UC-NRLF o Efl m L I LIBRARY UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA. JAN 12 1893 . iS<> Accessions No. Ctes Ato. ENGINEER S OFFICE, CHESAPEAKE AND OHIO RAILROAD, ) RICHMOND, March 29, 1872. y MAJOR HOWARD lias given in this book a simple, yet perfectly accurate method of ascertaining the solid contents of any prismoid . The calculation from end areas is corrected by tables well arranged and few in number, and he has all the accuracy of the prisrnoidal formula with scarcely more trouble than in averaging end areas. H. D. WHITCOMB, Chief Engineer Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad. E. T. D. MYERS, , Chief Engineer Richmond, Fredericksburg, and Potomac Railroad. EARTHWORK MENSURATION, OK THE BASIS OP THE PRISMOIDAL FORMULA. CONTAINING A SIMPLE AND LABOR-SAVING METHOD OF OBTAINING PRISMOIDAL CONTENTS DIRECTLY FROM END AREAS. ILLUSTRATED BY EXAMPLES, AND ACCOMPANIED BY PLAIN RULES FOR PRACTICAL USE. CO 1ST WAY R. HOWARD, CIVIL ENGINEER, EICIIJIOND, VA. UNIVERSITY NEW YORK : B. VAN KOSTRAim PUBLISHER, 23 MURRAY AND 27 WARREN STREET. 1874. V .V Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1874, by D. VAN NOSTRAND In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, Washington, D. C. PREFACE. THIS work claims to present a new and systematized method of finding the prismoidal contents of Earthwork by means of Tables accompanied by Rules so plain and simple of application as to fit it for the .common uses of Engineers. When the ratios of the side slopes are constant between end sec tions of which the transverse surface lines are sensibly similar, all ordinary cases of thorough cut and fill, terminal pyramids, side-hill work, and borrow pits are covered by Formulae (17), (18), and (19), and the prismoidal contents for all side slopes and bases are taken from Tables 4 and 5 by Rules (1), (2), and (3). In the method used, the heights of equivalent level sections are not involved, nor is any calculation needed for 100-feet lengths beyond ascertaining the half -sum and the difference of two quanti ties. For the most part Tables do the work of the calculator, and any one who can approximate cubic contents by the rough method of "Average Areas" is competent to obtain the prismoidal contents by the Rules given. The tables of level cuttings are not needed when areas are given, and are included chiefly for use in preliminary estimates when the only data are the centre heights and the angles of the transverse surface slopes. With these, the heights of equivalent level sec tions are readily found by Mr. Trau twine s well-known and very inge nious diagrams, than which for the purpose intended probably no bet ter means can be devised. When these heights have been ascertained, the use of the special Correction Tables in connection with those of level cuttings will reduce to a minimum the labor of computing the prismoidal contents. If further tables of level cuttings are considered necessary, the reader is referred to Mr. Trautwine s " Excavation and Embankment," or to the example given at the end of this work, by careful attention to which any required table may be written out with entire accuracy in a few hours. Special corrections for any side slopes may be obtained by Rule 12. Not an inconsiderable advantage of the present method is that, by giving accurate corrections for the familiar approximations in gene ral use, the calculator has the element of error constantly before him, and must speedily learn by practice, if not by theory, the cases in which such corrections become important. But while enough is given, both by rule and example, in Part II. to guide the least theo retical in the use of the tables, in Part I. a strictly mathematical investigation of principles and derivation of formula is submitted to the careful reader. The article on Correction of Contents for Curvature was sug gested by that on the same subject in " Henck s* Field-Book," but, by the formulae and table of factors given, in ordinary cases the corrections are much more readily obtained in practice. All of the tables in this work have been calculated by the writer, and, as the system used was that of continued additions with special tests at intervals, it is believed that they will be found absolutely correct within the purposed limits, whether the last figure of any amount given be intended to express the nearest whole number or the nearest decimal. NOTATION AND SIGNS USED. A and A = end areas of earthwork. M = middle area. a and a = areas of triangle between road-bed and intersec tion of side slopes produced. 1} and y road-bed widths. c and c = centre heights of profile. li and h =2 heights of equivalent level sections. s and s = ratios of opposite side slopes to 1. d and d = side distances. 7ii and li z = side heights. N, N , n and ri = correction numbers. C = contents for 100 feet. Q = correction for curvature. <> = "greater or less than." ~ = "the difference between." " Grade triangle " = triangle between the base and the inter section of the side slopes produced. UNIVERSITY PART I. AREAS. GROUND SLOPING TRANSVERSELY. THOROUGH-CUT. Fig. 1. Let area ABCFD A, area DFG = a, centre height BE c , side heights AK and CL z= /^ and 7/ 2 , side distances AM and XC = d and d , base DF = 5, and ratios of side slopes to 1 = s and s\ CASE 1. Side slopes the same. 6- = s. Produce the side slopes until they meet in G. = |, hence EG =~ 2 2s , xs b and area a z= 2 4:3 But BG e -j- , hence area ACG A -}- a and A = x is (1) 8 Example. Given s s = f ; I = 18 ft. ; d = 30.9 ; tf = 21.6 ; c = 22.0. (tab. 1) = 12, and (tab. 2) = 103. and A = 892.5 108 = 784.5. CASE 2. Opposite side slopes unequal, s <> s. The areas of the triangles DAE, EAB, BCE, and ECF arc respectively -* X 7i - X h. 1. _** and? - 222 2 and, A = - - - , (2) Example. s = J ; 6- = 1 ; & = 1C ; c = 12.6 ; d & d = 10.1 & 20.8; A t &// 8 = 8.4 & 21.8. 8 (8.4+ 21.8) + 12.6 (10.1+29.8) A. nr "=. o/U.o. CASE 3. DE greater or less than EF. Let DE = |, and EF = ^ /C /i The triangles DAE, EAB and BCE have the same expressions for their areas as in case 2, and area ECF = ^-X^ 2 hence, A = ..................... (3) /v Example. Double width track, s - ; s = - ; - = 9 ; =21 c = 32.8 ; 7/.J & 7/ 8 = 2-4.4 & 40.4 ; d & d = 21.2 & 51.3 A _ 9.0 x 24.4 + 21.0 x 40.4 + 32.8 (21.2 -f 51.3) _ ~2~ Formula (1) applies only to case 1 ; formula (2) to cases 1 and 2 ; and formula (3) is general for all cases where the whole road-bed width is either in cutting or embankment, and the surface slopes are sensibly regular between the centre and side stakes. AREAS. SIDE HILL CUTTING. Let q the horizontal distance from centre line to grade point opposite, and A = the area of excavation. 9 CASE 1. Both centre and side height in excavation. The areas of triangles DAE and EAB are as before, and that of the triangle running out to grade = ~ hence, A = 2 Example. 8 = 1, 1) 20, c 4.3, 7i t = 10.G, d = 20.6, and q = 6.2. A = 1Q X 10.6 + 4.3 (20.6 + 6.2) CASE 2. Centre height in embankment. A = (5) Example. It = IS, li =. 10, q = 5. A = (95) 10 = 20 AREAS. GROUND LEVEL TRANSVERSELY. Fig. 2. ^ ? , S. 5 7 B G D CASE 1. Side slopes the same, or s = s. AE = FB = 7/, and EF = CD - b Area ABCD = or A = 5 Example. s = s = - ; I = 16 ; 7i = 20 A =( 16 -}- 20 x 5)20 = 26 x 20 = 520. (6) When the field notes are given, this example can, of course, be worked by any one of formulae (1), (2), or (3). CASE 2. Opposite side slopes unequal, or s <> s. AE = Us ; FB = Its ; and EF = CD. His 4-fl + / t s f -f fly area or A = AT^rrr^ /AB -fCD\ 7 ( AB CD = I ^ \h ( li 10 Example. -s = - ; s = 1 ; I = 16 ; li = 20. /v A = (l6 -f 20 x |)2b = 31 x 20 = G20. AREAS. GROUND BROKEN TRANSVERSELY. Fisr. 3. To calculate the area tibcdefy I c d e f y. The elevations and horizontal distances apart of the points a, I, c } d, c, f f ff f must be determined in the usual manner before the surface is disturbed, and of V, c , d , e ,f, (/ , after the excava tion is made. Calculate the area Aalcd efg B between the surface line and the assumed datum plane AB ; also The ttre&Aab c d e f g g B between the bottom of the pit as excavated and the same datum plane AB. The difference between the results so obtained, gives the area required. "When the cross sections of the line have the surface broken transversely, if the slope stakes are supposed to be at a and g (fig. 3), and AB is the plane of the road-bed, calculate 1st : the area A a l> c d cfg B 2d : the triangles of excess = The difference between the above two results will give the area of earthwork required. For side hill work the process is similar, except that only one 7i*s triangle of excess = -^-, is to be deducted. 11 This of course applies to embankment as well as excavation. Rone of the preceding cases require that the cross section shall be drawn before calculating its area, CONTENTS. FRUSTUM FORMULA. Fig. 4. If ABCD and A B C D bo two consecutive cross sections with like surface lines and side slopes but unequal bottom widths, by producing the side slopes until they meet at E and E , the whole figures ABE and A B E are similar as well as the triangles CDE and C D E . But the solid ABCDA B C D being the difference between the frustums ABEA B E and CDEC D E its cubic con tents are (ABE + A B E + VABE x A B E ( - CDE + C D E -f x C D E in which I represents the distance between the cross sections. 12 If areas ABCD, A B C D , CDE and C D E be represented by A, A , a and a respectively, then taking I as 100 feet, and repre senting the contents in cubic yards by C, we have : (A+^+(A +^)+V(A+a)(A + g )-(^ + a -fV^?) vx 100 ~~3~ ~27 ( If CD = C D then a = a, and the formula becomes : a)(A. ! +a) \ 100 */2f When CD = C D = 0, a vanishes, and A. -f A -f v AAA 100 = 1 3 (10) which is the formula for the frustum of a pyramid. By formulae (8), (9), and (10) the whole of the formulae for cubic contents hereafter given may be conveniently tested. As the solid resulting from connecting the homologous sides of two similar and parallel sections of unequal areas is the frustum of a pyramid, formula (10) is applicable to any plane solid with such end sections, CONTENTS. PRISMOIDAL FORMULA. Fig. 5. J? Let ABCDF be a given cross section, with a base FD = b, and 13 and s the ratios of its side slopes to 1 ; also let IKDF be an equiva lent cross section with level surface, height MN = h, and with same base and side slopes. Produce the side slopes to their intersection at E, and from E let fall the perpendicular EL on IK, intersecting the base in G. Let area ABCDF = IKDF = A, and FDE = a. In the triangle FDE, FG = EG x s, and GD = EG x * , or FD = EG (s -f s ) } whence EG = ?L = _J anc i arca * * " t>if o i t- <S -f- o 6 -j- o __ FDxEG _ I _b_ I* ~~ ~ X ~ s 2(s + s f Similarly in triangle IKE, EL = h -\- IK= consequently, from which, EL = II+T-- For convenience of calculation, let GE = -- -. be represented s-fs A T7T 1 TT ^1 S by ff , and J.L by II ; then as ^-^ = -- -- =/-r we have, by substitution in (11), For a second section with corresponding parts V, H , s and s 9 and areas A and a and for the area M of a cross section midway between A and A , The prismoidal formula for the contents between two end areas A and A at a distance apart = I, with an area M midway be tween them is : 14 But ^ = ^p. - and by substitution in (13) C = M+A _A+A -2MV, (u) also - = M - t ; and substituting this ku(13) C = / M+ ^+4lL The two last expressions for the value of C shew that the calcula tion of contents by averaging the end areas requires a minus correc tion ; and by the middle area (or, what is equivalent, taking the amount corresponding to the average of the end heights from a special table) a plus correction of exactly half as much. The actual minus correction will now be found. By substituting the values of A, A and M in the second term of (14) we have : = V and reducing* c = ( A + A> - (II 1 ) -Oy-g ) \ ! --- -; and g = - 7 , and by substitution in (10) 8-f-S S-\-S 1 * V\ A+ x^)^ fl ^o^ ii^LJ j I s-4-s * Neglecting the common factors s an(i and tlie denominator, the second term becomes, 2H 2 2 g 2H /2 2<7 /2 II 2 2HIT 2 _ H 2 2Hir-fH /2 g*+2(M g f - _ II "7~ 2 2 and restoring the factors - and I, and the denominator, we obtain for mula (1C). 15 Reducing :* making I = 100, dividing by 27, observing that (xy)* (yrf (y~#) 2 , and that t , = a, we obtain : y 2 6 This is the general formula when the opposite side slopes and end road-bed widths are both different. "When the road-bed widths are the same, or b ~ b = 0, the last term vanishes, and the formula becomes : V 2 6 This is the general formula for all slopes and bases where the base is constant between the two end sections. When b = l> = o, a o, and H^-^^r-- w This is the general formula for the frustum of a pyramid,f such as may be the solid between two sections of side hill excavation. The correction in terms of equivalent level heights h and li may be found directly from (16) as follows : When b = b } the expression (gg Y vanishes and (1C) becomes : "" In squaring the binomial of radicals the f actors /__ becomes (i/__l_) V s-}-8 \r +V/ in the first term, |/_?_ ></_*_ in the second, and L|/_?Lj in the third, or 6 -(-6 / 6 -|-6 * 8-^-s 2 8-4-8 in each ---7. thus cancelling the factor . except in the last term of the 8-\-S 2 numerator. f Formula (10) before given for the frustum of a pyramid may be traus- A I A _|_ A/\A/~ O A I O A I O formed into formula (19) ; for ~r * ~r V "" ~ r ^ "J"^ 3 A-f 3 A r A A +2 -y/ A A _3( A+ A )_A 2 ^/ A A + A _A+ A _ G 6~ 2~~ 77^- When A =0 in formula (19) it becomes C=(^ - ) ^ (-A ~7~ ) ~%Y == ~] ^ ~27~ w ^^ ^ s t ^ ie f rmula for ^ ie solidity of a pyramid, as it should le. 10 but (H-HT and substituting, making I 100, and dividing by 27, 2 2V 27" As the plus correction for calculation by middle area was found to be one half of the minus correction for averaging end areas, by making the requisite changes in (20) : but when b b, from formula (12), we obtain and by substitution : This formula is for use when the equivalent level heights have been obtained. APPLICATION OF THE PRISMOIDAL FORMULA. The prismoidal formula in its ordinary form is applicable to a variety of solids, regular and irregular, but requires that the actual middle section shall be previously determined and its area known. In a modified form it can be applied practically by means of tables ; such applications, however, always involving a value of the * By substituting the values of H, H , g and g in formula (12) it becomes : M = V e making b =b, and squaring : M = 4 b ,7 ( +;, u , H ; t V 8 / V /^X 2 4 \ 8 / A" 8 7 \ 8 / 8 This also results directly from formula (7) by taking the area of a second section for a height of h , and averaging like parts for M. middle area which can be deduced directly from the end areas with out necessitating a previous knowledge of the parts of either the middle or the end sections. But in all of its modifications, as well as in its ordinary form, the prismoidal formula invariably involves the area of the actual middle section of the solid to which it is applied, and, as in " Roots and Squares" and " Equivalent level heights, both methods involve a value of the area of this middle section (carried to intersection of side slopes when in thorough-cut) which can be proved identical with that of the frustum of a pyramid, the theoretical application of these methods is limited to solids with end sections sensibly similar, or which can DC rendered so by being carried to the intersection of the side slopes. As the above has been ignored by other writers on this subject, its mathematical proof will be given. The contents of a frustum may be expressed either by the pris moidal or the frustum formula, therefore in the case of a frustum : A+A +4M A+A+VAA - 7. ~ X ~~ o X & u o A I A I 2 \ / \ \ whence A+A -f 4M = 2A+2A +2VAA , and M = - -~ _ A 2 The formula of Roots and Squares where A and A represent the end sections* is (Formula 19) : /A+A ~ and the prismoidal formula for the same solid is : n _ /A+A +4M\100 = - ~~ ~ A+A +4M A+A hence- ^ -- clearing fractions, A+A +4M = 3A+3A -(v / A- 2A+2A -A+2VAA7-A _ _ / V In two end sections with surface level transversely and side slopes constant, if H an-1 H represent the heights from intersection of side slopes to surface and s the ratio of the side slopes to 1, the areas of * In tins article, whether the end sections are carried to intersection of side slopes or not, their areas are expressed by A and A . 18 the end sections to intersection are li s = A, and II 2 s = A , and for the area of the middle section, by averaging like parts : /H-fHV _ H s r * which is the same value of M as that before obtained. Substituting this in the prismoidal formula : <z. __, and reducing, _ lOG^A+A -fVAA 7 100 6 ~~ x ~27~~ 3 x ~27~ which is the formula for the frustum of a pyramid, and shows that this value of M introduced into the prismoidal formula limits its application to such solids only as arc frustums of pyramids. This will be illustrated further from Example 5, page 3G, in which when carried to the intersection of the side slopes produced, the end sec tions are similar. . Thus carried to intersection, the end areas and the actual middle area are respectively 349, 2951, and 1333, as given page 3(j. By Roots and Squares = 1332 By equivalent level heights II = y - = y 349x |= 15.25 II -V =V 2951x1 = 44.35 8 By substituting this value of M in the prismoidal formula : C = 3JO+ For calculation by equivalent level heights as table 15 has a base of 14 feet, and the above heights are taken to intersection of side slopes, (- -) x!4x- k -^r must be deducted from contents \ ~ / ^7 taken from tables. 19 By Rule 4, ^ 29.8 table 15.. 6,47* & 15.25~44.35 = 29.1 table 17. .+ 392 6,871 Deduct 29.8x14 X^ = 417.2 table 4. . .1,545 5,336 cyds. By mean proportional or frustum formula : 1 00 By deducting tlie grade prism 32.7 X -^y = 121 cyds., practically the same result as that given on page 36 is obtained. Another case in which the area of the actual middle section can be deduced from the end areas directly, is when each of the latter can be expressed by two surface dimensions, one of which is the same for both end sections, as in solids whose end sections are parallelograms or triangles with the same base and different heights, or vice versa. Thus if Hi = A and lh r = A represent the end areas of a solid of which the end sections are triangles with the same base and different heights, as may be the case in side hill cutting where the transverse surface slope increases regularly between the end sections, by averaging like parts the middle area is v i( lt + n \ m + w A+A/ *(-*-)= " And as the prismoidal formula is applicable here, by substituting this value of M : ~s~ ~ X W - W which is the average area formula, in this case giving the prismoidal contents. As an example, suppose the triangular end sections of the solid to have a base of 20 feet and heights of 10 and 40 feet respectively. Then A 10 x 10 = 100 ; A = 10 x 40 = 400 ; and By the prismoidal formula : n 100 + 400 -f 4 x 250 100 C=- - - x - = 250 table 4... 926 cds. 20 Calculated by Roots and Squares M = \ __ 935 \ 2 / and this substituted in the prismoidal formula gives 100 C = U /v l ^ Here the average area formula gives the prismoidal contents, and the prismoidal formula applied by its modification of Roots and Squares gives a very rough approximation. The same inaccuracy is of course involved in the method by equivalent level heights, what ever may be the shape of the equivalent and similar end sections of which the level heights are obtained. For instance, if the side hill work is excavated at rock slope, the level heights, if carried to vertex, may be taken for sections with any other side slopes, as 1 to 1, or 1J- to 1. At 1 to 1 carried to vertex H = |/^= 10 ; IT = \/~~ = 20, and to calculate by table 12, with side slopes 1x1 and base 18 feet: = 15 table 12 .............. 1833 2 10-20 = 10 table 14 ............... +31 Deduct 15xl8x-~ = 270 table 4 ............ -1000 864 cyds. at 1 to 1 carried to vertex II = V^00x"f = 8.16 ; H = -\AOOxf = 16.33, and to calculate by table 15, with side slopes 1 to 1, and base 14 feet. 8 - 1C + 16 33 = 13.845 table 15 ....... 1468 8.1616.33 = 8.17 table 17 ....... +31 Deduct 12.245xl4x^= 171.4 table 4 ....... -635 /v 864 cyds. The two last examples show the same error of 62 cyds. obtained by Equivalent level heights, as before by Roots and Squares. I?y mean proportionals or frustum formula : 21 By Rule 2, 926 10~20 = 18 table5.. . 62 864 cyds. If the above sections were similar, as for instance with dimensions 10 x 10 and 20 x 20, the first method by average areas would give too much by 62 cyds, whilst by the others the true prismoidal con tents would be obtained. If both the heights and bases are different and the sections are A-f-A not similar, the middle area will be less than - - and greater tit than I V A-fv A \ ^ an ^ canno ^ j^ obtained directly from the end \ JO r areas. In such cases, the exact contents can be determined by the prismoidal formula only by first obtaining the dimensions of the actual middle section and calculating its area. Practically in railroad earthwork it is only when the transverse surface lines of the end sections are very dissimilar and the areas differ greatly in size that the resulting errors become important, and as at such points the cross sections are usually taken nearer together, it is very rarely the case that the methods of Eoots and Squares and Equivalent level heights fail of practical correctness. In cases of doubt, however, especially when the surface is warped between the end sections, it is safer and better to obtain the area of the actual middle section before calculating the contents. CORRECTION OF CONTENTS FOR CURVATURE. The following article was suggested by that given in Henck ? s " Field Book/ page 110. In excavation on curves, although the cross sections are actually staked out in the direction of the radii at the extremities of the chords, the calculation of contents is made as if these cross sections were perpendicular to the chords. In some cases, especially where the transverse surface slope is considerable, this is the occasion of a sensible error requiring a corresponding correction, the amount of which is determined as follows : >^ OP THE"^ Fig. 6. Suppose A, B, and C to be three consecutive 100 feet stations on a curve of radius OB ; and BF and BII the side distances at station B. The calculation of contents between A and B, and B and C made as if the cross sections at these points were on the lines KjLj. and KL, and K L and K 3 L 2 , or perpendicular to the chords AB and BC, requires at each station a correction similar to that at B, which will now be considered. It is evident that the correction is the difference between the masses KBK and L BL, on opposite sides of the centre line, and between the two vertical planes KL and K L ; these masses having for their cross sections respectively the half-breadths BF and BH. The angle KBK being very small, the arcs KFK and L HL will be considered as straight lines ; and, as the angle KBF = L BII = $ KBK = TBA = D, the deflection angle of the curve, the distance KF = BF x sin D ; or, generally for small angles, any horizontal line as KK or L L measured per pendicularly to the radius OB, and terminated by the planes KL and K L , is practically equal to BF or BH (the corresponding horizontal distance from the centre line) multiplied by 2 sin D. Consequently, the masses KBK and L BL being considered as trun cated prisms with the areas of the half-breadths BF and BH as bases, their heights at any given points are equal to the horizontal distances of these points from the centre line, multiplied into twice the sine of the deflection angle. Fig. 7. Conditions. Sin gle width road-bed and opposite side slopes the same. Transverse surface slopes regular, Let FBHT represent the cross section at B (Fig. C). To simplify calculations, the equal prisms MPT and PTX are added. The area FBT = (BP+PT) - = ( c +~r-, and the heights /y y /is / lv of the prism corresponding are = d x 2 sin D at F, and = at B and T. Its contents therefore = / c ~i~7" feX ( ~ ^~q~ ~ ) Similarly . TTT >r n the contents of prism HBT := 2sinD\ ?, ~) an( ^- correction required, which is the difference of their volumes, I d z 2 sin D b \cr 2 sin D and if Q represents the required correction in cubic yards, But, from formula (1), |c-[-~)( - -J = A+, the area carried to intersection of side slopes ; also sin D = , and as E -g- , in 24 C which C represents the degree of curve, 2 sin D = 50 x 2 x ^r o i [ "57.3 Therefoie, = (A+) Cx ^^ (23) 57.3x3x27 In side hill work, as shown by Mr. Ilenck, the general formula wli ,-,,-, ,100 lor the correction in cubic feet is Q = (d-\-o w)-^, in which *i ol\ w represents the width of excavation at the road-bed. But as - = A, the area of earthwork, in this case the correction in cubic yards is 57.3x3x27 Values of the last factor in formulae (23) and (24) are given in Table 18. In excavation the correction for curvature as obtained by for mulas (23) and (24) is to be added when the curve is convex, and subtracted when it is concave toward the higher ground, and in em bankment these conditions are reversed. It is supposed to be applied at the middle one of three cross sections at intervals of 100 feet, and all on the same curve. If the distance to either of the cross sections next the one under consideration differs from 100 feet, the correction found as above is to be multiplied by the half sum of the two distances and divided by 100. At points of curve or tangent one of these distances of course becomes nothing. Whether the side slopes, or the widths from the centre line to the edge of the road-bed, are different or not, if the transverse sur face lines are broken, the cross sections should be drawn to scale, the two half -breadths divided into triangles, and the horizontal dis tances from the centre line to the corners of each subdividing triangle measured on the drawing. The sum of the three distances 2 sin I) for each triangle multiplied by its area and by - will give the contents in cubic feet of the prism corresponding. It is not mate rial how the sides of the subdividing triangles are drawn, provided that the whole of each triangle is on the same side of the centre line. The difference of the masses whose cross sections are the half- 25 breadths FB and BH (Fig. G), and which lie on opposite sides of the centre line between the vertical planes KL and K L , the base plane and the planes of the side slopes, is in all cases the correction required. With double-width track or opposite side slopes different, if the surface is regular from the centre to the slope stakes, from formula (3), the areas of the triangles of one half -breadth are - x/ i and , and of the other -rX/^o and The heights of the prisms corresponding to these areas are 2 sin D ; (d+O+O) | sin D . / ^ _|_| + o) f sin D ; and (J -f-O-fO) | sin D, and their contents sin D shl D x " d/+ sin and (-|-)f sin D ; but as f 55. = Cx 0.000215, the correction in cubic yards becomes d~d ) \ Cx 0.000215 .......... (25) PART II. PLAIN INSTRUCTIONS FOR OBTAINING THE PRISMOIDAL CONTEXTS OF EARTHWORK, WITH PRACTICAL RULES AND EXAMPLES SHOWING THE USES OF THE ACCOMPANYING TABLES IN SIMPLIFYING COMPU TATIONS BY THE FORMULAE OF PART I. THE following Rules for computation of Cubic Contents are based on the condition that the transverse surface lines of the end sections shall be sensibly similar ; but it will be observed that 1, 2, and 3 together coverall cases to which the method of " Roots and Squares, or of " Equivalent level heights," can be correctly applied, and that the practical limit of their application may be indefinitely extended by increasing the proximity of the cross sections in rough ground. To find the prisvtioidal contents of thorough-cut or Jill when road-bed width and side slopes are constant between end sections. Given : areas, side slopes, and base (A and A , s and s , and b). RULE 1. (FORMULA 18). Enter table 2 with the given road-bed width (#), and the half (X-L-,S \ ^ J, and take out the corre sponding area = a. Add this to each of the given end areas and the square roots of the resulting quantities (<\/A-|-ft and \/A -{-aj from table 3 are N and N , the correction numbers. Enter table 4 with the average of the end areas ( "^ )> an( l table 5 with the difference of the correction numbers (N~N ), and take out the corresponding quantities. The difference of the quan tities taken from tables 4 and 5 is the contents in cubic yards for a length of 100 feet. For a different length multiply by the length iu feet and divide by 100. Example. Given A - 974 ; A = 87 ; ,9 = i ; s = ; I = 20. 27 s-4-s From table 2 when b = 20 and -77 = f> ^ ne area * tne triangle () = 160 <V/A-f- = V974 + 160 = 1134 table 3 33.7 = N ^/A^a = A/87 + 160 = 247 table3 15.7 = X A+A 974+87 _ K , , , Z_ = _I o30. 5 table 4 196o 2 2 N~N i= 33.7~15.7 = 18.0 table 5. . . . 200 Contents for 100 feet .......... 1765 cyds. For a different length as 80 feet, 1765 x 0.8 = 1412 cyds. XOTE. If the square roots of the areas to the intersection of the side slopes are obtained and recorded when the areas are calculated, as will ordinarily be found more convenient, the data are A and A and N and N ; , and only the two last steps of Rule 1 are necessary. To find the prismoidal contents of side hill work, pyramids, and any solid with similar end sections. Given : end areas (A and A ). RULE 2 (FORMULA 19). Take the square roots of the end areas (A/ A and A/ A 7 ) from table 3 = n and ri. Enter table 4 with the average of the end areas ( - V and \ 2 / table 5 with the difference of the correction numbers (n~ri), and take out the corresponding quantities. The difference between the quantities taken from tables 4 and 5 is the contents in cubic yards for 100 feet. For a different length multiply by the length in feet and divide by 100. Example. Given end areas A = 41 and A = 185. A/A = 41 table 3 = 6.4 = n; A/ A 7 = 183 table 3 = 13.6 = n . _ +185 = 113teble4 ....... 418 . 5 / & ri = 6.413.6 = 7.2 table 5 ....... 32.0 Contents for 100 feet ........... 386.5 cyds. For a different length, as 25 feet, -^- = 96.6 cyds. Example. Pyramid. Given end areas A = 104 and A = 0. A/A = 104 table 3 = 10.2 = n ; A/A 7 = = n. 28 A+A 1044-0 _Z _ IL_ 2 table 4 192.G n~ri = 10.2-0 = 10.2 table 5 -64.2 Contents for 100 feet 128. 4 cyds. For a different length, as GO feet, 128.4x0,6 = 77 cyds. KOTE. Examples under Rule 1 can be readily tested by Rule 2, the difference in the working being that the grade prism is first included and then deducted. For instance, in the example given under Rule 1, the end areas to intersection of side slopes are 1134 and 247, and the square roots corresponding 33.7 and 1G.7 then : .1134^-247 = G95> 2 33.7-15.7 = 18.0 table 5 . . . . -200 Contents to intersection of side slopes . . .2358 Less grade prism 160 table 4 593 Contents of earth work for 100 feet.. 1765 cyds. To find the prismoidal contents of thorough-cut or fill when the end road-bed widths are different. Given : end areas, side slopes, and end road-bed widths (A and A ; s and s ; 1) and V). RULE 3 (FORMULA 17). g I < Enter table 2 with and Z>, V and l~l respectively, and /v take out the corresponding areas a, a and a". From table 3 take out the square roots of the end areas to intersection \/A+a = N", and \/A -\-a = X . Enter table 4 with - (- , and table 5 with N"~N , and the /& o difference between the corresponding quantities taken from tables 4 and 5 is the contents in cubic yards for 100 feet. For a different length multiply by the length in feet and divide by 100. Example. Given I = 16 ; V = 40 ; s = J ; 5 = | - ; A = 1565 ; A = 253. Here a = 128 ; a = 800 ; a" = 288 ; N = 41.1 and N = 32,4. A+A a" 1565+253,288 QKW , v, -^ HTT^ ^- +y- = 9o7table4 3o44.4 X~:\ T/ = 41.1-32.4 = 8.7 tablc 5 -46.7 Contents for 100 feet 3497.7 Q \ Q*V *y For a different length, as 50 feet 5 = l^ 49 cyds. 29 The example under Eule 3 is of a case where averaging the end areas gives less than the prismoidal contents. It may be tested by Formula 8, page 12, as also Rules 1 and 2 by Formulae 9 and 10. To find the prismoidal contents when the ground is level transversely, or where the heights of equivalent level sections have been obtained. Given : level heights, base and half -sum of ratios of side slopes and h ; I and ^l Y RULE 4 (FORMULA 21). Enter the table of level cuttings for the proper base and side slopes with the half -sum of the end heights ( - -), and the table \ * / of special plus corrections for the same side slopes with the diffe rence of the end heights (h~h r ), and take out the corresponding quantities. The sum of these quantities is the contents for 100 feet. For a different length, multiply by the length in feet and divide by 100. Example. Given I = 14 ; h = 8.6 ; /// = 36.8 ; ^ti = H. = m table 15.. ..4040 x> h~h = 8.G~3G.8 = 28.2 table 17 +368 Contents for 100 feet 4408 cyds. For a different length, as 85 feet, 4408 x 0.85 = 3747 cyds. To find the Correction for Curvature in single width thorough-cut when the transverse surface slope is regular. Given : area to intersection of side slopes, degree of curve, and difference of side distances (A-\-a, C, and d~d ). RULE 5 (FORMULA 23). Enter table 18 with d~d and take out the corresponding factor : multiply this into the product of A+ by C, and the result is Q the correction in cubic yards, to be applied at the middle one of three stations, all on the same curve and 100 feet apart. If the dis tance to either of the other two stations from the middle one differs from 100 feet, multiply by the half -sum of the two distances and divide by 100. 30 This correction is to be added or subtracted accordingly as the curve is convex or concave, toward the higher ground. Example, Given c = 28 ; 7^ = 40 ; h 2 = 16 ; d = 74 ; rf = 38 ; 6 = 28 ; E = 1400 ; or A+ = 2090 ; C = 4.09 ; d~d = 30. 36 table 18 = 0.00776, ami 2090x4.09x0.00776 = 66.3 cyds. If the distances to the two adjacent stations are 50 and 40 feet respectively, the correction required is ~X^6.3 = GG.3xO.-l 5 = 29.8 cyds. To find the correction for curvature in side-hill work when the trans verse surface slope is regular. (liven : area ; degree of curve ; side distance ; road-bed width ; and width of excavation at road-bed (A : C ; d; b ; w). RULE 6 (FORMULA 24). Enter table 18 with d-\-l) io and take out the corresponding factor : multiply this by the product of A by C, and the result is Q the correction in cubic yards, to be applied in all respects as in Rule 5. Example. Given w 17 ; b 30 ; d - 51 ; 7/ t = 24 ; 1! = 1600 ; or A = 204 ; C = 3.5S ; d+l-w = 64. G4 table 18 = 0.01379, and 204x3.58x0.01379 = 10.1 cyds. If both intervals are 50 feet, the correction required is ~^~ X 10.1 = 10.1 X 0.5 = 5 cyds. For correction for curvature when the transverse surface slope is broken, or for double-width thorough-cut, sec page 24. Rules 5 and 6 apply to excavation only. For embankment the correction is to be added or subtracted accordingly as the curve is concave or convex toward the higher ground. 31 MISCELLANEOUS EXAMPLES. EXAMPLE 1. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (?) (8) (3) (10) ss o 02 .2 fig End Areas. Average Areas. Corr n Areas. Corr n sq. roots Diff. sq. roots Average Contents. cu. yds. Corr n Contents, cu. yds. Prismoidal Contents, cu. yds. | 0.0 0.0 0.( 80 30.0 7.7 88.9 29.3 59.6 fl GO.O j 60.0 M 7.71 U60.0J J12.6 f 60 96.2 2.6 213.8 2,5 2113 1 132.5 232.5 15.2 100 190.9] 3.5 707.0 7.6 699.4 3 249.2 349.2 18.: 100 280.9 1.6 1040.3 1.6 1038.7 5 312.7 412.7 203 100 466.6 6.5 1728.1 26.1 1702.0 w < G20.5 720.5 26.8 i 100 682,6 2.3 2528.1 3.3 2524.8 9 744.8 844.8 29.1 100 864.9 3.8 3203.3 8.9 3194.4 11 985.0 1085.0 32.9 100 893.3 2.9 3308.5 5.2 3303.3 13 801.5 901.5 30.0 100 608.7 I 7.3 2254.4 32.9 2221.5 ; 15 416.0 516.0 22.7 . 100 287.8 6.6 1065.9 26.9 1039.0 17 159.5 259.5 16.1 1 40 129.7 2,0 192.1 1.0 191.1 rt 100.0 1 200.0 1 1 100.0 f m.i) Uo.0 f 50 50 10.0 92.6 30.8 61.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 16423.0 -176.1 =16246.9 1 Example 1, as above, is of the railroad cut given in Morris s "Earthworks,"* pp. 47-54, with contents computed by Rules 1, 2, and 4, and the auxiliary tables of the present work. As here used, the areas are supposed to belong to sections which, when carried to the intersection of the side slopes in thorough-cut, are ren dered sensibly similar, and the examples as here given are intended * "Easy Rules for the Measurement of Earthworks by means of the Pris moidal Formula. By Ell wood Morris, C.E." Philadelphia : 1872. 32 to show only the comparative facility of arriving at the prismoidal contents by Mr, Morris s methods and those of the preceding rules when the above condition of similarity is fulfilled, and not to endorse the application of the method of " Roots and Squares " (or of the rules of this work) in cases where the hypothetical middle area materially differs from the actual one.* Except by trial with the actual middle section and the prismoidal formula, it seems almost impossible in cases of dissimilar end sections to know when the application of the method of Roots and Squares, or of the preceding rules, begins to fail of practical correctness, but it may safely be assumed that if the ground is properly and sufficiently cross-sectioned, the results obtained by them will be practically the prismoidal contents. The above tabulated example shows all the steps necessary .in (hiding the prismoidal contents in cubic yards when the areas are given. Columns (1), (2), and (3) being written out, (4) is derived directly from (3) by averaging ; (5) from (3) by adding area of grade triangle in thorough-cut ; (G) from (5) by table 3 ; (7) from (G) by subtraction ; (8) from (4) by table 4 ; (9) from (7) by table 5 ; and (10) from (8) and (9) by subtraction. Column (4) gives the average end areas throughout the cut, including the terminal pyramids, and the only break in the routine of adding the area of the grade triangle in column (5) is at the point where the cutting runs out on the lower side. At such points two areas have to be used, the one of earthwork plus the grade triangle, for computation of thorough-cut by Rule 1, and the other of earth work alone, for the calculation of the pyramid or side-hill work into which the thorough-cut changes, and of which the computation of contents falls under Rule 2. Column (8) gives the contents between each two stations roughed out by the common method of " average areas," column (9) the cor responding error, and column (10) the prismoidal contents, all in cubic yards. It is not strictly necessary to write out all of the columns given above, but errors are so much more readily detected when all of the steps are shown, that ordinarily time and labor will be saved by adopting some system of tabulating similar to the above, both as regards the number of columns and the arrangement by which the figures ref en-ing to each two stations may be recorded on a line between them. * See article on the application of the prismoidal formula, page 16. 33 The prismoidal contents in cubic yards between stations 1 and 1 7 are given by Mr. Morris as 15,721, and by the above computation as 15,723, whilst the contents of the whole cut given by him as 16,664 appear above as 16,247. The discrepancy is in the truncated por tions of the cut outside of stations 1 and 17, which by some over sight he gives as 943, instead of 524 cubic yards. The preceding example will now be computed by equivalent level heights and Rule 4. The data of level heights are supposed to be obtained from Trautwine s diagrams, as when such accuracy is required as renders the calculation of areas necessary, Rule 1, 2, or 3 should be used for the computation of contents. EXAMPLE 2. 0) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) Stations. Distances. Eq. Level Heights, Eq. Level Heights. Half-sum. Eq. Level Heights. Difference. End Heights. Contents. Corr n Contents, cu. yds. Prismoi dal Contents, cu. yds. 0.7 40 1.6 1.9 51 51 a 2.6 60 3.9 2.6 207 1 208 I 5.2 100 7.0 3.5 700 4 704 3 8.7 100 9.5 1.6 1038 1 1039 5 10.3 100 13.6 6.5 1692 13 1705 7 16.8 100 18.0 2.3 2533 2 2535 9 19.1 100 21.0 3.8 3189 5 3194 11 22.9 100 | 21.5 2.9 3305 3 3308 13 .20.0 100 | 16.4 7.3 2211 16 2227 15 12.7 100 9.4 6.6 1024 13 1037 17 6.1 40 5.1 2.0 190 190 a 4.1 25 2.6 3.1 54 1 55 1.0 16194 -f-59 = 16253 34 Yfitli equivalent level heights given, the above tabulated example shows all the steps required in finding the approximate prismoidal contents in cubic yards. Columns (1), (2), and (3) being written out, (4) is derived directly from (3) by averaging, and (5) from (3) by subtracting. The table of level cuttings for a base of 20 feet and slopes 1 to 1, from which column (G) should be taken, is not pub lished in this volume, but its place may readily*be supplied by adding 1. to each of the heights of column (3), and taking 70 from each of the corresponding quantities in table 12. Such remainders are the amounts in column (G). Column (7) is derived from (5) by table 14, and (&) from (G) and (7) by addition. In ordinary ground sloping transversely, the area of earthwork of the terminal pyramid at the point where the centre height is nothing, is about one-fourth of the area of the section where. the pyramid begins ; and practically, as only small quantities are con cerned, the equivalent level height corresponding may be taken as one-fourth of that corresponding to >tho area of the base of the pyramid. The calculation of contents by equivalent level heights and tables is well suited for preliminary or approximate estimates, espe cially if, as in the present case, when the sum of the tenths of the end heights is uneven, the average is always taken as the tenth next greater than the actual half-sum. The variation between the contents of the thorough-cut from 1 to 17, as given in Examples 1 and 2, is due to the fact that the equiva lent level heights are carried out to tenths only. In the present case, at a height of 20 feet the increment is over two cubic yards for each 0.01 of a foot, and in embankment at the same height it is still greater. As in practice neither equivalent level heights nor those of the tables of level cuttings are carried out to hundredths, one cause of the greater accuracy of the previous method by Rules 1 and 2 is evident. It may be replied that errors as important arc involved in the field work, the cross section stakes being set only approximately ; but that an element of error should voluntarily be introduced into the calculations because another such already exists in the data, is a position that will not be contended for seriously. Example 3. In a cutting with road-bed width 1G feet, and oppo site side slopes J and f to 1, the given areas of two consecutive cross sections with similar transverse surface lines and at a distance apart, of 100 feet, arc 100 and 1000 square feet respectively : required the prismoidal contents. Here the area of the grade triangle (table 2) OJ is 102, and consequently the whole areas to intersection are 202 and 1102. To find the correction numbers N and JV. 202 table3 14.2 = JV 1102 table 3 33.2 = N To find the contents in cubic yards. 100+1000 = 550 table 4. 2 14.2-33.2 = 19.0 table 5. . ..-223 Contents for 100 feet 1814 cyds. Test by Formula 9. -Y/202xll02 = 472 = mean area to intersection. = 490 table 4 .......................... 1815 cyds. Example. 4. Given 100 and 1000 square feet respectively as the areas of two similar cross sections 100 feet apart, irrespective of shape or number of sides in perimeter : required the prismoidal con tents. To find the correction numbers n and n. 100 table 3 ...................... 10.0 = n 1000 table 3 ..................... 31.6 = n To find the contents in cubic yards. A 10.0 31. G = 21.6 table 5 . . . 288 Contents for 100 feet 1749 cyds. Test by Formula 10. = 316 = mean area. /1 00+1000+316X100 - / 100 \ I r= 4: i fi \ . - I V 3 /27 \2lJ = 472 table 4 , 1748 cyds. Example 5. At two stations 100 feet apart with base b = 14 feet, and side slopes s = 1|- to 1, given the notes of the cross section at the first station, centre height C = 10.2, side heights h t and Ji s = 36 6.8 and 15.2, and side distances d and d = 17.2 and 29.8 ; and at second station, centre height 38.6, side heights 28.6 and 53.0, and side distances 49.9 and 86.5. Calculation of areas A and A , and correction numbers N and N . s-\-s For the grade triangle corresponding to Z = 14 and - - = 1, tQ the height table 1 = 4.67, and the area table 2 = 33 = a. By Formula (1) and Rule 1. Area (A+) = <iMiM<lM?M) = 3 49 table 3 = 18.7 = </ correction number N; and 349 33 = 316 A. Area(A + ) = (38.6+4.67)(49.9+86.5) = correction number N ; and 2951 33 = 2918 = A . Calculation of Contents. Formula (18), Rule 1. 316+2918 1S.7~54.3 = 35.6 table 5 -782 " Contents for 100 feet 5207 cyds. Test by Formula 13. From the preceding data the notes of the middle area would give centre height 24.4, and side distances 33.55 and 58.15 ; and by For mula (1) (24.4 + 4.67) (33.55+ 58. 15) v OL> ^^ LOOO O J ^^ 1OUU ^^ iVL. 2 i 17 i /1 . n 3l 7+29lS-hl300x4 100 by Formula (13) - - 2J _ x _ = To find the equivalent level heights. (Rule 7.) 316 table 4. . . .1170 table 10. . . .10.6 equiv. lev. lit 2918 table 4. . .. 10,807 table 10 .. .39.7 " Test by Trautwine s method, with level heights. 10.6 table 10 1174 39.7 table 10 10,815 (25.15 table 10. ...... .4818.5)x4 19,274 6 [31, 263 Contents for 100 feet 5^210.5 cyds. 37 By Formula (21) , Rule (4), with level heights. 10 - G + 39 - 7 - 25.15 table 10. . . .4818.5 /& 10.G~ 39.7 = 29.1 table 15 ............. +392.0 Contents for 100 feet ........... 5,210.5 cyds. By Formula (20), with eml areas and level heights. 316+2918 10.6~39.7 = 29.1 table 17 ............... 784 Contents for 100 feet .............. 5205 cyds. Approximation ly Formula (20), with centre, heights of profile sub stituted for level heights. = 1617 table 4 ................. 5989 /i 10.238.6 = 28.4 table 17.. . .747 Approximate contents for 100 feet.. 5, 242 cyds. This approximation is for an extreme case, as in practice the difference between two consecutive centre heights is rarely as much as one-half of the difference above taken. In ordinary cases this approximation gives results very nearly correct. It will be observed that by Trautwine s method, as given above, three quantities are taken from the tables, and that it involves an addition of three quantities, a multiplication, and a division ; whilst by Rule 4, which with the same data gives the same result, the sum of two quantities taken from the tables is the required contents. Example 6. Correction of Contents for Curvature. If the second cross section of Example 5 is at the middle one of three stations 100 feet apart, and all of them on a G curve which is con cave toward the higher ground, the correction for curvature to be deducted at the station under consideration is obtained as follows by Rule 5 : From the above C = G, and from the notes of Example 5, A+0 = 2951, and d~d = 3G.6. But 3G.6 table 18 = 0.007885 ; and Q = 2951 x 6 x 0.007885 = 139.6 cyds. Test l)y IlencUs Formula. C = \l,-c(d-d )+il)(h-h )} X$(d+d r ) sin D, in which d and d are side distances, h and h side heights, c the centre height, and D 38 die deflection angle ; hence from the above and the notes of Example 5, = 3768.5 cu. feet = 139. G cyds. In practice d~d is required to the nearest foot only, REMARKS OX ESTIMATING CONTENTS. PROFILE EARTHWORK. In addition to the cross sections at the regular stations, others are necessary where changes begin in the character of the transverse surface slope, as well as at all points where the surface line of the profile changes its direction ; and all of the formulae and rules here tofore given for finding the contents suppose the solid to be between two consecutive cross sections taken at such points. In passing from cutting into embankment, cross sections should always be taken at the two points on opposite sides of the road-bed where the cutting "runs out." This will obviate the necessity for staking out the P.P." except with a zero point on the centre line, as, in addition to accurate data for calculation of the pyramids of cut and bank which lie between the two cross sections thus taken, two more zero points, one on each side of the road-bed, will be given. For like reasons, in passing from thorough into side hill cutting, the point on the lower side where the excavation runs out should be cross-sectioned. Where the original quantities of excavation and embankment have been calculated, and the work is being done according to the slope-stakes and field-notes, probably the simplest method of obtain ing the quantities moved in an unfinished cutting or embankment is to take the average heights above or below the road-bed at each of the several stations of that portion which has been worked upon, and then, with Formula (21), Rule 4, and tables, to calculate by these heights the quantities remaining to be done. The latter sub tracted from the original quantities between the same stations will, of course, give the desired amount. When the material lies in strata, a similar means may be used for determining the respective quantities of the different kinds of 39 excavation. For example, a cutting may be composed of earth at top, loose rock below the earth, and solid rock at bottom : the amounts then calculated by the loose rock heights, and deducted from the original quantities giving the earth, and the solid rock- similarly calculated and deducted from the amounts obtained by the loose rock heights giving the loose rock. When the necessary ave rage heights have been obtained, the quantities corresponding may be found very rapidly by Rule 4 and the proper tables. For approximate estimates, when the centre heights and trans verse surface slopes only are given, the shortest method is to find the equivalent level heights by Trautwine s diagrams, and then take out the contents by Rule 4. When the work is carried on irregularly, no general rules for ascertaining the true contents can be given. When the cross sections are very irregular and dissimilar, the best practical rule is to take them at very short intervals. This in all cases reduces the error in the calculation of contents to a minimum. A very careful and thorough investigation of the mathematical methods of calculating irregular earthwork is given in the article on " Earthwork " in Henck s " Field-Book, " and to that the theoretical reader is referred. BOREOW PITS. For obtaining the contents of extensive borrow pits, the follow ing will be found to be about as simple a method as is consistent with correctness. Before the excavation is commenced, lay off the surface in squares, rectangles, or triangles, small enough to be con sidered as plane surfaces, and take elevations with the Level at all of the corners. These elevations must be referred to a base which will be below the bottom of the borrow pit when the work is finished. A plan of the ground as laid off should then be made, and the elevations above the base recorded on it at the corners. When r,n estimate of the quantities excavated is to be made during the pro gress of the work, the horizontal limits of the pit as then excavated should be taken, and inside of these limits the whole of the ground again divided into rectangles and triangles without reference to UK former surface divisions, the elevations above the base plane again being taken at all corners, including those on the surface at the edges of the pit. The original quantity inside of the pit limits and down to the base plane, taken as a series of truncated prisms, should then be calculated, and next the quantity remaining inside of the pit limits 40 and above the base plane. The difference between those amounts gives the quantity excavated. The advantage of using an independent method of dividing up the ground after the original surface has been removed is that it rarely happens that the best arrangement of these subdivisions for reducing to plane surfaces will agree accurately, either in size or position, with those originally taken on the ground surface. If, however, the same divisions can be taken in the bottom of the pit as originally on the surface, the differences of the elevations at each corner taken before and after the excavation is made will give the heights of the prisms, of which the contents may be obtained by a single calculation. In order to prevent the necessity for recalculating the finished portions at each estimate, when any portion of the pit will not again be disturbed, its limits should be referenced on the ground and indi cated on the plan, and its contents recorded separately, RULES FOR VARIOUS USES OF TABLES. To find the height of an equivalent level section. * Given : areas, side slopes, and base. RULE 7. Enter table 4 with the given area, and take out the corresponding quantity : find the quantity nearest to this in the body of table of level cuttings with the given side slopes and base, and the index number corresponding is the equivalent level height to the nearest tenth. * When centre heights and transverse surface slopes only are given, if r = ratio to 1 of surface slope = cotangent of surface angle, and = 8, then the equivalent level height = h= ( e-f- | r _ L \ 2*7 V 1 -** to 41 Example. Given a = 800 ; -^- = H ; b = 14 800 table 4. . . .2963 table 15. .. .18.9 equiv. lev. lit. To find the area corresponding to a level height, reverse the pro cess of Rule 7. To find the middle area of Rule 1. Given : N", N , and a. RULE 8. Enter table 3 with - , and take out the quantity correspond ing ; from this deduct a, and the remainder is the middle area. From example 5, page 36, 1ST = 18.7 ; K" = 54.3 ; and a 33. 18.7-J-54.3 _ qft - f Ki rt Q IQQO 1332 - 33 = 1299 = M To find the middle area of Rule 2. Given : n and n . RULE 9. Enter table 3 with ~- , and the quantity corresponding is the middle area. Example. With similar end areas 4x25 = 100, and 8x50 = 400, the middle area is 6x37.5 225. Here n = 10 and n 20, , n-\-n 104-20 , ,, ___ ,, and ^ = ~ = lo table 3 = 22o M. To find the middle area of Rule 4. 94 ^ Given : h and h ; --- ; and b. RULE 10. Enter the table of level cuttings for the given side slopes and base with ~|~ , and take out the corresponding quantity : find the quantity nearest to this in the body of table 4, and the index num ber corresponding is the middle area. Example. From example 5, page 36, h = 10.6 and h 39.7. 1Q>6 t 39>7 = 25. 15 table 15 .... 4818 table 4 .... 1301. A 42 To extend the Correction Tables, general or special. RULE 11. When the difference of the correction numbers, or of the level heights, is too large to enter the table with, take one-half of it, and with this enter and take out the corresponding quantity, which mul tiplied by 4 gives the correction required far a length of 100 feet. Examples. In table 5 the correction corresponding to 32 is 632.1, which multiplied by 4 gives 2528.4, the correction corresponding to 64. In table 17, the correction corresponding to 12.2 is 68.9, which multiplied by 4 gives 275.6, the correction corresponding to 24.4. To find the special corrections for any given side slopes from the general correction table. RULE 12. Enter table 5 with h~h r , and take out the corresponding quan tity ; for the special plus corrections multiply this by the quarter- sum of the ratios of the side slopes I ~~ 1 ; for the special minus ( s i y\ -t-l The corrections so obtained are for = lengths of 100 feet. Examples. From table 5 the general minus correction corre- s-\~s spending to 39.4 is 958.2, and the plus correction for ~~- 1J is 958.2 x f = 718.7 corresponding to 39.4 table 17. The minus cor- g i g ; rection for - - = |- is 958.2 x J- = 479.1 corresponding to 39.4 2 table 14. In like manner with ~ = | the plus correction for 39.4 A <? I -g = 958.2 x 0.1 = 95.8, table 8 ; and with - - = 1, the minus cor- fy rections, general and special, are the same, as are N~N and h^h . (See table 5, and examples 1 and 2, pages 31 and 33.) 43 EXPLANATIONS OF TABLES. Table 1 is for obtaining the height of the grade triangle. To use it, find the half-sum of the ratios of the given side slopes at the top. and the number vertically below, and on the same line with the given road-bed width in the left column, is the height required. g I Q f Thus with 1} = 16 and ~~~ = f the height corresponding is 12.8. Table 2 contains the area of the same triangle. It is used with the same data and entered in the same way. Thus with I = 18 and 9-Jo - := -|- the area corresponding = a = 162. / Table 3 gives square roots to tenths, or correction numbers of areas. To use it, find in the body of the table the number nearest to that which expresses the area under consideration, and the figures on the same horizontal line in the left column arc the whole num bers, and that immediately above it, at the top of the table, the tenths of the correction number required. Thus if the area to intersection of side slopes is 2,000, the correction number N is 4-4.7 : if one of similar end areas is 230, the correction number n is 15.2. Table 4 is for finding the contents for 100 feet corresponding to a given area. The left column contains the tens, and the top the units, of the area. In the body of the table are the corresponding contents in cubic yards for lengths of 100 feet. In the short table of two lines prefixed, the contents -corresponding to the tenths of the area are given, and these when required are to be added to the con tents taken from the main table. Thus the contents corresponding to the area 1872.7 are 6933.3+2.6 = 6935.9 cubic yards. Table 5 is for obtaining the corrections for computations by ave rage areas. The arithmetical difference between the correction numbers is to be found in whole numbers and tenths respectively, in the left column and at the top of the table, and the number corre sponding in the body of the table is the correction in cubic yards for a length of 100 feet. Thus if the difference of the correction num bers is 28.3, the correction corresponding is 494.4 cycls. This correction is always to be subtracted. The Tables of Level Cuttings for special side slopes and road-bed widths give the cubic yards for lengths of 100 feet corresponding to the different heights, of which the whole numbers are in the left column and the tenths at top. 44 The special tables of plus corrections give the correction for computation by averaging equivalent level heights. The differences of the end heights in feet and tenths respectively are in the left column and at top, and the corresponding corrections for lengths of 100 feet in the body of the table. Care must be taken to use the correction table with the half sum of the side slopes the same as that of the table of level cuttings of which the contents are to be cor rected. The special tables of minus corrections give the corrections for average areas when entered with the heights of equivalent level sec- dons. The side slopes of the table must be the same as those of the end sections, between which the contents are to be corrected. When the tables of minus corrections for special slopes are entered with the differences of the centre heights of the profile instead of those of the equivalent level heights, in ordinary ground :i close approximation to the true correction is obtained. For the special plus correction tables the half-sum of the side .slopes is indicated at the top. For the special minus corrections the slopes are indicated at the bottom of the same tables. Table 18 contains factors for calculation of the corrections for curvature. Its use is explained in Rules 5 and G. TABLE tfo. 1. Roadbed Width in Left Column ; half-sum of ratios of Side Slopes at Top ; Height of Grade Triangle in body of Table. i b i t 1 i 5 8 1 4 8 1 H H If n 2 IO 25 20 13.3 IO 8.0 6.7 5-7 5 44 4.0 3-6 3-3 2-5 I2j 30 24 16.0 12 9.6 8.0 6.9 6 5-3 4 .8 4-4 4-0 30 14 35 28 18.7 14 II. 2 9-3 8.0 7 6.2 56 5.1 4-7 3-5 16 40 32 21.3 16 12.8 10.7 9-1 8 7-1 6.4 5-8 5,3 4.0 18 45 36 24.0 18 144 12.0 10-3 9 8.0 7-2 6-5 6.0 4-5 20 50 40 26.7 20 16.0 13-3 11.4 IO 8-9 8.0 7-3 6.7 5-0 22 55 44 29-3 22 17.6 14-7 12.6 ii 9.8 8.8 8.0 7-3 5-5 24 60 48 32.0 24 19.2 16.0 13.7 12 10.7 9-6 87 8.0 6.0 26 65 52 34.7 26 20.8 17-3 14.9 13 EX.6 10.4 9-5 8.7 6.5 28 70 56 37-3 28 22.4 18.7 16.0 14 12.4 II. 2 10.2 9-3 7-o 30 75 60 40.0 30 24.0 20.0 17.1 15 13.3 12.0 10.9 1O.O 7-5 4 i t i 5 "8 i I 1 H U if H 2 TABLE 2. Roadbed Width in Left Column; half-sum of ratios of Side Slopes at Top; Area of Grade Triangle in body of Table. CJ J T 4 t i I 1 i 1 4 H Jl H 2 10 125 100 66.7 50 4O.O 33-3 28.6 25 22.2 20.0 18.2 16.7 12.5 12 180 144 96.0 72 57-6 48.0 41.1 .36 32.0 28.8 26.2 24.0 18.0 M 245 196 130.7 98 78.4 65.3 56.0 49 43,5 .38.2 35-6 32.7 24-5 ib 320 2561170.7 128 102.4 85-3 73-i 64 56.9 51-2 46.6 42.7 32.0 [8 4 5 3241216.0 162 129.6 108.0 92.6 81 72.0 64.8 58.9 54-0 40.5 20 500 400 266.7 200 1 60.0 133.3 "4-3 IOO 88.9 80.0 72.7 66.7 50.0 22 605 484 322.7 242 193.6 161.3 138.3 121 107.5 96.8 88.0 80.7 60.5 24] 720 576 384.0 288 230.4 192.0 164.6 144 128.0 II5-2 104.7 96.0 72.0 26 845 676 450.7 338 270.4 225.3 I93.I 150.2 135-2 122.9 112.7 84,5 28 980 784 522.7 392 313-6 261.3 224.0 196 174.2 156.8 142.6 130.7 98.0 30 1125 900 600.0 450 360.0 300.0 257.1 225 200.0 iSo.o 163.6 150.0 112.5 i i * * I 1 * 1 H H If H * 46 TABLE tfo. 3. Areas in body of Table; Correction Nos., in feet and tenths, in left column and at top. u i Diff.to ! .1 .2 -3 4 -5 .6 -7 .8 -9 0.05 o j o.o o.o o.i 0.2 0-3 0.4 * 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.05 1 I 1.2 i-4 i-7 2. 2-3 2.6 2.9 3-2 3-6 0.2 2 4 4-4 4.8 5-3 5.8 6-3 6.8 7-3 7.8 8.4 o-3 3 9 9 .6 IO.2 10.9 n.6 12.3 13- 13-7 14.4 15.2 0.4 4 16 16.8 17-6 18.5 19.4 20.3 21.2 22.1 23. 24. o-5 5 25 26. 27- 28.1 29.2 30-3 31-4 32-5 33-6 34-8 0.6 6 36 37-2 38.4 39-7 41. 42-3 43-6 44-9 46.2 47-6 0.7 7 49 50.4 51-8 53-3 54-8 56.3 57-8 59-3 60.8 62.4 0.8 8 64 65.6 67.2 68.9 70.6 72.3 74- 75-7 77-4 79.2 0.9 9 Si 82.8 84.6 86.5 88.4 90-3 92.2 94.1 96. 98. io IOO IO2. 104. 1 06. i 108.2 110.3 112.4 II4-5 116.6 118.8 .1 U 121 123.2 125-4 127.7 130. 132.3 134.6 | 136.9 139.2 141.6 o 12 144 146.4 148.8 I5I.3 153-8 156-3 158.8 161.3 163.8 166.4 3 X 3 169 I7I.6 174.2 176.9 179.6 182.3 185- 187.7 190.4 193.2 4 *4 I 9 6 198.8 2OI.6 204.5 207.4 210.3 213.2 216. i 219. 222. 5 15 225 228. 231. 234.1 237-2 240.3 243.4! 246.5 249.6 252.8 .6 16 256 259.2 262.4 265.7 269. 272.3 275.6 278.9 282.2 285.6 7 J 7 289 292.4 295.8 299-3 302.8 306.3 309.8 3I3-3 316.8 320.4 .8 18 324 327.6 331.2 334-9 338.6 342.3 346. 349-7 353-4 357-2 9 *9 361 364.3 368.6 372-5 376.4 380.3 384.2 388.1 392. 396. 2. 20 400 404. 408. 412.1 416.2 420.3 424.4 428.5 432.6 436.8 2.1 21 441 445-2 449-4 453-7 458. 462.3 466.6 | 4.70.9 475-2 479-6 2.2 22 484 488.4 492.8 497-3 501.8 506.3 510.8 i 515.3 519-8 5244 2-3 2 3 529 533-6 538-2 542-9 547-6 552-3 557- 561-7 566.4 57L2 2-4 2 4 576 580.8 585-6 59-5 595-4 600.3 605.2 i 610.1 615. 620. 2-5 25i 625 630. 635. 640.1 645.2 650.3 655-4 660.5 665.6 670.8 2.6 26 676 681.2 686.4 691.7 697. 702.3 707.6 712.9 718.2 723-6 2.7 27 729 734-4 739-8 745-3 750.8 756.3 761.8 767-3 772.8 778.4 2.8 28 78 4 789.6 795-2 800.9 806.6 812.3 818. 823.7 829.4 835.2 2-9 29 8 4 I 846.8 852.6 858-5 864-4 870.3 876.2 882.1 888. 894. 3.0 30 900 906. 912. 918.1 924-2 930.3 936.4 942-5 948.6 954-8 3-i 3i 9 6l 967.2 973-4 979-7 986 992-3 998.6 1005 jion 1018 3-2 32 1024 1030 1037 11043 1050 1056 1063 1069 1076 1082 3.3 33 1089 1096 1102 jnog 1116 1122 1129 1136 1142 1149 3-5 34 1156 1163 1170 1176 1183 1190 1197 1204 I2II 1218 3-6 35 1225 1232 1239 1246 1253 I26O 1267 1274 1282 1289 3-6 361296 1303 1310 1318 1325 1332 1340 1347 1354 1362 3-7 37 1369 1376 1384 |i39i 1399 1406 1414 1421 1429 1436 3-8 38 1444 1452 1459 1467 1475 1482 1490 1498 1505 1513 3-9 39 1521 1529 1537 1544 1552 1560 1568 1576 1584 I59 2 4.0 40 1600 r 6o8 1616 1624 1632 1640 1648 1656 1665 i673 4.1 : 4l|l68l 1689 1697 1706 1714 1722 i73i 1739 1747 1756 4-2 431764 1772 1781 1789 1798 1806 1815 1823 1832 1840 4.2 4311849 1858 1866 . i875 1884 1892 1 901 1910 I9l8 1927 4-3 44 1936 1945 1954 1962 1971 1980 1989 1998 2007 2016 4.4 452025 2034 2043 2052 2061 2O7O 2079 2088 2098 2107 4-5 462116 2125 2134 2144 2153 2162 2172 2181 2190 2 2OO 4-7 47^2209 2218 2228 2237 2247 2256 2266 2275 2285 2294 4.8 482304 2314 2323 2333 2343 2352 2362 2372 238l 2391 4.8 49 2401 2411 2421 2430 2440 2450 2460 2470 2480 2490 5-0 502500 2510 2520 2530 2540 2550 2560 2570 2581 259 1 5-o , , -3 -4 .5 .6 7 .8 -9 47 TABLE No. 3 CONCLUDED. Areas in body of Table; Correction JVbs., in fed and tenths, in left column and at top. i D iff. for 1 o .1 .2 .3 4 5 .0 7 .8 9 0.05 51 2601 2611 2621 2632 2642 2652 2663 2673 2683 2694 5-2 52 2704 2714 2725 2735 2746 2756 2767 2777 2788 2798 ^.2 53 2809 2820 2830 2S 4 r 2852 2862 2873 2884 2894 2905 5-3 54 2916 2927 2938 2948 2959 2970 2981 2992 3003 3014 5-4 55 3025 3036 3047 3058 3069 3080 3091 3102 3H4 3125 5-5 56 3136 3147 3158 3170 3181 3192 3204 3215 3226 3238 5-7 57 3249 3260 3272 3283 3295 3306 33i8 3329 3341 3352 5-7 58 3364 3376 3387 3399 34ii 3422 3434 3446 3457 3469 5-8 59 343i 3493 3505 35 r 6 3528 3540 3552 3564 3576 3583 5-9 60 3600 3612 3624 3636 3648 3660 3672 3684 3697 3709 6.0 61 3721 3733 3745 3753 3770 3782 3795 3807 3819 3832 6.2 62 3S44 3856 3869 3881 3894 3906 39 J 9 3931 3944 3956 6.2 63 39 6 9 3982 3994 4007 4020 4032 4045 4058 4070 4083 6-3 64 4096 4109 4122 4134 4147 4160 4173 4186 4199 4212 6.4 65 4225 4238 4251 4264 4277 4290 4303 4316 4330 4343 6-5 66 4356 4369 4382 439^ 4409 4422 4436 4449 4462 4476 6-7 67 4489 4502 45i6 4529 4543 4556 4570 4583 4597 4610 6.7 68 4624 4638 4651 4665 4679 4692 4706 4720 4733 4747 6.8 69 4761 4775 4789 4802 4816 4830 4844 4858" 4872 4886 6.9 70 4900 4914 4928 4942 4956 49/0 4984 4998 5013 5027 7.0 7 1 5041 5055 5069 5084 5098 5112 5127 5i4i 5155 5170 7.2 72 5*84 5198 5213 5227 5242 5256 5271 5285 53oo 5314 7.2 73 5329 5344 5358 5373 5388 5402 5417 5432 5446 546i 7-3 74 5476 5491 5506 5520 5535 5550 5565 558o 5595 5610 7-4 75 5625 5640 5655 5670 5685 5/00 5715 5730 5746 576i 7-5 76 5776 579 1 5806 5822 5837 5852 5868 5883 5898 59*4 7-7 77 59 2 9 5944 5960 5975 5991 6006 6022 6037 6053 6068 7-7 78 6084 6100 6115 6131 6147 6162 6178 6194 6209 6225 7-8 79 6241 6257 6273 6288 6304 6320 6336 6352 6368 6384 7-9 80 6400 6416 6432 6448 6464 6480 6496 6512 6529 6545 8.0 81 6561 6577 6593 6610 6626 6642 6659 6675 6691 6708 8.2 82 6724 6740 6/57 6773 6790 6806 6823 6839 6856 6872 8.2 83 6889 6906 6922 6939 6956 6972 6989 7006 7022 7039 8-3 84 7056 7073 7090 7106 7123 7140 7157 7174 7191 7208 8.4 85 7225 7242 7259 7276 7293 73io 7327 7344 7362 7379 8-5 86 7396 7413 7430 7448 7465 7482 7500 7517 7534 7552 8.6 87 7569 7586 7604 7621 7639 7656 7674 7691 7709 7726 8-7 88 7744 7762 7779 7797 7815 7832 7850 7868 7885 793 8.8 89 7921 7939 7957 7974 7992 8010 8028 8046 8064 8082 8.9 go Sioo 8nS 81,36 8i54 8172 8190 8208 8226 8245 8263 9.0 Qi 8281 8299 8317 8336 8354 83/2 8391 8409 8427 8446 9.2 92 8464 8482 8501 8519 8538 85^6 8575 8593 8612 8630 9.2 03 8649 8568 8686 8/05 8724 8742 8761 8780 8798 8817 9-3 -* J 94 8836 8855 8874 8892 8911 8930 8949 8968 8987 9006 9-4 95 9025 9044 9063 9082 9101 9120 9139 9158 9178 9197 9-5 96 9216 9 2 35 9254 9274 9293 9312 9332 9351 93/0 939 9.6 97 9409 9428 9448 9467 9487 9506 9526 9545 9565 9584 9-7 98 9604 9624 9643 9663 9683 9702 9722 9742 9761 9781 9.8 99 9801 9821 9841 9860 9880 9900 9920 9940 9960 9980 9-9 100 IOOOO IOO2O 10040 10060 10080 IOIOO IOI20 10140 10161 10181 IO.O .x .2 3 4 5 .5 7 .8 9 48 TABLE No. 4. Areas O I O 2 O 2^ O 1 O d. O ^ 06 O 7 o ?e; 08 o o Contents. . O.d O.7 o.o I.I I e, I.O 2 2 a.6 2.8 to 1.1 Areas : Tens in left Column and Units at top.. Contents for 100 feet in cubic yards in body of Table. 1 O.O I.O 2.0 3-o 4.0 5-o 6.3 7.0 8.0 g.o o 0.0 3-7 74 n. i I 4 .8 18.5 22.2 25-9 29.6 33-3 I 37- 40.7 44-4 48.1 5L9 55-6 59-3 63- 66.7 70.4 2 74.1 77-8 81.5 85.2 88.9 92.6 96.3 IOO. 103.7 107.4 3 in. i 114.8 118.5 122.2 125.9 129.6 133-3 137. 140.7 144.4 4 148.1 "151-9 155-6 159-3 I6 3 . 166.7 170.4 174.1 177.8 181.5 5 185.2 | 188.9 192.6 196.3 200. 203.7 2074 211. 1 214.8 218.5 6 222.2 225.9 229.6 233-3 237- 240.7 244.4 248.1 251-9 255.6 7 259-3 263. 266.7 270.4 274.1 277.8 281.5 285.2 288.9 292.6 8 296.3 300. 303-7 307.4 311. 1 314.8 3i8.5 322.2 325-9 329-6 9 333-3 337- 340.7 344-4 348.1 351-9 355-6 359-3 363- 366.7 10 370.4 374-1 377-8 38i.5 385.2 388.9 392-6 396.3 400. 403.7 ii 407.4 411.1 414.8 418.5 422.2 425-9 429.6 433-3 437- 440.7 12 444-4 448.1 451-9 455-6 459-3 463- 466.7 470.4 474-1 477.8 *3 481.5 485.2 488.9 492.6 496.3 500. 503-7 5074 511.1 514-8 J 4 518.5 522.2 525-9 529.6 533-3 537- 540.7 544-4 548.1 551-9 15 555-6 559-3 563- 566.7 570.4 574-1 577-8 58i.5 585-2 588.9 16 592.6 59 6 -3 600. 603.7 607.4 6n.i 614.8 618.5 622.2 625.9 X 7 629.6 633.3 637. 640.7 644.4 648.1 651.9 655.6 659-3 663. 18 666:7 670.4 674.1 677-8 681.5 685.2 688.9 692.6 696.3 700. *9 703-7 707.4 711.1 714.8 718.5 722.2 725-9 729.6 733-3 737- 20 740.7 744-4 748.1 751-9 755-6 759-3 763. 766.7 770.4 774-1 21 777-8 78i.5 785.2 788.9 792.6 796.3 800. 803.7 807.4 8n.i 22 814.8 818.5 822.2 825.9 829.6 833.3 837. 840.7 844.4 848.1 2 3 851.9 855-6 859-3 863. 866.7 870.4 874.1 877-8 881.5 885.2 24 888.9 892.6 896.3 900. 93-7 907.4 911.1 914.8 918.5 922.2 2 S 925-9 929.6 933-3 93^. 940-7 944-4 948.1 951-9 955-6 959-3 26 963- 966.7 970.4 974.1 977.8 981.5 985-2 988.9 992.6 996.3 2 7 IOOO. 1003.7 1007.4 ion. i 1014.8 1018.5 IO22.2 1025.9 1029.6 1033-3 28 1037. 1040.7 1044.4 1048.1 1051.9 1055.6 1059.3 1063. 1066.7 1070.4 29 1074.1 1077.8 1081.5 1085.2 1088.9 1092.6 1096.3 I IOO. 1103.7 1107.4 30 IIII. I 1114.8 1118.5 II22.2 1125.9 1129.6 1133-3 II37- 1140.7 1144.4 3i 1148.1 1151.9 II55-6 II59-3 1163. 1166.7 1170.4 1174.1 1177.8 1181.5 32 1185.2 1188.9 1192.6 1196.3 1200. 1203.7 1207.4 I2II.I 1214.8 1218.5 33 1222.2 1225.9 1229.6 1233-3 1237. 1240.7 1244.4 I248.I 1251-9 1255-6 34 1259-3 1263. 1266.7 1270.4 I274.I 1277.8 1281.5 1285.2 1288.9 1292.6 35 1296.3 1300. I303-7 1307.4 I3II.I 1314-8 1318.5 1322.2 13259 1329.6 36 1333-3 1337- 1340.7 1344-4 I348.I I35I.9 1355-6 1359-3 1363- 1366.7 37 1370.4 I374-I 1377-8 I38I.5 1385.2 1388.9 1392-6 1396.3 1400. I403-7 38 1407.4 1411.1 1414.8 1418.5 1422.2 1425.9 1429.6 1433-3 1437- 1440.7 39 14444 1448.1 I45L9 1455-6 1459-3 1463. 1466.7 1470.4 I474-I 1477.8 40 I48I.5 1485-2 1488.9 1492.6 1496.3 1500. 1503-7 15074 1511.1 1514-8 4i I5I8.5 1522.2 1525-9 1529.6 1533-3 1537- 15407 1544-4 1548.1 I55L9 42 1555-6 1559-3 1563. 1566.7 1570.4 I574-I 1577-8 1581.5 1585-2 1588.9 43 1592.6 1596-3 1600. 1603.7 1607.4 i6n.i 1614.8 1618.5 1622.2 1625.9 44 1629.6 1633-3 1637. 1640.7 1644.4 1648.1 1651.9 1655.6 1659-3 1663. 45 1666.7 1670.4 1674.1 1677.8 1681.5 1685.2 1688.9 1692.6 1696.3 1700. 46 1703.7 1707.4 1711.1 I7I4.8 I7I8.5 1722.2 1725-9 1729.6 1733-3 1/37. 47 1740.7 1744.4 1748.1 I75L9 1755-6 1759-3 1763. 1766.7 1770.4 1774.1 48 1777-8 1781.5 1785.2 1788.9 1792.6 1796.3 1800. 18037 1807.4 iSii.i 49 1814.8 1818.5 1822.2 1825.9 1829.6 1833.3 1837. 1840.7 1844.4 1848.1 50 1851.9 1855.6 1859-3 1863. 1866.7 1870.4 1874.1 1877.8 1881.5 1885.2 O. 2. 3- , | 5- 6. 7- 8. 9- 49 TABLE ]So. 4 CONTINUED. Areas O.I O.2 O.25 1 O.3 0.4 O.5 0.6 O.7 I O.75 08 0.9 Contents 0.4 0.7 O.g 1 I.I 1-5 1.9 2*2 2.6 1 2.8 3-0 3-3 Areas : Tens in left Column and Units at top. Contents for WO feet in cubic yards in body of Table. ! 0. I. 2. 3. 4- 5. 6. I 7- 8. 9- 51 1888.9 1892.6 1896.3 1900. 1903.7 1907.4 1911.1 1914.8 1918.5 1922.2 52 1925.9 1929.6 1933-3 I937- 1940.7 1944.4 1948.1 1951-9 1955-6 1959-3 53 1963. 1966.7 1970.4 1974.1 1977.8 1981-5 1985-2 1988.9 1992.6 1996.3 54 2OOO. 2003.7 20074 2011. 1 2014.8 2018.5 2O22.2 2025.9 2029.6 2033.3 55 2037. 2040.7 2044.4 2048.1 2051.9 2055.6 2059.3 2063. 2066.7 2070.4 56 2074.1 2077.8 I 2081.5 2085.2 2088.9 2092.6 j 2096.3 2IOO. 2103.7 2107.4 57 2II1.I 2114.8 2II8.5 2122.2 2125.9 2129.6 2133-3 2137. 2140.7 2144.4 58 2I48.I 2151.9 2155-6 2159-3 2163. 2166.7 2170.4 2I74.I 2177.8 2181.5 59 2185.2 2188.9 2192.6 2196.3 2200. 2203.7 22074 22II.I 2214.8 2218.5 60 2222.2 2225.9 2229.6 2233.3 2237. 2240.7 2244.4 2248.1 2251.9 2255.6 01 2259-3 2263. 2266.7 2270.4 2274.1 2277.8 22SI.5 2285.2 2288.9 2292.6 62 2296.3 2300. 2303.7 2307.4 23H.I 2314-8 2318.5 2322.2 2325-9 2329.6 63 2333-3 2337- 2340.7 2344-4 2348.1 235L9 2355-6 2359-3 2363- 2366.7 64 2370.4 2374-1 2377-8 2381.5 2385.2 2388.9 2392.6 2396.3 2400 y 2403.7 65 2407.4 2411.1 2414.8 2418.5 2422.2 2425.9 2429.6 2433-3 2437. 2440.7 66 2444.4 2448.1 245L9 2455-6 2459-3 2463. 2466.7 24/0.4 2474.1 2477-8 67 2481.5 2485-2 2488.9 2492.6 2496.3 2500. 2503.7 2507-4 2511.1 2514-8 68 2513.5 2522.2 2525.9 2529.6 2533-3 2537- 2540.7 2544-4 2548.1 2551-9 69 2555-6 2559-3 2563. 2566.7 2570.4 2574-T 2577-8 25SI.5 2585.2 2588.9 7 2592.6 2596-3 26OO. 2603.7 2607.4 2611.1 2614.8 26l8.5 2622.2 2625.9 7 1 2629.6 2633.3 2637. 2640.7 2644.4 2648.1 2651.9 2655.6 2659-3 2663. 72 2666.7 2670.4 2674.1 2677.8 2681.5 2685.2 2688.9 2692.6 2696.3 2700. 73 2703.7 2707.4 27II.I 2714.8 2/18.5 2722.2 2725.9 2729.6 2733.3 2737- 74 2740.7 2744-4 2748.1 2751.9 2755-6 2759-3 2763- 2766.7 2770.4 2774-1 75 2777.8 2781.5 2785.2 2788.9 2792.6 2796-3 2800. 2803.7 2807.4 2811.1 76 2814.8 2818.5 2822.2 2825.9 2829.6 2833-3 2837. 2840.7 2844.4 2848.1 77 2851.9 2855.6 2859-3 2863. 2866.7 2870.4 2874.1 2877.8 2881.5 2885.2 78 2888.9 2892.6 2896.3 2gOO. 2903.7 2907.4 29II.I 2914.8 2918.5 2922.2 79 2925.9 2929.6 2933-3 2937- 2940.7 29444 2948.1 2951.9 2955.6 2959.3 80 2963. 2966.7 2970.4 2974.1 2977.8 2981.5 2985.2 2988.9 2992.6 2996.3 81 3000. 3003.7 30074 3OII.1 3014.8 3018.5 3O22.2 3025.9 3029.6 3033-3 ! 82 3037. 3040.7 3044-4 3048.1 305L9 3055-6 3059-3 3063. 3066.7 3070.4 83 3074-I 3077.8 30SI.5 3085.2 3088.9 3092.6 3096.3 3100. 3103.7 3107.4 84 3IH.I 3H4.8 3II8.5 3122.2 3125.9 3129-6 3133.3 3137. 3140.7 31444 85 3I43.I 3I5I9 3155.6 3I59.3 3163. 3166.7 31/0.4 3I74.I 3177.8 3181.5 86 3185.2 3188.9 3192.6 3196.3 3200. 3203.7 32074 32II.I 3214.8 3218.5 87 3222.2 3225.9 3229.6 3233.3 3237. 3240.7 32444 3248.1 3251.9 3255-6 88 3259-3 3263. 3266.7 3270.4 3274.1 3277.8 32SI.5 3285.2 3288.9 3292.6 89 3296.3 3300. 3303.7 3307-4 33H. I 3314.8 3318.5 3322.2 3325.9 3329.6 go 3333-3 3337- 3340.7 3344-4 3348.1 335L9 3355-6 3359-3 i 3363. 3366.7 9* 3370-4 3374-1 3377-8 3381.5 3385.2 3388.9 3392.6 3396.3 3400. 3403.7 92 3407-4 3411.1 3414.8 3418.5 3422.2 3425.9 3429-6 3433-3 3437. 3440.7 93 3444-4 3448.1 3451-9 3455-6 3459-3 3463. 34667 3470.4 3474.1 3477-8 94 34Sr.5 3485.2 3488.9 3492.6 3496.3 3500. 3503.7 35074 35U-I 3514.8 95 3518.5 3522.2 3525.9 3529-6 3533-3 3537- 3540.7 3544-4 3548.1 3551-9 96 3555-6 3559-3 3563. 3566.7 3570.4 3574-1 3577-8 35SI.5 3585-2 3588.9 97 3592.6 3596.3 3600. 3603.7 3607.4 3611.1 3614.8 3618.5 3622.2 3625.9 98 3629.6 3633.3 3637. 3640.7 3644.4 3648.1 365I-9 3655.6 3659-3 3663. 99 3666.7 3670.4 3674.1 3677.8 3681.5 363 5 .2 3688.9 i 3692.6 3696-3 37oo. 100 3703.7 | 37074 3711.1 3714.8 3718.5 3722.2 3/25.9 3729.6 3733-3 3737- o. *. 1 3- 4- i 5- 6. 7- 8. 9- 1 i i I 50 TABLE No. 4 CONTINUED. Areas . . . O I O 2 O 2^ O "? O A Oe o 6 O 7 O If, o 8 OQ 0. 9 , Contents. . O.A 0.7 o.o I.I 1.< I.O 2 2 ^6 2.8 TO ** Areas: Tens in left Column and Units at top. Contents for IQQfcet in cubic yards in body of Table. L o. I. 2. 3- 4- 5- 6. 7- 8. 9- XOI 3740.7 37444 3748.1 375T-9 3755-6 37593 3763. 3766.7 37704 3774-J 102 3777-8 3781.5 3785-2 3788.9 3792.6 3796-3 3800. 3803.7 3807.4 3811.1 103 3814-8 3818.5 3822.2 3825-9 3829.6 3833-3 3837. 3840.7 3844.4 i 3848,1 1104 3851-9 3855.6 3859.3 3863. 3866.7 3870.4 3874-1 3877-8 3881.5 3885.2 1105 3888.9 3892.6 3896.3 3900. 3903.7 3907-4 3911.1 3914.8 3918.5 3922,2 100 39 2 5-9 3929.6 3933-3 3937- 3940.7 3944.4 3948.1 3951-9 3955-6 3959-3 107 303- 3966.7 39704 3974-1 3977-8 398i.5 3985.2 3988.9 3992-6 3996.3 108 4000. 4003.7 4007.4 4011.1 4014.8 4018.5 4022.2 4025.9 4029.6 4033.3 109 4037. 4040.7 40444 4048.1 4051.9 4055.6 4059-3 4063. 4066.7 4070.4 no 4074.1 4077.8 4081.5 4085.2 4088.9 4092.6 4096.3 4100. 4103.7 4107.4 III 4111.1 4114.8 4II8.5 4122.2 4125.9 4129.6 4I33.3 4I37. 4140.7 4144.4 112 4148.1 4I5I-9 4155.6 4I59-3 4163. 4166.7 4170.4 4174.1 4177.8 4181.5. "3 4185.2 4188.9 4192.6 4196.3 4200. 4203.7 4207.4 4211.1 4214.8 4218.5 114 4222.2 4225.9 4229.6 4233-3 4237. 4240.7 4244.4 4248.1 4251.9 4255.6 H5 4259-3 4263. 4266.7 4270.4 4274.1 4277.8 4281.5 4285.2 4288.9 4292.6 116 4296.3 4300. 4303.7 43074 4311.1 43I4.8 4318.5 4322.2 4325.9 4329-6 117 4333-3 4337- 4340-7 43444 4348.1 4351-9 4355-6 4359-3 4363. 4366.7 118 43704 4374-1 4377-8 4381.5 4385-2 4388.9 4392-6 4396.3 4400. 4403.7 119 4407.4 4411.1 4414.8 4418.5 4422.2 4425.9 4429.6 4433-3 4437. 4440.7 120 4444-4 4448.1 4451-9 4455-6 4459-3 4463- 4466.7 4470.4 4474-1 4477.8 121 4481.5 4485-2 4488.9 4492.6 4496.3 4500. 4503.7 45074 45H.I 4514.8 122 4518.5 4522.2 4525-9 4529-6 4533-3 4537- 4540-7 45444 4548-1 4551-9 123 4555-6 4559-3 4563. 4566.7 45704 4574-1 4577-8 458i.5 4585-2 4588.9 124 459 2 -6 4596.3 4600. 4603.7 4607.4 4611.1 4614.8 4618.5 4622.2 4625.9 125 4629.6 4633-3 4637. 4640.7 4644-4 4648.1 4651.9 4655-6 4659-3 4663. 125 4666.7 4670.4 4674.1 4677.8 4681.5 4685.2 4688.9 4692.6 4696.3 4700. 127 4703.7 47074 4711.1 4714.8 47i8.5 4722.2 4725.9 4729.6 4733-3 4737- 128 4740.7 47444 4748.1 4751-9 4755-6 4759-3 4763. 4766.7 4770-4 4774-1 129 4777-8 4/81.5 4785.2 4788.9 4792.6 4796.3 4800. 4803.7 4807.4 4811.1 130 4814.8 4818.5 4~822.2 4825.9 4829.6 4833.3 4837. 4840.7 4844-4 4848.1 131 4851.9 4855-6 4859-3 4863. 4866.7 4870.4 4874.1 4877.8 4881.5 4885.2 132 4888.9 4892.6 4896.3 4900. 4903.7 49074 4911.1 4914.8 49 l8 -5 4922.2 133 4925-9 4929.6 4933-3 4937- 4940.7 49444 4948.1 4951-9 4955-6 4959-3 134 4963- 4966.7 4970.4 4974.1 4977-8 498i.5 4985.2 4988.9 4992.6 4996.3 135 5000. 5003.7 5007.4 5011.1 5014.8 5018.5 5022.2 5025.9 5029.6 5033.3 136 5037- 5040.7 5044.4 5048.1 5051-9 5055-6 5059.3 5063. 5066.7 5070.4 J37 5074-1 5077.8 5081.5 5085.2 5088.9 5092.6 5096.3 5100. 5103.7 5107.4 138 $111.1 5114-8 5H8.5 5122.2 5I25-9 5129.6 5133.3 5I37. 5140.7 51444 139 5148.1 5I5L9 5I55-6 5I59-3 5163- 5166.7 51704 5I74-I 5177.8 5181.5 140 5185.2 5188.9 5192-6 5196.3 5200. 5203-7 5207.4 5211.1 5214-8 5218.5 141 5222.2 5225.9 5229.6 5233.3 5237. 5240.7 52444 5248.1 5251-9 5255-6 142 5259.3 5263. 5266.7 52704 5274-1 5277.8 5281.5 5285.2 5288.9 5292.6 143 5296.3 5300. 5303.7 53074 53II-I 5314.8 53i8.5 5322.2 5325.9 5329-6 144 5333-3 5337- 5340-7 5344-4 5348.1 5351-9 5355-6 5359-3 5363. 5366.7 *45 5370-4 5374-1 5377-8 5381.5 5385.2 5388.9 5392-6 5396.3 5400. 5403.7 146 5407.4 54H.I 5414-8 5418.5 5422.2 5425.9 5429-6 5433-3 5437- 5440.7 147 54444 5448.1 5451-9 5455-6 5459-3 5463- 5466.7 54704 5474-1 5477-8 148 5481.5 5485-2 5488.9 5492.6 5496.3 5500. 5503-7 55074 55II-I 5514-8 149 5513.5 5522.2 5525.9 5529-6 5533-3 5537- 5540-7 55444 554S.I 5551-9 150 5555-6 ! 5559-3 55^3- 5566.7 55704 5574-1 5577-8 5581.5 5585.2 5588.9 j | 1 o. I . 2. 3. 4. 5- 6. 7. 8. 9- 51 TABLE Xo. 4 CONTINUED. Areas. Contents. 0.4 o. 0.25 03 0.9 0.4 15 0.5 0.6 0.7 j 0.75 0.8 0.9 3-3 1.9 | 22 2.6 I 2.8 30 Areas : Tens in left Column and Units at top. Contents for 100 feet in cubic yards in body of Table. +s I Jj o. i. 2. 3- 4. 5- 6. 7- 8. 9- 151 5592.6 5596.3 5600. 5603.7 5607.4 5611.1 5614-8 5618.5 5622.2 5625.9 i 152 5629.6 5633-3 5637- 5640.7 56444 5648.1 5651-9 5655-6 5659.3 5663. 153 5666.7 5670.4 5674-1 5677-8 5681.5 5685.2 5688.9 5692.6 5696.3 5700. 154 5703.7 57074 57H.I 5714-8 5718.5 5722.2 5725.9 5729-6 5733-3 5737- 155 5740.7 5744.4 5748.1 5751-9 5755-6 5759-3 5763. 5766.7 5770.4 5774-1 156 5777.8 5781.5 5785.2 5788.9 5792.6 5796.3 5800. 5803.7 5807.4 5811.1 157 5814.8 5818.5 5822.2 5825-9 5829.6 5833.3 5837. 5840.7 5844.4 | 5848.1 158 5851.9 5855.6 5859.3 5863. 5866.7 5870.4 5874.1 5877.8 ! 5881.5 i 5885.2 159 5888.9 5892.6 5896-3 5900. 5903.7 5907.4 59H-I 5914.8 5918.5 5922.2 1 60 5925.9 5929.6 5933-3 5937- 5940.7 5944.4 5948.1 5951.9 I 5955-6 5959-3 161 5963. 5966.7 5970.4 5974-1 5977-8 5981.5 5985.2 5988.9 5992.6 5996.3 162 6000. 6003.7 6007.4 6011.1 6014.8 6018.5 6022.2 6025.9 1 6029.6 6033.3 163 6037. 6040.7 6044.4 6048.1 6051.9 6055.6 6059.3 Cc6 3 . 6066.7 6070.4 164 6074.1 6077-8 6081.5 6085.2 6088.9 ! 6092.6 6096.3 6100. 1 6103.7 6107.4 165 6111.1 6114.8 6118.5 6122.2 6125.9 6129.6 6133-3 6137. I 6140.7 6144.4 166 6148.1 6151.9 6155-6 6159.3 6163. 6166.7 6170.4 6174.1 ! 6177.8 6181.5 167 6185.2 6188.9 6192.6 6196.3 6200. 6203.7 6207.4 6211.1 ! 6214.8 6218.5 l 168 6222.2 6225.9 6229.6 6233.3 6237. 6240.7 6244.4 6248.1 6251.9 62-55.6 169 6259.3 6263. 6266.7 6270.4 6274.1 6277.8 6281.5 6285.2 6288.9 6292.6 170 6296.3 6300. 6303.7 6307.4 6311.1 6314.8 6318.5 6322.2 1 6325.9 6329.6 6333.3 6337. 6340.7 63444 6348.1 6351.9 6355.6 6359-3 6363. 6366.7 172 6370.4 6374.1 6377.8 6381.5 6385.2 6388.9 6392.6 6396-3 | 6400. 6403.7 173 6407.4 6411.1 6414.8 6418.5 6422.2 6425.9 6429.6 ! 6437- 6440.7 174 6444.4 6448.1 6451.9 6455.6 6459.3 I 6463. 6466.7 6470.4 6474.1 6477.8 175 6481.5 6485.2 6488.9 6492.6 6496.3 | 6500. 6503-7 6507.4 6511.1 6514-8 176 6518.5 6522.2 6525-9 6529.6 6533.3 6537. 6540.7 6544.4 6^48 1 655L9 177 6555.6 6559-3 6563- 6566.7 6570.4 6574.1 6577.8 6581.5 6585.2 6588.9 178 6592.6 6596-3 6600. 6603.7 6607.4 6611.1 6614.8 6618.5 6622.2 6625.9 179 6629.6 6633.3 6637. 6640.7 6644.4 6648.1 6651.9 6655.6 6659.3 6663. 180 6666.7 6670.4 6674.1 6677.8 6681.5 6685.2 | 6688.9 6692.6 6696.3 6700. 181 6703.7 6707.4 6711.1 6714.8 6718.5 6722.2 6725.9 6729.6 6733-3 6737. 182 6740.7 6744.4 6748.1 6751-9 6755-6 6759.3 6763. 6766.7 6770.4 6774.1 183 6777.8 6781.5 6785.2 6788.9 6792.6 6796.3 6800. 6803.7 6807.4 6811.1 i 184 6814.8 6818.5 6822.2 6825.9 6829.6 6833.3 6837. 6840.7 6844.4 6848.1 i 185 6851.9 6855.6 6859-3 6863. 6866.7 6870.4 6874.1 6877.8 6881.5 6885.2 186 6888.9 6892.6 6896.3 6900. 6903.7 i 6907.4 6911.1 6914.8 6918.5 6922.2 ! 187 6925.9 6929.6 6933.3 6937. 6940.7 6944.4 6948.1 6951.9 6955-6 6959.3 188 6963. 6966.7 6970.4 6974.1 6977.8 6981.5 6985.2 6988.9 6992.6 6996.3 189 7000. 7003.7 7007.4 7011.1 7014.8 7018.5 7022.2 7025.9 7029.6 7033-3 190 7037. 7040.7 7044.4 7048.1 7051-9 i 7055-6 7059-3 7063. 7066.7 7070.4 191 7074.1 7077.8 7081.5 7085.2 7088.9 7092.6 1 7096.3 7100. 7103.7 71074 192 7111.1 7114.8 7118.5 7122.2 7125.9: 7129.6! 7133.3 7137. 7140.7 71444 , 193 7148.1 7I5I-9 17155-6 7i593l7i63. 17166.717170.4 71741 7177-8 7I8I.5 194 7185.2 7188.9 1 7192.6 7196.3 7200. | 7203.7 7207.4 7211.1 72148 7218.5 1 195 7222.2 7225.9 7229.6 7233-3 7237. 7240.7 72444 7248-1 7251-9 7255.6 196 7259.3 7263. 7266.7 7270.4 7274.1 7277.8 7281.5 7285.2 7288.9 72926 197 7296.3 7300. 73037 73074 7311.1 7314.8 7318.5 7322.2 73259 7329.6 jig8 7333-3 7337- 7340.7 7344-4 7348.1 7351-9 7355-6 7359-3 7363. 7366.7 199 7370.4 7374-1 7377-8 7381.5 7385-2 7388.9 7392-6 7396.3 7400. 7403 7 200 7407.4 7411-1 7414.8 7418.5 7422.2 7429.6 7433-3 7437- 7440.7 o. I. 2. 3- 4- 5- 6. 7- 8. 9 i i 52 TABLE Xo. 4 CONTINUED. ; Areas . . . . j o.i I o.i j 0.2 0.25 j 0.3 0.410.5 0.6 0.7 0.75 0.8 0.9 Contents. ... ......... | 0.4 1 0.7 n -1.5 1.9 2.6 Areas : Tens in left Column and Units at top. Contents for IQQfcci in cubic yards in body of Table. 4> 9 PEI 0. | , 2. 3- 4- 5. 6. tj ^ 8. i 9- 2DI 7444.4 7448.1 745I.9| 7455.6 7459-3 7463. 7466.7 7470.4 7474-1 7477-8 202 7481.5 7485-2 7488.9 7492.6 7496.3 7500. 7503-7 75074 75H.I 7514-8 2^3 1 75IS.5 7522.2 7525-9 7529.6 7533-3 7537- 7540-7 7544-4 7548.1 7551-9 204 7555-6 7559-3 7563. 7566.7 7570.4 7574-1 7577-8 7581.5 7585.2 7588.9 205 7592.6 759 6 -3 7600. 7603.7 7607.4 7611.1 7614.8 7618.5 7622.2 7625.9 206 7629.6 7633-3 7637. 7640.7 7644.4 7648.1 7651.9 7655.6 7659.3 7663. 207 7666.7 7670.4 7674.1 7677.8 7681.5 7685.2 7688.9 7692.6 7696.3 7700. 208 7703.7 7707-4 77II.1 7714.8 7718.5 7722.2 7725.9 7729.6 7733-3 7737- 209 7740.7 7744-4 7748.1 7751-9 7755-6 7759-3 7763. !7766.7 7770.4 7774-1 210 7777-8 778i.5 7785-2 7788.9 1 7792.6 7796.3 7800. 7803.7 7807.4 7811.1 211 7814.8 7818.5 7822.2 7825.9 j 7829.6 7833.3 7837. 7840.7 7844.4 7848.1 212 7851.9 7855.6 7859-3 7863. ! 7866.7 7870.4 7874.1 7877.8 7881.5 7885.2 2I 3 7888.9 7892.6 7896.3 7900. 7903.7 79074 7911.1 7914.8 7918.5 7922.2 2I 4 79 2 5.9 7929.6 7933-3 ! 7937- 7940.7 7944-4 7948.1 7951-9 7955-6 7959-3 215 7963- 7966.7 7970.4 7974-1 7977-8 798i.5 7985.2 7988.9 7992.6 7996.3 216 8000. 8003.7 8007.4 8011. i 8014.8 8018.5 8022.2 8025.9 8029.6 8033-3 217 8037. 8040.7 8044.4 8048.1 8051.9 8055.6 8059.3 8063. 8066.7 8070.4 2x8 8074.1 8077.8 8081.5 8085.2 8088.9 8092.0 8096.3 8100. 8103.7 8107.4 219 8111.1 8114.8 8118.5 8122.2 8125.9 8129.0 0133-3 8i37. 8140.7 8144.4 220 8148.1 8151.9 8155.6 8159.31 8163. 8166.7 8170.4 8174.1 8177-8 8181.5 221 8185.2 8188.9 8192.6 8196.3 8200. 8203.7 8207.4 8211.1 8214.8 8218.5 222 8222.2 8225.9 8229.6 8233-3 8237. 8240.7 8244.4 8248.1 8251.9 8255-6 223 8259.3 8263. 8266.7 8270.4 8274.1 8277.8 8281.5 8285.2 8288.9 8292.6 224 8296.3 8300. 8303.7 8307.4 8311.1 8314-8 8318.5 8322.2 8325.9! 8329.6 225 8333.3 8337. 8340.7 8344.4 8348.1 8351-9 8355-6 8359.3 8363- 8366.7 226 8370.4 8374.1 8377.8 8381.5 8385.2 8388.9 8392.6 8396.3 8400. 8403-7 227 8407.4 8411.1 8414.8 8418.5 j 8422.2 8425.9 8429.6 8433.3 8437. 8440.7 228 ! 8444.4 8448.1 8451.9 8455.6 8459.3 8463. 8466.7 8470.4 8474.1 8477-8 229 8481.5 8485.2 8488.9 8492.6 i 8496.3 8500. 8503-7 8507.4 8511.1 8514-8 230 8518.5 8522.2 8525-9 8529.6! 8533.3 8537. 8540.7 8544.4 8548.1 855L9 2 3 r 8 555-6 8559-3J 8563. 8566.7 8570.4 8574.1 8577.8 8581.5 8585-2 8588.9 232 1 8592.6 8596.3 8600. 8603.7 8607.4 8611.1 8614.8 8618.5 8622.2 8625.9 233 i 8620.6 8633.3 I 8637. 8640.7 8644.4 8648.1 8651.9 8655.6 8659-3 8663. 2 34 8666.7 8670.4 8674.1 8677.8 8681.5 8685.2 8688.9 8692.6 8696.3 8700. 235 8703.7 8/07.4 8711.1 8714.8 8718.5 8722.2 8725-9 8729.6 8733-3 8737. O J 236 8740.7 8744.4 8748.1 8751.9 8755.6 8759-3 8763. 8766.7 8770.4 8774.1 237 8777.8 8781.5 8785.2 8788.9 8792.6 8796.3 8800. 8803.7 8807.4 8811.1 238 8814.8 8818.5 8822.2 8825.9 8829.6 8833-3 8837. 8840.7 8844.4 8848.1 239 8851.9 8855-6 8859-3 8863. 8866.7 8870.4 8874.1 8877.8 8881.5 8885.2 240 88880 8892.6 8896.3 8900. 8903.7 8907.4 8911.1 8914.8 8918.5 8922.2 241 8925.9 8929.6 8933-3 8937. 8940.7 8944.4 8948.1 8951.9 8955-618959.3 242 8963. 8966.7 8970.4 8974.1 8977.8 8981.5 8985.2 8988.9 8992.6 ; 8996.3 243 9000. 9003.7 9007.4 9011.1 9014.8 9018.5 9022.2 9025.9 9029.6 i 9033.3 244 9037. 9040.7 9044.4 9048.1 9051.9 9055.6 9 59-3 9063. 9066.7 : 9070.4 245 9074.1 9077.8 9081.5 9085.2 9088.9 9092.6 9096.3 9100. 9103.7 9107.4 246 9111.1 9114.8 19118.5 j 9122.2 9125.9 9129.6 9 r 33-3 9!37- 9140.7 9144.4 247 9148.1 9 T 5i9 9I55-6 ! 9*59-3 9 l6 3- 9166.7 9170.4 9174.1 9177.8 9181.5 248! 9185.2 9188.9 9192.6 i 9196.3 i 9200. 9203.7 9207.4 9211.1 9214.8 9218.5 249 Q222.2 9225.9 | 9229.6 9233.3 9237. 9240.7 9244.4 9248.1 9251.9 9255-6 250 9 2 59-3 9263. 9266.7 9270.4 9274.1 9277.8 9281.5 9285.2 9288.9 9292.6 o. j i. . 3- 4- 5- 6. 7- 8. 9- 1 i 1 53 TABLE No. 4 CONTINUED. j Areas .... O.I I O.2 0.25 CM 0.4 1 0.5 06 O.y O.7<i 0.8 i o.q " (Contents. . . 0.4 1 0.7 0.9 i.i 1.5 1 1.9 2.2 2.6 2.8 3-0 1 3-3 Areas: Tens in left Column and Units at top. Contents for IQQfeet in cubic yards in body of Table. o ! o. I. 2. 3- 4- 5- 6. 7- 8. 9- 251 9296.3 9300. 9303.7 9307.4 9311.1 9314-8; 93I8.5J 9322.2 9325.9 9329.6 252 9333-3 9337- 9340.7 9344-4 9348.1! 9351.9 9355.6 9359.3 9363. 9366.7 253 9370.4 9374-1 9377-8 9381.5 9385.2 9388.9! 9392.6 9396.3 9400. 9403.7 254 9407.4 9411.1 9414.8 9418.5! 9422.2 9425.9! 9429.6 9433.3 9437- 9440.7 255 9444-4 9448.1 9451.9; 9455-6 9459.3 9463. 94667 9470.4 9474.1 9477.8 256 9481.5 9485.2 9488.9! 9492-6! 9496.3 9500. 9503-7 9507-4 9511.1 9514.8 257 9518.5 9522.2 9525.9 9529.6 9533.3 9537- 9540-71 9544-4 9548.1 9551-9 258 9555-6 9559-3 9563. 9566.7 9570.4 9574-ii 9577-8 9581.5 9585.2 9588.9 259 9592.6 9596.3 9600. 9603.7 9607.4 9611.1 9614.8 9618.5 9622.2 9625.9 260 9629.6 9633-3 9637. 9640.7 9644.4 9648.1 9651.9 9655.6 9659-3 9663. 261 9666.7 9670.4 9674.1 9677.8 9681.5 9685.2 9688.9) 9692.6 9696.3 9700. 262 9703.7 9707.4 9711.1 9714.8 9718.5 9722.2 9725.9 9729-6 9733-3 9737- 263 9740.7 9744-4 9748.1 975T-9 9755-6 97593 9763. 9766.7 9770.4 9774-1 264 9777-8 9781.5 9785.2 9788.9 9792.6 9796.3 9800. 9803.7 9807.4! 9811.1 265 9814.8 9818.5 9822.2 9825.9 9829.6 9833-3 9837. 9840.7 9844.4 9848.1 266 9851.9 9855.6 9859-3 9863. 9866.7 9870.4 9874.1 9877.8 9881.5 9885.2 267 9888.9 9892.6 9896.3 9900. 9903.7 9907.4 9911.1 9914.8 9918.5! 9922.2 268 9925-9 9929.6 9933-3 9937- 9940.7 9944.4) 9948.1 9951.9] 9955.6 9959-3 269 9963. 9966.7 9970.4 9974-1 9977.SJ 9981.5) 9985.2 9988.9 9992.6 9996.3 270 271 1 0000. 10037. 10003.7 10007.4 10040.7110044.4 IOOII.I 10048.1 IOOI4.8! IOOl8. 5IIOO22. 2 10025.9 I005I.9 10055.6 10059.3^0063. 10029. 6 10033. 3 10066.7 10070.4 272 10074.1 10077.8 10081.5 10085.2 10088.9: 10092.6! 10096.3! 10100. 10103.7 10107.4 2 73 101 1 1. 1 110114.8 10118.5 IOI22.2 10125.9 10129.6 10133.3 10137. 10140.7 10144.4 2 74 10148.1 10151.9 10155.6 IOI59.3 10163. 10166.7 10170.4 10174.1 10177.8 10181.5 2 75 10185.2 10188.9110192.6 10196.3 IO2OO. 10203.7 102074! I02II.I I02I4.8! I02I8.5 276 10222.2)10225.9 10229.6 10233.3 10237. 10240.7 10244.4 IO248.I 10251.9 10255.6 277 10259.3 10263. 10266.7 10270.4 I0274.I 10277.8 I028I.5 10285.2110288.9 10292.6 278 10296.3 10300. 10303.7 10307.4 I03II.I 10314.8 I03I8.5 10322.2 10325.9110329.6 2 79 I0333-3jio337. 10340.7 10344.4 I0348.I I035I.9 10355.6110359.3 10363. 10366.7 280 10370.410374.1 10377.8 10381.5 10385.2 10388.9 10392.6! 10396.3! IO4OO. 10403.7 281 10407.4 10411.1 10414.8 10418.5 10422.2 10425.9 10429.6 10433.3 10437. 10440.7 282 10444.410448.1 10451.9 10455.6 10459.3 10463. 10466.7 10470.4 10474.1 10477.8 283 10481. 5 [10485. 2 10488.9 10492.6 10496.3 10500. 10503.7 10507.4 10511.1 10514.8 284 10518.5 10522.2 10525.9 10529.6 10533.3 I0 537- 10540.7 10544.4 10548.1 10551-9 285 10555.6 10559.3 10563. 10566.7 10570.4 10574.1 10577.8 10581.5 10585.2 10588.9 286 10592.6 10596.3 10600. 10603.7 10607.4! 10611. 1 110614.8 10618.5 10622.2 10625.9 287 10629.6 10633.3 10637. 10640.7 10644.4 10648.1 10651.9 10655.6 10659.3110663. 288 10666.7 10670.4 10674.1 10677.8 I068l. 5^10685. 2 10688.9 10692.6 10696.3 10700. 289 10703.7 10707.4 10711.1 10714.8 I07I8.5 I0722.2!I0725.9 10729.6 10733.3 10737. 290 10740.7 10744.4110748.1 I075I.9 10755-6 10759.3 10763. 10766.7 10770.4 10774.1 291 10777.8 10781.5 10785.2 10788.9 10792.6 10796.3 10800. 10803.7 10807.4 10811. i 292 10814.8 10818.5 10822.2110825.9! 10829.6 10833.3110837. 10840.7 10844.4 10848.1 2Q3 10851.9 10855.6 10859.3 10863. 10866.7 10870.4:10874.! 10877.8 10881.5 10885.2 294 295 10888.9 10892.6 10896.3 10900. 10925.9 10929.6! 10933.3110937. 10903.7 10940.7 I09074JI09II.I 10914.8110918.5 I09444JI0948.I 10951.9 10955.6 10922.2 10959-3 296 10963. 10966.7 10970.4110974.1110977.8 10981.5 10985. 2110988.9 10992.6 10996.3 297 nooo. 11003.7 11007.4 noii. i 11014.8 11018.5 1 1022.2] 1 1025.9! 1 1029.6! 1 1033. 3 298 11037. 1 1040.7! 1 1044.4 ! 1048.1 1 105 i.g 1 1055.6 11059.3 11063. 11066.7 11070.4 299 11074.1 11077.8 11081.5 11085.2 HO88.9jIIO92.6 11096.3 moo. 11103.7 11107.4 300 IIIII.IjIIII4.8 IIII8.5 IH22.2 III25.9 III29.6 III33-3 11137. 11140.7 11144.4 0. I. 2. 3- < 5. 6. 7. 8. g. 54 TABLE Xo. 4 CONTINUED. Areas O I O 2 O 2$ O ^ 04. o 5 o 6 O 7 O 7^ 08 o 9 i [Contents 0.4 0.7 0.9 I.I 15 1.9 2 2 2.6 2.8 30 J .4 raw ; Tens in left Column and Units at top. Contents for IQQfeet in cubic yards in body of Table. 1 -si 1 o. I- 2. 3. 4- 5- 6. 7- 8. 9. 1301 11148.1 III5I.9 11155.6 11159.3 11163. 11166.7 11170.4 11174.1 11177.8 11181.5 302 11185.2 IllSS.g 11192.6 11196.3 1 1 200. 11203.7 11207.4 II2II.I II2I4.8 II2I8.5 303 II222.2 II225.9 11229.6,11233.3 11237. 11240.7 11244.4 II248.I 11251.9:11255.6 1304 11259.3 II263. 11266.7 1 1 270.4; 1 1274. i 11277.8 11281.5 II285.2 11288.9:11292.6 305 11296.3 II3OO. 11303.7 11307.411311.1 11314.8 11318.5 II322.2 11325.9 11329.6 306 II333-3 II337- 11340.7 11344.4:11348.1 11351.9 II355-6 II359.3 H363. 11366.7 307 11370.411374.! 11377.8 11381.5111385.2 11388.9 11392.6 11396.3 II400. 11403.7 5308 11407.4 II4II.I 11414.8 11418.5 11422.2 11425.9 11429.6 II433.3 II437- 11440.7 309 II4444 II448.I 11451.9 11455.6 11459.3 11463. 11466.7 II470.4 H474.I 11477.8 310 11481.5 11485.2 11488.9 11492.6:11496.3 11500. 11503-7 11507.4111511.1 11514.8 311 II5I8.5 II522.2 11525.911529.611533.311537. 11540.7 II5444 H548.I "551.9 312 II555-6 1*559-3 11563. II566.7 II570.4 II574-I II577-8 H58I.5 11585-2 11588.9 313 II592.6 11596.3 11600. 11603.7 Ii6o7.4!ii6ii.i 11614.8 Il6l8.5 11622.2 11625.9 i3i5 11629.6 II666.7 11633.3 11637. 11670.4 11674.1 11640.7 11644.4 11648.1 11677.8 11681.5 11685.2 11651.9 11688.9 11655.6 11692.6 11659.3 11663. 11696.3 11700. 316 II703.7 11707.4 11711.1 11714.8 11718.5 11722.2 11725.9 11729.6 Ii733.3;ii737. 317 II740.7 11744.4 11748.1 11751.9 II755-6 H759-3 11763. II766.7 11770.4 11774-1 II777.8 11781.5 11785.2 11788.9 11792.6 11796.3 11800. 11803.7 11807.4 uSii.i 319 11814.8 11818.5 11822.2 11825.9111829.6 11833.3 11837- 11840.7 11844.4 11848.1 320 11851.9 11855.6 11859.3 11863. 11866.7 11870.4 11874.1 II877.8 11881.5 11885.2 321 II888.9 11892.6 11896.311900. 11903.711907.4 11911.1 11914.8 11918.5 11922.2 322 11925.9 11929.6 H933.3 11937. 11940.7:11944.4 11948.1 II95I.9 11955.611959-3 323 11963. 11966.7 11970.4 11974.1 11977-8 11981.5 11985.2 11988.9 11992.611996.3 324 I2OOO. 12003.7 120074 I20II.I I20I4.8 12018.5 12022.2 12025.9 12029.6 12033.3 325 12037. 12040.7 12044.4 I2O48.I 12051.9 12055.6 12059.3 12063. 12066.7 12070.4 326 I2O74.I 12077.8 I208I.5 12085.2 12088.9 12092.6 12096.3 I2IOO. 12103.7 12107.4 327 I2III.I I2II8.5 I2I22.2 12125.9 I2I29.6 I2I33-3 I2I37.0 12140.7 12144.4 328 I2I48.I 12151.9 I2I55.6 12159.3 12163. 12166.7 I2I70.4 I2I74.I 12177.8 12181.5 329 I2I85.2 12188.9 I2I92.6 12196.3 12200. 12203.7 122074 I22II.I 12214.8 12218.5 330 12222.2 12225.9 12229.6 12233.3 12237. 12240.7 12244.4 I2248.I 12251.9 12255.6 33 1 12259.3 12263. 12266.7 I227O.4 I2274.I 12277.8 I228I.5 12285.2 12288.9 12292.6 332 12296.3 12300. 12303.7 12307.4 I23II.I I23I4.8 I23I8.5 12322.2 12325.9 12329.6 333 12333-3 12337. 12340.7 12344.4 I2348.I 12351-9 12355-6 12359-3 12363. 12366.7 334 12370.4 12374.1 12377.8 12381.5112385.2 12388.9 12392.6 12396.3 12400. 12403.7 335 12407.4 12411.1 I24I4.8 12418.5 12422.2 12425.9 12429.6 12433-3 12437. 12440.7 336 12444.4 12448.1 12451.9 12455.6 12459.3112463. 12466.7 12470.4 12474.1 12477.8 337 338 12481.5 I25I8.5 12485.2 12522.2 12488.9 12492.6 12496.3 I25OO. 12525.9 12529.6 12533.3 12537. 12503.7 12540.7 12507.4 12544.4 12511.1 12548.1 12514.8 12551-9 339 340 12555-6 12592.6 12559-3 12596.3 12563. 12600. 12566.7 12570.4 I2574.I 12603.7 12607.4 126II.I 12577-8 12614.8 12581.5 I26I8.5 12585.2 12622.2 12588.9 12625.9 12629.6 12633.3 12637. 12640.7 12644.4 12648.1 12651.9 12655.6 12659.3 12663. 342 12666.7 12670.4 I2674.I 12677.8 12681.5 12685.2 12688.9 12692.6 12696.3 12700. 343 12703.7 12707.4 I27II.I 12714.8 I27I8.5 12722.2 12725.9 12729.6 12733.3 12737. 344 12740.7 12744.4 I2748.I I275I.9 12755.6 12759.3 12763. 12766.7 12770.4 12774.1 345 12777.8 12781.5 12785.2 12788.9 12792.6 12796.3 12800. 12803.7 12807.4112811.1 346 I28I4.8 12818.5 12822.2 12825.9 12829.6 12833.3 12837. 12840.7 12844.4 12848.1 347 12851.9 12855.6 12859.3 12863. 12866.7 12870.4 I2874.I 12877.8 12881.5 12885.2 348 12888.9 12892.6 12896.3 I29OO. 12903.7 12907.4 12911.1 12914.8 I29l8.5|l2922.2 349 12925.9 12929.6 12933-3 12937. 12940.7 12914.4 12948.1 12951.9 12955-6 12959-3 35<> 12963. 12966.7 12970.4 12974.1 12977.8 12981.5 12985.2 12988.9 12992.6 12996.3 0. i. 2. 3. 4. 5- 7- 8. 9- . 55 TABLE So. 4 CONCLUDED. (Areas 1 o I 1 o 2 O 2Z o 3 O 4 o 5 06 O 7 1 O 7^ 08 o 9 IContents I 0.4 1 0.7 09 i.i i-5 1.9 2.2 2.6 1 2.8 3-0 3-3 Areas; Tens in left Column and Units at top. Contents for IQQfeet in cubic yards in body of Table. 1 o. i. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9- 35i 13000. 13003.7 13007.4 I3OII.I 13014.8 I3OI8.5 I3O22.2 13025.9 13029.6 13033-3 352 13037- 13040.7 13044.4 13048.1113051.9 I3055-6 13059.3 13063. 13066.7 13070.4 353 13074.1 13077.8 13081.5 13085.2 13088.9 13092.6 13096.3 13100. 13103-7 13107.4 354 355 13111.1113114.8 13118.5 13122.2 13148.1 13151.9 13155.6 I3I59-3 13125-9 13163- 13129.6113133.3 13166.7113170.4 I3I37. I3I74-I 13140.7 13177.8 13144.4 13181.5 356 13185.2 13188.9 13192.6 13196.3 13200. 13203.7 13207.4113211.1 13214.8 13218.5 357 13222.2 13225.9 13229.613233.3:13237. 13240.7 132444 13248.1 13251.9 13255-6 358 13259.3 13263. 13266.7 13270.4 13274.1 13277.8 I328I.5 13285.2 13288.9 13292.6 359 13296.3 13300. I333-7| I 33O74 \ I 33 11 - 1 *33 1.4-8 j 1331 8. 5 13322.2 133259 13329-6 3 6o 13333-3 13337- 13340.7 13344-4 I3348.I !335i-9 !3355-6 13359-3 13363. 13366.7 13370.4 I3374-I 13377-8 I338I.5! 13385-2 13388.9 13392-6 13396-3 13400. I3403-7 362 13407.413411.1 13414.8 13418.5; 13422.2 13425-9 13429.6 13433-3 13437- 13440.7 363 134444 13448.1 I345L9 I3455-6: 13459-3 13463- 13466.7113470.4 13474.1113477.8 364 13481.5113485.2 13488.9 13492.6 13496.3 13500. 13503.7 I3507-4 I35H.I I35I4.8 365 13518.5 13522.2 13525.9 13529.6 13533-3 13537. 135407 13544-4 13548.1113551.9 366 13555-6 13559-3 13563- 13566.7 13570.4 I3574.I 13577.8 13581.5 13585-2 13588.9 367 13592.6 13596.3 13600. 13603.7113607.4 13611.1 13614.8 13618.5 13622.2 13625.9 368 13629.6 13633-3 13637- 13640.7 13644.4 13648.1 13651.9113655.6 13659-3 13663. 369 13666.7 13670.4 13674.1 13677-8 13681.5113685.2 13688.9 13692.6 13696.3 13700. 370 13703-7 137074 13711.1 13714-8 13718.5 13722.2 13725.9 13729.6 13733.3 13737- 37 1 13740.7 137444 13748.1 I375L9 I3755.6JI3759-3I3763. 13766.7 13770.4 I3774-I 372 13777-8 13781.5 13785-2 13788.9 13792.6113796.3 13800. 13803 7 13807.4 13811.1 373 13814.8 13818.5 13822.2 13825.9 13829.6 13833.3 13837. 13840.7113844.4 13848.1 374 13851-9 375 113888.9 13855.6113859.3 13863. 1 13866.7 13870.4 13874.1 13892.6113896.3 13900- 13903-7 139074 I39H. ! 13877.8 13914.8 13881.5 I39I8.5 13885.2 .13922.2 376 13925-9 13929.6 13933.3 13937- 13940.7 13944-4 I3948.I I395L9 13955-6 13959-3 377 13963- 13966.7 13970.4 I3974.i|i3977.8 13981-5 13985-2 13988.9 13992.6 13996.3 378 14000. 14003.7 14007.4 14011.1 14014.8114018.5 14022.2 14025.9 14029.6 14033.3 379 ! 14037. 14040.7 14044.4 14048.1 14051.9 14055.6 14059-3 14063. 14066.7 14070.4 380 14074.1 14077.8 14081.5 14085.2 14088.9 14092.6 14096.3 14100. 14103.7 ; 14107.4, 381 14111.1 14114.8 14118.5 14122.2 14125.9 14129.6 I4I33.3 14137.4114140.7 14144-4 382 114148.1 14151.9 I4I55.6 I4I59.3 14163- 14166.7 14170.4 14174.1 14177.8 14181.5 383 14185-2 14188.9 14192.6 14196.3 14200. 14203.714207.4114211.1 14214.8 ;i42i8.5 384114222.2 385 1,14259-3 386 114296.3 14225.9 14263. 14300. 14229.6 14266.7 14303-7 14233.3 14237. 14270.4 14274.1 14307.414311.1 14240.7 14277-8 I43I4.8 14244.4 14248.1,14251.9 14255.6 14281.5 14285.2 14288.9 14292.6 14318.5 14322.2! 14325.9^14329.6 387 14333.3 14337- 14340.7 143444 14348.1 I435I-9 14355-6 14359.3 14363. 14366.7 388 14370.4 I4374-I 14377.8 14381.5 14385-2 14388.9 14392.6 14396.3 14400. 114403.7 389 14407.4 14411.1 14414.8 14418.5 14422.2 14425.9 14429.6114433-3 I4437- 14440.7 390 14444.4 14448.1 14451-9 14455.6114459.3 14463. 14466.7 14470.4 14474.1 14477.8 14481.5 14485.2 14488.9 14492 6 14496.3 14500. 14503.7 14507.4 I45H.I 14514-8 392 393 14518.5 14555-6 14522.2 14525-9 14559.3 14563. 14529.614533.314537. 14566.7114570.4 14574.1 14540.7 14577.8 14544-4 14581.5 I4548.J 14585-2 I455L9 14588.9 394 14592-6 14596.3 14600. 14603.7 14607.4 14611.1 14614.8 14618.5 14622.2 14625.9 395 114629.6 396114666.7 14633.3 14637- 14670.4 14674.1 14640.7 146444 14648-1 14677.8; 14681.5] 14685.2 14651.9 14655.6 14688.9 14692.6 14659-3 14696-3 ! 14663. 14700. 397 14703-7 147074 I47II-I 14714.8 14718.5 14722.2 14725-9 14729.6 14733.3 : 14737. 398114740.7 14744.4 14748.1 I475L9 14755-6 14759-3 14763. 14766.7 14770.4 14774.1 399IM777-8 14781.5 14785.2 14788.9 14792.6 14796.3 14800. 14803.7 14807.4 14811.1 400 14814.8 14818.5 14822.2 14825.9 14829.6 14833.3 14837. 14840.7 14844.4 14848.1 1 * i. 2. 3- 4- 5. 6, 7- 8. 9. 56 TABLE Ko. 5. Minus Corrections corresponding to N~~N , or n~n , and general for all side slopes. For computation by average Areas. Difference of Correction numbers in feet and tenths in left column and at top ; Correction in cubic yards for 100 ft. in body of Table. ! *J , i V 0. i. 2. 3- 4- 5- 6. 7- 8. 9- o 0.0 0.0 00 O.I O.I 0.2 0.2 0-3 0.4 0-5 i 0.6 0.7 0.9 I.O 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2 2-5 2-7 3-0 3-3 3-6 3-9 4-2 4-5 4.8 5-2 3 5-6 5-9 6-3 6-7 7.1 7-6 8.0 8-5 8.9 94 4 99 10.4 10.9 11.4 12.0 12.5 13.1 13.6 14.2 14.8 5 154 .16.1 16.7 17-3 iS.o 18.7 19.4 20.1 20.8 21-5 6 22.2 23.0 23-7 245 25.3 26.1 26.9 27.7 28.5 29.4 7 3O.2 3i.i 32.0 32-9 33-8 34-7 35-7 36.6 37-6 38.5 8 39-5 40.5 41-5 42-5 43-6 44-6 45-7 46.7 47-8 48.9 9 50.0 5i. i 52.2 534 54-5 55-7 56.9 58.1 59-3 60.5 10 61.7 63.0 64.2 65o 66.8 68.1 69.4 70.7 72.0 73-3 ii 74-7 76.1 774 78.8 80.2 81.6 83-1 84-5 86.0 874 12 88.9 90.4 91.9 934 94-9 96.5 98.0 99-6 IOI.I 102.7 *3 104.3 105.9 107.6 109.2 1 10.8 112.5 114.2 H5.9 117.6 II9-3 I2I.O 122.7 124-5 126.2 128.0 129.8 131.6 1334 135.2 137-0 15 138.9 140.7 142.6 144-5 146.4 148.3 150.2 152.2 I54-I 156.1 16 158.0 160.0 162.0 164.0 166.0 168.1 170.1 172.2 174.2 176.3 17 178.4 180.5 182.6 184.7 186.9 189.0 191.2 1934 195.6 197.8 18 2OO.O 2O2.2 204.5 206.7 209.0 211.3 213.6 215-9 218.2 220.5 19 222.8 225.2 227.6 229.9 232.3 234.7 237.1 239.6 242.0 2445 20 246.9 249.4 251.9 2544 256.9 2594 262.0 264-5 267.1 269.6 21 272.2 274.8 2774 280.1 282.7 285.3 288.0 290.7 2934 296.1 22 298.8 301-5 304-2 307-0 309-7 312.5 315.3 318.1 320.9 323-7 23 326.5 3294 332.2 335-1 338.0 340-9 343-8 346.7 349-7 352.6 24 355-6 358.5 361.5 364-5 370.5 373-6 376.6 379-7 382.7 25 385/8 388.9 392.0 395-1 398.2 401.4 404-5 407.7 410.9 414.1 26 417-3 420.5 4237 427.0 430.2 433-5 436.8 440.1 4434 446.7 27 450.0 453-3 456.7 460.1 4634 466.8 470.2 473-6 477-1 480.5 28 484.0 487.4 490.9 494-4 497-9 5014 504-9 508.5 512.0 515-6 29 5I9-I 522.7 526.3 529-9 533-6 537-2 540.8 544-5 548.2 551-9 30 555-6 559-3 563-0 566.7 570.5 574.2 578.0 581.8 585-6 5894 31 593-2 597-0 600.9 604.7 608.6 612.5 616.4 620.3 624.2 628.2 32 632.1 636.1 640.0 644.0 648.0 652.0 656.0 660.1 664.1 668.2 33 672.2 676.3 680.4 684.5 688.6 692.7 696.9 701.0 705.2 709.4 34 713.6 717-8 722.0 726.2 730.5 734-7 739-0 743-3 747.6 7519 35 756.2 760.5 764.8 769.2 773-6 777-9 782.3 786.7 791.1 795-6 36 800.0 804.5 808.9 813-4 817.9 822.4 826.9 831.4 836.0 840.5 37 845.1 849.6. 854.2 858.8 8634 868.1 872.7 877-3 882.0 886.7 38 891.4 896.1 900.8 905.5 910.2 915.0 919.7 9 2 4-5 929-3 934-1 39 938.9 943-7 943.5 9534 958.2 963.1 968.0 972.9 977-8 982.7 40 987.7 992.6 997-6 1002.5 1007.5 1012.5 1017.5 1022.5 1027.6 1032.6 41 1037-7 1042.7 1047.8 1052.9 1058.0 1063.1 1068.2 10734 1078.5 1083.7 42 1088.9 1094.1 1099.3 1104.5 1109.7 1115.0 II2O.2 1125.5 1130.8 1136.1 43 1141.4 1146.7 1152.0 1157.3 1162.7 1168.1 II734 1178.8 1184.2 1189.6 44 1195.1 1200.5 1206.0 1211.4 1216.9 12224 1227.9 1233.4 1238.9 1244-5 45 1250.0 1255-6 1261.1 1266.7 1272.3 1277.9 1283.6 1289.2 1294.8 1300.5 46 1306.2 1311.9 1317-6 1323-3 1329-0 1334-7 1340.5 1346.2 1352.0 1357-8 47 1363.6 1369.4 1375-2 1381.0 1386.9 1392.7 1398.6 1404.5 1410.4 1416.3 48 1422.2 1428.2 I434-I 1440.1 1446.0 1452-0 1458.0 1464.0 | 1470.0 1476.1 49 1482.1 1488.2 1494.2 1500.3 1506.4 1512.5 I5I8.6 1524-7 1530.9 1537-0 50 1543-2 15494 1555-6 1561.8 1568.0 1574-2 1580.5 1586.7 1593-0 1599.3 0. i. 2. 3- 4- 5- 6. 7- 8. 9- 57 TABLE No. 5 CONCLUDED. Minus Corrections corresponding to JV~ JV r , or n~n , and general for all side slopes. For confutation by average Areas. Difference of Correction numbers in feet and tenths in left column and at top / Correction in cubic yards for 100 ft. in body of Table. < *J \ II .0 3 4 .5 -6 7 -8 Q 51 1605.6 1611.9 1618.2 1624.5 1630.8 1637.2 1643.6 1649.9 !656.3 i 1662.7 52 1669.1 1675.6 1682.0 1688.5 1694.9 1701.4 1707.9 1714.4 1720.9 1727.4 53 1734-0 1740.5 1747.1 1753.6 1760.2 1766.8 1773-4 1780.1 1786.7 1793.3 54 1 800.0 1806.7 1813.4 1820.1 1826.8 T833-5 1840.2 1847.0 1853-7 1860.5 i 55 1867.3 1874.1 1880.9 1887.7 1894.5 1901.4 1908.2 1915.1 1922.0 1928.9 56 1935.8 1942.7 ! 1949.7 1956.6 1963.6 1970.5 I977.5 1984.5 I99L5 1998.5 57 2005.6 2OI2.6 2019.7 2026.7 2033.8 2040.9 2048.0 2055-1 2062.2 2069.4 58 2076.5 2083.7 2090.9 2098.1 2105.3 2112.5 2119.7 2127.0 2134-2 2141.5 59 2148.8 2I56.I 2163.4 2170.7 2178.0 2185.3 2192.7 2 2OO. I 2207.4 2214.8 60 2222.2 2229.6 2237.1 2244-5 2252.0 2259.4 2266.9 22744 2281.9 2289.4 61 2296.9 2304.5 2312.0 2319.6 2327.1 2334-7 2342.3 2349-9 2357-6 2365.2 62 2372.8 2380.5 2388.2 2395-9 2403.6 2411.3 2419.0 2426.7 2434-5 2442.2 63 2450.0 2457-8 2465.6 2473-4 2481.2 2489.0 2496.9 2504.7 2512.6 2520.5 64 2528.4 2536.3 2544-2 2552.2 2560.1 2568.1 2576.0 2584-0 2592.0 2600.0 65 2608.0 26lO.I 2624.1 2632.2 2640.2 2648.3 2656.4 2664.5 2672.6 2680.7 66 2688.9 2697.0 2705.2 27134 2721.6 2729.8 2738-0 2746.2 2754.5 2762.7 67 2771.0 2779-3 2787.6 2795-9 2804.2 2812.5 2820.8 2829.2 2837.6 2845-9 68 2854-3 2862.7 2871.1 2879.6 2888.0 2896.5 2904.9 2913.4 2921.9 2930.4 69 2938.9 29474 2956.0 2964-5 2973.1 2981.6 2990.2 2998.8 30074 3016.1 70 3024.7 3033-3 3042.0 3050.7 3059-4 3068.1 3076.3 j 3085.5 j 3094.2 3103.0 71 3III.7 3120.5 3129-3 3I38.I 3146.9 3155.7 3164.5 3173.4 3182.2 3191.1 72 32OO.O 3203.9 3217.8 3226.7 3235.7 3244.6 3253.6 3262.5 3271.5 3280.5 73 3289.5 3298.5 3307.6 3316.6 3325.7 3334-7 3343-8 1 3352.9 3362.0 337I-I 74 3380.2 33S94 3398.5 3407.7 3416.9 3426.1 3435-3 i 3444-5 3453-7 3463-0 75 3472.2 3481.5 3490.8 35oo.i 3509.4 3518.7 3528.0 3537-3 3546.7 3556.1 76 3565-4 3574-8 3584-2 3593-6 3603.1 3612.5 3622.0 3631-4 3640.9 3650.4 77 3669.4 3678.9 3688.5 3698.0 3707.6 37I7-I 3726.7 3736.3 3745-9 78 3755-6 3765.2 3774-8 3784.5 3794-2 3803.9 3813-6 3823-3 3833-0 3842-7 79 3852.5 3862.2 3872.0 3881.8 3891.6 3901.4 3911-2 3921-0 3930.9 3940.7 80 3950.6 3960.5 3970.4 3980.3 3990.2 4000.2 4010.1 4020.1 4030.0 4040.0 81 4050.0 4060.0 ] 4070.0 4080.1 4090.1 4100.2 4110.2 4120.3 4130.4 4140.5 82 4150.6 4160.7 4170.9 4181.0 4191.2 4201.4 4211.6 i 4221.8 4232.0 4242.2 83 4252.5 4262.7 4273-0 4283.3 4293.6 4303.9 4314-2 4324.5 4334-8 4345-2 84 4355-6 4365-9 | 4376.3 4386.7 4397- 1 4407.6 4418.0 4428.5 4438.9 4449.4 85 4459-9 4470.4 4480.9 4491-4 4502.0 4512.5 4523.1 4533-6 4544.2 4554-8 86 45654 4576.1 4586.7 4597-3 4608.0 4618.7 4629.4 4640.1 4650.8 4661.5 87 4672.2 4683.0 4693-7 4704.5 47I5.3 4726.1 4736.9 4747-7 4758.5 47694 88 4780.2 4791-1 4802.0 4812.9 4823.8 4834.7 4845.7 4856.6 4867.6 4878.5 89 4889.5 4900.5 49H-5 4922.5 4933-6 4944.6 4955-7 4966.7 4977-8 4988.9 go 5000.0 5011.1 5022.2 50334 5044-5 5055.7 5066.9 5078.1 5089.3 5100.5 91 5IH-7 5123.0 5134.2 5145.5 5156.8 5168.1 5179-4 5190.7 5202.0 5213.3 ! 92 5224.7 5236.1 5247.4 5258.8 5270.2 5281.6 5293.1 5304.5 53i6.o 53274 93 5338.9 5350.4 1 5361.9 5373-4 5384.9 5396.5 5408.0 5419.6 543LI 5442.7 94 5454-3 5465-9 5477-6 5489-2 5500.8 5512.5 5524-2 5535-9 5547-6 5559-3 95 5571-0 5582.7 5594-5 5606.2 5618.0 5629.8 5641-6 56534 5665.2 5677.0 96 5688.9 5700.7 5712.6 5/24.5 5736.4 5748.3 5760.2 5772.2 5784.1 5796.1 1 97 5808.0 5820.0 5832.0 5844.0 5856.0 5868.1 5880.1 5892.2 5904.2 59 l6 .3 i 98 5928.4 5940.5 5952.6 5964.7 5976.9 5989-0 6001.2 6013.4 6025.6 6037.8 , 99 6050.0 6062.2 6074-5 6086.7 6099.0 6111.3 6123.6 6135-9 6148.2 6160.5 100 6172.8 6185.2 6197.6 6209.9 6222.3 6234.7 6247.1 6259.6 6272.0 6284.5 .0 ,z .2 3 .4 5 .6 .7 .8 9 58 TABLE No. 6. LEVEL CUTTINGS. s -^-=~; b=lQ feet. A. .0 .1 .2 .3 -4 -5 -6 7 .8 .9 j o o.o 5-9 11.9 17.8 23.8 29.8 35-8 41.8 47-9 53-9 I 60.0 66.1 72.2 78.3 84.4 90.6 96.7 102.9 109.1 II5-3 2 121.5 127.7 134-0 140.2 146.5 152.8 I59- 1 165.4 171.7 178.1 3 184.4 190.8 197.2 203.6 ! 2IO.O 216.5 222.9 229.4 235-9 242.4 4 248.9 255-4 262.0 268.5 275.1 281.7 288.3 294.9 301-5 308.2 5 314.8 321.5 328.2 334-9 341.6 348.3 355.1 361.8 368.6 375-4 6 382.2 389-0 395-9 402.7 409.6 416.5 4234 430-3 437-2 444-2 7 451.1 458.1 465.1 472.1 479.1 486.1 493-2 500.2 507-3 5M.4 8 521.5 528.6 535-7 542.9 550.0 557-2 5644 571-6 578.8 586.1 9 593-3 600.6 607.9 615.2 622.5 629.8 637-2 644-5 651.9 659-3 10 666.7 674.1 681.5 689.0 696.4 703.9 711.4 718.9 726.4 733-9 ii 741.5 749.0 756.6 764.2 771.8 779-4 787.1 794-7 802.4 Sio.i 12 817.8 825.5 833.2 841.0 848.7 856-5 864.3 872.1 879.9 887.7 13 895-6 9034 9H-3 919.2 927.1 935-0 942-9 950-9 958-8 966.8 14 974.8 982.8 990.8 998.9 1007 1015 1023 1031 1039 1047 15 1056 1064 1072 I080 1088 1096 1105 ni3 II2I 1129 16 1138 1146 H54 1163 1171 1179 1188 1196 1205 1213 17 1221 1230 1238 1247 1255 1264 1272 1281 1290 1298 18 1307 13*5 1324 1333 1341 1350 1358 1367 1376 1385 19 1393 1402 1411 1420 1428 1437 1446 1455 1464 1473 20 I 4 82 1490 1499 1508 1517 1526 1535 1544 1553 1562 21 1571 1580 1589 1598 1607 1616 1626 1635 1644 1653 22 l662 1671 1681 1690 1699 1708 1718 1727 1736 1745 23 1755 1764 1774 1783 1792 1802 1811 1821 1830 1839 24 1849 1858 1868 1877 1887 1896 1906 1916 1925 1935 25 1944 1954 1964 1973 1983 1993 2OO2 2012 2022 2032 25 2041 2051 2061 2071 2081 2091 2IOO 2110 2I2O 2130 27 2I4O 2150 2160 2I"O 2180 2190 2200 22IO 222O 2230 23 224O 2250 2260 2270 2280 2291 23OI 23H 2321 233i 29 2341 2352 2362 2372 2382 2393 2403 2413 2424 2434 3 2444 2455 2465 2476 2486 2496 2507 2517 2528 2538 3 1 2549 2559 2570 2581 259 1 2602 2612 2623 2634 2644 S 2 2655 2665 2676 2687 2698 2708 2719 2730 2741 2751 33 2762 2773 2784 2795 2806 2816 2827 2838 2849 2860 34 2871 2882 2893 2904 2915 2926 2937 2948 2959 2970 35 2981 2993 3004 3015 3026 3037 3048 3060 3071 3082 36 3093 3105 3116 3127 3138 3150 3l6l 3173 3184 3195 37 3207 3218 3230 3241 3252 3264 3275 3287 3298 33io 38 3321 3333 3345 3356 3368 3379 3391 3403 3414 3426 39 3433 3449 346i 3473 3485 3496 3508 3520 3532 3544 40 3556 3567 3579 358i 3593 3605 3617 3629 3641 3653 4i 3675 3687 3699 37ii 3723 3735 3747 3759 3771 3783 42 3796 3808 3820 3832 3844 3856 3869 3881 3893 3905 43 39i3 3930 3942 3955 3967 3979 3992 4004 4017 4029 44 4041 4054 4066 4079 4091 4104 4116 4129 4142 4154 45 4167 4179 4192 4205 4217 4230 4242 4255 4268 4281 46 4293 4306 4319 4332 4344 4357 4370 4383 4396 4409 47 4421 4434 4447 4460 4473 4486 4499 4512 4525 4538 48 4551 4564 4577 4590 4603 4616 4630 4643 4656 4669 49 4682 4695 4709 4722 4735 4748 4762 4775 4788 4801 5 4815 4828 4842 4855 4868 4882 4895 4909 4922 4935 5i 4949 4962 4976 4989 5003 5016 5030 5044 5057 5071 52 5084 5098 5H2 5125 5139 5153 5166 5180 5194 5208 53 5221 5235 5249 5263 5277 5291 5304 53i8 5332 5346 54 536o 5374 5388 5402 54i6 5430 5444 5458 5472 5486 55 5500 5514 5528 5542 5556 5571 5585 5599 5613 5627 56 5641 5656 5670 5684 5698 5713 5727 574i 5756 5770 57 5784 5799 58i3 5828 5842 5856 5871 5885 5900 5914 58 5929 5943 5958 5973 5987 6002 6016 6031 6046 6060 59 6075 6089 6104 6119 6i34 6148 6163 6178 6193 6207 60 6222 6237 6252 6267 6282 6296 6311 6326 6341 6356 .0 .1 .2 3 4 5 .6 .7 .8 9 59 TABLE No. 7. LEVEL CUTTINGS. --=~- b=2S feet. .0 .1 .2 3 f .4 5 .6 7 .8 -9 0.0 10.4 20.8 31-2 41.6 52.0 62.5 73-0 83-4 93-9 I 104.4 115.0 125.5 136.1 146.6 157-2 167.8 178.4 189.1 199.7 2 210.4 221.0 231.7 242.4 253-2 263.9 274.6 2854 296.2 307-0 3 317.8 328.6 339-4 350.3 361.2 372.0 382.9 393-8 404.8 4T5.7 4 426.7 437-6 448.6 459-6 470.6 481.7 492-7 503-8 514.8 525-9 5 537-0 548.2 559-3 570.4 581.6 592-8 604.0 615.2 626.4 637-6 6 648.9 660.2 671.4 682.7 694.0 7054 716.7 728.1 739-4 750.8 7 762.2 773-6 785-1 796.5 808.0 819.4 830.9 842.4 854.0 865.5 8 877.0 888.6 900.2 911.8 9234 935-0 946.6 958.3 970.0 981.6 9 993-3 1005 1017 1029 1040 1052 1064 1076 1087 1099 10 mi 1123 1135 1147 H59 1171 1182 1194 1206 1218 ii 1230 1242 1254 1266 1278 1291 1303 1315 1327 1339 12 1351 1363 1375 1388 1400 1412 1424 1437 1449 1461 I 3 1473 1486 1498 1510 1523 1535 1547 1560 1572 1585 14 1597 1609 1622 1634 1647 1659 1672 1685 1697 1710 15 1722 1735 1747 1760 1773 1785 1798 1811 1823 1836 16 1849 1862 1874 1887 1900 I9 X 3 1926 1938 1951 1964 17 1977 1990 2003 2016 2029 2042 2055 2068 2081 2094 18 2107 2120 2133 2146 2159 2172 2185 2198 2211 2225 19 2238 2251 2264 2277 2291 2304 2317 2330 2344 2357 20 2370 2384 2397 2410 2424 2437 2451 2464 2478 2491 21 2504 2518 253 1 2545 2558 2572 2586 2599 2613 2626 22 2640 2654 2667 2681 2695 2708 2722 2736 2750 2763 23 2777 2791 2805 2818 2832 2846 2860 2874 2888 2902 24 2916 2929 2943 2957 2971 2985 2999 3013 3027 3041 25 3056 3070 3084 3098 3112 3126 3140 3154 3169 3183 26 3197 3211 3226 3240 3254 3268 3283 3297 33ii 3326 27 3340 3354 3369 3383 3398 3412 3426 3441 3455 3470 28 3434 3499 35H 3528 3543 3557 3572 3586 3601 3616 29 3630 3645 3660 3674 3689 3704 3719 3733 3748 3763 30 3778 3793 3807 3822 3837 3852 3867 3882 3897 3912 31 39 2 7 3942 3957 3972 3987 4002 4017 4032 4047 4062 32 4077 4092 4107 4122 4138 4153 4168 4183 4198 4214 33 4229 4244 4259 4275 4290 4305 4321 4336 4351 4367 34 4382 4398 4413 4429 4444 4459 4475 4490 4506 4521 35 4537 4553 4568 4584 4599 46i5 4631 4646 4662 4678 36 4693 4709 4725 474i 4756 4772 4788 4804 4819 4835 37 4851 4867 4883 4899 4915 4931 4946 4962 4978 4994 38 5010 5026 5042 5058 50/4 5091 5107 5123 5139 5155 39 5i7i 5i87 5203 5220 5236 5252 5268 5285 5301 5317 40 5333 5350 5366 5382 5399 5415 5431 5448 5464 548i 41 5497 5513 5530 5546 5563 5579 5596 5613 5629 5646 42 5662 5679 5695 5712 5729 5745 5762 5779 5795 5812 43 5829 5846 5862 5879 5896 59*3 5930 5946 5963 5980 44 5997 6014 6031 6048 6065 6082 6099 6116 6i33 6150 45 6167 6184 6201 6218 6235 6252 6269 6286 6303 6321 46 6338 6355 6372 6389 6407 6424 6441 6458 6476 6493 47 6510 6528 6545 6562 6580 6597 6615 6632 6650 6667 48 6684 6702 6719 6737 6754 6772 6790 6807 6825 6842 49 6860 6878 6895 6913 6931 6948 6966 6984 7002 7019 50 7037 7055 7073 7090 7108 7126 7144 7162 7180 7198 5i 7216 7233 7251 7269 7287 7305 7323 7341 7359 7377 52 7396 7414 7432 7450 7468 7486 7504 7522 7541 7559 53 7577 7595 7614 7632 7650 7668 7687 7705 7723 7742 54 7760 7778 7797 7815 7834 7852 7870 7889 797 7926 55 7944 7963 7982 8000 8019 8037 8056 8074 8093 8112 56 8130 8i49 8168 8186 8205 8224 8243 8261 8280 8299 57 8318 8337 8355 8374 8393 8412 8431 8450 8469 8488 58 8507 8526 S545 8564 8583 8602 8621 8640 8659 8678 59 8697 8716 8735 8754 8774 8793 8812 8831 8850 8870 60 8889 8908 8927 8947 8966 8985 95 9024 943 9063 .0 .1 .2 3 .4 i -5 .6 7 .8 9 60 TABLE No. 8. Plus Corrections for -i 5* 1 0. i. 2. 3- 4- 5- 6. 7- 8. 9- o 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 o.o o.o o.o o.o O.I I O.I O.I O.I O.I O.I O.I 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 2 0.3 0.3 03 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0-5 0-5 0-5 3 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 O.Q 4 I.O I.O i.i i.i 1.2 i-3 1-3 1.4 1.4 i-5 5 1-5 1.6 1-7 1-7 1.8 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.2 6 2.2 -2.3 2.4 2-5 2-5 2.6 2-7 2.8 2. 9 2.9 7 3-0 3-i 3-2 3-3 3-4 3-5 3-6 3.7 3-8 3.9 8 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 44 4-5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 9 5-o 5-1 5-2 5-3 5-5 5-6 5-7 5-8 5-9 6.1 10 6.2 6-3 6.4 6.6 6.7 6.8 6.9 7-i 7-2 7-3 ii 7-5 7-6 7-7 7-9 8.0 8.2 8-3 8-5 8.6 8-7 12 8.9 9.0 9.2 9-3 9-5 9-7 9.8 10.0 10. 1 10.3 13 10.4 10.6 10.8 10.9 ii. I H-3 11.4 n.6 n.8 11.9 14 12. 1 12.3 12.5 12.6 12.8 13-0 13-2 13-3 13-5 13.7 15 13-9 14.1 14-3 14-5 14.6 14.8 15-0 15-2 154 15.6 16 15-8 16.0 16.2 16.4 16.6 16.8 17.0 17.2 17.4 17.6 17 I 7 .8 iS.i 18.3 18.5 18.7 18.9 19.1 19-3 19.6 19.8 18 2O.O 20.2 20.5 20.7 20.9 21. 1 21.4 21.6 21.8 22.1 ig 22.3 22.5 22.8 23.0 23.2 23-5 23-7 24.0 24.2 24-5 20 24.7 24-9 25-2 25-4 25.7 25-9 26.2 26.5 26.7 27.0 21 27.2 27-5 27-7 28.0 28.3 28.5 28.8 29.1 29-3 29.6 22 29.9 30.2 30-4 30.7 31-0 31.3 31-5 31-8 32.1 324 23 32.7 32.9 33-2 33-5 33-8 34-1 34-4 34-7 35-0 35-3 24 35-6 35-9 36.2 36.5 36.8 37-1 37-4 37-7 38.0 38.3 25 38.6 38.9 39-2 39-5 39-8 40.1 40.5 40.8 41.1 41.4 26 41.7 42.1 42.4 42.7 43-0 434 43-7 44.0 44-3 44-7 27 45-o 45-3 45-7 46.0 46.3 46.7 47.0 474 47-7 48.1 28 48.4 48.7 49-1 49-4 49-8 50.1 50.5 50-9 51.2 51.6 29 51-9 52.3 52.6 53-o 53-4 53-7 54-1 54-5 54-8 55-2 30 55-6 55-9 56.3 56.7 57-1 57-4 57-8 58.2 58.6 58.9 31 59-3 59-7 60. i 60.5 60.9 61.3 61.6 62.0 62.4 62.8 32 63.2 63.6 64.0 644 64.8 65.2 65.6 66.0 66.4 66.8 33 67.2 67.6 68.0 68.5 68.9 69-3 69-7 70.1 70.5 70.9 34 71.4 71.8 72.2 72.6 73-1 73-5 73-9 74-3 74-8 75-2 35 75.6 76.1 76.5 76.9 774 77-8 78.2 78.7 79.1 79-6 36 80.0 80.5 80.9 81.3 81.8 82.2 82.7 83.1 83-6 84.1 37 84.5 85.0 854 85-9 86.3 86.8 87.3 87.7 88.2 88.7 38 89.1 89.6 90.1 90.6 91.0 9L5 92.0 92.5 92.9 934 39 93-9 944 94-9 95-3 95-8 96.3 96.8 97-3 97.8 98.3 40 98.8 99-3 99-8 100.3 100.8 101.3 101.8 102.3 102.8 103.3 0. i. 2. 3- 4- 5- 6. 7- 8. 9. NOTE. The quantities in the above table multiplied by 2 give the minus *-4-s 1 corrections for- = 61 TABLE Xo. 9. LEVEL CUTTINGS. =; & = 1G fc o. I. 2. 3. 4- 5- 6- 7- 8. 9- o.o 5.9 n.g 17.9 24.0 30.1 36.2 42.4 48.6 54-8 I 6z.i 67.4 73-8 80.2 S6.6j 93.1 99-6 1 06. i 112.7 119.3 2 125.9 132.6 139-3 146.1 152 g 159-7 166.6 173-5 180.4 187.4 3 194.4 201.5 208.6 215.7 222.C 230.1 237-3 244.6 251-9 259-3 4 266.7 274.1 281.6 289.1 296.6 304.2 3H.8 3I9-4 327.1 334-8 5 342.6 350.4 358.2 366.1 374-0 381.9 389-9 397-9 406.0 414.1 6 422.2 430.4 438.6 446.8 455.1 463-^ 471.8 480.2 488.6 497-1 7 505-6 5I4.I 522.7 531-3 539-9 548.6 557-3 566.1 574-9 583.7 8 592-6 601.5 610.^ 619.41 628.^ 637.5 646.6 655-7 664.9 674.1 9 683.3 692.6 701. c 7II-3 720.7 730.1 739-6 749.1 758.6 768.2 10 777-8 7874 797.1 806.8 816.6 826.4 836.2 846.1 856.0 865.9 ii 875-9 885.9 896.0 906.1 916.2 926.^ 936.6 946.8 957-1 967.4 12 977.8 988.2 998.6 1009 IO2O 1030 1041 1051 1062 1073 13 1083 1094 1105 1116 1127 1138 1148 H59 1170 1182 H H93 1204 1215 1226 1237 1249 1260 1271 1283 1294 15 1306 1317 1329 1340 1352 1363 1375 1387 1399 1410 16 1422 1434 1446 1458 1470 1482 1494 1506 1518 1530 17 1543 1555 1567 1579 1592 1604 1617 1629 1642 1654 i3 1667 1679 1692 1705 1717 1730 1743 1756 1769 1782 19 1794 1807 1820 1834 1847 1860 1873 1886 1899 1913 20 1926 1939 1953 1966 1980 1993 2007 2020 2034 2047 21 2061 2075 2089 2IO2 2116 2130 2144 2158 2172 2186 22 2200 2214 2228 2242 2257 2271 2285 2299 2314 2328 23 2343 2357 2372 2386 2401 2415 2430 2445 2459 2474 24 2489 2504 2519 2534 2548 2563 2578 2594 2609 2624 25 2639 2654 2669 2685 2700 2715 2731 2746 2762 2777 26 2793 2808 2824 2839 2855 2871 2887 2902 2918 2934 27 2950 2966 2982 2998 3014 3030 3046 3062 3079 3095 28 SHI 3127 3144 3160 3177 3193 3210 3226 3243 3259 29 3276 3293 3309 3326 3343 336o 3377 3394 3410 3427 30 3444 3462 3479 3496 3513 3530 3547 3565 3582 3599 31 3617 3634 3652 3669 3687 3704 3722 3739 3757 3775 32 3793 3810 3828 3846 386 4 3882 39o 39i8 3936 3954 33 3972 3990 4009 4027 4045 4063 4082 4100 4119 4137 34 4156 4174 4193 4211 4230 4249 4267 4286 4305 4324 35 4343 4362 4380 4399 4418 4438 4457 4476 4495 4514 36 4533 4553 4572 459 1 4611 - 4630 4650 4669 4689 4708 37 4728 4747 4767 4787 4807 4826 4846 4866 4886 4906 38 4926 4946 4966 4986 5006 5026 5047 5067 5087 5107 39 5128 5148 5169 5189 5210 5230 5251 5271 5292 5313 40 5333 5354 5375 5396 5417 5438 5458 5479 55oo 5522 4i 5543 5564 5585 5606 5627 5649 5670 5691 5713 5734 42 5756 5777 5799 5820 5842 5863 5885 5907 5929 5950 43 5972 5994 6016 6038 6060 6082 6104 6126 6148 6170 44 6193 6215 6237 6259 6282 6304 6327 6349 6372 6394 45 6417 6439 6462 6485 6507 6530 6553 6576 6599 6622 46 6644 6667 6690 6714 6737 6760 6783 6806 6829 6853 47 6876 6899 6923 6946 6970 6993 7017 7040 7064 7087 48 7111 7135 7159 7182 7206 7230 7254 72/8 7302 7326 49 7350 7374 7398 7422 7447 7471 7495 7519 7544 7568 50 7593 7617 7642 7666 7691 7715 7740 7765 7789 7814 51 7839 7864 7889 7914 7938 7963 7988 8014 8039 8064 52 8089 8114 8i39 8165 8190 8215 8241 8266 8292 8317 53 8343 8368 8394 8419 8445 8471 8497 8522 8548 8574 54 8600 8626 8652 8678 8704 8730 8756 8782 8809 8835 55 8861 8887 8914 8940 8967 8993 9020 9046 973 9099 56 9126 9*53 9179 9206 9 2 33 9260 9287 9314 9340 9367 57 9394 9422 9449 9476 9503 9530 9557 9585 9612 9639 58 9667 9694 9722 9749 9777 9804 9832 9859 9887 9915 59 9943 9970 9998 10026 10054 10082 OIIO 0138 10166 0194 60 IO222 10250 10279 10307 10335 10363 0392 0420 10449 0477 .O .1 .2 3 4 5 .6 -7 1 -8 9 62 TABLE KG. 10. LEVEL CUTTIXG.S. .0 .1 .2 | .3 -4 -5 .6 .7 | .8 1 .9 o 0. 10.4 20.8 31-3 41.8 52.3 62.9 73-5 84,1 94-8 I 105.6 Il6.3 127.1 137-9 148.8 159-7 170.7 181.6 192.7 203.7 2 214.8 225.9 237.1 248.3 259.6 270.8 282.1 293.5 304-9 316.3 3 327.8 339-3 350.8 362.4 374-0 385-6 397-3 409.1 420.8 432-6 4 444-4 456.3 468.2 480.2 492.1 504.2 516.2 528.3 540.4 552.6 5 564-8 577-1 589.3 601.6 614.0 626.4 638.8 651-3 663.8 676.3 6 688.9 701.5 714.1 7268 739-6| 752.3 765-1 777-9 790.8 803.7 7 816.7 829.6 842.7 855-7 868.8 881.9 895.1 908.3 921.6 934-8 8 948.1 961.5 974.9 988.3 IOO2 1015 1029 1042 1056 1070 9 1083 1097 mi 1125 H38 1152 1166 1180 1194 1208 10 1222 1236 1250 1265 1279 1393 1307 1322 1336 1350 ii 1365 1379 1394 1408 1423 1438 1452 1467 1482 1496 12 IS" 1526 1541 1556 1571 1586 1601 1616 1631 1646 13 1661 1676 1692 1707 1/22 1738 1753 1768 1784 1799 Z 4 1815 1830 1846 IS62 I8 77 1893 1909 1925 1940 1956 15 1972 1988 2004 2020 2036 2052 2068 2085 2IOI 2117 16 2133 2150 2166 2182 2199 2215 2232 2246 2265 2282 I? 2298 2315 2332 2348 2365 2382 2399 2416 2433 2450 18 2467 2484 2501 2518 2535 2552 2570 2587 2604 2622 19 2639 2656 2674 2691 2709 2726 2744 2762 2779 2797 20 2815 2833 2850 2868 2886 2904 2922 2940 2958 2976 21 2994 3013 3031 3049 3067 3086 3104 3122 3Mi 3159 22 3178 3196 3215 3234 3252 3271 3290 3308 3327 3346 23 3365 3384 3403 3422 3441 3460 3479 3498 3517 3536 24 3556 3575 3594 3614 3633 3652 3672 3691 37U 3730 25 3750 3770 3789 3809 3829 3849 3868 3888 3908 3928 26 3946 3968 3988 4008 4028 4049 4069 4089 4109 4130 27 4150 4170 4191 4211 4232 4252 4273 4294 4314 4335 28 4356 4376 4397 4418 4439 4460 4481 4502 4523 4544 29 4565 4586 4607 4628 4650 4671 4692 4714 4735 4756 30 47/8 4799 4821 4842 4864 4886 4907 4929 4951 4973 31 4994 5016 5038 5O6O 5082 5104 5126 5U8 5i7o 5193 32 5215 5237 5259 5282 5304 5326 5349 5371 5394 54i6 33 5439 5462 5484 5507 5530 5552 5575 5598 5621 5644 34 5667 5690 5713 5736 5759 5782 5805 5828 5852 5875 35 5898 5922 5945 5968 5992 6015 6039 6062 6086 6no 36 6i33 6i57 6181 6205 6228 6252 6276 6300 6324 6348 37 6372 6396 6420 6445 6469 6493 6517 6542 6566 6590 38 6615 6639 6664 6688 6713 6738 6762 6787 6812 6836 39 6861 6886 6911 6936 6961 6986 7011 7036 7061 7086 40 7111 7136 7162 7187 7212 7238 7263 7288 73U 7339 4i 7365 7390 7416 7442 7467 7493 7519 7545 7570 7596 42 7622 7648 7674 7700 7726 7752 j.-.-Q 777 7805 7831 7857 43 7883 7910 7936 7962 7989 8015 8042 8068 8095 8122 44 8148 8i75 8202 8228 8255 8282 8309 8336 8363 8390 45 8417 8444 8471 8498 8525 8552 8580 8607 8634 8662 46 8689 8716 8744 8771 8799 8826 8854 8882 8909 8937 47 8965 8993 9020 9048 9076 9104 9132 9160 9188 9216 48 9244 9 2 73 9301 9329 9357 9386 9414 9442 9471 9499 49 9528 9556 9585 9614 9642 9671 9700 9728 9757 9786 50 9815 9844 9873 9902 9931 9960 9989 10018 10047 10076 5i 10106 ioi35 10164 10194 10223 10252 10282 10311 10341 10370 52 10400 10430 10459 10489 10519 10549 10578 10608 10638 10668 53 10698 10728 10758 10788 10818 10849 10879 10909 10939 10970 54 IIOOO 11030 11061 11091 III22 11152 11183 11214 11244 11275 55 11306 11336 11367 11398 II429 11460 11491 11522 "553 11584 56 11615 11646 11677 11708 II740 11771 11802 n834 11865 11896 57 11928 "959 11991 I2O22 12054 12086 12117 12149 12181 12213 58 12244 12276 12308 12340 12372 12404 12436 12468 12500 12533 59 12565 12597 12629 12662 12694 12726 i*759 12791 12824 12856 60 12889 12922 12954 12987 13020 13052 13^5 13118 13151 13184 .0 .1 .2 3 4 5 .6 -7 .8 -9 63 TABLE Xo. 11. Plus Corrections for - = 1 .0 .1 .2 .3 .4 -5 .6 d - 9 o o. O. 0. 0. 0. 0. O.I O.I O.I O.I I O.2 O.2 O.2 0.3 0-3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 2 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.9 I.O I.O i.i 1.2 1.3 3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.2 2-3 4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2-9 3-0 3-1 3-3 34 3-6 3-7 5 3.9 4.0 4-2 4-3 4-5 4-7 4.8 5-0 5-2 54 6 5-6 5-7 5-9 6.1 6-3 6-5 6.7 6-9 7-i 7-3 7 7-6 7-8 8.0 8.2 8-5 8-7 8.9 9.1 94 9.6 8 9.9 IO.I 10.4 10.6 10.9 ii. i 11.4 11.7 12.0 12.2 9 12.5 12.8 I3-I 13-3 13.6 13-9 14.2 14-5 14-8 I5-I 10 15-4 15.7 16.1 16.4 16.7 17.0 17-3 17.7 iS.o 18.3 ii 18.7 19.0 19.4 19.7 20. i 20.4 20.8 21. 1 21-5 21.9 12 22.2 22.6 23.0 23-3 23-7 24.1 24.5 24-9 25.3 25-7 13 26.1 26.5 26.9 27.3 27.7 28.1 28.5 29.0 29.4 29.8 14 30.2 30-7 31.1 31-6 32.0 32.4 32.9 33-3 33.8 34-3 15 34-7 35-2 35-7 36.1 36.6 37-1 37-6 38.0 38.5 39-0 16 39-5 40.0 40.5 41.0 41-5 42.0 42.5 43-0 43-6 44-1 17 44-6 45-1 45-7 46.2 46.7 47-3 47-8 48.3 48.9 494 k 18 50.0 50.6 51-1 51.7 52.2 52.8 534 54-0 54-5 55-i 19 55-7 56-3 56.9 57-5 58.1 58.7 59-3 59-9 60.5 61.1 20 61.7 62.3 63.0 63.6 64.2 64.9 65.5 66.1 66.8 674 21 68.1 68.7 89.4 70.0 70.7 71-3 72.0 72.7 73-3 74-0 22 74-7 75-4 76.1 76-7 774 78.1 78.8 79-5 80.2 80.9 23 81.6 82.3 83.1 83.8 84.5 85-2 86.0 86.7 87.4 88.1 24 88.9 89.6 90.4 91.1 91.9 92.6 934 94.1 94-9 95-7 25 96.5 97.2 98.0 98.8 99-6 100.3 IOI.I 101.9 102.7 103-5 26 104.3 105.1 105.9 106.7 107.6 108.4 109.2 IIO.O no.S in. 7 27 112.5 II3-3 114.2 115.0 II5-9 116.7 117.6 118.4 II9-3 1 20. i 28 I2I.O .121.9 122.7 123.6 124-5 125-3 126.2 127.1 128.0 128.9 29 129.8 130.7 131.6 132.5 133-4 134-3 135-2 136.1 137-0 138.0 30 138.9 139.8 140.7 141.7 142.6 143.6 144-5 1454 146.4 147-3 31 148.3 149-3 150.2 151-2 152.2 I53-I I54-I I55-I 156.1 157-0 32 158.0 159.0 160.0 161.0 162.0 163.0 164.0 165.0 166.0 167.0 33 I68.I 169.1 170.1 171.1 172.2 173.2 174.2 175-3 176.3 177-3 34 178.4 179.4 180.5 181.6 182.6 183.7 184.7 185.8 186.9 188.0 35 iSg.O 190.1 191.2 192.3 1934 194.5 195.6 196.7 197.8 198.9 36 2OO.O 2OI.I 202.2 203.3 104-5 205.6 206.7 207.9 209.0 2IO.I 37 2II-3 212.4 213-6 214-7 215-9 217.0 218.2 219.3 220.5 221.7 38 222.8 224.0 225.2 226.4 227.6 228.7 229.9 231.1 232.3 233-5 39 234-7 235-9 237.1 238.3 239-6 240.8 242.0 243-2 244-5 245-7 40 246.9 248.1 249-4 250.6 251-9 253-1 2544 255-6 256.9 258.1 .0 .1 .2 3 .4 5 .6 .7 .8 9 Minus Corrections for *-= ^. NOTE. The quantities from the above table divided by two give tlie plus corrections for -4^-= -. 2 4, 64 TABLE No. 12. LEVEL CUTTINGS. -= l ; 5=18 feet & .0 .1 .2 -3 -4 | -5 -7 .8 ! .9 o o.o 6.7 13-5 20.3 - 27.3 34.3 41-3 48-5 55-7| 63.0 I 70.4 77-8 85-3 92.9 100.6 108.3 116.1 124.0 132.01 140.0 2 148.1 156.3 164.6 172.9 181.3 189.8 198.4 207.0 215.7 224.5 3 233.3 242.3 251.3 260.3 269.5 278.7 288.0 297.4 306.8] 316.3 4 325.9 335-6 345-3 355-1 365.0 375-0 385-0 395-1 405-3 415.6 5 425.9 436.3 446.8 457-4 468.0 478-7 489-5 500.3 5II-3 522.3 6 533.3 544-5 555-7 567.0 578.4 589-8 601.3 612.9! 624.6 636.3 7 648.1 660.0 672.0 684.0 696.1 708.3 720.6 732.9 745.3 757-8 8 770.4 783-0 795-7 808.5 821.3 834-3 847-3 860.3 873.5 886.7 9 900.0 9134 926.8 940-3 953-9 967.6 981.3 995. il 1009 1023 10 1037 1051 1065 1080 1094 1108 1123 H37 1152 1167 ii 1181 1196 1211 1226 1241 1256 1272 1287 1302 1318 12 1333 1349 1365 1380 1396 1412 1428 1444 1460 1476 13 1493 1509 1525 1542 1558 1575 1592 1608 1625 1642 14 1659 1676 1693 1711 1728 1745 1763 1780 1798 1816 15 1833 1851 1869 1887 1905 1923 1941 1960 1978 1996 16 2015 2033 2O52 2071 2089 2108 2127 2146 2165 2184 17 2204 2223 2242 2262 2281 2301 2321 2340 2360 2380 18 2400 2420 2440. 2460 2481 2501 2521 2542 2562 2583 19 2604 2624 2645 2666 2687 2708 2729 2751 2772 2793 20 2815 2836 2858 2880 2901 2923 2945 2967 2989 3011 21 3033 3056 3078 3100 3123 3H5 3168 3191 3213 3236 22 3259 3282 3305 3328 3352 3375 3398 3422 3445 3469 23 3493 35i6 3540 3564 3588 3612 3636 3660 3685 3709 24 3733 3758 3782 3807 3832 3856 3881 3906 3931 3956 25 393i 4007 4032 4057 4083 4108 4134 4160 4i85 4211 26 4237 4263 4289 4315 4341 4368 4394 4420 4447 4473 27 4500 4527 4553 458o ^07 4634 4661 4688 4716 4743 28 4770 4798 4825 4853 4881 4908 4936 4964 4992 5020 29 5048 5076 5105 5133 5161 5190 5218 5247 5276 5304 30 5333 5362 5391 5420 5449 5479 5508 5537 5567 5596 31 5626 5656 5685 5715 5745 5775 5805 5835 5865 5896 32 5926 5956 5987 6017 6048 6079 6109 6140 6171 6202 33 6233 6264 6296 6327 6358 6390 6421 6453 6485 6516 34 6548 6580 6612 6644 6676 6708 6741 6773 6805 6838 35 6870 6903 6936 6968 7001 7034 7067 7100 7133 7167 36 7200 7233 7267 7300 7334 7368 7401 7435 7469 7503 37 7537 7571 7605- 7640 7674 7708 7743 7777 7812 7847 38 7881 7916 7951 7986 8021 8056 8092 8127 8162 8198 39 8233 8269 8305 8340 8376 8412 8448 8484 8520 8556 40 8593 8629 8665 8702 8738 8775 8812 8848 8885 8922 4i 8959 8996 9033 9071 9108 9145 9183 9220 9258 9296 42 9333 9371 9409 9447 9485 9523 956i 9600 9638 9676 43 9715 9753 9792 9831 9869 9908 9947 9986 10025 10064 44 10104 10143 10182 IO222 10261 10301 10341 10380 10420 10460 45 10500 10540 10580 10620 10661 10701 10741 10782 10822 10863 46 10904 10944 10985 IIO26 11067 11108 11149 11191 11232 11273 47 H3I5 H356 11398 II440 11481 U523 11565 11607 11649 11691 48 H733 11776 11818 II860 11903 H945 11988 12031 12073 12116 49 12159 12202 12245 12288 12332 12375 12418 12462 12505 12549 50 12593 12636 12680 12724 12768 12812 12856 12900 12945 12989 5i 13033 13078 13122 I3I67 13212 13256 I330I T3346 I339 1 13436 52 13481 13527 13572 I36I7 13663 13708 13754 13800 13845 13891 53 13937 13983 14029 14075 14121 14168 14214 14260 14307 14353 54)14400 14447 14493 14540 14587 14634 14681 14728 14776 14823 55 14870 I49I8 14965 I50I3 15061 15108 15156 15204 15252 15300 56 15348 15396 15445 15493 I554I 15590 15638 15687 15736 15784 57 15833 15882 15931 15980 16029 16079 16128 16177 16227 16276 58 16326 16376 16425 16475 16525 16575 16625 16675 16725 16776 59 16826 16876 16927 16977 17028 17079 17129 17180 17231 17282 60 17333 17384 17436 17487 17538 17590 17641 17693 17745 17796 .0 .1 .2 3 4 5 .6 7 .8 9 65 TABLE Ko. 13. LEVEL CUTTINGS. --= 1 ; b=Wfcct. 8+8 ta .0 .1 .2 3 .4 5> .6 .7 .8 9 o 00.0 II. I 22.4 33-7 45-0 56.5 68.0 79-6 91-3 103.0 I 114.8 126.7 I3S-7 150.7 162.8 175-0 187-3 199.6 2I2.O 224.5 2 237.0 249-7 262.4 275-1 288.0 300.9 313.9 327-0 340.1 353-4 3 366.7 380.0 393-5 407.0 420.6 434-3 448.0 461.8 475-7 489.7 4 503.7 517.8 532.0 546.3 560.6 575-0 589-5 604.0 618.7 6334 5 648.1 663.0 677-9 692.9 708.0 723.1 738.4 753-7 76g.c 7S4.5 6 800.0 815.6 831-3 847.0 862.8 878.7 894.7 910.7 926.8 943-0 7 959-3 975-6 992.0 1008 1025 1042 1058 1075 1092 1109 8 1126 H43 1160 1177 H95 1212 1229 1247 1265 1282 9 1300 1318 1336 1354 1372 1390 1408 1426 1445 1463 10 1481 1500 1519 1537 1556 1575 1594 1613 1632 1651 ii 1670 1690 1709 1728 1748 1768 1787 1807 1827 1847 12 1867 1887 1907 1927 1947 1968 1988 2008 2029 2050 J 3 2070 2091 2112 2133 2154 2175 2196 2217 2239 2260 14 2281 2303 2325 2346 2368 2390 2412 2434 2456 2478 15 2500 2522 2545 2567 2589 26l2 2635 2657 2680 2703 16 2726 2749 2772 2795 2818 2842 2865 2888 2912 2936 17 2959 2983 3007 3031 3055 3079 3103 3127 3i5i 3176 18 3200 3224 3249 3274 3298 3323 3348 3373 3398 3423 19 3448 3473 3499 3524 3549 3575 3601 3626 3652 3678 20 3/04 3730 3756 3782 3808 3834 3861 3887 3913 3940 21 3967 3993 4020 4047 4074 4101 . 4128 4155 4182 4210 22 4237 4264 4292 4320 4347 4375 4403 4431 4459 4487 23 4515 4543 4571 4600 4628 4656 4685 4714 4742 4771 24 4800 4829 4858 4887 4916 4945 4975 5004 5033 5063 25 5093 5122 5152 5182 5212 5242 5272 5302 5332 5362 26 5393 5423 5453 5484 5515 5545 5576 5607 5638 5669 27 5700 5731 5762 5794 5825 5856 5888 5920 5951 5983 28 6015 6047 6079 6111 6i43 6175 6207 6240 6272 6304 29 6337 6370 6402 6435 6468 6501 6534 6567 6600 6633 30 6667 6700 6733 6767 6801 6834 6868 6902 6936 6970 31 7004 7038 .7072 7106 7141 7175 7209 7244 7279 7313 32 7348 7383 7418 7453 7483 7523 7558 7594 7629 7664 33 7700 7736 7771 7807 7843 7879 7915 7951 7987 8023 34 8059 8096 8132 8168 8205 8242 8278 8315 8352 8389 35 8426 8463 8500 8537 8575 8612 8649 8687 8725 8762 36 8800 8838 8876 8914 8952 8990 9028 9066 9 I0 5 9 J 43 37 9181 9220 9259- 9297 9336 9375 9414 9453 9492 9531 38 9570 9610 9649 9688 9728 9/68 9807 9847 9887 9927 39 9967 10007 10047 10087 10127 10168 10208 10248 10289 10330 40 10370 10411 10452 10493 10534 10575 10616 10657 10699 10740 4i 10781 10823 10865 10906 10948 10990 11032 11074 11116 11158 42 1 1 200 11242 11285 11327 11369 11412 II455 11497 11540 H5S3 43 11626 11669 11712 H755 11798 11842 11885 11928 11972 12016 44 | i 205 9 12103 12147 12191 12235 12279 12323 12367 12411 12456 45 12500 12544 12589 12634 12678 12723 12768 12813 12858 12903 46 12948 12993 13039 13084 13129 I3I75 13221 13266 13312 13358 47 13404 13450 13496 13542 13588 13634 13681 13727 13773 13820 48 13867 139*3 13960 14007 14054 14101 14148 I4I95 14242 14290 49 14337 14384 14432 14480 14527 14575 14623 14671 14719 14767 50 14815 14863 14911 14960 15008 15056 15105 I5I54 15202 15251 5i 15300 15349 1539 s 15447 15496 15545 15595 15644 15693 15743 52 15793 15842 15892 15942 15992 16042 16092 16142 16192 16242 53 16293 16343 16393 16444 16495 16545 16596 16647 16698 16749 54 16800 16851 16902 16954 17005 17056 17108 17160 17211 17263 55 I73I5 17367 17419 17471 17523 17575 17627 17680 17732 17784 56 1/837 17890 17942 17995 18048 18101 18154 18207 18260 18313 57 18367 18420 18473 18527 18581 18634 18688 18742 18796 18850 58 18904 18958 19012 19066 19121 I9I75 19229 19284 19339 19393 59 19448 19503 19558 19613 19668 19723 19778 i9 8 34 19889 19944 60 2OOOO 20056 201 1 1 20167 20223 20279 20335 20391 20447 20503 .O .1 .2 3 -4 i -5 -6 .7 -8 .9 66 TABLE No. Plus Corrections for s -~- 1. "o i 1 .0 ,i .2 3 4 .5 .6 7 .8 9 O o.o o.o O.O o.o o.o O.I O.I 0.2 0.2 0-3 I 0.3 0.4 0.4 0-5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 I.O i.i 2 1.2 1.4 1-5 1.6 1.8 1.9 2.1 2.2 2.4 2.6 3 2.8 3-o 3-2 3-4 3-6 3.8 4.0 4.2 4-5 4-7 4 4-9 5-2 5-4 5-7 6.0 6-3 6-5 6.8 7.1 74 5 7-7 8.0 8-3 8-7 9.0 9-3 9-7 IO.O 10.4 10.7 -6 ii. i "n-5 11.9 12.3 12.6 13.0 13-4 13-9 14-3 14.7 7 15-1 15-6 16.0 16.4 16.9 17.4 17.8 18.3 18.8 19-3 8 19.8 20.3 20.8 21.3 21.8 22.3 22.8 23-4 23-9 24-4 9 25.0 .25.6 26.1 26.7 27.3 27-9 28.4 29.0 29.6 30-3 10 30-9 31-5 32.1 32-7 33-4 34-0 34-7 35-3 36.0 36.7 ii 37-3 38.0 38.7 39-4 40.1 40.8 4i-5 42.3 43-0 43-7 12 44-4 45-2 45-9 46-7 47-5 48.2 49-0 49.8 50.6 51.4 13 52.2 53-0 53-8 54-6 554 56.2 57-1 57-9 58.8 59-6 14 60.5 61.4 62.2 63.1 64.0 64.9 65.8 66.7 67.6 68.5 15 69.4 70.4 7i-3 72.3 73-2 74.2 75-i 76.1 77.0 78.0 iG 79.0 So.o Si.o 82.0 83.0 84.0 85.0 86.1 87.1 88.2 17 89.2 9-3 9 r -3 92.4 934 94-5 95-6 96.7 97-8 98.9 i3 100.0 IOI.I IO2.2 103.4 104.5 105.6 106.8 107.9 109.1 1 10.2 ID 111.4 II2.6 H3.8 115.0 116.2 117.4 118.6 119.8 I2I.O 122.2 20 123.5 124.7 125.9 127.2 128.4 129-7 131.0 132.3 133-5 134-8 21 136.1 137.4 138.7 140.0 141-3 142.7 144.0 145-3 146.7 148.0 22 149.4 150.7 I52.I 153-5 .154-9 156.3 157-6 159.0 160.4 161.9 23 163.3 164.7 I66.I 167.6 169.0 170.4 171.9 173-4 174.8 176.3 24 177.8 179-3 180.8 182.3 183.8 185-3 186.8 188.3 lSg.8 I9I.4 25 192.9 194.4 196.0 197.6 199.1 200.7 202.3 203.9 2054 207.0 26 208.6 210.3 211.9 213-5 215.1 216.7 218.4 22O.O 221.7 223.3 27 225.0 226.7 228.3 230.0 231.7 233-4 235-1 236.8 238.5 240.3 28 242.0 243.7 245-4 247-2 248.9 250.7 252.5 254.2 256.0 257.8 2g 259.6 261.4 263.2 265.0 266.8 268.6 270.4 272.2 274.1 275-9 30 277.8 279.6 281.5 283.4 285.2 287.1 289.0 290.9 292.8 294-7 31 296.6 298.5 300.4 302.4 304-3 306.3 308.2 310.2 3I2.I 3I4.I 32 316.0 318.0 320.0 322.0 324.0 326.0 328.0 330.0 332.0 334-1 33 336.1 338.2 340.2 342.3 344-3 346.4 348.4 350.5 352.6 354-7 34 356.8 358.9 361.0 363-1 365-2 3674 369-5 371.6 373-8 375-9 35 373.1 380.2 382.4 384-6 386.8 389-0 391.2 393-4 395-6 397-8 36 400.0 402.2 404-5 406.7 408.9 411.2 4134 4I5-7 418.0 420.3 37 422.5 424.8 427.1 4294 431-7 434-0 436.3 438.7 441.0 443-3 38 445-7 448.0 450.4 452.7 455-1 457-5 459-9 462.3 464.6 467.0 39 469.4 471.9 474-3 476.7 479.1 481.6 484.0 486.4 488.9 491.4 40 493-8 496.3 498.8 501.3 503-8 506.2 508.8 5II-3 513.8 516.3 .0 .1 .2 3 4 5 .6 7 .8 9 Minus Corrections for -~- = NOTE. For minus corrections for ~- j j gee Table 5. 67 TABLE No. 15. LEVEL CUTTINGS. *^-=H;& = l4/<?rf -~& &. .0 .1 .2 3 -4 | -5 .6 7 .8 9 o o.o 5-2 10.6 16.1 21.6 27-3 33-i 39-0 45-0 51-2 I 574 63.8 70.2 76.8 83.5 90-3 97-2 104.2 111.3 118.6 2 125.9 1334 141.0 148.6 156.4 164.4 172.4 180.5 188.7 IQ7-I 3 205.6 214.1 222.8 231.6 240.5 249-5 258.7 267.9 277-3 286.7 4 296.3 306.0 315.8 325.7 335-7 345-8 356.1 366.4 376.9 387.5 5 398.1 408.9 419.9 430.9 442.0 453-2 464.6 476.1 487.6 499-3 6 511.1 523.0 535-0 547.2 5594 571-8 584.2 596.8 609.5 622.3 7 635-2 648.2 661.3 674.6 687.9 701.4 715.0 728.6 742.4 7564 8 770.4 784.5 798.7 813-1 827.6 842.1 856.8 871.6 886.5 901.5 9 916.7 931.9 947-3 962.7 978.3 994-0 1010 1026 1042 1058 10 1074 1090 1167 1123 1140 H57 1174 1191 1208 1225 ii 1243 1260 1278 1295 1313 I33i 1349 1367 1385 1404 12 1422 1441 1459 1478 1497 1516 1535 1555 1574 1593 13 1613 1633 1652 1672 1692 1713 1733 1753 1774 1794 14 1815 1836 1857 1878 1899 1920 1941 1963 1984 2006 15 2028 2050 2072 2094 2116 2138 2161 2183 2206 2229 16 2252 2275 2298 2321 2345 2368 2392 2415 2439 2463 17 2487 2511 2535 2560 2584 2609 2633 2658 2683 2708 iS 2733 2759 2784 2809 2835 2861 2886 2912 2938 2965 19 2991 3017 3044 3070 3097 3124 3151 3178 3205 3232 20 3259 3287 3314 3342 3370 3398 3426 3454 3482 35io 21 3539 3567 3596 3625 3654 3683 3712 3741 3771 3800 22 3830 3359 3889 3919 3949 3979 4009 4040 4070 4101 23 4131 4162 4193 4224 4255 4287 4318 4349 438i 4413 24 4444 4476 4508 4541 4573 4605 4638 4670 4703 4736 25 4769 4802 4835 4868 4901 4935 4968 5002 5036 5070 26 5104 5138 5172 5206 5241 5275 5310 5345 538o 5415 27 5450 5485 5521 5556 5592 5627 5663 5699 5735 577i, 28 5807 5844 5880 59 J 7 5953 5990 6027 6064 6101 6139 29 6176 6213 6251 6289 6326 6364 6402 6441 6479 6517 30 6556 6594 6633 6672 6711 6750 6789 6828 6867 6907 31 6946 6986 7026 7066 7106 7146 7186 7226 7267 7307 32 7343 7389 7430 7471 7512 7553 7595 7636 7678 7719 33 7761 7803 7845 7887 7929 7972 8014 8057 8099 8142 34 8185 8228 8271 8315 8358 8401 8445 8489 8532 8576 35 8620 8665 8709 8753 8798 8842 8887 8932 8977 9022 36 9067 9112 9*57 9203 9248 9294 9340 9386 9432 9478 37 9524 95/0 9617 9663 9710 9757 9804 9851 9898 9945 38 9993 10040 zooSS 10135 10183 10231 10279 10327 10375 10424 39 10472 10521 10569 10618 10667 10716 10765 10815 10864 10913 40 10963 11013 11062 IIII2 11162 11213 11263 H3I3 11364 11414 41 11465 11516 11567 Il6l8 11669 11720 11771 11823 11874 11926 42 11978 12030 12082 I2I34 12186 12238 12291 12343 12396 12449 43 12502 12555 12608 I266I 12715 12768 12822 12875 12929 12983 44 13037 13091 I3I45 I32OO 13254 13309 13363 13418 13473 13528 45 13583 13639 13694 13749 13805 13861 13916 13972 14028 14085 46 14141 14197 14254 I43IO 14367 14424 14481 14538 14595 14652 47 14709 14767 14824 14882 14940 14998 15056 I5H4 15172 15230 48 15289 15347 15406 15465 15524 15583 15642 15701 15761 15820 49 15880 15939 J 5999 16059 16119 16179 16239 16300 16360 16421 50 16481 16542 16603 16664 16725 16787 16848 16909 16971 17033 5i 17094 17156 17218 I728l 17343 17405 17468 17530 17593 17656 52 I77I9 17782 17845 17908 17971 18035 18098 18162 18226 18290 53 18354 18418 18482 18546 18611 18675 18740 18805 18870 18935 54 19000 19065 19131 19196 19262 19327 19393 T 9459 19525 I959I 55 i9 6 57 19724 19790 19857 19923 19990 20057 20124 20191 20259 56 20326 20393 20461 20529 20596 20664 20732 20801 20869 20937 57 21006 21074 21143 2I2I2 21281 21350 21419 21488 21557 21627 58 21696 21766 21836 21906 21976 22046 22116 22186 22257 22327 59 22398 22469 22540 226II 22682 22753 22825 22896 22968 23039 60 23111 23183 23255 23327 23399 23472 23544 23617 23689 23762 j .0 | .1 .2 .3 4 -5 .6 7 1 -8 i .9 63 TABLE jSTo. 1C. LEVEL CLTTTIXOS. ^p- = H ; Z> = 2f b -o j .1 .2 .3 4 5 -6 .7 j .8 | .9 o o.o 9-7 19-5 29.4 39-4 49-5 59-8 70.1 80.6 91.2 I 101.9 II2.6 123.6 134.6 145-7 156.9 168.3 179.8 I 9 I -3 203.0 2 214.8 226.7 238.7 250.9 263.1 275-5 287.91 300.5 313-2 326.0 3| 33-9 351-9 365.0 378.3 391.6 405-1 418.7 432.4 446.1 460.1 4 474-1 488.2 502.4 516.8 531.3 545.8 560.5 575-3 590-2 605.2 5 620.4 635-6 651.0 666.4 682.0 697.7 7i3j5 729.4 7454 761.5 C 777-8 794-1 810.6 827.2 843.9 860.6 877* 894.6 911.7 928.9 7 946.3 963.8 981.3 999.0 1017 1035 1053 1071 1089 H07 8 1126 H45 Il63 1182 I2OI I22O 1239 1258 1278 1297 9 1317 1336 1356 1376 1396 I4l6 1436 1457 1477 1498 10 1519 1539 1560 1581 1602 1624 1645 1666 1688 1710 ii 1732 1753 1775 1798 1820 1842 1865 1887 1910 1933 12 1956 ^)79 2OO2 2025 2048 2072 2095 2119 2143 2167 *3 2191 2215 2239 2264 2288 2312 2337 2362 2387 2412 14 2437 2462 2488 2513 2539 2564 2590 2616 2642 2668 15 2694 2721 2747 2774 2801 2827 2854 2881 2908 2936 16 2963 2990 3018 3046 3074 3101 3129 3158 3186 3214 17 3243 3271 3300 3329 3358 3387 3416 3445 3474 3504 18 3533 3563 3593 3623 3653 3683 3713 3744 3774 3804 19 3835 3866 3897 3928 3959 3990 4022 4053 4085 4Il6 20 4148 4180 4212 4244 4276 4309 4341 4374 4407 4439 21 4472 4505 4538 4572 4605 4638 4672 4706 4740 4773 22 4807 4842 4876 4910 4945 4979 5014 5049 5084 5H9 23 5154 5189 5224 5260 5295 5331 5367 5403 5439 5475 2 4 I 55H 5548 5584 5620 5657 5694 573i 5768 5805 . 5842 25 1 5880 5917 5955 5992 6030 6068 6106 6i44 6182 6221 26 6259 6298 6337 6375 6414 6453 6492 6532 6571 6610 27 ; 6650 6690 6730 6769 6809 6850 6890 6930 6971 7011 28 7052 7093 7134 7175 7216 7257 7298 7340 738i 7423 29 7465 7507 7549 7591 7633 7676 7718 776o 7803 7846 30 7889 7932 7975 8018 8062 8105 8149 8192 8236 8280 3i 8324 8368 8412 8457 8501 8546 8591 8635 8680 8725 32 8770 8816 8861 8906 8952 8998 9044 9089 9*35 9182 33 9 22 3 92/4 9321 1 9367 94U 946i 9508 9555 9602 9649 34 9696 9744 9791 9839 9887 9935 9983 10031 10079 10128 35 10176 10224 10273 10322 10371 10420 10469 10518 10568 10617 36 10667 10716 10766 10816 10866 10916 10966 11017 11067 iui3 37 11169 11219 11270 11321 11372 11424 H475 11526 "578 11630 38:11682 H733 11785 11838 11890 11942 H995 12047 I2IOO 12153 39 12206 12259 12312 12365 12418 12472 12525 12579 12633 12687 40112741 12795 12849 12904 12958 13012 13067 13122 I3I77 13232 41 13287 13342 13393 13453 13509 13564 13620 13676 13732 13788 42 13844 13901 13957 14014 14071 14127 14184 14241 14298 14356 43 14413 14470 14528 14586 14644 14701 14759 14818 14876 14934 44(14993 15051 15110 15169 15228 15287 15346 15405 15464 15524 45 15583 15643 *5703 15763 15823 15883 15943 16004 16064 16124 46|i6iS5 16246 16307 16368 16429 16490 16552 16613 16675 16736 47 |i67 9 8 16860 16922 16984 17046 17109 17171 17234 117297 17359 48117422 17485 17548 17612 17675 17738 17802 17866 17930 17993 49 -18057 18122 18186 18250 18315 18379 18444 18509 18574 18639 50 18704 18769 18834 18900 18965 19031 19097 19163 19229 19295 5i 19361 19428 19494 19560 19627 19694 19761 19828 19895 19962 52 20030 20097 20165 20232 20300 20368 20436 20504 20572 20641 53 20709 20778 20847 20915 20984 21053 2II22 21192 21261 21330 54 21400 21470 21540 21609 21679 21750 21820 21890 21961 22031 55 22102 22173 22244 22315 22386 22457 22528 22600 22671 22743 56 22815 22887 22959 23031 23103 23176 23248 23320 23393 23466 57 [23539 23612 23685 23758 23832 23905 23979 24052 24126 24200 58 24274 24348 24422 24497 24571 24646 24721 24795 24870 24945 59 25020 25096 25171 25246 25322 25398 25474 25549 25625 25702 60 25778 25854 25931 26007 26084 26161 26238 26315 26392 26469 .0 .1 .2 .3 .4 -5 .6 7 -8 9 69 TABLE No. 17. Plus Corrections for - s fS( .0 .1 .2 3 4 5 .6 7 .3 | , o.o 0.0 O.O 0.0 O.I O.I 0.2 0.2 0-3 0.4 I o-5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.2 i-3 i-5 i-7 2 1.9 2.Q 2 *"* 2.4 2-7 2.9 3-1 3-4 3-6 3-9 3 4.2 4-4 4-7 5-o 5-4 5-7 6.0 6-3 6.7 7-0 4 7-4 7.8 8.2 8.6 9.0 9-4 9.8 IO.2 10.7 ii. i 5 ii. 6 12.0 12.5 13.0 135 14.0 14-5 15-0 15.6 16.1 6 16.7 17.2 17.8 18.4 19.0 19.6 2O.2 20.8 21.4 220 7 22.7 23-3 24.0 24-7 25-4 26.6 26.7 27.4 28.2 28.9 8 29.6 30.4 3I-I 31-9 32-7 33-4 34-2 35-0 35-9 36.7 9 37-5 33.3 39-2 40.0 40.9 41.8 42.7 43-6 44-5 45-4 10 46.3 47.2 48.2 49.1 50.1 51-0 52. 53- 54- 55- ii 56. 57- 58-1 59-i 60.2 61.2 62.3 63-4 64-5 65.6 12 66.7 67.8 68.9 70. 71.2 72-3 73-5 74-7 75-9 77. 13 78.2 79-4 80.7 81.9 83-1 84.4 85.6 86.9 88.2 89.4 14 90.7 92.0 93-4 94-7 96.0 97-3 93.7 IOO. 101.4 I02.S 15 104.2 105.6 107.0 108.4 109.8 III. 2 112.7 114.1 115.6 117. 16 118.5 I2O. 121.5 123. 124-5 126. 127.6 129.1 I30.7 132.2 17 133-3 135-4 137.0 138.6 140.2 I4I.8 143-4 145- 146.7 148.3 18 150. I5I.7 153-4 155- 156.7 158.4 160.2 161.9 163-6 165.4 19 167.1 168.9 170.7 172.4 174.2 176.0 177.9 179.7 181.5 183.3 20 185.2 I8 7 . 188.9 190.8 192.7 194.6 196.5 198.4 200.3 2O2.2 21 204.2 206.1 208. i 210. 212. 214. 216. 218. 220. 222. 22 224.1 226.1 228.2 230.2 232.3 234-4 236-5 238.6 240.7 242.8 23 244.9 247. 249.2 251.3 253-5 255-7 257-9 260.0 262.2 264.4 24 266.7 268.9 271.1 273-4 275-6 277.9 280.2 282.4 284.7 287.0 25 289.4 291.7 294. 296.3 298.7 301.0 3034 305-8 308.2 310.6 25 313. 315-4 317.3 320.2 322.7 325-I 327-6 330.0 332-5 335- 27 337-5 340.0 342.5 345-0 347-6 350.1 352-7 355-2 357-3 360.4 28 363.0 365.6 368.2 370.8 373-4 376.0 373.7 381-3 384-0 386.7 29 3894 392.0 394-7 397-4 400.2 402.9 405.6 408.4 411.1 413-9 30 416.7 419.4 422.2 425.0 427-9 430-7 433-5 436.3 439-2 442.0 3 1 444-9 447-3 450.7 453-6 456.5 459-4 462.3 465-2 468.2 47I.I 32 474.1 477-0 480.0 483-0 486.0 489.0 492.0 495-0 498.1 501. T 33 I 504.2 507.2 510-3 513.4 5i6.5 519.6 522.7 525-8 528.9 532-0 34! 535-2 533.3 541-5 544-7 547-9 551-0 554-2 557-4 560.7 563.9 35 567-1 570.4 573-6 576.9 580.2 583-4 586.7 590-0 593-4 596.7 36 600.0 603.3 606.7 610.0 6i34 616.8 620.2 623.6 627.0 630.4 37 633.8 637-2 640.7 644.1 647-6 651.0 654.5 658.0 661.5 665.0 38 668.5 672.0 675-6 679-1 682.7 686.2 689.8 6934 697.0 7OO.6 39 704-2 707.8 711.4 7i5-o 718.7 722.3 726.0 729-7 733-4 737-0 40 740.7 744-4 748.2 751-9 755-6 759-4 763.1 766.9 770.7 7744 .0 .1 .2 3 4 5 .6 .7 .8 9 Minus Corrections for - = ^ NOTE. The quantities from above table divided by two give the plus correc- s4-s 3 tionsfor -5= T TABLE Xo. 18. Factors for Correction of Contents on Carves. ds<? dj-d d*d? \*j>* dsd in Factor. in Factor. in Factor. | in Factor. in Factor. feet. feet. feet. [feet. feet. I .OOO22 21 .00452 41 .00883 61 01314 Si 01/45 2 .00043 . 22 .00474 42 .00905 62 .01336 82 .01767 3 .00065 23 .00496 43 .00926 63 .01357 83 .01788 4 .00086 24 .00517 44 .00948 64 01379 84 .01810 5 .OOIOS 25 00539 45 .00970 65 .01400 85 .01831 6 .OOI29 26 .00560 46 .00991 66 .01422 86 .01853 7 .00151 27 .00582 47 .01013 67 01444 87 .01875 8 .OOI72 28 .00603 48 .01034 68 .01465 88 .01896 9 .00194 2 9 .00625 49 .01056 69 .01487 89 .01918 10 .00215 30 .00646 50 .01077 70 .01508 90 .01939 n .00237 31 .00668 51 .01099 71 .01530 91 .01961 12 .00259 32 .00689 52 .01120 72 OI55I 92 .01982 13 .OO28O 33 .00711 53 .OII42 73 01573 93 .02004 M .OO3O2 34 .00733 54 .01163 74 01594 94 .02025 15 .00323 35 .00754 55 .01185 75 .01616 95 .02047 16 00345 36 .00776 56 .OI2O7 76 .01637 96 .02068 17 .00366 37 .00797 57 .01228 77 .01659 97 .02090 18 .00388 33 .00819 58 .01250 78 .01681 98 .O2III 19 .00409 39 .00840 59 .01271 79 .01702 99 .02133 20 .00431 40 .00862 60 .01293 So .01724 100 .02155 , _J S 5 The Construction of Tables of Contents of Level Cuttings. Base = b ; half sum of side slopes = s. For each 0.1 of height, the second difference = (0.074074+) Between heights 0.0 and 0.1 first difference = -~^- " 2.7 " 2.8 " " 5.4 " 5.5 " 27 Contents for a height of 0.1 = ~ 2.7 = 5.4 = To write out a table of level cuttings progressing in height by tenths, rule five columns carried to heights of 2. 7 when s = 1 or one of its multiples, and to heights of 5.4 when s = or one of its odd multiples. Example. (See portion of table given below) b = 28 ; s = 1. Here the second difference 0.074074-f- ; first difference between heights 0.0 and 0.1 = 10.407407+ ; between 2.7 and 2.8 = 12.407407+. Place the heights from 0.0 to 2.8 in the first column ; then put first difference 10.407407+ in third column opposite 0.0 in first, and second difference 0.074074+ immediately above the first difference. As a test for the continued addition of the second difference, put the first difference 12.407407+ in its place in third column, opposite 2.7 in first. Now add 0.074074+ for each 0.1 of height up to 2.7, taking care to record the repeating fractions correctly, and see that the last addition gives 12.407407+ opposite 2.7. Then add each amount in third column to the amount on its left in second, recording each sum in the next line below, and keeping the repeating fractions cor rect. The contents in second column opposite 2.7 should be = 10&+27s = 307.0. JSToAV repeat the amounts in the second column to the nearest tenth, placing them in the fourth column, and as before with regard to the heights in the first. From the fourth column, by subtraction, write the first differences anew, to the nearest tenth, in the fifth column, and opposite their respective positions in the third. For the remainder of the table, rule columns in sets of threes ; the first of each set to contain respectively the heights from 2.8 to 5.4, 5.5 to 8.1, 8.2 to 10.8, etc. Then increase each of the first differences in the 5th column by 2s 2.0, and the first differences from 2.8 to 5.4 are obtained for the eighth column. These again increased by 2.0 give the first differences from 5.5 to 8.1 for the eleventh column, etc. In this way the first differences for the whole table may be written to one place of decimals. Each first difference is to be added to the contents opposite in the next column on the left, and the sum recorded in the first line below. With contents calculated by Formula C = (b+hs) i oo li x -JT~- at intervals for tests, mistakes are almosfimpossible. To carry out the table to whole numbers only, repeat the second column to the nearest whole number, get the first differences to whole numbers by subtraction, and proceed in all respects as above directed.* (i) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (n) 3 Contents. c fca a c Ha A c _bc 0.074074 C 5 UJ g Q tc g Q K.O 0.000000 10.407407 U 3 o 33 o & p ti .1 10.407407 10.481481 10.4 10.5 2.8 3194 12.5 5-5 682.4 14-5 .2 20.888888 10-555555 20.9 10.5 9 331.9 12-5 .6 696.9 14-5 3 31.444444 10.629629 314 10.7 3-o 3444 12.7 7 711.4 14-7 4 42.074074 10.703703 42.1- 10.7 .1 357-1 12.7 .8 726.1 14.7 5 52-777777 10-777777 52.8 10.8 .2 369-8 12.8 -9 740.8 14.8 .6 63.555555 10.851851 63.6 10.8 3 382.6 12.8 6.0 755-6 14-8 -7 74.407407 10.925925 744 10.9 4 3954 12.9 .1 7704 14-9 .8 85-333333 II.O 85.3 II.O 5 408.3 13.0 .2 785.3 15-0 9 96.333333 11.074074 96.3 ii. i .6 421.3 13.1 3 800.3 I5-I I.O 107.407407 11.148148 107.4 II. 2 7 4344 13.2 4 815.4 15.2 .1 H8.555555 11.222222 118.6 II. 2 .8 447-6 13.2 .5 830.6 15-2 .2 [129.777777 11.296296 129.8 II.3 9 460.8 13-3 .6 845-8 15-3 .3 141.074074 11.370370 141.1 ii-3 4-0 474.1 13.3 7 861.1 15-3 .4 152.444444 11.444444 1524 H-5 .1 4874 13.5 .8 876.4 15-5 5 163.888888 II.5I85I8 163.9 ii. 5 .2 500.9 13-5 9 891.9 15-5 .6 175.407407 11.592592 1754 n.6 3 5144 13.6 7.0 907.4 15-6 .7 187.0 n.666666 187.0 ii. 7 4 528.0 13.7 .1 923-0 15-7 ..8 1198.666666 11.740740 198.7 H.7 5 541-7 13-7 .2 938.7 15-7 9 210.407407 11.814814 210.4 n.S .6 5554 13.8 .3 15.8 2.0 222.222222 n.888888 222.2 11.9 7 569.2 13-9 4 15.9 .1 234.IIIIII 11.962962 234-1 12.0 .8 583-1 14.0 5 1 16.0 .2 246.074074 12.037037 246.1 12.0 9 597-1 14.0 .6 16.0 *} 258.IIIIII I2.IIIIII 258.1 12. 1 5-0 611.1 14.1 7 16.1 4 270.222222 I2.I85I85 270.2 12.2 .1 625.2 14.2 .8 16.2 .5 282.407407 12.259259 282.4 12-3 .2 6394 14.3 9 16.3 .6 294.666666 12-333333 294.7 12.3 3 653.7 14.3 8.0 16.3 2.7 307.0 12.407407 307.0 124 4 668.0 14.4 8.1 1083.0 16.4 2.3 319407407 3194 i * In case the second column does not give a whole number at tlie height of 2.7, it should be carried out to 5.4, or to the requisite multiple, of 2.7. UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY THIS BOOK IS DUE ON THE LAST DATE STAMPED BELOW JAN18 30m-6, 14 1