 
 
 of its apparent swampy nature. It did not 
 occur to me that the Antietam was no near, 
 and I am still inclined to the opinion that the 
 men in grey with the battery were on our side 
 of the creek. They finally got their guns fixed 
 to their satisfaction and fired one shell as a 
 trier. It struck and exploded in the spur on 
 our right front which I mentioned above. This 
 spur may have covered our right wing. When 
 the shell exploded there was a general laugh 
 along my part of the line at the bad shot. 
 Another shot followed in a moment or two 
 which was better, but still did no damage. A 
 third shot was right the pieces falling right 
 among us. When the men in grey saw the 
 effect of this shot they opened fire in such a 
 furious style as to give the impression that they 
 had a dozen guns there, and every shell seemed 
 to land in or near our line. At this time the 
 regiment had not been called to attention. The 
 men formed in line instinctively and. awaited 
 orders. Colonel Kimball came up from the 
 left, followed by Captain Barnett. The Colonel 
 gave the command : " By the right of companies 
 to the rear!" 
 
 Some of the men with whom I have talked 
 about that particular movement insist that we 
 were then in the line faced to the rear. I re 
 membered that on the previous evening we 
 
286 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 extended our line to the left. In the morning 
 we faced toward the place where the enemy 
 should be that is, faced to the right from the 
 direction we had been marching the night be 
 fore. At the above command I put myself on 
 the right of my company, where I found Ser 
 geant Forbes, and broke by files to the rear. 
 While moving to the rear, perpendicular to our 
 line of battle, I spoke to Captain Childs, who 
 was toward my right, to the right of my com 
 pany as I was then moving, and who was 
 leaning against a tree, wounded. I said to 
 him : " Get on the other side of the tree, Cap 
 tain ; get to leeward." My company was be 
 tween "E" and "G" that day; Libaire on my 
 right and Childs on my left. At the same time 
 I remember that Captain Barnett came from 
 toward the left of the regiment the then left. 
 He commanded the company on the right 
 flank of the regiment. Also, that when we 
 made our next forward movement we were 
 followed by the iO3d; not preceded by them. 
 I am inclined to think that we were a little 
 mixed as to formation. 
 
 At the command march we moved directly 
 to the rear into the woods, up the slope of the 
 ridge, and after we had passed out of sight of 
 the enemy, they did not appear to be able to 
 find us with their shells, and after a few 
 moments they ceased firing. 
 
EXTENDING THE LINE TOWARD THE LEFT. 287 
 
 A number of our men were hit before and 
 during the execution of this crawfish move 
 ment, but the exact number I do not know. 
 We had coffee there on the ridge in the woods. 
 There were some farm out-buildings and a 
 barnyard there but I do not remember that 
 there was a dwelling house. We shortly after 
 word moved forward, out of the woods, on to 
 an open grassy slope, starting in a direction as 
 though to continue our line to the left, but 
 gradually swinging around toward the right, 
 until at last we were moving in a direction 
 perpendicular to our line of battle of the fnorn- 
 ing. This movement was made in echelon by 
 companies or divisions, the iO3d following us, 
 Kimball and Ringold riding together part of 
 the way in front of our regiment. While 
 moving across this sloping meadow we passed 
 our battery, or a part of it. They were "in 
 battery " farther to our left, and were occasion 
 ally firing a shot. They moved off further 
 to our left as we went forward, and again 
 went " in action," still in plain sight. I do not 
 recall seeing either Whiting or Morris with the 
 battery. I saw only Shields, and I think that 
 is why I had the impression that I saw only 
 part of it. * 
 
 *On the night before the battle the battery had been divided, part of 
 it being placed on the right of the brigade and the remainder on the 
 left. 
 
288 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 We ended our forward movement right at 
 the edge of the bluff, the creek being below 
 some distance, and the face of the bluff being 
 very steep. The ground was high enough to 
 give us an extensive view of a stretch of 
 country toward our front and right, including 
 much of the battlefield. I could see no lines or 
 masses of troops anywhere; some of the rebel 
 batteries, however, were in full view in front of 
 us and on our right. Farther toward our right, 
 above the bushes and over the cornfields, we 
 could see the light musketry smoke drifting, 
 which seemed to indicate heavy infantry fighting 
 there. The air was very still, and great piles 
 of white smoke, like clouds, hung over and 
 around the batteries, both the enemy s and our 
 own. We occasionally saw groups of men, 
 officers we took them to be, both mounted and 
 on foot, moving about on the other side of the 
 creek. Once a skirmish line appeared moving 
 directly toward the stream, our battery fired 
 one shot at them and they disappeared into 
 the earth, it seemed, as I did not see them 
 afterward. 
 
 General Rodman joined us here. 
 
 I had a glass and noted everything carefully 
 which took place within my circle of vision. 
 While we stood here the movement on the 
 bridge was made, I think by our second divi- 
 
THE CHARGE ON THE BRIDGE. 289 
 
 sion. I could not see it all, as the country 
 was timbered in places, which hid the move 
 ments of the troops. I don t remember seeing 
 the bridge at all. I saw the troops moving 
 down the hill ; saw them once or twice break 
 up and scatter and reform again and advance 
 but did not know just what was going on until 
 I noticed that some of the figures on the ground, 
 who did not scatter with the rest, were lying 
 with their heads down hill. I then realized 
 that they were dead, and that the movements 
 which I had been watching were charges. All 
 this time, while we were standing on the bluff, 
 we were not disturbed. We stood up in line 
 of battle ; there was no hostile demonstration 
 whatever made against us; not a shot of any 
 kind was fired at us; there were " none to 
 molest us or make us afraid." 
 
 Then came the crossing of the creek. We 
 marched by the left flank down what appeared 
 to be an old wood-road, and filed to the right 
 at the edge of the stream. I do not remember 
 how deep it was, but it was quite an effort to 
 stem the current. When partly across we re 
 ceived the fire of a detachment which was 
 stationed behind a wall at the head of a ravine 
 which opened up from the water towards our 
 left front. I judge there were about two com 
 panies of infantry of them. Their fire was not 
 
29O NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS, 
 
 very heavy, rather scattering, and we did not 
 answer it. One reason was that we would 
 have to stop in the stream while firing, and any 
 of our men who might be wounded would be 
 in great danger of drowning, so we urged the 
 men forward and passed the order not to fire. 
 I had two men hit here. 
 
 We filed to the right when we reached the 
 bank, and were at once out of the fire in the 
 shelter of the hills or bluffs. We then faced to 
 the left, which brought us by the rear rank into 
 line, and marched, or rather climbed, directly 
 up the bluff; the ground in front of my com 
 pany was very rough and difficult and also 
 very steep. Rodman appeared here again on 
 foot and went up with the regiment. At the 
 top of the hill we again came in sight of the 
 gentlemen who disputed our crossing the ford, 
 but they were not having things so much their 
 own way as they had then. A party of our 
 troops - - 1 got the impression that they were 
 Rhode Island men - - were advancing rapidly 
 up the ravine, firing as they went. They were 
 led by a mounted officer, whom I recognized as 
 " Happy " Tom Lyon, a major of a defunct 
 rocket battery. He was then serving on Burn- 
 side s staff. While our men were advancing 
 determinedly and rapidly the Johnnies did not 
 seem to keep up as good a fire as they should 
 
COMPLETING THE MOVEMENT. 291 
 
 have done ; in fact, as I looked at them, just for 
 the moment, Burn s lines came into my mind : 
 
 Their boldest thought s a hankerin swither 
 
 To stan or rin." 
 
 Lyon was doing the military picture act in the 
 most approved fashion. I concluded that his 
 horse had been wounded, it was plunging so. 
 
 We lay down here and waited for the new 
 formation to be completed. The bridge had 
 evidently been carried by this time, as the 
 troops were pouring across, some of them 
 passing along our rear and extending the line 
 to the left. We changed position once or twice 
 as the movement approached completion, the 
 fire of the enemy s batteries becoming heavier 
 and heavier, until finally we had to lie very 
 close. 
 
 The general level of the fields from the bank 
 of the creek was reached by a succession of 
 terraces or benches --say two or three. The 
 first rise from the stream might have been fifty 
 feet or more ; then, on my part of the line, 
 came a level space a few yards wide ; then a 
 rise of a few feet, not over ten ; then a wide 
 level space, a hundred paces at least ; then 
 another rise, quite steep in places, and high 
 enough to elevate us as we lay in line far above 
 the heads of the mounted officers who were 
 grouped on the next level below us. We lay 
 
292 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 as near the top of the slope as we could with 
 out actually being on the level ground. On 
 our line, between us and the iO3d, a battery 
 was in action. It was reported along the line, 
 though I do not know on what authority, that 
 it was Clark s Battery " E," of the 4th U. S. 
 Artillery. They did not appear to be able to 
 do much in the way of firing, as it seemed to 
 me that every time they would get fairly at 
 work the rebels would concentrate such a fire 
 on them as to silence them ; and the men 
 would be obliged to lie down in such shelter 
 as they could get until the weight of the 
 enemy s fire was directed to another part of 
 the line. Their " park " was on this lower 
 level before mentioned, and almost in line 
 with, and in rear of, the guns, and it caught a 
 good deal of the fire that missed the battery. 
 The practice of the rebel artillerymen was 
 something wonderful in its accuracy; they 
 dropped shot and shell right into our line re 
 peatedly. They kept the air fairly filled with 
 missiles of almost every variety, from shrapnel 
 to railroad iron. The shrapnel or canister was 
 very much in evidence. I saw one of our men 
 in hospital afterward who had nine gunshot 
 wounds in his right arm. I watched solid shot 
 -round shot strike in front of the guns with 
 what sounded like an innocent thud, and, 
 
A HEAVY FIRE. 293 
 
 bounding over battery and park, fly through 
 the tree tops, cutting some of them off so sud 
 denly that it seemed to me they lingered for an 
 instant undecided which way to fall. These 
 round shot did not appear to be in a hurry. 
 They came along slowly and deliberately, ap 
 parently, and there appeared no harm in them 
 until they hit something. 
 
 As soon as our line was established Colonel 
 Kimball ordered Company I out as skirmishers. 
 They seemed to be pretty busy for a time, 
 judging from the amount of shouting and firing 
 in the field in front of the regiment where they 
 deployed. This, however, died away gradually 
 as the boys pushed farther out and drove the 
 enemy s skirmishers before them. 
 
 I was lying on my back, supported on my 
 elbows, watching the shells explode overhead 
 and speculating as to how long I could hold 
 up my finger before it would be shot off, for 
 the very air seemed full of bullets, when the 
 order to get up was given. I turned over 
 quickly to look at Colonel Kimball, who had 
 given the order, thinking he had become sud 
 denly insane ; never dreaming that he intended 
 to advance in that fire, and firmly believing 
 that the regiment would not last one minute 
 after the men had got fairly on their feet. Sure 
 enough, there was Kimball, looking all right. 
 
294 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 He repeated the order: "Get up the Ninth!" 
 and, I thought, looked directly at me. We got 
 up and went forward, passing at once into a 
 cornfield. The fence over which my men were 
 swarming was at that moment knocked down 
 by a shell. From the cornfield we crossed over 
 a meadow, then over a strip of plowed land, 
 and then another piece of grass or stubble. 
 We halted twice, I think, to rest and dress the 
 line, although dressing was not necessary as 
 every man was in his place. The loss was 
 frightful. I could see the regiment-- the line 
 shortening perceptibly as we advanced. We 
 could hear the crash of the missiles through the 
 ranks, and strange as it may seem, that sound 
 brought like a flash to my mind a saying of 
 Lannes, when describing the Battle of Auster- 
 litz : " I could hear the bones crash in my div 
 ision like glass in a hailstorm." 
 
 The whole regiment behaved magnificently 
 throughout. Nothing could be better. The 
 advance was over sharp ridges and through the 
 intervening hollows for a long way. Although 
 just then I was not conscious of either the lapse 
 of time or of the distance we were covering, I 
 now know that we advanced altogether about 
 a mile, and we lost men at almost every step. 
 In two or three of the sheltered places, where 
 we were partly protected from the enemy s 
 
KIMBALL^S PRIDE IN THE REGIMENT. 295 
 
 fire by the ground in front, Colonel Kimball, as 
 I said before, halted the regiment just for a 
 moment to give the men a chance to get their 
 breath. During these halts he always remained 
 erect, moving up and down the line uttering 
 words of encouragement for everybody. To 
 the shouts of some of the men of " Get down, 
 Colonel !" " Don t expose yourself that way !" 
 "Wait till we re ready to advance!" etc., he 
 would reply : " Don t mind me, boys, I m all 
 right," or, "If you want a safe place stick close 
 to me," or some such remark. Meantime he 
 was pacing up and down the line rubbing his 
 palms together, and clapping his hands at 
 intervals to express satisfaction, exclaiming 
 repeatedly: "Bully Ninth! Bully Ninth! Boys, 
 I m proud of you ! every one of you !" During 
 one of these momentary halts I glanced back at 
 the field we had just crossed and saw it sprink- 
 eled all over with our dead and wounded, all 
 lying with their heads toward the enemy, 
 presenting the appearance of a thin field of 
 cornstalks I had seen some place, all rolled 
 down to lie in the same direction for conve 
 nience in plowing them under. 
 
 The charge ended, so far as I was concerned, 
 in what appeared to be a grand finale. We 
 had been advancing over what I remember as 
 rolling, but at the same time, rising ground ; 
 
296 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 we had reached what looked like the summit 
 of this particular ridge when we were met by 
 what I remember as a crashing volley of mus 
 ketry. We all went down together, although I 
 was hit not with a bullet but with a grapeshot. 
 The fronts of the companies had by that time 
 become so narrow that I found myself right at 
 the colors. They did not average, I think, 
 above twelve or fifteen men each at that stage. 
 When I recovered myself after I fell that is, 
 got into position to see about me, and after the 
 men had passed over me, some stumbling over 
 and others stepping on me, which occupied but 
 a moment, nearly everybody was down on the 
 ground. The whole color guard lay prone, the 
 colors on the ground. One or two of the men 
 staggered to their feet and reached for the flags, 
 but were shot down at once. Then there was 
 what seemed a spontaneous rush for them by 
 a dozen or more men from several companies, 
 who were shot down in succession as each one 
 raised his flag. One of these whom I noticed 
 was Lieutenant Myers, who was hit just as he 
 picked up one of them. The flags were up and 
 down, up and down, several times in a minute. 
 Libaire at last seized one of them, and swing 
 ing it around his head was profane for the first 
 and only time, I think, shouting to his com 
 pany, " Up, damm you, and forward ! " I could 
 
NOT ANXIOUS TO ADVANCE, 297 
 
 see only toward the right of the line as I lay. 
 I saw four commissioned officers in front of the 
 line. Kimball, Horner, Libaire and McKechnie, 
 all shouting forward as the men sprang to their 
 feet. McKechnie was on the stone wall with 
 his fez on the point of his sword waving his 
 men on. 
 
 All this took place in a flash, as it seems to 
 me now, and the next minute the regiment was 
 gone ; over the wall and out of sight. At that 
 time only one non-commissioned officer was 
 left in my company Sergeant Salisbury, who 
 assumed command . He also was wounded 
 shortly afterward. I was picked up in a few 
 moments and carried to the rear by the ambu 
 lance corps men, who happened to be of our 
 own regiment. 
 
 I have never known in what formation we 
 went forward on that charge ; whether only our 
 single brigade in line or a column of brigades ; 
 but after going to the rear a short distance we 
 met a line of troops, a brigade apparently, in a 
 hollow of the ground, but not advancing. I 
 learned or guessed, or got the information in 
 some way as one gets it on the field that 
 they were part of Cox s men, Ohio troops. 
 Our Adjutant General, Captain Shephard 
 (Official John Shephard), was with them. He 
 had one of their colors and was trying to 
 
298 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 induce them to advance. I tried to reinforce 
 his efforts with a word or two. I told them the 
 fighting was all over; that we had carried 
 everything; that they had only to go forward 
 and show themselves if they wished to be 
 participants in the greatest victory of the war. 
 I believed what I said, and I pretended to be 
 cheerful, but from the way they looked at me 
 I knew they didn t believe a word of it. 
 
 While the general direction in which the men 
 carried me was to the rear, still we kept bear 
 ing off toward the left, our left our backs you 
 will remember were now turned to the enemy- 
 then following the low ground to keep out of 
 the fire. We had gone but a short distance 
 when all signs of battle disappeared, except the 
 occasional singing of a minnie bullet overhead ; 
 we followed down the lowland and came out 
 on the road near the head of the bridge with 
 out being aware that we had gone down any 
 sensibly steep place or places. After leaving 
 the ground which the regiment had gone over, 
 we saw no dead or wounded. I spoke to 
 Captain Barnett, who was tying up his hand, 
 where he had been slightly wounded. I also 
 saw " Jennie" the drummer, sitting on the old 
 bobtailed sorrel, about half way between the 
 place where I was wounded and the bridge. 
 On the road near the bridge everything was as 
 
CONFUSION AT THE BRIDGE. 
 
 quiet and serene as a Sabbath morning. Only 
 two or three soldiers were in sight; one of 
 them a ygth man, was sauntering along, eating 
 an apple and carrying a stretcher on his 
 shoulder. He was interviewed at once by my 
 bandits and robbed of the stretcher, for my 
 benefit. 
 
 This quiet scene into which we entered, on 
 the road near the bridge was suddenly and 
 without any apparent reason changed into a 
 pandemonium. Two or three baggage wagons 
 and more than one battery of artillery appeared 
 around a turn of the road retreating toward the 
 bridge. At the same time the rebels opened 
 fire with as much vim and energy as they had 
 shown earlier in the day. There was a rush to 
 cross, each driver trying to get ahead of all the 
 others. They became jammed on the bridge. 
 We had to stand aside, of course. Every shell 
 seemed to plunge right into the struggling 
 mass ; confusion reigned supreme for a few 
 moments and, taken all in all, and the fact of 
 the batteries being in retreat (although their 
 ammunition chests may have been empty) it 
 was the most discouraging sight I had seen 
 during the day. 
 
 When we got an opportunity we crossed. I 
 had suggested not unselfishly, altogether to 
 the men who were carrying me that they lay 
 
3OO NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 me in the ditch and get under cover until 
 the fire slackened a little. They declined, in 
 forcible language and with much profanity. 
 We found that Dr. Humphreys had established 
 his hospital within a few paces of the head of 
 the bridge. Here was a good deal of con 
 fusion; shell were falling or exploding con 
 stantly ; the wounded were being hit and some 
 of them killed every moment. The doctor was 
 sending them to the rear as fast as he could get 
 ambulances or wagons to carry them. The 
 shells and bullets did not seem to enter into 
 the doctor s calculations only so far as they 
 were injuring his wounded. Personally he 
 seemed to treat them with the calmest in 
 difference. He examined my wound and de 
 ciding it would never need any dressing, sent 
 me and my stretcher to the rear. We turned 
 to the left up the stream, and after a little time 
 arrived at Miller s house, where, very much to 
 my astonishment then, although I understand 
 it now, I found the whole place, house, out 
 houses, orchard, and enclosures of all kinds, 
 filled with wounded, and it seemed to me that 
 most of them were our own men. I could not 
 understand where they came from or how they 
 got there. 
 
 Now, Colonel, these are some of the prin 
 cipal things which I remember about the battle 
 
POSSIBLE ERRORS OF MEMORY. 3O1 
 
 of Antietam. I know that the principal thing 
 you wished was a topographical description of 
 our part of the field. I have done as well as I 
 could in that respect. I can see it all very 
 plainly, but cannot describe it as I would wish. 
 I have been careful in giving the directions in 
 which we moved that day. I have taken care 
 to state only what I know, or what I think I 
 saw. I only mention the names of officers and 
 men whom I was forced to notice. It does not 
 follow that those who escaped my notice were 
 not present and in the thickest of it. For 
 example, I do not remember seeing Larry 
 Leahy at all after he was sent out with the 
 skirmishers, just after we climbed the hill ; but 
 no testimony is needed from any one to satisfy 
 those who knew him, that he was where duty 
 called him. 
 
 It is possible, as I mentioned at the begin 
 ning, that I may be wrong in many of these 
 statements ; some of them may have gotten out 
 of their proper positions, or become confused 
 with other battles or some other movement, 
 but I have done the best I could. 
 
 Very truly yours, 
 
 M. J. GRAHAM. 
 
 About the time the first brigade was ordered 
 to charge, the Confederate General, A. P. Hill, 
 
3O2 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 arrived on the field from Harper s Ferry with a 
 body of several thousand troops, who had made 
 a forced march from that place after its sur 
 render to " Stonewall " Jackson. These troops 
 came by the Sheperdstown road and arrived on 
 the Union left flank while the charge was in 
 progress. 
 
 Their attack compelled first the 8gth and later 
 the iO3d New York to halt and change front to 
 oppose them, but the Ninth being in ignorance 
 of the attack, kept straight forward, officers and 
 men concentrating their attention on the rebel 
 line of battle in their immediate front, which 
 was delivering a steady fire upon them. When 
 the enemy broke and ran from their stone wall 
 breastwork leaving a battery in possession of 
 the regiment (supposed to be Mclntosh s, which 
 A. P. Hill had sent forward in advance of his 
 infantry), the Ninth found themselves alone 
 and entirely unsupported on the hill overlook 
 ing the village of Sharpsburg. The other 
 regiments of the brigade being faced toward 
 the new attack from the left, had checked the 
 rebel advance, and were holding them at bay. 
 Owing to the great losses sustained during the 
 charge, and especially by the last volleys of the 
 enemy, the regimental formation of the Ninth 
 had become badly broken. Many of the men 
 flushed with enthusiasm and the intense, almost 
 
CHECKING THE IMPETUOUS ONES. &O3 
 
 savage desire for vengeance on those who had 
 slain so many of their comrades, continued in 
 pursuit of the fleeing enemy down the hill 
 toward the village. Even after the regiment 
 was halted and the readjustment of the line 
 ordered, some of the officers were obliged to 
 follow and command these men individually to 
 return to the lijne. The acting adjutant, Lieu 
 tenant Horner, only succeeded in driving Ser 
 geant Searing of Company D (who was among 
 the foremost in the pursuit) back to the com 
 pany by threatening him with a revolver. 
 
 Searing had been wounded during the charge 
 but not severely enough to disable him. He 
 was not inclined to submit, even when so 
 threatened by the officer. All the latent tiger 
 in his nature had been awakened and aroused 
 by the sights and sounds of the last quarter of 
 an hour, and it required decidedly pointed 
 demonstrations on the part of the acting adju 
 tant to recall him to the condition of the 
 obedient and well-disciplined non-com, of 
 ordinary times. One of these enthusiasts had 
 pursued the enemy into the village, at least his 
 dead body was afterward found in the village 
 street. 
 
 After having passed through that dreadful 
 storm of death and wounds there was still 
 about one hundred men of the Ninth left to 
 
304 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 rally around their colors on that bloody hilltop. 
 These Kimball formed into a company on the 
 ground which had been occupied by the enemy s 
 line of battle, and while still exchanging shots 
 with the scattered groups of the enemy, waited 
 anxiously for the reinforcements which were 
 momentarily expected to appear. 
 
 The greater part of the enemy against whom 
 the charge had been made had fallen back in 
 confusion into the village of Sharpsburg, where 
 they were striving to reform their scattered and 
 apparently demoralized men. Others had re 
 treated across the deep ravine through which 
 runs the road from the village to and across 
 Burnside s bridge, and had joined the force of 
 infantry and artillery which occupied the hill 
 where the National cemetery is now located. 
 The Ninth Corps is said to have numbered about 
 1 5,000 men, only part of which had been heavily 
 engaged, while the entire Fifth Corps had not 
 yet pulled a trigger in the entire battle. While 
 the Ninth was holding the position easily and 
 was so far as could be seen in no immediate 
 danger of dislodgment, Major L. C. Brackett, 
 of General Wilcox s staff, rode up and informed 
 Kimball of the situation on the left and rear, 
 and directed him to retire his regiment. Kim 
 ball objected to this and Brackett did not feel 
 that he was in a position where he could right- 
 
KIMBALL DECLINES TO RETIRE. 3O5 
 
 fully exercise his authority as staff officer and 
 order him to do so, Wilcox s division, which 
 was also of the Ninth Corps, had moved for 
 ward, whether in support of Rodman s division 
 or as part of the general movement cannot now 
 be satisfactorily determined. They had, how 
 ever, arrived at a point comparatively near the 
 position then occupied by the Zouaves, when 
 Brackett rode forward to inform Kimball of the 
 dangerous position in which his regiment was 
 placed. 
 
 While he (Brackett) knew that the situation 
 of the Ninth, with Hill s rebel troops attacking its 
 flank, was a very much exposed and extremely 
 dangerous one, he hesitated to give an absolute 
 order to fall back. Kimball declined to retire 
 unless he was peremptorily ordered to do so. 
 He was not disturbed or confused in the least 
 by the information that his flank was being 
 attacked. He was sure that the other regi 
 ments of the brigade were still on his left, 
 and he knew that within a short distance of his 
 position there was ample force to not only 
 capture Sharpsburg and turn Lee s right, but 
 also to encompass the destruction of the now 
 thoroughly exhausted and partly demoral 
 ized rebel army. He felt no necessity for retreat 
 ing, and he so informed Major Brackett, assur 
 ing him that he was in no difficulties, but was 
 
3O6 NIN IH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 well able to maintain his position. He pointed 
 out the evidences of demoralization among the 
 enemy in sight, and demonstrated that the 
 order should be to advance instead of retreat, 
 and requested the Major to impress upon the 
 generals as strongly as possible the exact con 
 dition of affairs and the urgent necessity of 
 quickly sending reinforcements to finish the 
 work which his brigade had thus far so suc 
 cessfully prosecuted. 
 
 When one or more of his own officers sug 
 gested that Major Brackett s contention was 
 correct, and that they should retire, inasmuch 
 as there were not cartridges enough left in the 
 boxes of the men to enable them to hold their 
 ground very long, Kimball replied : " We have 
 the bayonets. What are they given to us 
 for?" etc. 
 
 Before the discussion ended Wilcox and the 
 rest of his staff rode up and the General 
 directed Kimball to retire. Before the regi 
 ment was put in motion to carry out the order 
 there was noticed what appeared to be a fresh 
 brigade of the enemy preparing for a charge on 
 the Zouaves. Wilcox feared the effect of a 
 charge on the troops already attacked in flank. 
 There was no time to bring up reinforcements 
 or to send for ammunition. There were just 
 then no troops at hand to meet the impending 
 
THE Y ARE NO T DRIVEN OFF. " 3O7 
 
 attack but the badly shattered Ninth, alone and 
 unsupported, and whose cartridge boxes he 
 knew were nearly empty. But desperate as the 
 situation was he determined to meet it in the 
 only way possible and try to prevent the dis 
 aster that would almost surely follow if the 
 rebels were successful. He called Kimball 
 aside and said: " Ask your command if they 
 will receive the charge at the point of the bayo 
 net if we stick to them?" Their answer was 
 given in cheers and the fixing of bayonets. 
 
 A movement on the left just then frustrated 
 the plans of the enemy and the charge was not 
 made. 
 
 While obeying the orders to fall back Kim- 
 ball still insisted that his regiment was not 
 beaten. He called Wilcox s attention to the 
 manner in which the regiment moved off quietly 
 submitting to his command : " Look at my 
 regiment ! They go off this field under orders. 
 They are not driven off. Do they look like a 
 beaten regiment?" He insisted that the Gen 
 eral should acknowledge that the regiment re 
 tired under direct orders from the field, to gain 
 which it had suffered such fearful losses. 
 
 One who viewed the battle from Elk Ridge, 
 near McClellan s headquarters, thus describes 
 the closing moments of the battle on the left : 
 
 " Immediately north of Sharpsburg and along 
 
308 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 the hill in front, now the National Cemetery, 
 Longstreet s cannon were in play. Half way 
 up the hill Burnside s men were sending out a 
 continuous flame, with A. P. Hill s veterans 
 confronting them. All the country was flam 
 ing and smoking ; shells were bursting above 
 the contending lines ; Burnside was asking for 
 reinforcements. How quickly Porter s corps 
 could have rushed across Antietam bridge with 
 no Confederates to oppose them, swept up the 
 hillside and forced themselves like a wedge be 
 tween Longstreet and A. P. Hill ; but McClel- 
 lan had only Miller s battery to send him. The 
 sun went down ; the thunder died away the 
 musketry ceased; bivouac fires gleamed as if a 
 great city had lighted its lamps." 
 
 The regiment fell back to a position near 
 Antietam Creek, and subsequently recrossed 
 the stream and bivouacked on high ground 
 below Burnside s bridge. 
 
 When the advance of the brigade, prepara 
 tory to fording the creek was first made, that 
 part of the battery (Company K) under Lieu 
 tenant Morris, which had been stationed on the 
 left of the brigade on the night of the i6th, ad 
 vanced and took up a position which would 
 enable it to command the enemy s position in 
 the vicinity of the ford. It rendered valuable 
 service in clearing the hills on the opposite side 
 
KIMBALL S JUDGMENT CORRECT. 3O9 
 
 of the stream of the enemy, or so harassing 
 those who could not be dislodged that they 
 were unable to offer any very effective opposi 
 tion to the crossing of the infantry. The whole 
 battery subsequently forded the stream, under 
 a heavy fire, and after being engaged so con 
 tinuously that its ammunition was exhausted, 
 recrossed and was detailed by General Burn- 
 side to act as infantry. 
 
 The men were posted as sharpshooters and 
 maintained the position to which they were 
 assigned all night and the following day. 
 
 It was the universal opinion at this time that 
 a golden opportunity had been wasted and the 
 Ninth Corps prevented from winning laurels 
 which would have completely offset the some 
 what vicious criticisms since made over its 
 tardy movements in the forepart of the day and 
 for which the Corps as a body was in no way 
 responsible. A careful review of the battle by 
 the military student will clearly show that 
 Colonel Kimball was positively correct in his 
 surmises. His experience as a veteran of the 
 Mexican War having taught him the value of 
 a combined dash at a critical point, where ap 
 parent rashness accomplishes the desired result 
 with the sacrifice of comparatively few lives. 
 There is not the slightest doubt that Lee 
 would have been overwhelmed and driven into 
 
310 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 the Potomac. His own generals admitted this 
 possibility, and were extremely grateful that 
 Rodman s attack was not more strongly sup 
 ported, as there would have been but one end 
 ing to the story. 
 
 The Army of the Potomac was numerically 
 superior, in better physical condition, and 
 nerved on by success, only one thing was 
 lacking --a leader. 
 
 The enemy s skirmishers, shortly after the 
 troops on the left fell back, occupied the 
 ground over which the brigade had charged, 
 which enclosed many of the disabled wounded 
 within their lines. The regiment was not as a 
 body again engaged that day. Fighting ceased 
 long before nightfall, although skirmishing and 
 picket firing continued through the night and 
 all the following day. It was afterward learned 
 that this activity on the part of the rebels was 
 to cover Lee s withdrawal across the Potomac. 
 
 On the next day the knowledge was unpleas 
 antly and forcibly brought to the attention of 
 almost everyone, both officers and men, that the 
 feeling of distrust towards the authority respon 
 sible for the terrible mistakes committed on 
 the left of the line during the battle was shared 
 by all. It was demonstrated that practically 
 every man in the regiment was fully alive to 
 the grevious errors which caused the withdrawal 
 
"FALL IN FOR THE SLAUGHTER HOUSE." 311 
 
 of the regiment from its advanced and hard- 
 won position, and they perfectly realized the 
 fact that their efforts toward success and their 
 devotion to duty had been wasted and the 
 lives of so many of their comrades sacrificed 
 for naught. 
 
 Two companies were ordered to move down 
 the stream a short distance and defend a ford 
 below the bridge. 
 
 When the detail was made many of the men 
 supplemented the command of the first ser 
 geants to " fall in," with shouts of " fall in for 
 the slaughter house," and other cries equally 
 as pointed and expressive of their feelings. At 
 that time, and until it gradually wore away, 
 there was great indignation among all ranks 
 in the regiment and a feeling which bordered 
 closely on conviction, that no matter what other 
 ability might be possessed by some of the higher 
 officers, it was not the ability to fight and win 
 battles. 
 
 The above detail of two companies who were 
 defending the ford were actively engaged dur 
 ing the entire day, and met with several 
 casualties, but on the night of the i8th the 
 enemy s skirmishers withdrew, and the follow 
 ing morning Lee s army had disappeared. 
 
 As is customary after a battle a certain per 
 centage of the survivors were active in render- 
 
312 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 ing assistance to the wounded between the 
 lines. 
 
 This does not refer to the details which at 
 such times are always made to care for the 
 wounded and bury the dead, but to volunteers 
 who singly, in couples, or larger groups were 
 willing to run the risk of death, wounds or 
 capture, in order to succor comrades known to 
 have fallen, and who might possibly be alive 
 but helpless, and whose lives might be saved if 
 assistance could reach them before the regular 
 hospital corps commenced its labors. These 
 acts of humanity illustrate the strong bonds of 
 comradeship which existed. They occurred 
 on every battlefield of the war, and it is fair 
 to state that those engaged in these works of 
 mercy were seldom interfered with by the 
 enemy. The men generally proceeded without 
 arms, and, if they did not approach too close to 
 the lines of the enemy, their presence was 
 generally ignored. 
 
 David L. Stage, of Company A, was left on 
 the field so badly wounded .that he was unable 
 to crawl away. At the opening of the cam 
 paign he was a patient in the Hygiene Hospital 
 at Fortress Monroe, just convalescent from an 
 attack of typhoid fever. Upon learning that 
 his regiment was on the move, he sought for 
 and obtained his discharge from the hospital 
 
SUCCORING THE WOUNDED. 313 
 
 with orders to rejoin his company, and re 
 ported for duty just before the command left 
 Washington. 
 
 Being " soft "from life in the hospital he broke 
 down, and being unable to keep up with the 
 regiment, reported to the company commander, 
 requesting to be excused from evening roll-call, 
 and to be permitted to get over the ground 
 in his own fashion, promising to be present at 
 the morning roll-calls, and to be with the regi 
 ment in the next engagement. His captain 
 recommended that he " report sick " and be or 
 dered to an ambulance, which suggestion was 
 declined. He was with his company at South 
 Mountain and pulled through all right, but at 
 Antietam he was wounded five times and left 
 on the field when the regiment fell back. He 
 was found by one of the above mentioned 
 searchers, John W. Jacobus, of his own com 
 pany, barely alive. For two days he had lain 
 on the battlefield without food or drink with 
 his wounds fly-blown and filled with maggots. 
 One wound was in the face, the jaw having 
 been broken by a fragment of shell, making 
 the mastication of soldier s fare an impossibility. 
 Procuring a bottle, Jacobus, with much inge 
 nuity and the aid of a quill projecting through 
 the cork, improvised a very respectable nursing 
 bottle, and espying a cow in the neighboring 
 
314 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 field obtained a supply of milk with which he 
 fed Stage. This restored his strength to such 
 a degree that he was able to bear removal, when 
 with the assistance of others of the boys he was 
 carried to the hospital, where, under the skillful 
 and attentive treatment of Surgeon Humphreys, 
 he was soon out of danger and ultimately made 
 a complete recovery. 
 
 The following extracts of reports are taken 
 from the Official Records of the Rebellion : 
 
 Vol. 19, Series I, page 63, from the report of 
 Maj.-Gen. Geo. B. McClellan : 
 
 " The troops of General Burnside held the left of the line opposite 
 bridge No. 3. The attack on the right was to have been supported by 
 the attack on the left. I visited Burnside s position on the i6th and 
 after pointing out to him the proper dispositions to be made of his 
 troops, informed him he would probably be required to attack the 
 enemy s right on the following morning, and directed him to make 
 careful reconnaissances. * * * * 
 
 " Early in the morning of the i7th I ordered Burnside to form his 
 troops and hold them in readiness to assault the bridge in his front, 
 and await further orders. At eight o clock an order was sent to him 
 by Lieutenant Wilson, Topographical Engineer, to carry the bridge, 
 then to gain possession of the heights beyond, and to advance along 
 their crest upon Sharpsburg and its rear. After some time had 
 elapsed, not hearing from him, I dispatched an aide to ascertain what 
 had been done. The aide returned with the information that but 
 little progress had been made. 
 
 " I then sent him back with an order to General Burnside to assault 
 the bridge at once, and carry it at all hazards. The aide returned to 
 me a second time with the report that the bridge was still in possession 
 of the enemy, and I directed Colonel Sackett, Inspector General, to 
 deliver to Burnside my positive instructions to push forward without 
 delay, and if necessary carry the bridge at the point of the bayonet, 
 and ordered Colonel Sackett to remain with Burnside and see the order 
 was executed promptly. After three hours delay the bridge was 
 carried at one o clock by a brilliant charge of the sist New York and 
 5ist Pennsylvania ; other troops were then thrown over and the oppo- 
 
GENERAL McCLELLAWS REPORT. 3 1 5 
 
 site bank occupied the enemy retreating to the heights beyond. A 
 halt was then made by Burnside s advance until 3 P.M., upon hearing 
 which I directed one of my aides, Colonel Key, to inform General 
 Burnside that I desired him to push forward his troops with the utmost 
 vigor and carry the enemy s position on the heights ; that the move 
 ment was vital to our success ; and this was a time when we must not 
 stop for loss of life if a great object could be accomplished ; that if, in 
 his judgment, his attack would fail, to inform me so at once, that his 
 troops might be withdrawn and used elsewhere on the field. 
 
 " He replied that he would soon advance, and would go up the hill 
 as far as a battery of the enemy on the left would permit. 
 
 Upon this report I again immediately sent Key to Burnside, with 
 orders to advance at once, if possible, to flank the battery or storm it, 
 repeating that if he considered the movement impracticable to inform 
 me so, that his troops might be recalled. The advance was then 
 gallantly resumed, the enemy driven from their guns, the heights 
 handsomely carried, and a portion of the troops even reached the 
 outskirts of Sharpsburg. 
 
 " By this time it was nearly dark, and strong reinforcements just 
 then reaching the enemy from Harper s Ferry, attacked Burnside s 
 troops on the left flank and forced them to retire to a lower range of 
 hills nearer the bridge. 
 
 " If this important movement had been consummated two hours 
 earlier a position would have been secured upon the heights, from 
 which our batteries might have enfiladed the greater part of the 
 enemy s line and turned their right and rear. Our victory might then 
 have been much more decisive." 
 
 Extracts from Burnside s report, page 419: 
 
 " At this time (morning of iyth) Rodman s division with Scammon s 
 brigade in support was opposite the fovd some three-quarters of a mile 
 below the bridge. * * * * 
 
 " The battery of Dahlgren boat howitzers attached to the gth New 
 York covered the crossing of Rodman s division at the ford. At ten 
 o clock I received an order from the commanding general to make the 
 attack. * * * Rodman was directed to cross over at the ford below the 
 bridge and join on to the left of the command, which was to be thrown 
 over the bridge. From General Cook s position it was found to be 
 almost impossible to carry the bridge, and General Sturgis was 
 ordered to make a detail from his division for that purpose. 
 
 " He sent forward the 2d Maryland and 6th New Hampshire, which 
 regiments made several successive attacks in the most gallant style, 
 but were driven back by the galling fire of the enemy. 
 
 " I then directed the batteries on the left to concentrate their fire on 
 the woods above the bridge, and sent Sturgis word to detail the sist 
 
316 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 Pennsylvania and sist New York to assault the bridge and carry it at 
 all hazards. 
 
 " In the meantime Colonel Crook had brought a section of his battery 
 to bear upon the heights just above the bridge. Sturgis, by a judi 
 cious posting of these two regiments in rear of a spur which fronted 
 the bridge, succeeded in protecting them from the enemy s fire until 
 they reached the crest of the spur, at which point they commenced 
 their charge and carried the bridge at the point of the bayonet about 
 one o clock, the whole division following immediately. * * * 
 
 " Rodman s division succeeded in crossing the fords below, after a 
 sharp fight of musketry and artillery, and joined on to the left of 
 Sturgis." * * * * 
 
 " The dispositions being completed, about three o clock in accord 
 ance with instructions received from the general commanding, I 
 directed Cox to move forward with the whole command, except 
 Sturgis division left in reserve. * * * Rodman succeeded in 
 carrying the main heights on the left of the town, one of his regi 
 ments (the gth New York) capturing one of the most formidable of the 
 enemy s batteries (Mclntosh s); but at this juncture the enemy was 
 largely reinforced by A. P. Hill s light division, which had just arrived 
 from Harper s Ferry. During the attack Rodman was forced to bear 
 more to the left than was intended when the advance was ordered, and 
 Cox was forced to move him more to the right with a view to strength 
 ening the line, during which movement Rodman was mortally wounded 
 while gallantly leading his command to the assault. At this time 
 Colonel Harland s brigade was driven back leaving the battery which 
 they had captured. * * * 
 
 " It was now nearly sundown and I ordered Sturgis division forward 
 in support and they held the enemy at bay, fighting him at close 
 quarters until long after dark. The enemy being strongly reinforced, 
 and as we could not be, the command was ordered to fall back to the 
 crests above the bridge." 
 
 General Cox in his report, page 426, says : 
 " Rodman fell desperately wounded by a ball 
 through his breast. The loss of their com 
 mander at this critical period caused confusion 
 in a portion of the division on the extreme 
 left." 
 
 Kimball s report to his brigade commander 
 says : " At daylight on the morning of the 
 
LT. COLONEL KIMB ALL S REPORT. 317 
 
 iyth, six of the rebel guns commenced shell 
 ing us with such effect as to compel us to 
 change our position. The Ninth lost here in 
 wounded twelve men. After changing our 
 position still further to the left, I directed, in 
 accordance with orders from the General com 
 manding the battery, Company K, Captain 
 Whiting, to open fire on the enemy s battery 
 across the creek, which he did, soon silencing 
 it. Immediately after this we were ordered 
 to ford the creek and form in line of battle 
 on the bluff opposite, directly in front of the 
 enemy, which order was promptly executed, 
 pushing his entire line of skirmishers back from 
 the creek, and compelling him to retire to his 
 main force on his left, we proceeding by the 
 right flank along the bluff of the creek for about 
 three-fourths of a mile to the brow of a hill, 
 till within about eight hundred yards of the 
 enemy s main body of artillery and infantry. 
 
 "Here we halted for rest, when the rebel bat 
 teries opened an unmerciful fire of shot and 
 shell upon us, killing and wounding a number 
 of my regiment. We were soon ordered to 
 advance, which was promptly done, the differ 
 ent battalions moving in line of battle, and 
 dressing on their colors with as much coolness 
 and accuracy as though upon the drill ground 
 instead of the battlefield. 
 
318 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 "After proceeding about two hundred yards 
 you ordered the charge to be made, when we 
 rushed forward with a wild huzzah, peculiar to 
 the Zouaves, and immediately received the fire 
 of thousands of the enemy s fresh troops, con 
 sisting of infantry and artillery, which had been 
 brought forward to meet us. At this time the 
 gallant Cooper fell. A shell fell in my lines, 
 killing eight men at one explosion, and a 
 round shot took off private Conway s head. 
 While the infantry fire was like hail around and 
 among us, producing the most dreadful car 
 nage, not a man who was not wounded, 
 wavered or faltered, but all pressed on with 
 charged bayonets to the top of the hill, and 
 drove the enemy from his position. At this 
 time our color-bearers and guard had all been 
 shot down, when Captain Libaire of Company 
 E, seized one, and Captain Leahy of Company I, 
 the other of our standards and advanced them 
 to the wall near the road, when the rout of the 
 enemy at this point became complete. After 
 crossing the road and ravine the enemy 
 promptly rallied and attempted to turn upon us 
 by a flank movement on our left, but were pre 
 vented by the 8gth New York, under command 
 of Major Jardine of the Ninth, who gave them 
 the bayonet, and captured their colors, which 
 proved to be those of a South Carolina regi- 
 
L T. COL ON EL KIM BALL >S REPOR T. 319 
 
 ment, and completing the victory at this point. 
 After resting here for a short time and finding 
 the enemy massing fresh troops in large force 
 on our left, we were ordered to retire and take 
 position about four hundred yards in the rear 
 of the position we then occupied, which change 
 was executed in good order and without con 
 fusion. After remaining in this position for a 
 short time we were positively ordered to with 
 draw from the greater part of the field we had 
 won. 
 
 " The men retired in good order at a slow 
 step, and with tears in their eyes at the 
 necessity which compelled them to leave the 
 field they had so dearly won and bivouacked 
 for the night. Thus ended one of the hardest 
 battles ever fought on this continent. While 
 all behaved so gallantly it would be invidious 
 to mention one as distinguished above another. 
 
 Captain Libaire, Company E (color company) 
 did splendid service, and seized and carried 
 the colors when the sergeant bearing them 
 was shot down. 
 
 " Captain Childs, Company G, wounded by a 
 shell early in the morning, was prevented from 
 taking further part in the action of the day. 
 Captain Leahy, Company I, acted in the most 
 gallant manner, seizing and advancing to the 
 foremost front one of our standards when the 
 
320 NINTH REGIMENT. NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 regular bearer thereof was killed. Lieutenants 
 Bartholomew, Burdett, McKechnie, Klingsoehr 
 and Powell, all performed their duty in the 
 most gallant manner, and to my entire satis 
 faction. 
 
 " Lieutenant Graham, commanding Company 
 A (Captain Graham being sick in hospital) was 
 wounded, and since has had his leg amputated, 
 behaved in a most admirable manner. Lieu 
 tenant Horner, acting adjutant (Adjutant Bar- 
 nett being sick), behaved splendidly and 
 performed every duty in the coolest manner 
 and to my entire satisfaction. Captain Whiting 
 and Lieutenant Morris, of battery Company K, 
 although not under my immediate notice, being 
 detailed on artillery service in another part of 
 the field, I learned behaved well, Lieutenant 
 Morris making some excellent shots with his 
 rifled guns, and silencing one of the enemy s 
 batteries. The thanks of the entire regiment 
 are due to Surgeon Humphreys and Assistant- 
 Surgeon Harding, who were indefatigable in 
 their attentions to the wounded. 
 
 " We have to lament the death of 2d Lieut. E. 
 C. Cooper, who was wounded just as we entered 
 the charge, who thought his wounds slight and 
 refused to be carried from the field. He was a 
 good officer, a brave and gallant soldier, and 
 much beloved, and his loss is deeply regretted 
 by the regiment. 
 
LT. COLONEL KIMBALL^S REPORT. 321 
 
 " I cannot close this report without calling 
 your special attention to the Quartermaster- 
 Sergeant Pannes (slightly wounded), Sergeants 
 Dews, Whitney (wounded), and Schmidt; Cor 
 porals Farrell (wounded) Cornell and Roberts, 
 Company B ; Sergeants Forbes, Salisbury and 
 Corporal Vanduzer (all wounded) Company A ; 
 Sergeants Geayer, Stiles, Corporals Fields and 
 Stephens (all wounded) Company C ; Ser 
 geants Fitsgerald and Searing, Company D ; 
 Smith, Hankinson, Jackson and Keating (the 
 latter both wounded) Company E ; Riley, 
 River, Connor (wounded) Company I ; Color- 
 Sergeant Myers (wounded) Company C ; and 
 Color-Corporal Van Cott, Company A. 
 
 " I would also call your special attention to 
 Bugler Horn, who, until wounded, sounded the 
 various commands with as much coolness and 
 nonchalance as though on a parade-ground 
 instead of a battle-ground. 
 
 " The Pioneer Corps under Corporal Van 
 Duzer behaved well, indeed. 
 
 "There are many non-commissioned offi 
 cers and privates to whose names I would be 
 pleased to individually call attention, did space 
 permit, but suffice it to say that all behaved 
 gallantly and are entitled to credit for good 
 conduct on the field. * * * In conclusion, 
 my thanks are due to the 8qih New York, 
 
322 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 Major Jardine, and the iO3d New York, Major 
 Ringgold, for the efficient and united support 
 rendered us during the entire engagement. It 
 is proper to add that on the igth, I made a de 
 tail from my regiment under Lieutenant Pow 
 ell, who buried our entire dead and marked the 
 bodies for identification. 
 
 " Thanking you in behalf of my regiment for 
 the gallantry and coolness with which you com 
 manded us, and the confidence with which you 
 
 led us." 
 
 R A. KIMBALL, 
 
 Lieutenant-Colonel, 
 
 Commanding gth New York Volunteers. 
 
 To COL. H. I. FAIRCHILD, 
 
 Commanding ist Brigade, 
 
 3d Division, gth Army Corps. 
 
 "The report of Col. H. I. Fairchild, com 
 manding ist Brigade, 3d Division, gth Army 
 Corps, page 449, says : 
 
 "Saturday morning, September I3th, Gen 
 eral Rodman ordered the gth New York, under 
 command of Lieutenant-Colonel Kimball, to 
 support Colonel Rush s regiment of lancers on 
 the road from Frederick to Jefferson, and sub 
 sequently the battery company of the Ninth, 
 together with the 8gth and iO3d New York, 
 were ordered by General Parke, Chief of Staff, 
 .as additional support to the regiment, and on 
 
COLONEL FAIRCHILD S REPORT. 323 
 
 our arrival we found the lancers and Ninth had 
 a skirmish about five miles from Frederick. 
 
 "The enemy was reported in front with artill 
 ery and cavalry, and Company B of the Ninth 
 was sent forward to reconnoitre on the left, and 
 reported the enemy having left the position 
 they occupied the previous night with three 
 guns and a small cavalry force and the road 
 clear. 
 
 "Companies C and H, Captain Parisen and 
 Lieutenant McKechnie, were sent to the right 
 in the woods and discovered, engaged and 
 drove the enemy s pickets across the fields 
 toward Middletown, the lancers and remainder 
 of the Qth advancing toward Jefferson. With 
 the rest of the brigade I took position on the hill 
 one and one-half miles this side of Jefferson 
 forming line of battle, and at sunset received 
 an order from General Reno to return with the 
 brigade to Frederick, where we arrived at 7 
 o clock P.M., and received orders to march the 
 next morning (Sunday) at 3 A.M. Reaching 
 Middletown the next day at 10 A.M., we bivou 
 acked a few hours, then moved to South 
 Mountain Gap, and were ordered to the left to 
 form line of battle on Cox s division and sup 
 port Battery E, 4th U. S. Artillery. 
 
 " While forming line of battle we were at 
 tacked on the left by the 2d, 3d, I3th and 3Oth 
 
324 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 North Carolina regiments, their object being to 
 capture the battery which had been sometime 
 in position without support. 
 
 " The gth and iO3d New York were in line 
 of battle ready for action. The 8gth New York 
 got in line and opened fire (being the only 
 regiment engaged) with Battery E, 4th Artill 
 ery ; the enemy were repulsed, the left saved 
 from being turned, and the battery from being 
 taken. Our loss was 2 killed, 18 wounded. 
 We captured 18 prisoners and 150 stand of 
 small arms, holding our position during the 
 night, the enemy retreating. On the afternoon 
 of the 1 5th we marched till late at night, en 
 camping a little beyond Mt. Carmel. We were 
 again ordered forward in the afternoon of the 
 i6th, taking position on a hill in a cornfield on 
 the eastern shore of Antietam Creek, being the 
 extreme left of line. Placing two guns of the 
 9th battery in position on our left flank we 
 slept on our arms. 
 
 "At daylight, the enemy discovering our posi 
 tion, we were fired upon by sharpshooters and 
 briskly shelled by a battery on the opposite 
 side of creek. 
 
 " By order of General Rodman we left this 
 exposed position under a heavy fire, having 36 
 men wounded, and took position to the left 
 and rear, up the gorge of the mountain. After 
 
COLONEL FAIRCHIL&S REPORT. 323 
 
 resting two hours we were ordered to advance 
 and form line of battle on the crest of the hill 
 to the left of the position vacated in the morn 
 ing. The Qth battery was ordered to the left 
 and commenced shelling the road and woods 
 on the opposite side of creek driving the enemy 
 from their position. The enemy then ad 
 vanced their skirmishers, but were forced to 
 retire by the timely execution of this battery. 
 
 " The brigade then moved by the left flank 
 down to the ford, crossing the creek and form 
 ing in the woods, advanced and took a position 
 opposite the bridge and formed line of battle in 
 rear of a battery, remaining in position under a 
 heavy fire of shell for nearly an hour until 
 ordered to advance. General Rodman then 
 ordered us to advance to the support of Stur- 
 gis command. 
 
 " We advanced to the opposite hill up steep 
 embankments under a very severe fire from 
 the enemy s batteries. Arriving near a stone 
 fence the enemy (a brigade of South Carolina 
 and Georgia troops) opened on us with mus 
 ketry. After returning their fire I immediately 
 ordered a charge, which the whole brigade re 
 sponded to, moving with alacrity and steadi 
 ness. 
 
 " Arriving at the fence behind which the 
 enemy were awaiting us, receiving their fire 
 
326 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 and losing large numbers of men, we charged 
 over the fence dislodging them and driving 
 them from their position down the hill toward 
 the village. 
 
 " A stand of rebel colors of a South Carolina 
 regiment was here captured by private Thomas 
 Hare, Company D, 89th New York, who was 
 afterward killed. 
 
 "We continued to pursue down the hill, 
 when finding the enemy massing fresh troops 
 on our left, I went back and requested General 
 Rodman to bring up rapidly the second brigade 
 to our support, which he did, they engaging the 
 enemy, he soon after falling badly wounded. 
 The enemy were then discovered moving up 
 from the cornfield on our left to flank us, and 
 I ordered the brigade to retire about two hun 
 dred and fifty yards to the rear of the position 
 we now held, which movement was executed 
 in good order and without confusion. 
 
 " The large force advancing on our left flank 
 compelled us to retire from the position, which 
 we could have held had we been properly 
 supported. We remained in this position until 
 we were positively ordered from the field, the 
 officers and men regretting such a necessity. 
 Great praise is due Lieutenant-Colonel Kimball 
 commanding the 9th, Major Jardine com 
 manding the Sgth, and Major Ringgold com- 
 
LOSSES IN THE BATTLE. 327 
 
 manding the iO3<d regiment, for their coolness, 
 gallantry, and bravery on the field ; also to the 
 line officers of the several regiments and the 
 steadiness of the men." 
 
 H. I. FAIRCHILD, 
 
 Colonel 8gth New York, 
 
 Commanding ist Brigade. 
 
 The dead bodies of 54 of their comrades 
 lying on the field, with nearly 200 wounded, 
 proved how nobly and faithfully the Zouaves 
 fulfilled their vows to guard and protect their 
 regimental colors with their lives. 
 
 Their regiment went into action with eight 
 companies numbering 373 men, the loss being 
 54 killed, 158 wounded, and 28 missing, 
 amounting to a loss of 64.5 per cent, exceeded 
 by only ten regiments out of the more than 
 2,000 regiments enlisted on the Union side 
 during the "War of the Rebellion," and sur 
 passed by but one regiment from the Empire 
 State, which State furnished 445,959 men dur 
 ing that war. 
 
 To appreciate the magnitude of these figures 
 we quote from " Fox s Book of Regimental 
 Losses," a statement of the average loss of life 
 in battle : 
 
 " Mr. Kirkley, the statistician of the War 
 Department, states the death from battles dur- 
 
328 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 ing the Civil War at 110,070, of which 67,058 
 are classified as killed in action, and 43,012 as 
 having died of wounds." 
 
 From this it appears that on the average 
 the mortally wounded are equal to 64 per cent, 
 of the killed. 
 
 The proportion of wounded to killed, where 
 the mortally wounded are included with the 
 wounded, is a fraction over 4 to i. Where they 
 are included with the killed, the proportion is 
 something over 2 wounded to i killed. The 
 first represents the common form used in stat 
 ing the casualties at the close of an action, the 
 second the same loss, after the number who 
 died of wounds has been ascertained from the 
 muster-out rolls and added to the killed out 
 right, which generally increased the number of 
 killed over 50 per cent. 
 
 It should be remembered that the greater 
 part of the loss of the Ninth occurred in the 
 space of about fifteen minutes, as McClellan 
 mentions in his report of sending orders at 
 three o clock to Burnside to push forward with 
 vigor and carry the enemy s position on the 
 heights. 
 
 General Longstreet, in his book " From 
 Manassas to Appomattox," says, page 240 : 
 
 " But the sanguinary character of this battle 
 is most strikingly exhibited by a comparison of 
 
ANTIETAM COMPARED WITH OTHER BATTLES. 329 
 
 the accurate figures of the Federal losses re 
 turned specifically for the day. These show a 
 total killed and wounded of 11,657 ( or > m ~ 
 eluding the captured and missing, 12,410) as 
 contrasted with 17,567 killed and wounded in 
 three days at Gettysburg, 16,141 in eight days 
 at Spottssylvania, and 14,283 in the three days 
 at the Wilderness, while the three and two 
 days fighting respectively at Chancellorsville 
 and Chickamauga were actually productive of 
 less loss than this battle of one day. 
 
 " The exceeding losses of this battle are 
 further shown by the fact that of the 11,657 
 Federals stricken on the field, the great number 
 of 2,108 were actually slain more than two- 
 thirds of the number killed in three days at 
 Gettysburg (3,070). And this tremendous 
 tumult of carnage was entirely compassed in 
 the brief hours from dawn to four o clock in the 
 afternoon." 
 
 The brigade to which the Ninth was at 
 tached (Fairchild s) had a total loss of 455 in 
 killed, wounded and missing, the gth regiment 
 losing 240, or 53 per cent, of the brigade loss, 
 the regimental loss being 64.5 per cent. 
 
CHAPTER XL 
 
 RETREAT OF THE ARMY OF NORTHERN VIRGINIA APA 
 THY OF FIFTH CORPS CAMPING ON THE ANTIETAM 
 RECRUITS FOR THE NINTH THEIR RECEPTION 
 AND TREATMENT BY LIEUTENANT-COLONEL KIM- 
 BALL AND HIS TRIBUTE TO THE OLD REGIMENT- 
 CAPTAIN WHITING VISIT FROM PRESIDENT LIN 
 COLN THE LOAVES AND THE GOOD ZOUAVES - 
 HOSPITAL ARRANGEMENTS THE BAND PLAYS 
 "ANNIE LAURIE" FOR THE SICK MEN PROMOTION 
 OF SURGEON HUMPHREYS ACROSS ELK RIDGE 
 TO PLEASANT VALLEY " TENTING ON THE OLD 
 CAMP GROUND." 
 
 ON the following morning it was seen that 
 the army of Northern Virginia was still 
 in position with its front well covered with skir 
 mishers who were at times quite aggressive. 
 The remnant of the Ninth was ordered on the 
 skirmish line and were several times during 
 the day quite sharply engaged. The regiment 
 continued to act in this capacity until about 
 three o clock in the afternoon when it was with 
 drawn and went into bivouac. 
 
 The activity on the part of the enemy s skir 
 mishers was thought by many of the men in 
 
RE TREA T OF LE&S ARMY. 3 3 1 
 
 the Union army to be for the purpose of con 
 cealing important movements in their main 
 body, and it was learned later that they were 
 busily preparing for their withdrawal from their 
 position and across the Potomac, which move 
 ment was successfully accomplished that same 
 night notwithstanding the presence of the eighty 
 or ninety thousand men of McClellan s army. 
 
 Among the troops, on the left of the Federal 
 line at least, it was a matter of wonder why 
 they remained so comparatively inactive, only 
 resisting the aggressive action of the enemy s 
 skirmishers, instead of " going in " and renew 
 ing the battle in earnest. It was a matter quite 
 generally discussed among officers and enlisted 
 men, and it was the almost unanimous opinion 
 among them that Lee s army could be com 
 pletely destroyed if active operations were re 
 sumed at once and carried out with spirit and 
 determination, and at a loss that would be in 
 significant as compared with that of the day 
 before. Now, after the lapse of years, and with 
 the knowledge we possess concerning the con 
 dition of each army, it is incomprehensible why 
 the Army of the Potomac was not pushed for 
 ward vigorously and Lee s army utterly de 
 stroyed or captured. 
 
 The whole fifth army corps had been held in 
 reserve all day on the iyth. They had not 
 
332 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 been engaged with the enemy, nor does it ap 
 pear that they had been used for any military 
 purpose whatever either during or after the 
 battle. To the ordinary citizen soldier, not 
 especially educated and trained for the profes 
 sion of arms, it seemed that troops held in 
 reserve should be so held for a purpose and 
 with specific objects in view. That after 
 the enemy had been shattered and weakened 
 by successive, and more or less successful 
 attacks, the reserves should be pushed forward 
 and the destruction of the enemy s line, already 
 wavering, be completed and the victory made 
 sure; or that, in the event of disaster and re 
 pulse, it should be used to cover the retreat of 
 the rest of the army. This latter contingency 
 was not present on the Union side at any time 
 during the battle of Antietam, and in regard to 
 the former, this splendid fifth corps, the admira 
 tion of every West Pointer in the army, which 
 comprised within its ranks all the regular troops 
 in the army of the Potomac, did not pull a 
 trigger all that day. Lee s army had been so 
 broken and beaten that day that Longstreet 
 afterwards described its condition at the con 
 clusion of the fight as being " torn into tatters." 
 Still the opposing commanders permitted an 
 army in that condition to retire and cross a 
 difficult river without molesting it. The corps 
 
NEGLECTED OPPORTUNITIES. 333 
 
 to which the Zouaves belonged, the Ninth, is 
 said to have numbered about fifteen thousand 
 men of all arms. Some of its brigades had 
 sustained comparatively little loss not enough 
 to seriously impair their effectiveness and most 
 of them were certainly in a condition to be 
 pushed forward at the critical moment. That 
 moment arrived on their part of the field when 
 Fairchild s brigade broke the enemy s right and 
 drove his scattered soldiers into the village of 
 Sharpsburg. Hill s attack on the flank of Fair- 
 child s advancing brigade, and on the left of 
 the line, would have amounted to even less than 
 it did had a fresh brigade of infantry been 
 thrown forward to oppose him when it was 
 first made. It is now known that he had only 
 about twenty-five hundred men left in his com 
 mand after the forced march from Harper s 
 Ferry, while there was force enough unengaged 
 in the Ninth corps alone to brush him off the 
 field with very little trouble. 
 
 This is not the place, however, nor is it the 
 intention of the writer of this chronicle of the 
 Ninth Regiment to enter into any extended 
 criticism of military movements and operations, 
 or to attempt to record anything that does not 
 pertain particularly to the regiment and is ne 
 cessary to describe its services while in the field. 
 
 On the i gth the regiment moved about six 
 
334 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 miles and established a camp on the bank of 
 the Antietam where the regular routine of army 
 life, drills, parades, etc., was again resumed. 
 
 At about this date a large body of recruits, 
 that had been specially enlisted for the regiment, 
 was received from New York. The exact num 
 ber cannot now be given, but there were enough 
 of them to double at least the then effective 
 strength of the command. Lieutenant-Colonel 
 Kimball s reception and treatment of them was 
 decidedly original. To simply say that he was 
 proud of the regiment, especially after the way 
 the men had behaved in the late battle, the 
 unflinching courage they had shown even after 
 their number had been reduced by the fire of 
 the enemy to less than a hundred men, does 
 not fully describe his feelings toward them. 
 
 The newly arrived recruits were regularly 
 assigned to the various companies and they 
 began to receive instructions in their duties 
 and practice in the drill and manual as was 
 usual, but Kimball would not at first permit 
 them to parade in the ranks with the other men 
 upon occasions of ceremony. He did not con 
 sider it proper to permit raw recruits to become 
 at once fully privileged members of such a 
 regiment as the Ninth. On two or three occa 
 sions after the evening parades had been 
 resumed (which was some days after the battle) 
 
HOW KIMBAL L RECEIVED THE RECRUITS. 335 
 
 he caused them to be separated from the other 
 men and formed in a battalion and drawn up in 
 a position from which there was a good view 
 of the dress-parade and where they easily could 
 see the various details of the ceremony and 
 observe the general appearance of the men, and 
 the style of the regiment. He explained to 
 them that it would be out of place to permit 
 new and untried men to parade with, and at 
 once become part of, such a regiment, and that 
 he wished to give them the opportunity to 
 study the command to which they had been 
 assigned. He informed them that they must 
 consider themselves very fortunate in getting 
 into the best regiment in the service and in 
 sharing the honor that regiment had already 
 gained. He also directed them to look at the 
 boys and to remember that they were the 
 remnant of a gallant organization that had, in 
 obedience to orders, advanced against a greatly 
 superior force of infantry supported by three 
 batteries of artillery, and that they had con 
 tinued unhesitatingly and unflinchingly to " obey 
 the orders of the officers appointed over them," 
 which orders on that occasion had been simply 
 forward," and this while being constantly 
 decimated by the enemy s fire, and that after 
 having left sixty-five per cent, of L their number 
 dead and wounded on the ground, they had 
 
336 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 dislodged a brigade of the enemy from a strong 
 position which they then occupied and had held 
 the ground until positively ordered away by 
 superior authority. He assured the recruits 
 that they had honor reflected upon them by 
 simply belonging to such a regiment, and that 
 it was a privilege which they should not under 
 estimate to be in a position to claim these men 
 as comrades. Continuing, he said he was not 
 sure that he would be justified in permitting 
 new and untried men to take their places, just 
 yet, in the ranks of a regiment with such an ex 
 ceptionally honorable record, where they (the 
 recruits) would be mistaken by the ordinary ob- 
 server, for the men who had participated in the 
 " Charge of the Ninth New York at Antietam." 
 Their future conduct, he said, would determine 
 his course in reference to that. He hoped they 
 would soon have an opportunity to show what 
 kind of soldiers they would make and when the 
 time did come, whether soon or late, he hoped 
 and almost believed that they would prove 
 they were not unworthy of standing in the 
 ranks with the old men of the Ninth Regiment. 
 Of course some of the old boys heard this 
 harangue and all of them sooner or later heard 
 about it. It pleased them greatly to learn that 
 the u old man" had such a good opinion of 
 them, and was so proud of their behavior in the 
 
A RUDE AWAKENING. 337 
 
 recent battle. There is not the slightest doubt 
 that the incident had a very beneficial and ele 
 vating effect on both veteran and recruit. 
 There can be very little doubt that the object 
 he had in view was to strengthen the esprit de 
 corps among the older men and to inspire the 
 new ones with a desire to show themselves 
 worthy of any regiment or of any cause, and, 
 as on another occasion, when the regiment was 
 going into action at Roanoke Island, where his 
 remarks to the men were somewhat differently 
 worded, but with the same end in view, there is 
 no doubt his object was attained. 
 
 The world contains men of all kinds and 
 characters. Their diversity was as great among 
 the Zouaves as elsewhere under similar condi 
 tions. Some of a certain kind thought they saw 
 in the Lieutenant-Colonel s remarks to the re 
 cruits indications of an approaching change in 
 his manner of governing the regiment. Prob 
 ably some of them even went so far as to im 
 agine that hereafter the " old man" would fra 
 ternize with them, and would be likely to call a 
 meeting of the regiment and put it to a vote to 
 determine the advisability of executing an order 
 or performing a military duty - - to simulate a 
 sort of town meeting. But they were woefully 
 mistaken, for on the first sign of carelessness or 
 inattention to the slightest detail of duty, they 
 
338 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 were rudely and suddenly awakened to a rea 
 lization that they had been dreaming, that the 
 old rule of discipline --constant and rigid dis 
 cipline-- under all conditions and at all times 
 still prevailed. 
 
 While the regiment was encamped at this 
 place Colonel Hawkins returned from leave of 
 absence. Upon reporting for duty he was as 
 signed to the command of the division, which 
 was the 3d Division of the gth Corps. The 
 command of a division is, under ordinary cir 
 cumstances, that of a major-general, but the 
 scarcity of officers just then, due principally to 
 the exceptionally large number killed and 
 wounded during the battle of the iyth, made 
 it necessary to assign the surviving officers to 
 a much larger command than their grade would 
 entitle them to under ordinary conditions. 
 
 Colonel Hawkins ranked as colonel from the 
 4th of May, 1861, which in all probability made 
 him at that time and subsequently until the 
 muster-out of the regiment, the ranking colonel 
 in the Army of the Potomac. 
 
 From the date of the occupation of Hatteras 
 by the regiment until the expiration of its term 
 of service, the Colonel always commanded a 
 larger sub-division of the army than a regiment. 
 The only exception to this was during the 
 Roanoke Island campaign, when the Ninth was 
 
CHANGES AMONG THE OFFICERS. 339 
 
 attached to the brigade of General Parke, Colo 
 nel Hawkins being in command of his own 
 regiment. In the absence of the colonel as 
 brigade division or post commander, the senior 
 field officer present with the regiment was the 
 commanding officer. Lieutenant-Colonel Betts 
 performed this duty until his resignation, when 
 he was succeeded by Kimball, first as major, 
 and afterwards as lieutenant-colonel. This 
 will serve to explain why the name of Kim- 
 ball so often appears as the commanding offi 
 cer. He was so in fact. 
 
 About this time Captain Whiting, of Com 
 pany K, resigned his commission. His loss 
 was much regretted by nearly every one in the 
 regiment, especially by the men of his own 
 company. He had always shown himself to be 
 a good officer. He was a strict disciplinarian, 
 but kind and considerate toward his men, while 
 his conduct in battle left nothing to be desired. 
 
 Lieutenant Richard Morris, of the same com 
 pany, was promoted to the vacancy and became 
 captain of the company. He had developed an 
 extraordinary aptitude in the handling of bat 
 teries, proving himself a natural artillerist. His 
 skill attracted the notice of his superior officers 
 and he became well known throughout the 
 whole corps as a marvelously accurate shot, 
 either with a field-piece or a siege gun. 
 
340 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 On the 236 of the month Company K was, by 
 order of General Burnside, detached from the 
 regiment and directed to report to the com 
 manding officer at Harper s Ferry, when it was 
 assigned to a position on Bolivar Heights. 
 
 On the 26th the camp of the regiment was 
 moved about six miles to a location near the 
 Antietam Iron Works. It was a much better 
 place for a permanent camp than the former 
 one. There was an abundance of good water 
 for all purposes, and in addition other advan 
 tages, such as convenience to transportation 
 facilities, etc., which the old camp did not 
 possess. Rations began to be issued here in 
 quantities somewhat approaching the regular 
 army allowance. Fresh meat and fresh vegeta 
 bles were included in the issues, and the men 
 of the regiment had the first opportunity to 
 fully satisfy their hunger that they had enjoyed 
 since the advance guard of the army first struck 
 the enemy s rear east of Monocacy Ridge on 
 the gth or lothof September. 
 
 President Lincoln visited the army while the 
 Ninth was in camp here. On the 3d of October 
 the regiment had the honor of being reviewed 
 by him. The men were very proud of it, and 
 each one did his very best to aid the regiment 
 in making the best appearance possible before 
 the chief magistrate. The President seemed 
 
PRESIDENT LINCOLN IN CAMP. 34 1 
 
 very much pleased with what he saw, and was 
 quite complimentary almost flattering in his 
 comments on the regiment, on its proficiency 
 in drill, on its general style, its movements and 
 its marchings. This was extremely gratifying 
 to both officers and men, especially as his 
 remarks were made to, or in the presence and 
 hearing of a number of prominent personages, 
 generals included, who had attended him at the 
 review. ^It is well known that commendation 
 is to a soldier, as indeed it is to nearly every 
 one, the very breath of life. Honorable men 
 tion in an order or a report, the simple saying 
 of " well done " by a superior, repays him for 
 any risks run or any task attempted. 
 
 It may be interesting to relate an incident 
 which occurred here in the presence of Mr. 
 Lincoln which will show to the reader how the 
 varied experiences of soldiers in camp and 
 field taught them to be prompt to act and 
 resourceful in expedient at all times and under 
 all circumstances. 
 
 As a mild apology for what follows the writer 
 desires to explain that ever since the manoeu 
 vring and fighting which led up to the battles 
 of South Mountain and Antietam began, food 
 had been so scarce that the men had continued 
 in a state of ravenous hunger. While every 
 road in the territory over which two armies are 
 
342 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 marching, manoeuvring and skirmishing pre 
 paratory to engaging in a great battle is for 
 days fully occupied by the moving troops, or 
 reserved to be used for the rapid transfer of 
 regiments and batteries to critical points as 
 they may be needed, the quartermaster s trains 
 are compelled to hover on the fringe of the 
 army. Occasionally some quartermaster will 
 push in in the night with one or more wagons, 
 and if fortunate enough to find his command, 
 will replenish the empty haversacks with more 
 or less hardtack. But they seldom succeed in 
 their efforts to do this. Generally there is con 
 siderable suffering from hunger. This condi 
 tion still continues for some days after the 
 battle has been fought. Then every energy is 
 exerted in caring for the wounded and in 
 bringing up ammunition to fill the empty ammu 
 nition chests and cartridge boxes. This last 
 takes precedence of everything. The battle 
 may be renewed at any moment, and without a 
 sufficient supply of cartridges the army is lost. 
 It is a very difficult matter to get anything to 
 eat at such times, The living if the opportu 
 nity offers empty the haversacks of the dead 
 and the neighboring fields are scoured in 
 search of corn, potatoes or anything that can 
 be cooked for food. 
 
 As soon as the beaten army retreats and it 
 
AN UNWELCOME INTERRUPTION. 343 
 
 becomes comparatively safe to move about 
 again, the commercial spirit suddenly awakes 
 and the wagons of the sutler fill the land. Not 
 alone the army sutler, but men from near and 
 far and women also at times -- appear in the 
 various camps offering eatables for sale, bread 
 being the staple. 
 
 One morning, during the time the President 
 was on his visit to the army, several of the 
 Zouaves found themselves part of a crowd of 
 soldiers surrounding a wagon loaded with 
 bread which was being peddled along the road. 
 Some of the soldiers in the crowd had money 
 and bought, but, alas, some of them had none, 
 and still they wanted the bread. To want and 
 to have are sometimes very closely allied in 
 the army, so a linch-pin was slipped out, a 
 wheel removed, and the whole load upset in 
 the road. A general scramble was made for 
 the scattered loaves and when the tumult was 
 at its height General Burnside s carriage, in 
 which he was escorting the President on a visit 
 to one of the camps in the vicinity, suddenly 
 appeared in the midst of it. The occupants of 
 the carriage were instantly recognized and as a 
 result the raiders scattered in every direction, 
 each man, however, clinging tightly to his 
 stolen loaf and endeavoring to put as much 
 ground between himself and the carriage in as 
 
344 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 short a period of time as possible, in the hope 
 that the letters and numbers denoting his com 
 pany, regiment, and State would not be noted. 
 Each of the Zouaves instead of taking to flight 
 like guilty things upon recognizing the occu 
 pants of the vehicle, as if moved by a common 
 impulse, released the loaf which had been hid 
 den under his blouse, permitted it to fall to the 
 ground at his feet, and assuming as uncon 
 cerned an expression of countenance as was 
 possible under the circumstances, drew himself 
 up and assuming the most approved " position 
 of a soldier" received the distinguished, but 
 nevertheless at that time unwelcome, visitors 
 with a profound military salute. 
 
 Burnside who had seen what was going on 
 while the carriage was still some distance from 
 the wrecked wagon began shouting at the men 
 to cease their outrageous conduct. In fact they 
 were so intent on the business in hand that 
 had it not been for this shouting he could pro 
 bably have driven right into the midst of the 
 crowd before they would have noticed him. 
 
 As the raiders scattered over the fields the 
 General at first shouted after them to come 
 back ; but no, no ! He then turned to the 
 group of expressionless but innocent looking 
 Zouaves standing "at attention " on the side of 
 the road, and with a great deal of gesticulation 
 
THE GOOD ZOUAVES. 345 
 
 and with considerable show of excitement, 
 commanded "Go after those men and bring 
 them back ! You New York men - - you Zou 
 aves go after those men ; arrest them ! Bring 
 them back here!" 
 
 The President neither said or did anything 
 to indicate that he was especially interested in 
 the affair, he simply looked on. 
 
 Some of the boys thought the General rather 
 overdid the thing, but they all started after the 
 fleeing culprits with a great show of zeal and in 
 a few minutes each one had overtaken and laid 
 hands on a robber and brought him back to 
 where the General was awaiting them. 
 
 Burnside berated them soundly using de 
 cidedly pointed and vigorous language in 
 doing it. He was astounded he said to learn 
 that he had such men in his command ; that 
 the army contained men who had profited so 
 little by the teachings of discipline and who 
 would so openly and shamelessly disobey 
 orders. He nearly overwhelmed, with modest 
 confusion, the meek and diffident looking Zou 
 aves when he pointed to them as examples of 
 what good soldiers were and informed the 
 crestfallen prisoners that here were men who 
 would never so far demean themselves and dis 
 grace their uniforms as to rob a poor peddler of 
 bread just because they happened at the 
 
346 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 moment to feel a little hungry. He finished 
 by ordering the captors to turn their prisoners 
 over to the provost guard. This, like good 
 soldiers who always obey orders, they did. 
 But they also reasoned that the probabilities 
 were that more important matters would soon 
 cause the General to forget this little affair, so, 
 when the provost officer asked for information 
 as to what the charges against the prisoners 
 were, they informed him that they " didn t 
 know," that General Burnside had directed 
 them to turn them over to the provost guard, 
 and that they thought it was for " straggling." 
 Then with mixed feeling of sadness and ela 
 tion, sadness at the loss of the " soft tack " they 
 still longed for, and elation because of the 
 good but mistaken opinion General Burnside 
 had expressed in reference to their soldierly 
 qualities, etc., and because they had been en 
 abled to have such a close view and, they might 
 say, protracted interview with the President of 
 the nation, they betook themselves to the 
 regimental camp to relate their adventure and 
 embelish the same each according to his own 
 fancy. 
 
 The various changes of camp that had been 
 made since the day of the battle had contin 
 ually removed the regiment farther away from 
 the hospital where its wounded were. 
 
VISITING THE WOUNDED. 347 
 
 About the time the last change of camp had 
 taken place the wounded had also been col 
 lected and taken to a division hospital which 
 had been established several miles in a direc 
 tion opposite to the one taken by the regiment. 
 This made visiting the wounded a matter of 
 considerable difficulty, both on account of time 
 and distance, and was a serious hardship to 
 both the wounded and those on duty. Brothers 
 wished to see brothers, and friends and tent- 
 mates were desirous of visiting and convers 
 ing with the wounded companions with whom 
 they had marched and tented. There was no 
 company in the regiment but had more than 
 one set of brothers in it, and in many in 
 stances some of them were wounded while 
 some escaped uninjured. In Company H, out 
 of the three brothers Johnston, David was killed 
 on the field, John died of his wounds in hos 
 pital, and Robert came out uninjured. In 
 Company A, of the two Van Cotts and two 
 Stages, one of each was wounded and one 
 escaped. This was also the case with the 
 Rassigas of Company C, and probably every 
 company in the regiment had similar cases. 
 It can easily be understood from these exam 
 ples how anxious the majority of the well men 
 were to visit, or at least hear, regularly from 
 the hospital. 
 
348 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 During and immediately after the battle the 
 wounded were gathered together for treatment 
 at the most convenient places, which were in 
 nearly every instance the various farmhouses 
 on the field and in the immediate vicinity of it. 
 Surgeon Humphreys first established his field 
 hospital at a point near Burnside s Bridge, 
 When later in the day the rebel batteries 
 opened fire on the bridge, with the object of 
 preventing or delaying the crossing of troops, 
 it proved to be in direct range and was sub 
 jected to a heavy fire. A good many casualties 
 occurred among the wounded from this cause. 
 Humphreys sent them away as quickly as he 
 could, and the first suitable placed reached was 
 Miller s house. This was taken possession of 
 and was soon filled with men having wounds 
 of all kinds and degrees. Not only the dwell 
 ing but all the outhouses, sheds and other 
 shelters were filled, while the orchard, door- 
 yard and barnyard were crowded with them, 
 both Union and Confederate. These men out 
 side were obliged to lie on the ground with 
 absolutely no protection of any kind. Most of 
 them without even blankets under them, and 
 no roof save the blue sky over any of them. 
 They, however, appeared to do better ; their 
 progress toward convalescence was more rapid, 
 and there were fewer deaths among them (other 
 
THE LONG TRAMP TO THE HOSPITAL. 349 
 
 things being equal) than among those in the 
 house. Surgeon Humphreys was so impressed 
 with this fact that he seriously contemplated 
 removing all his wounded to the open air. 
 
 In the early part of October tents were 
 erected at a placed called Locust Spring and 
 a division hospital established there. The 
 wounded from Miller s house and grounds 
 were transferred to the new location. Not 
 withstanding the distance between the regi 
 ment and this hospital the men still continued 
 to get passes from camp and take the long 
 tramp to visit their suffering comrades. None 
 of the boys had anything to bring, and had no 
 way of procuring anything that would add to 
 the comfort of the patients. All they had to 
 offer was sympathy and cheering words. It 
 was affecting and sometimes a little comical to 
 observe the means taken by some of the vis 
 itors to cheer up the others. Like Traddles 
 drawing skeletons for David Copperfield, to 
 cheer him up when he learned of his mother s 
 death. 
 
 Lieutenant-Colonel Kimball marched the reg 
 imental band all the way from camp one Sun 
 day to play for the sick boys. They gave their 
 best selections of marching tunes and other 
 music and devoted several hours to alternately 
 playing and visiting from bed to bed, or to be 
 
35O NIN IH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 more correct, from man to man, as there were 
 no beds, all the men lying on the ground or on 
 such makeshift protection from direct contact 
 with mother earth as the soldier nurses could 
 improvise out of the materials within reach. 
 
 Lieutenant-Colonel Kimball and several com 
 missioned officers, together with a number of 
 enlisted men, accompanied the band on this 
 occasion. Their presence had a good effect on 
 the wounded boys, who kept them busy an 
 swering questions about the regiment. The 
 regiment appeared to be uppermost in the 
 thoughts of each of them. They wanted to 
 know how it looked on parade ; what number 
 of men were present for duty ; what kind of a 
 camp they had ; what Burnside and the other 
 generals had said in their reports in relation to 
 the charge of the regiment in the battle, and a 
 hundred similar questions. It was always the 
 regiment : its welfare, its esprit de corps and its 
 standing and reputation in the corps and in the 
 army. 
 
 About this time Surgeon Humphreys was 
 ordered on duty with the troops to act as divis 
 ion surgeon. While the boys were pleased to 
 hear of his advance in rank and gratified that 
 his worth as a man, and his professional skill 
 as a surgeon were recognized and rewarded by 
 the military authorities, still they did not like 
 
CROSSING ELK RIDGE. 351 
 
 to see him go. Each man in the regiment re 
 posed the utmost confidence in his skill and 
 judgment, and the wounded had perfect faith in 
 his ability to " pull them through." Therefore, 
 the knowledge that he was ordered away caused 
 considerable uneasiness among them. 
 
 He was succeeded by Dr. Squires, Chief Sur 
 geon of the 8gth New York, a regiment of their 
 own brigade. He proved to be a sympathetic 
 man, a good surgeon and an excellent executive 
 officer. 
 
 On October yth the regiment again broke 
 camp, crossed the mountain called Elk Ridge, 
 and went into camp in Pleasant Valley. The 
 climb over the mountain was an arduous one 
 and somewhat trying on the men, as they were 
 in heavy marching order and the way was rough 
 and steep. They were repaid, however, in a 
 measure, by the view, which, broadening and 
 changing as they ascended, opened to them a 
 more beautiful and varied panorama than it had 
 been the fortune of many of these city-bred boys 
 to have viewed before. The whole country lay 
 spread below them like a picture, the undula 
 tions softened and the landscape beautified by 
 distance. The villages of Sharpesburg, Kee- 
 dysville and Boonsboro appeared like collec 
 tions of toy houses and churches, while the 
 scattered farmhouses, each nestling beside its 
 
352 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 grove or orchard, assisted in completing a 
 picture of a peaceful pastoral scene which was 
 gratifying to the eye of these men so far sepa 
 rated from home and peace. It was hard to 
 realize that only a few days since nearly two 
 hundred thousand men had striven here in 
 mortal combat. 
 
 The new r camp now occupied was found to 
 be very favorably located and excellent in 
 almost every respect. It was situated on the 
 main road and had good terminal facilities. A 
 fine stream of water flowed conveniently near, 
 always a welcome as well as a necessary ad 
 junct to a camp. The weather was now getting 
 quite cold, especially at night, and shelter tents 
 were the only protection the men had. Rations 
 were still deplorably insufficient, causing much 
 inconvenience and some suffering. 
 
 The regiment remained in camp in Pleasant 
 Valley until the 28th of the month. In the 
 meantime Major Jardine had been relieved from 
 the command of the 8gih New York, to which 
 he had been assigned at the opening of the 
 campaign, and had returned to duty with the 
 regiment. Lieutenant Bartholemew, of Com 
 pany B, had, since the battle, been appointed 
 adjutant. The regular everyday routine of 
 camp life, drills, guard-mounts, and parades 
 was being- followed when, on the 28th of Oc- 
 
AGAIN ON THE MARCH. 353 
 
 tober, the " general " was again sounded, and 
 tents were struck and the regiment started on 
 the march after Lee and the army of Northern 
 Virginia, which ended just one month later at 
 the old campground of the preceding summer, 
 opposite the city of Fredricksburg, Va. 
 
CHAPTER XII. 
 
 CLOTHING AND CAMP EQUIPPAGE LEFT AT MERIDIAN 
 HILL CLEANLINESS KNAPSACKS RECOVERED - 
 KNAPSACK DRILL HUNGER, COLD AND MARCHING 
 THREE COLUMNS ABREAST COMPANY G AS 
 HEADQUARTER S GUARD COMPANY K JOINS GEN 
 ERAL KAUTZ GENERAL BURNSIDE RELIEVES GEN 
 ERAL McCLELLAN OF THE COMMAND OF THE ARMY 
 SCATTERING A QUARTERMASTER S TRAIN GOOD 
 ARTILLERY SHOOTING THANKSGIVING DAY AT 
 FALMOUTH BATTLE OF FREDRICKSBURG STRAGG 
 LERS WINTER QUARTERS IN VIRGINIA ON TO 
 FORTRESS MONROE. 
 
 EVER since the opening of the campaign on 
 September yth, all the knapsacks belong 
 ing to the regiment, together with the company 
 property, had lain piled together under the 
 trees of Meridian Hill, covered with tarpaulins, 
 unguarded and at the mercy of those "whom 
 it might concern." Consequently neither offi 
 cers nor men had opportunity to change under 
 clothing. Each man s wardrobe consisted of 
 just what he stood in. The only article of extra 
 raiment provided was for the feet and nearly 
 every man carried an extra pair of socks in his 
 
LAUNDRY WORK UNDER DIFFICULTIES. 355 
 
 blanket roll. Some men were naturally im 
 provident and also inclined to be careless of 
 personal cleanliness. These soon learned from 
 experience on the long marches how necessary 
 for their comfort was a due regard for the feet 
 and that clean socks were necessary and a sim 
 ple expedient to that end. Lieutenant-Colonel 
 Kimball had steadily and persistently insisted 
 on the importance of this sort of cleanliness. As 
 a result of these continual reminders all the 
 men soon acquired a habit of exchanging soiled 
 for clean socks whenever such a fortunate 
 combination as a roadside halt and a conve 
 nient stream happened to favor them. Many a 
 fist fight was caused by the failure of one man 
 to properly respect the rights of another in this 
 connection. There were those who thought 
 lessly and perhaps selfishly squatted down on 
 the bank of the brook at times and began wash 
 ing the socks in which they had marched all 
 day, within a foot or two of the spot where a 
 comrade was industriously filling the canteens 
 of his squad with drinking water. It was the 
 general rule under such conditions to follow 
 the practice of John Burns, of Gettysburg, " Be 
 slow to argue but quick to act." 
 
 The task of providing other articles of clean 
 apparel was a more difficult one. The problem 
 of clean shirts, for instance, was solved as fol- 
 
356 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 lows: The shirt was removed during a tempo 
 rary halt near a stream and washed. As the 
 halt was seldom or never of sufficient length 
 to permit the drying of the garment, it was 
 spread over the naked shoulders of the owner 
 and carried thus, he meanwhile marching along 
 amid clouds of dust with the column. This 
 cleansing process was, therefore, often ques 
 tionable and always comparative. It was com 
 forting to the men, however, for it inspired a 
 belief that the garment was thereby rendered 
 less inviting as a retreat for -certain unwelcome 
 and generally unmentionable invaders of the 
 army blue. 
 
 At the opening of the campaign the quarter 
 master s department had taken charge of the 
 discarded knapsacks, and after the battle of 
 Antietam had been fought and the campaign 
 ended by the escape of Lee across the Potomac, 
 they had been sent forward in pursuit of the 
 army in an effort to deliver them to the various 
 commands to which they belonged. 
 
 When it became known that they had been 
 so forwarded and that they were then some 
 where west of South Mountain, in the hands of 
 those who were trying to find the owners, de 
 tails were sent out with instructions to find 
 those belonging to the Ninth and bring them 
 into camp. The first detail sent out was un- 
 
KNAPSACK DRILLS. 357 
 
 successful. The next, however, was more 
 fortunate and on the 8th of the month they 
 returned with the long lost property. On the 
 day following amid much rejoicing, the knap 
 sacks were distributed to the men. They were 
 at once overhauled for changes of clothing and 
 incidentally to ascertain how much property 
 each unfortunate had been despoiled of by the 
 quartermaster s men. 
 
 The receipt of the knapsacks very soon 
 proved to be anything but an unmixed blessing. 
 Knapsack drills began to be very much in 
 vogue much to the disgust of the men, who 
 were frequently compelled to take long practice 
 marches weighed down with all their earthly 
 possessions. This was probably done for the 
 purpose of getting them accustomed to moving 
 in heavy marching order. 
 
 The regular daily routine now was company 
 drill in the mornings, knapsack drill in the 
 afternoons, and always dress parade in the 
 evenings. 
 
 The weather was now becoming very unset 
 tled. There were a good many rainy days and 
 several times falls of snow. Some of the latter 
 might fairly be said to have attained the dignity 
 of storms. 
 
 The only means which the men of the regiment 
 had for protection against the inclemency of the 
 
358 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 weather was the regular shelter-tent; a piece 
 of unbleached muslin two and a half yards 
 long and a yard wide. A row of buttons along 
 one side and end, and a row of button holes on 
 the opposite ones, was the means by which two 
 or more of them could be joined together for 
 the purpose of making a tent or shelter of the 
 desired size. These were utilized in every pos 
 sible way in order to provide the best protection 
 possible against the storms of the season. 
 
 The regiment continued an uncomfortable, 
 hand-to-mouth existence, being short of rations 
 nearly all the time, until the 28th of the month 
 when, having received instructions to prepare 
 for the event, the " general " was sounded, tents 
 struck and a start made on the long and toil 
 some march through Virginia which ended only 
 when it arrived at Falmouth Station on the 
 opposite side of the river from Fredricksburg. 
 
 During the greater part of this march where 
 conditions made it possible to do so the army 
 was moved in three columns, marching as 
 nearly abreast of each other as was practicable. 
 One of the columns occupied the road, while 
 the others marched on either side of the road 
 in the fields, keeping as near together as the 
 conformation of the ground would permit. 
 This order of march was changed each day by 
 the column which had enjoyed the use of the 
 
MARCHING IN THREE COLUMNS. 359 
 
 road the day before taking the fields, while the 
 others occupied the road alternately. 
 
 The advantages gained by this system were 
 many. Under it the army moved much more 
 rapidly than it could have done in the single 
 column formation. The various divisions 
 and brigades were enabled to get out of 
 camp in the morning at nearly the same time. 
 It did away with the long tiresome waits which 
 the center and left were compelled to endure in 
 the mornings before the right of the line could 
 get out of their way. It was equally advan 
 tageous at night. All the troops were able to 
 bring their day s march to an end nearer 
 together. The men of the center and rear were 
 no longer obliged to stumble along hour after 
 hour in the dark over bad roads, in order to 
 reach camp where the troops on the right of the 
 column had probably been since the afternoon 
 or early evening. 
 
 So far as the question of discomforts, or the 
 opposite, was concerned, this march through 
 Virginia was just the reverse of the one through 
 Maryland. Then the weather was generally 
 pleasant and the roads were always good. 
 Now, the season being well advanced, the 
 weather was very often stormy and the roads 
 were always wretched. 
 
 The enemy in front was always on the alert 
 
36O NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 and vigorously disputed the advance of the 
 army by every means at his command. The 
 troops were marched and countermarched con- 
 tinously, and, in the opinion of the wearied men, 
 without plan or reason, as they could not un 
 derstand why they should be repeatedly hurried 
 back and forth over roads they had just 
 traveled. Reveille was sounded at any un 
 reasonable hour in the morning if, indeed, 
 there had been any bivouac at all. Marching 
 hither and thither, sometimes on the roads and 
 sometimes across the fields in line of battle ; 
 skirmishing with the enemy or standing in line 
 for hours at a time, expecting momentarily to 
 be ordered into action ; rain decended one 
 day and snow the next; little to eat at any 
 time and on many days nothing; wading 
 ice-cold streams and plodding through mud, 
 but always gaining something from the enemy 
 and constantly pushing farther into the Con 
 federacy. In this way, after having crossed 
 the Potomac at Berlin, they successively 
 passed through Wheatland, Union, Upperville, 
 Rectortown and Gascons Mills, which latter 
 place was reached on the yth of November. 
 On the 3ist of October, Company G of the 
 regiment, (Captain Childs) had been detailed as 
 headquarter s guard for General Burnside. 
 While the men were classed as being on the 
 
COMPANY G AT HEADQ UAR TERS. 361 
 
 provost guard of the army, as a matter of fact, 
 they took no orders from anybody except the 
 commanding general. The detail was con 
 sidered a great honor and a desirable one in 
 every way. The company was relieved from 
 the harrassing march and countermarch which 
 was a necessity with the other troops. They 
 were also in a position to have their requisi 
 tions for necessaries promptly honored, especi 
 ally those for rations. The men were con 
 sidered, in the vernacular of the camp as having 
 a " soft thing," and were more or less envied 
 by their less fortunate comrades. They con 
 tinued to act as headquarters guard until 
 General Burnside was relieved of the command 
 of the army. 
 
 On November 3rd, Company K was ordered 
 from the position which it had occupied on 
 Bolivar Heights and sent to join General 
 Kautz, who was about starting on an extended 
 reconnoisance into the Shenandoah Valley 
 It remained as part of his command until the 
 regiment arrived at Fredricksburg. 
 
 While the Ninth was in the vicinity of Gas 
 cons Mills, the ground was covered with snow. 
 This added very much to the discomfort of 
 the soldiers. They were obliged to remove 
 it in some way, either with hands, feet or 
 whatever could be found and utilized for the 
 
362 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 purpose, to scrape it off the places where 
 their tents were to be pitched, before they 
 could set them up and lie down to sleep. 
 
 On the 8th of November, General McClellan 
 was relieved from command of the army, being 
 superseded by General Burnside. 
 
 There was great rejoicing among the men 
 of the Qth corps when this change of com 
 manders became known. 
 
 Among the soldiers generally, there was a spe 
 cies of blind, bigoted loyalty to their respective 
 commanders, as well as a sincere affection for 
 them. There is very little doubt that almost 
 every man in the army honestly and firmly 
 believed that his own corps commander was 
 one of the greatest, if not the greatest, military 
 hero of the times. None of them would admit 
 that when it came to planning battles or move 
 ments, or displaying skill in executing them, 
 to say nothing about his bravery on the field, 
 that there . could be any question as to his 
 superior ability when compared with any 
 other corps commander in the army. This 
 feeling, or at least the expression of it, was 
 almost universal throughout the army. There 
 fore, there was rejoicing in the gth corps when 
 Burnside, its original, and up to that time, 
 only commander was chosen as the head of 
 the army. 
 
BURNSIDE SUPERSEDES McCLELLAN. 363 
 
 Ever since the battle of Antietam there had 
 been (in that corps, at least) a feeling of dis 
 satisfaction, and, it might almost be said, of dis 
 trust, of McClellan s honesty of purpose. The 
 impression was gaining strength, gradually but 
 surely, that it was not his intention nor wish to 
 put down the rebellion by force of arms. The 
 responsibility for the piecemeal and disjointed 
 way in which the battle of Antietam had been 
 fought, and especially the childish manner in 
 which the attack by the left wing had been 
 managed, was all whether rightly or wrongly 
 charged against him. No one would admit 
 that his own corps commander might pos 
 sibly have been incompetent or indifferent, or 
 both, and was largely or perhaps entirely to 
 blame for the failure to destroy the rebel army. 
 The men knew fairly well what condition their 
 army had been in on that night. They remem 
 bered that there was a whole corps which had 
 not been engaged at all during the battle, 
 and that notwithstanding this, Lee, with his 
 trains and impedimenta, was permitted to cross 
 the Potomac unmolested. Consequently, there 
 were no regrets on that part of the line, at 
 least when McClellan was superseded, while 
 the fact that Burnside became his successor 
 was hailed by the men of the corps with 
 great satisfaction. 
 
364 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 The army remained in this vicinity, with 
 headquarters at Warrenton, for several days. 
 There was considerable moving of troops hither 
 and thither, however, as there was more or 
 less skirmishing and cannonading going on 
 all the while between the Union advance and 
 the rear guard of the enemy, as well as on 
 the right flank of the army. 
 
 On the evening of the loth it seemed that 
 some movement of more than ordinary sig 
 nificance was abont being executed, as the 
 Ninth was moved forward about two miles, 
 and formed in line of battle at the base of a 
 hill. It remained in that position shivering and 
 miserable all night. Hour after hour passed, 
 the men expecting momentarily to be either 
 attacked or to attack. No fires were permitted, 
 as they would have exposed the exact position 
 to the enemy. Everybody in the regiment ex 
 perienced a great sense of relief when after a 
 night of great discomfort morning at last broke, 
 and no enemy appeared, they probably hav 
 ing fallen back during the night. The regi 
 ment was then withdrawn and returned to its 
 former position. 
 
 The Zouaves occupied, practically, the same 
 bivouac until the I5th, when the general for 
 ward movement was resumed, the column in 
 which they were being the center one and 
 
SHELLING THE WAGON TRAIN. 36B 
 
 occupying the road, with Hawkins brigade in 
 the lead. The line of march was now down 
 the left bank of the Rappahannock. The 
 command had not proceeded more than three 
 or four miles, when it suddenly found itself 
 approaching a scene of confusion the equal of 
 which is seldom witnessed even in war. A 
 rebel battery had taken position in a com 
 manding situation, on the other side of the 
 river, and had opened a vigorous and des 
 tructive fire on a wagon train of commissary 
 and quartermaster s supplies, which had been 
 sent forward without an escort. The whole 
 train had been thrown into confusion. It was 
 a mass of struggling men and animals, with 
 some broken wagons and wrecked stores. As 
 the rebel battery was far beyond the range of 
 the men s Springfields, the infantry was pow 
 erless to afford any protection. Colonel Haw 
 kins, instantly appreciating the gravity of the 
 situation, hurriedly dispatched a messenger to 
 General Wilcox, the Corps Commander, re 
 questing that Lieutenant Benjamin, the com 
 mander of the famous twenty-pounder Par- 
 rott battery, so well known in the Qth corps, 
 be hastened forward with his guns. Major 
 Brackett, of Wilcox s staff, carried the order, 
 and conducted Benjamin to the scene. In 
 a few minutes he arrived, and securing a posi- 
 
366 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 tion on a promontory, concealed by a patch 
 of low^ shrubs, the pieces were loaded, carefully 
 sighted and elevated and the whole battery 
 discharged almost simultaneously. The result 
 was astounding to all beholders. A caisson 
 was exploded, several men and horses killed 
 or wounded, and the battery totally disabled. 
 Benjamin had made a historic shot, and from 
 that time on to Falmouth, the center column 
 was permitted to march in peace. 
 
 On Sunday, the i6th, the march was 
 resumed, the command crossing Great River, 
 passing through Fayette and Liberty, and 
 around Warrenton Junction, and went into 
 camp near the railroad. The next day it con 
 tinued the march in a drizzling rain, taking the 
 direct road to Fredricksburg, and after cover 
 ing about twelve miles went into camp. At 
 daybreak the next morning the regiment was 
 again on the road. The enemy had disap 
 peared from the front. There had been 
 neither cannonading nor skirmishing since the 
 1 5th. 
 
 On the i Qth the regiment marched through 
 Falmouth, crossed the railroad and encamped 
 on the hill directly opposite the city of Fred 
 ricksburg. It was learned that the main body 
 of the enemy was arriving and occupying the 
 hills immediately behind or south of the city, 
 
IN CAMP A T FALMOUTH STA TION. 367 
 
 and it was also ascertained that his pickets 
 extended along the opposite bank of the 
 Rappahannock, not only in the town itself, 
 but both above and below it. 
 
 Now that the army had at last arrived at 
 Falmouth, which appeared for the present at 
 least, to have brought the long march to an 
 end, everybody was delighted. The prospect 
 of at last getting into a permanent camp was 
 very gratifying. The regiment had been on 
 the move nearly every day since the 28th of 
 October, the day on which it broke camp in 
 Pleasant Valley. The men were nearly worn 
 out physically, and were greatly in need of sup 
 plies of every kind, especially shoes and 
 clothing. 
 
 On the following day Company K rejoined 
 the regiment after having been on duty with 
 General Kautz s division in all its various 
 movements and operations, since it first started 
 on the march up the Shenandoah. 
 
 On the 22d there was great activity noticeable 
 throughout the camps. Batteries were being 
 planted in positions which appeared to be 
 favorable for shelling the enemy. Shots were 
 exchanged with them during the day and as a 
 result the troops that were exposed to the 
 enemy s fire were moved farther back out of 
 range of their guns. Orders for a forward 
 
368 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 movement were now expected daily. Every 
 indication pointed to the probability that a great 
 battle was very near. Day after day passed, 
 however, but still the movement was delayed. 
 
 The 2yth day of November was Thanksgiving 
 day. It was not celebrated by the Zouaves 
 with any great degree of enthusiasm. Inasmuch 
 as there was neither hardtack nor coffee in their 
 camp that day, and as they were obliged to go 
 hungry, they failed to properly grasp the idea 
 of the propriety of being particularly thankful. 
 On the contrary they gave themselves up fully 
 to indulging in a general growl, and devoted 
 themselves unreservedly to the exhilarating 
 and pleasant recreation of d ing the quarter 
 master, both individually and collectively, for 
 the rest of the day. While this did not allay 
 their hunger, it nevertheless gave them the only 
 satisfaction obtainable at that time. 
 
 Early in the morning of the nth of Decem 
 ber, the regiment was aroused without reveille, 
 the men being awakened quietly by the mem 
 bers of the guard. The long looked for order 
 for the attack on Fredricksburg had come at 
 last. 
 
 The day opened with a bombardment on a 
 most gigantic scale. The thunder of the guns 
 and the bursting shells seemed to make the 
 solid earth quake. Outside of this there was 
 
LAYING THE PONTOONS. 369 
 
 little to be seen. The troops were mostly 
 hidden in the woods and hollows of the ground 
 out of view of the enemy, and were waiting 
 patiently for the completion of the pontoon 
 bridges upon which they were to cross the river. 
 From unforeseen causes these bridges, which 
 should have been laid the night before were 
 delayed. When daylight came the rebel 
 sharpshooters, who had excellent cover in the 
 houses of the town near the river, effectually 
 stopped all work on them. Notwithstand 
 ing the terrific character of the bombard 
 ment it was as ineffective against them as 
 artillery usually is against infantry so pro 
 tected. The smoke from the guns settled 
 down and almost completely hid the city and 
 the opposite hills. The river had to be crossed 
 and it became necessary to detail regiments 
 to cross in pontoon boats and storm the posi 
 tions occupied by the sharpshooters. 
 
 The honor of successfully performing this 
 difficult task is now claimed by the survivors 
 of many regiments. As a matter of fact official 
 records and authoritive statements show that 
 the gallant exploit was performed by several 
 different regiments at widely separated points, 
 where the various bridges were being laid, ancl 
 without any of them knowing that the same 
 thing was being done by other commands. 
 
37O NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 A careful examination of the official reports 
 relating to the earlier operations in this battle 
 will show that probably the first regiments to 
 respond to the call for volunteers and to cross 
 the river in this way, were the Seventh Michi 
 gan and Twentieth Massachusetts, both of 
 Howard s division, who rowed themselves over 
 in pontoons, at the upper end of the city and 
 dislodged Barkdale s Mississippi sharpshooters 
 and occupied the positions from which they had 
 harrassed the bridge builders. 
 
 When it became apparent that, under the 
 heavy and accurate fire from the sharpshooters, 
 it would be impossible for the engineers to lay 
 the bridge over which the 3d division was 
 to cross the river, the 8gth New York, of 
 the ist brigade (Hawkins ) was sent over in 
 boats to dislodge them from their strong posi 
 tion in the houses opposite. This duty was 
 performed in gallant style, the other regiments 
 of the brigade covering the movement as well 
 as possible. The 89th, after a hot fight, in 
 which they captured sixty-five prisoners, suc 
 ceeded in dislodging the sharpshooters and 
 occupying the position, thereby permitting the 
 laying of the bridge to be completed and a 
 Crossing made practicable. That evening, the 
 brigade to which the Ninth belonged, after 
 some light fighting occupied the lower part of 
 
ON PICKE T AT FREDERICKS^ URG. 371 
 
 the city, taking position in one of the streets 
 which ran parallel with the river, where the 
 men slept on their arms through the night. 
 Company D was thrown forward as a picket, 
 and a guard, under command of Lieutenant 
 Webster, was posted in the outskirts of the 
 town. The night was very cold and the men 
 suffered much from this cause. They were 
 not allowed to leave the ranks to seek shelter 
 in the neighboring houses, and a chilling fog 
 penetrated the clothing and seemed to pierce 
 the very marrow of their bones. Severe fight 
 ing was going on nearly all the following 
 day outside the city, but the Ninth was not 
 sent forward to take part in it but remained 
 in about the first position occupied until dark. 
 The fog settled closer and at times was so 
 dense that nothing could be seen of the 
 position or movement of either side. 
 
 About 8 P.M., the Ninth was ordered on 
 picket, relieving the iO3d New York. The 
 outer line was on the plain outside the city 
 and within about one hundred and fifty yards 
 of that of the enemy, though the fog obscured 
 the exact position. Under such conditions 
 there was no sleep for the men not on post, 
 and the time wore heavily on, without even 
 the excitement which picket firing might 
 afford. The night was passed in general 
 
372 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 gloom and depression. Some sharp fighting 
 had taken place on the preceding day, but on 
 the 1 3th the battle had raged fiercely and con 
 tinuously from morning until night. Brigade 
 after brigade, and division after division, had 
 been sent in, relieving others as they became 
 depleted or partly or wholly broken up and 
 demoralized by the terrible fire of artillery and 
 musketry. The fighting had been of the most 
 sanguinary character, but the positions de 
 fended by the enemy were naturally so strong 
 and had been so scientifically fortified that it 
 seemed impossible to make any impression on 
 them. Line after line went gallantly forward 
 to the attack, but as soon as each one came 
 within range of the enemy s well posted artil 
 lery and strong f, lines of infantry, it melted 
 away under the furious storm of bullets 
 broken up and demoralized ; the survivors 
 seeking shelter in the hollows or behind the 
 inequalities of the ground, where they kept up 
 a steady fire against the enemy until opportu 
 nities came to relieve them. 
 
 The following extracts from General Couch s 
 article entitled "Sumner s Right Grand Div 
 ision," will give the reader an idea of the 
 character of the fighting as seen by him, with the 
 frightful losses sustained by the troops while 
 powerless to inflict any serious damage on the 
 
ADVANCE OF THE SECOND CORPS. 373 
 
 enemy. General Couch was the commander of 
 the Second Corps, but at the battle of Fred- 
 ricksburg was temporarily in command of the 
 Right Grand Division of the army: 
 
 " Early the next morning, Saturday the I3th, 
 I received orders to make an assault in front. 
 My orders came from General Sumner, who 
 did not cross the river during the fight, owing 
 to a special understanding. 
 
 " General French was at once directed to 
 prepare his division in three brigade lines for 
 the advance, and General Hancock was to 
 follow with his division in the same order. 
 The distance between the successive brigade 
 lines was to be about two hundred yards. 
 
 Towards ten o clock the fog began to lift ; 
 French reported that he was ready. I signaled 
 to Sumner and about eleven o clock the move 
 ment was ordered to begin. French threw out 
 a strong body of skirmishers, and his brigades 
 filed out of town as rapidly as possible by two 
 parallel streets. * * * On the outskirts of 
 town the troops encountered a ditch, or canal, 
 so deep as to be almost impassable except 
 at the street bridges, and one of the latter being 
 partly torn up, the troops had to cross in single 
 file on the stringers. Once across the canal 
 the troops deployed under the bank bordering 
 the plain over which they were to charge. 
 
374 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 This plain was obstructed here and there by 
 houses and fences, notably at a fork of the 
 telegraph road, in the narrow angle of which 
 was a cluster of houses and gardens ; and also 
 on the parallel road just south of it, where 
 stood a large, square brick house. This cluster 
 of houses and the brick house were the rally 
 ing points for parts of our demolished lines of 
 attack. The forks of the road and the brick 
 house were less than one hundred and fifty 
 yards from the stone wall, which covered also 
 as much more of the plain to the left of the 
 brick house. A little in advance of the brick 
 house a slight rise in the ground afforded pro 
 tection to men lying down against the 
 musketry behind the stone wall, but not against 
 the converging fire of the artillery on the 
 heights. My headquarters were in the field on 
 the edge of the town, overlooking the plain. 
 * * * French s division charged in the 
 order of Kimball s, Andrew s and Palmer s 
 brigades. Hancock followed them in the order 
 of Zook s Meagher s and Caldwell s brigades. 
 
 "Without a clear idea of the state of affairs at 
 the front, since the smoke and light fog veiled 
 everything, I sent word to French and Hancock 
 to carry the enemy s works by storm. Then I 
 climbed the steeple of the courthouse and from 
 above the haze and smoke got a clear view of 
 
AN IMPOSSIBLE TASK. 375 
 
 the field. Howard, who was with me, says I 
 exclaimed, Oh, great God! see how our men, 
 our poor fellows, are falling ! I remember that 
 the \vhole plain was covered with men, pros 
 trate and falling, the live men running here 
 and there, and in front closing upon each 
 other, and the wounded coming back. The 
 commands seemed to be mixed up. I had 
 never before seen fighting like that; nothing 
 approaching it in terrible uproar and destruc 
 tion. There was no cheering on the part of 
 the men, but a stubborn determination to obey 
 orders and do their duty. I don t think there 
 was much feeling of success. As they charged 
 the artillery fire would break their formation, 
 and they would get mixed ; then they would 
 close up, go forward, receive the withering in 
 fantry fire, and those who were able would run 
 to those houses and do all they could, and then 
 the next brigade coming up in succession would 
 do their duty and melt. It was like snow 
 coming down and melting on warm ground. 
 
 " Soon after four o clock, or about sunset, while 
 Humphreys was at work, Getty s division* 
 of Wilcox s Corps was ordered to the charge 
 on our left by the unfinished railroad. I could 
 see them being dreadfully cut up. * * * I 
 determined to send a battery upon the plain to 
 
 *The division to which Hawkins brigade belonged. 
 
376 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 shell the line that was doing them so much 
 harm, so I ordered an aid to tell Colonel Mor 
 gan to send a battery across the canal and plant 
 it near the brick house. 
 
 " Morgan came to me and said : General, a 
 battery can t live there. I replied: Then it 
 must die there. 
 
 " Hazard took his battery out in gallant style 
 and opened fire on the enemy s lines to the left 
 of the Marye House. Men never fought more 
 gallantly, and he lost a great many men and 
 horses. * * * 
 
 " That night was bitter cold and a fearful one 
 for the front line hugging the hollows of the 
 ground, and for the wounded who could not be 
 reached. It was a night of dreadful suffering. 
 Many died of wounds and exposure, and as 
 fast as men died they stiffened in the wintry air, 
 and on the front line were rolled forward for 
 protection to the living. Frozen men were 
 placed as dumb sentries. 
 
 "Again my corps bivouacked in the town 
 and were not allowed fires lest they should 
 draw the fire of the enemy s artillery." 
 
 When Getty s division, of which Hawkins 
 brigade was a part, was ordered forward to take 
 part in the assault of the enemy s line, it was 
 late in the afternoon. At about the same time 
 the Fifth Massachusetts Battery was ordered 
 
ADVANCING TO SUPPORT THE BATTERY. 377 
 
 to the extreme front in a desperate endeavor to 
 render efficient assistance to the charging 
 troops, who were being literally torn to pieces 
 by the fire from the guns mentioned by General 
 Couch. The Ninth Regiment was detached 
 from the brigade and ordered forward to sup 
 port it. It appears not to have been the inten 
 tion to detail the Ninth for this duty, as 
 Colonel Hawkins, in his report to General Getty, 
 says: "Owing to a misapprehension of your 
 orders, the Ninth New York Volunteers were 
 ordered to support a battery and did not par 
 ticipate in the advance made by the brigade." 
 The order to support the battery, come from 
 whatever source it did, was received just about 
 dark, and the regiment moved forward " By the 
 right of companies to the front," at a double 
 quick, through yards and gardens, over fences 
 and other obstructions, through the outskirts of 
 the city, and over the plain beyond, and suc 
 ceeded in gaining a position just below the 
 crest of a low ridge which afforded partial pro 
 tection from the fire of the enemy s artillery. 
 The regiment held its ground here while ex 
 posed to a withering fire both from the front 
 and right flank, with no opportunity to reply 
 to it, simply being obliged to hug the ground 
 and take whatever the fortune of war had in 
 store for it until the battery was totally disabled 
 
378 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 by the loss of men and horses and was obliged 
 to retire. 
 
 At about ten o clock the regiment was ordered 
 to fall back, which it did to an open field 
 outside the city, where it bivouacked. 
 
 The total loss of the regiment in this battle 
 -killed, wounded and missing numbered 
 only fifteen, which is a very light one when 
 the dreadful slaughter of men throughout 
 the army as a whole is considered. The loss 
 of the ist Brigade, without counting that 
 of the Ninth, amounted to two hundred and 
 forty-three men. If the Ninth had advanced 
 with the brigade to the assault, instead of 
 having been ordered to support the battery, 
 and if its loss had been no greater than the 
 average in the rest of the brigade, it would 
 have amounted to eighty-one men. The reg 
 iment was, therefore, very fortunate, when the 
 matter of loss is considered, in having been 
 detached from the brigade just before the 
 attack was ordered. 
 
 The night was again bitterly cold. No fires 
 were permitted, and everyone was on the qui 
 vive, as it was rather expected that the enemy 
 would make a counter-attack. It was a night 
 of great discomfort and anxiety, and a sleep 
 less one for all. 
 
DEFEA TED B UT NO T DISHEAR TEN ED. 379 
 
 \ 
 
 Just before daybreak the regiment was with 
 drawn from the advance position occupied, 
 and fell back into the city, taking position in 
 one of the streets, where it remained all day 
 and the following night. During the night 
 permission was granted the men to enter the 
 houses for shelter, and all except [the guard 
 availed themselves of it, and secured a much 
 needed rest and sleep. 
 
 There was very little firing from either side 
 during the night. Both armies were so thor 
 oughly exhausted by the marching, fighting 
 and waiting of the three preceding days that 
 an involuntary truce was accepted by both the 
 tired combatants. 
 
 On the next day the Zouaves again re 
 mained under arms, in the street, until about 
 ten o clock at night, when the regiment was 
 quietly withdrawn, and marched silently to the 
 river. Recrossing by the same pontoon bridge 
 by which it had entered Fredricksburg, it re 
 gained the old camp which all had left with 
 such high hopes, on the morning of the 
 nth. Tired, hungry and beaten, though no 
 man would give utterance to the latter as a 
 conviction, they marched into the old camp, but 
 still ready to try it again when the oppor 
 tunity presented itself. 
 
38O NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 History dignifies by the name of War all 
 periods of human strife when large bodies of 
 men assemble with the avowed object of 
 taking the lives of their adversaries. The 
 popular conception regarding war the one 
 which seems to occupy even the mind of 
 the intelligent and peace-loving citizen is a 
 vague, confused jumble of parade and glitter, 
 guns and drums, noise and glory, clanking 
 swords and gleaming bayonets, and especially 
 and above all, excitement. Many thousands of 
 men are supposed to be engaged, as with one 
 accord, in performing the most brilliant move 
 ments or heroic acts, all inspired by the noblest 
 impulses. The press, the rostrum, and part 
 of the pulpit are largely responsible for this 
 not more in declaring it than in omitting to 
 state all the truth. They have, then, rhetor 
 ically plastered the subject with glory that 
 superficial flow of words which means noth 
 ing. It is not, therefore, strange that the 
 average citizen adheres to the fallacy, which 
 he elevates to the dignity of a belief, that all 
 who enlist in the army in time of war at once 
 become subjects for admiration and respect. 
 
 General Sherman defined war as " hell "; and 
 again, "War is barbarism; you can t human 
 ize it." If "war is hell," it is the habitation 
 of Satan and his minions. It invites the im- 
 
STRAGGLERS AND PL UNDER ERS. 381 
 
 moral, the vicious, the depraved, the dishonor 
 able, the base, because it makes possible the 
 pursuit of their various rascalities under the 
 guise of patriotism. A soldier s uniform often 
 clothes a rascal. Apparel does not change 
 one s character ; and if the soldier was dishon 
 orable as a citizen, he continued so as a soldier. 
 The citizen who enjoyed the respect and confi 
 dence of those who knew him at home, who 
 strove to do his duty to his family, his neigh 
 bors and the State, and who enlisted from a 
 sense of duty, became as good a soldier as he 
 was a citizen. These remarks are intended 
 to remind the reader of the presence in the 
 army of the lawless element, who sought that 
 field because it promised a larger opportunity 
 for evil and a less degree of liability to appre 
 hension and punishment. 
 
 There was always a certain percentage of 
 nearly every command who took advantage 
 of th^ confusion while their officers were en 
 gaged in performing the manifold duties which 
 always accompany the movements of troops, to 
 slip away from their companies unobserved and 
 become stragglers. Some seized this opportu 
 nity to avoid the dangers of the battle by 
 skulking in the rear, rejoining their companies 
 after the fighting was over, and then ostenta 
 tiously related the acts of bravery they per- 
 
382 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 formed during the engagement. If any ques 
 tion was raised as to the whereabouts of one of 
 these men at a specified time, he had only to 
 claim that he was anywhere on the battlefield 
 except in the immediate vicinity of the ques 
 tioner. Of course, evidence was abundant and 
 easily produced to prove the presence of a 
 soldier in line of battle during action ; but in 
 the absence of roll-call, no officer or enlisted 
 man could prove that the suspected straggler 
 was not present somewhere at any given time, 
 and this class of men understood this per 
 fectly. 
 
 The fighting outside the city, along the base 
 of the hills, was of such a determined and 
 bloody character, that the skulkers soon found 
 it was no place for them, and the whole twenty- 
 five per cent, of the troops at the front, which 
 Sheridan said was the percentage of men who 
 were useless when the fighting began, together 
 with the skulkers from the reserves and sup 
 ports, were soon straggling throughout the 
 city. 
 
 Some stragglers simply pilfer take such 
 articles as come under their notice, perhaps with 
 the thought that if he does not take it others 
 will. Some, with the robber instinct more 
 strongly developed, enter houses, either by 
 force or stealth, in search of plunder. Others 
 
"BLESSED ARE THE PEACEMAKERS." 383 
 
 rob the persons of the dead lying on the battle 
 field or commit the various other kinds of 
 misdemeanors which opportunity offers or a 
 vicious instinct prompts. These acts form a 
 part of the " hell " General Sherman had in 
 mind when he defined war. They are also 
 what the after-dinner orator advocates when he 
 glibly talks of the benefits of " a little blood 
 letting to the body politic." Of course, he 
 doesn t mean his own, but some other person s 
 blood. They are what the so-called statesman 
 sanctions when he howls about the " rust of 
 peace," or, when with contempt, he alludes to 
 the " commercial spirit which smothers the 
 warlike instinct." They are the acts which 
 have the approval of certain divines, when they 
 pervert the teachings of the Master they pre 
 tend to serve by preaching the " righteousness 
 of war," blasphemously asserting that God s 
 blessing attends it 
 
 While the Ninth was in Fredricksburg the 
 city appeared to be full of plunderers. Numbers 
 of men were seen loaded with goods of every 
 kind and description. Some articles might 
 have been of use to the possessor, but many 
 could not in any way be of the slightest utility. 
 Men wrapped in quilts, blankets, and comforters 
 to protect them from the biting wind, stood in 
 line with their commands or lounged in the 
 
384 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 shelter of the buildings. The guards, and also 
 the officers and men not on guard, were con 
 stantly compelling the plunderers to give up 
 their booty. These articles were left in the 
 streets as it was impracticable to return them to 
 their original owners. At the several bridge 
 heads great piles of goods accumulated as the 
 provost guard stopped the stragglers in their 
 attempts to cross the river, and made them 
 disgorge their plunder there. While it is not 
 literally true that the city was crowded with 
 stragglers and plunderers, still there was plenty 
 of them. 
 
 While the reserves were stationed in the 
 streets, the vicious minority among the strag 
 glers were kept in check by a wholesome fear 
 of consequences which would follow should 
 any of them be detected in the perpetration of 
 nefarious acts. When such acts were discov 
 ered, good soldiers (by which is meant an over 
 whelming majority of all those in the service, 
 both commissioned and enlisted) would not, 
 and did not hesitate to take the law into their 
 own hands and put a stop to them in a sum 
 mary manner. But when the troops were 
 being withdrawn and the different sections of 
 the city left entirely unprotected, the vicious 
 and criminal had full sway. 
 
SERGEANT SEARINGS OPPORTUNE ARRIVAL. 38S 
 
 During the last night in Fredricksburg, 
 when the men of the Ninth were given per 
 mission to seek shelter from the cold in the 
 houses, a number of Company D s men occu 
 pied one in which the female members of the 
 family still remained, having faith in the 
 chivalry of the Yankee soldiers and nerved by 
 the natural desire to protect their homes and 
 property. Their confidence was not misplaced, 
 as, during their stay of about twenty hours the 
 men treated them with the utmost considera 
 tion and courtesy, and made their own occu 
 pation of the premises as inoffensive as pos 
 sible. 
 
 After the regiment had crossed the river 
 on the night it evacuated the city, Sergeant 
 Searing, who had been one of the occupants 
 of the house above mentioned, discovered 
 that he had forgotten some papers, diaries, 
 etc., which he had left at the house in the 
 hurry of departure. Recrossing the river and 
 proceeding there to recover them, he arrived 
 just in time to protect the women of the house 
 from abuse, as three stragglers had entered 
 but a few moments before, and, finding the in 
 mates unprotected and helpless, were about to 
 assault them when Searing entered. The 
 Sergeant s unexpected appearance, and his 
 authoritative and peremptory demeanor as he 
 
386 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 ordered the ruffians out of the place and to 
 their regiments, probably conveyed the im 
 pression that he had a guard outside, as the 
 assaulting party slunk away at once and disap 
 peared in the darkness. Sergeant Searing s 
 only guard just then was a firm belief in the 
 everlasting right, backed up by a stout heart 
 and a good Springfield musket. 
 
 After quieting the frightened women by 
 assurances that there would be no further 
 cause for alarm, that their own friends the 
 Johnnies would soon come in and occupy 
 the town, together with other reassuring state 
 ments, he secured his lost papers, and recrossed 
 the river, being probably the last man of the 
 Ninth in the city, and reached the regiment in 
 safety. 
 
 Colonel Hawkins did what he could to 
 check lawlessness in that part of the city 
 occupied by him. He called the attention of 
 General Howard to the acts of men who be 
 longed to his (Howard s) command, with a 
 view of having the latter take measures to 
 maintain order. Howard s answer was : " Sol 
 diers are not expected to be angels." Haw 
 kins afterward established a guard along a 
 brook, which was a kind of general dividing 
 line between the corps, and would not allow 
 any of Howard s men to come into that part 
 of the city occupied by his brigade. 
 
COLONEL KIMB ALL S REPORT. 387 
 
 The following is Colonel Kimball s official 
 report of the part taken by the Qth New 
 York Volunteers in the battle of Fredericks- 
 burg: 
 
 CAMP OPPOSITE FREDERICKSBURG, VA. 
 
 December 16, 1862. 
 
 COLONEL : I herewith have the honor to report that, in compliance 
 with your orders, I left this camp on the evening of the nth instant, 
 crossed the Rappahannock to Fredericksburg, and bivouacked, occupy, 
 ing the main street for about one block and a half north of the rail 
 road, throwing Company D forward to the enemy s front as picket. 
 Immediately upon taking position I established a strong guard upon 
 the sidewalks and both flanks of my command, with instructions to 
 allow no one to enter a house or destroy or take away a single article 
 from that portion of the street in which we were stationed, which 
 order, I am happy to say, was literally obeyed during our entire occu 
 pancy of that position. 
 
 At seven o clock of the evening of the i2th, the entire regiment was 
 ordered to the front on picket duty, and did not again return to that 
 portion of the town. 
 
 At daylight on the morning of the i3th, I was relieved from picket, 
 and returned to town near the lower pontoon bridge, where I re 
 mained until about 6 P.M., when in obedience to your orders, I ad 
 vanced my command, under a heavy fire of artillery, to the brow of 
 the hill in front of the enemy, to the support of the Fifth Massachu 
 setts Battery. I here received your orders to halt, which I did, and 
 remained in support of the above battery, as directed, till it was dis 
 abled and retired past us from the field. At this point the fire of 
 shell and shrapnel was tremendous, totally disabling the battery, and 
 killing one and wounding eight men of my command. I then received 
 your orders to return to the lower part of the city and bivouac, which 
 I did, remaining in that position during the night. 
 
 The next day, i4th, we were ordered into quarters, where we re 
 mained till the evening of the isth, when we were ordered to recross 
 the river and return to our old camp at this place, where we arrived 
 about eleven o clock at night. 
 
 I would beg leave to call attention to the following officers, which 
 list embraces all of those engaged with the regiment during the action 
 of the 1 3th ; Captain Barnett, acting major ; Adjutant Bartholomew, 
 Captains LeBaire, Graham, Rodriquez, and Klingsoehr ; Lieutenants 
 Harrison, Webster, Fleming, Powell, Donaldson, Jacobsohn, Vogt and 
 Jackson. 
 
388 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 I can say no more than that all behaved in the most admirable 
 manner, and are entitled to great credit for gallantry and coolness 
 under fire. The men obeyed every order with alacrity and prompt 
 ness, and are entitled to the commendation of their officers and the 
 thanks of their countrymen for their courage and coolness on this as 
 well as other occasions. 
 
 Below is a list of killed, wounded and missing. 
 ******** 
 I have the honor to be, very respectfully, 
 Your obedient servant, 
 
 E. A. KIMBALL, 
 
 Lieutenant-Colonel, 
 
 Commanding Ninth New York Volunteers. 
 COLONEL R. C. HAWKINS, 
 
 Commanding First Brigade. 
 
 After regaining their own side of the river 
 and re-establishing the old camp and devo 
 ting a few days to recuperative rest, the or 
 dinary routine of camp life was resumed 
 drills and reviews being the order of the 
 day. Camp life under tents in a Virginia 
 winter is, or was, decidedly unpleasant. The 
 changes in weather conditions were very 
 marked, the extremes of cold and heat, of 
 snow and rain, following each other in rapid 
 succession. Such protection as the troops 
 were able to provide for themselves had to 
 be improvised out of their shelter tents, sup 
 plemented with such other material as could 
 be procured about camp or in the near vicinity. 
 During this period Uncle Sam was not very 
 prodigal in providing for the comfort of the 
 soldiers. He was busily engaged in more im 
 portant matters. The men were alive, and 
 
AN OCCASIONAL " GROWL." 389 
 
 
 
 should have been satisfied. They received pay 
 occasionally, and sometimes, but not often, 
 got full rations. Notwithstanding their de 
 privations, there were practically no expres 
 sions of serious discontent. The army was 
 composed of citizens of the average class, but 
 with more than the average intelligence, and 
 they understood and appreciated the difficul 
 ties under which the Government labored. 
 Nearly, if not all, the soldiers realized that the 
 officials at Washington and elsewhere were 
 doing the best they could under the circum 
 stances. The men growled occasionally about 
 the pay not coming and about the scarcity 
 of " grub," as all kinds of food was classified, 
 but it was only a soldier s growl, and in 
 many instances the man who growled the 
 loudest would march farthest, fight the hardest, 
 and go without food the longest. 
 
 The field encampment of an army in active 
 service, in the winter, is very far from being a 
 neatly and systematically arranged place, clean, 
 fresh, and pleasant to the eye. It is not such 
 as one sees in the usual summer camp, where 
 there is an ample supply of roomy tents 
 arranged symetrically in column with the 
 tents of the officers in their proper position 
 and everything about it bright, fresh and 
 orderly. In the presence of the enemy the 
 
390 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 location of the camp is rarely an ideal one and 
 seldom a matter of choice. Tents must be 
 pitched and camps located with a view to the 
 exigency of the situation. Hillsides and ra 
 vines must be utilized as well as the more 
 level ground. As a consequence many of the 
 regimental camps were by reason of surface 
 conditions, very irregular in their formation. 
 It was not always practicable to conform to 
 the strict rules and plans of camp enjoined by 
 the regulations. The irregularity in appear 
 ance was heightened by the fact that at this 
 period of the war there was little or no 
 uniformity in the tents issued to the troops. 
 Occasionally part of a regiment or possibly a 
 company here and there was supplied with 
 wall, Sibley or A tents, while others, and by 
 far the greater number, had to be contented 
 with the regular shelter, or dog tent, which 
 was originally intended only for shelter while 
 the soldier was actually on the march. The 
 ingenuity displayed by the men in constructing 
 comparatively comfortable quarters out of the 
 material at hand was really remarkable. One 
 method was to excavate a celler three or four 
 feet deep, over which the tent (if of the wall 
 or A pattern) was set up. This arrangement 
 was warmer and furnished greater head room 
 than if the tent had been simply pitched on 
 
WINTER Q UAR TERS ARCHITECTURE. 3 9 1 
 
 the ground in the usual way, while it also 
 admitted of having a fire, which was not 
 practicable in a tent erected on the surface. 
 In the latter case there was no outlet for the 
 smoke unless the tent itself was left open. 
 With the cellar attachment a horizontal hole 
 was made in the earth in the side of the 
 cellar wall, generally opposite the entrance, of 
 sufficient size to serve as a fire-place. From 
 the fire-place a perpendicular opening was 
 carried to the surface for a flue, over which a 
 chimney, either of empty barrels or of clay and 
 sticks was built, high enough to safely conduct 
 the smoke and heated air from the fire above 
 the ridge-pole of the tent, thereby lessening 
 the chances of fire. If the builders of the 
 habitation had only shelter tents as a founda 
 tion for their work they built a log structure 
 high enough to give, with the cellar included, 
 sufficient height ; gable ends were carried up, 
 light pole rafter laid on these and the shelter 
 tents buttoned together, stretched over for a 
 roof. 
 
 If the ground was not suitable for a cellar, 
 by reason of being too wet, or so stony as to 
 be too difficult to excavate, the log structure 
 was put up on the surface. If the builders 
 possessed a tent, the log pen need be only 
 three or four feet high; then with the tent 
 
392 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 pitched securely on top of the low wall they 
 had a house high enough to enable them to 
 move around in comfortably. If they had only 
 their individual shelter tents to help out with, 
 the walls had to be carried up to the height of 
 a man and roofed with the buttoned tents as 
 in the first example. 
 
 Making provisions for a fire was much more 
 difficult when the above-ground style of archi 
 tecture was adopted. It was necessary to leave 
 an opening in one side of the log structure 
 about two or three feet square for a fire-place. 
 The hearth was outside of the wall, after the 
 plan almost universally followed in the South, 
 the fire-place being an oven-shaped structure 
 of earth, or of earth and stones, with a chimney 
 of the usual kind erected over it. 
 
 When one of these houses was well banked 
 with earth, the openings between the logs well 
 chinked with clay, and a good fire burning 
 on the hearth, there was a surprising degree of 
 solid comfort in it. To a man coming off 
 guard where he had been exposed to the rain 
 or snow for twenty-four hours it certainly 
 seemed like homely luxury. 
 
 The general appearance of camp could not 
 be said to be inviting to one unaccustomed to 
 it. The stranger viewing it, or even the con 
 valescent returning after an absence more or 
 
HO W IT L OOKED. 393 
 
 less protracted, saw that there had been no 
 attempt at architectural uniformity. Indeed, 
 this would have been impossible with the 
 materials at hand. 
 
 As he gazed at the various structures 
 throughout the camps, with their canvas roofs 
 discolored by various kinds of dirt stains, and 
 with their gaping rents caused by storms or 
 black margined holes burned by sparks from 
 their own chimneys, in some cases patched 
 with stray bits of old rubber blankets or odd 
 pieces of discarded tent cloth of almost every 
 hue, he would not have been inclined to wor 
 ship it as at a shrine of beauty. A nearer view 
 disclosed mud everywhere, banked up against 
 the houses and plastered between the logs to 
 keep out the cold; piles of earth which had 
 been removed in making the ditches which 
 surrounded every house to deflect the water 
 during storms were visible everywhere. The 
 company streets were oftentimes little better 
 than quagmires, and tramping about through 
 it all, were disconsolate looking soldiers, the 
 blue of their uniforms turned to a dark brown 
 by the pine smoke of the guard fires around 
 which they had huddled all winter. The 
 stranger within its gates would conclude that 
 the two words in the English language which 
 best described the camp were " squalor " and 
 " wretchedness." 
 
394 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 There were exceptions here, however, as there 
 are in almost everything. 
 
 Many of the soldiers who were encamped on 
 the " Brick house hill " that winter will remem 
 ber a camp which was just the opposite in 
 general appearance to those which have been 
 described here. It was the camp of a Maine 
 regiment, the number of which cannot now be 
 recalled. It was located on fairly level ground, 
 at a considerable distance northwest of the 
 " Philips House," where General Sumner had 
 his headquarters, and on a spot from which all 
 the trees had not yet been removed. This 
 gave it a sheltered appearance and invested it 
 with an air of comfort. Each company street 
 was formed of two rows of neatly built, com 
 fortable looking log houses, roofed with shelter 
 tents. Everything about them and throughout 
 the camp presented an appearance of extreme 
 neatness and regularity, one might almost say 
 of thrift. Everything had been done in a sub 
 stantial and workmanlike manner by men who 
 had been accustomed to the woods and were 
 past masters in the art of chopping. 
 
 Upon suddenly coming into this camp, 
 without having any previous knowledge of its 
 existence, the visitor might well imagine that 
 he was entering a well regulated and conducted 
 New England village. 
 
THE "MUD MARCH." 395 
 
 The monotony of camp life was soon unex 
 pectedly broken by an attempt to resume offen 
 sive operations against Lee. This is what is 
 known among soldiers generally as the " Mud 
 March." Evidently there was to be an attempt 
 made to turn Lee s left by a rapid move up and 
 across the Rappahannock by the upper fords. It 
 proved to be a lamentable failure, however, but 
 not through any fault or error on the part of the 
 general commanding. The movement had no 
 sooner been decided upon and its execution 
 begun than the weather suddenly became mild. 
 The frozen ground was transformed into mud, 
 " the rains descended and the floods came," 
 and the army, or such part of it as had already 
 started on the march, found itself literally stuck 
 in the mud, unable to move the field artillery, 
 and the attempt had to be abandoned. 
 
 The movement had not progressed far enough 
 to involve the division to which the Ninth be 
 longed in it, and consequently it did not break 
 camp and, therefore, were saved from a most 
 unpleasant experience. 
 
 On the 26th of January, 1863, the whole regi 
 ment was brought together for the first time in 
 nearly eight months. On that day Company 
 "F" (Captain Hammill) returned from duty at 
 Plymouth, N. C, and Company " G " (Captain 
 Childs) from duty as body guard to General 
 Burnside, both reporting to the regiment. 
 
396 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 February 5th, the Ninth Corps received 
 orders to proceed to Fortress Monroe, and on 
 the yth at sunrise, the Ninth New York struck 
 tents, marched to the railroad station, took the 
 cars for Aquia Creek, boarded the transport 
 " Robert Morris," and at about two o clock p. M. 
 started down the Potomac on the way to Old 
 Point Comfort. 
 
CHAPTER XIII. 
 
 ESTABLISHMENT OF CAMP AT NEWPORT NEWS THE 
 NINTH ASSIGNED AS PROVOST GUARD CONCEN 
 TRATING TROOPS SUTLERS TRIALS RUM AS A 
 DISTURBER OF MARTIAL DISCIPLINE REVIEW OF 
 THE NINTH CORPS HORSE RACING AND BASEBALL 
 
 ENROUTE TO FORTRESS MONROE AND PORTS 
 MOUTHTELEGRAMSBORROWED TENTS IN SUF 
 FOLKAN UNWARRANTED TRAGEDY THE USE 
 
 OF COUNTERSIGNS DEATH OF BRIGADIER-GEN 
 ERAL CORCORAN OMINOUS THUNDERS OF MUTINY 
 CALMED BY GENERAL GETTY REMOVAL TO FORT 
 NANSEMOND UNDER FIRE FAKE BULLETS CAP 
 TURING A BATTERY A LOST YANKEE IN REBEL 
 LINES THE LAST DAY GENERAL ORDERS NO. 27 
 DISAPPOINTMENT OF RECRUITS MUSTERED OUT. 
 
 ABOUT noon on the 8th of February, the 
 transport, with the Ninth on board^ 
 arrived at Fortress Monroe. Here it remained 
 at anchor until about ten o clock the next morn 
 ing, when orders were received to proceed to 
 Newport News. Arriving at that place the 
 regiment landed and was assigned to quarters 
 in some very dilapidated buildings which had 
 previously been used as stables. They were 
 in an extremely filthy condition, as well as 
 
398 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 sadly out of repair. In obedience to orders the 
 men at once began the task of converting these 
 tumbledown, filthy hovels into habitable bar 
 racks. Their success was simply marvelous. 
 
 It is doubtful if during the entire term of 
 the regiment s service a better example of the 
 result of intelligent, well directed labor could 
 be shown. Nearly all the mechanical trades 
 were well represented in the regiment, plenty 
 of skill and ability, supplemented with an 
 abundance of energy the latter a native pos 
 session of these young soldiers. The work 
 progressed rapidly and the old stables were 
 very soon transformed into respectable looking 
 and comfortable quarters. 
 
 On the next day after its arrival the regiment 
 was designated as provost guard of the post, 
 with Major Jardine as Provost Marshal. 
 
 This line of duty being entirely new to 
 the men of the regiment was rather an agree 
 able variation from the usual unbroken mo 
 notony of ordinary camp life with its unvary 
 ing round of drills, parade and guard, and it 
 was so accepted by them. Officers and men 
 entered on the performance of their new duties 
 with great satisfaction, and with a determina 
 tion for thoroughness in the performance of 
 them. 
 
 After a few days experience in the new 
 
CONCENTRA TING TROOPS A T NE WPOR T NE WS. 399 
 
 camp, it appeared evident, judging from the 
 activity prevailing at the post, and from the 
 continuous arrival of regiments, that the mil 
 itary authorities intended to concentrate a 
 large number of troops here, and to make it 
 a base for operations of some kind in the near 
 future. The detailing of the Ninth as provost 
 guard was, in the minds of the men, confirma 
 tion that such was the intention. They reas 
 oned that under ordinary conditions any regi 
 ment would have served for a provost guard, 
 but the detailing of the Ninth denoted that 
 extraordinary conditions were about to de 
 velop. 
 
 Regiment after regiment continued to arrive, 
 following each other in rapid succession until, 
 in a comparatively short time the whole of the 
 gth Corps was encamped on the high bank 
 of the James. The place which a short time 
 before had been almost deserted was now 
 occupied by nearly twenty thousand men. 
 
 The swarms of sutlers, who had been labor 
 ing under great difficulties during all the time 
 the army was on the march through Virginia, 
 far away from its base, became suddenly alert, 
 and were keen to take whatever advantage the 
 situation offered for catching the trade which 
 they saw was sure to follow the arrival of such 
 a large number of soldiers at the post. 
 
4OO NINTH REGIMENT, NE W YORK VOL UNTEERS. 
 
 For a long time these sutlers had been endur 
 ing conditions very unfavorable to them, but 
 which always prevail during the progress of an 
 active campaign. While following the army 
 on the march their stock in trade had to be 
 transported in wagons and their safety and 
 convenience were not considered to any very 
 great extent by either the commanding general 
 or his principal subordinates. They, therefore, 
 had to trust to Providence for getting from 
 point to point, or from one camp or halting 
 place to another, without being captured by the 
 Johnnies. They were frequently treated with 
 scant courtesy by those in command, especially 
 when they happened to interfere in any way 
 with the free movement of troops, as they some 
 times did by obstructing the road, bridge or 
 ford. The long haul was very expensive and 
 the risk of capture was very great, not only by 
 the scouting parties and moving bodies of the 
 enemy but, under certain conditions, by their 
 friends also. 
 
 Discipline is always more or less relaxed 
 when an army is on the march, and the longer 
 the march the greater the relaxation. In a per 
 manent camp, under ordinary conditions, the 
 stock of the sutler would be just as safe as in a 
 civil community, but when the army was on 
 the march, if it should happen to be dis- 
 
THE TROUBLES OF THE SUTLER. 4O1 
 
 covered at any place outside of the range of 
 vision of such commissioned officers as might 
 realize the importance of their responsibility, it 
 would be considered by soldiers generally as 
 legitimate spoil, and in all probability would be 
 captured and appropriated. 
 
 From the above the reader must not con 
 clude that robbery was practiced generally by 
 the soldiers during the war, or that men who 
 would rob a sutler s wagon, would, under 
 normal conditions, steal the property of another. 
 Scattered all over the land are men holding 
 high positions of honor and trust, who, when 
 soldiers, assisted in robbing a sutler, and were 
 glad of the opportunity. The doubter of this 
 statement may ask the judge, congressman, 
 clergyman, physician, merchant or lawyer who 
 served in the ranks during the Rebellion, if he 
 ever did such a thing. Watch the expression 
 of his face and see how his eye will light up 
 as his thoughts revert to those days when mis 
 chief was looked upon as a virtue, and all the 
 wild pranks committed on the march or in the 
 camp were considered as simply ebullitions of 
 animal spirits. 
 
 It was but natural that the arrival of a large 
 body of troops at Newport News, which was so 
 easy of access by water from near-by Northern 
 ports, should be looked upon by many army 
 
4O2 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 traders as the sunshine in which their hay 
 should be made, and they accordingly pro 
 ceeded immediately to take advantage of it. 
 Almost as soon as the first bodies of troops 
 were landed, vessels loaded with sutlers stores 
 began to arrive from Baltimore and other 
 places at the north. A goodly proportion of 
 many of the cargoes, and in some instances 
 almost the whole cargo, consisted of rum. 
 
 The supplying of liquors to soldiers during 
 the war caused more trouble and brought 
 about more breaches of discipline and military 
 law than all other causes combined. A single 
 gallon of rum introduced into a regiment will, 
 for the time being, destroy the discipline of 
 years. Everybody in the army who was at 
 all observant was aware of this, yet almost 
 everyone, excepting such officers as realized 
 the responsibility resting upon them, encour 
 aged, or at least did not discourage the traffic. 
 It was principally to prevent this traffic or to 
 break it up if established that the Ninth was 
 appointed provost guard. Major Jardine was 
 just the man for the work. He was shrewd 
 and energetic, and while it was practically 
 impossible to at once entirely stop the intro 
 duction of liquor into camp, he and his assist 
 ants by their vigilance and the severe measures 
 enforced against offenders, gradually put an 
 end to it. 
 
RE VIE WS AND RECREA TIONS. 4O3 
 
 By the latter part of February the whole of 
 the Ninth Corps had arrived, and on the 25th 
 of that month there was a grand review of 
 all the troops at the post. The various com 
 mands were in excellent condition, both in 
 regard to equipment and discipline and pre 
 sented a magnificent spectacle as they marched 
 past the reviewing officer. 
 
 Experience had taught the veterans and the 
 observant ones in the army that the review^ of 
 large bodies of troops was always a preliminary 
 to some important movement, consequently 
 the strategists among the soldiers at once 
 began planning their campaigns, and the camp 
 was soon filled with rumors regarding the next 
 move. 
 
 As spring advanced and the weather be 
 came milder the men were able to get along 
 without the fires they had been hugging so 
 long and to move about with less discomfort 
 from mud and kindred evils than during the 
 inclement winter. Consequently there was 
 more time spent in the open air, the benefit 
 of which was soon apparent in the improved 
 appearance of all. Both officers and men 
 began to organize sports and recreations of 
 divers kinds with which to vary the monotony 
 of drills and parades and to enliven life in 
 camp. Horse-racing became quite popular 
 
4O4 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 among the officers, and on the evenings when 
 matches were decided thousands of spectators 
 assembled at the course to yell, applaud or bet 
 for or on their respective favorites. This 
 favorite was in every case the horse which 
 belonged to or which was ridden by an officer 
 belonging to their own regiment or particular 
 sub-division of the army. Those who bet on 
 the result were always influenced by the same 
 feelings. Points were not taken into account 
 at all, it was simply " ours against theirs " 
 always. The great race of the season was one 
 between the horses of Colonel Hawkins and 
 Captain Stevens of the staff, each ridden by 
 its respective owner. It was run, as all the 
 races were, just before " retreat," which was the 
 hour when everybody but the guard was off 
 duty, and was attended by a big crowd from 
 all the brigades, including the whole of the 
 Ninth who were off duty. These latter con 
 sidered it a bounden duty to be present and to 
 yell for their favorite. Colonel Hawkins came 
 in a winner, to the immense gratification of the 
 men of his regiment and the chagrin and 
 humiliation of the partisans of Captain Stevens. 
 Baseball " nines" were organized in a number 
 of regiments and many games played between 
 them in the interval between afternoon drill 
 and dress parade. The "nines" of the Ninth 
 
VICTORS IN THE GAMES. 4OS 
 
 and the 5ist New York played a series of 
 games during the early part of March, in which 
 the Zouaves were nearly always victorious, 
 much to the gratification of the boys of the 
 Ninth, who were wont, at the conclusion of 
 each game, to express their feelings in much 
 noisy tumult and with many sarcastic inquiries 
 directed to the men of the 5ist as to what if 
 any game said 5ist could play better than 
 baseball. 
 
 These may seem small matters to chronicle 
 in the history of a regiment, but as a matter 
 of fact, they were of very great importance to 
 the men of the regiment. They served to 
 enliven and give variety to camp life; were 
 recreation and amusement for all, and were 
 looked forward to with delightful anticipation 
 and remembered with a great deal of pleasure. 
 
 During the early part of March troops began 
 to leave Newport News for some unknown 
 destination, and by the middle of the month 
 regiments were being sent away almost daily. 
 
 As early as the yth of the month the regi 
 ment had received orders to prepare three days 
 cooked rations and be ready to move at a 
 moment s notice. Nobody seemed to know the 
 destination of the troops that had already left, 
 or were leaving daily, but rumors were plentiful 
 in camp and new ones were being put in cir- 
 
4O6 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 culation almost every hour about the new field 
 of operations to which the troops were destined. 
 Each new report differed from all others that 
 had preceded it, but every one was discussed 
 with great interest and animation and with 
 many disputes and arguments among the men 
 in relation to grand strategy, the future move 
 ments of the army and the plans of the generals. 
 
 The regiment continued in this state of un 
 certainty day after day, waiting for orders, but 
 they did not come. 
 
 The command of the post had now devolved 
 on Colonel Hawkins, as he was the ranking 
 officer present. 
 
 On the 1 3th, the 3rd Brigade of the 3rd Div 
 ision embarked on transports and proceeded 
 toward their unknown destination, and on the 
 day following, all the rest of the division, 
 except part of the ist Brigade, to which the 
 Ninth belonged, followed it. On that day the 
 regiment was relieved from provost guard by 
 the 5 ist New York. 
 
 About daybreak on the ist of April, marching 
 orders were at last received and the company 
 and regimental property was soon packed and 
 safely stowed on board the transport at the 
 wharf, but instead of embarking thereon 
 the regiment, presumably by orders, took the 
 road and marched to Fortress Monroe, where 
 
ON THE MOVE AT LAST. 4O7 
 
 it arrived at about four o clock that after 
 noon. Tents were issued, which were soon 
 pitched, and before tattoo all the work had 
 been completed and the regiment was com 
 fortably encamped. On the 3d, camp was 
 changed to Camp Hamilton where the regiment 
 remained until the loth, when orders were 
 received to proceed to Suffolk, Va. At sun 
 down that day it embarked on the transport 
 " Robt. A. Morris," and about midnight arrived 
 at Portsmouth, remaining on board until day 
 light next morning. 
 
 Colonel Hawkins was not relieved from the 
 command of the brigade when marching orders 
 were issued to the regiment and, therefore, was 
 not in command. About the time it departed 
 from Newport News he was either ordered or 
 requested to proceed to Washington on some 
 matter on which the military authorities were 
 consulting and did not join the regiment which 
 had arrived at Suffolk, and assume command 
 until the morning of April i2th. 
 
 The fact that the regiment had remained so 
 long without orders while such a large percent 
 age of the corps had departed, or were depart 
 ing for a new field of action, had caused a great 
 deal of speculation and discussion among the 
 rank and file. Every imaginable theory was 
 advanced by the camp strategists and sea- 
 
4O8 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 lawyers in the regiment to explain it, but none 
 of them appeared to be entirely satisfactory. 
 The most plausible one and the one most gen 
 erally accepted was, that inasmuch as the regi 
 ment s term of service would expire in about one 
 month, the military authorities had concluded 
 to (as the men expressed it) " let the boys take 
 it easy" until the time came to send them home. 
 
 The following telegrams copied from official 
 records may throw some light on the question. 
 They at least show that the military authori 
 ties were aware that the Ninth New York existed 
 and that, to a certain extent at least, its reputa 
 tion with said authorities was good. 
 
 Official records, Vol. 18, p. 582, April 4, 1863. 
 
 General Dix sends despatch to General Keyes, 
 commanding at Yorktown, that he leaves for 
 Washington that day, and says: "I have prom 
 ised General Peck, in case he is attacked, to 
 send for the Ninth New York Volunteers, 
 which is at Camp Hamilton, and belongs to 
 Getty s Division." 
 
 On April 10, 1863, General Keyes, from 
 Fortress Monroe, telegraphed General Peck at 
 Suffolk: " I will, when the enemy advances on 
 you, send Hawkins Zouaves and other aid 
 nearly equivalent." 
 
 And on the same day the General telegraphed 
 from Fortress Monroe to General Halleck: 
 
CERTAIN REGIMENTAL HISTORIANS. 4O9 
 
 " Upon Peck s urgent call I have sent the Ninth 
 New York to Suffolk to-day." 
 
 On page 598, April n, 1863, Keyes tele 
 graphed to General Peck : " I have this moment 
 received your telegram announcing that the 
 enemy is moving upon you in large force. I 
 suppose the Hawkins Zouaves are now with 
 you." 
 
 It may not be out of place here to call the 
 attention of the reader to the fact that these 
 telegrams demonstrate that the Ninth New 
 York Volunteers was held in higher estimation 
 by the officers who signed them and by those 
 to whom they were addressed than one would 
 believe possible after reading certain so-called 
 regimental histories, the emanations of J. Madi 
 son Drake, Brigadier-General, N. J., and his 
 fellow writers, on the battle of Roanoke Island. 
 The reason is perfectly plain. The confidence 
 of Generals Dix, Keyes, Peck and Halleck was 
 inspired by the reputation gained by the regi 
 ment during its two years of service, while the 
 writings of the authors above mentioned, were 
 governed by the wish to manufacture records for 
 their several regiments before there had been 
 either time or opportunity for them to earn 
 them, and by reciting alleged occurrences which 
 never happened, and of which none of them 
 could have had knowledge, under the existing 
 conditions, even had they taken place. 
 
41O NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 When the Ninth landed at Portsmouth on the 
 morning of the nth, they found that owing to 
 the advance of the enemy on Suffolk and the 
 alarm and confusion resulting therefrom, the 
 railroad service had been discontinued and the 
 only way of reaching the besieged town was by 
 marching. After marching about four miles the 
 company and regimental property and knap 
 sacks were packed in wagons and the regiment 
 completed the march of twenty-seven miles 
 over the railroad sleepers. The march was a 
 very fatiguing one. It rained considerably 
 during the day and w r hen at last Suffolk was 
 reached the men were wet, hungry, and very 
 tired. The marching on the ties was particu 
 larly fatiguing to men loaded down with the 
 ordinary equipments. 
 
 It was late when Suffolk was reached, and 
 for the last hour or two of the march the sub 
 ject uppermost in the thoughts of the men was 
 where they were to find quarters when they 
 arrived at their destination. After standing 
 in the ranks for some time, waiting to be 
 assigned to their position, it was ascertained 
 that the iO3d New York a regiment of 
 their own brigade which had preceded them 
 some days was on guard duty at the ex 
 treme front. This left their camp unoccupied, 
 so the Ninth unceremoniously turned into 
 
THE EVE OF A TRAGEDY. 411 
 
 their tents and proceeded to make themselves 
 comfortable and at home, knowing they would 
 be welcome. 
 
 On this night a tragedy occurred, which for 
 a time threatened serious consequences. This 
 was what seemed at that time, and which after 
 the lapse of so many years still seems to be, 
 the unjustifiable and wanton killing of Lieuten 
 ant-Colonel Kimball by General Corcoran. 
 
 As stated above, it was late in the night when 
 the regiment arrived in camp. There were no 
 provisions made for quarters for either officers 
 or men. It had been raining all day, and if any 
 sleep was to be had it was necessary to find 
 shelter. Colonel Kimball was invited to share 
 the tent of Major Bowers, of a New Hamp 
 shire regiment, who had been a companion in 
 arms of Kimball in Mexico, being a lieutenant 
 in the same company. It was necessary for 
 Kimball to visit Getty s headquarters to report 
 the arrival of the regiment, and to receive orders, 
 which he proceeded to do, Major Bowers mean 
 while preparing a place for him to sleep. While 
 on his way to make this call, or on his return 
 therefrom, Kimball s attention was attracted to a 
 sentry challenging a group of mounted men. 
 The challenged party did not respond to the 
 satisfaction of the sentry, who again demanded 
 the countersign. From among the challenged 
 
412 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 party came voices, some raised in expostulation 
 and others in explanation of their identity and 
 their destination. Colonel Kimball advanced 
 toward the disputants, at the same time saying, 
 " That s right, sentry ; let no one pass without 
 the countersign." He then challenged the 
 party himself, demanding the countersign. 
 The group of strangers numbered a dozen or 
 more men, some of them in military uniform, 
 others in citizen s dress. As they could not or 
 would not give the countersign, the principal 
 spokesman of the party merely reiterating the 
 statement that he was General Corcoran, Kim- 
 ball resolutely determined that they should not 
 pass, and placed himself in such a position as to 
 obstruct the passage of the leader. After a few 
 more words of altercation, a shot rang out, 
 and Kimball fell and instantly expired. 
 
 The bullet from Corcoran s pistol had passed 
 through his neck, severing one of the carotid 
 arteries, and causing death almost instantly. 
 
 A day or two after this tragedy, Brig.-Gen. 
 Michael Corcoran sent a letter to Colonel 
 Hawkins, in which he set forth what he evi 
 dently considered the extenuating circum 
 stances or justification of his act. This Better 
 is as follows : 
 
COR CO RAN S EXPLANA TIONS. 4 1 3 
 
 SUFFOLK, VA., April 13, 1863. 
 
 COLONEL: To prevent any misapprehension I send you a brief 
 statement in relation to the sad affair of Sunday morning, which re 
 sulted, I regret to say, in the death of Lieut. -Col. Edgar E. Kimball. 
 * * * I proceeded along the main road toward the front lines * * * 
 when an officer, whose rank I could not recognize (the night being very 
 dark) rushed out in front of me and ordered a halt, with the additional 
 remark, " I want the countersign." * * * I requested to know the 
 object of his halting me, and his name, rank, and other authority, but 
 
 could obtain no other reply than it was " none of my business ; 
 
 you cannot pass here." I expostulated with him * * * told him he 
 must let me pass. I asked him if he knew who he was talking to, and 
 gave him my name and rank * * * but it was of no avail. He 
 
 answered : " I do not care a who you are." I then told him I 
 
 should pass and warned him to get out of my way, and attempted to 
 proceed. He thereupon put himself in a determined attitude to pre 
 vent my progress. * * * It was at this point I used my weapon. * * * 
 MICHAEL CORCORAN, Brig.-General. 
 
 Without the testimony of the above letter 
 over his own signature, it would be difficult to 
 believe that any man could be found in the 
 army especially one who had secured the 
 rank of brigadier-general so utterly regardless 
 of all questions of right and justice, so de 
 ficient in ordinary intelligence and so grossly 
 ignorant of the simple primary rules and 
 practice of camps or troops in time of war, 
 that he would, when abroad in the night 
 time, in the immediate presence of the enemy, 
 surrounded by members of his staff and a 
 crowd of visiting friends, have answered the 
 demand for the countersign by volunteering 
 information as to his supposed name, rank 
 and purpose. 
 
 It is the well-known practice in all civilized 
 
414 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 armies to enforce by both precept and practice 
 the rule that nobody not even the soldier s 
 own captain or colonel or most intimate 
 friend shall be recognized at night or dealt 
 with otherwise than as a stranger and an 
 enemy, unless he properly identifies himself 
 by giving the countersign. There is no de 
 parture from this rule, " Know nobody, at 
 night." A challenged person who attempts to 
 identify himself by such explanations as an 
 nouncing his supposed name and rank, or 
 stating his alleged objects and mission, at 
 once excites the suspicion of the veteran sol 
 dier, and causes him to be, if possible, still 
 more upon his guard. Camps and garrisons 
 have been surprised and disasters have fol 
 lowed in numerous instances by departure 
 from this plain and simple rule. 
 
 If parties of men, either mounted or on foot, 
 should have the right to freely move through 
 or about camps or bivouacs at night, by 
 simply announcing, when questioned, I, or 
 we, are so and so, going to such a place, as 
 they might care to mention, there would be no 
 use in maintaining guards at all. Everybody, 
 enemies as well as friends, could then go wher 
 ever inclination, interest or desire called them. 
 
 Among the many instances where surprise 
 and loss has occurred when plausible ex- 
 
MOSBY S ANSWER TO THE SENTRY S CHALLENGE. 41S 
 
 planations have been accepted by sentries 
 and others in lieu of the countersign, is the 
 following, which happened about a month 
 before the fatal night on which Colonel Kim- 
 ball was killed, and which was probably 
 recalled to his mind when he discovered 
 Corcoran and his mixed cavalcade attempt 
 ing to ignore the demand for the counter 
 sign and offering explanations instead. 
 
 On the 8th of March, 1863, Col. John S. 
 Mosby and a detachment of his command, rode 
 into the Federal camp at Fairfax Courthouse. 
 They had succeeded in avoiding the outly 
 ing camps and pickets, the gleaming camp- 
 fires serving as beacons to warn them where 
 danger lay. They were not interfered with 
 until they arrived in the heart of the camp, 
 when a sentry challenged them. His chal 
 lenge was answered with the information that 
 they were a detachment of the 5th New York 
 Cavalry and were waiting there for the rest of 
 the regiment. They chatted familiarly with the 
 sentinel until the opportunity they were waiting 
 for arrived, when a pistol was suddenly clapped 
 to his ear and he was informed that he was a 
 prisoner and that his death would instantly fol 
 low any attempt to alarm the camp. They then 
 proceeded to the quarters occupied by the Union 
 Commander, Brigadier- General Stougton. 
 
416 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 They informed the soldier on guard that they 
 were bearers of dispatches for the General, 
 and succeeded in capturing him in the same 
 way they had the other sentinel. Part of them 
 then secured the rest of the guard while 
 the others proceeded to General Stoughton s 
 room, and after awakening him informed him 
 that he was a prisoner; that his camp had 
 been completely surprised and was in pos 
 session of Stuart s cavalry ; compelled him to 
 dress ; took him, his staff, his headquarters 
 guard in all 32 persons, 58 horses and his 
 headquarters equipage and rode gayly, chat 
 ting and laughing as they went, unmolested, 
 out of camp, and succeeded in getting safely 
 away. 
 
 Unfortunately for General Stoughton and his 
 reputation, there was no Colonel Kimball 
 awake in his camp that night. 
 
 The official recognition of this successful 
 venture is contained in the following con 
 gratulatory order : 
 
 HEADQUARTERS CAVALRY DIVISION, ARMY OF 
 
 NORTHERN VIRGINIA, March 12, 1863. 
 GENERAL ORDERS : 
 
 . Captain John S. Mosby has for a long time attracted the attention 
 of his General by his boldness, skill and success, so signally displayed 
 in his numerous forays upon the invaders of his native State. None 
 know his daring enterprise and dashing heroism better than those 
 foul invaders, though strangers themselves to such noble traits. 
 
 His late brilliant exploit the capture of Brig. -General Stoughton, 
 U. S. Army ; two captains, thirty other prisoners, together with their 
 
LIEUT. COLONEL KIMB ALL S ANTECEDENTS. 417 
 
 arms and equipments, and fifty-eight horses justifies this recognition 
 in General Orders. 
 
 This feat, unparalled in the war, was performed in the midst of the 
 enemy s troops, at Fairfax Court House, without loss or injury. The 
 gallant [band of Captain Mosby share the glory as they did the 
 danger of this enterprise, and are worthy of such a leader. 
 
 J. E. B. STUART, 
 
 Major-General Commanding. 
 
 The above single illustration of what some 
 times does and what at any time may follow the 
 disregard of the simple axiom that the only 
 identification to be received by a sentinel in the 
 night is the countersign, would seem to be 
 sufficient to dispose of the singularly foolish 
 and childlike contention of Corcoran and a few 
 thoughtless apologists of his act, that Kimball 
 had no right to demand the countersign that 
 night. 
 
 Lieutenant-Colonel Kimball was born in 
 Pembroke, N. H., June 3, 1822. He became a 
 printer in his youth, and for a number of years 
 was editor and publisher of the Woodstock ( Vt.} 
 Age. At the breaking out of the Mexican War 
 he abandoned his paper and raised a company for 
 the service and was assigned to Colonel Ran 
 som s regiment which became thegth U.S. Infan 
 try. He was commissioned captain March 8, 1847; 
 brevet-major, August 20, 1847, f r gallant and 
 meritorious conduct at the battles of Conteras 
 and Cherubusco ; honorably discharged August 
 26, 1848; commissioned major Ninth New 
 
418 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 York Volunteers May 4, 1861; lieutenant-colo 
 nel February 1 4, 1 862, and died, as has been seen, 
 the victim of a combination of ignorance and 
 arrogance. He was a gallant and intrepid 
 soldier, one whom no dangers could daunt 
 nor numbers terrify when either stood in the 
 path of his duty as a soldier. Always ready to 
 perform any act of daring or to lead to danger 
 where any man would follow, he was the ad 
 miration of the regiment, the men of which 
 sincerely mourned his loss and the manner 
 of it. Michael Corcoran will be remembered 
 by many New Yorkers of ante-bellum days, 
 as the colonel of a militia regiment, in which 
 position he gained considerable iiotoriety by 
 flatly refusing to obey the lawful command 
 of his superior officer when ordered to parade 
 his regiment with the command to which it be 
 longed to receive the Prince of Wales when on 
 his visit to New York. Corcoran was then, and 
 subsequently remained until, the breaking out 
 of the Rebellion, the keeper of what was known 
 in the vernacular of the day as a " three cent grog 
 shop," Hibernia Hall, in Prince Street, New 
 York City. He went to the front with his 
 regiment in response to the call for three 
 months troops, was taken prisoner at Bull Run 
 and was confined some time in Libby Prison. 
 Afterwards he was appointed brigadier-general 
 
ALMOST A MEETING. 419 
 
 and served a short time as commander of the 
 Corcoran Legion. He was killed by a fall from 
 his horse shortly after the killing of Lieutenant- 
 Colonel Kimball, and while engaged in a night 
 ride (accompanied by visitors, citizens and 
 soldiers) which was a counterpart of the ride 
 of the nth of April, 1863. 
 
 When Colonel Kimball s death, and the 
 manner of it became known throughout the 
 regiment, which was not until daylight the 
 following morning, there was intense excite 
 ment among the men. The indignation 
 reached such a height that serious conse 
 quences were feared. There was much con 
 fusion and the scene for a time savored 
 somewhat of insubordination, not to say 
 mutiny. Some of the men loudly demanded 
 that their officers lead them to Corcoran s head 
 quarters that they might avenge what they all 
 considered the wanton and cowardly murder 
 of their Lieutenant-Colonel. Before the point 
 of open outbreak was reached the " assembly" 
 was ordered sounded and the regiment " fell 
 in." The habit of obedience and discipline was 
 so strong that the excited, almost uncontrollable 
 mob was instantly transformed into an obedient, 
 well disciplined regiment. 
 
 General Getty, who had been sent for when 
 the situation became serious, arrived in a few 
 
420 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 moments. He addressed them in a quieting 
 and assuring speech, deploring the unfortunate 
 occurrence and promising that a thorough 
 investigation would be had and full justice 
 rendered. He also, and very wisely too, wrote 
 an order, directing the regiment to proceed to 
 Fort Nansemond at once, and occupy that and 
 adjacent works. This order was written while 
 the General sat on his horse in front of the 
 regiment. The Ninth was at once marched to 
 its new field of duty, which was found to be at 
 the extreme front, within a short distance of the 
 enemy s rifle pits, which were on ground that 
 commanded the fort. It remained here con 
 stantly under fire for twenty-two days until its 
 time expired, so fully occupied with the enemy 
 in front that if his satanic majesty had wished 
 to brew mischief he could have found no 
 heart or hands in the regiment to do it for 
 him. 
 
 Longstreet was investing the place with an 
 army estimated at thirty thousand men. He 
 allowed the defenders no rest either day or 
 night. His attempts to successfully assault 
 various parts of the line were defeated in every 
 instance, however, and the operations so far 
 as the Ninth was concerned, were confined 
 principally to sharpshooting and occasional 
 artillery duels. A portion of the regiment, 
 
UNDER FIRE FROM THE RIFLE-PITS 421 
 
 the whole of Company K, and such other men 
 as had been instructed in artillery drill at 
 Newport News under General Phelps, and at 
 Roanoke Island, manned different batteries 
 on the line occupied by the regiment. 
 
 General Getty in his report says : " The 
 artillery is especially deserving of great credit. 
 Captain Morris, Ninth New York Volunteers, 
 with a battery of 2O-pounder Parrott s, silenced 
 most effectually the enemy s battery at Nor- 
 fleet s, and afterward rendered good service 
 in silencing his batteries at Le Compte s. 
 
 The rebel rifle-pits were within easy range 
 of Fort Nansemond and the other Union 
 works, and the sharpshooting was continuous. 
 In a very few days the men became accus 
 tomed to this, in a measure, and contented 
 themselves with returning in kind these at 
 tentions of the enemy. The latter would 
 occasionally become so presistent and annoy 
 ing that the artillery would be compelled to 
 take part in the dispute and by dropping shells 
 into the rifle-pits, which they learned to do 
 very skillfully, would cause the enemy to 
 evacuate and scamper to better cover farther 
 to the rear. There would then be comparative 
 peace for a short time, but it would soon be 
 as bad as ever. 
 
 As has been stated before, the enemy s rifle- 
 
422 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 pits were so situated that they in part com 
 manded Fort Nansemond. Every part of the 
 work except that immediately behind the para 
 pet facing toward the enemy was under the fire 
 of his riflemen. Anyone exposing himself be 
 yond the shelter of the protecting parapet 
 was sure to be made a target of by the rebel 
 marksmen. This condition of affairs afforded 
 an opportunity for some of the most irreverent 
 and fun-loving among the Zouaves to extract 
 a good deal of amusement from it. To do 
 this they provided themselves with nails which, 
 when either officer or man was discovered in 
 an exposed place, was thrown in such a man 
 ner as to revolve swiftly on its shorter axis, 
 making a humming noise not unlike the sound 
 of a bullet, and as near to the head of the 
 victim as possible. The unconscious subject 
 of the trick would lose no time in putting him 
 self in a safer place, and nearly always in a 
 most undignified and generally terror stricken 
 manner. This performance would appear to 
 throw the jokers into an ecstasy of glee. If the 
 victim were an enlisted man there were howls 
 of derision and great exultation. If an officer 
 they expressed their feelings by going through 
 many and various bodily contortions, silently 
 of course, but nevertheless very vigorous and 
 demonstrative. 
 
INNOCENT EN JO YMENT. 423 
 
 The pinacle of demoniac joy was reached 
 when occasionally a higher officer on a tour 
 of inspection or observation would unwittingly 
 place himself in a position where the trick 
 would be practiced on him without danger of 
 discovery. To see him, as happened on more 
 than one occasion, drop suddenly on his hands 
 and knees when he heard the whiz of the nail 
 as it passed his head, and in that position 
 scuttle undignifiedly to a place of shelter, was 
 superlative glee, and possibly the memory of 
 it remains a joy with some of the wretches 
 even to this day. 
 
 At dusk on the evening of the igth of April, 
 a part of Hawkins Brigade, the 8th Connecticut 
 and 8gth New York, crossed the West Branch 
 of the Nansemond on Stepping Stones" and 
 captured the rebel Battery Huger, with five 
 pieces of artillery, nine commissioned officers 
 and one hundred and twenty men. This was 
 a gallant exploit for which the troops engaged 
 were commended in general orders. Among 
 the officers especially mentioned for gallantry 
 on the occasion, was Lieutenant Robert Mc- 
 Kechnie of Company H, Ninth New York, aide 
 to General Getty. 
 
 During the latter part of the month heavy 
 rain storms occurred but notwithstanding this 
 the fighting continued active. 
 
424 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 On the 30th of April the enemy opened with 
 a new battery of one " Whitworth " gun, one 
 30 and one 35-pounder Parrott. They were 
 quickly silenced by Captain Morris (Company 
 K) detachment, then at Fort Stevens, and con 
 sisting of men of the Ninth and the gunboat 
 " Commodore Barney," under command of 
 Lieutenant Gushing, U. S. N. 
 
 The expiration of the term of service of 
 the regiment was now rapidly approaching, 
 and all other thoughts and considerations were 
 completely blotted out or lost sight of in the 
 consuming desire and longing for home. For 
 weeks it had been the all-absorbing topic, and 
 had pervaded the minds of all, both sleeping 
 and waking. There was no relaxation, how 
 ever, in the steady and cheerful performance of 
 every duty, and a casual observer would 
 never have suspected that these soldiers so 
 obedient and prompt to respond to every 
 order were expecting almost hourly to be 
 relieved from duty and to turn their faces 
 towards the homes and loved ones many of 
 them had not seen since their term of service 
 began. 
 
 On the ist of May, an attempt was made 
 to capture the enemy s rifle-pits across the 
 river from Fort Nansemond, from which the 
 annoying fire of the sharpshooters had harrassed 
 
A SHARP FIGHT. 42B 
 
 the defenders so long. The ggth New York 
 was detailed to make the attempt. They 
 crossed the river by the bridge, deployed on 
 the opposite bank and advanced rapidly up 
 the slope toward the enemy s position exposed 
 to a brisk fire from the sharpshooters in the 
 pits. It appeared to be the intention to move 
 rapidly and capture the line of rifle-pits by 
 a daylight surprise before the rebel infantry 
 could be thrown forward to occupy them, in 
 which event they could, with the help of the 
 artillery in the forts, have held them against 
 a greatly superior force. As the attacking 
 force swept up the hill in plain view of the men 
 in the forts and earthworks on the Union side, a 
 large body of the enemy s infantry was ob 
 served to move out of the woods beyond, and 
 charge down the hill toward the advancing line 
 of the Qgth. It looked from the works as 
 though it were a countercharge by the enemy. 
 All the guns that could be brought to bear 
 opened on the advancing rebels, and it seemed 
 as though it would be impossible for them 
 to withstand it, when all at once they disap 
 peared from view, having reached the rifle- 
 pits for which they were rushing, and plunging 
 into them were out of sight and well sheltered 
 from the fire of both the forts and the advan 
 cing infantry. What had seemed from the 
 
426 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 forts to be two bodies of infantry charging 
 each other was, in fact, a race between the 
 attacking troops and the rebels as to which 
 would be able to reach the shelter of the 
 rifle-pits first, and the rebels having the 
 shortest distance to go won. As the line of 
 the ggth advanced up the slope, it came within 
 range of the artillery fire from the fort, which, 
 therefore, had to cease, for fear of inflicting 
 damage on their own men. When the rebel 
 reinforcements which had reached the rifle-pits 
 opened fire on the troops advancing to the 
 attack, it seemed to the soldiers looking on 
 from the opposite side of the river that the 99th 
 literally melted away. The fight was kept up 
 for some time, the Union soldiers stubbornly 
 holding their ground, even after all chance of 
 success had vanished; but they were at last 
 compelled to abandon the attempt and retire 
 across the river, leaving their dead and 
 wounded on the field. 
 
 Very soon after the ggth had gained the 
 shelter of the earthwork, and the firing had 
 ceased, several men of the Ninth crossed the 
 river, willing to take their chances of getting 
 hit, in an effort to render assistance to the 
 wounded, and later a rescue party of volunteers 
 was gathered and, under command of Major 
 Jardine, went over for the same purpose. 
 
A LOST ZOUAVE. 427 
 
 These went over without arms, and made little 
 if any attempt at concealment, only taking care 
 not to show themselves in an ostentatious 
 manner. The rebels showed an equally chiv- 
 alric and honorable spirit, for, while there 
 was an occasional shot, their presence was gen 
 erally ignored. As the reward of their labors 
 they brought over six dead and forty-three 
 wounded. 
 
 An incident occurred in connection with this 
 good work, an account of which will no 
 doubt be of interest, and which will show 
 the spirit and feelings which animated many of 
 the soldiers on both sides at this period of the 
 war. 
 
 One of the Zouaves had become so intent in 
 his search for the wounded that he unwit 
 tingly permitted darkness to overtake him, 
 and became suddenly aware that he was lost. 
 He could not determine which was the proper 
 direction to take to find the river, which was his 
 only landmark, but wandered back and forth, 
 thoroughly confused for a time, not daring to 
 go far in any one direction, for fear of running 
 into the enemy s line. While still in this un 
 pleasant frame of mind, he was startled by seeing 
 a rifle-barrel suddenly gleam in the moonlight 
 and a voice behind it say, in accents which 
 plainly would admit of no refusal, " Come here, 
 
428 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 Yank." Our friend, knowing well that he 
 was in a situation where a man who hesitates is 
 lost, promptly walked toward the voice, which 
 he found belonged to a rebel soldier whose 
 head appeared just above the surface of the 
 ground, the rest of the body being in a rifle-pit. 
 The Johnny took a good look at the Yank, 
 then lowered the hammer of his gun, and said, 
 in rather a friendly way, "Sit down, Yank. 
 You belong to the gth New York, don t you ? " 
 "Yes," replied the Yank. "Well," said the 
 Reb, "I thought your time was out." "So it 
 is," replied the Yankee. " We are going home 
 to-morrow. At least, the rest of the boys are." 
 But who are you, and what do you know about 
 the gth New York?" "Oh, I belong to the 
 3rd Georgia, I know a good deal about your 
 regiment," said the Reb. The Zouave knew 
 something about the the 3rd Georgia, too, so 
 he said, "Isn t your time out, too?" "Out 
 h !" said the Reb. "No, our time is never 
 out. Time don t count with us." 
 
 The conversation continued in this vein for 
 sometime longer, the Ninth man being very 
 uneasy meantime in regard to the final ending 
 of the visit, when the Reb suddenly interrupted 
 the dialogue by saying : " Look here, Yank, you 
 had better be getting out of here. My relief is 
 about due, and if you are found here you will 
 be scooped in." The Zouave informed him 
 
REGIMENT RELIEVED. GETTY S ORDER. 429 
 
 that he was just as anxious to go as his enter 
 tainer was to have him go, but that he had 
 lost his bearings and did not know in which 
 direction to reach the river. His friend, the 
 enemy, pointed out the general direction, and 
 " reckoned " that if his Yankee guest should be 
 unable to attract the attention of his friends on 
 his own side, he could swim the river and get 
 back to camp in that way. So they parted with 
 a mutual good night, and the Zouave reached 
 the regiment in safety. 
 
 On the next day the regiment was relieved 
 by the 6th Massachusetts, and orders were 
 issued to proceed to New York for the purpose 
 of being mustered out. In connection with 
 orders received for this purpose was a farewell 
 and complimentary one by General Getty, in 
 the following form : 
 
 HEADQUARTERS THIRD DIVISION, NINTH ARMY CORPS, 
 
 SUFFOLK, VA., May 26, 1863. 
 GENERAL ORDERS, No. 27. 
 
 After two years of constant field service the Ninth Regiment, New 
 York State Volunteers, are now about to return home ; their term of 
 service having expired. Among the first to spring to arms at their 
 country s call, they now return home after two years of faithful and 
 gallant service, with the heartfelt satisfaction of having done their 
 duty, with the praises of their friends and the admiration of the 
 enemy ; and with Hatteras, Roanoke, Camden, South Mountain, 
 Antietam, Fredericksburg and Suffolk inscribed on their banners. 
 
 Fare you well, brave and faithful comrades ! The best wishes of 
 those you leave follow you, and will unite with the cheers of the 
 thousands who will greet your triumphant march through your native 
 city to do you the honor you have so richly earned. 
 
 By command of 
 
 GEORGE W. GETTY, Brigadier-General, 
 CAPTAIN GARDINER, Asst. Adjt. -General. 
 
43O NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 This order was very gratifying to every 
 member of the regiment, coming as it did from 
 the general under whose watchful eye they had 
 served for several months, and who had evi 
 dently learned to value their soldierly qualities 
 as he had seen them exhibited in camp, on the 
 march, and on the battlefield. 
 
 One thing in connection with this last day of 
 their active service as an organization, which 
 had a tendency to dampen the enthusiasm of 
 the men, was the decision of the government, 
 that all the recruits who had enlisted at various 
 times subsequent to the muster-in of the regi 
 ment must remain behind in the service and 
 serve a full two year or three year term accord 
 ing to the terms of the " call for troops " under 
 which each one had enlisted. 
 
 Nearly, if not quite, all these recruits had 
 enlisted under the belief that their terms \vould 
 expire with that of the regiment. That was 
 also the general belief among the officers. At 
 the time of their enlistment they were informed 
 that while they were actually being sworn in 
 for a stated term, in years, yet nevertheless 
 every effort would be made to induce the war 
 department to permit them to be mustered out 
 with the regiment at the expiration of its term 
 of service, and it was believed that these efforts 
 would be successful. Colonel Hawkins left 
 
HOME A T LAST. 43 1 
 
 nothing undone in his efforts to have this 
 implied agreement carried out, but without 
 success. Consequently about three hundred 
 men were left behind to serve out their respec 
 tive terms in some other organization. 
 
 On the 3d of May the regiment left Suffolk 
 and proceeded to Fortress Monroe, where trans 
 portation by sea was furnished, and on the 5th, 
 after a voyage devoid of incident, it arrived in 
 New York. 
 
 One of the New York papers of that date 
 published the following notice of the expected 
 arrival of the regiment: 
 
 " The regiment will arrive in this city today. Extensive arrange 
 ments have been made in order to give the gallant corps an enthu. 
 siastic reception. Several fire companies, both of New York and 
 Brooklyn, have volunteered to turn out on the occasion. The Twelfth 
 Regiment, National Guard, will also parade in honor of the returning 
 heroes. They come on the steamer " Kennebec," and may be ex 
 pected to land about 9 o clock, A.M. 
 
 " A meeting of the wounded and friends of the regiment was held at 
 25 Carmine Street yesterday afternoon, and arrangements were made 
 for the ex-members, wounded, and friends, to turn out upon the occa 
 sion. The Zouaves will be commanded by Colonel Hawkins." 
 
 The reception was a very cordial and gratify 
 ing one, and the plaudits on the line of march 
 were numerous and enthusiastic. After a short 
 parade, not short enough however to suit the 
 impatient Zouaves, whose one desire was to be 
 with their loved ones from whom they had 
 been separated so long, the regiment arrived at 
 the Twelfth Regiment Armory, where the arms 
 
432 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS, 
 
 were deposited and the men dismissed for the 
 time being. 
 
 Nothing now remained to do but prepare the 
 rolls for muster-out. These were soon com 
 pleted and on May 20, 1863, the Ninth New 
 York Volunteers were mustered out of service 
 and ceased to exist as a military organization. 
 The whole number of men enlisted in 
 the regiment during the two years 
 of service, was . . . . I 4 I 3 
 
 Mustered out at expiration of term, 539 
 Transferred to the Third New York, 264 803 
 Which shows an apparent loss from all 
 
 causes of ... 610 
 
 In addition to this apparent loss there was an 
 additional actual loss in battle of 155 men, who 
 recovering from their wounds returned to the 
 regiment and were again " present for duty," 
 and are included in the above 803 men who 
 were either mustered out with it or trans 
 ferred to serve out their respective unexpired 
 terms of enlistment. 
 
CHAPTER XIV. 
 
 THE RECRUITS LEFT AT SUFFOLK LACK OF MILITARY 
 CONTROL VOLUNTEERING FOR THE FIGHT CAMP 
 RUMORS PRIVATE RECONNOITERING THE MAN 
 OF STRAW UNCERTAINTY AND ANXIETY AMONG 
 THE MEN TRANSFERRED TO THE THIRD NEW 
 YORK BOSSING THE REGIMENT OFF FOR FIELD 
 SERVICE CAMPAIGNING IN SOUTH CAROLINA 
 ARMY OF THE JAMES ARMY OF THE POTOMAC 
 MEN OF THE NINTH DISTINGUISH THEMSELVES - 
 REGIMENT DWINDLES AWAY CALL FOR SECOND 
 BATTALION A NEW NINTH ORGANIZED FORMA 
 TION OF I78TH NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS ORDERED 
 TO VIRGINIA NEW NINTH RECRUITING THE JULY 
 RIOTS JARDINE AND WHITE WOUNDED RESCUED 
 BATTALION AT FORT HAMILTON SEVENTEENTH 
 NEW YORK ORDERED TO THE FRONT PROVIS 
 IONAL BRIGADE SERVICE OF 178x11 SERVICE OF 
 i 7 TH MEN WHO SERVED IN OTHER REGIMENTS. 
 
 WHEN the Ninth departed for New 
 York for the purpose of being mus 
 tered out, about three hundred men recruits 
 who had enlisted in the regiment at various 
 times subsequent to its muster into the ser 
 vice, were left behind at Suffolk to serve out 
 their respective unexpired terms of enlistment 
 
434 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 They were for a time unattached to any 
 regiment or command. They had no com 
 missioned officers of their own. They were 
 detachments from every company in the regi 
 ment, and now found themselves without or 
 ganization, and for the time being practically 
 free from both military restraints and from the 
 performance of ordinary military duties. They 
 seemed to be at liberty to go and come within 
 camp lines at their own will and pleasure. 
 
 Each of them had enlisted for a stated period 
 two or three years according to the " call " 
 under which they respectively entered the ser 
 vice, but each and every one of them, as well 
 as every other man in the regiment, both 
 enlisted and commissioned, had firmly believed 
 that they would only be required to serve until 
 the term of the regiment expired. When it 
 was learned that they w^ould not be allowed to 
 go home with the regiment they were griev 
 ously disappointed. They had looked forward 
 with pleasurable anticipation to the time when 
 they would march up Broadway with the 
 regiment, participate with it in whatever recep 
 tion was accorded it, share in its honors and 
 claim their proportion of the glory it had won. 
 These hopes were now all dashed to the ground 
 and the men felt very bitter on account of what 
 they believed to be unjust treatment. Hope, 
 
VOLUNTEERING FOR THE FIGHT. 435 
 
 however, " springs eternal in the human breast," 
 and most of the boys still cherished a faint 
 hope or indulged in a vague expectation that 
 the decision which separated them from their 
 regiment might yet be reconsidered and that 
 some unforeseen turn in affairs might happen, 
 whereby they might still be mustered out with it. 
 This made them ready to grasp at any of the 
 multitude of rumors and camp stories which 
 sprung up where the wish was father to the 
 thought regarding the intention of the authori 
 ties concerning them. 
 
 On the 3d of May, which was the day after 
 the Ninth departed for home, a reconnaissance 
 was ordered to ascertain the whereabouts of 
 the enemy, who had suddenly become less 
 active than usual, and among the troops as 
 signed to the duty was the iO3d New York, a 
 regiment which had been long brigaded with 
 the Ninth. A goodly number of the retained 
 men voluntarily joined that regiment and par 
 ticipated in the fight which the movement 
 brought on. Among the killed in the engage 
 ment was Colonel Ringold, the commander of 
 the regiment, a most gallant and dashing 
 officer, and one in whom the whole brigade 
 took pride. This engagement proved to be the 
 last which took place during the siege. The 
 fighting for the present in that vicinity seemed 
 
436 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 at an end, and the leisure permitted some 
 body to start and spread a report that Colonel 
 Ringold s remains were to be sent home, and 
 that the recruits of the Ninth, as a reward for 
 their conduct in the fight in which he was killed, 
 were to act as their escort. This report was 
 eagerly seized upon by the men and produced a 
 good deal of excitement, many of them believing 
 it to be true. Like others of similar import, it 
 proved to be baseless. Then a report gained 
 currency, and was also believed, that it had 
 been decided to form the recruits into a light 
 battery to be commanded by Captain Morris, 
 of Company K, of the old regiment. There 
 appears to have been some little foundation for 
 this report as the men to the number of one 
 hundred and thirty were marched to a point 
 between Suffolk and Portsmouth, where they 
 were established in camp and a preliminary 
 organization was begun under somebody s 
 orders. There were no commissioned officers 
 assigned to take charge of affairs, but non 
 commissioned officers were detailed to act in 
 various capacities with a view to caring for the 
 men. Edward K. Whiteman, of Company B, 
 of the old regiment, was placed in charge of the 
 commissary department, with George W. 
 Rogers acting as commissary sergeant. They 
 both performed their duties well and for the 
 
PRIVATE RECONNO1TERING. 437 
 
 few days the camp was maintained succeeded 
 in drawing from the commissary, and in 
 properly issuing the full ration of food allowed 
 by the regulations. 
 
 This battery organization, however, was 
 abandoned in a few days. It is doubtful if 
 there was any serious intention on the part of 
 the authorities to complete it. 
 
 In the meantime, and before the battery 
 camp had been established, sharpshooting 
 along the lines had entirely ceased and a camp 
 rumor began to circulate that the enemy had 
 evacuated his works and retired. There 
 seemed to be nothing improbable about this 
 report except the fact that the lookout was 
 still plainly visible in the rebel observatory or 
 watch tower, and seemed to be attending 
 strictly to business. Many a shot was sent in 
 his direction, not so much with the expectation 
 of hitting him, but just to make it interesting 
 for him. 
 
 Some of the more venturesome spirits 
 among the Zouaves determined to find out for 
 themselves just what the situation was in their 
 front and slipping quietly over the works, 
 without going through the formality of asking 
 for orders, started on a reconnaissance of their 
 own. They were very cautious in their move 
 ments, as the rebel lookout was still on duty 
 
438 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 in the tower, and they did not wish to have 
 him direct the enemy s fire toward them. They 
 soon discovered that the rebel rifle-pits were 
 actually abandoned, and they pushed on for 
 some distance beyond them without finding the 
 enemy. The idea then occurred to some of 
 them, and was quickly acted upon, to attempt 
 to turn the tables on the man in the observa 
 tory who had caused them so much trouble 
 by his apparent vigilance, and who it seemed to 
 them had remained at his post too long for 
 his own good, by capturing and taking him into 
 camp. By skillful manoeuvering they suc 
 ceeded in gaining positions which enabled 
 them to cut off his retreat, when they boldly 
 advanced, surrounded the tower, and de 
 manded his unconditional surrender, when lo ! 
 the vigilant sentinel proved to be a man of 
 straw. An old suit of rebel butternut had been 
 stuffed with straw and leaves and the Johnnies 
 with considerable skill had so fashioned and 
 placed the figure that the deception at a little 
 distance was complete. The dummy had suc 
 cessfully engaged the attention of the vol 
 unteer scouts while the Rebs were quietly 
 retiring, no doubt laughing in their sleeves as 
 they pictured to themselves the disgust and 
 chagrin of the Yankees when they w r ould dis 
 cover the kind of sentry that had been left on 
 
TAKEN TO FORTRESS MONROE. 439 
 
 guard. When the men returned to the fort 
 and reported the results of their investigations 
 they, for reasons of their own, failed to mention 
 the capture of the dummy sentinel. 
 
 A day or two after the withdrawal of the 
 rebel troops, word was passed around among 
 the men of the Ninth that they were ordered 
 to assemble at a certain locality in Norfolk 
 twenty-seven miles distant and a rumor was 
 circulated at the same time to the effect that it 
 was for the purpose of acting as funeral escort 
 to the remains of Colonel Ringold on their 
 journey north for interment. The men re 
 sponded with alacrity. Those who still re 
 mained about Fort Nansemond and also the 
 men in the battery camp proceeded at once to 
 the rendezvous. Here they were taken in 
 charge by the provost guard, and together with 
 a number who had followed the regiment when 
 it started on the homeward journey, and who 
 were then scattered about the city, were es 
 corted on board a canal boat, and placed 
 under guard. On the next day a tug-boat 
 towed them to Fortress Monroe, and they were 
 marched from the wharf to the sally-port of 
 the fort, through a double line of soldiers, 
 and turned over to the commanding officer. 
 After certain necessary preliminaries had been 
 gone through with taking their names and 
 
44O NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 military histories, which would be verified later 
 by their descriptive lists they were assigned 
 to the various companies of the Third New 
 York Volunteers then under the command of 
 Colonel Alvord. 
 
 This body of men was also the remnant of 
 a two years regiment, the term of which had 
 expired only a few days before, and was com 
 posed not only of recruits whose terms of en 
 listment had not expired, but also of a consid 
 erable number of men of the Third, who had 
 re-enlisted for three years. The regiment had 
 served continuously on garrison duty in 
 Fortress Monroe ever since its first arrival in 
 Virginia, never having changed station or camp 
 or made a march. The men wore the regular 
 United States uniform, with all the brass 
 attachments, and so far as clothing and equip 
 ments could make them even to the band 
 boxes for their full-dress hats were regulars. 
 The addition of the men of the Ninth made 
 a good sized regiment, of which Colonel Alvord 
 and his officers were justly proud. 
 
 The records of the Third New York, on 
 file in the War Department, give the number 
 of men received by transfer from the Ninth 
 New York as 264. There is no data available 
 whereby the number of men dropped from the 
 rolls of the Ninth by transfer to the Third can 
 
TRANSFERRED TO THE THIRD N. Y. 44 1 
 
 be ascertained. These numbers should agree, 
 but it is known that they do not. Quite a 
 number of the men left behind by the Ninth 
 were never officially accounted for. 
 
 For a long time subsequent to the consolida 
 tion, conditions in the new regiment were not 
 as pleasant as they might be. The 264 men 
 from the Ninth were veterans who had been 
 continuously in the field ever since they joined 
 their regiment, and had taken part in severe 
 battles and long marches, and it was only nat 
 ural that they should consider themselves, in all 
 soldierly qualities which came as the result of 
 military experience, the superiors of their new 
 comrades, who had spent their whole terms of 
 service behind the parapets of a fort which was 
 not even in the enemy s country. They soon 
 perceived that they were held in some awe and 
 not a little respect by both officers and men 
 of the Third, and they were not slow to 
 take advantage of it. They objected most 
 strenuously to the regulation uniforms, which 
 they were ordered to draw to take the place 
 of the Zouave clothing which they were then 
 wearing. The opposition was so decided 
 that the Colonel and officers finally submitted to 
 them and the men continued to wear the uniform 
 of their old regiment until it was worn out. 
 This wearing of a distinctive uniform served to 
 
442 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 hold them closer together and kept them in 
 a measure separated from the other men of 
 the regiment. This, and the knowledge that 
 the officers would give way to their demands 
 if firmly pressed, was bad for discipline, and 
 for a time, or until nearly the whole personnel 
 of both field and line officers had been changed 
 by resignations and other causes, they were in 
 clined to be somewhat riotous and insubor 
 dinate. This gradually wore away, however, 
 as the old officers dropped out one by one and 
 their places were filled by men who had risen 
 from the ranks and who adopted better meth 
 ods of government and discipline, and the Third 
 soon developed into an excellent regiment. 
 
 About two weeks after their arrival at the 
 fort they were gratified by receiving marching 
 orders. The first move was to Portsmouth, 
 Va., where they encamped on Paradise Creek. 
 From there they were sent to Folly Island, S. 
 C, where they arrived in the early part of June, 
 and were assigned to Alvord s Brigade, Second 
 Division, i8th Army Corps. 
 
 While here the regiment had plenty of actual 
 war service, taking part in nearly all the en 
 gagements up to and including the capture of 
 Fort Gregg; the men so conducting themselves 
 in these engagements as to receive the com 
 mendation of their superiors. 
 
CAMPAIGNING IN VIRGINIA. 443 
 
 In March, 1864, it joined the Army of the 
 Potomac at Glouster Point, Va., and later was 
 transferred to the Army of the James, where it 
 saw plenty of service both at Bermuda Hun 
 dreds and at the front of Petersburg. In the 
 fight at Drewry s Bluff, or Newmarket Road, 
 it participated in a brilliant charge, capturing 
 and holding the enemy s line for a time, but 
 was afterwards outflanked and compelled to 
 retire. Several of the boys of the Ninth greatly 
 distinguished themselves here, notably Ser 
 geant Todd and acting Sergeant-Major Avent. 
 The latter rallied the men, after the repulse 
 above noted, and there being no commissioned 
 officer present with that portion of the regi 
 ment, which had become separated from the 
 rest of the command, established a line in the 
 face of the enemy and held it successfully for 
 several hours until relieved of command by 
 the arrival of a commissioned officer, Lieuten 
 ant James H. Reeves. 
 
 The regiment was engaged in the attack on 
 the enemy s intrenchments on the north side 
 of the James, under General " Baldy " Smith on 
 the day the Army of the Potomac formed the 
 junction with the Army of the James. The 
 movement as a whole was not a success, if it 
 had been the siege of Petersburg would have 
 been unnecessary, but the division to which 
 
444 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 the regiment belonged, after being twice re 
 pulsed in the attempt, succeeded in capturing 
 that part of the line in their immediate front, 
 turning the enemy s guns upon them and fired 
 their own shot and shell at the retreating 
 rebels. 
 
 The regiment joined the besieging army in 
 the works before Petersburg, and during its 
 stay there was repeatedly engaged. It took 
 part in the mine fiasco and was part of the 
 command which held its ground for so many 
 hours in the crater. 
 
 While stationed at Chapin s farm a number 
 of vacancies among the line officers of the regi 
 ment were filled by promotion from the rank 
 and file, five of the positions falling to men 
 who had been transferred from the Ninth, viz.: 
 George W. Rogers, John Knowles, James 
 Rockwell, George E. Avent and E. K. Whiteman. 
 
 When the Fort Fisher expedition was organ 
 ized the Third was ordered to join it. The 
 regiment did its full share of fighting, and 
 suffered its proportionate loss in the memorable 
 attack and capture of that work. Several of 
 the men of the old regiment greatly distin 
 guished themselves in the desperate hand-to- 
 hand conflict which preceded the capture of the 
 fort. Edward K. Whiteman, one of the Zou 
 aves, who although a commissioned officer, 
 
DISTINGUISHED GALLANTRY. 445 
 
 had not been mustered and was still doing 
 duty as a sergeant, led a detachment of the 
 regiment over the parapet in the most gallant 
 manner, driving the defenders successively, step 
 by step, from traverse to traverse, encouraging 
 his men by voice and example and winning the 
 admiration of all who saw him, until he fell 
 dead, literally in the ranks of the enemy, on the 
 eighth mound which his party had won by 
 their gallant and determined efforts. Thus fell 
 a heroic soldier, giving " the last full measure 
 of devotion" to his country, and reflecting 
 honor on his regiment and on the cause in 
 which he served. 
 
 This was the last engagement in which the 
 regiment participated. It had become reduced 
 to a mere handful in numbers, not so much 
 from the casualties of battle, although its losses 
 had been large, as from the rapid discharge of 
 the men, some of whose terms of enlistment 
 began to expire almost as soon as the con 
 solidation had been effected. The first man 
 from the Ninth to be discharged from the Third 
 was Samuel H. Marsh, who had enlisted for 
 two years, just sixteen days after the muster-in 
 of the old regiment. From that time onward 
 it dwindled away very rapidly, some of the 
 men being discharged almost daily. This 
 paucity of numbers prevented the muster-in of 
 
446 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 a number of officers who had been promoted 
 for gallant and meritorious services or for 
 marked soldierly ability. From among the 
 recruits of the Ninth sixteen men were promoted 
 to be commissioned officers, and thirty-two 
 to non-commissioned positions, a total of forty- 
 eight promotions out of the two hundred and 
 sixty-four transferred, or a fraction over eighteen 
 per cent. 
 
 The regiment was finally mustered out of 
 service at Raleigh, N. C, August 26, 1865. 
 
 In the autumn of 1862, at the time when a 
 considerable number of the men of the Ninth, 
 who had been wounded at Antietam were con 
 valescent and preparing to return to the front, 
 a call was published in the New York news 
 papers, notifying the public generally, that on 
 a specified day a meeting would be held at 
 the office of Mr. Dexter A. Hawkins, for the 
 purpose of organizing and sending to the front 
 a regiment to be designated " Second Battalion 
 Ninth New York Volunteers." Mr. Hawkins 
 was a relative of Col. Rush C. Hawkins, of the 
 Ninth, and one of the many patriotic citizens 
 of the Metropolis who were contributing freely 
 of their time and means in an effort to render 
 assistance to the Government in its desperate 
 struggle against armed treason. 
 
 Up to that time the Union forces had gained 
 
THE SECOND BATTALION. 447 
 
 few victories and had suffered many reverses, 
 and as a consequence recruiting at the North 
 had almost come to a standstill. Mr. Hawkins 
 and the gentlemen associated with him desired 
 to organize a regiment which would be officered 
 entirely by men who had served at the front 
 and had gained military knowledge from actual 
 experience on the march, in the bivouac, and on 
 the battlefield, and thereby inspire confidence 
 in such patriotic citizens as might desire to 
 serve their country as soldiers, but who might 
 hesitate to enlist, in the fear that they might be 
 obliged to serve under officers who had no 
 more experience in war than they themselves, 
 and would in all probability be sacrificed on the 
 altar of ignorance and inexperience. 
 
 The meeting was held in pursuance to the 
 call, several of the Antietam wounded of the 
 Ninth attending, and a preliminary or provi 
 sional organization formed, and headquarters 
 for the same established at the corner of 
 Broome and Mercer Streets, New York City. 
 The field officers designated for the proposed 
 regiment were as follows: Colonel, Julius 
 W. Adams, who was a West Point graduate ; 
 Lieutenant-Colonel, Edward Jardine, then 
 Major of the old regiment and serving with 
 it at the front; Major, Thomas W. Conway, 
 the then Chaplain of the Ninth, who was at the 
 
448 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 time in New York on leave of absence. The 
 positions of line officers were generally left open, 
 to be filled later as companies were organized, 
 except the few who were designated for the 
 companies which were then started, and these 
 were selected both from the old regiment and 
 from other sources. Charles Curie, of Company 
 C of the Ninth, one of the Antietam wounded, 
 became first lieutenant of one of the first com 
 panies started. He afterward was adjutant of 
 the new regiment. He at once established 
 headquarters and began recruiting and pro 
 ceeded with the organization of his company. 
 Recruiting just then was slow work. There 
 were scores of new regiments being organized, 
 the greater number of them, however, remain 
 ing skeleton organizations for months. 
 
 Before the new regiment had secured re 
 cruits enough to entitle it to " muster-in " to 
 the service, the term of the old regiment had 
 expired and the first excitement attending its 
 home-coming had hardly passed away before a 
 new Ninth New York was organized, which 
 was to be officered exclusively by men of the 
 old regiment. The field and staff of the new 
 organization as first decided on were Colonel 
 Edward Jardine; Lieutenant-Colonel William 
 G. Barnett; Major James R. Whiting, and 
 Adjutant G. A. C. Barnett. 
 
CONSOLIDATIONS AND CHANGES. 449 
 
 There were some changes in the personnel 
 made subsequently, due to casualties and con 
 solidation with other regiments. A part of the 
 Second Battalion was consolidated with the 
 new Ninth, while the remainder, about two 
 companies, were combined with other skeleton 
 regiments and consolidated into the iy8th 
 New York Volunteers. 
 
 The personnel of the Second Battalion was 
 changed considerably when the Ninth New 
 York was reorganized, and further changes 
 followed the various consolidations, as above, 
 until finally all the field positions were filled by 
 men who had not been members of the old regi 
 ment. The consolidation of part of the organi 
 zation with the new Ninth deprived it of 
 several line officers also, who w r ere former 
 Zouaves. Among those who remained and 
 cast their lot with the regiment, which became 
 the iy8th New York, were Harry Wright, who- 
 became a lieutenant; Charles Curie, who 
 attained the rank of captain before his final 
 muster-out; John B. Gandolfo, who eventually 
 became colonel of the regiment, and John B. 
 Pannes, who was promoted from the iyth New 
 York to a captaincy in the iy8th. In addition 
 to the above mentioned commissioned officers,, 
 there was a goodly number of ex-Zouaves 
 among the rank and file of the new regiment. 
 
450 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 About the middle of June, 1863, the first five 
 companies of the regiment proceeded to Vir 
 ginia, where for a time they formed part of the 
 defenses at Washington. Later they were on 
 guard duty in and about that city, and while 
 there were joined by the remaining companies 
 and the regiment completed. 
 
 Meantime the reorganized Ninth, which while 
 recruiting had been stationed at Sprague Bar 
 racks, Staten Island, was slowly adding to its 
 numbers. When the "July riots" of 1863 
 broke out Colonel Jardine and the partly organ 
 ized regiment at once marched against the 
 mob, which was in almost undisputed control 
 in several different sections of the city, and in 
 one of the fights which followed Jardine was 
 dangerously wounded. This proved to be an 
 injury of such [a nature as to disable him from 
 further service in the field and to eventually 
 cause his death. 
 
 In this fight the troops were at first over 
 whelmed by the mob which was well armed 
 with carbines from a sacked gun factory, and 
 were obliged to fall back leaving the Colonel, 
 who had already been wounded and was unable 
 to help himself, behind. Assistant-Surgeon 
 White of the old regiment, remained with him, 
 and both fell into the hands of the mob. 
 White, after receiving a blow from the butt of 
 
RESCUE OFJARDINE AND WHITE. 451 
 
 a carbine, which laid open his scalp and in 
 flicted a serious wound, was hurried away by a 
 portion of the mob and preparations began to 
 hang him to a lamp post. Jardine, in the mean 
 time, with his extraordinary tact and address, 
 which never deserted him under any circum 
 stances, was parleying with the others in an 
 almost hopeless attempt to gain time, when 
 they were both almost miraculously rescued 
 by the timely arrival of reinforcements. 
 
 While Captain Webster and his regulars, of 
 which the reinforcements consisted, with diffi 
 culty held the mob at bay in the street, Jardine 
 and White were assisted out of the melee and 
 taken to a place of safety. 
 
 On the 29th day of August, 1863, two full 
 companies of the Ninth were mustered into the 
 United States service, and on September 2d, 
 under command of Captain James B. Horner 
 who returned at the close of the war major of 
 the regiment were ordered to Fort Hamilton, 
 New York Harbor, to report to Colonel Han 
 nibal Day, U. S. A., commanding the post, 
 where they did duty with the regular garrison 
 until October i6th, when they returned to 
 Sprague Barracks. The regiment being still 
 incomplete it was here consolidated with other 
 organizations and became the iyth New York 
 Veteran Volunteers. 
 
452 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 This consolidation had the effect of relegating 
 Jardine to the position of lieutenant-colonel, 
 and leaving Barnett out altogether, the posi 
 tions of colonel and major falling to the share 
 of the original iyth, that organization having 
 brought more men into the regiment than any 
 of the others, and it being customary under such 
 circumstances to apportion the officers pro rata. 
 
 Barnett afterward accepted a position in the 
 regiment and became the junior captain. 
 
 Jardine, owing to his wound, never joined the 
 regiment, and resigned his commission May 
 loth, 1864. 
 
 The Zouave uniform of the old regiment, 
 which had been adopted by the new Ninth and 
 supplied by the State to the regiment, was so 
 much admired by the officers of the lyth, that 
 it was adopted by them as the regimental uni 
 form. Many of the characteristics of the old 
 regiment, including their style of drill, was 
 also followed by the new regiment. At the 
 grand review in Washington at the close of 
 the war the appearance of the lyth, in style, 
 uniform and marching, bore such a similarity 
 to the Hawkins Zouaves that it was com 
 mented upon by many of the spectators who 
 had been familiar with the appearance of the 
 latter regiment. 
 
 Shortly after the consolidation was effected 
 
MOVEMENTS OF THE i 7 8th NEW YORK. 453 
 
 the regiment was ordered to the front and near 
 Washington, D. C, early in the autumn of 
 1863, became part of a provisional brigade, 
 which was composed of the lySth New York 
 Veteran Volunteers, iyth New York Veteran 
 Volunteers, and the 34th and 35th New Jersey 
 Volunteers. They were ordered to report to 
 General Sherman, who was then on the march 
 from Memphis to join Grant at Chattanooga, 
 and whom they expected to find at or near 
 Eastport, Miss. Sherman had already passed 
 when the brigade arrived at L that point, and 
 after a wait of several days for orders it was 
 sent to join Gen. A. J. Smith, at Columbus, Ky. 
 The lySth was detached from the provisional 
 brigade here and was sent to garrison Fort 
 Pillow. From there it joined Sherman at 
 Vicksburg, becoming part of A. J. Smith s 
 division, and participated in the Meridian raid. 
 It was then, with A. J. Smith s and Mower s 
 divisions of the i6th Army Corps, sent to 
 the Red River country to assist Banks out of 
 his trouble, and participating in all the opera 
 tions of that campaign rendered such efficient 
 and valuable assistance that Banks army was 
 saved from overwhelming disaster. It was 
 then transferred to Arkansas and joined in the 
 pursuit of Marmduke, thence to Mississippi 
 and Tennessee in the Tupelo campaign and 
 
454 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS, 
 
 the marchings and countermarchings, battles 
 and skirmishes in the pursuit of that most 
 able cavalry commander, Forest. Always on 
 the move with little time for either rest or 
 sleep. From there was hurried to Missouri 
 to assist in heading off the Confederate General 
 Price s movement against St. Louis. Partici 
 pated in the affair at Franklin, where Price was 
 defeated and forced to retreated. Followed 
 close upon his heels across the State of Mis 
 souri to the Kansas line, where he was over 
 taken and again defeated and his army scat 
 tered. From here the regiment returned to 
 Pleasant Hill, where it arrived October 3ist 
 Between October ist, the date of the fight at 
 Franklin, until the arrival of the command at 
 Pleasant Hill, the regiment had marched four 
 hundred miles. 
 
 In the early days of December the command, 
 which by that time by reason of their long 
 marches and unkempt appearance, had become 
 known in the army as " Smith s Guerillas," 
 joined Thomas at Nashville and took part in 
 that battle. In response to instructions from 
 General Thomas at that time, directing brigade 
 commanders to report the conduct of com 
 missioned officers during the battles before 
 Nashville. Colonel E. H. Wolfe, command 
 ing the brigade to which the iy8th was 
 attached, reported : 
 
THE SE VENTEENTH NE W YORK. 455 
 
 * * * Without doing injustice, however, to other officers I would 
 respectfully recommend for promotion Captain John B. Gandolfo, 
 commanding the i-jSth New York Volunteers. This officer I have 
 before recommended for promotion, and the manner in which he dis 
 charged his duties during the engagement of the i6th, has only strength 
 ened my former opinion as to his ability as an officer, and I again urge 
 his advancement in the service. * * * 
 
 After the destruction of Hood s army the 
 command was ordered to report to General 
 Canby, and was a part of his forces in the 
 movement against and capture of Mobile, 
 which event occurred on April Qth, 1865. 
 
 Having practically reached the end of the 
 war the regiment saw no more active service 
 and in due course was regularly mustered out. 
 
 The " Seventeenth " remained for a time 
 part of the provisional brigade above referred 
 to, and after the departure of the iy8th was 
 engaged in active duty, marching and counter 
 marching, to pursue or intercept the enemy 
 over a wide extent of territory. It participated 
 in the movement which is designated by those 
 who took part in it as the "Meridian raid," 
 and in the other operations of the army, being 
 almost continuously on the move until the 
 winter was well advanced and the ground 
 covered with snow. The regiment was after 
 ward sent to Decater, Ala., and during the 
 time the command to which it was attached 
 was operating in that vicinity became, by 
 reason of its various marches and movements, 
 
456 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 well acquainted with a large portion of north 
 ern Alabama and northeastern Mississippi. 
 
 It finally became part of Sherman s army 
 participating in all its movements, including 
 the battle of Jonesboro, in which in a brillant 
 charge on the enemy s works it lost its Colonel, 
 Wm. T. C. Grower, and a hundred men. The 
 heroism of Colonel Grower and the gallantry 
 of the regiment was so conspicuously displayed 
 on that occasion that it attracted the notice of 
 General Thomas, who afterward, at the grand 
 review at Washington, took pains to publicly 
 thank it for the gallantry shown on that occa 
 sion. 
 
 It was prominently active in the Atlanta 
 campaign and in the memorable siege which 
 terminated that brilliant series of strategic 
 movements and successfully fought battles 
 which followed each other so rapidly during 
 that most remarkable chapter of the war. 
 
 It was part of the army of Sherman, when 
 that master in strategy cut losse from his base 
 and started on the famous " March to the sea," 
 participated in all the hardships of that army 
 and shared all its glories. It was actively 
 engaged in many of the battles which were 
 fought during the progress of that great move 
 ment from Tennessee to North Carolina, and 
 participated and suffered severe losses in the 
 
CAREER OF CAPT. BARNETT. 4S7 
 
 very last one fought, namely, Bentonville, N. 
 C, April igth, 1865. Three days prior to that 
 date, at Averyboro, N. C., the regiment sus 
 tained considerable loss, among the dead being 
 Captain William G. Barnett, who was killed 
 while faithfully performing his duty at the head 
 of his company. He was one of the old 
 " Ninth " and his military career was in one 
 feature at least a decidedly singular one. At 
 the very outbreak of the war he entered the 
 service as a captain in the " Ninth," and took 
 part as such in the first battle of the Rebellion, 
 viz.: Big Bethel, June loth, 1861. He was 
 killed while still a captain in one of the last 
 battles fought, having been in the field in 
 active service almost continuously during the 
 four years intervening. 
 
 The following obituary notice, which is from 
 the pen of Dr. J. P. P. White, assistant surgeon 
 of the old " Ninth," and which was published 
 at the time of Captain Barnett s death, will not 
 be out of place here: 
 
 AVERYBORO, N. C., April 19, 1865. 
 
 * * * In the list of officers killed at the battle of Averyboro, N. C., 
 April 16, 1865, occurs the name of Captain William G. Barnett, of the 
 iyth New York Volunteers. 
 
 He originally entered service in April, 1861, as captain of "B" Company, 
 gth New York Volunteers, " Hawkins Zouaves," serving through all 
 the trying and glorious campaigns of that organization with great 
 distinction, and contributing perhaps more than any other officer of the 
 line to the perfection of drill, which so distinguished it, as well as to 
 the efficiency which was so nobly displayed on many a hotly contested 
 field. 
 
458 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 Wounded early in the battle of Antietam he refused to leave his 
 command which sustained the first shock of the furious flank attacks 
 of the enemy late in the afternoon of that eventful day. His term of 
 service having expired, he, with Colonel Jardine, attempted to re 
 organize the gth Regiment, holding the position of lieutenant-colonel. 
 During the period allotted for that effort a severe wound received by 
 Colonel Jardine in one of the conflicts with the rioters of 1863, in which 
 Captain Barnett participated with his usual gallantry, frustrated their 
 plans for the future, and on the consolidation with the lyth, he accepted 
 with characteristic modesty the position of captain in the latter, shrink 
 ing from no personal sacrifice in his efforts to aid the cause for which 
 he gave up his life. 
 
 Peculiar considerations and influences, better understood in his regi 
 ment than elsewhere, prevented his promotion to a rank commensurate 
 with his abilities, and his name adds another to the long list of 
 heroes, forgotten while living, but honored in their graves. Lulled to 
 sleep by the thunder of victorious guns, the last sad salute, the rifle 
 shots of his gallant men, he is lying on a well-fought field, the long 
 moss of Carolina forests "dewed with nature s tear-drops," waving 
 gently over his silent resting place. We leave him to future and 
 coming generations, who shall, with reverent feet, hasten to honor the 
 martyr who gave his life to regenerate and purify the country. 
 
 As man may he fought his fight, proved his truth by his endeavor ; 
 Let him sleep in solemn night, sleep forever and forever. 
 Leave him to God s watchful eye, trust him to the hand that made him, 
 Mortal love weeps idly by, God alone has power to aid him. 
 
 The war was now practically over, and after 
 taking part in the grand review at Washing 
 ton, the i yth, together with the other gallant 
 regiments of which the armies were composed, 
 were mustered out, and the individual members 
 of all of them were soon absorbed in the civil 
 body, and became again the ordinary unpre 
 tending citizens of the Great Republic. 
 
 These brief sketches of the regiments in 
 which so many men of the " Ninth" completed 
 their military careers, is simply for the purpose 
 of continuing the history of the old regiment 
 
THE INFLUENCE OF THE NINTH. 4S9 
 
 under its other designations. At the time of 
 the muster-out of the Ninth a two year regi 
 ment the war was scarcely half over. A large 
 majority of the men who had survived the 
 " Accidents of field and flood," at once re-en 
 tered the service. Two hundred and sixty-four 
 men whose terms of enlistment had not ex 
 pired remained in the field as the 3d New 
 York. As soon as the Ninth had been mus 
 tered out, numbers of the discharged men at 
 once re-enlisted in the Second Battalion, and 
 still greater numbers in the reorganized Ninth, 
 when that regiment was started. In the field 
 these men exerted a powerful influence for 
 good on their respective organizations. They, 
 both commissioned and enlisted, set up their 
 old regiment as their standard of excellence 
 and strove to bring their respective regiments 
 up to that standard and to keep them there. 
 The esprit de corps of the Ninth was always 
 present and nearly always in the ascendancy, 
 and to it was largely due the honorable records 
 these regiments made in the service. 
 
 In addition to those who clung together in 
 groups and so enlisted in their respective regi 
 ments, a considerable number entered the ser 
 vice separately. Some of these had strong 
 preferences for other arms of the service than 
 infantry, while others scattered to their homes 
 
46O NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 in more or less distant localities, in New York 
 and other States, and entered regiments which 
 were recruiting in those localities. 
 
 It is neither desirous, nor would it be prac 
 ticable to give the names of any considerable 
 proportion of such men as thus enlisted singly, 
 but as a matter of corroboration to the above 
 the names of the following members of the 
 Ninth who continued ^their service as commis 
 sioned officers in other regiments than those 
 mentioned in this history are here given. 
 
 First Sergeant D. J. Green, of Company F, 
 was commissioned in one of the North Caro 
 lina regiments recruited at Plymouth, and 
 served with honor and distinction till the end 
 of the war; Latham A. Fish, of Company C, 
 served his second term as a captain in the 
 1 74th New York Volunteers; Lieut. James 
 H. Fleming, of Company I, entered the cav 
 alry after serving his full term in the Ninth, 
 and died heroically at Falls Church, Va., while 
 in command of his company; Serg.-Maj. Au 
 gustus Dusenbury entered the 35th New Jersey 
 Volunteers, and finished his second enlistment 
 a captain ; John S. Harrison, lieutenant in 
 Company D, joined an Iowa regiment and 
 became captain ; Lieut. George W. Debevoise, 
 of Company A, after being discharged for dis 
 ability, the result of wound, was commissioned 
 
SUBSEQUENT SER VICES OF EX-ZOUA VES. 46 1 
 
 in the Veteran Reserve Corps and served until 
 the end of the war, leaving the service a major ; 
 Emil Boese, after being discharged for disabil 
 ity by reason of wound received in battle, 
 joined a New York cavalry regiment and 
 became a commissioned officer; Charles F. 
 Roe, after his muster out, entered the regu 
 lar army, and was promoted through the 
 various grades to commissioned officer; Wil 
 liam Paulding, of Company H, served his 
 time with his regiment, then joined the artil 
 lery, and before being discharged for disabil 
 ity from wounds in action, reached the rank 
 of major; William S. Hudson, of Company C, 
 was promoted to a lieutenancy in the 49th 
 New York Volunteers, and became a captain; 
 Matthew J. Graham, who lost a leg at Antie- 
 tam and was mustered out with the regiment, 
 was commissioned in the Veteran Reserve 
 Corps, and served till the close of the war; 
 Captain A. S. Graham, a brother of the forego 
 ing, saw the end of the Rebellion while serving 
 as a commissioned officer in the department 
 of the gulf; Edwin Dewes, who was mustered 
 into the Ninth as Sergeant of Company B, and 
 discharged with the regiment as lieutenant, 
 entered a Massachusetts regiment and before 
 the end of the war reached the rank of 
 major; Louis Fucot, a private of Company F, 
 
462 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 became a commissioned officer of United 
 States Volunteers, and served as a staff officer 
 in the department of the gulf, during the latter 
 part of the war. 
 
 This incomplete list, which does not include 
 the names of any from among the scores of 
 ex-Zouaves who entered various regiments as 
 enlisted men, will serve to show the spirit 
 which animated a majority of the men of the 
 regiment. These men of the Ninth had re 
 sponded to the President s first call for troops, 
 at a time when no other inducements were 
 offered to volunteers than the knowledge that 
 the life of the nation was in danger, and a 
 majority of them remained at their posts until 
 the last armed enemy had thrown down his 
 weapon and surrendered. 
 
CHAPTER XV. 
 
 INTRODUCTION TO THE THIRD GEORGIA VARIOUS MEET 
 INGS ON THE BATTLE FIELD SEEKING OLD FOES 
 AFTER THE WAR THE NINTH VISITS THE THIRD- 
 INCIDENTS OF THE VISIT TO GEORGIA SPEECHES 
 RECEPTION OF THE THIRD GEORGIA BY THE 
 ZOUAVES HOW THEY WERE TREATED BY THEIR 
 OLD-TIME FOES BANQUETS SIGHTSEEING EX 
 CURSIONS DEPARTURE OF THE GEORGIANS. 
 
 THE fortune of war, or the accidents of 
 service, brought the Third Georgia Vol 
 unteers and the Ninth New York into contact 
 on several occasions during their respective 
 terms of enlistment. At Hatteras in 1861, 
 while the Zouaves were occupying that breezy 
 watering place, the Third Georgia was for a 
 time acting as a corps of observation for their 
 side, being encamped at a point about twenty- 
 five miles above the inlet. The regiment be 
 came known to the men of the Ninth in some 
 unexplainable way, even to the extent of their 
 being familiar with the names of some of its 
 officers. To illustrate : Sergeant Graham of 
 Company U A," of the Ninth, was drilling an 
 " awkward squad " one day among the sand- 
 
464 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 hills on the beach, when the commanding 
 officer, General Williams, appeared on the 
 scene. He at once mounted his hobby rifles 
 and rifle practice and proceeded to give them 
 all a lecture on the subject and on the import 
 ance of accuracy in the fire of infantry in battle, 
 etc., etc., and to make his meaning clear and 
 to illustrate the difference between what was 
 and what should be, said, addressing the ser 
 geant, " Suppose Colonel Wright (The colonel 
 of the Third Georgia) should come down here 
 tomorrow and attack us, and I should take 
 your regiment out to oppose him, and you 
 should expend forty thousand cartridges- 
 empty your boxes what would be the result ? 
 Probably forty men killed and a hundred and 
 fifty wounded. Why d m em, we should 
 have annihilated them at the first fire." This 
 serves to show how familiar the General was 
 with the regiment, designating it as he would 
 one of his own, by the name of its colonel. 
 
 The regiments were afterward in contact at 
 South Mills or Sawyer s Lane, South Moun 
 tain, Antietam, and part at least of the Third, 
 at Suffolk, so that the name " Third Georgia," 
 became in a measure like a household word in 
 the Ninth. 
 
 After the war was ended and peace restored 
 some of the survivors of the Ninth whose busi- 
 
PRELIMINARIES TO THE REUNION. 465 
 
 ness took them occasionally into the Southern 
 States Georgia more particularly endeavored 
 to find members of the Third Georgia, with 
 whom they would like to compare notes on the 
 "late unpleasantness," and talk over the " old 
 heroic days." Former members of the respec 
 tive regiment did occasionally meet, and in 
 formal invitations were extended in a general 
 way from one to the other, to meet one or the 
 other of the regimental associations at their 
 annual reunions. Mr. Richard H. Jackson, a 
 survivor of the Ninth, finally put himself in 
 communication with the officers of the Third 
 Georgia Survivors Association, which led to a 
 correspondence between said officers and those 
 of the Hawkins Zouaves Association, and a 
 formal invitation from the former to the latter, 
 to attend their annual reunion, to be held at 
 Fort Valley, Ga., on July 3ist and August ist, 
 1889. The invitation was extended by the 
 3d Georgia Survivors Association at their 
 annual meeting assembled, the motion being 
 carried unanimously amidst great enthusiasm. 
 The reading of the correspondence which led 
 up to it was received with hearty cheers by the 
 survivors present. One of them shouted: 
 "Thought we killed them all off at Sharpsburg; 
 sorry we killed any of that kind !" another said: 
 " Let us run the reunion until we can telegraph 
 and have some of them down." 
 
466 NINTH REGIMENT. NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 The correspondence between the officers of 
 the two asssociations, together with the invita 
 tion, was received and read at the annual meet 
 ing of the Hawkins Zouaves Association, April 
 19, 1889, together with the following letter 
 transmitting the same : 
 
 THE SURVIVORS ASSOCIATION, 30 GEORGIA VETERANS, 
 
 MADISON, GA., July 24, 1888. 
 MR. J. C. J. LANGBEIN, New York City. 
 
 DEAR SIR : In behalf of our Association, most cordially do I second 
 the enclosed invitation to attend our reunion. Come if possible. 
 Taste the sweets of peace with us in partaking of a Georgia Barbecue. 
 That is what " Banquet " means, as stated in the invitation card. 
 We were foes Let us be friends. 
 
 Yours very cordially. 
 
 W. A. WILEY, Asst. Secretary. 
 
 The communication was received with cheers 
 and amid great enthusiasm the invitation was 
 accepted; resolutions expressing the kindly 
 feelings entertained by the members of the 
 Ninth New York for their old foes were 
 passed, and the Secretary directed to forward 
 the same to the officers of the 3d Georgia 
 Association, and committees appointed with 
 power to make all necessary arrangements for 
 the trips to Georgia in July following. Every 
 thing being completed, the delegation to attend 
 the Georgia reunion left New York by steamer 
 and arrived at Savannah, July 30, 1889, where 
 they were met by a committee of the 3d 
 Georgia Survivors, headed by Secretary A. A. 
 Winn, of the Association. Other committees, 
 
HOW THEY WERE RECEIVED. 467 
 
 both military and civic, also called upon them 
 to welcome them to the soil of Georgia. The 
 speeches delivered were brimful of fraternity, 
 patriotism and kind wishes, and the delegation 
 was literally overwhelmed with invitations to 
 partake of the hospitality of the citizens and 
 of the various organizations represented by the 
 committees. Extended notices of the arrival 
 of the ex-Zouaves, their object in coming to 
 Georgia, etc., with sketches of the war services 
 of both regiments flattering to both were 
 published in the press of Savannah, Macon, 
 Madison, Fort Valley, Atlanta, and other towns 
 throughout the State, all of them filled with 
 expressions of fraternal greetings and cordial 
 good will, and in every instance breathing a 
 spirit of earnest patriotism. 
 
 Short excursions to nearby points of interest, 
 organized and carried out by the citizens of 
 Savannah, occupied every moment of the time 
 the delegation was in the city. At Macon, on 
 the way to Fort Valley, there was a repetition 
 of the friendly reception received at Savannah. 
 
 Upon arriving at Fort Valley the 3d Georgia 
 Survivors were drawn up in a body at the 
 depot to receive them. These were supported 
 by a great crowd of citizens, and the welcome 
 extended was flattering in the extreme. A 
 salute of thirteen guns was fired, and an in- 
 
468 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 formal reception held amidst great enthusiasm 
 and excitement, cheers and hand-shaking, when 
 they all proceeded to the grand-stand where 
 the formal reception was held. The Macon 
 Telegraph of August I, 1889, published the 
 following from its Fort Valley correspondent: 
 
 " Fort Valley, July 3ist. The people here are all wild with enthusi 
 asm over the reunion of the 3d Georgia Regiment, which opened for 
 mally to-day under the most favorable and pleasing circumstances. 
 
 " Fort Valley is proud of the opportunity of doing honor to herself 
 in honoring the grand old 3d Georgia Regiment, and a delegation 
 of the gth New York Volunteers Hawkins Zouaves of New York, 
 whose coming so far from home for the sole purpose of meeting, fra 
 ternally, a former foe in one of their regimental reunions, evinces a 
 spirit of magnanimity and manhood worthy of the highest admiration, 
 and upon whom it has been most lavishly bestowed by the men of the 
 3d Georgia Regiment and the citizens of Fort Valley. 
 
 " Upon the arrival of the New Yorkers, on the 11.30 train this morn 
 ing, thirteen rounds were fired in their honor by orders from Colonel 
 Claiborn Snead, Colonel of the 3d Georgia. They received an old- 
 time Georgia welcome and one which they will never fail to appreciate, 
 or which they will ever forget. 
 
 " After the reception a column was formed on Main Street, headed by 
 Card s Band, and the regiment together with their guests, marched to 
 the grand stand, where the address of welcome was most eloquently 
 and touchingly delivered by Mayor A. C. Riley, who formally turned 
 over to Fort Valley s guests a quit claim deed to the town and the keys 
 to the guard-house." 
 
 During the course of Mayor Riley s remarks, 
 he said : " Survivors of the Ninth New York, 
 veterans of the Hawkins Zouaves, we give you 
 a cordial welcome. We are glad you were 
 volunteers. Your presence does more to 
 cement the bonds of love and fellowship than 
 all the words of eloquence of all the politicians 
 and philanthropists. It is an honor to your 
 
OLD FOES MEET AS FRIENDS. 469 
 
 own grand State, to our common country, to 
 yourselves, and is a living monument to the 
 civilization and Christianity of the nineteenth 
 century. If you were not brave men you 
 would not be here to-day. You could not 
 look these old veterans in the eye if you had not 
 met them with unfaltering courage on the field 
 of battle. We congratulate you the Blue and 
 the Gray that God has lengthened out your 
 lives to see this day." 
 
 After the formal response to the Mayor s 
 greeting had been made by the representative of 
 the 3d Georgia, Judge Langbein, the Secretary 
 of the Hawkins Zouaves Association, asked 
 permission to read the following telegram : 
 
 NEW YORK, July sist, 1889. 
 
 To J. C. J. LANGBEIN: Boys at home send greeting to absentees. All 
 hail, Third Georgia ! Once foes now friends. 
 
 (Signed) HAWKINS ZOUAVES ASSOCIATION. 
 
 This was received with wild enthusiasm by 
 the Georgians, and a hip, hip hurrah ! 
 
 At the regular business meeting of the 3d 
 Georgia Survivors, which followed the recep 
 tions, these resolutions were adopted: 
 
 Whereas, The Hawkins Zouaves have sent to this, our annual 
 reunion, a delegation to meet with us as our friends, 
 
 Resolved, That as a manifestation of our appreciation of their 
 friendship, and as a testimonial of our lasting friendship for them, we 
 hereby set apart a page on the minutes of our Association on which 
 shall be entered the names of the delegates. 
 
 Resolved, That we hereby tender to the Hawkins Zouaves, and 
 send them through this committee, our grateful greeting of their 
 friendship and fraternal union forever. 
 
470 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 A copy of these was delivered to the delega 
 tion to be presented to the Hawkins Zouaves 
 Association at the next meeting. 
 
 A reception and ball was tendered to the vis 
 iting Zouaves that evening, at one of the lead 
 ing hotels. The ball was held at the hotel, but 
 the reception extended to every place where a 
 member of the visiting delegation presented 
 himself. Every house was an open one to 
 them and they were received as old friends by 
 all. 
 
 On the next day a formal and official wel 
 come to the Zouaves alone was tendered, and 
 speeches were made by several prominent 
 Georgians, members of the 3d Georgia, and 
 others. Colonel Snead, Capt. J. W. Matthews, 
 C. B. Barrow, John W. Lindsey and others, 
 all spoke eloquently in reference to the era of 
 peace, good will and fraternity, which was so 
 practically illustrated by the presence of their 
 old-time foes, now mingling among them as 
 friends. 
 
 Joseph M. Richards, of the gth New York, 
 replied on behalf of his comrades, in an earnest, 
 patriotic and soul-stirring speech, closing in the 
 following words: 
 
 "Fewer and still fewer, as the years roll on, 
 will be the trembling hands that will scatter the 
 fragrance of the spring. Fainter and more faint 
 
COMRADE RICHARD S SPEECH. 47 1 
 
 will the voices grow that once answered with a 
 cheer the word of command, until at last eternal 
 silence and peace shall rest over the two great 
 armies whose volleys once shook a continent. 
 Only a few days ago, as we count time, the 
 flowers which were strewn by the gray-haired 
 father and mother, by wife and child, upon the 
 graves of the Blue and the Gray alike, were 
 symbols not only of the sacrifices of those who 
 slept there, and tributes to their bravery, but 
 they were significant of the peace which has dif 
 fused as with sunshine this entire land, and of 
 that brotherly feeling which has taken pos 
 session of the soldiers hearts, significant of the 
 determination that there shall be but one 
 nation ; significant, also, of the fact that there 
 has been and is still growing a wider area 
 of brotherhood and good feeling among the 
 soldiers of both armies, and a conscious sense 
 that in honoring the grave of the other as 
 well as our own, we are paying a deserved 
 tribute to the courage of the American soldier. 
 
 " Mr. John Ruskin tells us, in one of his 
 essays, of the possible changes that may be 
 wrought from a handful of dust which may 
 be gathered up from the streets or highways, 
 or from the valley slopes or mountain tops; 
 that in that handful of dust are clay and sand 
 and soot and water. Give it time enough, 
 
472 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 and the clay becomes a sapphire, reflecting 
 rays as blue as the dome of heaven yonder; 
 the sand becomes an opal, the soot a diamond, 
 and the drop of water a blazing star of snow, so 
 wonderful is the chemistry of nature, with its 
 laws of co-operation. Comrades, the dust of 
 our heroes lies along the roadside and high 
 ways, in the valley and the thicket in the hidden 
 ravine; it lies along the mountain tops and the 
 riverside. Spirit of our heroes! Wherever you 
 lie, the ages are thine, and the economy thereof 
 is God s. His chemistry never fails, and your 
 dust and your ashes whether you lie in name 
 less graves or stone-marked plots are being 
 wrought upon in the laboratory of the ages, and 
 are the foundation-stones opal, sapphire, dia 
 mond of this vast country, reaching from 
 ocean to ocean, and from gulf to lake." 
 
 Comrade Richards address was followed by 
 impromptu remarks by other of the Zouaves, 
 among them Walter L. Thompson and Robert 
 H. Alberts. Judge Langbein read a communi 
 cation which had just been received from New 
 York, as follows : 
 
 NEW YORK, July 3ist, 1889. 
 J. C. JULIUS LANGBEIN : 
 
 Peace and good will from those of the Hawkins Zouaves Association 
 who remain behind, to the 3d Georgia. 
 
 The Hawkins Zouaves Association, composed of survivors of the 
 Ninth New York Volunteers, at a meeting held at their headquarters, 
 on July i6th, 1889, unanimously resolved, that we hereby empower 
 those of our comrades who attend the reunion of the 3d Georgia 
 
EXTRACTS FROM THE LOCAL PRESS. 473 
 
 Survivors Association at Fort Valley, Ga., July sist and August ist, 
 to cordially and fraternally invite them to the next reunion of our Asso 
 ciation on April ioth, 1890. 
 
 J. C, J. LANGBEIN, Sec y, 
 
 WALTER L. THOMPSON, Chairman Ex. Com. 
 
 The Fort Valley Enterprise, which devoted 
 almost an entire edition to recounting the pro 
 ceedings of the reunion, thus speaks of this 
 detail of the reception : 
 
 " The Judge also read an extract from a sermon delivered by Rev. 
 Clark Wright (one of the survivors of the Ninth) to the Hawkins 
 Zouaves at their memorial services last May, and published in the 
 Westchester (N. Y.) Times, full of noble sentiments towards southern 
 soldiers, and especially toward the 3d Georgia, which the Zouaves met 
 in several battles. He also read a letter of great cordiality addressed 
 to Commodore Dexter, commending him for his praiseworthy efforts to 
 bring about a meeting between these two commands. He also pre 
 sented the regiment with a souvenir from Mrs. Johnson (handed to 
 liim when he was boarding the steamer for Savannah), being a stone 
 taken from a wall at Antietam, in which Federal and Confederate 
 bullets are imbedded. But the tide of enthusiasm, which at this point 
 was well-nigh lapping the highest dike, burst over all restraint when 
 Judge Langbein brought forth a shield of immortelles of blue and gray, 
 bearing across its face the words gth New York Volunteer Zouaves to 
 3d Georgia Regiment Peace and Good Will. This was presented in 
 eloquent words and was a charge in this contention of fraternal feeling 
 which made the veterans of the 36. Georgia waver, and when the 
 Judge concluded, the Colonel of the old Third, seeing that he was 
 about to lose the day, rushed in the Commodore the great standby 
 who never flinched in times of trial to recover the lost ground, which 
 he did eloquently and in well chosen words." 
 
 Commodore Dexter s speech was brimful of 
 fraternal greetings, sentiments of good will and 
 patriotic utterances, many references being 
 made to incidents which occurred during 
 periods the two regiments were facing each 
 other as foes, and brought the public part of 
 the reception to a close in a storm of enthusi- 
 
474 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS, 
 
 asm in which the rebel yell and Yankee cheer 
 were again blended. 
 
 The return trip of the Zouaves was attended 
 with the same enthusiasm which had marked 
 their journey to Fort Valley; the people of 
 Macon and Savannah extending every atten 
 tion possible, making their stay among them 
 seem all too short. 
 
 At the annual meeting of the Hawkins Zou 
 aves Association, held at 136 Fifth Ave., New 
 York, on September soth, 1889, Comrade Rich 
 ards, on behalf of the visiting delegation, re 
 ported the details of the visit, and the kind of 
 reception accorded them by the survivors of the 
 3d Georgia, and the treatment received at the 
 hands of the veterans and their people, which 
 aroused the greatest enthusiasm among the 
 members present. 
 
 A committee of seven was appointed to pre 
 pare and forward to the 3d Georgia Survi 
 vors a resolution expressive of the feelings of 
 the Association at the kind hospitality with 
 which they had received the delegation, 
 and to extend a cordial invitation to the mem 
 bers of that Association to attend the reunion 
 of the Hawkins Zouaves on the igth of 
 April following. 
 
 The committee presented the following, which 
 were unanimously adopted: 
 
INVITATION TO THE THIRD GEORGIA. 47 & 
 
 Resolved, That the reception of the delegation of this Association 
 bearing our token of " Peace and Good will " to the Survivors Associa 
 tion of the 3d Georgia Regiment, at their reunion in July and August 
 last, as described in the report of our delegation, was marked by so 
 warm a hospitality and brotherly attention, that it is meet that an 
 expression of our heartfelt appreciation and grateful acknowledgment 
 be made therefor. 
 
 Resolved, That it is our sincere desire to have the opportunity by a 
 return visit from our friends to express also to them at our homes the 
 warm attachment which animates the hearts of the survivors of the 
 old gth New York Volunteers toward their oft-repeated foe in battle 
 and friends in peace, the survivers of the old 3d Georgia Regiment, 
 and that we extend to them a hearty invitation to be with us at our 
 next reunion, to be held in this city on the igth day of April, 1890, and 
 that a copy of these resolutions be spread on our minutes, and a copy 
 be forwarded to the Survivors Association, of the 3d Georgia Regi 
 ment, with the urgent request that as many as can will be with us on. 
 the igth of April next. 
 
 (Signed) JOHN HASSALL, CHARLES CURIE, 
 
 JOSEPH H. STINER, JOHN T. MILLER, 
 SAMUEL L. MARSH, JAMES DUFFY, 
 CLARK WRIGHT. 
 
 JOHN B. PANNES, President, 
 
 Hawkins Zouaves Association. 
 J. C. JULIUS LANGBEIN, 
 
 Secretary. 
 
 These were forwarded to W. A. Wiley, Sec 
 retary of the 3d Georgia Survivors Association,, 
 on February 2oth, 1890, but as the Association 
 did not hold a meeting until the annual reunion 
 in July following, no action could be taken until 
 then, when the following answer was received: 
 
 SAVANNAH, GA., September, 10, 1890. 
 JUDGE J. C. JULIUS LANGBEIN, Secretary, 
 
 Hawkins Zouaves Association, New York. 
 
 DEAR SIR: At the annual reunion of the survivors of the 3d Georgia 
 Regiment, held at Irvington, Ga., on the 3oth and 3ist of July, 1890, 
 the following resolutions were adopted by a rising vote, three cheers, 
 and the famous " Tiger." Very truly yours, 
 
 A. A. WINN, Secretary. 
 
476 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 Resolved, That the kindly expressions of fraternal feelings shown by 
 the gih New York Volunteers (Hawkins Zouaves), at their annual 
 business meeting, held in the City of New York, September 3oth, 1889, 
 for the Survivors Association, 3d Georgia Regiment, be, and the same 
 are hereby reciprocated individually and collectively. 
 
 Resolved, That we accept with heartfelt thanks the Hawkins Zouaves 
 kind invitation to be present with them at their reunion, April 19, 1891, 
 and we urgently request our Association to see that a delegation attend 
 said meeting. 
 
 Resolved, That the 3d Georgia Survivors in reunion assembled, send 
 greeting and kindly remembrances to the Hawkins Zouaves, their foes 
 in battle their friends in peace. 
 
 Resolved, further, That our Secretary furnish to the gih New York 
 "Volunteers (Hawkins Zouaves), a copy of these resolutions. 
 
 CLAIBORNE SNEAD, 
 President of the 3d Georgia Veterans, 
 
 Augusta, Ga. 
 
 A. A. WINN, Secretary, Savannah, Ga. 
 
 WALTER A. WILEY, Asst. Sec y, Madisor, Ga. 
 
 As soon as the above resolutions, with the 
 letters of acceptance which accompanied them, 
 were received, the preliminary movements to 
 ward making the reunion a success were in 
 augurated. Inasmuch as the coming event 
 was not only the thirtieth anniversary of the 
 organization of the Ninth New York, but was 
 also the anniversary of the battle of Sawyer s 
 Lane, or South Mills, as known by the Con 
 federates and Federals respectively, and in 
 which these two regiments took the most con 
 spicuous parts and suffered the greatest loss, 
 it was the determination of the veterans of the 
 Ninth to make the occasion an historic one 
 in every respect. It was also their wish and 
 intention to enable their friends from Georgia, 
 
RECEPTION TO THE GEORGIANS. 47 T 
 
 most of whom had never before visited New 
 York, to enjoy the pleasure of seeing as many 
 places in and about the city of interest and of 
 novelty to them, as it was possible to reach 
 during their short stay, and to make every 
 moment of that stay enjoyable and interesting. 
 
 The regular Reception Committee consisted 
 of George F. Betts, Edward Jardine, James R. 
 Whiting, James B. Horner, Richard R. Jack 
 son, George W. Debevoise, Robert H. Alberts, 
 John W. Jacobus, Walter L. Thompson, J. C. J. 
 Langbein, Latham A. Fish, Charles Curie, 
 Joseph M. Richards and Richard H. Morris. 
 
 On Sunday evening, April i8th, the delega 
 tion of the 3d Georgia, consisting - - ladies 
 included --of seventeen persons, arrived by 
 steamer from Savannah. They were met at 
 the wharf by the committee and others of the 
 Zouaves, and an enthusiastic reception was 
 given them. Carriages were in waiting, and 
 after the first salutations were exchanged, they 
 were driven to the Hotel Brunswick, where 
 accommodations had been provided for them 
 and where they made their headquarters during 
 their stay in New York. Monday was devoted 
 to sightseeing. Carriages were provided and 
 the visitors, escorted by members of the Ninth, 
 enjoyed a ride in Central Park and Riverside 
 Drive, and had an opportunity to visit the 
 
-478 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 Museum of Fine Arts and of Natural History, 
 and several other interesting places. 
 
 The hour for the reunion was set for six 
 o clock, at which time all the survivors of the 
 Ninth who could possibly reach New York 
 were present one hundred and fifteen in all. 
 While the Zouaves and their guests of the 
 Third were enjoying an interval of pleasant 
 social converse, previous to entering the supper 
 room, Major R. L. McWhorter, of the 3rd 
 Georgia, introduced Miss Lizzie Snead, the 
 daughter of Colonel Claiborne Snead, of the 
 Third, and also the daughter of the regiment, 
 who in a very charming and earnest manner and 
 in appropriate, well chosen and complimentary 
 language, presented a handsome silk national 
 flag, which she had made with her own hands, 
 to the Hawkins Zouaves Association. Her 
 little speech was filled with beautiful senti 
 ments suitable to the occasion, and when she 
 concluded the cheers from the veterans of both 
 regiments almost shook the building. Judge 
 Langbein responded, on behalf of the Ninth, in 
 a short but touching address. 
 
 Arrangements had previously been made for 
 a theatre party of ladies for the evening and at 
 the conclusion of Judge Langbein s response 
 the visiting ladies, accompanied by the wives 
 and daughters of several members of the 
 
AN ENJOYABLE REUNION. 479 
 
 Hawkins Zouaves Association, were escorted 
 to the play, where they enjoyed the pleasure 
 of seeing a first-class performance as it is given 
 before a metropolitan audience. 
 
 The speechmaking was still in full swing 
 when the performance ended and the party 
 returned to the hotel. Seats having been pro 
 vided for them in the balcony of the banquet 
 room, they were escorted thither and for the 
 remainder of the evening listened to the flow 
 of eloquence and viewed the scene of animation 
 and enthusiasm on the floor. 
 
 The banquet was served in the ballroom of 
 the hotel, which was handsomely decorated for 
 the occasion, the national flag being used 
 lavishly for that purpose. Conspicuous among 
 the decorations were the tattered and moth- 
 eaten flags of the Ninth, which they had carried 
 through the great conflict. When the time for 
 speechmaking had arrived Colonel Hawkins 
 arose, and in an exceedingly happy and pleas 
 ant address, welcomed both comrades and 
 guests to the gathering. 
 
 He said, in part: "Comrades of the Ninth 
 New York, and friends of the 3d Georgia, 
 let us rejoice that we have lived to realize the 
 simple fact of this occasion, an unimportant 
 event in the history of a nation, but one which 
 emphasizes an existing sentiment for a broader 
 
48O NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 nationality and the vanishing of those imagin 
 ary lines, which are supposed to mark the 
 boundaries of sections. It is also a rare oasis 
 in the great desert of the usual commonplace 
 of modern life, and mutually we must ever 
 regard it, and the memories it calls forth, as our 
 most precious possessions." # # # " The mid 
 dle-aged men now here, assembled to celebrate 
 the birthday of a New York regiment, were 
 soldiers in two of the earliest infantry com 
 mands to take the field upon either side. They 
 represented the two so-called Empire States of 
 their respective sections, and how worthily their 
 courage reflected credit upon the communities 
 to which they belonged has already been re 
 corded." Colonel Hawkins then sketched in 
 a rapid and masterly manner the progress of 
 the war, the many and great changes made in 
 warfare, armaments and fortifications from time 
 to time during the conflict. He related, face 
 tiously, the details of the various meetings be 
 tween the two regiments in battle, and dwelt 
 on the mutual respect with which each, no 
 doubt, regarded the other, as a result of such 
 interviews, which brought fourth rounds of 
 applause and heartly laughter ; continuing he 
 said : " The war went on. One regiment left 
 the service at the expiration of its term and 
 before the close, the other fought to the end 
 
COL. HAWKIWS WELCOME TO THE 3 d GEORGIA. 481 
 
 and went down with the battle-scarred colors 
 that had floated over it through those four long 
 years of unheard-of privations and almost su 
 perhuman endeavor, never again to rise above 
 the storm of battle or to be recognized as 
 a national emblem. But the star of victory 
 that illumined the banner of the conqueror 
 was one of mercy, tempering the pride of the 
 victorious and softening the sadness of defeat. 
 The scarred veterans of a hundred fields re 
 joiced that peace had come, and with longing 
 eyes and quick beating pulse, looked afar off 
 toward the dear ones and the homes they had 
 left when the bugle blast summoned them to 
 danger, and alas, for many, to the path of fame, 
 which lead only to the field of death. * * * 
 A new South has risen from out the ashes of 
 war, more glorious, more national, and better 
 equipped for those victories incident to the arts 
 of peace than ever before. It did not take the 
 men of the South four years to teach us that 
 they knew how to fight, nor has it taken 
 twenty-five years to prove their capacity for 
 labor. The tenacity of purpose they showed 
 upon the field of battle did not forsake them 
 when the dawn of peace smiled upon their 
 shattered banners, but followed to a new sphere 
 of action, and enabled them to achieve new 
 victories. * * * In this spirit we, who are 
 
482 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 left of the Ninth New York, greet you who are 
 left of the 3d Georgia. We differ with you as 
 to the principle for which you fought, but we 
 are certain you believed it right, and we know 
 you contended for it like brave men, and in 
 your heroic efforts we rejoice. There is no 
 difference between us now ; we are of one 
 nationality, and are proud of our joint history 
 of courage and heroism which has become 
 the common inheritance of our whole people. 
 
 " It now becomes a pleasurable duty, around 
 which centers a sentimental appreciation of an 
 unique occasion, such as none of those now 
 present are ever likely to witness again, and it 
 is to express the greeting which we so gladly 
 give to the foes of other days brothers of the 
 same race and friends now. There is the 
 ample, good old Saxon word so dear to all 
 English-speaking lips which comes near ex 
 pressing all we feel, and I am certain that 
 every veteran of the Ninth now present will 
 join with me when I say to the survivors of the 
 3d Georgia, welcome a thousand times to this, 
 the thirtieth anniversary of its organization. 
 
 After the applause which greeted the con 
 clusion of Colonel Hawkins welcome had 
 subsided, Colonel Snead arose to make reply, 
 and the following is part of what he said: 
 
 " Colonel Hawkins and friends of the Ninth 
 
COL. SNEAD S RESPONSE. 483 
 
 New York : For your generous welcome we 
 are profoundly grateful. It reaches the heart 
 and touches a responsive chord in the bosoms 
 of men who were your adversaries in time of 
 war, but since have learned to regard you as 
 true and trusted friends in these halcyon days 
 of peace. * * * In this demonstration we 
 take nothing personal to ourselves, for we are 
 but a small delegation from the veteran sur 
 vivors of a regiment that for four long years 
 traversed in martial array the hills and valleys 
 of old Virginia, and whose history is very 
 dear to us, in that it is crimsoned all over with 
 the blood of fallen comrades. And this tribute 
 is especially gratifying, coming. as it does from 
 soldiers whom I have seen, on more than one 
 occasion, march unflinchingly into battle with 
 a sheet of fire blazing in their faces, but whose 
 gallantry as far outshone that fire as did the 
 stars of heaven in their brilliancy. 
 
 " We first made your acquaintance near the 
 jungles of the Dismal Swamp, North Carolina, 
 in the earlier days of the war. Then your 
 greeting was so warm that we rejoiced when 
 the interview was over. On two other memo 
 rable occasions your persistent attentions to 
 us at close quarters were of such a character 
 as to render our position extremely uncom 
 fortable, but when we parted I am sure it was 
 
484 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 with mutual respect and with no eager desire 
 to meet soon again. * 
 
 "Your regiment from New York, like ours 
 from Georgia, enlisted early in 1861, without 
 any draft upon your part or conscription on 
 ours. Here were Northern boys and Southern 
 boys, with the baptismal dew of youth fresh 
 upon their brows, who cheerily went forth to 
 battle in obedience to what each deemed to be 
 his duty. And whether right or wrong, from 
 your standpoint or mine, I care not, for there 
 is the pleasing reflection that each displayed 
 the noblest attributes of a soldiery that knew so 
 well how to illustrate American valor. * * * 
 
 "Thus united by the ties of friendship and 
 animated by a lofty patriotism, they can mutu 
 ally join in the grand acclaim - 
 
 A union of rivers and a union of lakes. 
 
 A union of lands and a union of States, 
 A union of hearts and a union of hands, 
 
 And the flag of our Union forever." 
 
 The cheering and applause which greeted 
 these remarks were enthusiastic, and were again 
 and again renewed. 
 
 The Rev. Clark Wright, to whom was 
 assigned the duty of responding to the toast 
 in honor of the Ninth New York, had a 
 delightful task to perform, and one to which 
 he was [fully equal. He said: "A private sol 
 dier who carried a gun, who was the least 
 
SPEECH OF THE REV. CLARK WRIGHT. 485 
 
 of all the men who surround you to-night, is 
 to tell you what you have already learned in 
 your intercourse with the members of the 
 Hawkins Zouaves Association of this city, 
 namely, that we are glad to see you, and 
 that we take great pleasure in giving you a 
 most cordial welcome to this the thirtieth 
 anniversary of the organization of the Ninth 
 New York Volunteers." 
 
 He sketched the history of the regiment, 
 its organization and services, in a very inter 
 esting manner, at the same time referring, in 
 a way which produced much applause and 
 shouts of laughter, to the meetings which 
 took place between the two regiments during 
 the war and to the opinion each had of the 
 other at that time, and concluded as follows : 
 
 "You, my countrymen, whether from Georgia 
 or New York, to-night, these the remnant of 
 more than two thousand men, these your 
 comrades gathered here to salute you as we 
 bring to mind your faithfulness as soldiers 
 and rejoice with you that our country has 
 passed from the hurricane to the calm, from 
 out of all that crash of which we were part, 
 to liberty, union, brotherly love and peace." 
 
 The response for " the 3d Georgia" was by 
 Hon. John W. Lindsey, one of the survivors, 
 and formerly a sergeant in that regiment, 
 who spoke in part as follows: 
 
486 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 "Fellow countrymen, I deem it an honor to 
 stand here and respond to the encomiums 
 pronounced upon the soldiers of the Confed 
 erate Army. It is a pleasure to me to greet 
 you as fellow countrymen, for we are sons 
 of a common mother, on whose bosom we 
 lean for protection. We are here to-night, 
 true to our allegiance to the Constitution and 
 laws of the American Union, without any 
 qualification whatever ; to demand nothing but 
 what you are willing to grant us as free Amer 
 icans; to invite you to join with us and aid 
 us in driving from our vocabulary that most 
 abominable of all words sectionalism. 
 We are here to renew an acquaintance sought 
 long years ago, under less favorable circum 
 stances, and with you to transmit the spirit 
 of these fraternal greetings to the youth of 
 the land, for we desire to consecrate not only 
 ourselves, but our sons and daughters, to the 
 preservation of the liberty of this Union. * 
 We see as you do those columns of blue and 
 gray in the fields of Virginia, who fell fighting 
 for the cause they believed to be the true one. 
 In vindication of that right of our convictions, 
 we discharged our duty, as you did. 
 But when you fought your last fight, fired your 
 last volley, and received the command that 
 began your homeward march from Appomat- 
 
RE TROSPECTION B Y SERG T. LINDSE Y. 487 
 
 tox, you went to be greeted as victors the 
 voices of a thousand cannon gave you a wel 
 come such as never had been heard before. 
 Thus you returned, and retired to your homes 
 to enjoy all that is sweet and dear to noble 
 manhood basking in the sunshine of grateful 
 people. You forgot that other army which left 
 Appomattox on the same day that you did. 
 Our march southward was not greeted with 
 applause, nor our announcement welcomed by 
 cannon. We bade each other good bye in 
 silence, and shed tears as we departed to our 
 homes, only to see the marks of desolation left 
 by the stern hand of war. What did we do? 
 Sit down and brood in silence ? No. We 
 stepped from the very warpath of battle to 
 the works of peace. We walked behind the 
 plow to win a living for our own. Our farms 
 were devastated, our slaves freed, our families 
 scattered, yet we went to work in the sunshine 
 of peace in the same spirit in which we had en 
 gaged in war. * * * By industry we have 
 wrung from the soil our sustenance. As years 
 have rolled on recuperation has come, and now 
 we have a country to which we are proud to 
 invite you, and to which we do invite you." 
 
 The speech and the sentiments of Sergeant 
 Lindsey were greeted by enthusiastic applause, 
 which was not subdued until the chairman 
 
488 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 announced that the formal exercises of the 
 evening would close by the recitation of Gen. 
 Charles G. Halpin s poem, "Just Eleven." 
 This was given by Maj. James B. Horner in 
 excellent style. 
 
 Robert L. Johnson, of the Zouaves, in a voice 
 which his comrades thought had lost none of 
 its sweetness, then sang one of the old songs of 
 the soldier days, when the meeting became 
 an informal camp fire, which continued until 
 a late hour. 
 
 Next day enough carriages were provided 
 to accommodate all the guests of the Associ 
 ation, together with the members of the 
 Reception Committee, composed of Messrs. 
 Horner, Langbein, Searing, Curie and Miller, 
 who accompanied them, and an extended sight 
 seeing tour was entered upon. This covered as 
 much of the upper portion of Manhattan Island 
 as could be comfortably gone over in a day. 
 On the way up, all places of interest on the 
 east side of Washington Heights and upper 
 part of the island were visited, and the 
 strangers afforded ample time to view the 
 same. 
 
 Arriving at Fort George, one of the most 
 beautifully romantic spots on the whole island, 
 and from which a grand panoramic view of the 
 Harlem river and the heights of Westchester 
 
KEEPING THE GEORGIANS BUSY. 489 
 
 may be obtained, the party stopped for 
 luncheon, the West End Hotel having been 
 secured by the committee for their exclusive 
 use for that purpose. 
 
 The return to the city was by the western 
 roads, from which many fine views of the Hud 
 son and the palisades beyond may be obtained, 
 and which also gave the visitors the oppor 
 tunity to admire the many elegant private 
 residences which are dotted so thickly along 
 the different roads, and the large number of 
 stately buildings, the homes of public and 
 semi-public institutions of a beneficent char 
 acter, with which that portion of New T York is 
 graced. 
 
 Sight-seeing was continued almost without 
 interruption during the remainder of the stay 
 of the visitors, with occasional theater parties 
 and luncheons, to break the monotony and 
 give variety. 
 
 A cordial invitation had been received from 
 the proprietor, through Mr. Robert L. Cutler, 
 the erst-time manager of " The Zouave Minstrel 
 and Dramatic Club," of Roanoke Island, for 
 the members of the Association and their 
 guests to visit Harrigan s Theater. This was 
 accepted, with the thanks of the comrades, and 
 a large party enjoyed one of Harrigan s inim 
 itable productions. Arrangements had been 
 
490 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 made which afforded ample facilities for such 
 of the guests as delighted in theatrical enter 
 tainments to visit the theaters on any evening 
 during their stay. 
 
 Comrade John T. Miller and Adolph Libaire 
 escorted parties of the visiting delegation to 
 the Stock and Produce Exchanges, thus giving 
 the Georgians an opportunity to observe the 
 antics of the Bulls and Bears in their native 
 jungles. 
 
 A trip to West Point was arranged, and 
 the whole delegation, under the escort of 
 Messrs. Searing, Horner and Jackson, visited 
 that historic and interesting place. They were 
 cordially welcomed by the officers of the Mil 
 itary Academy, who entertained them very 
 pleasantly during their stay, and took special 
 pains to make their visit an exceedingly grati 
 fying and memorable one. This visit to 
 historic West Point, combined with the river 
 journey and the grand scenery of the noble 
 Hudson, will no doubt long remain a pleasant 
 memory with the participants, both visitors 
 and guests. 
 
 On the last day of the stay in New York 
 the ladies of the visiting delegation were 
 entertained at luncheon at the Downtown 
 Club by Mr. Latham A. Fish, one of the 
 committee. It was designed to be an affair 
 
ENTERTAINING THE VISITING LADIES, 491 
 
 that would be remembered with pleasure by 
 those in whose honor it was given, and the 
 resources of the establishment were taxed to 
 the utmost in making it elegant and dainty, 
 even beyond what was usual at that exclusive 
 club. The room was tastefully and hand 
 somely decorated, the tables banked with flow 
 ers and elegant souvenir menus, handsomely 
 designed and printed on satin, were provided 
 for each of the guests. 
 
 After nearly a week devoted to entertain 
 ment, pleasure and recreation, and during 
 which the members of the Hawkins Zouaves 
 Association had taxed their ingenuity for ways 
 to provide novel and pleasant surprises for 
 their guests, the Georgians the time allowed 
 for their visit having expired departed for 
 their homes by the Savannah steamer. A 
 numerous delegation of Zouaves escorted them 
 to the wharf. 
 
 A meeting of the Georgians was held on 
 board the ship just before sailing, and a series 
 of resolutions very flattering to the men of 
 the Ninth were passed and a copy of the same 
 handed to the Secretary of the Association. 
 
 The New York Sun, in its issue of the next 
 day, thus summarizes the visit of the 3d 
 Georgia: 
 
492 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 "The Confederate veterans of the 36. Georgia Survivors Association 
 have received a hearty welcome in the city. They have fraternized 
 with the Union veterans of the Hawkins Zouaves. They have been 
 banqueted in the New York style to their hearts content. They have 
 been taken to various theateis by day and by night. They have 
 enjoyed the speeches of sundry ready orators, as well as the strains of 
 music, and they have seen the sights of the city and its parks from the 
 open carriages that were at their service. We trust that these Con 
 federate veterans from Georgia have had a pleasant time during the 
 several days of their stay in New York." 
 
 Thus ended a meeting which probably has 
 no parallel in the pages of history. Two 
 regiments serving in opposing armies, whose 
 acquaintance began on the battlefield while 
 engaged in deadly strife, sought each other out 
 after peace had been secured, and in admira 
 tion, each for the other, and actuated by an 
 earnest desire to re-establish cordial fraternity 
 between those who had once been foes, met 
 together and announced to the world that there 
 was no lingering animosity in the breasts of 
 either, that the victors had no conditions they 
 wished imposed upon the vanquished, and 
 that the latter fully and without equivocation or 
 reservation, accepted the verdict of the sword 
 and became brothers under one flag with their 
 former foes. 
 
CHAPTER XVI. 
 
 CEREMONIES AT THE DEDICATION OF THE MONUMENT 
 ERECTED ON THE BATTLEFIELD OF ANTIETAM IN 
 MEMORY OF THE DEAD OF THE NINTH NEW YORK 
 VOLUNTEERS PRELIMINARY WORK OF THE COM 
 MITTEESJOURNEY TO THE BATTLEFIELD COM 
 RADE RICHARD S INVOCATION COMRADE GRA 
 HAM S INTRODUCTION ADDRESS BY COLONEL 
 HAWKINS UNVEILING THE MONUMENT ORATION 
 BY REV. CLARK WRIGHT, OF COMPANY F THE 
 PRESENTATION TO GENERAL CARMAN REVISIT 
 ING POINTS OF INTEREST THE RETURN. 
 
 FOR years the intention to erect a monument 
 to perpetuate the name and fame of the 
 Ninth New York Volunteers (Hawkins Zou 
 aves), and to commemorate those who yielded 
 up their lives in defense of the nation during 
 its term of service, had been steadily kept in 
 view by the Association composed of the sur 
 vivors of that regiment. 
 
 As early as in the latter days of the service 
 of the regiment, at Suffolk, Va., the matter was 
 frequently talked over, and ways and means 
 of successfully accomplishing the desired object 
 discussed. At first the intention was vague 
 and undefined. It was an intention but was 
 without form. The men were young and in- 
 
494 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 experienced in business methods and hardly 
 knew how to begin. 
 
 Years passed with nothing accomplished. At 
 last, in 1890 or 1891, the question was brought 
 up at the annual meeting of the Association, 
 and it was resolved that a united and deter 
 mined effort should be made to accomplish 
 this most desirable object. 
 
 Among the most active of the comrades in 
 assisting to bring the work to a successful 
 completion, and whose names should be men 
 tioned here in connection with it, were Rush 
 C. Hawkins, Robert L. Johnston, James B. 
 Horner, P. J. L. Searing, Charles Curie, Walter 
 L. Thompson, J. C. J. Langbein, James H. 
 Folan, John T. Miller, John Hassall, George W. 
 Debevoise, John W. Jacobus, Latham A. Fish, 
 and James R. Whiting, all* of whom assisted 
 in every way possible, to further the object in 
 view. 
 
 The actual labor was divided among several 
 sub-committees, each of which had its own 
 separate part, while all worked together. An 
 immense amount of detail had to be worked 
 out. An appropriation of five thousand dollars 
 was secured from the Legislature of the State 
 of New York, and an equal sum was sub 
 scribed and paid by the members of the Asso 
 ciation. These amounts provided for cost. 
 
NECESSARY PRELIMINARY WORK. 495 
 
 Then came the question of design, the selection 
 of material, etc., and quarries had to be visited 
 and inspected in order to determine where the 
 most appropriate and durable stone could be 
 procured at satisfactory prices, and to enable the 
 committee to intelligently enter into the con 
 tracts for the work. The position to which the 
 regiment advanced during the charge at An- 
 tietam, and where the greatest loss of men 
 occurred, had to be positively identified, and a 
 plot of the ground purchased --at many times 
 its actual value - - upon which to erect the 
 monument. The negotiations for right of way 
 over adjacent lands and arrangements for 
 compensating the owners for prospective dam 
 ages at an exhorbitant rate had to be completed. 
 All these, and many other details, entailed a 
 great deal of work on the committee. Many 
 visits, both to the Vermont quarries and to the 
 battlefield, were absolutely necessary. In addi 
 tion, a large amount of correspondence relating 
 to the work had to be conducted. 
 
 Notwithstanding the careful and methodical 
 manner in which every step in the progress 
 of the work had been taken, unforeseen diffi 
 culties frequently presented themselves, and 
 annoying and vexatious delays occurred, which 
 interfered seriously with the progress of the 
 undertaking, so that it was not until Memorial 
 
496 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 Day of 1897, that the monument was erected 
 and ready for dedication. 
 
 The members of the Association cordially 
 approved of the design the committee had 
 decided upon. They also thoroughly appre 
 ciated the work done in their behalf by the 
 committee, the unselfish interest with which 
 each member of it had devoted himself to the 
 work, and the successful and gratifying manner 
 in which it had been carried out. 
 
 This approbation was more especially due 
 and accorded to the monument sub-committee, 
 Messrs. Hawkins, Curie and Horner, who were 
 untiring in their efforts, and to whom is largely 
 due the credit for the final success of the under 
 taking. 
 
 The same committee completed the arrange 
 ments for transportation to the battlefield and 
 return, which Avas ample, comfortable, conve 
 nient, and in every way most satisfactory. 
 
 On Friday evening, the 28th of May, 1897, a 
 well-appointed special train left Jersey City for 
 Antietam, bearing a party of survivors of the 
 regiment and members of their families, num 
 bering in all eighty persons. This number 
 was increased at various points on the route 
 by other survivors from various and distant 
 parts of the United States until the number of 
 veterans actually participating in the ceremonies 
 was ninety-one. 
 
GA THERED A T THE DEDICA TION. 497 
 
 Thus the remnant of this gallant regiment 
 returned after a lapse of thirty-five years, still 
 an organization and under the presidency of 
 the man who had been their first and only 
 colonel, to dedicate on the bloodiest battlefield 
 of the Rebellion, a monument to their fallen 
 comrades. Every participant in the ceremonies,, 
 from orator to bugler, with the single exception 
 of the daughter of a comrade, who unveiled the 
 monument, was a former member of the Ninth 
 New York Volunteers. 
 
 When the company had assembled at the 
 monument the ceremonies were begun by 
 Colonel Hawkins, the President of the Associa 
 tion, announcing as follows : 
 
 " No braver or truer soldier honored the 
 ranks of the Ninth New York Volunteers than 
 its chief musician, who holds a large place in 
 the affections of his comrades." 
 
 " And I now take great pleasure to call up 
 our Tom Flocton, who was equally handy 
 with both bugle and musket, to use the same 
 old bugle with which he sounded the charge 
 upon this field, to sound out once more upon 
 this historic ground, whose soil was drenched 
 by the blood of so many of his comrades, the 
 assembly , once so familiar to us and so pleas 
 ant to remember." 
 
 After the "assembly " had been sounded the 
 
498 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 President introduced Rev. Joseph M. Richards, 
 as one formerly a private in Company F, of 
 the Ninth, and a good and true soldier of the 
 Republic, and who had for many years been 
 enlisted in another army, that of the Prince of 
 Peace. Mr Richards offered the following 
 prayer : 
 
 " Our Father, Thou whose throne is in the 
 heavens, yet whose glory and majesty and 
 power is seen in all things which Thou hast 
 created, and whose love is realized and under 
 stood and felt, because of the providences with 
 which Thou hast surrounded our being, we 
 come into Thy presence with uncovered heads 
 and bowed hearts, glad that we may acknowl 
 edge Thee to be our Father ; and as we 
 approach into Thy presence we come remem 
 bering not only all the dangers and vicissitudes 
 which once surrounded our lives in this place, 
 but we come remembering too all the mercies 
 and goodnesses which have followed our 
 lives hitherto. We thank Thee that thou dost 
 not only permit us, but has graciously invited 
 us to come to Thee, and not only come to 
 Thee, but with prayer and supplication make 
 known our wants and our requests. Therefore 
 on this glad occasion, and at the very threshold 
 of these services we ask Thy presence and Thy 
 blessing upon all the exercises of this hour, 
 
COMRADE RICHARDS INVOCATION. 499 
 
 upon all Thy servants here before Thee, and 
 upon all these comrades who have met after 
 the lapse of years in a scene fraught with such 
 grand and far reaching significance, while its 
 surroundings are filled with the memories of a 
 terrible carnage. Grant, our Father, that the 
 memories of this hour, memories of marches 
 and battles, memories of deliverances, memories 
 of comrades whose forms are scattered on this 
 once fearful battlefield, may inspire us to a 
 more heroic devotion to ,Thee, and a more 
 faithful consecration of our lives, and a more 
 steadfast performance of our duties on earth. 
 Bless, with the blessing which Thou only can 
 bestow, the members of this regiment and 
 friends here present, and while our heads are 
 bowed, and we remember how many homes 
 were made desolate on this battlefield, we ask 
 too, thy blessing upon the widows and orphans 
 who yet remain. Bless our country, and grant 
 that justice and truth, unity and love, peace 
 and prosperity may abound throughout its 
 length and breadth. Guard it in the future as 
 Thou hast in the past, and grant that it may be 
 an example to all nations. Cement us together 
 in the bonds of peace ; make us more and more 
 one people, and may thy blessing be upon it 
 forever. And, our Father, when the march of 
 our individual life is halted, when the last 
 
5OO NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 battle to be fought is ended, and the victory 
 won, grant, we pray Thee, that we may enter 
 into an eternal bivouac in Thy Kingdom above. 
 We ask it in His name, who taught us when we 
 prayed to say, * Our Father who art in Heaven, 
 hallowed be Thy name; Thy Kingdom come, 
 Thy will be done on earth as it is in Heaven ; 
 give us this day our daily bread, and forgive us 
 our trespasses as we forgive those who trespass 
 against us; lead us not into temptation, but 
 deliver us from evil, for Thine is the Kingdom, 
 and the power, and the glory for ever and ever, 
 Amen." 
 
 The President then introduced Lieutenant 
 M. J. Graham, with the following remarks : 
 
 " It is fitting that in the dedication of this 
 memorial the Grand Army of the Republic 
 shall take part in the ceremony. And it is 
 sentimentally fortunate and most appropriate 
 that we have with us to-day an esteemed com 
 rade whom we all honor, and who upon this 
 spot performed brave and honorable service 
 which made him a cripple for the rest of his 
 life. 
 
 " He is now at the head of a Grand Army 
 Post, named in honor of one of our brave 
 lieutenant-colonels, who was killed while in the 
 service of his country. 
 
 " It is now my pleasurable duty, tinged with 
 
LIEUTENANT GRAHAM S INTRODUCTION. 5O1 
 
 the sadness of memories of far off sorrows, to 
 present Lieutenant Matthew J. Graham, who 
 will conduct the Grand Army part of the cere 
 monies." 
 
 Lieutenant Graham s remarks were as fol 
 lows : 
 
 " Friends and Comrades: To-day is the festi 
 val of our dead. We unite to honor the 
 memory of our brave and our beloved, to en 
 rich and ennoble our lives by recalling a public 
 heroism and a private worth that are immortal, 
 to encourage, by our solemn service, a more 
 zealous and stalwart patriotism. Festival of 
 our dead ! Yes, though many eyes are clouded 
 with tears, though many hearts are heavy with 
 regret, though many lives are still desolate be 
 cause of the father or brother, the husband or 
 lover who did not come back ; though every 
 grave which a tender reverence or love adorns 
 with flowers is the shrine of a sorrow whose 
 influence is still potent. Despite it all, to-day 
 is a festival a festival of our dead. No less a 
 festival because it is full of solemnity. 
 
 " And now, as in this silent camping ground 
 of our dead, with soldierly tenderness and love, 
 we dedicate this, our monument, let us recall 
 those who made their breasts a barricade be 
 tween our country and its foes. Let us recall 
 their toils, their sufferings, their heroism, their 
 
502 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 supreme fidelity in camp, in prison-pen, on the 
 battlefield, and in hospital, that the flag under 
 which they fought, and from the shadow of 
 whose folds they were promoted, may never be 
 dishonored ; that the country for whose union 
 and supremacy they surrendered life, may have 
 the fervent and enthusiastic devotion of every 
 citizen ; that, as we stand in this place as before 
 an altar, we may pledge our manhood that, so 
 help us God, the memory of our dead shall en 
 courage and strengthen in us all a more loyal 
 patriotism." 
 
 Colonel Hawkins then addressed those pres 
 ent as follows : 
 
 "Ladies and Gentlemen, and Comrades of the 
 Ninth New York: To be permitted to express 
 upon this field a greeting of welcome to the 
 surviving members of the regiment I had the 
 honor to command is the most interesting and 
 gratifying duty I have ever been called upon 
 to perform. I share with you all the conflicting 
 emotions of pleasure and sadness which fill 
 our hearts as we gaze upon the faces once so 
 familiar to us, and recall to our minds the 
 many stirring scenes in the far off past in which 
 we participated. Although but a remnant of 
 the patriotic band remains, the old spirit sur 
 vives. 
 
 " The heart-throbs of youth are weakened by 
 
OPENING ADDRESS BY COLONEL HA WKINS. 503 
 
 age, but the bond of affectionate comradeship 
 is as strong as ever ; time has not affected that, 
 and never will. The chain forged upon battle 
 fields which binds together the men of the 
 Ninth New York Volunteers can never be 
 broken. 
 
 "This is characteristic and as it should be ; 
 and now here, upon this to us dearest spot on 
 earth, let us renew our fealty to each other and 
 the sacred memories of the past, which are so 
 honorably interwoven with out military ser 
 vices, and which are the brightest jewels in 
 our earthly crown. The incident which has 
 brought us together is only a part of what has 
 gone before. It is perfectly natural that we 
 should meet upon this field appropriately to 
 honor the bravery of our companions who here 
 gave up their lives. 
 
 " Holding prominent place in the earliest 
 known record of human achievements, we find 
 reference to monuments erected to perpetuate 
 memories of heroic deeds and notable events 
 in the history of nations. From a most remote 
 period the custom of monument building has 
 been handed down to the present, ever ac 
 cumulating strength rather than diminishing, 
 and to-day it may be safely claimed for our 
 countrymen that during the last half of the 
 nineteenth century they have surpassed all 
 
SO 4 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 other nations in the number of memorials they 
 have erected to keep alive in the hearts of the 
 generations to come the thrilling story of the 
 heroism of those citizen soldiers who fought 
 for the preservation of a government, es 
 tablished for the purpose of continuing our 
 political experiment in the interest of constitu 
 tional liberty. 
 
 " It may be said that the culmination, as to 
 magnitude, simple grandeur, beauty of indi 
 vidual examples and perfected artistic purity, 
 was realized by the Greek architects and 
 sculptors who wrought during the supreme 
 Hellenic period. The matchless proportions 
 and refined details of their wondrous concep 
 tions formed a fitting crown to a civilization 
 which fostered the cultivation of the heroic and 
 beautiful as had never been done before or 
 since. The Greeks of that time, by reason of 
 their appreciation of the beautiful in art and its 
 ennobling and refining influence upon their 
 nation, occupy the exceptional position in the 
 history of races and peoples which no lapse of 
 time can efface. 
 
 " Running in parallel lines throughout the 
 history of civilization, we find love of the beau 
 tiful and worship of the heroic joined together, 
 the ever-reminding evidence of the presence of 
 those higher and better qualities of our imperfect 
 
COLONEL HAWKINS ADDRESS. BOS 
 
 natures, which lift humanity to a plane above 
 the commonplace of a merely material exist 
 ence. 
 
 " This companionship of the artistic with the 
 heroic has taught us that the office of the beau 
 tiful and noble in art is to give living and 
 enduring expression to the heroism of the 
 ages. Art is the recording agent of great 
 deeds. To the hero worship within us we 
 owe the incentive that inspired the illustrious 
 masters of the arts of all times imperishable 
 masterpieces which have excited the admiration 
 of succeeding ages and kept alive in the hearts 
 of generations living memories of man s great 
 est achievements. 
 
 " To-day, in our humble and imperfect way, 
 we assist to continue the beautiful custom born 
 of antiquity. 
 
 "The solemn and impressive magnitude of the 
 work before us will attest for many generations 
 to come the love and respect a people bear 
 for our brave comrades who nearly thirty-five 
 years ago laid down their lives upon this 
 never fading field of honor; not only a field of 
 honor for those who fell face to the foe, but for 
 those who fought shoulder to shoulder with 
 them. Many have since fallen by the way, but 
 those here to-day who tread again this sacred 
 soil testify their love and loyalty for the dead 
 
SO6 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 of their regiment, who here gave their lives 
 for a cause they had sworn to promote and 
 maintain. 
 
 " This simple memorial, fashioned out of a 
 people s gratitude and placed by our loving 
 hands, will stand a silent sentinel, ever jealously 
 watching over the blood-enriched soil of this 
 sanguinary field. And although silent, yet a 
 living and imperishable record of one of the 
 most thrilling pages in the history of man s 
 sacrifice for a truly exalted ideal. 
 
 " Although more than thirty-four years have 
 passed since the tragic event we now com 
 memorate, we remember that awful day and 
 the unspeakable slaughter. And we remember 
 too, that it was unnecessary, and our victory 
 brought no perceptible result. Thrust unwit 
 tingly forward to a position of exceptional 
 danger, face to face with the forces of armed 
 rebellion greatly outnumbering an already 
 depleted command, unsustained by adequate 
 supporting force, our devoted regiment encoun 
 tered almost alone the concentrated fire of 
 superior numbers, which nearly annihilated its 
 thinned ranks, until there was left but a rem 
 nant to tell the tale of horror through which it 
 had passed. This was but one link in the 
 chain that dragged through years of needless 
 slaughter; one of the results that marked the 
 
RETROSPECTION. 5O7 
 
 unnecessarily slow progress of a merciless war. 
 
 " In history, Antietam stands for our most 
 sanguinary and earnestly contested single day s 
 battle, and was attended with the largest pro 
 portion of fatalities. Like many battles of our 
 Civil War, it was fought without preconceived 
 plan or definite aim, and ended barren of the 
 hard-earned results which, if garnered, might 
 have finished the war. At best it was a con 
 test of accidents, fought in detached patches, 
 without cohesion of lines, at different hours of 
 the day, when subordinate officers and the 
 rank and file made immortal records, seldom 
 equaled and never surpassed. It was not the 
 fault of the Army of the Potomac that its com 
 mander failed to perceive or to take advantage 
 of the victory his command had thrust upon 
 him. 
 
 " Under the circumstances then existing, to 
 permit the army of Northern Virginia to recross 
 the Potomac was an unpardonable neglect. It 
 amounted in its results to a crime against a 
 patriotic people whose blind confidence in in 
 competent leaders was only equaled by their 
 ignorance of military affairs. The capture of 
 any considerable part of the Confederate Army 
 at that time would have placed Richmond at 
 the mercy of the Army of the Potomac. Then 
 the end of the war would have been a matter of 
 
SOS NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 months instead of years. The incidents we 
 now recall are beyond correction. They have 
 passed into the boundless province of history, 
 and we can only say, Let the dead bury the 
 dead. 
 
 " While never forgetting the great sorrow 
 which came to us with the reopened knowl 
 edge of our mighty sacrifice, we must consider 
 the patriotic cause for which it was made and 
 not hold ourselves responsible for the outward 
 misfortunes of war. 
 
 " Now, however, more than a third of a cen 
 tury after Antietam was fought, consolation has 
 come to their companions who survive. We 
 have witnessed how sincerely they who fell 
 were mourned. We know what they did is 
 gratefully appreciated, and are sure that the 
 future will not forget their heroic deeds. 
 
 " In all ages the luster which gathers around 
 the memories of those who fall upon the field 
 of battle stands out from the accumulating 
 mists of time as the great signal stations in the 
 histories of nations, emphasizing the ever-pres 
 ent heroic attributes of the human race. And 
 so it is with those whose heroism we honor to 
 day. They have joined that silent and cease 
 less procession which leads to immortality." 
 
 When the hearty applause which greeted 
 these remarks had ceased, Colonel Hawkins 
 
UNVEILING THE MONUMENT. 6O9 
 
 announced that the time for unveiling the 
 monument had arrived. In introducing Miss 
 Lillian Elsie Horner, to whom the honor of re 
 moving the flag had been assigned, he said : 
 
 "For this occasion we are compelled to call 
 upon one of the second generation to assist in 
 our dedicating ceremonies. We have with us 
 the daughter of one of our most affectionately 
 esteemed comrades. As a non-commissioned 
 officer, he came within a half of a mile of being 
 in the first battle of the rebellion, and as major 
 of a regiment was in the last fight on Southern 
 soil. Not content with serving his full term in 
 the Ninth and being mustered out as an officer 
 covered with honor, he again entered the ser 
 vice of his country and in time became the 
 major of the iyth New York Veteran Volun 
 teer Infantry. 
 
 " I am sure we are all happy to have him 
 with us upon this almost sacred occasion. 
 Hale, hardy, vigorous, and, if need be, quite 
 as full of fight as ever. I now take great pleas 
 ure in presenting Miss Lillian Horner, the 
 daughter of Maj. James B. Horner, and call 
 upon her to uncover this monument." 
 
 Miss Horner wore a costume which was both 
 unique and beautiful in effect, being fashioned 
 out of the National .flag, and as she stepped 
 forward to perform her part in the ceremony, 
 
S1O NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 her appearance was so graceful and striking 
 that it brought forth rapturous applause from 
 the assemblage. Seizing the cords which con 
 trolled the covering of the monument, she said: 
 
 "To the memory of the brave men of the 
 
 Ninth New York Infantry Hawkins Zouaves 
 
 who fought upon this field, and especially to 
 
 those who died here that their country might 
 
 live, we now dedicate this monument." 
 
 The flags were removed, the act being ac 
 companied with the applause of the assembled 
 veterans, and the monument was disclosed in 
 all its beauty, simplicity and stateliness. It is 
 of Barre, Vt, granite, in four pieces, of simple 
 design and imposing dimensions, and of suffi 
 cient proportionate breadth for its height of 
 fifty-two feet. It consists of a monolith on an 
 admirably proportioned die and base. The 
 monolith is forty feet long, tapering from four 
 and a half feet at the base to three and a half 
 feet at the top, and said to be the largest single 
 block of granite ever quarried at Barre. On 
 each panel of the die is an inscription. On the 
 first, under the words "Toujours Pret," the 
 motto of the regiment, appears, "Erected by 
 the State of New York to the memory of the 
 Ninth New York Infantry (Hawkins Zouaves) 
 who fought on this field September iyth, 1862." 
 
 The others are: 
 
THE MONUMENT. 5 1 1 
 
 " About 2 P. M., having forded Antietam 
 Creek, the regiment, meeting with desperate 
 resistance, advanced to this position and held 
 it until ordered elsewhere." 
 
 " The greatest mortality occurred near this 
 position, where the regiment contended with a 
 superior force of infantry and artillery." 
 
 " Members present for duty in action, 373; 
 killed, 54; wounded, 158; missing, 28. Total 
 loss, 240. Two companies were detailed and 
 engaged elsewhere and did not participate in 
 the advance." 
 
 The President, Colonel Hawkins, introduced 
 the orator of the day, as follows: 
 
 " Among the younger of those who enlisted 
 in our regiment, and performed good service, 
 was one who has lived to arrive at a mature 
 estate and now holds an honorable position 
 among his fellowmen. He was of those who 
 though younger than the law required for mili 
 tary service, could not be held back from the 
 carrying out of a determined patriotic purpose. 
 Law or no law, he had made up his mind to go 
 into the army and fight for his country. 
 
 "This boy-soldier was destined to survive and 
 to become a soldier in another and a greater 
 army, where he could exercise a wider field for 
 the benefit of his kind. 
 
 "He is known as the Reverend Clark Wright, 
 
512 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and I now 
 take great pleasure in presenting him to you as 
 the orator of the day." 
 
 After receiving a flattering greeting from his 
 old comrades, the Reverend ex-Zouave spoke 
 as follows : 
 
 " Comrades of the Ninth New York Volunteers, 
 Hawkins Zouaves : 
 
 " Ladies and Gentlemen: On this battlefield 
 the heroic deeds of the honored sons of the 
 Empire State greet you ! We gather to mark 
 the spot where they fell, and dedicate this 
 monument that shall tell to future generations 
 the heroism, fidelity and courage of the faithful 
 soldiers of the State of New York. 
 
 " The greatest mortality in one day, of all the 
 battles that have been fought in the New World, 
 transpired on this battlefield thirty-four years 
 ago. During the war of 1861 to 1865 there 
 were 112 battles fought, where the mortality 
 exceeded 500, but here, on this, the bloodiest 
 battlefield of the war, the combined loss of both 
 armies was nearly 25,000 men. 
 
 " We come to-day, not to glorify ourselves 
 nor to depreciate the brave men who met us on 
 this sanguinary field, but are here to speak in 
 behalf of the men who, coming from their 
 peaceful homes in our native State, willingly 
 sacrificed their lives that the Union might be 
 
OR A TION OF RE V. CLARK WRIGHT. 5 1 3 
 
 unimpaired, that our flag should float unsullied, 
 without one star dimmed, and the Republic 
 continue to live among the nations of the earth. 
 
 "We gather to do honor to those whose 
 blood flowed freely on this spot, while these 
 hills around us were the last scene their eyes 
 beheld ere they closed in death. We come to 
 speak for those whose lips are silent, and tell 
 the present generation of deeds performed by 
 them, equaling in heroism and devotion Mara 
 thon or Thermopylae, Horatious at the Bridge, 
 or the old Guard at Waterloo. We come to 
 speak of the American soldier at Antietam. 
 
 "Some things never die. They live on in 
 enduring immortality while the sun continues 
 to shine and the earth revolves in its orbit. 
 The good men do; the self-sacrifice, devotion 
 to duty, consecration to a patriotic work will 
 live as the story of heroism and fidelity is 
 repeated from one generation to another, and 
 will be a monument to the memory of the 
 fallen heroes, more enduring than this beau 
 tiful monolith of granite, or the bronze tablet 
 upon which their names are inscribed. And 
 while we, their comrades, who knew them so 
 well, who stood by their side on this and other 
 battlefields, are here with the accredited repre 
 sentatives of the Legislature of the State of 
 New York, who erected this memorial to mark 
 
514 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 the spot on this bloody battlefield where they 
 fell, let us rejoice that their memory has 
 a more enduring monument in the Republic 
 that lives, in the Union unbroken, in the starry 
 flag without stain upon its escutcheon, which 
 their heroic acts and vicarious death perpetu 
 ated, as we remember, their deeds will be 
 forever enshrined in the hearts of their country 
 men. 
 
 "With gentle tread and bated breath we 
 come to look upon the scene around us, for 
 we know we are on holy ground, reverently, 
 devoutly, we stand here in the midst of this, 
 the nation s holy of holies, a place consecrated 
 as no human lips can consecrate the earth, as 
 no waters scattered by the hand of man can 
 hallow the soil, for it was here on this spot the 
 last prayer, the last sign, the last breath, the 
 last drop of blood came from the patriot s heart 
 making this place forever sacred, as his life- 
 blood baptized the ground with a baptism that 
 shall forever regenerate the nation, banishing 
 disunion and sectional strife, and exalting the 
 American Republic to the highest pinnacle of 
 greatness among the nations of the earth. 
 
 " Any words poor human lips can utter can 
 not add to the sanctity nor enhance the record 
 of the honor and glory of the brave men who, 
 coming from their peaceful homes in New 
 
OR A TION OF RE V. CLARK WRIGHT. 5 1 S 
 
 York, paid the greatest price mankind can pay, 
 even the last drop of blood in their bodies, that 
 future generations might enjoy the freedom 
 and happiness found on the broad domain of 
 this fair land and protection wherever its starry 
 flag may wave. 
 
 " Who were these men ? Nearly all the men 
 composing our regiment were graduates of the 
 public school, of all trades and professions, 
 averaging twenty-one years of age. In the 
 ranks were those who could build a locomotive, 
 edit a newspaper, survey the land, pilot a 
 steamship across the ocean, conduct a case at 
 law, preach a sermon, direct a commercial 
 house or command a regiment. Men of intel 
 lectual power, brave as the bravest, gentle as 
 women ; men who could treat the enemy with 
 clemency in the day of victory, manifest mag 
 nanimity in the hour of power, who could 
 philosophize and find encouragement amid 
 dark reverses; who decked manhood and 
 truth with a halo, patriotism and martyrdom 
 with a glory that can never fade, and a self- 
 sacrificing devotion that causes the whole 
 world who know their story to exclaim: These 
 died, not for themselves, but for their country! 
 They had no old world aristocratic lineage 
 traced through effeminate dukes, counts, or 
 lords, but far nobler, they were American 
 
516 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 citizens who, with face to the foe and breast 
 exposed to the deathful fire of a determined 
 enemy, stood for the right as God showed them 
 the right, in defense of home, freedom, and 
 native land, until all who saw the heroism 
 displayed on this spot rise and place a chaplet 
 of fame and glory upon the grave of these true 
 sons of New York, and write their epitaph in 
 a word that means more than star or garter, 
 ribbon or decoration, as we, their comrades, 
 inscribe upon the tablet that marks their rest 
 ing place the words : * These were men ; men 
 who were true to God, their duty and their 
 sacred honor. This is the character of those 
 who fought in the ranks of the Ninth New 
 York, Hawkins Zouaves, on this spot, more 
 than thirty-four years ago. 
 
 " How different our surroundings to-day 
 from that of September 17, 1862. To-day the 
 birds sing sweetly in the tops of the trees that 
 in other days were mutilated by shot and shell. 
 The husbandman peacefully reaps the fruit of 
 the soil while the children sit quietly at our 
 feet and listen to our story of the battle of 
 Antietam. 
 
 " Let us briefly ^recall some of the scenes that 
 crowded these fields with the troops of two 
 hostile armies. 
 
 " General McClellan, in his official report of 
 
ORATION OF REV. CLARK WRIGHT. 517 
 
 Antietam, states: Nearly 200,000 men were for 
 fourteen hours engaged in combat. The Offi 
 cial Record states that General McClellan s 
 army was composed of the following : 
 
 ist Corps, . . . 14,856 
 
 2d Corps, . . 18,803 
 
 5th Corps, . . 12,930* 
 
 6th Corps, . . . 12,300 
 
 9th Corps, . . 13,819 
 
 1 2th Corps, . . .10,126 
 
 Cavalry Division, . 4,320 
 
 Total, . . 87,154 
 
 " There is a great diversity in the figures 
 of the enemy concerning the actual number of 
 troops they had on this field ; some place their 
 number as high as 97,000, others as low as 
 70,000 troops. The best Confederate writers, 
 however, declare they had about 75,000 men, 
 making a total of 162,000 in the combined 
 armies. The distance from the right to the 
 left of each wing of the army was about four 
 miles as the bird flies, but because of the irreg 
 ularity of the ground the actual distance was 
 greater. 
 
 "The right wing of the Union Army was 
 near Keedysville, General McClellan s head 
 quarters being about a mile south of that place. 
 
 *Although only 8,500 men of this corps were actually engaged. 
 
518 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS, 
 
 The extreme left wing, under command of 
 Gen. A. E. Burnside, was south of what history 
 designates as Burnside s Bridge. General Lee 
 had his headquarters near Sharpsburgh, very 
 near where we are now assembled. Here the 
 two armies met, and General Longstreet sums 
 up the result of this battle when he says: At 
 Antietam was split the keystone of the arch on 
 which the Confederate cause rested. 
 
 "Our interests at this hour are associated 
 with the gth Army Corps, whose dead lie 
 buried in seven States of the South, and whose 
 banners are inscribed with battle after battle, 
 from Roanoke Island to the Fall of Peters- 
 burgh. It was commanded most of the time 
 by the chivalrous Christian gentleman and de 
 voted soldier, Gen. Ambrose E. Burnside. At 
 Antietam, however, General Cox commanded 
 the gth Corps, Burnside being in command of 
 the left wing of the army, General Rodman 
 commanded our division, and Colonel Fair- 
 child the brigade that occupied this particular 
 part of the battlefield thirty-four years ago. 
 
 "The objective point of the engagement at 
 this part of the field was to drive the enemy 
 from their guns, capture their position, and 
 cause them to retreat across the Potomac ; this 
 was the object, and Hawkins Zouaves were 
 ordered to lead in the charge south of the 
 
OR A TION OF REV. CLARK WRIGHT. 819 
 
 bridge, expecting the troops of the left wing 
 of the Union Army would be ready to support 
 them in the desperate undertaking. But, sup 
 ported or not, their duty was to advance, and 
 forward they went. 
 
 "Up to this time this continent had not seen 
 a battle like this about to take place, which 
 Horace Greeley characterizes (2d Vol., page 
 2 1 1 ) as the bloodiest day America ever saw/ 
 
 "Of the one thousand eight hundred and 
 eighty-two general engagements, battles, or 
 affairs in which at least one regiment was 
 engaged, Colonel Fox states in his book of 
 regimental losses that, while Gettysburg was 
 the greatest, Antietam was the bloodiest, and 
 tells us more men were killed on that one 
 day than any other one day of the war. 
 
 "That September morning the sun looked 
 down upon the flower of the best manhood this 
 country had produced, young men from north 
 and south in the bloom of health and strength. 
 The choicest and best material were in both 
 armies volunteers in the highest sense, be 
 cause up to this time enlistments were vol 
 untary, and drafts, force or financial induce 
 ments to obtain men were comparatively un 
 known. 
 
 " Our comrades of other regiments who per 
 formed valorous deeds on this field will not 
 
520 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 charge us with discourtesy or neglect of their 
 faithful efforts if we turn to the consideration of 
 the work performed and triumph achieved by 
 the regiment whose monument we here ded 
 icate, the Ninth New York, Hawkins Zouaves 
 of Hawkins Brigade (in temporary command 
 of Colonel Fairchild) Rodman s Division, gib. 
 Army Corps. 
 
 " Before Fort Sumter had been fired upon 
 the nucleus of this regiment, composed of 
 gentlemen living in the city of New York, had 
 formed an organization, and immediately upon 
 the publication of Abraham Lincoln s first 
 proclamation calling for 75,000 troops in de 
 fense of the country, Col. Rush C. Hawkins 
 tendered to the Government a regiment that 
 became in after years conspicuous and hon 
 orably known as * Hawkins Zouaves. 
 
 "I will not recount the details of the or 
 ganization of the regiment, the presentation 
 of colors on the Fifth Avenue by Dr. Gard 
 ner Spring, of the Presbyterian Church, the 
 departure for the seat of war, the days spent in 
 camp at Newport News and Fortress Monroe, 
 nor relate the story of the battles of Big Bethel, 
 Hatteras, the bayonet charge of Roanoke 
 Island, a similar one at Camden, North Car 
 olina, nor the story of Plymouth, Winton, 
 Fredericksburgh and Suffolk, and other engage- 
 
ORATION O* REV. CLARK WRIGHT. 521 
 
 ments through which we passed, but turn 
 our attention directly to the scenes preceding 
 the battle of Antietam, and the work performed 
 on this field September lyth, 1862. To do 
 this, let us go back a few days before that 
 battle. On the yth of September, Col. Rush 
 C. Hawkins, to whom we all owe a debt of 
 gratitude, the beloved commander of the reg 
 iment, transferred the command to the heroic 
 Lieut-Col. E. A. Kimball, and in obedience to 
 imperative duty, regretfully took his temporary 
 departure. The regiment encamped that night 
 at Meridian Hill, remaining there until three 
 o clock on the morning of the gth, when, after a 
 march of twelve miles, it rested near Brook- 
 ville. Starting again, it arrived near Layton- 
 ville at ten o clock the same night. Next 
 day it was again on the march, passing Damas 
 cus and Ridgeville, and camping south of the 
 latter place ; and, although it rained hard all 
 night the tired men lay down on the ground 
 and slept soundly. On the I2th it passed the 
 town of New Market, meeting only the slight 
 resistance offered by a few shots from the 
 enemies guns near the Monocacy Ridge. Gen 
 eral Rodman s division ascended the Ridge 
 and came near the city of Frederick, where 
 they remained all night. The i8th was occu 
 pied in supporting Rushes Lancers, who were 
 
522 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 pressing the videttes and rear guard of the 
 enemy. Reaching Jeffersonville, where a cor 
 dial welcome was accorded the regiment by 
 the inhabitants, it returned the same night to 
 Frederick, which proved a night of uproar 
 and excitement caused by a fire in the town. 
 At three o clock the next morning up again, 
 like a hound after the prey, arrived at Mid- 
 dletown at ten o clock the same morning, 
 where, after eating the little that remained of 
 the rations, pushed on in the direction of the 
 battle of South Mountain, fording a small 
 stream at the foot of South Mountain, and 
 up the precipitous sides of the stony slope, 
 reaching the battlefield of South Mountain 
 about five o clock, where the regiment was 
 placed to support a battery on the left of the 
 line. After ^dark the regiment was ordered on 
 picket duty, guarding the extreme left of the 
 army. An incessant firing was kept up be 
 tween General Reno s command and the enemy. 
 It was here our old friend, whose acquaintance 
 the regiment first formed at Roanoke Island, 
 met his death. An excellent soldier, a devoted 
 patriot, a man of sterling character and noble 
 qualities the regiment realized we all lost a 
 personal friend in the death of Maj.-Gen. 
 Jesse L. Reno. 
 
 " The brunt of the battle of South Mountain 
 
ORATION OF REV. CLARK WRIGHT. 623 
 
 was fought by the 2nd and Qth Corps, and con 
 tinued until nine o clock, when the firing ceased 
 and the quietness was unbroken. Awakening 
 next morning the regiment found there was 
 no breakfast, as the supply train had gone in 
 the wrong direction. After foraging, some 
 green corn was secured in the adjacent fields. 
 Food or no food the boys were in hot pursuit 
 of the enemy, and the hungry regiment pressed 
 forward, crossing Little Antietam Creek near 
 Keedysville, passing Locust Springs, coming 
 to the foot of Red Hill, where, weary and sup- 
 perless, all lay down to rest. Next morning 
 the supply train had not yet arrived, and the 
 regiment was shelled by the enemy just at a 
 time when hard-tack was needed more than 
 hard shells. During the day, however, pro 
 visions were obtained, and the regiment was 
 directed by General Rodman to take position 
 on the extreme left of the Army of the Poto 
 mac. A cornfield close to the enemy was that 
 night the scene of the bivouac. Company C 
 was ordered on picket, the balance of the regi 
 ment getting such rest as circumstances per 
 mitted before the terrible, eventful scenes of 
 the morrow ; for, as the sequel proved, this was 
 the last camp ground, the last earthly comrade 
 ship, the last night many of these heroic souls 
 who had marched, toiled, suffered and fought 
 
524 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 with us, were to have, e re they yielded their 
 life in defense of Liberty, Union and Truth. 
 
 " Let us briefly glance back at the night scene 
 of September i6th, 1862 : Near Antietam 
 creek, amid dense darkness where, because of 
 the immediate proximity of the enemy, absolute 
 silence was a necessity, the quietness inter 
 rupted only by the bubbling Antietam Creek, 
 that flowed on its way then as now, the other 
 regiments of our brigade, the 8gth and io3d 
 New York, also lay quietly at rest. On the 
 opposite banks the enemy were industriously 
 engaged placing batteries in position. No 
 glimmer of moonlight nor twinkling stars to 
 cheer the eye of those who, lying in the mud of 
 that cornfield, thought of home, mother, and 
 loved ones e re they closed their eyes in sleep, 
 while the sky was veiled by clouds as the 
 Angel of Death was spreading her wings over 
 the camp e re she should take one and another 
 of that quiet host to herself on the morrow. 
 
 " Could the mothers of New York have vis 
 ited this field that night, knowing what the 
 morrow would bring, the heads of the soldiers 
 would not have lain on the ground ; they 
 would have taken their boys upon their breasts 
 and pillowed them upon mother s heart; and 
 though we know our mothers cherished us 
 better than their own heart s blood, they would 
 
ORATION OF REV. CLARK WRIGHT. 525 
 
 have told each to be faithful in the performance 
 of duty; for our mothers of New York gave 
 their boys to their country and her God, with a 
 realizing sense of the desolateness of heart and 
 loneliness of home that was to follow their 
 great sacrifice in their pilgrimage through life. 
 
 " God bless the mothers of our sacred dead 
 who gave their boys to die in defense of our 
 country ! 
 
 " We cannot bring their sons back to life, but 
 we are here to affectionately honor their mem 
 ory and perpetuate their record, while we 
 cherish in loving remembrance the parents who 
 laid their choicest treasures upon the altar of 
 their country. 
 
 "With the first gray tint of morning our 
 regiment was awakened by the shells from a 
 six-gun battery on the opposite side of the 
 creek. The shells were falling fast, and here 
 Louis Fuco, of Company F, picked up a twelve- 
 pound fuse shell, that fell under Colonel Kim- 
 ball s horse, and threw it down the embank 
 ment where it exploded. A change of position 
 was ordered further to the left, and later our 
 own aggressive battery in charge of our boys 
 of Company K did excellent service, and 
 ultimately succeeded in silencing the early 
 morning disturbers of the peace. Throughout 
 the entire day Company K did efficient ser- 
 
NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 vice and magnificent work wherever they were 
 placed with the battery of the regiment. 
 
 " On the extreme right of the Confederate 
 Army, facing our extreme left, General Long- 
 street had concentrated several batteries of 
 artillery, and here, near the cemetery and to 
 the right and left of Sharpsburgh, artillery was 
 placed, whose range extended down the sur 
 rounding slopes toward Antietam Creek. 
 
 " The official record of the War Department 
 of Union and Confederate Armies (Series I, 
 Vol. 19) says: It is very evident the critical 
 hour with the Confederate right wing was 
 about 4 o clock P.M., on the lyth, which was the 
 time of the final charge. 
 
 " General S. D. Lee, Commander-in-Chief of 
 Artillery of Longstreet s Division, says (page 
 846 of above column) : He had centered his 
 artillery at Sharpsburgh village, and the im 
 mediate vicinity and names the following bat 
 teries present at that point: Miller s, Parkes , 
 Moody s, Jordan s, Richardson s, Norman s, 
 Rhett s, Carter s, Squire s, Mclntosh s, and Eu- 
 bank s batteries. These are referred to by 
 General Toombs also, who commanded in 
 fantry before Sharpsburgh, and others, as doing 
 effective service for the Confederates between 
 3 and 4 P.M . on the iyth. According to the 
 Confederate reports, the smallest number of 
 
ORATION OF REV. CLARK WRIGHT. 527 
 
 guns any of these batteries contained was four, 
 most of them had six guns. Supporting this 
 .artillery were troops from Georgia, Virginia, 
 North and South Carolina. It would appear 
 as though General R. E. Lee, realizing the 
 critical situation of this part of the battlefield, 
 fixed his headquarters at the village of Sharps- 
 burgh, where this particular locality would be 
 under his immediate supervision. The battle 
 raged during the morning all along the line, 
 but before the enemy could be whipped and 
 made to retreat across the Potomac, this posi 
 tion must be captured and the enemy driven 
 from their guns. 
 
 "General Burnside directed General Rod 
 man, Commander 3rd Division, gth Army 
 Corps, to drive the enemy from their position 
 on the west side of Antietam Creek; and our 
 brigade composed of the Sgth, iO3d, and gth 
 regiments, all troops of New York, were or 
 dered to advance upon the enemy. Major 
 Jardine, of our regiment, had been placed tem 
 porarily in command of the 8gth New York, 
 and with the iO3d, did valiant service, but be 
 cause of the rough and uneven nature of the 
 ground, or other reasons, these regiments did 
 not keep alignment with Hawkins Zouaves in 
 the final charge that drove the enemy from 
 their guns, so that the last bloody charge at 
 
528 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 the stone wall was was made practically alone 
 by the Ninth Regiment. Sometime after two 
 P.M., the regiment forded Antietam Creek, a 
 short distance below the Burnside Bridge, re 
 ceiving the fire from the enemy on the oppo 
 site side. 
 
 " Sergeant Johnson of our regiment, whose 
 two brothers were killed in this battle, says : 
 1 We were ordered to form line and advance. 
 The hill that stood in our front was the one 
 from which the rebels opened on us in the 
 morning. As we advanced the enemy retreated 
 to a hill beyond. We lay for about half an 
 hour on this hill, all the while receiving the 
 rebel fire. 
 
 " Lieut. M. J. Graham, while gallantly lead 
 ing his company, lost his leg in this battle. 
 He writes: The practice of the rebel artillery 
 men was wonderful in its accuracy. They 
 dropped shot and shell into our lines repeat 
 edly. They kept the air filled with missils of 
 of every variety, from schrapnel to railroad 
 iron. The schrapnel and cannister were very 
 much in evidence. I saw one of our men in 
 the hospital afterward Jas. H. Brainard, of 
 Company D, who had nine wounds in his right 
 arm. I watched solid shot and round shot 
 strike the ground with what sounded like an 
 innocent thud, and bounding over battery and 
 
ORATION OF REV. CLARK WRIGHT. 529 
 
 park, fly through the tree tops, cutting them 
 off so suddenly it seemed to me they lingered 
 undecided which way to fall. I was lying on 
 my back, watching the shells explode overhead,, 
 and speculating how long I could hold up my 
 finger before it would be shot off (for the air 
 seemed full of bullets) when the order was 
 given to advance. Concerning the charge 
 Lieutenant Graham says : 
 
 " I could see the line of the regiment short 
 ening as we advanced. We could hear the 
 crash of missiles through the ranks, and, strange 
 as it may seem, the sound brought like a flash 
 to my mind a saying of Lannes when describ 
 ing the battle of Austerlitz: "I could hear the 
 bones crash in my division like glass in a hail 
 storm." 
 
 "This is the testimony and recollection of 
 two of our faithful comrades of the scenes of 
 that eventful day. 
 
 "Let us return to our narrative. 
 
 "All day long death was reaping a terrible 
 harvest amid these hills and dales, thirty-four 
 years ago. The shells from the enemy s guns, 
 on the early morning of the iyth of September, 
 resulted in the loss of twelve men of the regi 
 ment, wounded, and before these guns ceased 
 their immediate action upon the regiment, 
 heavy cannonading and long deep rolls of 
 
S30 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 musketry could be heard all along the line to 
 the right of where our regiment was stationed, 
 showing that the battle was raging with fierce 
 ness and intensity. 
 
 " The key to the situation on the left imme 
 diately in our front was what was known as 
 The Burnside Bridge, which crossed the Antie- 
 tam. Here the enemy had planted his guns and 
 disposed his regiments to make a determined 
 stand, and it was not until one o clock in the 
 afternoon that our old friends of the 5ist New 
 York, who had fought with us [at Roanoke 
 Island, assisted by the 5ist Pennsylvania, 
 gallantly charged and carried the bridge at the 
 point of the bayonet. Shortly afterward our 
 regiment, as already indicated, was ordered 
 to ford the creek below the bridge and, forming 
 in line on the bluff opposite, drive the enemy 
 from their places of security behind the stone 
 walls and onward toward Sharpsburgh. The 
 crossing was disputed. As our regiment ad 
 vanced into the water several men went down 
 before reaching the opposite shore. Between 
 three and four o clock the enemy retired as the 
 regiment advanced by the right flank along 
 the bluff of the creek for about half a mile to 
 the brow of a hill. At this point our regiment 
 was within about eight hundred yards of the 
 enemy s main body of artillery and infantry. 
 
ORATION OF REV. CLARK WRIGHT. 531 
 
 Up to this time the loss was meager compared 
 with what was about to take place. The steep 
 assent, rough nature of the ground, promptness 
 in the execution of orders, caused the men to 
 be fatigued and out of breath. On arriving at 
 this point the regiment halted to recover breath 
 before making the next charge. 
 
 " Here was where the rebel batteries opened 
 a most scathing fire of shot and shell, and 
 although men were falling upon the right hand 
 and left the regiment was as passive and calm 
 as at an evening parade ; each soldier seemed 
 to say: Come one, come all; these rocks shall 
 fly from their base as soon as I. 
 
 " After a brief time the order came to advance, 
 which was quickly obeyed, moving in line of 
 battle dressing on the colors with as much 
 coolness and accuracy as though upon drill 
 ground. Proceeding about two hundred yards 
 the command Double quick, charge ! was 
 given. Flocton, of Company F, with a blast 
 from his bugle that could be heard in Sharps- 
 burgh, echoed the command over the hills, when 
 with a loud huzzah and the cry of Zoo ! Zoo ! 
 Zoo! peculiar to our regiment, forward went 
 Hawkins Zouaves into the fiercest fire that 
 could be rained upon a devoted regiment. 
 Thousands of the enemy s troops, consisting of 
 infantry and several batteries of artillery, were 
 
532 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 firing upon the regiment with terrible effect, 
 and looking back upon that scene it appears 
 wonderfully miraculous that one soldier es 
 caped to tell the tale. Here the gallant Cooper 
 fell; one shell killed eight men ; a round shot 
 took off Conway s head ; Bussam was cut in 
 twain by a shell ; the men fell on top of one 
 another, while bullets, shell, grape-shot and 
 cannister were poured into this devoted band 
 like hail, producing a scene of carnage dreadful 
 to behold. Not a man wavered or faltered ; 
 even the wounded as they fell cheered the 
 regiment onward. One soldier with the whole 
 of his jaw and the lower part of his face shot 
 away, unable to speak, took his fez and waved 
 it above his head, mutely signaling the words 
 he was unable to utter to his comrades, 
 Forward. 
 
 " Sergeant Salisbury, with a bullet hole 
 through his breast, from which the blood was 
 spurting, about to fall, encouraged the mem 
 bers of his company with the words : Never 
 mind me, boys, I ve only got a little breast-pin 
 -Forward! The brave impetuous hero of 
 Chapultepec, Lieutenant-Colonel Kimball and 
 Acting-Adjutant Horner, leading the way, on 
 ward they went; Barnett, Harrison, Childs, 
 Leahey, all were wounded ; Graham, Herbert, 
 Burdett, Pannis, Dusenbury, one after the 
 
ORATION OF REV. CLARK WRIGHT. S33 
 
 other were struck by the enemy s fire ; Searing, 
 Forbes, Dews, Geayer, Watson, Whitney, 
 Sites, Keating, Smith, Russer, Groser, Hol 
 land, were wounded or killed amid this with 
 ering fire. Curie, Van Cott, Parrel, Stephens, 
 Lawrence, Judge, Adair, with many others, fell 
 faithfully discharging their duty; and although 
 the line had been broken and the company 
 diminished by the fire of the enemy, these 
 heroic men, worthy sons of the best blood 
 from the City of New York, our comrades, 
 closed up the ranks, and rallied around these 
 same colors, keeping the old flag that they 
 swore to defend, bravely floating to the breeze 
 as they charged down to the gates of death, up 
 the mouth of hell. 
 
 " Dear old flag ! Companion of many a 
 hotly contested battle ; we bring you to-day to 
 the scene of one of your greatest struggles 
 and grandest triumphs. Your tattered rags 
 and mangled staff speak in more eloquent 
 words than human tongue can utter, for you 
 tell us of the encouragement your presence 
 afforded, when tired and thirsty we toiled on 
 the path of duty. 
 
 "O! old starry flag, tattered and mangled, 
 have you power to hear ? Then listen to-day. 
 The arm that fought for you, the hand that 
 upheld you, the heart that beat for you, the one 
 
534 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 that loved you, is dead, buried in the grave, 
 and you come again to Antietam battlefield 
 to manifest affectionate regard for the heroes 
 who lie buried on this battlefield. They loved 
 you, old flag, with a love exceeding that of 
 woman! Weep on, old flag, weep on! The 
 ear of these slumbering heroes will not hear 
 your sob, their eyes do not see your sorrow, 
 mark the tatters of your folds, nor the feeble 
 ness of old age that has come upon you, 
 dear old flag ! Their soul is undisturbed ; the 
 chaplet of victory is won ; the battle is over ; 
 the warfare is ended ; Jesus Christ, the World s 
 Redeemer, has bent over their clayey ten 
 ement, and whispered in accents of peace, 
 Sleep on now and take your rest/ 
 
 " Your faded colors tell us who survive of 
 Bethel, of Hatteras, of Roanoke, Winton, South 
 Mills, Fredericksburgh, Suffolk, and other bat 
 tles through which you passed. You bring 
 back the faces of those who marched by our 
 side, whom you saw as they fell wounded, 
 bruised, mangled ; you heard their dying 
 cry and your stars were the last object their 
 gaze rested upon ere their souls took their 
 flight. But, it may be, the spirits of our 
 dead comrades who fell here in 1862 are 
 with us again to-day at this reunion, and look 
 with joy on these old flags they gave their life 
 
ORATION OF REV. CLARK WRIGHT. 535 
 
 to defend. Comrades from the spirit world, 
 with all our soul we greet you ! Comrades of 
 our boyhood (now immortal), all hail! We 
 welcome you, for we know none have more in 
 terest or right here than you ! 
 
 " You remember, time after time, the one who 
 was bearing the flag fell wounded or dead. 
 Myers was the first to go, and then Hankinson, 
 then Van Cott and Adair; then another and 
 another; and hardly had John Fink, of Com 
 pany F, grasped it, when he fell stricken down 
 in his tracks. Recovering strength, he crawled 
 from under four men who had fallen by the 
 same fire. This old flag was dyed in blood 
 that day. The color-guard died faithfully per 
 forming their duty. The white stripes turned 
 red and the blood flowed from those who 
 thought more of this starry emblem than of 
 life. One bullet pierced the staff and then 
 buried itself in the forearm of Patterson, but 
 grasping the colors more firmly, he cried, 
 ( Forward 1 when another bullet pierced his left 
 eye and he fell with his face to the foe. All 
 honor to the color-guard and the men who sus 
 tained them upon the right and left in keeping 
 the flag waving. There was no mistake con 
 cerning these men. Americans were on guard. 
 That morning the Colonel had called Captain 
 Libaire to him, and both knowing they were to 
 
S36 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 pass through a fearful ordeal, the Colonel said : 
 1 I will commit this flag to your keeping, and 
 the magnificent, heroic Libaire replied, I will 
 bring it back in safety, or you will never see my 
 face in this world again. And now the issue 
 was upon Libaire, the enemy was directly in 
 front, their guns and musketry were cutting 
 swaths in the regiment; eight times had the 
 colors fallen to the ground, the eight different 
 men one after the other had picked it up, 
 each carrying it but a few steps and then 
 falling wounded or dead, and the flag falling 
 on top of them. It seemed instant death to 
 carry the old flag that day; but the thought 
 of duty was greater than the thought of 
 danger, and as the flag went down the 
 last time, the gallant Libaire himself sprang 
 forward in the midst of the reign of death 
 and the horrors of hell, grasped the colors 
 firmly in his hands, and with flashing eye and 
 cheerful tone, cried at the top of his voice : 
 Come on, boys ! Come on ! and never sur 
 rendered his hold until he had planted this 
 American flag upon the stone wall, the last 
 defensive position the enemy s infantry held, 
 while the remnant of our regiment pressed for 
 ward and drove the enemy s gunners from their 
 cannon.* 
 
 *Since this address was delivered, Captain Libaire had received the 
 Medal of Honor from the Government, in recognition of this act, 
 thirty-five years after. 
 
ORATION OF REV. CLARK WRIGHT. 537 
 
 " Concerning this last charge our faithful 
 soldier friend, Captain Curie, writes : About 
 four or five o clock the order to advance was 
 given. All the men then rose to their feet, and 
 soon were on the march " double time toward 
 the village of Sharpsburgh. The enemy s bat 
 teries, which, prior to that time had been using 
 only shell, began to pour out grape and can- 
 nister, making sore havoc on our ranks from 
 the time we began to move. There was a lane 
 between two fences, some of which were down, 
 so that some of the men had to climb these; a 
 stone wall was reached and passed three or 
 four hundred yards before the regiment reached 
 its final stand at the wall on the brow of the 
 hill, immediately in front of and in full view 
 of the village of Sharpsburgh, and on the pres 
 ent site of the monument. 
 
 "At last the victory was ours; the regiment 
 had been given a hard task to perform, but that 
 duty was accomplished, confirming its history 
 of Roanoke, when it made the first bayonet 
 charge of the war, viz.: that it would conquer 
 the enemy s position or die in its tracks. 
 
 "Standing by the side of this monument, that 
 dreadful scene that presented itself after the 
 charge comes vividly to mind, from yonder 
 Antietam Creek to the base of this monument 
 the pathway is marked with the wounded, the 
 
638 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 dying and the dead ! We think of them as 
 they left New York City, in 1861, bright, 
 buoyant, youthful, hopeful, and we look now 
 over the hills and the valleys and see the same 
 boys sons, whose mothers loved them as 
 your mother loves you mutilated, shattered, 
 wounded, dead! I recall a few additional 
 names of those that fell on this field : Turner, 
 Rasiga, Hilderbrand, Bennett, Gunther, Shaffer, 
 Alber, Watson, Beeker, Bessling, Rothers, 
 Blazer, Hassan, McDermot, Smith, Dillman, 
 Conway, Negus, Stites, Hopper, Burd, Flem 
 ing, the two Johnson brothers, Stephson, Chris- 
 tain, Collins, and Shaw. Some of these are 
 buried on this field. These are but a few of 
 the names of those who fell on the spot occu 
 pied by this monument or on the slopes toward 
 the Antietam. 
 
 " This charge, although driving the enemy 
 from their places, bathing the soil with blood 
 and causing the regiment to loose over 65 per 
 cent, of their number, does not tell the whole 
 story, because it carried distress and agony into 
 scores of homes from whence the members of 
 this regiment had come ; for we remember that 
 there were fathers, mothers, wives, and sweet 
 hearts and little children who were left desol 
 ate in many New York homes, because of the 
 events transpiring on this field in 1862. 
 
ORATION OF REV, CLARK WRIGHT. 539 
 
 " The Union Army had won a great victory, 
 and the enemy hastily retreated south of the 
 Potomac ; but the price paid was too great for 
 the triumphs won, when we consider what was 
 clearly within our grasp. Had the charge led 
 by this regiment been sustained by the troops 
 in our rear, the mass of cannon and the right 
 wing of the rebel army, and necessarily with it 
 the center and left, would have been captured 
 beyond question, for, although the enemy were 
 reinforced by the energetic A. P. Hill, from 
 Harper s Ferry, our forces were sufficient for 
 the situation, had they been thrown forward 
 and concentrated by General Cox, at this par 
 ticular point. It is only another instance that 
 occurs so frequently in war, where a general 
 has victory within his grasp and by neglect or 
 lack of decision fails to reap the benefit of the 
 same. At 4 P.M., on the afternoon of the iyth, 
 the enemy in and around Sharpsburgh were 
 panic stricken and were flying faster toward the 
 Potomac river than any troops ran at the battle 
 of Bull Run; their guns were deserted, and 
 some of the Ninth New York placed their 
 hands upon the guns the enemy had left in 
 their mad flight ; indeed, some of the members 
 of our regiment, forgetful of discipline, were so 
 carried away with certainty of victory that they 
 individually pursued the flying enemy on down 
 
S4O NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 through the streets of Sharpsburgh, and were 
 finally recalled, not, however, until some of our 
 number, like comrade Christian and John Byrd, 
 fell, shot through the head, in the principal 
 street of the village victory was ours ! 
 
 " General McClellan states in his report of 
 the battle of Antietam : The Union Army 
 captured 13 guns and 39 colors, more than 
 15,000 stands of small arms, and more than 
 6,000 prisoners were the trophies which attest 
 the success of our arms. 
 
 " Had the charge on the left been sustained 
 by the troops in our rear that day General 
 Longstreet and General A. P. Hill would have 
 been driven back overwhelmed, and the right 
 wing of the rebel forces captured or destroyed. 
 
 " General Hill, in his report of this battle 
 states : My troops were not in a moment too 
 soon ; the enemy had already advanced and 
 broken through Jones division, captured Mc- 
 Intosh s battery, and were in full tide of suc 
 cess. With a yell of defiance, Archer charged 
 them, retook Mclntosh s guns and drove them 
 back. 
 
 "The inactivity of our troops in different 
 parts of the army seems inexplicable ; with the 
 enemy panic-stricken, deserting their guns, a 
 few of our men fighting to the death, without 
 strength to take from the field the guns they 
 
ORATION OP REV. CLARK WRIGHT. 541 
 
 captured, with thousands of well armed men 
 standing unemployed ; with the enemy, rein 
 forced by troops from Harper s Ferry, exhausted 
 by the forced march, coming to bolster the 
 defeated army of Lee. It is a mystery to this 
 day unsolved, why the whole of the rebel army 
 was not captured at the battle of Antietam. 
 
 " There is but one way whereby the problem 
 can be solved : It is that there is a Divine 
 Providence ever ruling the affairs of men : that 
 peace should not come to our land until the 
 four millions of slaves held in bondage should 
 be set free ; that the slave-driver s whip and the 
 slave-master s shackles should no longer polute 
 the air of America, but before peace could come 
 to all the land, every human being, black or 
 white, should be free to enjoy Life, liberty and 
 the pursuit of happiness. This is the only 
 solution possible why the army of General Lee 
 was not captured at the battle of Antietam. 
 
 " We must remember that God rules in the 
 armies of Heaven and among the inhabitants 
 of the earth ; and he beheld them, as we see 
 now, that this country could not exist * one-half 
 slave and the other half free. Up to the iyth 
 of September, 1862, the war had been waged 
 solely and absolutely for the preservation of the 
 the Union. The question of emancipation of 
 the slaves had been frequently urged upon the 
 
S42 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 President, and he was asked to issue a Pro- 
 claimation of Emancipation as a war measure, 
 to assist in weakening the enemy and strength 
 ening those fighting for the preservation of the 
 Union. None can read the life of Abraham 
 Lincoln and not feel his sympathy and convic 
 tions were on the side of emancipation, not only 
 as a war measure, but because it was right, 
 and that as God has created all men free, Lin 
 coln looked upon the perpetuation of slavery as 
 a crime. Yet so complicated was the situation, 
 he feared emancipation would seriously affect 
 the continued loyalty of the border States and 
 loyal men who were slave-holders. 
 
 " Such was the condition in the summer 
 of 1862, when a visitor to the White House, 
 who went there to discuss this subject with the 
 President, found Mr. Lincoln pacing the floor 
 of his room. Mr. Lincoln took him by the 
 hand, and said: On my knees, J have laid this 
 matter before God. If He wants the slaves 
 emancipated, I will do it. If, after the next 
 great battle that shall be fought by the Army of 
 the Potomac victory comes to us, I will know 
 by that God desires not only the preservation 
 of the Union, but the freedom of the slaves ; it 
 is now in God s hands. I shall let the matter 
 rest until after the next great battle. 
 
ORATION OF REV. CLARK WRIGHT. 543 
 
 " You all know how great and bloody that 
 battle was, fought upon these very grounds, 
 and how rapidly the troops coming from the 
 scene of the martyrdom of John Brown, to rein 
 force Lee s army here were defeated and 
 driven back, and after fourteen hours continu 
 ous battle the enemy disappeared and hastily 
 crossed to the south side of the Potomac River. 
 It was God speaking to Abraham Lincoln 
 4 The slave shall be free ! 
 
 "Like Gideon of old, the test was made, and 
 the answer comes from this bloody field of An- 
 tietam. Lincoln is true to the compact, for as 
 soon as positive news of the victory reached 
 Washington, he at once prepared the Emanci 
 pation Proclamation, and shortly after issued 
 the same, declaring, in the face of the world, 
 that henceforth and forever slavery was abol 
 ished throughout the United States. 
 
 " We obtain a better understanding of the 
 situation after the lapse of these years, for had 
 Gen. R. E. Lee s army been captured or com 
 pletely annihilated on this field, it would have 
 resulted in a compromise with the States in 
 rebellion whereby peace would have been 
 declared and slavery continued ; but God 
 moves in a mysterious way, his wonders to 
 perform, and the supineness of commanders, 
 the inactivity of army corps, the blunder of 
 
544 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 generals, and the escape of Lee, finds answer, 
 as we behold Abraham Lincoln on his knees 
 before his God, asking not only for wisdom to 
 save the Union, but to open the way whereby 
 four millions of slaves may be made free. The 
 revelations of history confirm the statement, 
 permanent peace could not come until the 
 power of the United States to enforce the 
 Emancipation Proclamation should be mani 
 fested to the world on subsequent battlefields, 
 extending from Antietam to Appomatox. 
 
 " We were disappointed that the fruits of our 
 great victory were not gathered here, but sub 
 sequent events proved that on Antietam battle 
 field we builded better than we knew, for the 
 cardinal issues of the war that should give this 
 country a permanent peace, were fixed and set 
 tled by the battle of Antietam. Here the 
 question of slavery was forever settled, and our 
 faithful army was to go hence to Gettysburg 
 and Petersburgh, and crown the labor and toil 
 of the years of contest by the surrender of Gen 
 eral Lee to General Grant at Appomatox. 
 
 "And now, my comrades, this memorial 
 work commemorating the heroism of our fallen 
 comrades of the Ninth Regiment, New York 
 Volunteers, is completed. Our duty is done. 
 Here this monument will stand and tell to 
 future generations how brave men fought, and 
 
ORATION OF REV, CLARK WRIGHT. 545 
 
 how an American citizen, transformed into an 
 American soldier, died, that the Republic might 
 live, and the principles of liberty and union be 
 perpetuated while the land of the free is the 
 home of the brave. 
 
 " You, my surviving comrades of our old 
 regiment, come here for the last time here we 
 bid a final good-bye to all that is mortal of 
 those who found a grave on the field of glory. 
 May their repose be peaceful as the flowers of 
 springtime that bestrew their graves with their 
 fragrance each recurring Decoration Day. We 
 can never forget them, but will remember their 
 fidelity, devotion and heroism ; and may it be 
 ours, when the Supreme Commander of the 
 Universe shall call our names to answer with 
 alacrity and joy, Here! so when the final 
 report is made it will show all present at that 
 grand reunion on the shores of a blessed im 
 mortality. 
 
 " Until then, dear comrades of the Ninth 
 New York Volunteers who found your sepul 
 chre on this field, farewell farewell ! May the 
 angels of God watch over your sacred dust. 
 
 " The night of final separation has come ; the 
 arms are stacked, the sword is sheathed ; night 
 is spreading her mantle, but the stars of hope 
 are brightly shining ; some in the camp are 
 already sleeping, soon we will join them. 
 
546 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 11 Solemnly, mournfully, 
 Dealing its dole, 
 The curfew bell 
 Is beginning to toll. 
 Cover the embers 
 And put out the light ; 
 Toil comes with the morning 
 And rest with the night. 
 Dark grow the tents 
 And quenched is the fire ; 
 Sound fades in silence, 
 All footsteps retire; 
 No voice in the camp, 
 No challenge, no call. 
 Listen, taps are sounding !" 
 
 When the applause which followed the clos 
 ing of the oration had subsided the formality 
 of completing the transfer of the monument 
 and land to the representative of the Secretary 
 of War was proceeded with, Colonel Hawkins 
 introducing the comrade who was to perform 
 that duty in the following words : 
 
 " We have with us to-day another of the 
 youngsters who, like the one previously pre 
 sented, had made up his mind to become a 
 soldier, and accordingly enlisted in Company 
 C. With gun, canteen, haversack and knap 
 sack, he went through his term of service, hav 
 ing well earned the rank of corporal in his 
 company. 
 
 " Not satisfied with having ended his honor 
 able term of service in the Ninth, he became an 
 officer in another regiment and saw the end of 
 the Rebellion as a captain in the lySth New 
 York Volunteers. 
 
 " I now take pleasure in presenting that 
 
TRANSFERRING THE TITLE. S47 
 
 patriotic gentleman in the person of Captain 
 Charles Curie, who will present the title-deed 
 of our monument to General E. A. Carman, the 
 representative of the United States, appointed 
 to receive it. 
 
 Captain Curie, in presenting the deed, said : 
 " General E. A. Carman, United States Com 
 missioner in charge of Antietam Battlefield 
 The Act of the Legislature of the State of New 
 York appropriating a portion of the money for 
 the erection of this monument made the con 
 ditions following : 
 
 Upon the securing of the dedication of the 
 ground upon which said monument shall rest 
 to the memorial purpose for which said monu 
 ment shall be erected, with the rights of free 
 access thereto by the public, subject neverthe 
 less, to proper rules and regulations for the 
 preservation of said grounds and the monu 
 ment to be erected thereon, and the committee 
 are directed to prescribe rules and regulations 
 to govern the consideration and determination 
 of the matters relating thereto/ 
 
 " This Committee, authorized by the unani 
 mous vote of the Hawkins Zouaves Associa 
 tion, decided that, inasmuch as the Government 
 of the United States had made provision for 
 the laying out of the battlefield of Antietam, 
 and had already done so much for the preser 
 vation of the history of that battle by laying out 
 
B48 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 roads and placing monuments and markers on 
 the entire field, showing the positions of the 
 contending forces, and also marking the places 
 where the general officers fell, and providing for 
 a care taker, that the monument would be best 
 protected and preserved if placed in its custody 
 and care, and the Committee having received 
 intimation that the United States was willing to 
 accept it for the purpose stated, I have been 
 instructed and have now the pleasure to hand 
 to you, and, through you to the United States 
 of America, the deed for this monument and the 
 land upon which it stands, with a right of way 
 to it, for perpetual custody and care. 
 
 "May it stand on fair Maryland s historic 
 field a reminder to all the sister States that 
 only within the family fold their true happiness 
 lies, and no wrongs to be redressed, imaginary 
 or real, can every justify bloodshed such as 
 was witnessed on this battlefield, and that it is 
 in unity and peace alone they are to abide 
 forevermore." 
 
 In accepting the monument on behalf of the 
 United States, Gen. Ezra A. Carman, of the 
 Antietam Battlefield Commission, who acted 
 by authority and in behalf of the Secretary of 
 War, said : 
 
 "Survivors of the Hawkins Zouaves: By 
 direction of the Secretary of War, I accept for 
 
GENERAL CARMAN S REMARKS. 549 
 
 the United States this imposing monument, 
 erected by the State of New York to perpetu 
 ate and accentuate the history of one of her 
 most heroic regiments, and especially to com 
 memorate its unfaltering devotion to duty on 
 this field. 
 
 " It gives me great pleasure to do this, for I 
 recognize that of all the heroic organizations 
 whose devotion to duty and country was tried 
 on this unparalleled field of blood, none ex 
 ceeded yours in bravery exhibited, sacrifices 
 made, and results achieved. 
 
 "The iyth day of September, 1862, will long 
 be remembered in the annals of American 
 history. The bitter and bloody contest in the 
 morning on the right, near Dunkard Church, 
 brought no decisive result. Later in the day 
 you crossed the Antietam by one of the lower 
 fords, advanced over these hills a mile, under 
 a most unerring and murderous fire of artil 
 lery, marking your path by scores of dead and 
 wounded, reached this high ground, and in 
 the face of a sheet of musketry dashed at and 
 overthrew the right of Lee s army--Kemper s 
 Virginia, and Drayton s South Carolina Brig 
 ades the flower of the Southern Confederacy. 
 
 " Through no fault of yours the fruits of 
 your bravery were not gathered, and the van 
 tage ground so dearly paid for by the blood 
 
55O NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 of your comrades was relinquished, but you 
 can never relinquish the claim of duty well 
 done, nor will history question it. 
 
 " One of the most eloquent tributes paid to 
 human valor was that of Sir Charles Napier, to 
 an English officer, who fell while assaulting 
 the enemy s work at Badajos, Spain, in 1812. 
 He says: But Ridge fell, and no man died 
 that night with more glory, yet many died, and 
 there was much glory. 
 
 "What is here most beautifully and touch- 
 ingly said of one man can be said of your 
 comrades none died with more glory, where 
 many fell, and there was much glory. 
 
 " In yonder beautiful cemetery, in ground 
 hallowed by their silent forms, your comrades, 
 who carried the crown of glory are taking 
 their long rest. The Government whose liber 
 ties they did so much to preserve and integrity 
 to perpetuate, watches their eternal sleep with 
 tender care. As it cares for them, so will it 
 care for this imposing shaft dedicated to their 
 memory and to their and your valor. 
 
 " So long as granite shall last, history will 
 not fail to write nor tradition to repeat the 
 story of the Hawkins Zouaves on the field of 
 the Antietam." 
 
 Colonel Hawkins then said : 
 
 " Among the brave and faithful of the regi- 
 
AN TIE TAM, " 551 
 
 ment no one was ever more respected than 
 Sergeant Samuel L. Malcolm, who honestly 
 earned his stripes in Company C, I now call 
 upon him to give us, in his own impassioned 
 way, the well known poem entitled Antietam ! 
 Sergeant Malcolm recites the following ex 
 tract from the poem : 
 
 " To rest as those who bivouac still 
 At Marathon and Bunker Hill. 
 No more the pulse that beat so true 
 Will quicken at the loved tattoo; 
 Still hands unseen will hither bring 
 The earliest flowers of the spring; 
 For every clod we tread to-day 
 Is moulded from some hero s clay. 
 And looking downward from the skies, 
 Perchance the melancholy eyes 
 Of Lincoln wear a tender glow 
 As on this scene he gazes now. 
 O death! where is thy sting ? O grave ! 
 Where is thy victory o er the brave ? 
 Not with dim sight and tottering frame 
 They sought the dust from whence they came. 
 With eye whose flash seemed of the storm, 
 And war embodied in each form, 
 They marched at glory s clarion call 
 To graves as to a banquet hall. 
 Through such heroic souls as those 
 The Lord of Hosts his God-head shows; 
 O er them no mournful requiem floats, 
 But bugles peal their loudest notes; 
 As to the heaven of fame they march 
 Beneath the flag its rainbow arch; 
 With an eternal furlough blest, 
 Sweet, sweet shall be the patriot s rest, 
 As worn with toil whose fruits sublime 
 Are budding on the bough of time. 
 And while above these sainted brave 
 One stripe of that old flag will wave, 
 This consecrated spot will be 
 A sacred Mecca of the free." 
 
5S2 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 The reading of the poem closed the dedica 
 ting ceremonies as arranged by the committee. 
 
 Just as the comrades and their friends were 
 beginning to disperse Colonel Hawkins again 
 claimed their attention for, as he said, a few 
 moments, while General Carman, who was 
 already leaving the field, was intercepted and 
 brought back to the foot of the monument by 
 Major Horner with the remark: " One moment, 
 General. We have a little private matter we 
 wish to settle with you." 
 
 General Carman submitted with a good 
 grace, but was very much astonished at the 
 procedure. Colonel Hawkins then addressed 
 the assemblage as follows : 
 
 "The bringing to a successful conclusion 
 the labor of erecting this monument was not 
 accomplished without the usual accompanying 
 vexatious incidents. And your committee had 
 not proceeded very far with their under 
 taking before they discovered that outside 
 assistance would have to be called to their 
 aid. 
 
 "What was needed most was a man on 
 the spot some one intelligent and efficient 
 to assist in locating the site, which was the 
 most important point we had to consider, 
 and, besides, our dealings with the people 
 here the natives were so varied, covered 
 
LOVING-CUP TO GENERAL CARMAN, S53 
 
 such a multitude of details, that they called 
 for most careful attention. The laying of a 
 sufficiently solid foundation had to be looked 
 after, as well as the moving and setting of 
 the ponderous parts of the superstructure. 
 
 "The man of all others for our purpose 
 happened to be just where he was most 
 needed, anxious and willing to serve. And 
 without his kindly and interested assistance 
 we might not have been here to-day to 
 witness the completion of our work. 
 
 " We found this efficient assistant in the per 
 son of Gen. E. A. Carman, the United States 
 Antietam Battlefield Commissioner, employed 
 by the Government to make a new battle-day 
 map and to mark the most notable points of 
 interest upon this historic field. 
 
 "Acknowledging the value of his services, 
 appreciating our obligations to him, and de 
 siring, in an insufficient way, to express our 
 sentiments of gratitude, your committee pro 
 cured a memento which we are about to 
 present to him as a token of our cordial 
 good will and esteem, and I now ask him 
 to step forward, so as to be seen by all, 
 and to accept from our hands this loving- 
 cup, which carries with it our good wishes 
 for his health and happiness as well as all 
 the gratitude we have to give." 
 
534 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 General Carman, although very much sur 
 prised, and, as was natural under the circum 
 stances, somewhat embarrassed, accepted the 
 cup in a few well-chosen words, assuring 
 the committee of his appreciation of the gift, 
 which, although given for acts which he con 
 sidered labors of love, and which he was 
 only too happy to have been able to per 
 form, still, that he would always prize the 
 gift in remembrance of a pleasant duty and 
 as a memento of the brief but cordial asso 
 ciation with the committee, and in pleasant 
 remembrance of his meeting with the sur 
 vivors of a gallant regiment that had done 
 so much to make Antietam s field historic. 
 
 The company, separating into groups, en 
 joyed an interesting drive over the battle-field, 
 visiting the National Cemetery, Burnside s 
 Bridge, and many other points of interest, 
 including the farmhouses where several of 
 those present, who were wounded in the bat 
 tle, had been cared for, and after spending 
 several hours in this manner were reassem 
 bled at the train and proceeded to Hagers- 
 town for dinner. The return journey was re 
 sumed in the evening, and after a leisurely 
 and enjoyable trip, all arrived safely at their 
 destination without a single unpleasant inci 
 dent to mar the success of either the journey 
 or the ceremonies. 
 
CHAPTER XVII. 
 
 AFTER MUSTER-OUT DESIRE OF THE MEN OF THE 
 REGIMENT TO RETAIN THE FLAGS MANNER IN 
 WHICH THEY WERE CARED FOR REASONS WHY 
 THEY SHOULD BE TRANSFERRED TO THE STATE 
 CORRESPONDENCE WITH THE GOVERNOR NAMES 
 OF SURVIVORS WHO WERE PRESENT AT THE CERE 
 MONY RECEPTION OF THE DELEGATION BY GOV 
 ERNOR ROOSEVELT LIEUTENANT GRAHAM S RE 
 MARKSGOVERNOR ROOSEVELT S REPLY MAJOR 
 DEBEVOISE S SKETCH OF SERVICE TAPS THE 
 END. 
 
 AFTER the regiment had been mustered 
 out of service all the government pro 
 perty of which it, as an organization, was pos 
 sessed, or for which any of the individual 
 members were responsible, was either turned 
 over to the custody of the various government 
 officers, whose duty it was to take charge of it, 
 or was properly accounted for to such officers, 
 except the regimental colors. These, in re 
 sponse to the almost unanimous wish and de 
 sire of both officers and men, were retained 
 as the property of the regiment and placed in 
 the care of Colonel Hawkins. 
 
 The ex-members of the regiment, both col 
 lectively and individually, felt that they had full 
 
656 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 proprietary rights in them, and these rights 
 they wished to exercise. At that time, and for a 
 number of years subsequent thereto, the State 
 had not made any proper provision for the care 
 and safety of such flags as had been or were 
 being delivered to its representatives by the 
 returning regiments. An old fire engine-house 
 in Albany was at that time considered by the 
 State officers good enough to serve as a final 
 depository for these relics, which, during the 
 years when serving as regimental standards, 
 had been followed by the men of the various 
 organizations through march and battle, storm 
 and sunshine, summer s heat and winter s cold; 
 which were to them the visible embodiment of 
 their country, and of the cause in which they 
 were engaged, and which were considered by 
 them as almost too sacred to permit the rains 
 of heaven to fall upon. 
 
 When the survivors of the regiment formed 
 the Hawkins Zouaves Association, it was form 
 ally decided by that body that their flags which 
 had waved over them in the hour of victory, 
 and under the folds of which so many of their 
 comrades had given up their lives, would, under 
 the then existing conditions, be safer in their 
 own custody than in that of the State. 
 
 A place was provided for their safe-keeping 
 from which they were never removed except 
 
WHY THEY WERE GIVEN UP. SS7 
 
 when taken out on occasions of extraordinary 
 importance and interest to the organization of 
 survivors as a whole, as for instance, to ac 
 company the body of a deceased comrade of 
 the regiment to its last resting place, where they 
 were unfurled while " taps " were sounded over 
 the grave. They were sacredly guarded and 
 protected, as well as it was possible to do 
 so, against deterioration and decay, but a time 
 came, when owing either to the chemical action 
 of the dye with which the silk was colored 
 or to the destroying effects of time alone, the 
 fiber of which they were composed became so 
 weakened and frail that they were reduced to 
 a condition when they could no longer be 
 handled without injuring them; when they 
 could not be unfurled, no matter how carefully 
 that operation was performed, without great 
 danger of their falling to pieces. 
 
 In addition to this, the sad realization had 
 been gradually forced into the minds of 
 most of the survivors that year by year their 
 number was so rapidly diminishing that in a 
 comparatively short time none of them would 
 be left to care for them. Time, the great 
 destroyer as well as healer, had been busy 
 in their ranks in the years since the muster- 
 out. The Grim Reaper had made many calls 
 during the thirty-six years which had passed 
 
SS8 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 since then, and who can deny him when 
 these visits are made ? These considerations 
 forced the comrades at last to take action, and 
 inasmuch as a suitable and worthy place had 
 finally been prepared at the Capitol for all the 
 State flags, it was decided to deposit them 
 there. 
 
 By direction of the Executive Committee of 
 the Association the Governor of the State 
 was communicated with as follows: 
 
 HEADQUARTERS HAWKINS ZOUAVES ASSOCIATION, 
 
 No. 74 William Street, New York, April 17, 1899. 
 HON. THEODORE ROOSEVELT, 
 
 Governor State of New York. 
 
 DEAR SIR: The Battle Flags of the Ninth New York Volunteers 
 (Hawkins* Zouaves) will be deposited in the Capitol at Albany on 
 Thursday, the 2oth inst. It has always been a matter of pride to the 
 relatives and friends of the regiment, as well as to its surviving 
 members, that if any comrade should be taken away the old colors 
 would accompany his remains to his last resting place. But time and 
 former service have made sad havoc with the material of which they 
 are made, and they can now no longer be unfurled with safety. We 
 are, therefore, about to deposit them in the place reserved for their 
 perpetual care and protection. 
 
 We deem it a special privilege to perform this patriotic duty 
 during the term of your administration. You have shown your devo 
 tion to your country and its flag during the recent war with Spain, and 
 we are sure you will be better able to appreciate our feelings in parting 
 with our dear old colors. Should your public duties permit, it would 
 afford the old veterans of the Ninth the greatest pleasure to have you 
 present on this occasion with such members of your official staff as 
 could be present to witness the ceremony. 
 
 With the kindest regards and best wishes from all the comrades, 
 
 I am, most respectfully yours, 
 
 JAMES H. FOLAN, Secretary. 
 
 OFFICIAL, JAMES R. WHITING, President. 
 
 The Governor, with soldierly promptness, 
 sent the following reply : 
 
THE SURVIVORS WHO WERE PRESENT. 559 
 
 STATE OF NEW YORK, EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, 
 
 ALBANY, April 19, 1899. 
 MR. JAMES H. FOLAN, Secretary. 
 
 No. 74 William Street, New York. 
 
 MY DEAR SIR: I thank you most heartily for yours of the i7th inst. 
 I deeply appreciate the gift. Of course I shall be present with all my 
 staff that I can gather to take part in the ceremonies. 
 
 Yours sincerely, 
 
 THEODORE ROOSEVELT. 
 
 The day chosen for the ceremony, the 2Oth 
 of April, 1899, was the one following the 
 anniversary day of the regiment and on 
 which the annual reunions are held. This 
 was to enable the out-of-town comrades, who 
 were obliged to make some sacrifice of time 
 to attend the reunion, to participate in the 
 ceremonies of the flags before returning to 
 their homes, thereby avoiding an additional 
 journey for that purpose. 
 
 The following named twenty-six members 
 of the regiment left New York on the 8 : 30: 
 A.M. train for Albany on that day, to par 
 ticipate in the last parade of their old colors 
 
 Matthew J. Graham, V. M. C. Silva, Charles 
 Curie, J. C. Julius Langbein, James B. Hor- 
 ner, George W. Debevoise, James H. Folan, 
 Daniel T. Van Duser, William H. Stevens, 
 John T. Miller, William H. Rogers, George 
 W. Rogers, Louis Layman, Thomas Farley, 
 Frank Heckler, Thomas Flockton, John W. 
 Jacobus, Samuel Tait, Thomas Stapleton, 
 Frank Burke, Richard H. Jackson, George 
 
560 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 Loughlin, Peter J. L. Searing, Robert Brad 
 ley, George Teller and John Hassall. 
 
 Upon arriving at the Capitol the detachment 
 was met by an official messenger, who con 
 ducted them to the Executive Chamber where 
 they were received by the Governor with 
 Adjutant-General Andrews and others of 
 his staff. Owing to the unavoidable ab 
 sence of the President of the Association, 
 Captain James R. Whiting, the duty of form 
 ally turning over the flags to the State, de 
 volved upon Lieut. Matthew J. Graham, the 
 Vice-President. By his directions Comrade 
 Flockton, who had been chief-bugler of the 
 Ninth, sounded " the assembly " on the same 
 old bugle to the sound of which the survivors 
 present had so many times responded during 
 their term of service. At the " call " the Gov 
 ernor and staff placed themselves in front of 
 the executive desk, the delegation of survivors 
 forming a semi-circle, facing them with the 
 flags in the center. Lieutenant Graham made 
 a brief address. He stated the purpose which 
 brought them there and expressed the regrets 
 which he and his comrades, both present and 
 absent, felt that the time had at last arrived 
 when they were to be finally and forever sep 
 arated from their old colors; but that regret, 
 he said, was tempered and made less acute by 
 
GIVING UP THE FLAGS. THE SPEECHES. S61 
 
 the knowledge, which was both gratifying and 
 satisfactory, that they were being turned over 
 to the custody of the State at a time when 
 the Chief Executive was himself a soldier-com 
 rade who had also " bared his brow full in 
 Death s face," while upholding his country s 
 flag and carrying it forward to victory ; who 
 could fully appreciate the feelings of soldiers 
 who were, it might be said, attending the funeral 
 of their flags ; that he and his comrades 
 of the old regiment, while they resigned the 
 custody of these relics reluctantly, still had the 
 satisfying reflection that as they hung in their 
 places in the chamber to which they were to be 
 consigned, they would serve as an object lesson 
 to the youth of the State who might gaze upon 
 them, from which they might gather inspira 
 tions of patriotism and love of country which 
 would should the time ever come when their 
 services were needed cause them to emulate 
 the deeds of the men who followed these flags 
 on the battlefields of the Nation. 
 
 The Governor in reply said he was more 
 gratified than he could express to be permitted 
 to receive these colors and to offer homage to 
 the men who had upheld them so valiantly 
 through the bloody period of the War of the 
 Rebellion ; that while he had been a soldier it 
 was in a " little war;" that he fully realized the 
 
562 NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 difference between the so-called war in which 
 the country had just been engaged and the 
 tremendous struggle in which the men before 
 him had participated ; that the greatest regret 
 of his life had always been that he had not 
 arrived at an age when he could have taken 
 part in that struggle ; and that the height of 
 his ambition would have been reached and 
 his cup of satisfaction filled if fate had per 
 mitted him to earn the right to wear a Grand 
 Army button and to call the other wearers 
 thereof comrades. 
 
 All this was said in his own intensely earnest 
 manner, and in a way that was very gratifying 
 to the men. 
 
 Lieutenant Graham then introduced Major 
 Debevoise, who in a feeling and impres 
 sive manner sketched the history of the regi 
 ment, recounting some of the scenes through 
 which it and the old flags had passed, after 
 which Flockton was called upon and sounded 
 "taps," at which there were many suspiciously 
 moist eyes, and the old colors w r ere borne a\vay. 
 
 Governor Roosevelt then expressed a wish 
 to be presented to each of the survivors present 
 personally. This duty devolved upon Major 
 Homer, who introduced each comrade, who 
 received a cordial handshake and a few pleas 
 ant words from the Governor. This ended the 
 
THE LAST OFFICIAL ACT. 563 
 
 ceremony, and after a short time spent in social 
 converse with the Governor and the gentlemen 
 of his staff, the delegation departed to return to 
 New York. 
 
 Thus ended the last official act of the regi 
 mental organization, as the recounting of the 
 details thereof ends this history of the Ninth 
 New York Volunteers. 
 
 THE END. 
 
MUSTER-OUT ROLL 
 
MUSTER-OUT ROLL of COLONEL RUSH C. HAWKINS 
 QTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS (Infantry) 
 called into service by the President on the 4th 
 day of May 1861 for two years. Mustered out 
 at New York, N. Y., by reason of expiration of 
 term, on the 2oth day of May, 1863. 
 
 FIELD AND STAFF. 
 
 MUSTERED OUT WITH REGIMENT. 
 
 COLONEL,. 
 
 NAME. 
 
 AGE. 
 
 MUSTERED. 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 WHEN. 
 
 RANK. 
 
 Hawkins, Rush C. 
 
 29 
 
 May4, 61 
 
 Colonel 
 
 Wounded in action at Camden 
 
 N. C. 
 
 MAJOR. 
 
 Jardine, Edward 31 May4, 61 Captain Wounded in action at Camden, N. C. 
 
 Promoted major Feb. 14, 1862. 
 
 ADJUTANT. 
 
 Bartholomew, 
 Thomas L. 
 
 21 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 2d Lieut. 
 Co. B. 
 
 Wounded in action at Camden, N. 
 moted 1st lieutenant, April 20, 
 jutant Sept. 25, 1862. 
 
 C. ; pro- 
 1862, ad- 
 
 QUARTERMASTER. 
 
 Parisen, 
 
 Otto 
 
 W. 
 
 35 
 
 Oct. 4, 
 
 62 
 
 Q rmaster 
 
 
 SURGEON. 
 
 Humphreys, 
 George 
 
 H. 
 
 26 
 
 May 4/61 
 
 Surgeon 
 
 
 ASSISTANT SURGEON. 
 
 Harding , 
 
 William L. 
 
 24 
 
 Aug. 20/62 
 
 Asst. 
 Surgeon 
 
 
570 
 
 MUSTER-OUT ROLL. 
 REGIMENTAL BAND. 
 
 DRUM MAJOR. 
 
 NAME. 
 
 AGE. 
 
 MUSTERED, 
 
 REMARKS . 
 
 WHEN. | HANK. 
 
 Smith, Charles T. 
 
 - 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Drum Ma j . 
 
 Discharged, May 26, 1861, as incompetent. 
 
 BAND LEADERS. 
 
 Strachan, James C. 
 Wallace William V. 
 
 27 
 
 Aug 30, 61 
 June 15, 62 
 
 Band 
 Master 
 
 Musterd out at Washington, D. C., May 21 
 18tt. 
 Discharged by Act of Congress, 1862. 
 
 MUSICIANS. 
 
 Barnes, Cornelius 
 
 
 Aug. 1, 62 
 
 Musician 
 
 Discharged, Dec. 17, 1862 at Falniouth, Va, 
 
 Bernhardt, Carl 
 
 46 
 
 Sept. 3, 61 
 
 " 
 
 Discharged, Oct. 11, 1862. 
 
 Conway, Martin 
 
 Ellison, William J. 
 Floctoii, John M. 
 
 25 
 
 22 
 35 
 
 Aug, 30, 61 
 
 " 30, 61 
 " 1, 62 
 
 
 
 Taken prisoner at Camden, N.C. ; mustered 
 out. as paroled prisoner, May 1, 1862, at 
 Washington, D. C. 
 Discharged, Oct. 11, 1862, at Pleasant Val 
 ley, Md. 
 Discharged, Nov. 1, 1862, at Wheatland, Va. 
 
 Gier, Friedrich 
 Haines, Thomas 
 
 28 
 19 
 
 " 30, 61 ! 
 Sept. 15, 62 
 
 Discharged, Oct. 13, 1862, at Pleasant Val 
 ley, Md. 
 Discharged, Dec. 17, 1862, at Falmouth, Va. 
 
 Hoftmaim,L,udwig A. 
 
 Holland, George 
 Hughes, William H. 
 
 Keefe, William 
 L,ent, Harlan L,. 
 
 26 
 
 30 
 24 
 
 31 
 26 
 
 Men. 18, 62 
 
 Aug. 30, 61 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Aug. 30, 61 
 " 30, 61 
 
 Private 
 
 Musician 
 <i 
 
 Enlisted in 103d New York Infantry; trans 
 ferred to 9th New York, Aug. 11, 1862; dis 
 charged Dec 17, 1862, at Falniouth, Va. 
 Discharged, Aug 16, 1862, at Fredericks- 
 burg, Va 
 Transferred to band, Sept. 24, 1861; dis 
 charged at Falmouth, Sta., Va., Aug. 22, 
 1862. 
 Discharged, Feb. 28, 1862, at Roanoke 
 Island. 
 Discharged, Aug. 16, 1862, at Falmouth, Va. 
 
 Lient, Henry D. 
 
 42 
 
 " 30, 61 
 
 " 
 
 Discharged, Feb. 28, 1862, 
 
 Mar veil, Henry 
 
 30 
 
 " I, 62 
 
 
 
 Discharged, Feb. 17, 1862, at Falmouth, Va. 
 
 Mentz, Charles 
 Middleton, George 
 
 29 
 21 
 
 Mch. 12, 62 
 Aug. 30, 61 
 
 u 
 
 Enlisted in the 103d N.Y.V.; transferred to 
 this regiment; discharged, Nov. 17,1862, 
 at Warrenton Sta., Va. 
 Discharged, Oct. 13, 1862. 
 
 Miles, John T. 
 Miller, Jacob 
 
 25 
 
 May 4, 61 
 Aug. 1, 61 
 
 Private 
 Co. B. 
 
 Musician 
 
 Transferred to band,Oct. 1,1861 ; discharged, 
 Aug. 16, 1802, at Falmouth, Va. 
 Discharged, no date given. 
 
 Moss, John R. 
 
 Rodgers, Samuel D. 
 Shaw, Orin W. 
 Seaton, Daniel 
 
 42 
 
 34 
 
 27 
 21 
 
 " 30, 61 
 
 " 30, 61 
 Oct. 3. 62 
 Aug. 30, 61 
 
 " 
 
 Captured at Camden, N. C. ; mustered out 
 as paroled prisoner, at Washington, D.C., 
 May 21, 1862. 
 Discharged, Oct, 13, 1862, at Pleasant Val 
 ley, Md. 
 Discharged, Nov. 17, 1862, at Warrenton 
 Sta., Va 
 Discharged, Oct. 11, 1862. 
 
 Siinpkins, 
 Cornelius V. 
 Steele, Henry 
 
 26 
 35 
 
 Sept. 3, 61 
 Aug. 30, 61 
 
 it 
 
 " 
 
 Discharged, Oct. 11, 1862, at Pleasant Val 
 ley, Md. 
 Discharged, Aug. 25, 1862, at Falmouth, Va. 
 
MUSTER-OUT ROLL. 
 
 371 
 
 MUSICIANS. Continued. 
 
 NAME. 
 
 AGE. 
 
 MUSTERED . 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 WHEN. 
 
 RANK. 
 
 Tonge, Daniel 
 
 19 
 
 Oct. 3, 62 
 
 Musician 
 
 Discharged, Dec. 17, 1862, at Falmouth, Va. 
 
 Uphous, Peter 
 
 42 
 
 Aug. 1, 62 
 
 
 
 Discharged, Dec. 17, 1862, at Falmouth, Va. 
 
 Vives, John 
 
 38 
 
 " 20, 62 
 
 
 
 Discharged, Dec. 17, 1862, at Falmouth, Va. 
 
 Wilbur, Charles 
 
 19 
 
 Sept. 3, 61 
 
 " 
 
 Discharged, Aug. 23, 1862, at Falmouth, Va. 
 
 Wittchell. 
 Christopher 
 Worley, Henry 
 
 38 
 21 
 
 Nov. 21, 61 
 Sept. 15/62 
 
 " 
 
 Transferred from 103d N.Y.V., Aug. 11, 1862; 
 discharged, Dec. 17, 1862, at Falmouth, Va. 
 Discharged, Nov. 1, 1863, at Wheatland.Va. 
 
S68 
 
 MUSTER-OUT ROLL. 
 
 FIEIvD AND STAFF. Continued. 
 
 DISCHARGED. 
 
 LIEUT. COLONEL. 
 
 NAME. 
 
 AGE. 
 
 MUSTERED. 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 WHEN. | RANK. 
 
 Belts, George F. 
 
 34 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Lt. Col. 
 
 Resigned, Feb. 14, 1862. 
 
 ADJUTANT. 
 
 Evans, James W. 
 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Adjutant 
 
 Resigned, Feb. 23, 1862. 
 
 
 Barnett, George A. C. 
 
 21 
 
 i< < 
 
 1st Lieut. 
 Co. B 
 
 Appointed, adjutant June 18,18 
 Sept. 24, 1862. 
 
 62; resigned, 
 
 QUARTERMASTER. 
 
 Elliott, 
 
 Henry 
 
 W. 
 
 27 
 
 May 4, 
 
 61 
 
 Q rmaster 
 
 Resigned 
 
 1862. 
 
 to enter 
 
 regular 
 
 army, 
 
 Aug. 10, 
 
 CHAPLAIN. 
 
 Conway, 
 
 Tliomas W. 
 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Chaplain 
 
 Resigned Sept. 
 
 4, 1862. 
 
 ASSISTANT SURGEONS. 
 
 White, 
 
 Jabez P. 
 
 P. 
 
 - 
 
 May 
 
 16, 
 
 61 
 
 Asst 
 Surgeon 
 
 Promoted surgeon 10th New York Infantry 
 
 May 13, 1862. 
 
 DIED. 
 
 LIEUT. COLONEL. 
 
 Kimball, 
 
 Edgar 
 
 A. 
 
 38 
 
 May 4 
 
 , 61 
 
 Major 
 
 Promoted lieutenant-colonel, 
 killed at Suffolk, Va., April 
 
 Feb. 14, 
 
 12, 1863. 
 
 1862; 
 
 ADJUTANT. 
 
 Gadsden, 
 
 Charles A. 
 
 30 
 
 Mch, 5 
 
 J2/62 
 
 Adjutant 
 
 Killed in action at Camden, 
 
 N 
 
 C. 
 
 NO RECORD. 
 
 ASSISTANT SURGEON. 
 
 Buck, 
 
 Ephraim 
 
 W. 
 
 36 
 
 June 10/64 
 
 Asst. 
 Surgeon 
 
 Colonel 
 duty ; 
 
 Hawkins declined 
 no further record. 
 
 to assign him to 
 
MUSTER-OUT ROLL. 
 
 569 
 
 NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF. 
 MUSTERED OUT WITH REGIMENT. 
 
 S EKGE ANT-MA JOR. 
 
 NAME. 
 
 AGE. 
 
 MUSTERED. 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 WHEN. 
 
 RANK. 
 
 Dusenberry, 
 Augustus 
 
 24 
 
 May 12, 61 
 
 Private 
 Co. C 
 
 Promoted corporal June 1, 1861 ; sergeant* 
 Sept. 1,1861 ; sergeant-major. May 1, 1862; 
 taken prisoner at Antietam ; paroled ; 
 reported to Camp Parde, Md. ; exchanged; 
 returned to regiment Nov. 1862. 
 
 QUARTERM ASTER-SERGEANT. 
 
 Pannes, 
 
 John B. 
 
 23 
 
 May 4 
 
 , 61 
 
 Private 
 Co. A. 
 
 Promoted corporal, date not stated; ser 
 geant, Oct. 14, 1861 ; quarter-master-ser 
 geant, March 20, 1862 ; wounded in action 
 at Antietam. 
 
 COMMISSARY-SERGEANT. 
 
 Knowlsoii, Charles F. 24 May 4, 61 Private Promoted sergeant, Aug. 19, 1861; comrnis 1 
 
 Co. A sary-sergeant, Jan. 1, 1862. 
 
 HOSPITAL STEWARD. 
 
 Grobecker, 
 
 William 
 
 
 June 1, 
 
 61 
 
 Private 
 Co. A. 
 
 Promoted hospital 
 
 steward, 
 
 Nov 
 
 4, 1861. 
 
MUSTER-OUT ROLL of CAPT. ANDREW S. GRAHAM S COMPANY A, 
 
 QTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 Mustered out with the company on the 2oth day of May, 1863. 
 
 CAPTAIN. 
 
 NAME. 
 
 AGE. 
 
 MUSTERED. 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 WHEN. | RANK. 
 
 Graham, Andrew S. 
 
 26 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Captain 
 
 Wounded in action, at Camden, N 
 
 C. 
 
 1st LIEUTENANT. 
 
 Homer, James B. 
 
 21 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 1st Sergeant 
 Co. D. 
 
 Promoted 2nd lieutenant Company B, April 
 20, 1862; transferred to Company D, Nov. 
 22, 1862; promoted 1st lieutenant, Jan. 30, 
 1863; transferred to this company, March. 
 17, 1863. 
 
 3d LIEUTENANT. 
 
 Jackson, 
 
 Richard H. 
 
 19 
 
 May 4, 
 
 61 
 
 1st Sergeant 
 Co. I. 
 
 Promoted 2nd lieutenant Company D, Oct. 
 29, 1862; transferred to Company H, Nov. 
 23, 1862; and to this company, March 26, 
 1863. 
 
 1st SERGEANT. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Promoted sergeant, date not stated; 1st 
 
 Forbes, 
 
 Oliver P. 
 
 25 
 
 May 4, 
 
 61 
 
 Private 
 
 sergeant, May 25, 1862 ; wounded in 
 action at Antietam; absent in hospital; 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 (died of wound, May 31, 1863.) 
 
 SERGEANTS. 
 
 Allen, James W. 
 
 
 May 14, 61 
 
 Private 
 
 Promoted corporal, Jan. 1, 1862; sergeant, 
 
 
 
 
 
 Sept. 30, 1862. 
 
 Gould, John D. 
 
 25 
 
 " 4, 
 
 
 
 Promoted corporal, Aug. 19, 1861 ; sergeant, 
 
 
 
 
 
 Oct. 14, 1861. 
 
 Hardley, Frank 
 
 22 
 
 14 i 
 
 u 
 
 Promoted corporal, Oct. 14, 1861 ; sergeant, 
 
 
 
 
 
 May 25, 1862. 
 
 Stewart, Joseph I. 
 
 23 
 
 11 
 
 k 
 
 Promoted sergeant, April 11, 1863. 
 
 CORPORALS. 
 
 Bentley, Thomas 
 
 21 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Private 
 
 Promoted corporal, May 1, 1862. 
 
 
 Miller, Jacob 
 
 27 
 
 " 
 
 " 
 
 Promoted corporal, Aug. 19, 1861. 
 
 
 Dreyfuss, Gustav 
 
 24 
 
 " " 
 
 
 
 Promoted corporal, Sept. 30, 1862. 
 
 
 Stevens, John J. 
 
 20 
 
 " " 
 
 11 
 
 Wounded in action, at Antietam ; 
 moted corporal, Sept. 30, 1862. 
 
 pro- 
 
 MUSICIANS. 
 
 Horn, Joseph 
 Holwell, James A. 
 
 20 
 23 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Bugler 
 Drummer 
 
 Wounded in action at Antietam. 
 
MUSTER-OUT ROLL. 
 
 573 
 
 COMPANY A. Continued. Mustered out with the Company. 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 NAME. 
 
 AGE. 
 
 MUSTERED. 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 WHEN. 
 
 RANK. 
 
 Abbott, Theodore 
 
 19 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Private 
 
 
 
 Betts, Theodore 
 
 19 
 
 " 
 
 " 
 
 
 
 Brill, Jacob C. 
 
 19 
 
 i< 
 
 11 
 
 Wounded, in action at Antietam. 
 
 
 Brill, Augustus J. 
 Dolan, James 
 
 22 
 19 
 
 " " 
 
 <t 
 
 Captured at Fredericksburg, Va. ; paroled; 
 reported at Camp Parole, Md ,May 5 1863. 
 
 Drew, Peter L,. 
 Eldredge, George W. 
 
 19 
 23 
 
 : : 
 
 : 
 
 Honorable mention by Spec. Ord., Reg. 
 Qrs. 
 
 Hd. 
 
 Hyde, Robert R. 
 
 22 
 
 >. 
 
 u 
 
 
 
 Jacobus, John W. 
 
 18 
 
 Aug. 12, 61 
 
 11 
 
 
 
 Kelly, James 
 
 20 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 
 
 
 
 Kress, Severin,. 
 L,e Roy, Moses, 
 
 20 
 
 18 
 
 ,c 
 
 ,. 
 
 Wounded in action at Camden, N. C., 
 at Antietam, Md. 
 
 and 
 
 Lyoii, Charles 
 
 21 
 
 " 
 
 " 
 
 Wounded in action at Antietara. 
 
 
 McConnell, James 
 
 24 
 
 U 11 
 
 it 
 
 Wounded in action at Antietam. 
 
 
 Mergan thaler. 
 Frank C. 
 Morse, Charles W. 
 
 19 
 
 u i 
 
 u 
 
 Wounded in action at Antietam. 
 
 
 Muskulus, John 
 
 20 
 
 .1 
 
 
 
 Wounded in action at Antietam. 
 
 
 Newcomb, George E. 
 
 19 
 
 " 
 
 
 
 
 
 Parker, George 
 
 28 
 
 n u 
 
 11 
 
 
 
 Roberts, Ephraim B. 
 
 23 
 
 " 
 
 " 
 
 
 
 Schweizer, 
 Herman C. 
 Sherman, Birdsey Jj. 
 
 22 
 
 18 
 
 u 
 
 u 
 
 
 
 Smith William M. 
 
 18 
 
 Jan. 7, 62 
 
 Drummer 
 
 
 
 Snow, Frederick S. 
 
 18 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Private 
 
 
 
 Snow, George H. 
 
 18 
 
 i. 
 
 
 
 Wounded in action at Roanoke Island 
 
 
 Stage, Joseph 
 
 22 
 
 .1 
 
 " 
 
 Wounded in action at Camden, N. C. 
 
 
 Stevens, William H. 
 
 19 
 
 . i. 
 
 " 
 
 
 
 Thompson, Andrew 
 
 24 
 
 .. 
 
 11 
 
 
 
 Thompson, John 
 
 23 
 
 .4 
 
 " 
 
 Wounded in action at Antietam. 
 
 
 Vanderburgh, 
 Richard 
 Volk, William H. 
 
 28 
 21 
 
 U U 
 
 
 
 
 
 DISCHARGED. 
 
 LIEUTENANT. 
 
 Debevoise, GeorgeW. 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Sergeant 
 
 Promoted 1st sergeant, June 25, 1861; 2nd 
 lieutenant, Nov 28, 1861; wounded in 
 action at Roanoke Island, N. C.; pro 
 moted 1st lieutenant, not mustered; dis- 
 charged Aug 23, 1872, by resignation. 
 
674 
 
 MUSTER-OUT ROLL. 
 
 DISCHARGED. COMPANY A. Continued. 
 
 SERGEANTS. 
 
 NAME. 
 
 AGE. 
 
 MUSTERED. 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 WHE.V. 
 
 RANK. 
 
 Nicholls, Janats 
 Feldman, Christian 
 Salisbury, Albion V. 
 
 19 
 20 
 25 
 
 May 4, 61 
 Aug. 22, 61 
 
 1st Sergeant- 
 Sergeant 
 Private 
 
 Reduced to the ranks; promoted sergeant, 
 date not stated ; discharged for disability, 
 Aug. 19, 18fil. 
 Discharged for disability, Aug. 19, 1861. 
 Promoted corporal, March, 1H62; sergeant, 
 date not stated; wounded in action at 
 Antietam; discharged for disability, 
 April, 11, 1863. 
 
 CORPORAL. 
 
 Van Duzer, Daniel T. 
 
 23 
 
 Aug. 23, 61 
 
 Private 
 
 Promoted corporal, date not stated ; 
 wounded in action at Antietam; dis 
 charged for disability, April 7, 1863. 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 Areson, Stephen M. 
 Bom m er, Peter 
 
 24 
 
 29 
 
 Aug. 30, 62 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Private 
 Co. D. 
 Private 
 
 Transferred to this company, Oct. 25,1862; 
 discharged for disability, Dec. 31, 1862. 
 Discharged for disability, Aug. 19, 1861. 
 
 Braitmayer, Otto 
 
 19 
 
 u 
 
 
 
 Discharged for disability, Aug. 20, 1861 . 
 
 Brazier, William S. 
 
 22 
 
 " 
 
 u 
 
 Discharged for disability, Aug. 20, 1861 . 
 
 Clarke Samuel J. 
 Cooper, William S. 
 
 30 
 19 
 
 Aug. 5, 61 
 May 4, 61 
 
 ,. 
 
 Wounded in action at Antietam; dis 
 charged for disability, Jan. 10, 1863. 
 Discharged for disability, Aug. 20, 1861. 
 
 Cutter, J olin 
 Dickeiison, Chas. W. 
 
 18 
 21 
 
 Aug. 7, 61 
 May 4, 61 
 
 u 
 
 Discharged for disability, at Washington, 
 D. C., Jan. 23, 1863. 
 Discharged for disability, Aug. 20, 1861. 
 
 Dickman, Thomas 
 Donovan, Jeremiah 
 
 Drake, William H. 
 Edwards, Joseph 
 
 19 
 23 
 
 19 
 20 
 
 Aug. 14, 62 
 May 4, 61 
 
 
 
 Wounded in action at Antietam ; dis 
 charged for disability, April 21, 1863. 
 Wounded in action at Roanoke Island, N, 
 C.; discharged for disability, April 22. 
 1862. 
 Woxinded in action at Antietam; dis 
 charged for disability, Dec. 5, 1862. 
 Discharged for disability, Aug 19, 1861 . 
 
 Eldridge, John H. 
 
 25 
 
 " 
 
 " 
 
 Discharged for disability, Aug. 20, 1861. 
 
 Freeman, James C. 
 Haiselden, George 
 Hopkins, Edward 
 Hume, Huthwaite 
 
 25 
 
 19 
 
 18 
 
 Aug. 22, 61 
 May 27, 61 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Private 
 Co. I. 
 
 Musician 
 
 Wounded at Antietam; foot amputated; 
 discharged for disability, Dec. 30, 18r.2 
 Transferred to this company, Aug. 20, 1861, 
 discharged for disability, May 2, 1863. 
 Discharged for disability,at Riker s Island, 
 Mav 18, 1861. 
 Discharged for disability, Aug. 26, 1861. 
 
 Jones, Charles E. 
 Leach, Daniel W. 
 Madden, James 
 May, Marcus 
 McManus, John 
 Redfield, James H. 
 
 21 
 19 
 18 
 21 
 24 
 23 
 
 July 21, 61 
 July 30, 61 
 Aug. 6, 61 
 May 4, 61 
 Aug. 13, 62 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Private 
 
 Discharged for disability, at Roanoke Is 
 land, May 25, 1862. 
 Wounded in action at Antietam ; dis 
 charged fordisabilitv, Feb. 18, 1863. 
 Discharged for disability, Dec. 12, 1862, at 
 Fredericksburg, Va. 
 Wounded at Antietam; leg amputated ; 
 discharged for disability, Jan. 16, 1863 
 Wounded at Antietam; discharged for dis 
 ability. March, 27, 1863. 
 Discharged for disability, Aug. 19, 1861. 
 
 Relyea, Alexander L. 
 Rivers, Richard 
 
 18 
 24 
 
 Aug. 20. 61 
 " 16, 61 
 
 
 
 Wounded in action at Antietam ; dis 
 charged for disability, Oct. 22, 1862. 
 Discharged for disability, March 21, 1863. 
 
 Roberts, George W. 
 
 19 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 " 
 
 Discharged April 23, 1863 ; at Providence, 
 
MUSTER-OUT ROLL. 
 
 575 
 
 DISCHARGED. COMPANY A. Continued. 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 NAME. 
 
 AGE. 
 
 MUSTERED. 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 WHEN. 
 
 RANK. 
 
 Roff, George W. 
 
 26 
 
 Aug. 23. 61 
 
 
 
 Discharged, date not stated. 
 
 Schumacher, Gustav 
 
 27 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 " 
 
 Discharged for disability, Nov. 30, 1862. 
 
 Sickles, Benjamin T. 
 
 18 
 
 " 
 
 u 
 
 Discharged for disability, June 6, 1861. 
 
 Spreen \venburg, 
 Jacob 
 Stage, David L. 
 
 Williams, John N. 
 
 19 
 24 
 21 
 
 May 26, 61 
 
 - 
 
 Discharged for disability, Aug. 20, 1861. 
 
 Wounded in action at Antietam ; dis 
 charged for disability. Dec. 15, 1862. 
 Discharged for disability, Jan. 10, 1863. 
 
 TRANSFERRED 
 To 30 REGIMENT, N. Y. Volunteer Infantry, May 6, 1863. 
 
 CORPORALS. 
 
 Bullinger, Charles E. 
 Fitzgerald, James L,. 
 Rotche, Robert A. 
 
 20 
 2^ 
 19 
 
 Aug. 24, 61 
 " 20, 61 
 
 " 21, 61 
 
 Private 
 
 Promoted corporal, April 8, 1863. 
 Promoted corporal, Sept. 30, 1862. 
 Promoted corporal, April 11, 1863. 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 Acker, Burlin M. 
 
 20 
 
 Aug. 21, 61 
 
 Private 
 
 
 Adrian, Robert J. 
 
 27 
 
 " 15, 62 
 
 " 
 
 
 Appleby, William 
 
 19 
 
 " 13, 62 
 
 " 
 
 
 Barker, James E. 
 Bates, William H. 
 
 22 
 
 22 
 
 Oct. 6, 62 
 Aug. 29, 61 
 
 Private 
 Co. D. 
 Private 
 
 Transferred to this company, Oct. 25, 186?. 
 
 Boness, John N. 
 
 24 
 
 Sept. 3, 61 
 
 " 
 
 
 Boness, William 
 
 27 
 
 
 
 11 
 
 
 Dayis. William 
 
 23 
 
 Oct. 1, 61 
 
 
 
 
 Dixon, George 
 
 30 
 
 Aug. 10, 61 
 
 it 
 
 
 Dobbs, Andrew B. 
 
 19 
 
 11 19, 61 
 
 " 
 
 Wounded in action at Antietam. 
 
 Doughty, Zeblon, 
 
 24 
 
 " 27, 62 
 
 " 
 
 
 Fitzgerald. 
 Michael E. 
 Foster, George A. 
 
 25 
 24 
 
 " 12, 61 
 " 26, 61 
 
 .. 
 
 
 Galvin, John 
 
 27 
 
 " 20, 62 
 
 " 
 
 
 Gilley, John 
 
 25 
 
 u 20, 61 
 
 " 
 
 Wounded in action at Antietam. 
 
 Harvey, John S. 
 Henry, Luther 
 
 22 
 
 19 
 
 Oct. 6, 62 
 Aug. 5, 61 
 
 Private 
 Co. D. 
 Private 
 
 Transferred to this company, Oct 25, 1862. 
 
 Heron, John 
 
 25 
 
 " 17, 61 
 
 " 
 
 
 Jones, Humphrey D. 
 
 20 
 
 " 27, 62 
 
 " 
 
 Transferred to Morris Battery, May 3, 63. 
 
576 
 
 MUSTER-OUT ROLL. 
 
 TRANSFERRED. COMPANY A. Continued. 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 NAME. 
 
 AGE. 
 
 MUSTERED. 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 WHEN. | RANK. 
 
 Jordan, Stephen Li. 
 
 18 
 
 Aug. 27, 62 
 
 Private 
 
 
 Kalhar, James 
 
 28 
 
 " 13, 62 
 
 " 
 
 
 Mott, John W. 
 
 25 
 
 " 5, 61 
 
 " 
 
 
 Mullen, Henry 
 
 24 
 
 Sept. 3, 61 
 
 " 
 
 
 O Brien, John 
 
 24 
 
 Aug. 23, 61 
 
 Private 
 
 Transferred to this company, Oct. 26, 1862: 
 
 Ramsey, George 
 
 22 
 
 Sept. 1, 62 
 
 Co. I. 
 Private 
 
 transferred to Morris 1 Battery, May 3, 1863. 
 
 Seguine, Joseph G. 
 
 21 
 
 Aug. 26, 62 
 
 
 
 
 Skidmore, Eugene H. 
 
 19 
 
 July 27, 61 
 
 11 
 
 
 Suiften, 
 
 19 
 
 " 30, 61 
 
 u 
 
 
 Mortimore M. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Stinsoii, William 
 
 29 
 
 Aug. 20, 62 
 
 Private 
 
 Wounded in action at Antietam ; trans 
 
 Vandervoort, 
 Richard 
 
 30 
 
 " 15, 61 
 
 " 
 
 ferred to Morris Battery, May 3, 1863 ; 
 Wounded in action at Antietam. 
 
 Vervaleii , 
 
 19 
 
 " 13, 61 
 
 " 
 
 Wounded in action at Antietam . 
 
 Abraham D. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Vincilette, Edward 
 
 29 
 
 " 23, 61 
 
 " 
 
 
 DIED. 
 
 SERGEANT. 
 
 Watson, James H. 
 
 23 
 
 Sept. 2, 61 
 
 Private 
 
 Promoted corporal, Oct 14, 1861 ; sergeant, 
 Jan. 9, 1862; killed in action at Antietam. 
 
 CORPORALS. 
 
 Cameron, Robert H. 
 Van Cott, David 
 
 23 
 25 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 41 4, 61 
 
 Private 
 
 Promoted corporal, Oct. 14, 1861; died of 
 disease, Nov. 30, 1861. 
 Promoted corporal, Aug. 19, 1861; died of 
 wound received in action at Antietam, 
 Sept. 29, 1862 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 Banta, William H. 
 Bennett, Charles 
 
 19 
 21 
 
 May 4, 61 
 Aug. 23, 62 
 
 Private 
 Co. F. 
 Private 
 
 Transferred to this company, June 1, 1861 ; 
 killed in action at Camden, N. C. 
 Killed in action at Antietam. 
 
 Eavers, James 
 
 31 
 
 " 13, 61 
 
 " 
 
 Died at Camp Wool, Hatteras Inlet. 
 
 Hildebrant, Geo. H. 
 
 
 July 22, 62 
 
 " 
 
 Killed in action at Antietam. 
 
 Ott, Jacob 
 
 19 
 
 May 26, 61 
 
 " 
 
 Died at Camp Wool, Hatteras Inlet. 
 
 Stephens, John G. 
 
 19 
 
 Aug. 15, 62 
 
 " 
 
 Killed in action at Antietam. 
 
 Turner Joseph G. 
 
 43 
 
 June 20, 61 
 
 " 
 
 Killed in action at Antietam . 
 
 Voorhees, 
 Jeremiah F. 
 Walter, Charles H. 
 
 20 
 22 
 
 May 4, 61 
 " 4, 61 
 
 
 
 Wounded in action at Camden, N. C. ; died 
 while at home on furlough. 
 Died of woxind received in action at Cam 
 den, N. C. 
 
MUSTER-OUT ROLL. 
 
 577 
 
 COMPANY A. Continued. 
 
 DESERTED. 
 
 NAME. 
 
 AGE. 
 
 MUSTERED. 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 WHEN. | RANK. 
 
 Alpers, Henry W. 
 Dodson, William 
 
 22 
 
 11 
 
 May 4, 61 
 " 4, 61 
 
 Corporal 
 Private 
 
 Transferred from Company C.Sept. 15, 1861 ; 
 deserted, Aug. 20, 1862 
 Deserted at Ricker s Island, May 20, 1861. 
 
 Rogers, George L,. 
 
 28 
 
 " 4, 61 
 
 " 
 
 Deserted at Ricker s Island, May 30, 1861. 
 
 Whitmore. 
 Thomas F. 
 
 19 
 
 " 4, 61 
 
 " 
 
 Deserted at New York City, June 5, 1861. 
 
 NOT PRESENT. 
 
 l>uell, James 
 Topping, Robert R. 
 
 30 
 
 18 
 
 Aug. 26 
 May 4, 
 
 , 62 
 61 
 
 Private 
 
 Taken prisoner at Antietam; paroled and 
 exchanged, no further record. 
 Taken prisoner at Antietam; paroled and 
 exchanged, no further record. 
 
MUSTER-OUT ROLL of CAPT. WILLIAM G. BARNETT S COMPANY B. 
 
 9TH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 Mustered out with the company, on the 2oth day of May, 1863. 
 
 CAPTAIN. 
 
 NAME. 
 
 AGE. 
 
 MUSTERED. 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 WHEN. 
 
 RANK. 
 
 Barnett, William G. 
 
 24 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Captain 
 
 Wounded in action at Antietarn. 
 
 1st LIEUTENANT. 
 
 Herbert, 
 
 George 
 
 H. 
 
 25 
 
 May 4, 
 
 61 
 
 1st. 
 
 Sergeant 
 
 Promoted 2d lieutenant 
 1st lieutenant, Nov. 14, 
 
 , Dec. 
 
 1864. 
 
 23d, 
 
 1861; 
 
 3d LIEUTENANT. 
 
 I>ews, Edwin 
 
 Promoted 1st sergeant, Dec. 23, 1861; 
 22 | May 4, 61 I Sergeant I wounded in action at Antietam; pro 
 moted 2d lieutenant, Sept. 30th, 1862. 
 
 SERGEANTS. 
 
 Rogers, William J. 
 Smith, Edgar A. 
 
 19 
 24 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Private 
 Sergeant 
 
 Promoted corporal, May 1, 
 in action at Antietam; 
 geant, Jan. 1, 1863. 
 
 1862; wounded 
 promoted ser- 
 
 Miller, John T. 
 
 25 
 
 " 
 
 " 
 
 
 
 Murray, George 
 
 22 
 
 " 
 
 Corporal 
 
 Promoted sergeant, Jan. 1, 
 
 1862. 
 
 CORPORALS. 
 
 Boltz, Michael 
 
 19 
 
 May 4, 
 
 61 
 
 Private 
 
 Promoted corporal, Oct. 1, 1862. 
 
 
 Molloy, Albert W. 
 
 21 
 
 " 
 
 1 
 
 " 
 
 Promoted corporal, Nov. 15, 1862. 
 
 Rassiga, Augustus 
 
 19 
 
 Aug. 26 
 
 , 61 
 
 " 
 
 Wounded in action at Camden, 
 moted corporal Oct. 1, 186^. 
 
 N. C.; pro- 
 
 Roeder, Charles R. 
 
 19 
 
 May 4, 
 
 61 
 
 
 
 Wounded in action at Antietam 
 
 ; promoted 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 corporal, Jan. 1, 1863. 
 
 
 Wehmaii, Clemens 
 
 29 
 
 u 
 
 
 
 Piomoted corporal, Jan. 1, 1863 
 
 
 MUSICIANS. 
 
 Avey, Timothy 
 
 Langbein, 
 J. C. Julius 
 
 16 
 15 
 
 Jan. 5, 62 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Musician 
 Drummer 
 
 Transferred from 103d New York, Jan. 15, 
 1863. 
 Received medal of honor for gallantry at 
 Camden, N, C. 
 
MUSTER-OUT ROLL. 
 
 579 
 
 COMPANY B Continued. Mustered out with the Company. 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 NAME. 
 
 AGE. 
 
 MUSTERED. 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 WHEN. RANK. 
 
 Aclair, John B. 
 
 30 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Private 
 
 Wounded in action at Antietam. 
 
 Andeson, Mott 
 
 19 
 
 u 
 
 " 
 
 
 Atkinson, Thomas 
 
 19 
 
 " " 
 
 
 
 Wounded in action at Antietam. 
 
 Burgh, Adolph 
 
 22 
 
 .. 
 
 ... 
 
 
 Carpenter,Ed ward E. 
 
 20 
 
 " 
 
 l 
 
 
 Degeman, David D. 
 
 18 
 
 .. 
 
 
 
 
 Ditterlen, Louis 
 
 18 
 
 
 " 
 
 
 Dorber, George 
 
 20 
 
 
 " 
 
 
 Dysert, John W. 
 
 24 
 
 u 
 
 " 
 
 
 Enever, Hugh 
 
 23 
 
 
 
 
 Fisher, Thomas 
 
 20 
 
 i 
 
 " 
 
 Wounded in action at Antietam. 
 
 Godfrey, Edward 
 
 22 
 
 
 
 
 
 Good, Michael 
 
 20 
 
 
 
 " 
 
 Wounded in action at Antietam . 
 
 Grant, Richard 
 
 22 
 
 u ,, 
 
 
 
 Wounded in action at Antietam . 
 
 Greer, George W. 
 
 18 
 
 " 
 
 " 
 
 
 Hampson, John H. 
 
 19 
 
 u 
 
 " 
 
 Wounded in action at Camden, N. C. 
 
 Haring, David C. 
 
 20 
 
 Aug. 5, 61 
 
 
 
 Mustered out to date August 5, 1863 . 
 
 Harris, Spencer L,. 
 
 
 May 30, 61 
 
 
 
 Wounded in action at Antietam. 
 
 Hyatt, James H. 
 
 21 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 " 
 
 Wounded in action at Antietam. 
 
 Johnson, John F. 
 
 22 
 
 
 
 " 
 
 
 Low, James 
 
 22 
 
 " 
 
 
 
 Wounded in action at Antietam. 
 
 M alcom, Joseph 
 
 19 
 
 .. 
 
 
 
 
 Michell, Francis D. 
 
 19 
 
 
 
 11 
 
 
 Neil, James 
 
 19 
 
 " G, 61 
 
 " 
 
 
 Newell, Garry T. 
 
 
 " 4 (SI 
 
 
 Oshorne, Samuel 
 
 20 
 
 " 
 
 
 
 Discharged for disability, Aug. 20, 1861, at 
 Newport News, Va.; re-enlisted Jan. 21, 
 
 
 
 
 
 1862; wounded in action at Antietam. 
 
 Parker, George 
 
 18 
 
 " " 
 
 ** 
 
 
 Parker, James 
 
 19 
 
 .. 
 
 
 
 
 Pfaffle, Frederic 
 
 20 
 
 " 
 
 
 Wounded in action at Antietam, 
 
 Porter, Albert E. 
 
 18 
 
 " 
 
 " 
 
 
 Reed, Thomas 
 
 31 
 
 u 
 
 
 
 
 Roberts, John H. 
 
 20 
 
 u 
 
 " 
 
 Wounded in action at Antietam. 
 
 See, John 
 
 19 
 
 .1 
 
 
 
 Spooner, Arthur 
 
 26 
 
 U li 
 
 11 
 
 Wounded in action at Camden, N. C. 
 
 Stanton, Michael 
 
 19 
 
 " u 
 
 " 
 
 Wounded in action at Antietam. 
 
 Thomas, Albert 
 
 24 
 
 u 
 
 . 
 
 Wounded in action at Roanoke Island, 
 
 
 
 
 N. C. 
 
S80 
 
 MUSTER-OUT ROLL. 
 COMPANY B. Continued. Mustered out with the Company. 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 NAME. 
 
 AGE. 
 
 MUSTERED, 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 WHEN. 
 
 RANK. 
 
 Wagner, Peter 
 
 19 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Private 
 
 Wounded in action at Antietam. 
 
 Wettlaufer, John 
 
 18 
 
 .. 
 
 11 
 
 
 Whitney, Isaac 
 
 23 
 
 " * 
 
 " 
 
 
 TRANSFERRED 
 
 To 313 RKGIMKNT, N. Y. Volunteer Infantry, May 6, 1863. 
 
 1st SERGEANT. 
 
 Schmidt, Hugo 
 
 34 Aug. 15, 61 Private Promoted corporal, Jan. 1,1862; sergeant, 
 May 1, 1862; 1st sergeant, Nov. 24, 1862. 
 
 SERGEANT. 
 
 Cornell, 
 
 George D. 
 
 28 
 
 Aug 
 
 16, 
 
 61 
 
 Private 
 
 Promoted corporal, Oct. 11 
 Nov. 24, 1862; transferred 
 sioned staff. 
 
 , 1861; sergeant, 
 to non-cornrnis- 
 
 CORPORALS. 
 
 Bailey, 
 
 William 
 
 H. 
 
 19 
 
 Aug. 10, 
 
 61 
 
 Private 
 
 Promoted corporal, Jan. 
 
 1, 
 
 1863; 
 
 wounded 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 in action at Antietam. 
 
 
 
 
 Farrell, 
 
 George 
 
 W. 
 
 19 
 
 " 12, 
 
 (11 
 
 11 
 
 Promoted corporal, May 
 
 1, 
 
 1862; 
 
 wounded 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 in action at Antietam, 
 
 
 
 
 Parker, 
 
 Smith S 
 
 
 40 
 
 July 1, 
 
 Y,1 
 
 " 
 
 Promoted corporal, April 
 
 11, 
 
 1862. 
 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 Brill, John N. 
 
 23 
 
 Sept. 22, 62 
 
 Private 
 
 
 Cairns, John A. 
 
 19 
 
 " 26, 62 
 
 11 
 
 
 Collins. John M. 
 
 
 June 2, 61 
 
 " 
 
 
 Creech, John 
 
 21 
 
 Sept. 27, 62 
 
 " 
 
 
 Doyle, John J. 
 
 21 
 
 Aug. 16, 61 
 
 " 
 
 
 Folan, James H. 
 
 21 
 
 June 2, 61 
 
 " 
 
 
 Hamilton, Joseph 
 
 19 
 
 Aug. 17, 61 
 
 " 
 
 
 Hines, William 
 Howard, George 
 Hogan, John J. 
 Hubhell, Silliman J. 
 
 20 
 21 
 19 
 
 June 2, 61 
 Sept. 2, 61 
 Aug. 22, 62 
 " 12, 61 
 
 Private 
 Co. I. 
 Private 
 
 Wounded by accident at Newport News, 
 Va. 
 Sentenced by general court martial to con 
 finement in Rip Raps. 
 Transferred to this company, Oct. 26, 1862. 
 
 Wounded in action at Antietam. 
 
 Johnson, Robert 
 
 21 
 
 " 16, 61 
 
 u 
 
 To Company B, 15th Michigan Infantry. 
 
MUSTER-OUT ROLL. 
 
 581 
 
 TRANSFERRED. COMPANY B. Continued. 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 NAME. 
 
 AGE. 
 
 MUSTERED. 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 WHEN. | RANK. 
 
 Kane, Michael 
 
 20 
 
 Sept. 27, 62 
 
 Private 
 
 
 Kiiowles, John W. 
 
 29 
 
 " 24, 62 
 
 " 
 
 
 McCarty, Alexander 
 
 19 
 
 " 26, 62 
 
 " 
 
 
 Moran, James E. 
 Pfaffle, William 
 
 21 
 21 
 
 " 12, 62 
 Aug. 27, 61 
 
 Private 
 Co. I. 
 
 Private 
 
 Transferred to this company, Oct. 26, 1862 ; 
 wounded in action at Fredericksburg, 
 Ya. 
 Wounded in action at Antietam. 
 
 Rogers, George W. 
 
 18 
 
 Sept 23, 62 
 
 " 
 
 
 Schlecht, Charles 
 
 19 
 
 u 26, 62 
 
 " 
 
 
 Schooiimaker, 
 Andrew 
 
 34 
 
 Aug. 15, 61 
 
 it 
 
 Wounded in action at Camden, N. C. 
 
 Simpson, William H. 
 
 18 
 
 " 20, 61 
 
 u 
 
 
 Smith, John 
 
 34 
 
 " 22, 61 
 
 " 
 
 Wounded in action at Antietara . 
 
 Travis, William W. 
 
 18 
 
 " 19, 61 
 
 " 
 
 
 Wightman, 
 Edward K. 
 
 27 
 
 " 30, 62 
 
 " 
 
 
 DISCHARGED. 
 
 SERGEANT. 
 
 Whitney, John H. E. 
 
 20 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Corporal 
 
 Promoted sergeant; date not stated; 
 wounded in action at Antietam; dis 
 charged for disability, June 4, 1863. 
 
 MUSICIAN. 
 
 McClelland, Michael 16 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Musician 
 
 May 20, 1861, for disability. 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 Bogart, John A, 
 
 Buckmaster, 
 Robert M. 
 Cordnan, Morgan 
 
 Cortelyou, 
 William H. 
 Eagleson, William 
 
 22 
 31 
 21 
 19 
 24 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Aug. 10, 61 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Corporal 
 Private 
 
 Aug. 31, 1862, by promotion to lieutenant- 
 colonel 127th New York Infantry. 
 May 2, 1363, for disability, at Ladies Home 
 Hospital, New York. 
 Aug. 20, 1861, for disability. 
 Wounded in action and captured at Cam- 
 den, N. C.; leg amputated; discharged 
 for disability, May 20, 1863. 
 May 20, 1861, for disability. 
 
 French, BanjaminH. 
 Haggett, Samuel 
 Jones A. H. 
 Madden, Martin 
 
 24 
 
 22 
 19 
 
 u 30, 61 
 
 4, 61 
 
 
 
 Nov. 29. 1862, for disability, at Philadel 
 phia, Pa. 
 Aug. 21, 1861, for disability, at Newport 
 News, Va. 
 Jan. 20, 1863, at Newark, N. J., for disa 
 bility. 
 Nov. 18, 1861, at Hatteras, for disability. 
 
582 
 
 MUSTER-OUT ROLL. 
 
 DISCHARGED. COMPANY B. Continued. 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 NAME. 
 
 AGE. 
 
 MUSTERED. 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 WHEN. | RANK. 
 
 Messinger, Peter A. 
 Miller, Charles R. 
 
 Morgan, Albert 
 Palmer, Thomas A. 
 
 Rowe, Henry 
 
 19 
 22 
 
 19 
 22 
 
 20 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Sept. 13, 62 
 Aug. 9, 61 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Private 
 
 Aug. 20, 1861, at Newport News, Va., for 
 disability. 
 Wounded in action at Camden, N.C.; dis 
 charged. Jan. 8, 1863, at Falmouth, Va., 
 for disability. 
 Jan. 5, 1863, at Falmouth, Va., for disa 
 bility. 
 Wounded in action at Roanoke Island, 
 N. C ; discharged Jan. 3, 1863, at Wash 
 ington, D. C., for disability. 
 Aug. 30, 1862, for disability. 
 
 Ryiies, James 
 
 18 
 
 Aug. 6, 61 
 
 " June 9, 1862, for disability. 
 
 Sampson, John A. 
 
 19 
 
 " 10, "61 
 
 11 
 
 June 9, 1862, for disability. 
 
 Sill, Byron G. 
 Smith, William H. 
 
 Valliere, Michael 
 Winchell, George AV. 
 
 19 
 21 
 22 
 
 May 4, 61 
 Aug. 2, 61 
 
 July 31, 61 
 June 2, 61 
 
 
 
 Captured at Antietam ; confined at Rich 
 mond; paroled; discharged as paroled 
 prisoner, Nov. 8, 1862. 
 Dishonorably discharged by sentence of 
 general court martial, June 16, 1862 
 (Drummed out). 
 For disability, March 22, 1862, at Roanoke 
 Island, N. C. 
 For disability, July 3, 1861, at Newport 
 News. 
 
 DESERTED. 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 Allen, Montague 
 Barry, David 
 
 24 
 
 May 4, 61 
 Oct. 4, 62 
 
 Private 
 
 April 15, 1862, at General Hospital, Fortress 
 Monroe. Va. 
 Nov. 22, 1862. 
 
 Bright, Henry 
 Conroy, John 
 
 23 
 20 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 :: 
 
 March 1, 1863, at general hospital, Fortress, 
 Monroe, Va 
 May 25, 1861, at Riker s Island, N. Y. 
 
 Jones, Robert 
 
 22 
 
 " 
 
 " 
 
 May 10, 1861, at New York City. 
 
 O Connor, Michael 
 
 21 
 
 ,i 
 
 " 
 
 Wounded in action at Camden, N. C. ; de- 
 
 DIED. 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 Corte/, John A. 
 
 21 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Private 
 
 Killed in action at Antietam. 
 
 Ginther, William 
 
 32 
 
 Aug. 17, 61 
 
 " 
 
 Killed in action at Antietam. 
 
 Hutchinson, Harold 
 
 22 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 11 
 
 Killed in action at Camden, N. C. 
 
 Lindtner, Mathias 
 
 19 
 
 " " 
 
 " 
 
 Killed in action at Antietam. 
 
MUSTER-OUT ROLL. 
 
 583 
 
 DIED. COMPANY B. Continued. 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 NAME. 
 
 AGE. 
 
 MUSTERED. 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 WHEN. | RANK. 
 
 Moser, William S. 
 
 19 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Private 
 
 Died of wounds received at Antietam. 
 
 Rassiga, Eugene 
 
 18 
 
 U it 
 
 " 
 
 Killed in action at Antietam. 
 
 Roseberry, 
 Thomas H. 
 Schaeft er, John 
 
 18 
 22 
 
 Aug. 5, 61 
 
 " 17, 61 
 
 ( i 
 
 Died of disease, Dec. 16, 1862, at Falmouth, 
 Va. 
 Killed in action at Antietam. 
 
 Spicer, Napoleon B. 
 
 21 
 
 May 2, 61 
 
 " 
 
 Killed in action at Antietam . 
 
 MISSING IN ACTION. 
 
 PRIVATE. 
 
 Hewett, 
 
 Elias 
 
 18 
 
 July 31, 
 
 61 
 
 Private 
 
 At 
 
 Antietam ; 
 
 no 
 
 further 
 
 record. 
 
MUSTER-OUT ROLL of CAPT. VICTOR KLINGSOEHR S COMPANY C, 
 9TH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 
 Mustered out with the company, May 2oth, 1863. 
 
 CAPTAIN. 
 
 NAME. 
 
 AGE 
 
 MUSTERED. 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 WHEN. 
 
 RANK. 
 
 Klingsoehr, Victor 
 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 2d Lieut. 
 Co. A. 
 
 Promoted 
 wounded 
 captain, 
 
 1st 
 in 
 Aug 
 
 lieutenant 
 action at 
 10, 1862. 
 
 , Dec. 24, 
 Camden, N 
 
 1861; 
 C.; 
 
 1st LIEUTENANT. 
 
 Powell, 
 
 Frank 
 
 22 
 
 May 4, 
 
 61 
 
 Sergeant 
 
 Promoted 2nd lieutenant, 
 1st lieutenant, Nov. 1st 
 
 March, 
 
 , 1862. 
 
 15, 
 
 1862; 
 
 3d LIEUTENANT. 
 
 Jacobshon, 
 
 Louis 
 
 29 
 
 May 4, 
 
 61 
 
 Sergeant 
 
 Wounded in action at Antietam ; 
 2nd lieutenant, Oct. 22, 1862. 
 
 promoted 
 
 1st SERGEANT. 
 
 Geayer, 
 
 James 
 
 A. 
 
 20 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Sergeant 
 
 Promoted 1st sergeant. March 
 wounded in action at Antietam. 
 
 18, 1862; 
 
 SERGEANTS. 
 
 Cooley, Dawson W. 
 Field, Joshua C. 
 
 Malcolm, Samuel L. 
 Witz, Joseph 
 
 21 
 21 
 
 19 
 21 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Corporal 
 Private 
 
 Promoted sergeant, June 1, 1861; reduced, 
 Oct. 31, 1862; promoted corporal, Jan. 3, 
 1863; sergeant, Feb. 12, 1863. 
 Promoted corporal, Sept. 1, 1861; sergeant, 
 Oct 31. 1862; wounded in action at 
 Antietam. 
 Promoted corporal, Aug. 11, 18G2; sergeant, 
 Jan. 1, 1863. 
 Promoted corporal, May 5, 1861; sergeant, 
 Junel, 1861. 
 
 CORPORALS. 
 
 Fox, Frederick 
 Koch, Edward 
 Lloyd, William 
 Morschanser, John A . 
 
 19 
 
 19 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Private 
 
 Sergeant 
 
 Promoted corporal, Feb. 12, 1863. 
 Promoted corporal, Jan. 1, 1863. 
 Promoted corporal, Jan. 1, 1863. 
 
 Transferred from Company F as private, 
 May 1, 1862; promoted corporal, Oct. 31, 
 1862. 
 
MUSTER-OUT ROLL. 
 
 885 
 
 COMPANY C. Continued. Mustered out with the Company. 
 CORPORALS. 
 
 NAME. 
 
 AGE. 
 
 MUSTERED. 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 WHEN. 
 
 RANK. 
 
 Murray, James 
 
 24 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Private 
 
 Promoted corporal, Jan. 1, 1863. 
 
 Roe, Charles 
 
 31 
 
 ii 
 
 " 
 
 Promoted corporal, Sept. 1, 1862. 
 
 Van Amburg, John 
 
 18 
 
 " 
 
 11 
 
 Promoted corporal, Feb. 12, 1863. 
 
 Witterman, Adam 
 
 21 
 
 " " 
 
 11 
 
 Promoted corporal, Feb. 12, 1863. 
 
 MUSICIANS. 
 
 Relck, Theodore 
 Blinn, William H. 
 
 16 
 21 
 
 Oct. 14, 61 
 July 31, 61 
 
 Drummer 
 103d N. Y. 
 Private 
 
 Transferred to Company C, this regiment, 
 Jan. 15, 1863. 
 Appointed bugler in May, 1862. 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 Aber, William B. 
 
 
 June 1, 61 
 
 Private 
 
 Wounded in action at Antietam. 
 
 Alberts, Robert H. 
 Beeler, Joseph 
 
 22 
 
 20 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Corporal 
 Private 
 
 Regimental commissary sergeant from 
 Sept. 1, 1861, to June 16, 1862. 
 Wounded in action at Camden, N. C. 
 
 Bennett, Alfred 
 
 20 
 
 " " 
 
 11 
 
 
 Casey, James A. 
 
 18 
 
 .< ii 
 
 11 
 
 
 Caster, Edward 
 
 18 
 
 " 
 
 11 
 
 
 Chandler, Charles L,. 
 Clerihew, Paul J. 
 
 32 
 
 21 
 
 i< 
 
 : 
 
 Quartermaster sergeant from Dec. 5, 1861, 
 to March 19, 1862. 
 Wounded in action at Antietam. 
 
 Crawford, StephenH. 
 
 21 
 
 .. 
 
 Corporal 
 
 Wounded in action at Antietam. 
 
 Cross, Frank 
 
 19 
 
 i 
 
 Private 
 
 
 Cunningham, John 
 
 19 
 
 " 
 
 " 
 
 
 Doyle, Patrick J. 
 
 25 
 
 ii i 
 
 11 
 
 
 Duffy, James 
 
 19 
 
 " 12, 61 
 
 11 
 
 
 Dwight, Delos 
 
 20 
 
 " 4, 61 
 
 11 
 
 
 Flam, John 
 
 20 
 
 ii 11 
 
 " 
 
 
 Flowers, James W. 
 
 26 
 
 " 
 
 11 
 
 
 Frederick, Gustavus 
 
 19 
 
 " n 
 
 " 
 
 
 Gass, Phillip, 
 
 20 
 
 " " 
 
 ** 
 
 
 Gausmanii, John H. 
 
 19 
 
 " " 
 
 11 
 
 
 Johnson, Redmond 
 
 21 
 
 i, 
 
 " 
 
 
 Kennedy, Edward 
 
 21 
 
 " 6, 61 
 
 11 
 
 
 Kilmer, Moses C. 
 
 19 
 
 " 4, 61 
 
 " 
 
 
 Lindner, Nicholas 
 
 19 
 
 ii 
 
 " 
 
 Promoted corporal, Sept. 1, 1861. 
 
 MacNab, Alexander 
 
 18 
 
 " " 
 
 11 
 
 Wounded in action at Antietam. 
 
S86 
 
 MUSTER-OUT ROLL. 
 
 COMPANY C. Continued. Mustered out with the Company. 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 NAME. 
 
 AGE. 
 
 MUSTERED. 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 WHEN. | RANK. 
 
 Madigaii, Daniel 
 
 20 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Private 
 
 
 McCabe, George 
 
 18 
 
 Aug. 12, 61 
 
 " 
 
 Wounded in action at Antietam. 
 
 Meyers, Martin 
 
 Morehead, 
 William R. 
 Morscliauser, George 
 
 23 
 19 
 
 18 
 
 : : 
 
 : 
 
 Wounded in action at Camden, N. C.; 
 promoted corporal, June 16, 1862. 
 
 Wounded in action at Antietam. 
 
 O Brien, Daniel 
 
 19 
 
 u 
 
 " 
 
 Wounded in action at Antietam . 
 
 Opdyke, Samuel 
 
 25 
 
 " 
 
 11 
 
 
 Pauly, Christian 
 
 20 
 
 
 
 " 
 
 
 Ryan, John 
 
 19 
 
 " 
 
 " 
 
 
 Stephens, Elsden B. 
 Taylor, Henry W. 
 Thomas, Charles E. 
 
 19 
 35 
 21 
 
 .4 U 
 
 Private 
 Co. K. 
 Private 
 
 Promoted corporal, June 20, 1862; wounded 
 in action at Antietam. 
 Transferred to this company, May 6, 1861. 
 
 Vaiiderwerken, 
 George 
 Weber, Andrew 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 i* U 
 
 Private 
 Co. I 
 Private 
 
 Transferred to this company, May 5, 1861 . 
 
 Witz, Paul 
 
 23 
 
 " 
 
 11 
 
 Wounded in action at Camden, N. C. 
 
 TRANSFERRED 
 To 30 REGIMENT, N. Y. Volunteer Infantry, May 6, 1863. 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 Aston, John 
 
 18 
 
 Sept. 2, 61 
 
 Private 
 
 
 Brannon, John J. 
 
 19 
 
 Aug. 16, 61 
 
 " 
 
 Wounded in action at Antietam. 
 
 Breitnoii, John 
 
 21 
 
 H 12, 61 
 
 " 
 
 
 Bridges, Richard 
 
 35 
 
 4, 61 
 
 " 
 
 
 Campbell, James 
 
 21 
 
 Oct. 15, 62 
 
 " 
 
 
 Cruden, Alexander B. 
 
 18 
 
 Aug. 19, 62 
 
 " 
 
 Wounded in action at Antietam. 
 
 Curtin, Robert R. 
 
 25 
 
 " 15, 62 
 
 
 
 
 Davis, William II. 
 
 19 
 
 Oct. 22, 62 
 
 " 
 
 
 Degenhardt,HenryA. 
 
 28 
 
 Aug. 12, 62 
 
 " 
 
 
 Farrell, Michael 
 
 21 
 
 " 23, 61 
 
 
 
 
 Greenhalgh, Squire 
 
 22 
 
 " 12/61 
 
 
 
 
 Hay ward, Leonard II 
 
 21 
 
 " 10, 61 
 
 
 
 Hopkins, Edward 
 
 20 
 
 Oct. 14, 62 
 
 " 
 
 
 Johnson, David 
 
 24 
 
 Aug. 2, 61 
 
 " 
 
 
MUSTER-OUT ROLL. 
 TRANSFERRED. COMPANY C. Continued. 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 887 
 
 NAME 
 
 AGE. 
 
 MUSTERED. 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 WHEN. | RANK. 
 
 Keenan, Phillip 
 
 21 
 
 Oct. 23, 62 
 
 
 
 
 Lambrccht, Phillip 
 
 16 
 
 Aug. 12, 61 
 
 " 
 
 
 Lotan, James 
 
 18 
 
 i. 
 
 11 
 
 
 Madden, George 
 
 20 
 
 " 23, 61 
 
 " 
 
 
 Madden, William A. 
 
 21 
 
 Sept. 20, 62 
 
 " 
 
 
 McCullough, Francis 
 
 24 
 
 Aug. 22, 61 
 
 " 
 
 
 McSherry, Matthew 
 
 19 
 
 Oct. 15, 62 
 
 
 
 Transferred to Morris battery, May 3. 
 
 lOfiq J 
 
 McCready, William 
 
 29 
 
 Aug. 15, 61 
 
 " 
 
 lODO. 
 
 Munson, Sam l T. Jr. 
 
 21 
 
 Sept. 13, 62 
 
 " 
 
 
 Randolph, 
 Thomas F. 
 Reaycraft, James 
 
 23 
 
 27 
 
 Aug. 5, 61 
 " 20, 61 
 
 : 
 
 
 Rhodes, Benjamin 
 
 19 
 
 Oct. 22, 62 
 
 " 
 
 
 Ridley, Frederick 
 
 26 
 
 " 9, 62 
 
 
 
 
 Tomsen, Franz 
 Travis, Francis 
 
 21 
 19 
 
 Aug. 1, 61 
 Oct. 15, 62 
 
 
 
 Transferred to Company "L," 1st New 
 York Cavalry, Aug. 19, 1862. 
 
 DISCHARGED. 
 
 CAPTAIN. 
 
 Parisen, Otto W. 
 
 35 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Captain 
 
 Discharged, Aug 10, 1862, to accept position 
 of quartermaster, this regiment. 
 
 3d LIEUTENANT. 
 
 Mitchell, John D. 
 
 19 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 2d Lieut. 
 
 Discharged, Sept. 22, 1861, by resignation. 
 
 SERGEANT. 
 
 Stites, Benjamin 
 
 24 
 
 May 12, 61 
 
 Private 
 
 Promoted corporal, Sept. 1, 1861; sergeant, 
 June 20, 1862; wounded in action at An- 
 tietam; discharged for disability, Dec. 
 4, 1862. 
 
 CORPORALS. 
 
 Curie, Charles 
 Livingston, Thomas 
 
 19 
 21 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Private 
 
 Promoted corporal, March 5, 1862; wound 
 ed in action at Antietam ; discharged for 
 promotion to 1st lieutenant 178th New 
 York Volunteers. 
 Promoted corporal, Oct. 1, 1861; wounded 
 in action at Antietam; discharged for 
 disability, Jan. 10, 1863. 
 
588 
 
 MUSTER-OUT ROLL. 
 
 DISCHARGED. COMPANY C. Continued. 
 
 MUSICIANS. 
 
 NAME. 
 
 AGE. 
 
 MUSTERED. 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 WHEN. 
 
 RANK. 
 
 Kies, 
 
 Edwin H. 
 
 21 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Musician 
 
 Nov. 14, 1861, by enlistment 
 steward, U. S t Army. 
 
 as hospital 
 
 Baese 
 
 , Otto 
 
 16 
 
 " u 
 
 11 
 
 May 8, 1861, for disability. 
 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 Beese, Kmil 
 
 19 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Private 
 
 Wounded in action at Antietam; dis 
 
 Bradley, Felix 
 
 20 
 
 Aug. 20, 61 
 
 .4 
 
 charged for disability, Oct. 11, 1862. 
 For disability, Aug. 23, 1862, at Falmouth 
 
 
 
 
 
 Station, Va. 
 
 Chandler, John W. 
 
 20 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 " 
 
 For disability, Aug. 19, 1861. 
 
 Crookson, Joseph A. 
 
 35 
 
 Aug. 5, 61 
 
 " 
 
 For disability, Dec. 11, 1862, at Falmouth 
 
 
 
 
 
 Station, Va. 
 
 Cunningham, 
 
 21 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 44 
 
 Captured on board the "Fanny" Oct. 1, 
 
 William 
 
 
 
 
 1861 ; mustered out as prisoner of war, 
 
 
 
 
 
 May 1, 18G2, at Washington, D. C. 
 
 Dale, Samuel, 
 
 21 
 
 
 
 For disability, Aug. 2, 1861, at Newport 
 News, Va. 
 
 Davis, John 
 
 23 
 
 Oct. 23, 62 
 
 
 For disability, Feb. 18/1863, at Washington, 
 D. C. 
 
 Goldsmith Lewis 
 
 20 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 " 
 
 For disability, May 8, 1861, at New York. 
 
 Hallowell, Joseph 
 
 21 
 
 Aug. 16, 61 
 
 (4 
 
 Wounded in action at Antietam; dis 
 
 
 
 
 
 charged for disability, March 4, 1863. 
 
 Hassall, John 
 
 21 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 " 
 
 For disability, Sept, 12, 1862, at Falmouth 
 
 
 
 
 
 Station, Va. 
 
 Havens, John R. 
 
 21 
 
 4 4 44 
 
 U 
 
 Captured on board the "Fanny," Oct. 1, 
 
 
 
 
 
 1861 ; discharged as paroled prisoner, 
 
 
 
 
 
 May 21, 1862, at Washington, D. C. 
 
 Havens, William A. 
 
 25 
 
 
 
 For disability, Aug. 19, 1861, at Newport 
 News, Va. 
 
 Hudson, William S. 
 
 20 
 
 44 44 
 
 
 
 Discharged for promotion to first lieuten 
 
 
 
 
 
 ant 49th New York, May 29, 162. 
 
 Matile, Edward 
 
 20 
 
 " " 
 
 " 
 
 For disability, Aug. 19, 1861, at Newport 
 
 
 
 
 
 News, Va. 
 
 Munn, Theodore B. 
 
 18 
 
 Aug. 12, 61 
 
 
 
 Writ of habeas corpus at Philadelphia, Sept. 
 
 
 
 
 
 27, 1862. 
 
 Page, Joseph E. K. 
 
 22 
 
 44 44 
 
 11 
 
 Captured aboard the " Fanny, 11 Oct. 1. 1861 ; 
 
 
 
 
 
 discharged, as paroled prisoner, May 21, 
 1862, at Washington, D.C. 
 
 Patterson, George 
 
 19 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 4i 
 
 Discharged, May 4, 1863, at Providence, R.I 
 
 Pease, William R. 
 
 22 
 
 44 
 
 " 
 
 For disability, Aug. 19, 1861, at Newport 
 
 
 
 
 
 News, Va. 
 
 Rowan, John 
 
 23 
 
 44 44 
 
 
 
 Captured on board the "Fanny. 11 Oct. 1, 
 
 Seggee, Zachariah 
 
 33 
 
 Aug. 2, 61 
 
 44 
 
 1861; discharged as paroled prisoner, May 
 21, 1862, at Washington, D.C. 
 Wounded in action at Antietam; discharged 
 
 
 
 
 
 for disability, May 9, 1863. 
 
 Titus, Henry 
 
 18 
 
 " 8, 61 
 
 11 
 
 Discharged, May 22, 1862. 
 
 Tuttle, Joel 
 
 22 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 44 
 
 Captured aboard the " Fanny," Oct. 1, 1861; 
 
 
 
 
 
 discharged as paroled prisoner, May 21, 
 
 
 
 
 
 1862, at Washington, D.C. 
 
 Vogel, William A. 
 
 24 
 
 Aug. 1, 61 
 
 " 
 
 Wounded in action at Antietam; discharged 
 
 
 
 
 
 for disability, Dec. 11, 1862, at Falmouth 
 
 Wekesser, Phillip 
 
 25 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 " 
 
 Sta., Va. 
 Wounded in action at Camden, N.C.; dis 
 charged for disability, Nov. 6, 1862, at 
 
 
 
 
 
 Washington, D.C. 
 
 Wernley, George 
 
 28 
 
 " 44 
 
 11 
 
 For disability, Aug. 19, 1861, at Newport 
 
 
 
 
 
 News, Va. 
 
MUSTER-OUT ROLL. 
 COMPANY C. Continued. 
 
 DIED. 
 
 1st LIEUTENANTS. 
 
 589 
 
 NAME. 
 
 AGE. 
 
 MUSTERED. 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 WHEN. | RANK. 
 
 Ennis, William 
 
 19 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 1st Lieut. 
 
 Died of disease, Aug. 10, 1862. 
 
 Cooper, Edward C. 
 
 25 
 
 u 
 
 Sergeant 
 
 Promoted regimental quartermaster-ser 
 geant, May 4, 1861; 2d lieutenant Nov. 23, 
 1861; killed in action at Antietam. 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 Center, Lucius 
 
 
 
 Private 
 
 Died, June 4, 1862. 
 
 Gallagher, James 
 Grosser, Franz 
 
 19 
 
 28 
 
 Aug. 24, 61 
 May 4, 61 
 
 : 
 
 Died of disease at Hatteras, N.C., Nov. 4, 
 1861. 
 Killed in action at Antietam . 
 
 Lawrence, Samuel P. 
 Watson, William K. 
 
 20 
 
 July 29, 61 
 
 
 
 Promoted corporal, March 5, 1862; killed in 
 action at Antietam. 
 Killed in action at Antietam . 
 
 Prosser, Frank 
 
 
 .... 
 
 " 
 
 Killed in action at Antietam. 
 
 DESERTED. 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 Adams, Robert C. 
 
 22 
 
 Aug. 22, 61 
 
 Private 
 
 Sept. 16, 1862, near Antietam, Md. 
 
 Arnott, John T. 
 
 22 
 
 " 19, 61 
 
 " 
 
 Sept. 16, 1862, near Antietam, Md. 
 
 McCoy, Amos 
 
 20 
 
 May 4/61 
 
 " 
 
 May 18, 1861, at Riker s Island, N.Y. 
 
 Moore, Lawrence 
 
 19 
 
 " " 
 
 
 
 June 5, 1861, at Riker s Island, N.Y. 
 
 Rolfe, Richard 
 
 30 
 
 " 
 
 " 
 
 May 6, 1861, at Riker s Island, N.Y. 
 
 Smith, Angelo M. 
 
 19 
 
 it 
 
 <k 
 
 May 8, 1861, at Riker s Island, N.Y. 
 
 Wilson, George F. 
 
 20 
 
 July 29, 61 
 
 !( 
 
 Dec. 12, 1862, at Fredericksburg, Va. 
 
 Witz, Anthony 
 
 19 
 
 Sept. 20, 61 
 
 kv 
 
 Sept. 16, 1862, near Antietam, Md. 
 
 NOT ACCOUNTED FOR. 
 
 PRIVATE. 
 
 Lock wood, 
 
 John 
 
 21 
 
 May 4, 
 
 01 
 
 Private 
 Co. I. 
 
 Transferred to this 
 no further record 
 
 company, 
 
 Aug. 
 
 ao, 
 
 1861; 
 
MUSTER-OUT ROLL of CAPTAIN ALMA P. WEBSTER S COMPANY D, 
 
 9TH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 Mustered out with the company, on the 2oth day of May, 1863. 
 
 CAPTAIN. 
 
 NAME. 
 
 AGE. 
 
 MUSTERED. 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 WHEN. 
 
 RANK. 
 
 Webster, Alma P. 
 
 20 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 1st Lieut. 
 Co. G. 
 
 Wounded in action at Roanoke Island; 
 promoted captain and transferred to this 
 company, Sept. 3, 1862 
 
 1st LIEUTENANT. 
 
 Perley, 
 
 John 
 
 K. 
 
 18 
 
 May 
 
 4/61 
 
 2d Lieut. 
 
 Promoted 
 
 1st lieutenant, 
 
 March 
 
 16, 1862. 
 
 3d LIEUTENANT. 
 
 Meyers, Sebastian 
 
 29 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Private 
 Co. F. 
 
 Promoted 2d lieutenant and transferred to 
 this company, Sept. 3, 1862; wounded in 
 action at Antietam. 
 
 1st SERGEANT. 
 
 Fitzgerald, 
 
 James 
 
 25 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Corporal 
 
 Promoted serge 
 in action at Ci 
 sergeant, Feb 
 
 sant, Oct. 7, 
 linden, N. C. 
 6, 1863. 
 
 1861; wounded 
 ; promoted 1st 
 
 SERGEANTS. 
 
 Cutler, Robert 
 Kennedy, James E. 
 
 25 
 21 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 " 4, 61 
 
 Private 
 Corporal 
 
 Promoted corporal, Aug. 20, 1861 ; sergeant, 
 Feb. 11, 1863 
 Promoted sergeant, Sept. 1, 1861. 
 
 Searing, Peter J. L,. 
 
 19 
 
 
 Private 
 
 Promoted corporal, Sept. 2, 1861 ; sergeant, 
 June 19, 1862; wounded in action at An 
 tietam. 
 
 CORPORALS. 
 
 Black, John 
 
 21 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Private 
 
 Promoted corporal, Oct. 7, 1861. 
 
 Giirran, Joseph 
 
 
 l 16/61 
 
 11 
 
 Promoted corporal, July 1, 1862. 
 
 Reaut, Victor 
 
 20 
 
 " 4, 61 
 
 11 
 
 Promoted corporal, Oct. 23, 1862. 
 
 Erbe, Charles 
 
 19 
 
 " 
 
 
 
 Promoted corporal, Dec. 3, 1862. 
 
 Hughson, John F. 
 
 27 
 
 X 
 
 Corporal 
 
 
 McNamara, John 
 
 21 
 
 " " 
 
 Private 
 
 Promoted corporal, Feb. 15, 1863. 
 
MUSTER-OUT ROLL. 
 
 591 
 
 COMPANY D. Continued. Mustered out with the Company. 
 
 CORPORALS. 
 
 NAME. 
 
 AGE. 
 
 MUSTERED. 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 WHEN. | RANK. 
 
 Moerser, John 
 
 19 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Private 
 
 Promoted corporal, Dec. 3, 1862. 
 
 Nichols, Jasper 
 
 19 
 
 u 
 
 
 
 Promoted corporal, Sept. 1, 1861. 
 
 Phoenix, Richard 
 
 19 
 
 " " 
 
 11 
 
 Promoted corporal, Feb. 15, 1863. 
 
 MUSICIAN. 
 
 Adams, 
 
 Richard 
 
 17 
 
 May 4, 
 
 61 
 
 Drummer 
 Co. G. 
 
 1 Transferred to 
 to Company D 
 
 Company C 
 , June 6, 186 
 
 J, Dec. 
 2. 
 
 15, 
 
 1861; 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 Areson, Samuel 
 
 18 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Private 
 
 
 Berry, Theodore 
 
 19 
 
 ii 
 
 11 
 
 
 Boylan, James 
 
 20 
 
 u u 
 
 
 
 
 Briggs, Charles 
 
 19 
 
 
 
 " 
 
 
 Burns, Joseph T. 
 
 20 
 
 . 
 
 " 
 
 
 
 Campbell, William 
 
 20 
 
 i. 
 
 " 
 
 
 Carman, George W. 
 
 19 
 
 " 
 
 " 
 
 
 Carson, John 
 
 27 
 
 II 
 
 " 
 
 
 Cavanagh, Peter 
 
 19 
 
 (I It 
 
 " 
 
 Wounded in action at Antietam. 
 
 Chavantre, Alfred 
 
 21 
 
 u 
 
 11 
 
 
 Coleman, Joseph 
 
 18 
 
 " 
 
 K 
 
 
 Conroy, Richard 
 
 20 
 
 u 
 
 " 
 
 
 Cook, John 
 
 18 
 
 14 (C 
 
 Drummer 
 
 Wounded in action at Fredericksburg, Ya. 
 
 Curtin, John C. 
 Dark, George 
 
 20 
 19 
 
 II 11 
 
 II l< 
 
 Private 
 
 Wounded and captured at Camden, N. C., 
 April 19, 1862; returned to company, Oct. 
 15, 1862. 
 
 Delder, John 
 
 21 
 
 1. 
 
 ii 
 
 
 Evans, John 
 
 21 
 
 1. 
 
 " 
 
 
 Hodges, James 
 
 20 
 
 " 
 
 
 
 
 Hunt, James 
 
 19 
 
 1, 
 
 14 
 
 
 Keating, William 
 
 19 
 
 U 11 
 
 ii 
 
 
 Lawrence, John 
 
 20 
 
 Ii 
 
 11 
 
 Wounded in action at Antietam. 
 
 Loyman, Louis 
 
 23 
 
 " 
 
 " 
 
 Wounded in action at Antietam. 
 
 Marshall, William 
 
 18 
 
 " 
 
 11 
 
 
 Martin, Alphonso 
 
 18 
 
 It 
 
 
 
 
 McCoy, Francis 
 
 19 
 
 " " 
 
 11 
 
 Wounded in action at Antietam. 
 
592 
 
 MUSTER-OUT ROLL. 
 
 COMPANY D. Continued. Mustered out with the Company. 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 NAME. 
 
 AGE. 
 
 MUSTERED. 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 WHEN, 
 
 RANK. 
 
 McCready, Edward 
 
 19 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Private 
 
 
 
 McGowaii, Thomas 
 
 20 
 
 u 
 
 " 
 
 
 
 Mealeany, James 
 
 19 
 
 .1 
 
 
 
 
 
 Mullaney, James 
 
 20 
 
 it 
 
 " 
 
 
 
 Morge, L,ouis 
 
 30 
 
 ii <i 
 
 " 
 
 Wounded in action at Antietam. 
 
 
 O Connor, Patrick 
 
 20 
 
 u 
 
 11 
 
 
 
 Quinn, Michael 
 
 29 
 
 " 
 
 11 
 
 
 
 Shane, Samuel S. 
 
 19 
 
 June 4, 61 
 
 
 
 
 
 Sherwood, EwdardE. 
 
 21 
 
 Aug. 7, 61 
 
 " 
 
 
 
 Sherman, George 
 
 19 
 
 May4, 61 
 
 14 
 
 
 
 Stevenson, James 
 
 21 
 
 June 4, 61 
 
 " 
 
 Promoted corporal, June 19, 1862. 
 
 
 Van Orden, Robert 
 
 19 
 
 May4, 61 
 
 " 
 
 Wounded in action at Fredericksburg, Va. 
 
 Wiebelt, George 
 
 20 
 
 " 
 
 Sergeant 
 
 Wounded in action at Antietam. 
 
 
 Weir, Edward R. 
 
 21 
 
 ii n 
 
 Private 
 
 
 
 "Wilson, Thomas 
 
 22 
 
 " " 
 
 " 
 
 
 
 TRANSFERRED 
 
 
 To 30 RKGIMKNT, N. Y. Volunteer Infantry, May 6, 1863. 
 
 
 CORPORALS. 
 
 
 Christopher, 
 Benjamin 
 Purcell, Frances A. 
 
 Sherman, George W. 
 
 26 
 18 
 19 
 
 Aug. 30, 62 
 
 Sept. 2, 61 
 
 n t< 
 
 , Private 
 
 Promoted corporal, Feb. 11, 1863. 
 
 Promoted corporal, July 30, 1862; wounded 
 in action at Antietam. 
 Promoted corporal July 30, 1862; trans 
 ferred to non-commissioned staff of 3d 
 New York. 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 Able, Hiram 
 
 18 
 
 Sept. 2, 61 
 
 Private 
 
 
 Bishop, Samuel 
 
 29 
 
 Aug. 30, 62 
 
 " 
 
 
 Blank, Martin 
 
 29 
 
 4k 23, 61 
 
 " 
 
 
 Burger, Samuel A. 
 
 18 
 
 Nov. 1, 61 
 
 
 
 Enlisted at Hatteras Inlet. 
 
 Chavantre, Edward 
 
 19 
 
 Aug. 10, 61 
 
 14 
 
 
 Cortisaos, David 
 
 21 
 
 44 24, 61 
 
 ti 
 
 
 Crookston, Green T. 
 
 18 
 
 " 22, 61 
 
 
 
 
 Crowley, Florence 
 
 28 
 
 41 26, 61 
 
 11 
 
 Wounded in action at Antietam. 
 
MUSTER-OUT ROLL. 
 TRANSFERRED. COMPANY D. Continued. 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 593 
 
 NAME 
 
 Arw 
 
 MUSTERED. 
 
 "RTpvr A PIT Q 
 
 
 AArm, 
 
 WHEN. I RANK. 
 
 XVJBjM.ArvK.9. 
 
 Eckerson, George W. 
 
 22 
 
 Aug. 29, 62 
 
 Private 
 
 Transferred to Morris battery, May 3, 1863. 
 
 Eisell, Joseph 
 
 19 
 
 " 23, 61 
 
 
 
 
 Fink, John 
 
 23 
 
 " 
 
 
 
 
 Goodyear, Charles 
 
 
 Sept. 4, 61 
 
 " 
 
 
 Kennedy, Robert 
 
 26 
 
 Aug. 23, 61 
 
 " 
 
 
 McGill, Thomas 
 
 22 
 
 Aug. 14, 61 
 
 11 
 
 
 Phoenix, Nathaniel 
 
 18 
 
 Sept. 13, 62 
 
 " 
 
 
 Post, Ebenezer B. 
 
 19 
 
 Aug 26, 62 
 
 " 
 
 
 Roddy, John J. 
 
 21 
 
 " 19, 62 
 
 " 
 
 Wounded and captured at Antietam; con 
 fined at Richmond; paroled; reported 
 to regiment; transferred to Morris bat 
 
 Sarles, David R. 
 
 20 
 
 11 22, 61 
 
 
 
 tery, May 6, 1863. 
 
 Sarles William H. 
 
 22 
 
 " 
 
 " 
 
 Wounded in action at Antietam. 
 
 Schaefer, Anthony 
 
 18 
 
 " 28, 61 
 
 44 
 
 
 Scheik, Valentine 
 
 21 
 
 " *23, 61 
 
 " 
 
 
 Smith, John 
 
 21 
 
 u 
 
 " 
 
 
 Smith, John 
 
 24 
 
 Sept. 13, 62 
 
 " 
 
 
 Trainor, James 
 
 28 
 
 Aug. 8, 61 
 
 " 
 
 , 
 
 Van Scoy, John A. 
 Van Scoy, Warren 
 
 19 
 19 
 
 44 19, 61 
 
 
 
 Wounded and captured at Antietam; con 
 fined at Richmond ; paroled; reported at 
 Camp Parole, Md . 
 
 Watkinson, William 
 
 22 
 
 44 23, 61 
 
 11 
 
 
 DISCHARGED. 
 
 CAPTAINS. 
 
 Prescott, Charles W. 
 
 30 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 2d Lieut. 
 
 Promoted captain, Aug. 1, 1861; discharged 
 by resignation, Sept 3, 1862. 
 
 Wright, Henry 
 
 21 
 
 
 Captain 
 
 Discharged by resignation, Aug. 9, 1861. 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 Anderson, Henry 
 
 25 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Private 
 
 Promoted sergeant, May 24, 1861; 1st ser 
 geant, June 19, 1862; discharged for disa 
 bility, Feb. 6, 1863, at Falmouth Station, 
 
 
 
 
 
 Va. 
 
 Austin, John 
 Booth, Charles 
 
 35 
 
 21 
 
 Aug. 28, 61 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Corporal 
 
 Promoted corporal, Oct. 7, 1861; sergeant, 
 Jan. 9, 1862; discharged for disability, 
 Feb. 15. 1863 at Philadelphia, Pa. 
 For disability, Aug. 20, 1861, at Newport 
 
 
 
 
 
 News, Va. 
 
S94 
 
 MUSTER-OUT ROLL. 
 
 DISCHARGED. COMPANY D. Continued. 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 NAME. 
 
 A.GE. 
 
 MUSTERED. 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 WHEN. \ RANK. 
 
 Brainard, James II. 
 
 18 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Sergeant 
 
 Wounded in action at Antietam; dis 
 
 
 
 
 
 charged for disability, Dec. 17, 1862 
 
 Campbell, George W. 
 
 18 
 
 " u 
 
 Private 
 
 At Hiker s Island, May 20, 1861. 
 
 Cavanagh, Peter 
 
 20 
 
 Aug. 19, 62 
 
 11 
 
 For disability, May 6, 1863. 
 
 Conklin, John A. 
 
 18 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 11 
 
 At Hiker s Island, May 20, 1861. 
 
 Dean, Junius E. 
 
 20 
 
 tk 
 
 
 
 For disability, Nov. 18, 1861, at Hatteras 
 
 
 
 
 
 Inlet. 
 
 Goem, Mathias 
 
 20 
 
 .k " 
 
 " 
 
 Wounded in action at Antietam; dis 
 
 
 
 
 
 charged for disability, March 14, 1863. 
 
 Hackett, Thomas 
 
 18 
 
 June 4, 61 
 
 11 
 
 For disability, Aug. 20, 1861, at Newport 
 
 
 
 
 News, Va. 
 
 Hotaling, Charles 
 
 29 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 11 
 
 By sentence of a general court-martial, 
 
 
 
 
 
 Sept 8. 1861. 
 
 Hyde, Theodore 
 
 19 
 
 " " 
 
 " 
 
 Promoted corporal, June 19, 1862; wounded 
 in action at Antietam; discharged for 
 
 
 
 
 
 disability, April 2, 1863. 
 
 Jones, Samuel W. 
 
 23 
 
 Aug. 28, 61 
 
 11 
 
 For disability, May 2, 1863. 
 
 lie Noir, Henry 
 
 19 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 " 
 
 For disability, February 17, 1863. 
 
 Ostrom, John 
 
 25 
 
 ,> 
 
 i 
 
 Promoted sergeant, May 24, 1861; dis 
 
 
 
 
 
 charged for disability, March 13, 1863. 
 
 Roach, Samuel S. 
 
 20 
 
 Aug. 13. 62 
 
 11 
 
 Wounded in action at Antietam; dis 
 
 
 
 
 
 charged for disability, Jan. 9. 1863. 
 
 Rusher, William 
 
 18 
 
 " 15, 61 
 
 " 
 
 For disability, Dec. 29, 1862, at Washington, 
 
 
 
 
 
 D. C. 
 
 Scott, John 
 
 18 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 11 
 
 May 5, 1861 ; no cause stated. 
 
 Searing, Sylvester 
 
 19 
 
 u 
 
 11 
 
 May 20, 1861 ; no cause stated 
 
 Westfall, Henry 
 
 26 
 
 u u 
 
 >< 
 
 Wounded in action at Antietam; dis 
 
 
 
 
 
 charged for disability April 8, 1863, at 
 
 
 
 
 
 Suffolk, Va. 
 
 VVildey, Wilfred 
 
 19 
 
 11 t 
 
 " 
 
 For disability, Aug. 20, 1861, at Newport 
 
 
 
 
 
 News, Va. 
 
 Wiltsie, James 
 
 18 
 
 .1 11 
 
 i n 
 
 For disability, Aug. 20, 1861, at Newport 
 
 
 
 
 
 News, Va. 
 
 DIED. 
 
 SERGEANT. 
 
 Beesling, 
 
 Henry 
 
 35 
 
 May 4, 
 
 61 
 
 Sergeant 
 
 Killed in action at Antietam. 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 Beethuysen, Otto 
 
 18 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Private 
 
 Killed in action at Antietam. 
 
 McCasker, John 
 
 20 
 
 " 
 
 " 
 
 Killed in action at Fredericksburg, Va. 
 
 Michaels, Charles 
 
 21 
 
 it 
 
 11 
 
 Killed in action at Antietam. 
 
 Rothert, William 
 
 19 
 
 . 
 
 11 
 
 Killed in action at Antietam. 
 
 Taylor, Charles 
 
 22 
 
 " " 
 
 " 
 
 Died of disease at Roanoke Island, May 16, 
 
 1862 
 
 Winn, John 
 
 18 
 
 iSept 3, 62 
 
 " 
 
 Died of disease at Falmouth Sta., Va., Jan. 
 10, 1863. 
 
MUSTER-OUT ROLL. 
 
 395 
 
 COMPANY D. Continued. 
 NOT ACCOUNTED FOR. 
 
 PRIVATE. 
 
 NAME. 
 
 AGE. 
 
 MUSTERED. 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 WHEN. 
 
 RANK. 
 
 Scott, 
 
 Charles O. 
 
 18 
 
 Sept. 4, 61 
 
 Private 
 
 Appears on rolls of January and February, 
 1862, without remark; no further record. 
 
 DESERTED. 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 Alexander, Phillip 
 
 24 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Private At Riker s Island, May 15, 1861 . 
 
 
 Burns, Charles 
 
 21 
 
 July 31, 61 
 
 
 
 At Suffolk Va., April 28, 1863. 
 
 
 Donnelly, Andrew 
 
 21 
 
 Aug. 8, 61 
 
 " 
 
 August 16 1861, at New York, N.Y. 
 
 
 Fletcher, Oat man 
 
 18 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 " 
 
 May 20, 1861 . 
 
 
 Haynes, James 
 
 19 
 
 n u 
 
 " 
 
 May 12, 1861, at New York, N.Y. 
 
 
 Rogers, William 
 
 18 
 
 u 
 
 " 
 
 Jan. 3, 1863. 
 
 
 Rosseau, Eugene 
 
 31 
 
 " 
 
 " 
 
 Sept. 5, 1862. 
 
 
 Shay, Charles D. 
 
 22 
 
 I. 
 
 11 
 
 Promoted corporal, Sept. 1, 1861; deserted 
 at Fredericksburg, Dec. 13, 1862, in face or 
 
 
 
 
 
 enemy. 
 
 
MUSTER-OUT ROLL of CAPTAIN ADOLPH LIBAIRE S COMPANY E, 
 9 TH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 
 Mustered out with the company, May 2oth, 1863. 
 
 CAPTAIN. 
 
 NAME. 
 
 AGE. 
 
 MUSTERED. 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 WHEN. | RANK. 
 
 labaire, Adolph 
 
 21 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Captain 
 
 Received Medal of Honor for distinguished 
 gallantry at the Battle of Antietam. 
 
 1st LIEUTENANT. 
 
 Greene, Joseph A. 
 
 23 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Sergeant 
 Co. F. 
 
 Promoted 1st sergeant, June 30, 1861; 2d 
 lieutenant, Aug. 10. 1861; wounded in ac 
 tion at Rainbow Bluffs, N.C.; promoted 
 1st lieutenant, Oct. 4, 1862; transferred to 
 this company Dec. 1. 1862. 
 
 3d LIEUTENANT. 
 
 Vogt, 
 
 Alexander 
 
 21 
 
 May 
 
 4, 61 
 
 Private 
 
 Promoted corporal, 
 Jan. 21, 1862; 1st 
 second lieutenant 
 
 Sept. 26, 
 sergeant 
 , Aug. 10, 
 
 1861: s 
 , Feb. 
 1862. 
 
 ergeant, 
 12, 1862; 
 
 1st SERGEANT. 
 
 Smith, 
 
 Ahisha 
 
 N. 
 
 24 
 
 May 4, 
 
 01 
 
 Private 
 
 Promoted. 
 
 1st sergeant 
 
 Nov. 
 
 21, 
 
 1862. 
 
 SERGEANT. 
 
 Gaiidolfo, 
 
 John 
 
 B. 
 
 19 
 
 May 4, 
 
 61 
 
 Sergeant 
 
 Wounded in action at Antietam. 
 
 CORPORALS. 
 
 Campbell, 
 Benjamin W. 
 Clements, James 
 
 20 
 25 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Private 
 
 Wounded in action at Antietam; promoted 
 corporal, March 11, 1863. 
 Wounded and captured at Antietam; pa 
 roled same day; returned to regiment: 
 
 Farrell, Nicholas 
 
 25 
 
 u 
 
 " 
 
 promoted corporal Feb. 13, 1863. 
 Wounded and captured at Antietam; pa 
 
 
 
 
 vt 
 
 roled, date not stated; reported to com 
 
 
 
 
 
 pany; promoted corporal, Jan. 1, 1863. 
 
 Martin, John E. 
 
 21 
 
 " " 
 
 ** 
 
 Promoted corporal, March 11, 1863. 
 
 McMahoii, James 
 
 30 
 
 it 
 
 " 
 
 Promoted corporal, March 11, 1863. 
 
MUSTER-OUT ROLL. 
 COMPANY E Continued. Mustered out with the Company. 
 
 MUSICIANS. 
 
 897 
 
 L,ange, John S. 
 Logan, John F. 
 
 21 
 17 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Bugler 
 Musician 
 
 Wounded and captured at Antietam; pa 
 roled and reported to company. 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 Bauer, John J. 
 
 19 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Private 
 
 Wounded in action at Antietam. 
 
 Byrne, Hugh 
 
 23 
 
 Aug. 21, 61 
 
 
 
 Wounded in action at Camden, N.C. 
 
 Cahill, Patrick 
 
 20 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 " 
 
 
 Chapin, John J. 
 
 19 
 
 .1 
 
 " 
 
 
 Cockefair, 
 William N. 
 Coen, Patrick 
 
 26 
 21 
 
 u 
 
 it 
 
 Wounded in action at Antietam. 
 
 Dever, Daniel 
 
 19 
 
 " 
 
 14 
 
 
 Dietrich, Christ. 
 
 20 
 
 " 
 
 " 
 
 
 Dillman, Frederick 
 
 22 
 
 " 
 
 11 
 
 Wounded in action at Fredericksburg, Va. 
 
 Dunlap, August P. 
 
 19 
 
 " 
 
 1st Sergeant 
 
 
 Earl, Charles 
 
 21 
 
 " 
 
 Private 
 
 
 Ellis, William H. 
 
 21 
 
 u 
 
 11 
 
 
 Fisher, Peter 
 Fransier, Phillip 
 
 24 
 
 19 
 
 11 7, 61 
 
 u 
 
 Wounded in action at Suffolk, Va . , April 20, 
 1863. 
 
 Gill, Francis P. 
 
 28 
 
 " 4, 61 
 
 11 
 
 
 Hall, James H. 
 
 20 
 
 Aug. 5, 61 
 
 14 
 
 
 Hanrahaii, John 
 
 24 
 
 Aug. 12, 61 
 
 - ^ 
 
 Wounded in action at Fredericksburg, Va. 
 
 Heff erman, John 
 
 20 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 " 
 
 
 Higgins, Jeremiah J. 
 
 22 
 
 ,i U 
 
 " 
 
 Wounded in action at Roanoke Island, N.C. 
 
 Hyde, James W. 
 James, Frederick 
 Keenaii, Michael 
 
 22 
 
 20 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Musician 
 Co. D. 
 103d N.Y. 
 Private 
 
 Transferred to Company E, this regiment, 
 Jan. 15, 1863. 
 
 Kelley, Thomas T. 
 Knubel, Henry 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 . . 
 
 Corporal 
 
 Wounded and captured at Camden. N.C. 
 exchanged; promoted corporal, Nov. 21, 
 1862. 
 
 Logan, David O. 
 
 19 
 
 " 11 
 
 Private 
 
 
 McDowell, Samuel 
 
 19 
 
 " 
 
 " 
 
 
 McGowan, James 
 
 21 
 
 u 
 
 
 
 
 Milleiiet, Henry 
 Miller, Austin 
 Morgan, Metart 
 
 18 
 19 
 21 
 
 
 
 Private 
 Co. F. 
 Private 
 
 Transferred to this company May 22, 1861; 
 wounded in action at Roanoke Island . 
 Captured and paroled at Antietam; re 
 turned to duty. 
 
 Nichols, Adam 
 
 23 
 
 t> 4> 
 
 11 
 
 
598 
 
 MUSTER-OUT ROL L . 
 
 COMPANY E. Continued. Mustered out with the Company. 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 NAME. 
 
 AGE. 
 
 MUSTERED, 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 WHEN. | RANK. 
 
 Pratt, Amasa 
 
 31 
 
 May 4/61 
 
 Private 
 
 
 Reavey, Hugh 
 
 19 
 
 .. 
 
 44 
 
 
 Rossner, Frederick 
 
 19 
 
 44 
 
 
 
 
 Rung, Frederick 
 
 19 
 
 .1 
 
 " 
 
 
 Sawyer, Charles W. 
 
 26 
 
 " 
 
 " 
 
 Wounded inaction at Antietam. 
 
 Sinclair, RaimondH. 
 
 22 
 
 " 
 
 44 
 
 
 Stewart, Edward 
 
 25 
 
 " 
 
 " 
 
 
 Stuart, Thomas 
 
 21 
 
 .. 
 
 14 
 
 
 Van Cott, William H. 
 Van Syckle, Albert S. 
 
 22 
 
 19 
 
 
 
 Private 
 Co. A. 
 Private 
 Co. B. 
 
 Transferred to this company, Jan. 1, 1862: 
 wounded in action at Camden, N.C. 
 Transferred to this company, Aug. 23, 1862. 
 
 TRANSFERRED 
 To 313 REGIMENT, N. Y. Volunteer Infantry, May 6, 1863. 
 
 SERGEANTS. 
 
 Burke, John J. 
 
 21 
 
 Aug. 
 
 9, 61 
 
 Private 
 
 Promoted sergeant, Nov. 21, 1862; 
 
 wounded 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 in action at Fredericksburg. 
 
 
 Haiikiiison, 
 Charles H. 
 
 20 
 
 
 
 " 
 
 Promoted sergeant, Aug. 11, 1862; 
 in action at Antietam . 
 
 wounded 
 
 Flood, Owen A. 
 
 24 
 
 11 
 
 6, 61 
 
 4 4 
 
 Wounded in action at Antietam; 
 
 promoted 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 sergeant, Nov. 21, 1862. 
 
 
 CORPORALS. 
 
 Dyruff, Charles 
 Hanrahan, Thomas 
 
 20 
 22 
 
 Aug. 9, 61 
 " 5, 61 
 
 Private 
 
 Promoted corporal, 
 
 Promoted corporal, 
 as Hanasell. 
 
 Nov 21,1862. 
 June 12, 1862; transferred 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 Alexander, George 
 
 18 
 
 Aug. 25, 61 
 
 Private 
 
 
 Auderbert, 
 Alexander 
 Black, Samuel 
 
 27 
 19 
 
 Oct. 20/62 
 Aug. 21, 61 
 
 : 
 
 
 Burke, Francis 
 
 20 
 
 " 9, 61 
 
 
 
 Dally, Joseph S. 
 
 20 
 
 " 26, 61 
 
 " 
 
 
 Dally, James 
 
 28 
 
 Sept. 9/62 
 
 41 
 
 
 Dalton, Thomas F. 
 
 21 
 
 " 3, 62 
 
 " 
 
 
MUS TER- OUT ROLL. 
 
 599 
 
 TRANSFERRED. COMPANY E. Continued. 
 
 PRIVATE. 
 
 NAME. 
 
 AGE. 
 
 MUSTERED. 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 WHEN. | RANK. 
 
 Driscoll, Robert B. 
 
 18 
 
 Aug. 25, 61 
 
 Private 
 
 
 Doris, Francis 
 Kamcs, Edgar N. 
 
 21 
 19 
 
 " 28, 62 
 " 27, 62 
 
 Private 
 Co. D. 
 Private 
 
 Transferred to this company, Oct. 25, 1862. 
 
 Fisett, Edward 
 
 27 
 
 Sept. 16, 62 
 
 ii 
 
 
 Hatnes, Benjamin O. 
 
 32 
 
 u 10, 62 
 
 " 
 
 
 Heiiken, Henry 
 
 20 
 
 Aug. 19, 61 
 
 " 
 
 
 Holliday, David C. 
 
 23 
 
 " 
 
 
 
 
 Knowles, William G. 
 
 21 
 
 Sept. 4, 62 
 
 11 
 
 
 Langdon, Samuel 
 Lee, Robert 
 
 Lockwood, 
 William J. 
 Murphy, James 
 
 Murray, Thomas 
 
 21 
 36 
 
 28 
 21 
 21 
 
 Aug. 30, 62 
 Sept. 16, 62 
 Aug. 15, 61 
 " 23/62 
 Aug. 23, 61 
 
 Private 
 Co. D. 
 Private 
 Co. D. 
 Private 
 
 Private 
 Co. D. 
 Private 
 
 Transferred to this company, Oct. 25, 1862. 
 Transferred to this company, Oct. 25, 1862. 
 
 Captured and paroled at Antietam; returned 
 to duty. 
 Transferred to this company, Oct. 25, 1862. 
 
 Nichols, Edward D. 
 
 18 
 
 " 26, 61 
 
 " 
 
 
 North, Henry 
 Owens, James 
 
 21 
 21 
 
 " 19, 62 
 Sept. 4, 62 
 
 Private 
 Co. D. 
 Private 
 
 Transferred to this company, Get. 25, 1862. 
 
 Rush, George 
 Smith, Martin 
 
 24 
 23 
 
 Aug. 30, 62 
 " 17, 61 
 
 Private 
 Co. D. 
 Private 
 
 Transferred to this company, Oct. 25, 1862; 
 transferred to Morris \battery, May 3, 1863. 
 
 Dan, William 
 
 24 May 4, 61 Private Transferred to 1st N.Y. Vols., Sept. 8, 1861. 
 
 DISCHARGED. 
 
 1st LIEUTENANTS. 
 
 Lucquen, 
 Bartlett, 
 
 Andre 
 John H. 
 
 26 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 1st Lieut. 
 
 Elected 1st 
 mustered; 
 Discharged, 
 N.C. 
 
 lieutenant commissioned 
 no further record. 
 Oct. 23, 1861, at Hattcras 
 
 ; not 
 Inlet, 
 
 2d LIEUTENANT. 
 
 Bartlett, 
 
 William A. 
 
 24 
 
 May 4, 
 
 61 
 
 2d Lieut. 
 
 Discharged, 
 N.C. 
 
 Oct. 
 
 23, 
 
 1861, at 
 
 Hatteras 
 
 Inlet, 
 
 SERGEANT. 
 
 Keating, James D. 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Corporal 
 
 Promoted sergeant. Sept. 6, 1861; wounded 
 in action at Antietam; discharged for dis 
 ability, April 23, 1863, at Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
60O 
 
 MUSTER-OUT ROLL. 
 
 DISCHARGED. COMPANY E. Continued. 
 
 CORPORALS. 
 
 Davis, James 
 
 33 
 
 May4, 61 
 
 Corporal 
 
 For disability, June 3, 1862, at Roanoke Is 
 
 
 
 
 
 land. 
 
 Hart, Frank 
 
 20 
 
 it 
 
 " 
 
 Wounded in action at Antietam; promoted 
 
 
 
 
 
 corporal, Nov. 20, 1862; discharged for dis 
 
 
 
 
 
 ability, Feb. 20, 1863, at Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 Birdsall, John 
 
 20 
 
 July 31, 61 
 
 Private 
 
 For disability, Aug. 26, 1861, at Newport 
 
 
 
 
 
 News, Va. 
 
 Burke, Tobias 
 
 35 
 
 Aug. 7, 61 
 
 " 
 
 For disability, Jan. 29, 1863, at Washington, 
 
 
 
 
 
 D.C. 
 
 Cummings, Daniel 
 
 20 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 " 
 
 For disability, Aug. 20, 1861, at Newport 
 
 
 
 
 
 News, Va. 
 
 Gorman, Patrick 
 
 
 " 16, 61 
 
 11 
 
 For disability, Aug. 20, 1861, at [Newport 
 
 
 
 
 
 News, Va. 
 
 Hesse, John 
 
 18 
 
 Aug. 6, 61 
 
 " 
 
 Wounded in action at Antietam; discharged 
 for disability, Jan. 7, 1863, at Philadelphia, 
 
 
 
 
 
 Pa. 
 
 Hoffman, Frederick 
 
 21 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 " 
 
 For disability, Aug. 20, 1861, at Newport 
 
 
 
 
 
 News, Va, 
 
 Hyer, James 
 
 21 
 
 n 
 
 
 
 Wounded in action at Antietam; discharged 
 
 
 
 
 
 for disability, Jan. 13, 1863, at Chestnut 
 
 
 
 
 
 Hill, Pa. 
 
 Jaiger, Andrew 
 
 28 
 
 
 " 
 
 Wounded in action at Antietam; discharged 
 for disability, March 26, 1863, at Washing 
 
 
 
 
 
 ton, D.C. 
 
 Johnston, Frank H. 
 
 23 
 
 . 
 
 
 
 For disability, Aug. 20, 1861, at Newport 
 
 
 
 
 
 News, Va. 
 
 Kiiubel, John 
 
 18 
 
 Aug. 19, 61 
 
 14 
 
 Wounded in action at Antietam; discharged 
 
 
 
 
 
 for disability, April 13, 1863, at Antietam 
 
 
 
 
 
 Hospital. 
 
 Latapie, Peter 
 
 25 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Corporal 
 
 For disability, Aug. 20, 1861, at Newport 
 
 
 
 
 
 News, Va. 
 
 McCoinb, Thomas 
 
 
 .... 
 
 Private 
 
 For disability, May 12, 1862, at Washington, 
 
 
 
 
 
 D.C. 
 
 McLean, William H. 
 
 28 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 11 
 
 For disability, March 16, 1863, New York City. 
 
 McLaughlin, Paul 
 
 18 
 
 Aug, 20, 61 
 
 11 
 
 Wounded in action at Antietam; discharged 
 for disability, Feb. 17, 1863, at Camp Con 
 
 
 
 
 
 valescent, Va. 
 
 Moore, William H. 
 
 19 
 
 " 23, 61 
 
 11 
 
 By sentence of a general court martial, 
 
 
 
 
 
 Nov. 22, 1862. 
 
 Owen, Thomas C. 
 
 26 
 
 " 7, 61 
 
 " 
 
 For disability, Oct. 15, 1862, at Philadelphia, 
 Pa. 
 
 Pollock, William 
 
 19 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Musician 
 Co. F. 
 
 Transferred to this company as private, 
 May 22, 1861; discharged for disability, 
 
 
 
 
 
 Aug. 20, 1861, at Newport News. Va. 
 
 Thompson, John P. 
 
 28 
 
 tt U 
 
 Private 
 
 For disability. Aug. 20, 1861, at Newport 
 News, Va. 
 
 Volk, Andrew 
 
 19 
 
 .1 
 
 " 
 
 Wounded in action at Antietam; discharged 
 
 
 
 
 
 for disability, April 23, 1 1863, at Philadel 
 
 
 
 
 
 phia, Pa. 
 
 Withers, James 
 
 20 
 
 
 " 
 
 Wounded in action at Antietam; discharged 
 
 
 
 <l U 
 
 
 for disability, April 23, 1863, at Philadel 
 
 
 
 
 
 phia. 
 
 DIED. 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 Auten, John R. 
 
 24 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Private 
 
 Drowned, Nov. 1, 1861, at Hatteras Inlet,N.C. 
 
 Bloxham, Richard 
 
 21 
 
 Aug.!21, 61 
 
 11 
 
 Promoted corporal, June 12, 1862; died of 
 wounds received in action at Antietam. 
 
MUSTER-OUT ROLL. 
 
 601 
 
 DIED. COMPANY E. Continued. 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 NAME 
 
 AGE. 
 
 MUSTERED. 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 WHEN. 
 
 RANK. 
 
 Chrissman, Michael 
 Dillman, Adam 
 
 20 
 20 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Private 
 
 Promoted corporal, date not stated; died of 
 wounds received at Antietam. 
 Killed in action at Antietam. 
 
 Dunn, John 
 Glasser, Phillip 
 
 19 
 19 
 
 Aug. 19/61 
 May 4, 61 
 
 
 
 Died of disease, Dec. 22, 1861, at Hatteras, 
 Inlet, N.C. 
 Killed in action at Antietam . 
 
 Guiding, Thomas 
 Hassen, Robert B. 
 
 23 
 21 
 
 ii 
 
 : 
 
 Drowned, Nov. 1, 1861, at Hatteras Inlet, 
 N.C. 
 Killed in action at Antietam. 
 
 Jackum, Nicholas 
 
 20 
 
 u 
 
 " 
 
 Killed in action at Antietam. 
 
 Judge, James 
 Leonard, Augustus 
 
 25 
 22 
 
 u 
 
 u 
 
 Promoted corporal, date not stated; died of 
 wounds received at Antietam. 
 Killed in action at Antietam. 
 
 L,ockwood, 
 Jabez C. F. 
 McDermott, Bernard 
 
 22 
 
 18 
 
 Aug. 15/61 
 " 1, 61 
 
 i 
 
 Killed in action at Antietam. 
 Killed in action at Antietam. 
 
 McEntee, James 
 
 19 
 
 " 5, 61 
 
 " 
 
 Killed in action at Antietam . 
 
 Smith, John 
 
 24 
 
 11 14, 61 
 
 " 
 
 Killed in action at Antietam. 
 
 Sweetman, Henry 
 
 19 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 " 
 
 Died of wounds received at Camden, N.C. 
 
 Van Syckle, 
 William B. 
 
 25 
 
 ^ i 
 
 " 
 
 Died of wounds received at Roanoke Island, 
 N.C. 
 
 DESERTED. 
 
 Nolan, Michael 
 
 19 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Sergeant 
 
 Jan. 4, 1863, at hospital. 
 
 Smith, Edward 
 
 19 
 
 <i " 
 
 Private 
 
 May 24, 1861, at Riker s Island, N. Y. 
 
 Thornton, Beverly E. 
 Winder, Ferdinand 
 
 19 
 21 
 
 
 
 Private 
 Co. F. 
 
 Private 
 
 Transferred to this company, May 4, 1861; 
 deserted, Aug. 30, 1861, at Newport News, 
 Va. 
 June 4, 1861, at New York, N.Y. 
 
 NOT ACCOUNTED FOR, 
 
 Scott, William 
 
 20 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Musician 
 
 No further record . 
 
 Harpell, Charles 
 
 23 
 
 " 
 
 Private 
 
 No further record. 
 
 Freeman, Charles 
 
 20 
 
 
 
 " 
 
 No further record . 
 
 Borstk, William 
 
 20 
 
 
 
 " 
 
 No further record . 
 
MUSTER-OUT ROLL of CAPT. WILLIAM H. HAMMIL S COMPANY F, 
 
 9TH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 Mustered out with the company, on the 2oth day of May, 1863. 
 
 CAPTAIN. 
 
 NAME. 
 
 AGE. 
 
 MUSTERED. 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 WHEN. | RANK. 
 
 Hammill, 
 William H. 
 
 24 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Captain 
 
 Wounded in Action at Camden, 
 
 N.C. 
 
 1st LIEUTENANT. 
 
 Graham, Matthew J. 
 
 23 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Sergeant 
 Co. A. 
 
 Promoted 1st sergeant, Dec. 1, 1861; 2d lieu 
 tenant, May 25, 1862; wounded in action at 
 Antietam; promoted 1st lieutenant, Com 
 pany F, Jan. 29, 1863. 
 
 3d LIEUTENANT. 
 
 Green, 
 
 David 
 
 J. 
 
 23 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Sergeant 
 
 Promoted 1st sergeant, Jan. 
 tenant, Nov. 1, 1862. 
 
 1, 1862; 
 
 yd 
 
 lieu- 
 
 1st SERGEANT. 
 
 Martin, 
 
 Peter J. 
 
 [m 
 
 May 4, 
 
 01 
 
 Sergeant 
 
 Captured at Plymouth, N.C.; exchanged- 
 promoted 1st sergeant, date not stated. 
 
 SERGEANTS. 
 
 Armstrong, 
 Robert W. 
 Denham, James l . 
 
 Ingersoll, William H. 
 
 18 
 22 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 " 13, 61 
 " 4, 61 
 
 Private 
 
 Promoted corporal, date not stated; ser 
 geant, Jan. 1, 1863. 
 Promoted sergeant, Oct. 1. 1861; wounded 
 in action at Camden, N.C. 
 Promoted sergeant, Sept. 5, 1862. 
 
 Meinacke, Theodore 
 
 35 
 
 (i il 
 
 tfc 
 
 Promoted sergeant, May 1, 1862. 
 
 CORPORALS. 
 
 Craft, George 
 
 21 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Private 
 
 Promoted corporal, Jan. 1, 1863. 
 
 
 
 
 Private 
 
 
 Dwire, David W. 
 Fink, John 
 
 21 
 29 
 
 it i 
 
 Co. I. 
 Private 
 
 Transferred to this company, May 4, 1861; 
 promoted corporal, June 1, 1861. 
 Promoted corporal, Oct. 1, 1861; wounded in 
 
 
 
 
 
 action at Camden, N.C. 
 
 Hughes, John L. 
 
 20 
 
 . " 
 
 " 
 
 Promoted corporal, Jan . 1, 1862; wounded in 
 
 
 
 
 
 action at Camden, N.C. 
 
 Wallenstein, Henry 
 
 21 
 
 " 
 
 " 
 
 Promoted corporal, Aug. 27, 1862. 
 
MUSTER-OUT ROLL. 
 COMPANY F. Continued. Mustered out with the Company. 
 
 MUSICIANS. 
 
 603 
 
 NAME. 
 
 AGE. 
 
 MUSTERED. 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 WHEN. 
 
 RANK. 
 
 Flockton, Thomas 
 Walsh, John F. 
 
 28 
 17 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Private 
 
 Musician 
 Co. H. 
 
 Promoted chief bugler, May 4, 1861; trans 
 ferred to Company D, date not stated; to 
 Company F, Dec. 27, 1862. 
 Transferred to this company, May 15, 1861 . 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 Berdan, William 
 
 20 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Private 
 
 
 Busch, Frederick 
 
 23 
 
 " 
 
 
 
 
 Byrd, Frederick 
 
 19 
 
 .1 
 
 " 
 
 
 Cochran, Thomas 
 
 18 
 
 .4 
 
 " 
 
 
 Cole, Alfred B. 
 
 22 
 
 It 
 
 11 
 
 
 Coalman, Louis 
 Daley, William H. 
 
 23 
 21 
 
 41 16, 61 
 
 " 4, 61 
 
 Private 
 Co. E. 
 Private 
 
 Transferred to this company, Aug. 21, 1861; 
 wounded in action at Camden, N.C. 
 
 Denham, William 
 
 
 " 13, 61 
 
 ti 
 
 
 Donohue, Thomas A. 
 
 19 
 
 4, 61 
 
 " 
 
 
 Duncan, William 
 
 28 
 
 " 13, 61 
 
 
 
 
 England, Jacob 
 
 22 
 
 " 4, 61 
 
 
 
 
 Fucot, L.ouis 
 
 28 
 
 " 
 
 " 
 
 
 Gray, John N. 
 Gunther, Henry 
 
 22 
 
 21 
 
 " " 
 
 ., 
 
 Captured at Plymouth, N.C.; prisoner of 
 war from Sept. 23 to Dec. 23, 1862. 
 Wounded in action at Camden, N.C. 
 
 Hartenfels, William 
 
 24 
 
 u 
 
 " 
 
 Wounded in action at Camden, N.C. 
 
 Hermans, William L. 
 
 21 
 
 " " 
 
 11 
 
 
 Hoffman, George B. 
 
 20 
 
 " 15, 61 
 
 " 
 
 
 Hollinswaithe, John 
 
 21 
 
 11 4, 61 
 
 " 
 
 
 Howard, Joseph D. 
 
 21 
 
 July 30, 61 
 
 
 
 Wounded in action at Rainbow Bluffs, N.C. 
 
 Hyne, Edwin K. 
 
 24 
 
 May 15, 61 
 
 11 
 
 
 Kelly, John J. 
 I.arkin, John 
 
 19 
 
 " 13, 61 
 Aug. 16, 61 
 
 
 
 Wounded and captured at Camden, N.C.; 
 exchanged and mustered out with com 
 pany. 
 
 Leonhard, Jacob 
 
 18 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 ii 
 
 
 Marshall, Samuel 
 Monk, Charles T. 
 
 21 
 
 18 
 
 it it 
 
 Private 
 Co. I. 
 Private 
 
 Transferred to^this company, May 5, 1861 . 
 
 Moore, Francis J. 
 
 20 
 
 " " 
 
 
 
 
 Munson, George W. 
 
 18 
 
 u 
 
 " 
 
 
 Parezo, Francis M. 
 
 28 
 
 " " 
 
 " 
 
 
 Keed, William H. 
 
 23 
 
 " " 
 
 Corporal 
 
 
6O4 
 
 MUSTER-OUT ROLL. 
 
 COMPANY F. Continued. Mustered out with the Company. 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 NAME. 
 
 AGE. 
 
 MUSTERED. 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 WHEN. 
 
 RANK. 
 
 Richards, Joseph H. 
 
 20 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Private 
 
 
 Riley, James 
 
 20 
 
 u 
 
 " 
 
 
 Ruff, Segimund 
 
 22 
 
 " 
 
 i< 
 
 
 Schleth, Henry W. 
 
 19 
 
 1C 
 
 
 
 
 Starr, Amos I,. 
 
 21 
 
 u 
 
 " 
 
 
 Taylor, George 
 
 19 
 
 l( it 
 
 
 
 
 Thompson, George C. 
 
 19 
 
 " 
 
 
 
 
 Von Grieff, Max 
 
 18 
 
 " 
 
 
 
 
 Weiss, John P. 
 
 20 
 
 " c. 
 
 " 
 
 Wounded in action at Camden, N.C. 
 
 West, Theodore F. 
 Westervelt, John H. 
 White, Joseph E. 
 
 22 
 22 
 
 " 15, 61 
 
 4, 61 
 u < 
 
 Private 
 Co. H. 
 Private 
 Co. I. 
 Private 
 
 Transferred to this company, May 15, 1861 . 
 Transferred to this company, May 5, 1861 . 
 
 Wiley, Charles H. 
 Wright, Clark 
 
 33 
 21 
 
 i, 
 
 Drum Major 
 Corporal 
 
 Transferred to this company as a privat< 
 when band was discharged . 
 
 DISCHARGED. 
 
 SERGEANT. 
 
 Wilcox, George W. 
 
 23 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Private 
 
 Promoted sergeant, Jan. l, 1862; wounded 
 and captured at Camden, N. C.; ex 
 
 
 
 
 
 changed; discharged for disability, Aug. 
 
 
 
 
 
 6, 1862, at Annapolis, Md. 
 
 CORPORAL,. 
 
 McMillan, John 
 
 32 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Corporal 
 
 By promotion to captain 87th N. Y. Vol., 
 
 
 
 
 
 Oct. 4,1861. 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 Afflick, Stephen D. 
 
 18 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Private 
 
 For disability at Newport News, Va., June 
 
 
 
 
 
 17,1861. 
 
 Brinkerhoff, 
 
 34 
 
 Aug. 12, 61 
 
 " 
 
 For disability at Newbern, N.C., Sept. 6, 
 
 Edward H. 
 
 
 
 
 1862. 
 
 Bruce, Orsamus H. 
 
 21 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 11 
 
 For disability at Hatteras Inlet, N.C., Oct. 
 
 
 
 
 
 7,1861. 
 
 Carpenter, Jasper, G. 
 
 
 " 13, 61 
 
 " 
 
 For disability at Newport News, Va., Aug. 
 
 
 
 
 
 20, 1861. 
 
 Clinton, Joel C. 
 
 25 
 
 Aug. 17, 61 
 
 i> 
 
 For disability, May 23, 1862. 
 
 Cosgrove, James 
 
 19 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 
 
 For disability at Newport News, Va., Aug. 
 
 
 
 
 
 20, 1861 . 
 
 Orookson, 
 
 Ahsalom A. 
 
 
 June 4, 61 
 
 4i 
 
 Taken prisoner at Camden, N. C.; dis 
 charged by promotion to captain 6th N.Y. 
 
 
 
 
 
 H.A. 
 
 Cummins, George G. 
 Eike, William H. 
 
 23 
 
 24 
 
 Aug. 8, 61 
 May 4, 61 
 
 
 
 Wounded in action at Camden, N.C; dis 
 charged for disability, Aug. 8, 1862. 
 For disability at Newport News, Va., Aug. 
 20, 1861 . 
 
MUSTER-OUT ROLL. 
 
 605 
 
 DISCHARGED. COMPANY F. Continued. 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 NAME. 
 
 AGE. 
 
 MUSTERED. 
 
 REMARKS . 
 
 WHEN. | RANK. 
 
 Eike, Charles 
 
 20 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Private 
 
 For disability at Newport News, Va., Aug. 
 
 
 
 
 
 20, 1861. 
 
 Green, George L.. 
 
 21 
 
 " 13, 61 
 
 " 
 
 For disability at Newport News, Va., Aug. 
 
 
 
 
 
 20, 1861 . 
 
 Grogan, Jolin 
 
 18 
 
 14 4, 61 
 
 " 
 
 For disability at Newport News, Va., Aug. 
 26, 1861 . 
 
 Hodgkins, Augustus 
 
 25 
 
 " " 
 
 " 
 
 For disability at Riker s Island, N. Y., June 
 1,1861. 
 
 Hughes, William H. 
 
 24 
 
 U U 
 
 " 
 
 For disability at Falmouth Sta., Va., Aug. 
 
 
 
 
 
 23, 1862. 
 
 Leaycraft, John C. 
 
 21 
 
 l " 
 
 * 
 
 For disability at Newport News, Va., Aug. 
 
 
 
 
 
 20, 1861. 
 
 Neiler, Benjamin F. 
 
 28 
 
 Aug. 6, 61 
 
 " 
 
 For disability at Newbern, N.C., Sept. 4, 
 1862 
 
 Parmenter, Henry 
 
 19 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 
 
 For disability at Newport News, Va., Aug. 
 
 
 
 
 
 20, 1861. 
 
 Plase, William 
 
 17 
 
 <i n 
 
 
 
 For disability at Riker s Island, N.Y., May 
 
 
 
 
 
 15, 1861 . 
 
 Read, Thomas 
 
 
 " 13, 61 
 
 i 
 
 For disability at Newport News, Va., Aug. 
 
 
 
 
 
 20, 1861 . 
 
 Renner, Henry C. 
 
 24 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Corporal 
 
 For disability at Newbern, N.C., Sept. 6, 
 
 
 
 
 
 1862. 
 
 Waldron, Charles H. 
 
 20 
 
 Aug. 26, 61 
 
 Private 
 
 For disability at Hatteras Inlet, N. C., Dec. 
 
 
 
 
 
 23, 1861 . 
 
 Wolff, Louis 
 
 23 
 
 " 1, 61 
 
 
 
 For disability at Hatteras Inlet, N.C., Nov. 
 
 
 
 
 
 18, 1861 . 
 
 TRANSFERRED 
 To 30 REGIMENT, N. Y. Volunteer Infantry, May 6, 1863. 
 
 CORPORALS. 
 
 Bagwell, William E. 
 
 27 
 
 July 28, 61 
 
 Private 
 
 Promoted corporal, May 20, 1862. 
 
 
 Johnson, Stephen 
 
 27 
 
 " 30, 61 
 
 
 
 Promoted corporal, May 1, 1862. 
 
 
 Vallade, Francis 
 
 20 
 
 Aug. 5, 61 
 
 
 Wounded in action at Camden, N 
 moted corporal, May 1, 1862. 
 
 C.; pro- 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 Beers, Henry A. M. 
 
 18 
 
 July 30, 61 
 
 Private 
 
 
 Cornwell, Charles H. 
 
 18 
 
 Aug. 10, 61 
 
 " 
 
 
 Denike, Alexanders. 
 
 22 
 
 " 3, 61 
 
 it 
 
 
 Depew, William 
 
 21 
 
 July 30, 61 
 
 11 
 
 
 Feistel, William 
 
 20 
 
 Aug. 1, 61 
 
 i 
 
 
 Fish, John B. 
 
 26 
 
 " 20, 61 
 
 " 
 
 
 Goodrich, Leonard 
 
 30 
 
 11 1, 61 
 
 ii 
 
 
 Howell, Francis 
 
 19 
 
 " 11, 61 
 
 " 
 
 
 Hoyt, John 
 
 18 
 
 " 7, 61 
 
 
 
 
 Johnson, John H. 
 
 29 
 
 " 11, 61 
 
 ,i 
 
 
 McDonnell, James 
 
 18 
 
 " 6, 61 
 
 " 
 
 
606 
 
 MUSTER-OUT ROLL. 
 
 TRANSFERRED. COMPANY F. Continued. 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 NAME. 
 
 AGE. 
 
 MUSTERED . 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 WHEN. 
 
 RANK. 
 
 Polhemus, 
 Adelhert C. 
 Reed, Samuel i:. 
 
 20 
 22 
 
 July 30, 61 
 " 28, 61 
 
 Private 
 
 
 Reid, George W. 
 
 18 
 
 Aug. 1, 61 
 
 " 
 
 
 Smith, George W. 
 
 18 
 
 " 9, 61 
 
 " 
 
 
 Spaulding, Allen D. 
 
 18 
 
 Nov. 12/62 
 
 " 
 
 
 Stewart, Charles H. 
 
 
 July 1, 61 
 
 11 
 
 
 Stockholm, John C. 
 
 20 
 
 Aug. 6, 61 
 
 11 
 
 
 Tate, Samuel 
 
 19 
 
 " 7, 61 
 
 " 
 
 
 Tumey, John W. 
 
 22 
 
 " 9, 61 
 
 11 
 
 
 Willis, Isaac N. 
 
 24 
 
 11 1, 61 
 
 11 
 
 
 DIED. 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 Bennett, John H. 
 Byrd, John 
 Dickson, William H. 
 Garrison, Lossetter 
 
 30 
 22 
 
 18 
 26 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Aug. 6, 61 
 " 7, 61 
 
 Private 
 
 Of disease at Newport News, Va.. July 26, 
 1861. 
 Wounded in action at Camden, N.C.; killed 
 in action at Antietam. 
 Of disease at Hatteras Inlet, N.C., Jan. 3, 
 1862. 
 Of disease at Plymouth, N.C., Sept. 24, 1862. 
 
 Justice, Thomas 
 Sheppard, Herman 
 
 24 
 
 23 
 
 " 4, 61 
 
 .c 
 
 Of disease at Hatteras Inlet, N.C., Oct. 13, 
 1861. 
 Killed in action at Camden, N.C. 
 
 Van II on ten, William 
 
 27 
 
 " 14/61 
 
 11 
 
 Of disease at Hatteras Inlet, Jan. 13, 1862. 
 
 Von Grieff, Otto 
 
 21 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 " 
 
 Promoted corporal, date not stated ; killed 
 in action at Camden, N.C. 
 
 DESERTED. 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 Bath, Theodore 
 
 20 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Private 
 
 At New York City, May 10, 1861 . 
 
 Lockwood, David 
 
 25 
 
 
 
 " 
 
 At New York City, May 10, 1861 . 
 
 O Hara, John 
 
 23 
 
 ,. 
 
 
 
 At New York City, May 10, 1861. 
 
 Smith, Julian 
 
 22 
 
 i > 
 
 " 
 
 At New York City, May 20, 1861. 
 
MUSTER-OUT ROLL of CAPTAIN CHARLES CHILDS COMPANY G, 
 
 QTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 Mustered out with the company, on the 2oth day of May, 1863. 
 
 CAPTAIN. 
 
 NAME. 
 
 AGE. 
 
 MUSTERED. 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 WHEN. 
 
 RANK. 
 
 Childs, 
 
 Charles W. 
 
 21 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 1st Lieut. 
 Co. A 
 
 Promoted captain, and transferred to this 
 company, March 15, 1862; wounded in ac 
 tion at Antietam. 
 
 1st LIEUTENANT. 
 
 Harrison, 
 
 John 
 
 s. 
 
 28 
 
 May 4, 
 
 61 
 
 1st Lieut. 
 
 
 3d LIEUTENANT. 
 
 Glasser, Charles W. 20 May 4, 61 Sergeant Promoted 1st sergeant, Jan. 1 1862- 2d lieu 
 tenant, Sept. 25, 1862. 
 
 1st SERGEANT. 
 
 Cannon, 
 
 Patrick 
 
 24 
 
 May 4, 
 
 61 
 
 Private 
 
 Wounded in action at Camden, 
 moted 1st sergeant, Nov. 26, 18( 
 
 N 
 
 2. 
 
 ( 1 
 
 ; pro- 
 
 SERGEANTS. 
 
 Clark, Peter 
 
 23 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Private 
 
 Promoted sergeant, Nov. 26, 1862. 
 
 Knight, Frank 
 
 21 
 
 i. 
 
 " 
 
 Promoted sergeant, July 1, 1861. 
 
 Reisser, Charles 
 
 26 
 
 it 
 
 <t 
 
 Promoted sergeant, Aug. 1, 1862. 
 
 Riley, Edward 
 
 19 
 
 " u 
 
 11 
 
 Promoted sergeant, Jan. 22, 1862. 
 
 CORPORALS. 
 
 Fronapfel, Valentine 
 Holland, Thomas 
 
 28 
 26 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Private 
 
 Promoted corporal, Jan. 21, 1862; wounded 
 in action at Camden, N.C. 
 Promoted corporal, Oct. 18, 1862. 
 
 Mannix, Patrick 
 
 20 
 
 " 
 
 " 
 
 Promoted corporal, Oct. 7, 1862. 
 
 On in u. Hugh 
 
 28 
 
 u 
 
 11 
 
 Promoted corporal, Nov. 26, 1862. 
 
 Slaight, David M. 
 
 30 
 
 <i 
 
 " 
 
 Promoted corporal, July 1, 1861. 
 
6O8 MUSTER-OUT ROLL. 
 
 COMPANY G. Continued. Mustered out with the Company. 
 
 MUSICIAN. 
 
 NAME. 
 
 AGE. 
 
 MUSTERED. 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 WHEN. 
 
 RANK. 
 
 Deary, James 
 
 21 
 
 Aug. 14, 62 
 
 Private 
 
 Mustered out as musician . 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 Ackergon, George 
 
 22 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Private 
 
 
 Barrett, Andrew 
 
 35 
 
 Aug. 6, 61 
 
 
 
 
 Brady, Michael 
 
 23 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 4k 
 
 
 Cannon, Cornelius 
 
 19 
 
 14 
 
 " 
 
 Wounded in action at Camden, N.C. 
 
 Collins, Thomas 
 
 22 
 
 " 
 
 11 
 
 
 Cornell, Alonzo 
 
 18 
 
 June 1, 61 
 
 " 
 
 
 Cotter, Patrick 
 
 19 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 " 
 
 Wounded in action at Antietam. 
 
 Crowley, David 
 
 21 
 
 " 
 
 11 
 
 
 Drake, James 
 
 27 
 
 " 
 
 11 
 
 
 Drum, Edward 
 
 23 
 
 .< .1 
 
 11 
 
 Wounded in action at Camden, N.C. 
 
 Eadas, John 
 
 20 
 
 " 
 
 " 
 
 
 Farley, Thomas 
 
 23 
 
 u < 
 
 " 
 
 
 Fields, William M. 
 
 23 
 
 June 1, 61 
 
 i 
 
 Wounded in action at Camden, N.C. 
 
 Gaffhey, John 
 
 19 
 
 July 31/61 
 
 " 
 
 Mustered out at New York City, Aug. 1, 1863. 
 
 Gehing, Anthony 
 
 20 
 
 May 6, 61 
 
 
 
 
 Hertling, Michael 
 
 21 
 
 " 4, 61 
 
 " 
 
 Wounded in action at Antietam . 
 
 Hill, William 
 
 21 
 
 .1 
 
 44 
 
 
 Keating, George H. 
 
 18 
 
 it 
 
 11 
 
 
 Kenna, Michael 
 
 30 
 
 t .. 
 
 " 
 
 
 King, James 
 
 20 
 
 Junel, 61 
 
 11 
 
 
 McDonough, Michael 
 
 19 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 " 
 
 
 McMurray, William 
 
 18 
 
 
 
 44 
 
 
 McSorley, Hugh 
 
 24 
 
 " 
 
 " 
 
 
 O Brien, Timothy 
 
 21 
 
 t 
 
 11 
 
 
 O Donnell, Charles 
 
 21 
 
 t, 
 
 44 
 
 
 Oesaii, John 
 
 21 
 
 t. 
 
 " 
 
 
 Patrick, Daniel 
 Shuart, Herman 
 
 19 
 20 
 
 11 6, 61 
 " 4, 61 
 
 : 
 
 Wounded and captured at Antietam; re 
 turned to duty, Nov. 28, 1862. 
 Wounded in action at Antietam. 
 
 Spark, Charles J. 
 
 21 
 
 " 
 
 " 
 
 
 Tourney, John 
 
 21 
 
 u 
 
 41 
 
 
 VanVarick, Joseph 
 
 21 
 
 Sept. 26, 61 
 
 I 
 
 
 Weaver, John C. 
 
 19 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 44 
 
 
MUSTER-OUT ROLL. 
 
 609 
 
 COMPANY G. Continued. Mustered out with the Company. 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 NAME. 
 
 AGE. 
 
 MUSTERED, 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 WHEN. | RANK. 
 
 Weisohar, Antoine 
 
 19 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Private 
 
 
 Wentz, Jacob 
 Williams, William 
 
 19 
 25 
 
 
 
 Private 
 Co. A. 
 Corporal 
 
 Transferred to this company, May 8, 18G1 . 
 
 TRANSFERRED 
 To 3D REGIMENT, N. Y. Volunteer Infantry, May 6, 1863. 
 
 CORPORALS. 
 
 Dean, Gilbert K. 
 
 36 
 
 Aug. 20, 61 
 
 Private 
 
 Promoted corporal, date not stated . 
 
 Russell, John 
 
 23 
 
 44 16, 61 
 
 11 
 
 Promoted corporal, March 4, 1863. 
 
 Toms, Edgar A. 
 
 21 
 
 Sept. 1, 61 
 
 " 
 
 Promoted corporal, Nov. 26, 1862. 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 Allison, James 
 
 19 
 
 Aug. 2, 61 
 
 Private 
 
 
 Avent, George E. 
 
 24 
 
 " 16, 62 
 
 11 
 
 
 Bogart, Cornelius 
 
 21 
 
 " 6, 61 
 
 
 
 
 Brosman, Daniel 
 
 19 
 
 Sept. 13, 62 
 
 
 
 
 Cohen, Leo 
 
 21 
 
 Aug. 28, 62 
 
 it 
 
 
 Collins, William 
 
 22 
 
 " 26, 61 
 
 44 
 
 
 Coulman, Charles 
 
 26 
 
 44 23, 62 
 
 " 
 
 Wounded in action at Antietam. 
 
 Coulman, Emil J. 
 
 20 
 
 " 
 
 44 
 
 Wounded in action at Antietam . 
 
 Cuthbert, Peter W. 
 Dealy, John 
 Delmotte, George E. 
 
 22 
 22 
 
 18 
 
 44 28. 62 
 Sept. 5, 62 
 Aug. 1, 61 
 
 Private 
 Co. D. 
 Private 
 Co. D. 
 Private 
 
 Transferred to this company, Oct. 25, 1862. 
 Transferred to this company, Oct. 25, 1862. 
 
 Doyle, James 
 
 22 
 
 Oct. 20, 62 
 
 
 
 
 Early, John 
 
 19 
 
 Aug. 17, 61 
 
 11 
 
 Wounded in action at Roanoke Island . 
 
 Johnson, Charles E. 
 
 20 
 
 44 27, 62 
 
 
 
 Kelly, Patrick 
 
 23 
 
 44 6, 61 
 
 
 
 
 Kennedy, John 
 
 18 
 
 " 19, 61 
 
 
 
 
 Kimbark, Alexander 
 
 29 
 
 Aug. 20, 62 
 
 " 
 
 
 Louiisberry, James S. 
 
 35 
 
 " 22, 62 
 
 44 
 
 
 McDonugh, Eugene 
 
 25 
 
 44 19, 61 
 
 11 
 
 
61O 
 
 MUSTER-OUT ROLL. 
 TRANSFERRED. COMPANY G. Continued. 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 NAME. 
 
 AGE. 
 
 MUSTERED. 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 WHEN. | RANK. 
 
 McElroy, Hugh 
 
 22 
 
 Aug. 9, 61 
 
 Private 
 
 Wounded in action at Camden, N.C. 
 
 Mitchel, Robert 
 
 23 
 
 July 31, 61 
 
 " 
 
 
 Mitchel, William 
 
 21 
 
 Aug. 30, 61 
 
 " 
 
 
 Murph, John F. 
 
 21 
 
 Sept. 3, 62 
 
 " 
 
 
 O Brien, Michael 
 
 18 
 
 Aug. 14, 61 
 
 " 
 
 
 Orr, James W. 
 
 21 
 
 " 30, 61 
 
 " 
 
 Wounded in action at Antietam. 
 
 Parker, John W. 
 
 24 
 
 " 26, 61 
 
 " 
 
 
 Rockwell, Thomas H. 
 
 23 
 
 Sept. 1, 62 
 
 " 
 
 
 Taylor, Edward 
 
 28 
 
 Aug. 14, 62 
 
 11 
 
 
 Teller, George 
 
 18 
 
 " 10, 61 
 
 11 
 
 
 Thompson, David L,. 
 Tice, William H. 
 
 25 
 20 
 
 11 13, 62 
 " 14, 62 
 
 , k 
 
 Wounded and captured at Antietam; pa 
 roled, Oct. 6, 1862; returned to company. 
 
 Todd, Benjamin D. 
 
 39 
 
 " 23, 62 
 
 " 
 
 
 Toms, George B. 
 
 26 
 
 Sept. 3, 61 
 
 
 
 Tyack, Solomon 
 
 23 
 
 u 4, 62 
 
 " 
 
 
 Walsh, Michael 
 
 21 
 
 Nov. 13, 62 
 
 " 
 
 
 Watson, John 
 
 21 
 
 Aug. 20, 62 
 
 " 
 
 
 DISCHARGED, 
 
 3d LIEUTENANTS. 
 
 Burdett, Richard A. 
 
 McElrath, 
 Thomson P. 
 
 21 
 25 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Sergeant 
 2d Lieut. 
 
 Promoted 1st sergeant, date not stated; 2d 
 lieutenant, Jan. 1, 1862; discharged by 
 resignation, Jan. 30, 1863. 
 Discharged to accept commission in 5th U. 
 S. Artillery, June 23, 1861. 
 
 CORPORALS. 
 
 Andrews, Stephen P. 
 Ebbis, William H. 
 
 18 
 20 
 
 May 4, 61 
 Aug. 19, 61 
 
 Corporal 
 Private 
 
 At New York, May 29, 1861, as being under 
 age. 
 Promoted corporal, Jan. 20, 1862; discharged 
 for disability, Nov. 28, 1862, at Falmouth 
 Station, Va, 
 
 MUSICIAN. 
 
 Matie, 
 
 William 
 
 19 
 
 May 
 
 4, 
 
 01 
 
 Musician 
 
 May, 
 
 1861, 
 
 at New 
 
 York, 
 
 N. Y. 
 
MUSTER-OUT ROLL. 
 DISCHARGED. COMPANY G. Continued. 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 61 1 
 
 NAME. 
 
 AGE. 
 
 MUSTERED. 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 WHEN. | RANK. 
 
 Allison, Evander 
 
 20 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Private 
 
 For disability, at Hatteras Inlet, N. C., 
 
 
 
 
 
 Dec. 5, 1861. 
 
 Allison, Garrett 
 
 18 
 
 i t 
 
 14 
 
 Wounded in action at Camden, N. C. ; dis 
 
 
 
 
 
 charged for disability at Pleasant Valley, 
 
 
 
 
 
 Md., Oct. 25, 1862. 
 
 Berthalf, Gilbert 
 
 33 
 
 .1 H 
 
 " 
 
 Wounded in action at Antietam; dis 
 
 
 
 
 
 charged for disability at Philadelphia, 
 Pa., Jan. 29, 1863. 
 
 Boulanger,Frederick 
 
 22 
 
 " " 
 
 " 
 
 For disability, at Newport News, Va., 
 
 Brinkm an, Frederick 
 
 33 
 
 U ,4 
 
 " 
 
 Aug. 19, 1861. 
 For disability, at New York, June 4, 1861. 
 
 Connelly, Thomas W. 
 
 25 
 
 Aug. 24, 61 
 
 
 
 Wounded in action at Antietam; dis 
 
 
 
 
 
 charged for disability at Baltimore, Md., 
 
 
 
 
 
 March 24, 1863. 
 
 Crook, Phillip 
 
 18 
 
 " 21, 61 
 
 " 
 
 Wounded in action at Antietam; dis 
 
 
 
 
 
 charged Nov. 11, 1862, by enlistment in 
 
 
 
 
 
 Fifth U.S. Cavalry. 
 
 Daley, Dennis 
 
 30 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 14 
 
 For disability, at Hatteras Inlet, N.C., Dec. 
 
 
 
 
 
 24, 1861. 
 
 Doherty, Daniel 
 
 22 
 
 t. .1 
 
 " 
 
 Captured on board the "Fanny," Oct. 1, 
 
 
 
 
 
 1861 ; discharged as paroled prisoner, May 
 
 
 
 
 
 21, 1862, at Washington, D. C. 
 
 Edsall, William H. 
 
 29 
 
 " " 
 
 41 
 
 Captured on board the "Fanny", Oct. 1, 
 
 
 
 
 
 1861; discharged as paroled prisoner, May 
 
 
 
 
 
 21, 1862, at Washington. D. C. 
 
 Edwards, 
 
 21 
 
 Aug. 7, 61 
 
 11 
 
 For disability, at Fortress Monroe, Va., 
 
 Augustus A. 
 
 
 
 
 Jan. 9, 1862. 
 
 Ellin, John 
 
 21 
 
 " 20, 61 
 
 " 
 
 For disability, at Philadelphia, Pa , Dec. 
 
 
 
 
 
 19, 1862. 
 
 Everard, Gardner 
 
 26 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 
 
 Captured on the "Fanny," Oct 1, 1861; pa 
 
 
 
 
 
 roled, May 11, 1862; discharged as paroled 
 
 
 
 
 
 prisoner. May 21, 1862. 
 
 Ferguson, Samuel H. 
 
 18 
 
 Aug. 23, 62 
 
 " 
 
 May 20, 1863; cause not stated. 
 
 Goodwin, William 
 
 29 
 
 k , 
 
 
 
 For disability, at Washington, D. C., Nov. 
 
 
 
 
 
 8, 1862. 
 
 Hass, Nicholas 
 
 26 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 11 
 
 For disability, at Newport News, Va., Aug. 
 
 
 
 
 
 19, 1861. 
 
 Hawes, Benjamin F. 
 
 20 
 
 l 41 
 
 " 
 
 For disability, at Newport News, Va., July 
 
 
 
 
 
 81, 1861. 
 
 Hawkey, George W. 
 
 21 
 
 tl l 
 
 " 
 
 For disability, at Newport News, Va., Aug. 
 
 
 
 
 
 26,1861. 
 
 Hodge, William M. 
 
 20 
 
 " " 
 
 " 
 
 For disability, at Newport News,Va., Aug. 
 
 
 
 
 
 19, 1861 . 
 
 Judge, Francis 
 
 21 
 
 44 14 
 
 " 
 
 For disability, at New York, May 13, 1861. 
 
 Kavanagh, Charles 
 
 30 
 
 it 
 
 " 
 
 For disability, at Newport News, Va., 
 
 
 
 
 
 Aug. 19, 1861. 
 
 Murdock, Andrew 
 
 32 
 
 Sept. 2, 61 
 
 " 
 
 Mustered to serve two years; mustered out 
 
 
 
 
 
 Sept. 2, 1863. 
 
 McMurray, John G. 
 
 22 
 
 Aug 19/62 
 
 >< 
 
 Mustered out June 13. 1865, at Baltimore, 
 
 
 
 
 
 Md. 
 
 Meyers, Horace W. 
 
 20 
 
 June 1, 61 
 
 11 
 
 For disability, at Newport News, Va., 
 
 
 
 
 
 Aug. 19,1861. 
 
 Moran, William 
 
 18 
 
 Aug. 14, 61 
 
 
 
 Captured on board the "Fanny," Oct. 1, 
 
 
 
 
 
 1861; discharged as paroled prisoner, at 
 
 
 
 
 
 Washington, D. C., May 21, 182 
 
 Murray, George E. 
 
 26 
 
 11 22, 62 
 
 " 
 
 For disability, at Newport News, Va., Dec. 
 
 90 1 QCO 
 
 Negus, Addison G. 
 
 22 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 " 
 
 *d, loO*6. 
 
 For disability, at Newport News, Aug. 19, 
 
 
 
 
 
 1861. 
 
 Parker, William J. 
 
 28 
 
 Aug. 26, 61 
 
 " 
 
 For disability, at Fortress Monroe, Va., 
 
 
 
 
 
 Jan. 10, 1862. 
 
 Reynolds, Jesse F. 
 
 27 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Private 
 
 Transferred to this company, May 8, 1861; 
 
 
 
 
 Co. A. 
 
 discharged for disability at Newport 
 
 
 
 
 
 News, Va.. Aug. 19, 1861. 
 
 Sorby, James 
 
 24 
 
 Aug. 20, 61 
 
 Private 
 
 For disability, at Pleasant Valley, Md. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Oct. 25, 1862. 
 
 Spoftord, Ira 
 
 39 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 11 
 
 For disability, at New York, N. Y., June 
 
 
 
 
 
 3, 1861. 
 
 Sullivan, Jeremiah 
 
 21 
 
 tt t 
 
 11 
 
 For disability, at New York, N. Y., June 4, 
 
 
 
 
 
 1861. 
 
612 
 
 MUSTER-OUT ROLL. 
 
 DISCHARGED. COMPANY G. Continued. 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 NAME. 
 
 AGE. 
 
 MUSTERED. 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 WHEN. 
 
 RANK. 
 
 Vischer 
 White, 
 
 , Henry 
 William 
 
 32 
 22 
 
 May 4, 61 
 Aug. 7, 61 
 
 Private 
 
 For disability, at Newport News,Va., Aug 
 19,1861. 
 Wounded and captured, at Camden, N. C., 
 discharged as paroled prisoner, at Wash 
 ington, D. C., May 21, 1862. 
 
 DIED. 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 Campbell, John 
 Conway, James 
 
 22 
 18 
 
 May 4, 61 
 Aug, 20, 61 
 
 Private 
 
 Died of disease, at Hatteras Inlet, N. (. ., 
 Oct. 15, 1861. 
 Killed in action at Antietam. 
 
 De L.avergne, 
 George A. 
 Demorest, John W. 
 
 Devlin, John 
 
 25 
 22 
 26 
 
 " 7, 62 
 May 4, 61 
 Aug. 16, 62 
 
 - 
 
 Killed in action at Antietam. 
 
 Died of disease, at Fortress Monroe, Va., 
 Dec. 18, 1861. 
 Killed in action at Antietam. 
 
 Flanigan, Patrick 
 
 24 
 
 July 81, 61 
 
 " 
 
 Killed in action at Antietam . 
 
 Holland, Patrick 
 Hopper, Jacab H. 
 
 19 
 23 
 
 May 4, 61 
 Aug. 18, 62 
 
 : 
 
 Promoted sergeant, Jan . 20, 1862; killed in 
 action at Antietam. 
 Killed in action at Antietam . 
 
 Hubbard, Brainard 
 
 18 
 
 u 12, 61 
 
 
 
 Killed in action at Antietam. 
 
 Knapp, William 
 Negus, Allen W. 
 
 18 
 25 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 44 
 
 Promoted corporal, date not stated; died of 
 disease at Hatteras Inlet, N. C., Oct. 23, 
 1861. 
 Killed in action at Antietam. 
 
 O L,eary, William 
 
 22 
 
 Aug. 22, 61 
 
 " 
 
 Died of disease, at Washington, D.C., Feb. 
 26, 1863.* 
 
 MISSING IN ACTION. 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 Thompson, Alfred 
 McQuade, Henry 
 
 19 
 23 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Private 
 
 Missing in action at Antietam. 
 Missing in action at Antietam. 
 
 DESERTED. 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 Carroll, John 
 
 19 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Private 
 
 Oct. 30, 1862, at hospital Washington, D.C. 
 
 Decker, William E. 
 
 19 
 
 u 
 
 
 
 May, 1861, at Riker s Island, N. Y. 
 
 Marshall, John 
 
 20 
 
 " " 
 
 " 
 
 May, 1861, at Riker s Island, N. Y. 
 
MUSTER-OUT ROLL. 
 
 613 
 
 DESERTED. COMPANY G. Continued. 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 NAME. 
 
 AGE. 
 
 MUSTERED. 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 WHEN. | RANK. 
 
 Muller, Simon 
 
 19 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Private 
 
 Feb. 25, 1862, while on furlough. 
 
 Murgor, John W. 
 Scott, William 
 
 22 
 26 
 
 n u 
 
 
 
 Promoted corporal, date not stated; de 
 serted, at Washington, D. C., Oct. 30, 
 1862. 
 Oct. 10, 1862, at hospital, Washington, D.C. 
 
 Van Name, Aaron 
 
 26 
 
 Aug. 14, 62 
 
 44 
 
 Nov. 12, 1862, while on sick furlough. 
 
 NOT ACCOUNTED FOR. 
 
 PRIVATE. 
 
 Kabele, 
 
 John 
 
 24 
 
 May 
 
 4, 61 
 
 Private 
 
 No 
 
 further 
 
 record . 
 
MUSTER-OUT ROLL of CAPTAIN HENBY C. PERLEY S COMPANY H, 
 9TH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 
 Mustered out with the company, May 2oth, 1863. 
 
 CAPTAIN. 
 
 NAME. 
 
 AGE. 
 
 MUSTERED. 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 WHEN. 
 
 RANK. 
 
 Perley, 
 
 Henry C. 
 
 19 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 1st Lieut. 
 Co. F. 
 
 Promoted 
 company 
 
 captain and transferred 
 , March 1, 1863. 
 
 to this 
 
 1st LIEUTENANT. 
 
 McKechnie, 
 
 Robert 
 
 25 
 
 May 4 
 
 , 61 
 
 Sergeant 
 
 Promoted 1st sergeant, 
 lieutenant, Dec. 22, 1861 
 March 5, 1862. 
 
 June 
 
 ; 1st 
 
 10, 1861; 2d 
 lieutenant, 
 
 2d LIEUTENANT. 
 
 Rankin, 
 
 Thomas 
 
 26 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Corporal 
 
 Promoted s( 
 geant, Dec 
 8,1863.1 
 
 irgeant, 
 22, 1861; 
 
 June 10, 1861; 1st ser- 
 2d lieutenant, March 
 
 1st SERGEANT. 
 
 Johnston, 
 
 Robert 
 
 M. 
 
 23 
 
 May 4, 
 
 61 
 
 Sergeant 
 
 Promoted 1st sergeant, March 15, 
 
 1863. 
 
 SERGEANTS. 
 
 Hodges, Thomas 
 
 29 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Sergeant 
 
 Wounded in action at Antietam. 
 
 MoMahon, Hugh 
 Woolcot, William 
 
 31 
 23 
 
 .. u 
 
 Private 
 Corporal 
 
 Promoted corporal Oct. 1, 1861 ; wounded in 
 action at Camden, N. C.; promoted ser 
 geant, March 15, 1863. 
 Promoted sergeant, Dec. 22, 1861. 
 
 CORPORALS. 
 
 Bower, William 
 
 18 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Private 
 
 Promoted corporal, March 15, 1863. 
 
 
 Burns, William H. 
 Daney, Alexander 
 
 Matthews, William 
 
 21 
 21 
 
 21 
 
 
 
 
 Wounded in action at Camden, N. C.; pro 
 moted corporal, Feb. 1, 1863. 
 Promoted corporal, Dec. 22, 1861; wounded 
 and captured at Camden, N. C.; ex 
 changed. 
 Promoted corporal, Oct. 1, 1861. 
 
 Newman, Henry 
 
 19 
 
 
 " 
 
 Promoted corporal, Dec. 22, 1861. 
 
 
 Norris, William 
 
 20 
 
 it 11 
 
 
 Promoted corporal, Feb. 1, 1863. 
 
 
* MUSTER-OUT ROLL. 
 
 COMPANY H Continued. Mustered out with the Company. 
 MUSICIANS. 
 
 615 
 
 NAME. 
 
 AGE. 
 
 MUSTERED. 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 WHEN. 
 
 RANK. 
 
 Curtis, Wilbur F. 
 Kempe, Adolph 
 
 33 
 17 
 
 May 4, 61 
 Jan. 1. 62 
 
 Private 
 Private 
 Co. G 
 103d N.Y. 
 
 Appointed bugler, May 17, 1861. 
 
 Transferred to this regiment and company 
 Jan. 15, 1863; mustered o\it as musician. 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 Barton, David 
 
 22 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Private 
 
 
 Bradley, Robert 
 
 19 
 
 " 
 
 " 
 
 
 Burk, Thomas 
 
 28 
 
 ,. 
 
 41 
 
 Wounded in action at Camden, N. C. 
 
 Carter, George B. 
 
 23 
 
 " 31, 61 
 
 " 
 
 Wounded in action at Camden, N. C. 
 
 Cottrell, Elijah 
 
 30 
 
 " 4, 61 
 
 " 
 
 
 Crosson, John 
 
 23 
 
 
 
 " 
 
 Wounded in action at Antietam. 
 
 Dewey, Robert J. 
 
 19 
 
 u 
 
 11 
 
 
 Geiiderman, John 
 
 21 
 
 " 
 
 " 
 
 
 Gillespie, John 
 
 19 
 
 l 
 
 ii 
 
 
 Gurdrey, Timothy 
 
 25 
 
 Q 
 
 
 
 
 Hamilton, 
 Alexander F. 
 Hammer, Francis 
 
 Hartley, William 
 
 21 
 20 
 
 June 4, 61 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Musician 
 103d N. Y. 
 Private 
 
 Transferred to this company and regiment, 
 Jan. 15, 1863. 
 
 Huber, John P. 
 
 18 
 
 u 
 
 " 
 
 
 Irwin, Henry 
 
 21 
 
 " 
 
 " 
 
 
 Jessup, William 
 
 28 
 
 " 18, 61 
 
 ii 
 
 
 Johnston, George W. 
 
 20 
 
 " 4, 61 
 
 " 
 
 
 Kauth, Francis 
 
 19 
 
 4, 
 
 it 
 
 Wounded in action at Antietam. 
 
 Krekel, William 
 
 20 
 
 " 
 
 " 
 
 
 Km iit/., John H. 
 
 21 
 
 ,i I. 
 
 
 
 
 Leslie, William 
 
 20 
 
 U 
 
 l 
 
 
 Lowe, George I>. 
 
 18 
 
 " 
 
 " 
 
 
 Maxwell, Alexander 
 
 19 
 
 U 
 
 
 
 
 Mayer, Edward 
 
 24 
 
 u 
 
 " 
 
 
 McDermott, Peter 
 
 19 
 
 " " 
 
 
 
 
 McGiniiis, James 
 
 21 
 
 " 
 
 " 
 
 Wounded in action at Antietam. 
 
 McNamara, Francis 
 
 26 
 
 " 
 
 
 
 
 Murphy, Martin 
 
 21 
 
 " " 
 
 " 
 
 
 Murtha, Patrick 
 
 24 
 
 Jan. 14, 62 
 
 " 
 
 Enlisted at Hatteras Inlet, N. C. 
 
 Naeber, Thomas A. 
 
 20 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 
 
 
 Nash, Patrick 
 
 19 
 
 " 
 
 * k 
 
 Wounded in action at Camden, N. C. 
 
616 
 
 MUSTER-OUT ROLL, 
 
 COMPANY H. Continued. Mustered out with the Company. 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 NAME. 
 
 AGE. 
 
 MUSTERED. 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 WHEN. 
 
 RANK. 
 
 Paulding, William 
 
 18 
 
 Aug. 22, 61 
 
 Private 
 
 
 Twaddle, John 
 
 19 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 " 
 
 Wounded in action at Antietam. 
 
 Vaulinda, Samuel P. 
 
 17 
 
 Sept. 26, 62 
 
 " 
 
 Mustered out as musician . 
 
 Wallace, Thomas 
 
 20 
 
 May 4/61 
 
 " 
 
 
 Williams, Thomas 
 
 18 
 
 K i 
 
 11 
 
 
 Wiseman, Charles 
 
 20 
 
 " 
 
 
 
 
 Witt, Francis 
 
 19 
 
 " 
 
 " 
 
 
 Wood, Dewitt 
 
 20 
 
 11 
 
 Sergeant 
 
 
 Wyman, Charles 
 
 18 
 
 " " 
 
 Private 
 
 
 TRANSFERRED 
 To 30 REGIMENT, N. Y. Volunteer Infantry, May 6, 1863. 
 
 CORPORALS. 
 
 Preston, Patrick 
 Leslie, John R. 
 
 19 
 
 24 
 
 July 31, 61 
 Aug. 8, 61 
 
 Private 
 it 
 
 Wounded in action at Camden, N. C.; pro 
 moted corporal, date not stated. 
 Promoted corporal, date not stated; 
 wounded in action at Antietam. 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 Biegen, Henry 
 
 19 
 
 Aug. 8, 61 
 
 Private 
 
 - 
 
 Browning, John 
 
 20 
 
 u 30, 62 
 
 11 
 
 
 Burhans, Jacob L. 
 
 21 
 
 " 20/62 
 
 " 
 
 
 Byrnes, James 
 
 18 
 
 Oct. 16, 62 
 
 " 
 
 
 Carter, Willard 
 
 19 
 
 Aug. 13, 62 
 
 " 
 
 
 Coyle, James 
 
 25 
 
 Sept. 25, 62 
 
 " 
 
 
 Eckstein, Isaac 
 
 22 
 
 Oct. 24, 62 
 
 " 
 
 
 Faddan, William H. 
 
 19 
 
 Sept. 16, 62 
 
 " 
 
 
 Kalian, Peter 
 
 20 
 
 Aug. 8, 61 
 
 " 
 
 
 Folwell, Cortland 
 
 19 
 
 " 28, 62 
 
 
 
 
 Glock, Bernard 
 
 20 
 
 " 10, 61 
 
 " 
 
 
 Hankinson, 
 Thomas D. 
 Hickey, Dennis J. 
 
 20 
 19 
 
 " 29, 62 
 " 5, 61 
 
 
 
 
 Joyce, Patrick 
 
 31 
 
 Sept. 15, 62 
 
 " 
 
 
 Kahn, Isaac 
 
 19 
 
 3, 61 
 
 " 
 
 
MUSTER-OUT ROLL, 
 
 617 
 
 TRANSFERRED. COMPANY H. Continued. 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 NAME. 
 
 AGE. 
 
 MUSTERED. 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 WHEN. ) RANK 
 
 Kleiner, Alexander 
 
 19 
 
 Aug. 7, 61 
 
 Private 
 
 
 Kratt, Christopher 
 
 20 
 
 " 10, 61 
 
 " 
 
 
 L,awlor, Andrew 
 
 19 
 
 Oct. 16, 62 
 
 " 
 
 
 Lynch, John 
 
 22 
 
 Aug. 25, 62 
 
 " 
 
 
 Martin, James J. 
 
 18 
 
 " 26, 62 
 
 " 
 
 
 McClelland, John 
 
 18 
 
 " 2, 61 
 
 11 
 
 
 McCormick, Patrick 
 
 20 
 
 " 8, 61 
 
 11 
 
 
 McCormlck, Patrick 
 
 21 
 
 Oct. 16, 62 
 
 " 
 
 
 Naeber, John 
 
 22 
 
 Sept. 4, 61 
 
 11 
 
 
 Netter, James 
 
 18 
 
 Oct. 20, 62 
 
 
 
 
 Nolan, Henry J. 
 
 19 
 
 Aug. 5, 61 
 
 " 
 
 Wounded in action at Camden, N. c. 
 
 O Hara. James 
 
 18 
 
 " 25, 62 
 
 " 
 
 
 Owens, Bernard 
 
 19 
 
 Oct. 14, 62 
 
 " 
 
 
 Patrick, James 
 
 19 
 
 Aug. 25, 62 
 
 11 
 
 
 Reilly, Andrew 
 
 18 
 
 Oct. 6, 62 
 
 " 
 
 
 Reilly, John 
 
 19 
 
 Aug. 9, 61 
 
 " 
 
 
 Schneider, Charles E. 
 
 19 
 
 Sept. 3, 61 
 
 
 
 
 DISCHARGED. 
 
 CAPTAIN. 
 
 Ilodrigues, Joseph C. 
 
 30 
 
 May 
 
 4, 61 
 
 Captain 
 
 By resignation, 
 
 Dec. 
 
 29, 1862. 
 
 1st LIEUTENANT. 
 
 Rossell, 
 
 William 
 
 H. 
 
 24 
 
 May 
 
 87, 
 
 01 
 
 Private 
 Co. I. 
 
 Promoted 1st lieutenant, May 31, 1861; trans 
 ferred to this company, Feb. 3, 1862; dis 
 charged by resignation, Feb. 15, 1862. 
 
 3d LIEUTENANT. 
 
 Lafon, Vincent F. 
 
 21 
 
 May 4, 1 61 
 
 2d Lieut. 
 
 Discharged to date May 17, 1861. 
 
 SERGEANT. 
 
 Byrne, John 
 
 21 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Corporal 
 
 Promoted sergeant, June 10, 1861; wounded 
 at Antietam; discharged for disability at 
 Philadelphia, Pa., April 17, 1863. 
 
618 
 
 MUSTER-OUT ROLL. 
 DISCHARGED. COMPANY H. Continued. 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 NAME. 
 
 AGE. 
 
 MUSTERED. 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 WHEN. | RANK. 
 
 Beimer, Francis 
 
 19 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Private 
 
 Wounded while on picket; discharged for 
 
 
 
 
 
 disability, Aug. 20, 1861, at Newport 
 
 
 
 
 
 News, Va 
 
 Black, John 
 
 19 
 
 " " 
 
 11 
 
 At New York, May 7, 1861; no cause as 
 
 
 
 
 
 signed. 
 
 Brady, Jolin T. 
 
 18 
 
 " " 
 
 Corporal 
 
 For disability, Aug. 20, 1861, at Newport 
 
 
 
 
 
 News, Va. 
 
 Dockstader, Crosby 
 
 26 
 
 " " 
 
 Private 
 
 May 21, 1861, at New York, N. Y. 
 
 Dockstader, Lancy 
 
 26 
 
 .1 
 
 
 
 For disability, Jan. 29, 1863, at Convalescent 
 
 
 
 
 
 Camp, Va. 
 
 Fauth, Jacob A. 
 
 18 
 
 Aug. 9, 62 
 
 lt 
 
 For disability, Jan. 29, 1863, at Washington, 
 
 
 
 
 
 D. C. 
 
 Finch, Matthew M. 
 
 20 
 
 May 31, 61 
 
 " 
 
 For disability, Aug. 20, 1861, at Newport 
 
 
 
 
 
 News, Va. 
 
 Lyons, James H. 
 
 19 
 
 4, 61 
 
 " 
 
 May 11, 1861, at New York, N. Y. 
 
 McCormick, Jolin 
 
 19 
 
 . 
 
 
 
 For disability, Aug. 20, 1861, at Newport 
 
 
 
 
 
 News, Va. 
 
 Moore, Lafayette 
 
 18 
 
 .. it 
 
 11 
 
 For disability, May 4, 1861, at New York, 
 
 
 
 
 
 N. Y. 
 
 Owens, John 
 
 19 
 
 *. n 
 
 < 
 
 Wounded in action at Antietam ; discharged 
 
 
 
 
 
 for disability, Feb. 25, 1863, at Philadel 
 
 Reese, William 
 
 19 
 
 " 5, 61 
 
 ., 
 
 phia, Pa. 
 Wounded in action at Antietam; dis 
 
 
 
 
 
 charged for disability, Jan. 8, 1863, at 
 
 
 
 
 
 Convalescent Camp, Va. 
 
 Simig, Bernard 
 
 22 
 
 4. 61 
 
 " 
 
 For disability, April 1, 1863, at Baltimore, 
 
 
 
 
 
 Md. 
 
 Simons, Harris 
 
 21 
 
 " " 
 
 " 
 
 For disability, Aug. 20, 1861, at Newport 
 
 
 
 
 
 News, Va. 
 
 Snyder, Samuel 
 
 20 
 
 i li 
 
 " 
 
 Wounded in action at Fredericksburg, Va.; 
 
 
 
 
 
 discharged for disability, April 25, 1863, at 
 
 
 
 
 
 New York, N. Y. 
 
 Thompson, Adam 
 
 18 
 
 Aug. 9, 61 
 
 Private 
 Co. G. 
 
 Transferred to this company, Sept. 26, 
 1861 ; discharged for disability, May 26, 
 
 
 
 
 
 1862, at Roanokc Island, N. C. 
 
 Trotter, Frances 
 
 20 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Private 
 
 Captured on board the " Fanny," Oct. 1, 
 1861; mustered out as paroled prisoner, 
 
 
 
 
 
 May 21, 1862, at Washington, D. C. 
 
 Wallace, John 
 
 21 
 
 Aug. 29, 61 
 
 
 
 Wounded in action at Antietam; dis 
 
 
 
 
 
 charged for disability, Dec. 11, 1862, at 
 
 
 
 
 
 Baltimore, Md. 
 
 Wood, William H. 
 
 21 
 
 July 31, 61 
 
 " 
 
 For disability, Dec. 27, 1861, at Fortress 
 
 
 
 
 
 Monroe, Va. 
 
 Wyman, William 
 
 20 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 " 
 
 For disability, Aug. 20, 1861, at Newport 
 
 
 
 
 
 News, Va. 
 
 DIED. 
 
 
 
 
 CORPORALS. 
 
 
 
 
 liiisii m, Christian 
 Patterson, William 
 
 22 
 
 19 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Private 
 
 Promoted corporal, Oct. 1, 
 action at Antietam. 
 Promoted corporal, June 10, 
 action at Antietam (was 
 guard at that time.) 
 
 1861 
 
 1861 
 in 
 
 ; killed in 
 
 ; killed in 
 the color 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 Cavanaugh, 
 
 20 
 
 July 
 
 31, 61 
 
 Private 
 
 Killed in action at Camden, 
 
 N. C. 
 
 William D. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Daly, Patrick 
 
 19 
 
 Aug. 
 
 30, 61 
 
 " 
 
 Killed in action at Camden, 
 
 N. C. 
 
MUSTER-OUT ROLL. 
 DIED. COMPANY H. Continued. 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 619 
 
 NAME. 
 
 AGE. 
 
 MUSTERED. 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 WHEN. | RANK. 
 
 Donohue, Francis 
 
 19 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Private 
 
 Killed in action at Antietam. 
 
 Eisley, John A. 
 
 24 
 
 " 
 
 Private 
 Co. G. 
 
 Transferred to this company, Sept. 26, 1861; 
 died of wound received at Camden, N. C. 
 
 Fleming, David 
 
 18 
 
 Aug. 5, 61 
 
 Private 
 Co. F. 
 
 Transferred to this company, Jan. 1, 186;. ; 
 killed in action at Antietam. 
 
 Johnston, David 
 
 19 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Private 
 
 Transferred to this company, Jan. 1, 1862; 
 
 
 
 
 Co. F. 
 
 killed in action at Antietam. 
 
 Johnston, John 
 
 29 
 
 July 81, 61 
 
 Private 
 
 Died of wounds received at Antietam. 
 
 Magne, George 
 
 24 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 
 
 Killed in action at Camden, N. C. 
 
 O Connell, John 
 
 18 
 
 Aug. 27, 61 
 
 Private 
 Co. G. 
 
 Transferred to this company, Sept. 26, 1861; 
 died of wounds received in action at 
 
 
 
 
 
 Antietam. 
 
 Pearson, Thomas 
 
 22 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Private 
 
 Died of wounds received at Antietam. 
 
 Stephenson, 
 
 18 
 
 Aug. 2, 01 
 
 
 
 Killed in action at Antietam. 
 
 William K. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Vanness, Samuel J. 
 
 19 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Drummer 
 
 Died of disease, Aug. 9, 1862, at Newport 
 
 
 
 
 
 News, "Va. 
 
 Walaii, John 
 
 28 
 
 Aug. 12, 61 
 
 Private 
 Co. G. 
 
 Transferred to this company, Sept. 26, 1861; 
 drowned off transport near Aquia Creek, 
 
 
 
 
 
 Va., Aug. 13, 1862. 
 
 DESERTED. 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 Black, Robert 
 
 
 
 Private 
 
 In May, 1861. 
 
 Burns, John 
 
 23 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 ti 
 
 At New York, May 5, 1861. 
 
 Davis, David 
 
 27 
 
 
 
 
 
 At New York, May 5, 1861. 
 
 Hart, Henry 
 
 18 
 
 ,i 
 
 " 
 
 At Rockville, Md., Sept. 9, 1862. 
 
 Cole, Calvin 
 Mallett, Theodore 
 McBride, Matthew 
 
 30 
 21 
 22 
 
 Aug. 22, 61 
 Sept. 1, 62 
 Aug. 26, 62 
 
 Private 
 Co. I. 
 Private 
 Co. G. 
 Private 
 
 Transferred to this company, Dec. 8, 1861 
 deserted at Rockville, Md., Sept. 9, 1862. 
 Transferred to this company, Nov. 25, 1862; 
 deserted at Falmouth, Va., Nov. 30, 1862. 
 At New York, May 1, 1863. 
 
 McCaffy, Michael 
 
 24 
 
 Oct. 3, 62 
 
 11 
 
 At New York, May 1, 1863. 
 
 Orr, James 
 
 19 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 " 
 
 At New York, May 15, 1861. 
 
 Righy, Thomas 
 
 21 
 
 " 
 
 " 
 
 At Riker s Island, May 21, 1861. 
 
 Schradin, Henry 
 
 20 
 
 u 
 
 
 
 May 5, 1861, at New York, N. Y. 
 
 Skinner, John C. 
 
 32 
 
 i 
 
 " 
 
 May 5, 1861, at New York, N. Y. 
 
 White, Samuel 
 
 20 
 
 Oct. 8. 62 
 
 " 
 
 Nov. 30, 1862, at Falmouth Sta., Va. 
 
MUSTER-OUT ROLL of CAPTAIN LAWRENCE LEAHY S COMPANY I, 
 
 QTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 Mustered out with the company, on the 2oth day of May, 1863. 
 
 CAPTAIN. 
 
 NAME. 
 
 AGE. 
 
 MUSTERED. 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 WHEN. 
 
 RANK. 
 
 Leahy, Lawrence 
 
 21 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 1st Lieut. 
 
 Promoted captain, March 
 
 15, 1862. 
 
 1st LIEUTENANT. 
 
 Fleming 
 
 James 
 
 H. 
 
 26 
 
 May 4, 
 
 61 
 
 2d 
 
 Lieut. 
 
 Promoted 1st lieutenant, 
 
 Feb. 
 
 14, 
 
 1862. 
 
 3d LIEUTENANT. 
 
 Andrews, 
 
 William 
 
 8. 
 
 20 
 
 May 4, 
 
 61 
 
 1st Sergeant 
 Co G 
 
 Promoted 2d lieutenant, June 24, 1861; de 
 tailed signal officer at army headquarters. 
 
 1st SERGEANT. 
 
 Paret, 
 
 Charles 
 
 H. 
 
 25 
 
 May 
 
 4, 61 
 
 Sergeant 
 
 Promoted 1st sergeant, 
 
 Nov. 
 
 1, 1862. 
 
 SERGEANTS. 
 
 Kervan, Edward H. 
 
 20 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Private 
 Co. F. 
 
 Transferred to this company, May 5, 1861 ; 
 promoted sergeant same date; wounded 
 
 
 
 
 
 in action at Antietam. 
 
 McKinley, John 
 
 27 
 
 it 14 
 
 Private 
 
 Wounded in action at Camden, N. C. ; pro 
 
 
 
 
 
 moted corporal, May 1, 1862: sergeant, 
 
 
 
 
 
 Nov. 1. 1862. 
 
 Ross, John G. 
 
 21 
 
 il il 
 
 
 
 Promoted corporal, Oct. 1,1861; sergeant, 
 
 
 
 
 
 Nov. 1,1861. 
 
 Rourke, Thomas 
 
 24 
 
 
 Sergeant 
 
 
 CORPORALS. 
 
 Boyd, Dewitt C. 
 
 19 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Private 
 
 Promoted corporal, Oct. 23, 1862, 
 
 Brown, William 
 
 24 
 
 ii 
 
 " 
 
 Promoted corporal, March 7, 1863. 
 
 Davis, John S. 
 
 20 
 
 it u 
 
 Corporal 
 
 
 Gough, James J. 
 
 21 
 
 i 
 
 Private 
 
 Promoted corporal, Feb. 12, 1862. 
 
 Hill, Charles E. 
 
 26 
 
 it 
 
 Corporal 
 
 Wounded in action at Camden, N. C. 
 
 Severence, William 
 
 25 
 
 tt t. 
 
 Private 
 
 Promoted corporal, Nov. 1, 1862. 
 
MUSTER-OUT ROLL. 
 COMPANY I. Continued. .Mustered out with the Company. 
 
 MUSICIAN. 
 
 621 
 
 NAME. 
 
 AGE. 
 
 Musi 
 WHEN. 
 
 n ERED . 
 
 RANK. 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 Scott, William T. 
 
 19 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Musician 
 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 Bartlett. 
 
 Frederick E. 
 Bell, Richard 
 
 24 
 20 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Private 
 
 
 Bliss, Joseph D. 
 
 19 
 
 44 
 
 " 
 
 Wounded in action at Antietam. 
 
 Bolger, Thomas 
 
 19 
 
 u It 
 
 ii 
 
 
 Cavanaugh, James 
 
 27 
 
 11 
 
 
 
 
 Cockefair, William 
 
 22 
 
 " 
 
 " 
 
 Wounded in action at Camden, N. C. 
 
 Colton, Michael 
 
 22 
 
 " 
 
 " 
 
 
 Donavan, Timothy D. 
 
 20 
 
 " " 
 
 (i 
 
 
 Downey, Dennis 
 
 
 " 27, 61 
 
 
 
 
 Driscoll, William 
 
 19 
 
 " 4, 61 
 
 
 
 
 Edie, Charles B. 
 
 21 
 
 " 
 
 
 
 
 Flanagan, William 
 
 22 
 
 " 
 
 " 
 
 
 Graham, Charles D. 
 
 19 
 
 " 
 
 " 
 
 
 Hagan, Daniel J. 
 
 21 
 
 44 It 
 
 
 
 
 Johnston, Charles F. 
 
 21 
 
 11 11 
 
 14 
 
 Wounded in action at Camden, N. C. 
 
 Kirman. James 
 
 19 
 
 4, 
 
 " 
 
 
 Kitz, Nicholas 
 
 22 
 
 11 (( 
 
 11 
 
 
 Krohr, William 
 
 21 
 
 " 
 
 " 
 
 
 Lanagau, Edward 
 
 25 
 
 " 
 
 " 
 
 
 Luckmeyer, John 
 
 23 
 
 44 
 
 " 
 
 
 McCaffrey, Francis 
 
 20 
 
 li 
 
 " 
 
 
 Meyers, William 
 
 19 
 
 
 
 " 
 
 
 Milling, John 
 
 22 
 
 4, 
 
 
 
 
 Moore, William 
 
 18 
 
 " 
 
 tt 
 
 
 Platt, Lewis A. 
 
 29 
 
 , 
 
 
 
 Wounded in action at Antietam. 
 
 Schultz, James 
 
 19 
 
 " 
 
 " 
 
 Wounded in action at Antietam . 
 
 Schwartz, Jacob 
 
 21 
 
 <l 
 
 " 
 
 
 Smythe, William H. 
 
 24 
 
 .. 
 
 " 
 
 Wounded in action at Antietam. 
 
 Sweeney, Peter B. 
 
 18 
 
 
 
 " 
 
 
 Thain, Hamilton W. 
 Turner, John 
 
 18 
 20 
 
 u 
 
 Private 
 Co. F. 
 Private 
 
 Transferred to this company, May 5, 1861; 
 wounded in action at Antietam . 
 
622 MUSTER-OUT ROLL. 
 
 COMPANY I. Continued. Mustered out with the Company. 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 NAME. 
 
 AGE. 
 
 MUSTERED. 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 WHEN. 
 
 RANK. 
 
 Warke, William 
 
 
 May , 15 61 
 
 Private 
 
 
 Watterson, Henry W. 
 
 19 
 
 " 4, 61 
 
 11 
 
 
 Wareing, William H. 
 
 25 
 
 " 15, 61 
 
 " 
 
 
 TRANSFERRED 
 To 30 REGIMENT, N. Y. Volunteer Infantry, May 6, 1863. 
 
 SEKGEANT. 
 
 Thompson, Walter L<. 
 
 24 
 
 Aug. 21, 61 
 
 Private 
 
 Promoted corporal, Oct. 1, 1861; sergeant, 
 Nov. 1, 1861. 
 
 CORPORALS. 
 
 Tooker, James R. 
 
 19 
 
 Aug. 22, 61 
 
 Private 
 
 Promoted corporal, date 
 
 not stated. 
 
 Smith, John 
 
 23 
 
 Sept. 3, 61 
 
 " 
 
 Promoted corporal, Jan. 
 
 1, 1863. 
 
 Liaughlin, George 
 
 22 
 
 Aug. 22, 61 
 
 " 
 
 Promoted corporal, Jan. 
 
 1, 1863. 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 Benner, Nicholas 
 
 21 
 
 Aug. 21, 62 
 
 Private 
 
 
 Berrian, Merviix J. 
 
 22 
 
 " 23, 62 
 
 " 
 
 
 Blanchard, .lames 
 
 19 
 
 " 22, 62 
 
 " 
 
 
 Brooks, James 
 
 21 
 
 Oct. 21, 62 
 
 
 
 
 Buckland, Charles 
 
 19 
 
 Aug. 3, 61 
 
 41 
 
 
 Cuttle, George C. 
 
 21 
 
 Sept. 10, 62 
 
 " 
 
 
 Dalton, Henry 
 
 24 
 
 Aug. 19, 62 
 
 " 
 
 To Morris battery, May 3, 1863. 
 
 Daly, David N. 
 
 24 
 
 Sept. 24, 62 
 
 " 
 
 
 Daly, John H. 
 
 22 
 
 " 29, 62 
 
 " 
 
 
 Demott, Peter N. 
 
 21 
 
 Aug. 23, 62 
 
 " 
 
 
 Dixon, Jeremiah 
 
 25 
 
 " 21, 62 
 
 " 
 
 To Morris battery, May 3, 1863. 
 
 Dickinson, John W. 
 
 19 
 
 " 22, 62 
 
 " 
 
 
 Driscoll, Jeremiah 
 
 18 
 
 " 20, 62 
 
 " 
 
 
 England, John 
 
 25 
 
 Aug. 81, 61 
 
 " 
 
 
 Feeley, Patrick 
 
 28 
 
 " 30, 61 
 
 11 
 
 Wounded in action at Antietam. 
 
 Fitzpatrick, John 
 
 22 
 
 " 21, 62 
 
 " 
 
 To Morris battery, May 3, 1863. 
 
MUSTER-OUT ROLL. 
 TRANSFERRED. COMPANY I. Continued. 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 623 
 
 NAME. 
 
 AGE. 
 
 MUSTERED. 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 WHEN. 
 
 RANK. 
 
 Freed, William T. 
 
 21 
 
 Aug. 23, 62 
 
 Private 
 
 
 Gallagher, James 
 
 21 
 
 May 27, 61 
 
 11 
 
 
 Hatfield, Leonard 
 
 20 
 
 Aug. 22, 61 
 
 " 
 
 
 Heckler, Frank 
 Hughes, John E. 
 
 19 
 20 
 
 Sept. 2, 61 
 Aug. 22, 62 
 
 I 
 
 Wounded and captured at Camden, N. C. ; 
 exchanged . 
 
 Kehoe, John 
 
 24 
 
 11 21, 62 
 
 
 
 
 Keyser, John 
 
 21 
 
 " 28, 62 
 
 " 
 
 
 Kippax, William H. 
 
 19 
 
 " 22, 61 
 
 " 
 
 
 .Lewis, Richard V. 
 
 21 
 
 Sept. 19, 62 
 
 " 
 
 
 Madden, James 
 
 19 
 
 Aug. 22, 61 
 
 " 
 
 
 Malier, Michael 
 
 19 
 
 Sept. 22, 62 
 
 " 
 
 Transferred to Morris battery, May 3, 1863. 
 
 Marsh, Samuel H. 
 
 20 
 
 May 20, 61 
 
 " 
 
 
 McCluskey, Hugh 
 
 25 
 
 Aug. 22, 62 
 
 
 
 
 McCue, Edward J. 
 
 21 
 
 " 21, 62 
 
 
 
 Transferred to Morris battcry.May 3, 1863. 
 
 McGloin, William 
 
 21 
 
 " 20, 62 
 
 " 
 
 Transferred to Morris battery, May 3,1863. 
 
 McVey, Samuel 
 
 18 
 
 " 22, 61 
 
 " 
 
 
 Mead, James 
 Reed, William H. 
 
 18 
 22 
 
 June 2, 61 
 Nov. 7, 62 
 
 Private 
 Co. B. 
 Private 
 
 Transferred to this company, Nov. 16, 1861 . 
 Transferred to Morris battery, May 3, 1863. 
 
 Ryan, Stephen 
 
 19 
 
 Aug. 26, 62 
 
 
 
 
 Smith, Henry J. 
 
 21 
 
 " 19, 62 
 
 " 
 
 
 Smith, John B. 
 
 21 
 
 Oct. 7, 62 
 
 " 
 
 Transferred to Morris battery, May 3, 1863. 
 
 Sweeney, Joseph 
 
 21 
 
 Aug. 9, 62 
 
 " 
 
 Transferred to Morris battery, May 3, 1863. 
 
 Wheeler, Thomas 
 
 28 
 
 " 30, 62 
 
 < 
 
 Transferred to Morris battery, May 3, 1863. 
 
 White, James 
 
 23 
 
 Sept. 30, 62 
 
 " 
 
 Transferred to Morris battery, May 3, 1863. 
 
 DISCHARGED. 
 
 CAPTAINS. 
 
 Barnard, 
 
 Leon 
 
 30 
 
 May 3, 61 
 
 1st Lieut. 
 
 Commissioned captain in First New York 
 
 
 
 
 
 1st. N. Y. 
 
 Infantry; transferred to this regiment 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 and company, July 31, 1861; discharged 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 by resignation, March 15, 1862. 
 
 Copcutt, 
 
 Henry W. 
 
 26 
 
 14 4, 61 
 
 Captain 
 
 By resignation, Aug. 12, 1861 . 
 
 1st LIEUTENANT. 
 
 Burke, 
 
 Timothy 
 
 J. 
 
 25 
 
 May 
 
 4, 61 
 
 1st Lieut. 
 
 Discharged by resignation, 
 
 May 26, 
 
 1861. 
 
624 
 
 MUSTER-OUT ROLL. 
 DISCHARGED. COMPANY I. Continued. 
 
 CORPORAL. 
 
 
 
 MUSTERED . 
 
 
 NAME 
 
 AGE. 
 
 
 
 
 
 WHEN. 
 
 RANK. 
 
 J\ .K M A K K !** . 
 
 
 
 
 
 Promoted corporal, date not stated; 
 
 
 
 
 
 wounded in action at Antietam; dis 
 
 Dennis, Edward 
 
 20 
 
 Aug. 22, 61 
 
 Private 
 
 charged for disability, Jan. 13, 1863, at 
 
 
 
 
 
 Frederick, Md. 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 Albright, Charles A. 
 
 18 
 
 Aug. 18, 62 
 
 Private 
 
 For disability, Nov. 19, 1862. 
 
 Beaton, Charles H. 
 
 19 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 " 
 
 For disability, Aug. 20, 1861, at Newport 
 
 
 
 
 
 News, Va. 
 
 Beaur, Albert 
 
 20 
 
 " 
 
 u 
 
 For disability, Aug. 20, 1861, at Newport 
 
 
 
 
 
 News, Va. 
 
 Beith, James 
 
 19 
 
 
 
 " 
 
 Captured on the "Fanny," Oct. 1, 1861; 
 
 
 
 
 
 mustered out as paroled prisoner, May 21, 
 
 Carson, John 
 
 20 
 
 tt 
 
 u 
 
 1862, at Washington, D. C. 
 Captured on the "Fanny," Oct. 1, 1861; 
 
 
 
 
 
 mustered out as paroled prisoned, May 21, 
 1862, at Washington, D. C. 
 
 Corsa, L,ewis A. 
 
 
 June 19, 62 
 
 " 
 
 For disability, Feb. 16, 1863, at Convalescent 
 
 
 
 
 
 Camp, iVa. 
 
 Crosby, Robert 
 
 20 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 " 
 
 For disability, Aug. 20, 1861, at Newport 
 
 
 
 
 
 News, Va. 
 
 Curry, William 
 
 
 June 5, 61 
 
 " 
 
 For disability, Oct. 16, 1862, at Providence, 
 
 
 
 
 
 R.I. 
 
 Dalton, Henry 
 
 20 
 
 May 10, 61 
 
 " 
 
 For disability, May 14, 1861, at Riker s 
 
 
 
 
 
 Island, N. Y. 
 
 Foley, Thomas 
 
 22 
 
 Sept. 29, 62 
 
 11 
 
 Wounded at Fredericksburg, Va.; dis 
 charged for disability, March 1, 1863, at 
 
 
 
 
 
 Washington, D. C. 
 
 Fulton, David 
 
 
 May 27, 61 
 
 " 
 
 For disability, Dec. 5, 1861, at Hatteras In 
 
 
 
 
 
 let, N. C. 
 
 Fulton, Theodore 
 
 19 
 
 " 4, 61 
 
 11 
 
 For disability, June 27, 1862, at Roanoke 
 
 
 
 
 
 Island, N. C. 
 
 Griffin, Jacob M. 
 
 20 
 
 " " 
 
 (4 
 
 For disability, Aug. 20, 1861, at Newport 
 
 
 
 
 
 News, Va. 
 
 Hamilton, David 
 
 20 
 
 i< <i 
 
 k 
 
 For disability, Aug. 20, 1861, at Newport 
 
 
 
 
 
 News, Va. 
 
 Hutton, William S. 
 
 20 
 
 Aug. 22, 61 
 
 * 
 
 For disability, June 30, 1862, at Roanoke 
 
 
 
 
 
 Island, N. C. 
 
 McDevitt, Daniel 
 
 33 
 
 3, 61 
 
 u 
 
 Jan. 9, 1863. at Providence. R.I. 
 
 Smith, James 
 
 24 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 " 
 
 For disability, Aug. 20, 1861, at Newport 
 
 
 
 
 
 News, Va. 
 
 Thatcher, Charles B. 
 
 19 
 
 " < 
 
 11 
 
 For disability, May 10, 1861, at New York, 
 
 
 
 
 
 N. Y. 
 
 Wood, William 
 
 19 
 
 Aug. 30, 61 
 
 11 
 
 Dishonorably, by sentence of G. C. M., to 
 
 
 
 
 
 date, Aug. 30, 1863. 
 
 DIED. 
 
 SERGEANT. 
 
 McClinchy, John 
 
 22 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Corporal 
 
 Promoted sergeant prior to June 30, 1861: 
 drowned at Hatteras Inlet, N. C., Nov. 11, 
 1861. 
 
 CORPORAL. 
 
 Adair, John 
 
 
 June 1, 61 
 
 Private 
 
 Promoted corporal, Oct. 1, 1861; killed in 
 
 
 
 
 
 action at Antietam. 
 
MUSTER-OUT ROLL. 
 DIED .COMPANY I. Continued. 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 625 
 
 NAME. 
 
 AGE. 
 
 MUSTERED. 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 WHEN. 
 
 RANK. 
 
 Collins, L,evi 
 
 19 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Private 
 
 Killed in action at Antietam. 
 
 
 Haltzmar, Charles 
 Matzer, John 
 Miirph, James 
 
 2-2 
 
 21 
 23 
 
 It U 
 
 Aug. 15, 61 
 May 4, 61 
 
 
 
 Killed while on guard at Newport News, 
 Va.. Sept. 1,1881. 
 Died of disease, Dec. 15, 1862, at Alexandria, 
 Va. 
 Killed in action at Antietam . 
 
 Seward, William M. 
 Warren, Albert 
 
 20 
 25 
 
 ,. 
 
 
 
 Promoted corporal, Sept. 1, 1861; 
 action at Camden, N. C. 
 Drowned off transport in N. Y 
 June 5, 1861. 
 
 killed in 
 . harbor, 
 
 DESERTED. 
 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 
 Adams, Robert 
 
 22 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Corporal 
 
 July 1, 1861, at Fortress Monroe, Va, 
 
 
 Bodell, Charles 
 
 20 
 
 " 
 
 Private 
 
 May 28, 1861, at New York, N. Y. 
 
 
 Cassidy, Charles 
 
 19 
 
 " 
 
 kt 
 
 May 15, 1861, at New York, N. Y. 
 
 
 Daltoii, Charles 
 Devers, Charles 
 
 Gallagher, Charles 
 Marand, Thomas 
 
 19 
 22 
 
 18 
 
 Aug. 22, 61 
 
 May 27, 61 
 
 " 4, 61 
 
 
 
 Dec. 13, 1862, at Fredericksburg, Va., face of 
 the enemy. 
 Promoted corporal, date not stated; de 
 serted Aug. 12, 1862, at Falmouth Station, 
 Va. 
 Sept. 14, 1862, at South Mountain, Md., face 
 of the enemy. 
 June 5, 1861, at New York, N. Y. 
 
 Pettigrew, John 
 Ouark, Charles 
 
 18 
 
 Aug. 20, 62 
 
 : 
 
 Sept. 14, 1862, at South Mountain, Md., 
 of the enemy. 
 In May, 1861, 
 
 face 
 
 Shaw, William 
 Sproutz, Nicholas 
 
 22 
 
 19 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 n 
 
 Dec, 13, 1862, at Fredericksburg, Va., 
 of the enemy . 
 June 5, 1861, at New York, N. Y. 
 
 face 
 
 Trainor, Phillip 
 
 21 
 
 Oct. 21, 62 
 
 
 
 Feb. 6, 1863, at Aquia Creek, Va. 
 
 
 Von Ullen, William 
 
 19 
 
 Aug. 16, 61 
 
 
 
 Sept. 29, 1862, at Antietam Iron Works, 
 
 Md. 
 
 Wallen, Franklin 
 
 22 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 
 
 May 24, 1861, New York, N. Y. 
 
 
 Wheeler, Henry W. 
 Wilcox, Charles 
 
 20 
 21 
 
 <i 
 
 i. 
 
 Dec. 13, 186$, at Fredericksburg, Va. 
 face of the enemy. 
 May 24, 1861, at New York, N. Y. 
 
 , in 
 
 Zinch, Charles 
 
 20 
 
 " " 
 
 " 
 
 May 24, 1861, at New York, N. Y. 
 
 
 NO RECORD. 
 
 
 PRIVATE. 
 
 
 Flanigan, Richard 
 
 
 
 May 27, 61 
 
 Private 
 
 No further record. 
 
MUSTER-OUT ROLL of CAPTAIN RICHARD H. MORRIS COMPANY K, 
 
 9TH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 Mustered out with the company, on the 2oth day of May, 1863. 
 
 CAPTAIN. 
 
 NAME. 
 
 AGE. 
 
 MUSTERED. 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 WHEN. 
 
 RANK. 
 
 Morris, 
 
 Richard H. 
 
 21 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Sergeant 
 Co. C 
 
 Promoted 
 1861; 1st 
 captain, 
 
 2d lieutenant, Co. H, 
 lieutenant, Co. K, Dec. 
 Sept. 30,1862. 
 
 June 1, 
 
 25, 1861; 
 
 1st LIEUTENANT. 
 
 Donaldson, John L. 21 May 4, 61 1st Sergeant Promoted 2d lieutenant, Feb. 15, 1862; 1st 
 lieutenant, Aug. 10, 1863. 
 
 2d LIEUTENANT. 
 
 Shields, 
 
 John 
 
 B. 
 
 19 
 
 May 
 
 4, 
 
 61 
 
 Private 
 
 Promoted corporal in 1861; 
 Dec. 1, 1862; 2d lieutenant, 
 
 1st sergeant, 
 March 16, 1863. 
 
 1st SERGEANT. 
 
 Mclaughlin, Michael 25 May 4, 61 Private Promoted corporal June 18, 1861 ; sergeant, 
 
 Oct. 1,1861; 1st sergeant, March, 16, 1863. 
 
 SERGEANTS. 
 
 Newber, Chales F. 
 Starr, John H. 
 
 19 
 23 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Private 
 
 Sergeant 
 
 Promoted corporal, date not stated; ser 
 geant, March 1, 1863. 
 
 I Word, John L. 
 
 19 
 
 " " 
 
 Private 
 
 Promoted sergeant, Aug. 19, 1862. 
 
 CORPORALS. 
 
 Curley, Michael 
 
 20 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Private 
 
 Promoted corporal, Feb. 1, 1862. 
 
 Hopper, George 
 
 
 " 15, 61 
 
 
 
 Promoted corporal, Dec. 17, 1861. 
 
 Home, James 
 
 20 
 
 " 4, 61 
 
 " 
 
 Promoted corporal, Feb. 1, 1862. 
 
 Kelly, Michael 
 
 21 
 
 
 
 " 
 
 Promoted corporal, prior to Aug. 1862. 
 
 Scott, Edward 
 
 19 
 
 it u 
 
 " 
 
 Promoted corporal, March 5, 1863. 
 
MUSTER-OUT ROLL. 
 COMPANY K Continued. Mustered out with the Company. 
 
 MUSICIANS. 
 
 627 
 
 NAME. 
 
 AGE. 
 
 MUSTERED. 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 WHEN. | RANK. 
 
 Hutchinson, William 
 Ritter, Peter 
 
 20 
 16 
 
 May 4, 61 
 Nov. 5, 61 
 
 Musician 
 Musician 
 Co. K, 
 
 103d N. Y. 
 
 Transferred to this regiment and company, 
 Jan. 13, 1863. 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 Alvord, Walter B. 
 
 19 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Private 
 
 
 Anketel, William T. 
 
 19 
 
 11 11 
 
 11 
 
 
 Bamerick, Thomas 
 
 19 
 
 .. 
 
 " 
 
 
 Blair, Thomas 
 
 19 
 
 
 
 " 
 
 
 Brodigan, Patrick 
 
 21 
 
 i. 
 
 " 
 
 
 Clark, Bernard 
 
 21 
 
 11 
 
 " 
 
 
 Cole, Francis 
 
 23 
 
 II .1 
 
 " 
 
 
 Connelly, Patrick 
 
 
 " 29, 61 
 
 " 
 
 
 Cook, Theodore 
 
 20 
 
 u 4, 61 
 
 11 
 
 
 Corsini, Giovanni 
 
 28 
 
 " " 
 
 " 
 
 
 Cunningham, 
 Michael 
 Fanning, William 
 
 19 
 21 
 
 II 11 
 
 ii 
 
 
 Farley, Thomas 
 
 19 
 
 II 
 
 u 
 
 
 Fleming, Howard 
 
 22 
 
 <! 
 
 " 
 
 Wounded in action at An tie tarn. 
 
 Gaynor, Frederick 
 
 22 
 
 .1 
 
 " 
 
 
 Henley, John 
 
 19 
 
 k( Ik 
 
 " 
 
 
 Hickey, Michael 
 
 23 
 
 II 
 
 " 
 
 
 Hogan, James 
 
 20 
 
 " " 
 
 " 
 
 Wounded in action at Antietam . 
 
 Hyler, William 
 
 20 
 
 1. 
 
 u 
 
 
 Johnston, Robert 
 
 19 
 
 U .4 
 
 
 
 
 Kelly, Patrick 
 
 21 
 
 " 
 
 " 
 
 
 Kline, Peter 
 
 31 
 
 II 
 
 11 
 
 
 Knapp, William 
 
 20 
 
 U II 
 
 
 
 
 Malone, John 
 
 20 
 
 I, .1 
 
 " 
 
 
 Mansfield, Francis 
 
 27 
 
 1, .1 
 
 
 
 
 Marks, Jonas 
 
 30 
 
 I, 
 
 " 
 
 
 McGinnis, John 
 
 19 
 
 " 29, 61 
 
 
 
 
 McMullin, William 
 
 19 
 
 " 4, 61 
 
 >< 
 
 
 McNellis, Patrick 
 
 21 
 
 n 
 
 
 
 
 Minay, Michael 
 
 19 
 
 u ik 
 
 
 
 
 Mulligan, Michael 
 
 21 
 
 ik u 
 
 11 
 
 
628 MUSTER-OUT ROLL. 
 
 COMPANY K. Continued. Mustered out with the Company. 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 NAME. 
 
 AGE. 
 
 MUSTERED. 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 WHEN. 
 
 RANK. 
 
 Nash, John 
 
 20 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Private 
 
 
 Nicholas, George C. 
 
 22 
 
 ,4 
 
 " 
 
 
 Nolan, Walter 
 
 22 
 
 " 27, 61 
 
 
 
 
 Presley, Benjamin 
 
 26 
 
 4, 61 
 
 " 
 
 
 Prine, William 
 
 20 
 
 " " 
 
 11 
 
 
 Ryan, John 
 
 20 
 
 ., 
 
 
 
 
 Schaefer, John 
 
 21 
 
 " 
 
 " 
 
 
 Sheik, Edward 
 
 30 
 
 .. 
 
 " 
 
 
 Stapleton, Thomas 
 
 21 
 
 .. 
 
 " 
 
 
 Stevens, Daniel F. 
 
 21 
 
 .. 
 
 " 
 
 
 Walker, Robert 
 
 23 
 
 ., ., 
 
 
 
 
 Wandling, Charles 
 
 20 
 
 <> 
 
 
 
 
 Wendell, Jacob 
 
 20 
 
 u 
 
 u 
 
 
 Wilkinson, 
 Alexander 
 Wright, James 
 
 22 
 19 
 
 .4 (I 
 
 ik a 
 
 ., 
 
 
 TRANSFERRED 
 
 To 30 RKGIMKNT, N. Y. Volunteer Infantry, May 6, 1863. 
 
 1st LIEUTENANT. 
 
 Silva, 
 
 Francis 
 
 A. 
 
 
 May 13, 61 
 
 1st Lieut. 
 
 Transferred 
 31, 1861. 
 
 to 1st Reg t N. 
 
 Y. 
 
 Inf t y, 
 
 July 
 
 SERGEANTS. 
 
 O Byrne 
 
 ^Michael 
 
 C. 
 
 20 
 
 Aug. 
 
 20, 
 
 61 
 
 Private 
 Co. B. 
 
 Transferred to this company, 
 promoted corporal, March 
 geant, date not stated. 
 
 Aug 
 5, 1 
 
 . 31, 
 862; 
 
 1862; 
 ser- 
 
 CORPORALS. 
 
 Holt, Stephen J. 
 Singleton, John 
 
 20 
 24 
 
 Sept. 2, 61 
 Aug. 6, 61 
 
 Private 
 Private 
 
 Promoted corporal, 
 Promoted corporal, 
 
 May 1, 1862. 
 March 5, 1863. 
 
MUSTER-OUT ROLL. 
 
 629 
 
 TRANSFERRED. COMPANY K. Continued. 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 NAME. 
 
 AGE. 
 
 MUSTERED, 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 WHEN. 
 
 RANK. 
 
 Anderson, Alfred 
 
 22 
 
 Aug. 13, 61 
 
 Private 
 
 
 Bliss, Frank 
 
 18 
 
 " 12, 61 
 
 11 
 
 
 Brady, Terance 
 Brower, Austin 
 
 22 
 
 18 
 
 u 30, 62 
 " 19, 61 
 
 Private 
 Co. I. 
 Private 
 
 Transferred to this company, Oct. 26, 1862; 
 to Morris battery, May 3, 1863. 
 
 Burke, Richard 
 
 20 
 
 " 7, 62 
 
 
 
 
 Campbell, Thomas 
 Chambers, John 
 Close, James 
 
 19 
 21 
 
 18 
 
 " 26, 62 
 " 20, 62 
 " 9, 61 
 
 Private 
 Co. I. 
 Private 
 Co. I. 
 Private 
 
 Transferred to this company, Oct. 26, 1862; 
 to Morris battery, May 3, 1863. 
 Transferred to this company, Oct. 26, 1862. 
 
 Cox, Albert 
 
 19 
 
 " 26, 61 
 
 11 
 
 
 Demarest, John J. 
 
 24 
 
 Sept. 6, 62 
 
 " 
 
 
 Dreyer, John H. 
 
 19 
 
 Aug. 19, 61 
 
 " 
 
 1 
 
 Ferris, Charles W. 
 Finley, William N. 
 Folks, John P. 
 
 18 
 20 
 21 
 
 " 18, 62 
 " 28, 62 
 Sept. 4, 62 
 
 Private 
 Co. I. 
 Private 
 Co. I. 
 Private 
 
 Transferred to this company, Oct. 26, 1862; 
 to Morris battery, May 3, 1863. 
 Transferred to this company, Oct. 26, 1862. 
 
 Transferred to Morris battery, May 3, 1863. 
 
 Gibbons, Edward W. 
 
 20 
 
 " 16, 62 
 
 " 
 
 Transferred to Morris battery, May 3, 1863. 
 
 Hall, David 
 
 21 
 
 8, 62 
 
 " 
 
 
 Hand, Joseph B. 
 Hanson, David 
 
 28 
 19 
 
 Aug. 28, 61 
 " 7, 62 
 
 Private 
 Co. G. 
 Private 
 
 Transferred to this company, Jan. 10, 1862. 
 
 Hazlett, James 
 
 19 
 
 Aug. 7, 62 
 
 M 
 
 
 Hnlse, Lewis H. 
 
 .. 
 
 Oct. 8, 62 
 
 " 
 
 Transferred to Morris battery, May 3, 1863. 
 
 Joost, John 
 
 23 
 
 Sept. 29, 62 
 
 " 
 
 
 Kelly, John 
 
 28 
 
 Aug. 26, 62 
 
 " 
 
 To Morris battery, May 3, 1863, 
 
 Lock, William A. 
 
 21 
 
 Sept. 20, 62 
 
 " 
 
 
 Lockry, James 
 
 25 
 
 Aug. 21, 62 
 
 " 
 
 To Morris battery, May 3, 1863. 
 
 Lockwood, 
 Charles H. 
 Martin, William 
 
 24 
 
 18 
 
 " 18, 62 
 " 19, 61 
 
 
 
 Mathews, Joseph 
 McFadden, John 
 
 21 
 22 
 
 7, 62 
 Sept. 2, 61 
 
 Private 
 Co. D. 
 Private 
 
 Transferred to this company, Oct. 26, 1862. 
 
 McGinley, Robert Jr 
 
 19 
 
 Aug. 29, 62 
 
 11 
 
 
 Merritt, Isaac M. 
 
 18 
 
 " 22, 61 
 
 11 
 
 
 Mulvhill, Michael 
 
 20 
 
 Sept. 2, 62 
 
 " 
 
 
 Pendleton, Sylvestei 
 
 18 
 
 Aug. 22, 61 
 
 " 
 
 
 Purdy, James R. 
 
 25 
 
 " 13, 62 
 
 " 
 
 
 Shields, Charles A. 
 
 19 
 
 " 23, 61 
 
 " 
 
 
 Sutton, Edward 
 Wetteraw, George W 
 
 27 
 20 
 
 Sept. 10, 62 
 Aug. 26, 62 
 
 Private 
 Co. D. 
 Private 
 
 Transferred to this company, Oct. 25, 1862; 
 to Morris battery May 3, 1863. 
 To Morris battery, May 3, 1863. 
 
 Wright, Andrew J. 
 
 32 
 
 " 8, 61 
 
 44 
 
 
630 
 
 MUSTER-OUT ROLL. 
 
 DISCHARGED. 
 
 CAPTAINS. 
 
 NAME. 
 
 AGE. 
 
 MUSTERED. 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 WHEN. 
 
 RANK. 
 
 Stiiier, Joseph N. 
 
 28 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Captain 
 
 July 30, 1861, by resignation. 
 
 
 Anthon, John H. 
 
 Whiting, 
 James R., Jr. 
 
 
 Sept. 3/61 
 
 1st Lieut. 
 
 Commissioned captain ; not mustered ; dis 
 charged July 31st. 1861. 
 Promoted captain, Nov. 23, 1861 ; discharged 
 by resignation, Sept. 30, 1862. 
 
 LIEUTENANTS. 
 
 Foster, Frank T. 
 
 28 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 1st Lieut. 
 
 Discharged by resignation, May 13, 1861. 
 
 Doughty, George T. 
 
 21 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 2d Lieut. 
 
 Discharged by resignation, Aug . 26, 1861 . 
 
 Eytinge, Harry 
 
 19 
 
 
 Corporal 
 
 Promoted sergeant, Aug. 1, 1861; 2d lieu 
 tenant, Sept. 22, 1861; discharged by res 
 ignation, Dec. 6, 1861. 
 
 SERGEANT. 
 
 Fish, Latham A. 
 
 19 
 
 Aug. 2, 61 
 
 Private 
 Co. C. 
 
 Promoted corporal, Oct. 1,1861; transferred 
 to this company, Aug. 9, 1862; promoted 
 sergeant, Aug. 19, 1862; discharged by 
 promotion to 2d lieutenant 174th N. Y., 
 Nov. 13, 1862. 
 
 CORPORAL. 
 
 Sullivan, William 
 
 22 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Private 
 
 Promoted corporal, May 20, 1861 ; sergeant, 
 July 15, 1861; discharged for disability, 
 June 2, 1862 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 Acker, George 
 
 21 
 
 Sept. 13, 62 
 
 Private 
 
 For disability, Jan. 13, 1863, 
 
 Blanchard, Allan 
 
 19 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 " 
 
 For disability, Nov. 10, 1862, at New York, 
 N. Y. 
 
 Bowers, George 
 
 20 
 
 ti 4 
 
 
 
 For disability, July 3, 1862, at Roanoke 
 
 
 
 
 
 Island, N. C. 
 
 Cox, Michael 
 
 20 
 
 i t> 
 
 < i 
 
 For disability, Aug. 14, 1861, at Newport 
 
 
 
 
 
 News, Va. 
 
 Flanigan, 
 
 26 
 
 u it 
 
 Sergeant 
 
 For disability, Aug. 14, 1861, at Newport 
 
 Christopher 
 
 
 
 
 News, Va. 
 
 Hanna, Francis 
 
 22 
 
 41 44 
 
 Corporal 
 
 For disability, June 1, 1861, at Riker s 
 
 
 
 
 
 Island, N. Y. 
 
 Hilderbrand, Basil 
 
 22 
 
 It 11 
 
 Private 
 
 For disability, Aug 14, 1861, at Newport 
 
 
 
 
 
 News, Va. 
 
 Karker, Lewis 
 
 25 
 
 11 11 
 
 " 
 
 For disability, Nov. 18, 1861, at Hatteras 
 
 
 
 
 
 Inlet, N. C. 
 
 Mahon, Michael 
 
 32 
 
 4 il 
 
 11 
 
 For disability, Aug. 14, 1861, at Newport 
 
 
 
 
 
 News, Va. 
 
 McCarthy, Thomas 
 
 30 
 
 Aug. 23, 61 
 
 
 
 For disability, Jan. 5, 1863, at Falmouth 
 
 
 
 
 
 Station, Va. 
 
 McLaughliii, 
 Alexander 
 
 22 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 11 
 
 For disability, Aug, 14, 1861, at Newport 
 News, Va. 
 
 McSorley, Lewis 
 
 21 
 
 " " 
 
 11 
 
 For disability, Aug. 14, 1861, at Newport 
 News, Va. 
 
 Monroe, Robert 
 
 19 
 
 41 
 
 
 
 For disability, Aug. 14, 1861, at Newport 
 
 
 
 
 
 News, Va. 
 
 Morrison, Thomas 
 
 32 
 
 Aug. 9, 61 
 
 
 
 For disability, June 3, 1862, at Roanoke 
 
 
 
 
 
 Island, N. C. 
 
 Ritchie, James 
 
 20 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 " 
 
 .For disability, Aug. 14, 1861, at Newport 
 1 News, Va. 
 
MUSTER-OUT ROLL. 
 
 631 
 
 DISCHARGED. COMPANY K. Continued. 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 NAME. 
 
 AGE. 
 
 MUSTERED. 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 WHEN. | RANK. 
 
 Boss, Henry 
 
 18 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Private 
 
 May 29, 1861, at Riker s Island, N. Y. 
 
 Schaffer, Valentine 
 
 30 
 
 k 
 
 " 
 
 For disability, June 18, 1861 . 
 
 Shannan, Sylvester 
 
 19 
 
 11 
 
 11 
 
 Junel, 1861, at Riker s Island, N. Y. 
 
 Slierwin, George J. 
 
 28 
 
 u 
 
 Corporal 
 
 For disability, June 15, 1861 . 
 
 Silva, Valentine M. 
 
 18 
 
 Aug. 9, 61 
 
 Private 
 
 Dec. 18, 1862, at Washington, D. C. 
 
 Skillery, Charles 
 Travis, William 
 
 19 
 
 18 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 L, 
 
 For disability, Aug. 14, 1861, at Newport 
 News, Va. 
 For disability, May 11, 1861. 
 
 Walsh, John 
 Yenny, Joseph 
 
 21 
 22 
 
 .. u 
 
 
 
 Feb. 3, 1863, at Falniouth Station, Va., by 
 sentence of a G. C. martial. 
 For disability, Aug. 20, 1861, at Newport 
 News, Va. 
 
 DIED. 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 Grunther, John 
 Rose, Solomon 
 
 21 
 
 21 
 
 Aug, 18, 62 
 May 15, 61 
 
 Private 
 
 Sergeant 
 
 Of disease, Dec. 24, 1862, at Point Lookout, 
 Md. 
 Of disease, July 25, 1862, at New York, N. Y. 
 
 Scanlon, Richard 
 
 21 
 
 " " 
 
 Private 
 
 Of wounds received in action at Roanoke 
 Island, N. C. 
 
 DESERTED. 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 Browning, John 
 
 21 
 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Private 
 
 June 1, 1861, at Riker s Island, N. Y. 
 
 Deck, Francis 
 
 21 
 
 " 
 
 " 
 
 June 3, 1861, at Riker s Island, N. Y. 
 
 Heidorf, Anthony 
 McCusker,Terence 15. 
 
 Patterson, Henry 
 
 34 
 
 21 
 
 18 
 
 Aug. 28, 62 
 May 4, 61 
 
 Sergeant 
 
 Private 
 Co. D. 
 
 Private 
 
 Reduced, date not stated; deserted, June 3, 
 1861, at Riker s Island, N. Y. 
 Transferred to this company, Oct. 15, 1862; 
 deserted at Fredericksburg, Va , Dec. 15, 
 1862, in face of the enemy; thought to be 
 demented. 
 June 1, 1861, at Riker s Island, N. Y. 
 
 Peacock, Francis M. 
 Starkey, Thomas 
 
 21 
 
 " 14, 61 
 4, 61 
 
 Private 
 
 Promoted sergeant-major, June 25, 1861 
 capured on board the "Fanny," of which 
 he was in command, Oct. 1, 1861; reduced 
 to the ranks; deserted to the enemy while 
 a prisoner. 
 June 1, 1861, at Riker s Island, N. Y. 
 
 Terry, Edmund 
 
 19 
 
 it 
 
 " 
 
 June 1, 1861, at Riker s Island, N. Y. 
 
Names borne on the Adjutant General s record as Unassigned, 
 with no further record than below. 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 NAME. 
 
 AGE. 
 
 MUSTERED. 
 
 PLACE AND TERM OF ENLISTMENT. 
 
 WHEN. | RANK. 
 
 Allen, Henry 
 
 22 
 
 Sept. 25, 62 
 
 Private 
 
 At New York. 
 
 Baker, Edward 
 
 21 
 
 Oct. 15, 62 
 
 11 
 
 At New York. 
 
 Burdick, Charles D. 
 
 19 
 
 Nov. 13, 62 
 
 " 
 
 At New York, to serve nine months. 
 
 Burlingham, Horace 
 
 26 
 
 " 8, 62 
 
 " 
 
 At New York, to serve nine months. 
 
 Byrnes, William 
 
 21 
 
 " 18, 62 
 
 11 
 
 At New York, to serve three years. 
 
 Church, Theodore 
 
 23 
 
 Sept. 20, 62 
 
 " 
 
 At New York, to serve three years. 
 
 Clark, Lewis 
 
 25 
 
 Nov. 1, 62 
 
 " 
 
 At New York, to serve three years. 
 
 Cooney, James 
 
 21 
 
 " 3, 62 
 
 
 At New York, to serve three years. 
 
 Collins, Joseph 
 
 21 
 
 Oct. 23, 61 
 
 
 
 At New York, to serve three years. 
 
 Dunn, Stuart 
 
 21 
 
 Sept. 9, 62 
 
 11 
 
 At New York, to serve three years. 
 
 Gardner, Charles W. 
 
 34 
 
 " 18, 62 
 
 
 
 At New York, to serve three years. 
 
 Heuesey, Patrick 
 
 20 
 
 Oct. 15, 62 
 
 " 
 
 At New York, to serve three years. 
 
 L.e Fort, Einil 
 
 25 
 
 " 18, 62 
 
 
 
 At New York, to serve three years. 
 
 Meadows, Robert 
 
 23 
 
 Aug. 27, 62 
 
 " 
 
 At New York, to serve three years. 
 
 Moore, Thomas 
 
 19 
 
 Oct. 31, 62 
 
 
 
 At New York, to serve three years. 
 
 Mulligan, Patrick 
 
 24 
 
 Sept. 25, 62 
 
 " 
 
 At New York, to serve three years . 
 
 Morton, John 
 
 23 
 
 Sept. 23, 62 
 
 " 
 
 At New York, to serve three years. 
 
 Mullan, Arthur 
 
 21 
 
 Oct. 15, 62 
 
 * 
 
 At New York, to serve three years. 
 
 Murphy, James C. 
 
 21 
 
 Sept. 11, 62 
 
 
 
 At New York, to serve three years. 
 
 Murphy, John 
 
 21 
 
 " 9, 62 
 
 11 
 
 At New York, to serve three years. 
 
 Murray, James 
 
 26 
 
 Oct. 21, 62 
 
 " 
 
 At New York, to serve three years. 
 
 Pendergrast, John 
 
 25 
 
 Sept. 24, 62 
 
 
 
 At New York, to serve three years. 
 
 Reiley, Patrick 
 
 21 
 
 Nov. 3, 62 
 
 it 
 
 At New York, toiserve three years. 
 
 Ryan, Michael 
 
 21 
 
 " 3, 62 
 
 " 
 
 At New York, to serve three years. 
 
 Hanlon, George 
 
 
 .... 
 
 " 
 
 Discharged in May, 1861 . 
 
ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. 
 BY COLONEL HAWKINS. 
 
 Page 38. Colonel Hawkins was not in the service until 
 1848, after active hostilities between the armies had ceased. 
 
 Pages 170 and 171. An expedition was organized for 
 the purpose of destroying the locks of the Dismal Swamp 
 Canal. It was originated by Captain Rowan of the Navy 
 and Colonel Hawkins. After approval by General Burn- 
 side a plan of advance was agreed upon. Captain Rowan 
 was to command the naval forces and Colonel Hawkins 
 the land. The seventeenth of April the latter received 
 the following letter : 
 
 NEWBERNE, April 16, 1862. 
 
 MY DEAR COLONEL: I send you to-day the $ist Pennsylvania, a 
 fine regiment ; embark at once with at least 1,800 men, and be ready 
 for an immediate move. Don t allow the slightest communication 
 with the Banks. 
 
 Yours truly, 
 
 A. E. BURNSIDE. 
 I ll be up or send orders. 
 
 On the morning of the i8th, without a word of explana 
 tion, General Reno appeared with two regiments of his 
 brigade and assumed command, and the original plan 
 agreed upon was neither mentioned nor carried out. 
 
 Pages 225 and 226. The news about the fall of Rich 
 mond came from a James River boat, decked out in flags, 
 which reached Hampton Roads just as the Roanoke Island 
 boat was leaving. The James River captain, while his 
 boat was under way, answered the inquiry about his dis- 
 
634 ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. 
 
 play of flags by saying, " Richmond has been captured." 
 On board the Roanoke Island boat there was a Burnside 
 staff officer, who, with the captain of that vessel, repeated 
 the statement. For certain reasons, not to be mentioned, 
 Colonel Hawkins deemed it best to write and hand to the 
 staff officer what had been repeated, at the same time 
 asking him to explain to General Burnside the facts as to 
 its source. This he did not do, but handed the communi 
 cation over without comment. 
 
 Page 480 In sixth line from the top of page insert the 
 words " one of " between " as " and u our." 
 
 Page 497. Add the word " on " to " up " at the end of 
 first line, fourth paragraph. 
 
 Page 505. In eleventh line from top of page insert be 
 tween the words " times " and " imperishable " the words 
 " to conceive and bring forth those." 
 
 ERRATA. 
 Page 573. Last line, " 1872 " should be k< 1862." 
 
 Page 574. Column of "Rank" opposite George Haisel- 
 den should read " Private, Company I," and Edward Hop 
 kins, "Private, Company A." 
 
 Page 586. Martin Meyers, and all the others whose 
 names follow his under " Mustered out with the company," 
 were mustered in on May 4, instead of "August 12, 1861." 
 
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