Ta. AaR. EXFT. saATrnrr true; (91) TExAs AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIONQWW BULLETIN NO. 16. JUNE, 1891. _.__.» WORK iN rdieiifrctrtatrraE Drainage Experiments: IRISH POTATOES,‘ CABBAGE, STRAWBERRIES. Russian Fruits and Ornamental Trees. List 0i Fruits 0n Trial. Furest Trees Suecessiul t0 Date. AGRIQULTURAL AND DIECHANICAL COLLEGE 0F TEXAS. A11 Bulletins 0f this Station are is ture may have his name placed on 0 application t0 sued free. Any one interested in any branchfoffagricul- ur permanent mailing list, and secure future numbers, by GEO. W. CURTIS, DIRECTOR. College Station. BrazosjCo. Tex. In requesting Bulletins, write name and address plainly. BRYAN, TEXAS! COX, . “THE NEAT PRINTER,” 1 8 9 1 . (92) TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION OFFICERS AND STAFF. GOVERNING BOARD. BOARD OF DIRECTORS A. AND M. COLLEGE. BIAJ. A. J RosE. President . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Salado. Hon. JNo. E. HOLLINGSXVORTH. State Com. ,Agr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Austin. Hon. W. R1. CAVITT . . . . . . . . . . . .' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bryan. DR. J. D. FIELDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Manor. HON. JNo. ADRIANCE: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Co1umbia- IVINIANCI.~XIJ OFFICERS . J. S. FoWLKEs, Fiscal Agent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .Bry'an. PRES. L. S. Ross, Treasurer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Co11ege Station. - summon STA.FF. GEO. \V. CURTIS, M. S. A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Agricu1turist. Director. H. H. HARRINGTON, M. Se. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chemist. TM. FRANCIS, D. V. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Veterinarian. ‘S. A. BEACH, B. S. A. . . . . . .’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ilorticulturist. D. ADRIANCE, M. S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Meteorologist, Asst. Chemist. J. W. CARSON, . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Assistant to Director. J. M. CARsoN, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Assistant Agrioulturist. S. TILSON, B. S. A . . . . . .% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Assistant in O-hemistry. (93) TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. WORK IN HORTICULTURE. p (s. A. BEACH, B. s. A.) DRAIN KGE EXPERI MENTS . A series of drainage experiments was inaugurated last fall intended,‘ to cover several years, the object beingto compare. crops produced" 0n drained and undrained land; also t0 compare the merits of deep and shallow drainage on soil underlaid at a depth varying from ten inches to two feet with hard tenacious clay. For this purpose equal areas of drained and undrained soil other- wise similar were prepared alike, planted to the same cropand given exactly similar cultivation. A comparison is made of time of ripening, quality and quan- tity of yield. The first year’s work is not yet complete but it is believed a re- port of the progress of this experiment will be of interest especially» to gardeners, fruit growers and others who believe in intensive rather than extensive cultivation. The ground selected for this experiment has a uniform slope to "the north of about 5 inches to the rod, at the foot of Wl11Cl1 is-the main drain of 3 inch tile. The soil is rather heavy c1a.y loam under laid with hard pan at a depth varying from 10 inches to two feet. From the main drain laterals were extended up the slope for adie- tance of twenty rods. These laterals were placed a rod apart and at varyring depth. The first three were laid four feet deep. The next two were laid twenty inches deep. The next two were laid two and a half feet deep. For cost of tiling at dilferent depthssee table. . During the present season this land was occupied by Irish pota- toes, strawberries and cab bage. TABLE SHOYVIXG COST OF DRAINAGEI Depth 2 1-2 feet: To digging 40 rods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $18.50 To cost of tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.48 To laying tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.00 To covering tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.50 $44.78 \ Average cost per rod/Z 1-2 feet deep . . . . . . . . . . .» . . . . . . . $ 1.12 Depth 20 inches : _ To digging 40 rods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $10.00 To cost of tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .' . . . . . .. 18.48 To laying tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.00 '30 covering tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.78 $35.26 Average cost per rod 20 inches deep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5F 0.88 Depth 4 feet: To digging 60 rods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $85.95 To cost of tile"" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 27.72 To laying tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.00 To covering tile . . . . . . ._ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ._ . . . . . . . 13.92 $130.59 Average cost per rod 4 feet deep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ti; p 2.17 I rish Potatoes. _ _ The variety selected for this test was the Early Rose with which a certain area of tile drained land was planted and the remaining 94 TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. part 0f the same lot of potatoes was planted in an undrained field of similar soil. The two pieces of land were previously manured alike {and were given the same care and cultivation. In the undrained field on May 31 an area was selected equal to the area planted on the tiled land and the potatoes were dug. The yield was 3.75 bushels. Three days later the potatoes on the tiled land were dug. The yield was 10.25 bushels. The apparent increase in yield from tile drainage thus being over 170 per-cent. There was also great superiority in size, appearance and quality of the yield on ‘ the drained land. the tiled ground. Cabbage. The experiment with this vegetable was conducted in amanner en- tirely similar to that with the Irish potato and gave even more marked results. Similar soil on tiled and untiled land was selected, manured the same and set to the same varieties of Early cabbage. The heads began to mature on the tiled plat about a month earlier than on the untiled plat. In fact at present writing (June 15) it is difficult to find enough maturedheads to make a comparison of aver- age weight. Six have, however, been gathered. Their average weight is 1.58 pounds. The tiled plat has matured 342 heads, having an average weight of 2.42 pounds, thus showing a remarka- ble advantage in time of ripening and increase in size of cabbage on V Straw berri ers. One great drawback with strawberry culture in many parts of the state is the difficulty experienced in getting the plants to withstand summer heat and drouth. Especially is this found the case at the Experiment Station. An experiment with strawberries therefore has been planned as follows: ' 1st. To find whether the plants stand the summer better on tiled or untiled ground. 2nd. To find whether the plants stand the summer best mulched with cotton seed hulls or straw or with the surface ofthe soil kept ' friable by clean cultivation. 3rd. A variety test of a few prominent varieties. For the purpose of making these tests strawberries were set in the fall of 1890 as follows : p ' A B i p. p. Clean cultivation all summer. IWIulched during summer. Clean cultivation all summer. Tile drained 2 1-2 feet dee Mulched during summer. Mulched during summer. *"' Tile drained 2 1-2 feet dee = <5 ":1 '5 a <12 Q9 <19 a .9. .5 v ‘a C3 i r35 H: 3:5 | 4,; +9 +3 ! O Q P i f4 '6 A i II III IV l V DRAINAGE EXPERIMENTS. 95 The land was divided lengthwise into five equal strips, numbered I, II, III, IV and V. I and II have a tile drain 2 1-2 feet deep ex- tending through the middle. III, IV and V are undrained; I and V are given clean cultivation throughout the whole season. II, III and IV are mulched during summer. A and B are paths three feet wide separating the mulched plats from those given clean culture. No. III is used only to separate the undrained plats from the in- fiuence of the tile drain in II and is not included in a report of re- sults. In rows running lengthwise of the plats were set equal num- bers of each of the following varieties, viz: Cloud, MichaePs Early, Parker Earle, Charleston and Jessie. So far as growth of plants is concerned during the period from time of setting last November to date, Michaels’ Early stands first on the list in multiplication of plants and vigor of foliage, Charleston second, Cloud third. These three varieties have formed matted rows nearly or quite complete. The Jessie and Parker Earle have formed few new plants and have not done so well in this regard as I have lhseen them do at other places, but though few in number, the plants are nevertheless in vigorous condition. All plants have been kept from fruiting this spring in order that more abundant growth might be secured and that they might begin the summer in the most fa- vorable condition. METHODCOF SETTING STRAIVBEHRIES. The following description of the very successful and expeditious method used is taken from notes prepared about February 1st, 1891, and since published in public press : “About 3500 plants were set. Of these 500 were received in good condition and ‘heeled in’ till the ground was prepared. The other 3000 were not received in good condition, the roots being quite dry and the leaves wilted. Believing that strawberry plants should not be wet While out of the ground, except just before resetting, but that they should be kept constantly moist, we placed these plants on moist earth, cov- ered them with damp moss (sphagnum), which was kept moist con- stantly, and placed a shade of boards over them to keep off the heat of the sun and to protect then from drying winds. In three or four days the plants had revived and showed little white points of new ‘growth on the roots. The ground was ploughed about six inches deep and well har- rowed about the middle of October. The plants were intended to I be set about the middle of November, but because the ground was dry the set‘ ing was delayed a fewdays in the hope that prospective rain would give more favorable condition for the work. In this we were disappointed, and about the 20th of November the plants were set. Some expressed the opinion that unless it should rain within three or four days, cr a week at most, the plants would surely die. Yet although the ground remained very dry for a month, nearly every plant is alive and growing, notwithstanding much . of the labor was done by students almost or wholly unaccustomed to this kind or work. I The ground was mellowed by running the subsoil plow twelve to 96 TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION fifteen inches deep once in a row. The plants were taken t0 the field covered with damp moss and burlap. Three or four bunches Were placed in a bucket one-third full 0f water. The one who made the holes used a common spade; this he set deep in the mellow earth and by a jerk ofa handle backward and forward, made an opening in the soil about five inches deep, into which was placed a plant fresh from the bucket. The wet roots were carefully dropped so as to allow them to hang at full length in the earth. The spade was then withdrawn and set deeply just in front of the plant, so that an anotherjerk of the handle pressed the dirt firmly against the lower part of theroots; the process W218 completed by pressing the soil firmly around the crown of the plant, being careful not to cover the crown. It is not claimed that this is the only way to set strawberries, but it is thought to be a good way because: 1. It keepsthe plant moist all the time the roots are out of the ground, their natural reservoir of moisture. 2, The wet roots drop as deep as possible into the soil. and there- fore are not de endent for moisture u on one or two inches of sur- , _ P y P face soil. 3. The wet root hairs come into immediate contact with the finest particles of soil, and through them begin at once to absorb moisture from the earth. r4. The pressure of earth firmly against the roots by use both of the spade and the toot, checks rapid evaporation from the soil next the plant. ' 5. The subsoil plow loosens the soil deeply, so that the work can be done more easily and rapidly. 6. The work can be done in this manner very quickly and effi- ciently with comparative ease. The workmen keeping the body nearly erect, are thus allowed freedom of motion and find the work less tiresome on that account.” NOTES ON INTRODUCTION OF Rgssigggivflgilitplrs AND ORNANENTAL TREES. In a state containing so wide an extent of newly developed and ' undeveloped territory as does Texas, one very important line of horticultural investigation is that of the adaptability of fruits, shrubs and ornamental trees to its various conditions of» soil and climate. Not all varieties successful in Eastern States prove equally success- ful here. In the Work of testing new varieties or old varieties un- der new conditions every grade of success is experienced from most gratifying results to complete failure. There are notable and praisworthy instances in older parts of the state of enthusiastic horticulturists who for years have carried on such experiments at private expense and a great deal of it. Others have more recently begun similar work and it is now pursued with commendable zeal throughout Texas.. It is to be hoped that these pioneers in Texas horticulture will make the Horticultural Depart- ment of the Experiment Station a center to which they will report the success, and what is equally important but less apt to be reported the failure of these-experiments, and also make it a center for the collection, propagation and distribution of untried sorts. Only by RUSSIAN FRUITS. ' 97 such co-operation can this line of station work be made most valua~ ble to the state. The largest list of varieties untried in Texas which the Station re- ceived- this year year came from the noted collection of East Enro- pean and Asiatic trees and shrubs at the Iowa Agricultural College. Several years ago Prof. J. L. Budd of that college took an extended trip over the plains of East Europe for the purpose of studying the horticulture of that region with reference to introducing into the Western part of the great central plain of the United States and espe- cially Iowa, the best varieties from a region possessing marked sim- ilarity to ours both in soils and climatic conditions and Where the culti- vation of orchard fruits has been known for many hundred years. Many things thus introduced from the home of the Duchess of Olden-. burg apple and Boleana poplar have proven remarkably successful in many parts of the Northwest‘ It is believed that among these varieties of apple, plum, pear and cherry’ Will be found some kinds especially adapted to Northwestern Texas. A list of varieties thus introduced is here given together with notes on those which. prom- ised to succeed here, taken from Prof. Budd’s descriptions published in bulletins and reports of the Iowa station and college. It is desired. to at once propagate for distribution to anyone in the state who will agree to test them carefully and report results to the Station. Ap- plications for them should be made to the Station Ilorticulturist who will make known the conditions of distribution. List 0f A pples. Antonovka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 m. Arabka, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257 Pointed Pipka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361 Bergamot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424 Red Queen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316 Borovinka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 245 Red Transparent . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9.8 Borsdorf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402 Revel Pear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379 Cinnamon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 vor. Round Borsdor-f . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356 Gross . . . . . . . .1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413 Royal Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 m. (iipsy Girl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 vor. Romna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 599 Golden Reinette . . . . . . . . . . .. 51 vor. Sklanka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Good Peasant . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 387 Stripe . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. 867 Grand Sultan . . - - - . - . . - - - - - - Skrisch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 m. Great Mogul . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . 54 m. Striped Winter. . . . 33 m. and o‘ Orel Grandmother . . . . - . . - . . - . . - . 469 Thaler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342 Green Crimean - - - - - - - - - - - - - 399 Vargulek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 m. Herren - - - - - - - - . - - - - - - - - - - -- 87 m. ‘Voronesh Marmalade . . . . . .. 88 vor. Hibernal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378 Yellow Transparent . . . . . . _ , . 33-1 Jungfern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347 Juicy Burr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 544 . . . . . .. 382 Kiev Reinette . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 447 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 392 Koursk Anis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 m. Koursk Reinette . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2O m. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 m. ' Landsburg (Landsberger Rei- . . . . . . . . . . . .. 7 Orel nette) .5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Longfield . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 NOTE :—The numbers here given correspond to the importation numbers used by Prof. Budd, “M” refers to the Moscow list; Vor to the Voronesh list. Notes 0n some of the above List .- N o. 245. BOROVINKA, (B0r0vinka).—Much like Duchess in form, size and color, but fully amonth later. It is finer in fiesh, less acid, and a much better eating apple than Duchess. An early and full bearer, and tree a true iron-clad. IViII prove valuable, I think, over a wide area of the northwest. No. 402. BoRsnonF (Borsdovfery-Has small, firm leaf, and is a slow grower, but a fine tree 1n orchard; supposed to be an East German apple, but it proves 98 TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. fully as hardy as Wealthy. The only complaint receivedis that the fruit is too small; but Dr. Hoskins says that manuring will bring it up to medium size. It is fine in color, good in quality, and a good keeper. v ' No. 51 v01“. GOLDEN RErNETTE.-We send this out as Golden Reinette. Me- dium to large, golden in color, fine grained, juicy, sub-acid; almost best in qual- ity. Dr. Fischer, of Veronesh, says: “The best winter apple of South Russia.” Tree seems hardier than Wealthy. ' - No. 399. GREEN CRIMEAN,(Krim.s-ka.ya selonka).-—This is not atrue Russian, and not hardier than Fameuse. Fruit large, and only valuable for cooking. No. 20 m. KOURSK REmErTE-Medium, yellow, irregular, flat; dessert; grown south. Keeps till spring. LANDSBURG oR LANDSBERGER REINETTE.—-M8dil1m to ‘large. ' conical, yellow, shining, with crimson on one side. Flesh, yellowish, delicate, melting, sub- acid, best. Early {winter in south half of Iowa. Does well on rich, low, prai- ries in Silesia. A fair grower in nursery and seems as hardy as Fameuse. No. 361. POINTED PIPKA, (Pipka Ostronlconetch/nay/a).—A fine tree in all respects. Fruit medium to large, conical, skin greenish yellow, with show of red striping in the sun; cavity deep russeted, basin very shallow and corrugated. A ten- dency to ridge is shown in the largest specimens. Flesh rather fine, juicy, and better than the Willow. Season late winter here, and will keep until June farther north. This very valuable apple was sent us by Dr. Regel, who ob- "tained the scions from one of the central provinces in the black soil region of Russia. Erroneously it was first sent out as the Astrachan Pippin. No. 599. ROMNA, (R0mensk0e).—This is one of the strongest growers in our . collection and seems as hardy as a willow. Judging from its season, as we saw it in Central Russia, the fruit should keep through winter in the north half of Iowa. Fruit medium in size, round, yellow, with dark red in the sun. . No. 15 m. SKRIscH.--(\Ve call it cross apple).—-This is not identical with 413 from D.. Regel, but the variety of the family which we saw in Tula and Central Russia. Medium in size, yellowish, fine grained, juicy, sub-acid; very good. A true winter apple here (Iowa). No. 342. THALER, (Charlottenihaler g0Zba).—Much like the Yellow Transpa- rent, but thought to be in North Iowa a better tree. lVith us it is larger than ~ the latter and a trifle later. A valuable very early apple, that will be popular over a wide area. No. 339. YELLoiv TRANSPARENT.——ThlS is now widely known. 1t is earlier than Early Harvest and much like it in appearance and quality List of Peaches. Bokaria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . No. 1 North China . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. l\'o. 1 - Bokaria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. No- 2 North China . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. No. 2 ' i ‘List of Pears. Bessemianka . . . . . . . . . . ..3 m. and 508 Limbertwig . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 m. and 513 Chinese de Engery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Long Stem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34o Early Bergamot. . . . 103 (vor.) and 413 Winter Pear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . m. ‘ 9 Flat Bergamot . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 39b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 391 Lemon . . . . . . . .h . . . . . . . . . . 7 m. and 516 Notes on some of the above List. BESSENIIANKA. (N0. 508 and 3 m.) This is grown on a great variety of soils in Russia,_and it does well here [Iowa] on about all soils except the black muck, upon which even the small fruits Wlll not do well. ~ _ On dry soils, where it can be planted deeply to protect the tender seedling roots on which we are compelled to graft all our varieties, it is doing well up to the 44th parallel. The fruit is medium in size, Bergamot shaped, and nearly or quite seedless. The flesh is tender, juicy, mildly sub-acid, almost buttery, and satisfactory for dessert use. Season September. _ _ _ The tree is a rapid upright grower, with bright green foliage always free from rust or mildew. So far it has not proven more SUbJGClZ to blight than the Duchess apple. RUSSIAN FRUITS. 99 _ xvmrnn PEAR. (9m.) We have favorable reports so far from all sources as to the hardiness of the tree and its freedom from blight. As we saw and tested the fruit in central Russia it was in season thelast days of September. Fruit larger than Besse- mianka and quite as good in quality. LEMON. (516 and '7 m.) A very hardy tree which Dr. Shroeder says is best for cooking. I have not seen the fruit except in a green state. List of Pluons. . Arab No 2. Long Red Uommunia. Merunka. Dame Aubert. Moldorka. Hungarian. Ungarish. Leipzig. Wyzerka. Long Blue. Yellow. EARLY RED (N0. 3.) This was sent out quite extensively eight years ago marked “Mixed Arab.” The sorts mixed were Early Red, White Nicholas, and Black Arab-now called Black Prune. But it has since proven that nearly all the trees thus sent out were Early Red, which is our No. 3 from St. Petersburg. The tree has proven hardy as far as our native plums can be grown, and an early bearer of purplish red fruit as large as the Lombard, better in quality, and two weeks earlier. It also has proven more nearly free from the attacks of the c-urculio and gouger than any native variety. MOLDAVKA. This is a south Rusian variety that stands, if grown with a low stem, up to the 43d parallel. It comes into bearing early and the fruit is nearly as large, handsome, and good, as the Bradshaw. LONG RED (Orel19). A very hardy tree with perfect foliage. Fruit me- dium to large, oblong, purplish red in color, and of fair quality for dessert use. Its use will be mainly for kitchen purposes for which it is not excelled. Loxo BLUE (OFBZ 20). This is a true iron clad. The triple buds of the two- year-old wood are much like those of the Miner or Forest Rose. A bountiful bearer of showy blue plums with much bloom. Fair for dessert use and best for cooking. ' YELLOW (Vor). This was selected by Dr. Fischer of Voronesh in central Russia as one of the hardiest sorts for dessert use. Fruit large, nearly round, free- stone, and nearly best in quality for any use. ‘ List of (7/z.€r'2l'i//s. Abbess de Oignies. . Kings Amarelle. Amarelle Bouquet. Koeper. Aniarelle Bunt. Lutorka. Bessarabian. Morello Fouhe. BTUSFGIGI‘ Braune. Red Muscateller. Cerise de Ostheim. Schatten Amarelle. Double Natte. Sklanka. French Weichsel. Spate Amarelle. Galopin Strauss IVeichsel. George Glass. 23 Orel. (iriotte du Nord. 24 Orel. (iriotte Precoce. 27 Qrel. Juniat Amarelle. » 108 Riga. lYoles on the abore List. ABBESSE DE Oxoxnss. Of the Red Duke family grown in East Europe on fa- vorable soils in North Silesia, and Southeast Russia. In no case have we known the leaves injured by rust our mildew. Even the present unfavorable seasons the foliage of our budded trees is perfect. Fruit large, round, dark red. YVhen ripe mildly sub-acid. AMARELLE BUNT. Another variety of the Red Dukes much prized in North Silesia for dessert use and cooking. A fine grower in orchard and nursery and far hardier tree on our grounds than Richmond or English Morello; mainly I _ \ IWSTX¢-HRJ - TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. think on account 0f its more perfect foliage. The fruit is highly prized in the markets of Warsaw’, Poland. SPATE AMARELLPJ. Much grown for dessert and ciilinar_v use in East Poland and North. Silesia, where it is noted for its regular and bountiful crops. Tree smaller than English Morello With pendulous habit. ' Our trees from five to six feet in height Were bending with the weight of the fruit this season. tfruict medium to large. Color dark purple when ripe. Flesh and juice co ore . lVhen first colored red the fruit has a bitter taste. At this stage of growth it is excellent for canning, and when fully matured it is desirable for dessert use. Season about the 20th of July. BRUSSELER BRAUNE. A variety much prized on the sandy plains of East Po- land. A larger grower than Richmond, with good foliage. Fruit large, nearly round, purplish red in color, juice slightly red, flavor pure and quite acid. As it contains much grape sugar it is valuable for canning and drying. Iiater I think than English Morello. LUTOVKA. A fine round topped grower with strong shoots and good foliage. Much grown in Poland, North Silesia and South Russia, for making “Kirsch- wasser.” Fruit large, yellowish red when ripe, flavor pure and sprightly; sea- son late. Will be valuable for dessert and culinary use. List of T552 (and Sfirztbs. Populus fastigiata. Eleagnus angustifolia. Populus bereolensis. Tamarix Aniurensis. Salix rosmarinifolia. Garagana Redowsky. Salli; laurifolia. Polish privet. Acer ginnala. Russian privet. lVoics on (above ‘List. POPULUS BEREOLENSIS. Has large thick leaves with handsome wavy edges. It is said to be the most valuable of the family for timber, as it polishes smoothly as butternut. ELEAGNIYS ANGUt¥l‘IFOIiI.A. A medium sized tree with silvery shoots and foli- age. Its flowers are not excelled in delicacy of fragrance and the silvery fruits are oramental in late summer. a SALIX ROSMARINIFOLIA. A shrub Willow for ornamental planting. To those who believe that no shrub lVillow can be graceful and pretty I will say this is an exception. In the northwest it will be specially prized. It is not the Rose- mary leaved lVillow 0t the eastern nurseries which will not endure our sum- mers or winters. Top-worked on Salzli: aurect it makes a fine pendiilous tree of small size for the lawn. SALIX LAURIFOLIA. This is not identical with the Laurel Leaved Willow of some eastern nurseries. It makes a tree of medium size with finely rounded top, and laurel like, shining leaves that few will recognize as those ot a Willow. This is very much liked where it has been introduced. TAMARix AirtiRENsIs. The ordinary Tainarix of the eastern nurseries is not hardy in the west, but the still more beautiful species from the valley of the Amur is perfect up to the 32d parallel and almost a perpetual blooiner. LIST OF FRUITS ON TRIAL. Since the publication of the list of peaches in the Station orchard in Bulletin No. 8, Dec. 1889, many changes in the list have been made. It is thought ad- visable to publish at this time a revised list of peaches and also apples, cher~ ries and plums in the Station orchards. Peachies. Amsden, Hyne’s Surprise. Annie Wylie. Infant Wonder. Albert Sidney. Jack Ross. Alice Haupt. Jennie Worthen. Alexander June Rose. FRUITS ON TRIAL . Amelia. Barnes. Barnard. Baldwin’s Late. Beatrice. Beers Smock. Bernice. Bequett Cling. Bequett Free. Bexar. Bilyeu’s Late Oct. Bishop’s Early. Black Freestone. Blood Cling. Bonanza. Bonito. Bronoilgh Cling. Butler’s Cling. Bokaria N0. 1. rsokaria No. 2. Calaways. Carpenters Cling. Chinese Blood. Chinese Cling. Christiana. Climax. Coleman. Cobler’s Indian. Columbia. Comet. Conkling. Countess. Cowan’s Late. Crawford’s Late. Crinsom Beauty. Crocket’s Late White. Crother’s. Dowling’s June. Druid Hill. DufPs Cling. Early China. Early Louise. Early Rivers. Early Tillotson. Eaton’s Golden. Eldred. Elmira. English. Esther Doom. Falcon. Family Favorite. Foster. Ford’s No. 1. Ford’s No. 2. Ford’s No. 3. Gaylord. Galveston. Gem Cling. Gen. Grant. Gen. Lee. Gen. Taylor. George IV. Glendale Beauty. Good’s Oct. Gov. Briggs. 101 Juno. Knight’s Cling. Lady Ingold. Lady Palmerston. Lady Paskam. La Reine. y Langworthy. Leatherburg’s Late. Lemon Cling. Leopard. Lilard’s Oct. Lord Palmerston. Lonoke. Libscombe Prize. Lulu. Mamie Ross. Miner. Minnie. Mitchell. Miss Lolo. Morris White. Mountain Rose. Mrs. Brett. Muskogee. Nelson’s Cling. North China No. 1. North China No. 2. Old Mixon Free. Old Mixon Cling. Onderdonk. Orange Cling. Ormon. Oriole. Pallas. Pansy. Peen-to- Piquett’s Late. Price’s Free. Princess of \Vales. Reeve’s Favorite. Ren. Rosedale Sept. Red River. Raisin Cl. Ringgold Cl. Rupley’s Cl. Rose. Reagan. Scott. , Schumacher. Scruggs. Smock. Salway. Sea Eagle. Stump-the-World. Sander’s Cl. Spottswood Cl. Stonewall Jackson. Sloan’s Carolina. Sylphide. Snow. Squaw. Susquehanna. Topaz. Troth’s Early. TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. Golden Drop. Guadalupe. Hale".~ Early. Ha-upt’s Aug. Haupt’s Extra. Hiaupt’s._ Haupt’s N0. 14. Haupt’s Oct. Hance’s Golden Rareripe. Henrietta. . Heath Cling. Honey. HowelPs Cling. ‘ Walker. Total number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Plums. African. - , - Ark. Lombard. Bun gourme. Botan. Beaty. Bradshaw. Bashtti Am. Chabot. . Cheney. Clara. Clyman. Caddo Chief. Coletta. Deep Creek. Damson. De Soto. Early Red. El paso. Forest Garden. Gen. Hand. Golden Beauty. Hattankin No. 1. Hattankin No. 2. Hall’s New Golden. Indian Chief. Jennie Lucas. Kanawha. Kelsey. Long-fruited. Lone Star. Mason. Marianna. Munson. Miner. Total number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C’ 11.01% es. Abbess de Oigines. Amarelle Bouquet. Amarelle Bunt. Bessarabian. Black Heart. Birusseler Braune. Cerise de Ostheim. Double Natte. French Weichsel. Galopin. George Glass. Tippecanoe. Texas. Tarbell. Thurber. Tuskena Cling. Ulatis. Van Buren’s Golden Dwarf. Victoria. Voorheis No. 1. Voorheis Silver. Yellow Aug. Yellow St. John. Wheatland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ . . . . . .. 167. McPherson. Newman. a Ogon. Pottawattomie. Prunus Pissardii. Paris Belle. Piram. Prunus Simonii. Petite. Queen ofArkansas. Richland. Robinson. RuiPs Spanish. RufPs Choice. Reine Claude de Bavay. Saifold. Satsuma. Shiro-smomo. Summer Prune. Tudor. Texas Gage. Transparent. Ura Beni. Utah Hybrid. Virgata. \Vashington. Weaver. YVayIand. Wild Goose. Wooten. lVolf. Wyant. Yellow Transparent. Yosobe. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 68. Koeper. Lutovka. Montmorency‘. Montmorency extraordinaire. Morello F ouhe. Olivet. - Red Muscateller. Schatten Amarelle. Sklanka. Spate Amarelle. Strauss Weichsel. FRUITS 0N TRIAL. Gov. Wood. Duchess of Oldenburg. Early Harvest. Elgin Pippin. Fall Pippin. Fall Stripe. Fannie. Forest. Gano. Gipsy Girl. Golden Pippin. (irOlGGII Reinette. Good Peasant. Grandmother. Grand Sultan. (jPrea-t lVlogul. Green Crimean. Grravenstein. Hall’s Red. Haley’s Eureka. llerren. Hibernal. Hominy. J effries. Jonathan. Juicy Burr. Jungfern. Kentucky Red. Key’s Winter. Kiev Reinette. l{innard’s Choice. Koursk Anis. Koursk Reinette. Landsburg. Lawyer. Lincoln. Longfield. IJOy- Total number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 Weir No. 44. Griotte du Nord. 23 Orel. Griotte Preooce. 24 Orel. J uniat Amarelle. 27 Orel. Kings Amarelle. 108 Riga. Total number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 32 Apples. Antonovka. Maiden Blush. Arabka. Maverack’s Sweet. Arkansas Black. Missouri Pippin. Baldwin. Mrs. Bryan. Ben Davis. Nashville Mammouth. Bergamot. N icka j ack. Black Warrior. Ortley. ‘ Bledsoe. Pointed Pipka. Belle Pippin. Rambo. Borovinka. Red Beitigheimer. Borsdorf. Red June. Bradfords Best. Red May. Buckingham. Red Queen. Cannon Pearmain. Red Transparent. Carter’s Blue. Red Winter Pear-main. Cinnamon. Revel Pear. Collasaga. Romanite. Cooper’s Early. Romna. Cross. Rome Beauty. . Round Borsdorf. Royal Red. Royal Table. Shannon. Shirley. Shockley. Sklanka. Skrisch. Smith’s Cider. Southern Limberhvig. Steubenraugh- Steyvard. Stevenson’s Red. Stripe. Striped Winter. "Summer Pearmain. Summer Queen. Summer Rose. Sweet Bough. Sweet Dixon. Texas Red. Thaler. Twenty Ounce. Vargulek. Voronesh Marmalade. Wealthy. White “linter Pearmain. Winesap. Yellow Beillflower. Yellow Horse. Yellow Transparent. Yoplfs Favorite. 347. 382. 392. 8 m. ' 28 m. and 7 Orel. 113. TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. LIST OF FCREST TREES SUCCESSFUL TO DATE. [N oTE.--The following list prepared by Mr. G. E. Eberspacher at the request 0f the Director to accompany the report by Prof. S. A. Beach on preceding pages of this Bulletin, represents those trees and shrubs which have successfully passed two years and are now in good healthy condition. Very many others have been planted the/present year, but the list given includes only those, as already stated, which have made a healthy, vigorous growth for more than two years since planting. - THE DIRECTOR] \/ Forest and Shade Trges. COMMON NAME. smnxliiiivrc sauna. .Ash, Am. White . . . . .< . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-.Fraxinus Americana, L. Ash, Green . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .F. Viridis, Mx. Beech, Purple-leaved . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .Fagus svlvatica, L. Birch, Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Betula nigra, L. Box Elder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Negund0 aceroides, Mch. Cherry, Evergreen, or YVild Peach. . . . .Cerasus Caroliniensis. Cottonwood. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -. . . . . . . . . . .Populus monilifera, Ait. China Tree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .Melia Azedarach, L. \ China Tree, Umbrella . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Melia Azedarach, var. umbraculiformis. Chestnut, Am. Sweet . . . . . . . .- . . . . . . . . . .Castanea vesca, var. Americana, Mx. Catalpa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Catalpa bignonoides, Walt. Cucumber Tree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Magnolia acuminata, L. Elm, English . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Ulmus campestris, L. Elm, Scotch .~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Ulmus montana, L. Elm. Am. \Vhite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Ulmus Americana, L. Hackberry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Celtis occidentalis. Japan Varnish Tree. . . . . c . . . . . . . . . . . . .Sterculia platanifolia, L. Laurel, Spice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Laurus nobilis. Laurel, English . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .- . . . . . . ..L. Laurocerasus. Laurel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .L. Bertinnii. Laurel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .L. Caucasica. Locust. Honey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Gleditschia triacanthos, L. Locust, Black. . . . . .. . .- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Robinia pseudacacia, L. Maple, Sugar. . ." . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Acer saccharinum, WVang. Maple, Silver or Soft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A. dasycarpum, Ehr. Maple, Purple-leaved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A. sp. Mulberry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Morus multicaulis. Mulberry, Russian . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .M. Tartarica. Poplar, Balsam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Populus balsamifera, L. Poplar, Silver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .P. alba, L. Poplar, Gray or lVhite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .P. canescens. Poplar, Italian Pyramidal . . . . . . . . . . . ..P. sp. Sycamore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Platanus occidentalis, Ii. Sweet Gum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Liquidambar styraciflua, L. Tulip Tree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ . . . . .Liriodendron tulipifera. Tamarisk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .\ . . . . . .Tamarix gallica. Willow, lVeeping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .S. Babylonica, L. lVillow, Rosemary-leaved . . . . . . . . . . . petiolaris, Smith. ‘Villow, Laurel-leaved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .S. sp. lVillow, Batavia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .S. sp. Walnut, Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Juglans nigra, L. Walnut, Plnglish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..T. regla. Conwferzr. (YOMWON NAME. SCIENTTFIL‘ XA.\II“. Arbor Vitae-Chinese . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Biota orientalis, Don. Elegant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B. orientalis, var. elegantissima, Rol. Golden, 2 varieties . . . . . ..B. orientalis, var. aurea. Weeping (filiformis pendula) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B. pendula, Endl. Caucasian . . . . . . . . . . . , . . .Thuja o-ccidentalis, var. dcnsa, Gordon. Hovey's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .T. occidentalis, var. Hoveyi. Intermedia . . . . . . . . . . . . . .T. o-ccidentalis, var. compacta, R. Smith. Silver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..T. occidentalis, varxargentea, Car. V ervaene’s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .T. occidentalis, var. V ervae-neana. FOREST TREES. 105 Giant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .T. gigantea, Nutt. Siberian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .T. Tartarica, Lodd. Japan . . . . . . . . . . ._ . . . . . . . .Cu ressus Nutkaensis, Hook. Japan, variegated . . . . . . ..C. ‘utkaensis, var. variegata. Cedar, Deodar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0. deodara, Loudon. Cedar, Red . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Juniperus Virginiana, I9 Cypress, Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Retinospora plumosa. ‘Cypress, Golden Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Retinospora plumosa, var. aurea. Juniper, English . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Juniperus communis, L. Juniper, Irish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .J uni erus communis. var. Hibernica, odd. Juniper, Scaly-leaved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .J. squamata, Don. Juniper, Silver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .J.‘ sp. Juniper, Golden Variegated . . . . . . . . . . .J. sp. Maidenhair Tree or Gingko . . . . . . . . . . . . Salisburia adiantifolia, Smith. Pine, Scotch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Pinus sylvestris, L. Pine, White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .P. strobus, L. SVzrubs- (and Sm all Trees. (,"O)I_‘v[()N NABIE SCIENTLFIC NADIE. Ash-berry, Holly leaved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lvlahoniaaquifolia, N utt Althea, 19 varieties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Althea frutex. Burning Bush, 8 varieties, . . . . . . . . . . ..Euonymiis J aponicus ‘ Sage tree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Budleya Lindleana. Box tree, 4 varieties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Buxus sempervirens, L. Deutzia, 6 varieties, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Deutzia crenata Flowering Willow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Chilopsislinearis Gold-dust tree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Aucuba J aponica Hercules Club . . . . . . .’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Ara1ia spinosa _ Hydrangea, 5 varieties . . . . . . . . . . . . . ._ . . { (lillgifiggziia Jinéég Honeysuckle, Upright, 4 varieties . . . . . .Cl1&II128C6I‘2LS11S crysantha Holly English . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Ilex aquifolia Japan Quince, White red and pink var. . .Pyrus Japonica Jasmine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .J&SI11lI111I11 friiticians, L. Lilac, White and purple . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Syringa vulgaris, var. alba L. Mock Orange or Syringa, 8 varieties. . Philadelphus grandiflorus, Wild. Osmanthiis, 3 varieties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Osmanthus aquifolia Privet, Amoor river . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Ligustrum amorense. Privet, California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .L. Californiacum. Privet» common . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .L. Vulgate, L. - L. robustum. Privet, 3 other varieties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . {In volutum. L. variegata argentea Sweet-scented Shrub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Calycanthus floridus, L. Spindle or Strawberry tree . . . . . . . . . . “Euonymusllluropzeus, L. St. J ohnswort . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Hypericum kalmianum, L. g - _ O , - . S. Douglasii LPHEEH», .. varieties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S_ trilobata. Sage or Chaste Tree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Vitex agnus-castus, L. “Taxberry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Symphoricarpus racemosus, Mx. Weigelia. 18 varieties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Diervi1la Japonica.