OIIip i. 1. Htll ©brarij 1 Nortli (Earolina »mt Inioerflitg B5 COT).? THIS BOOK IS DUE ON THE DATE INDICATED BELOW AND IS SUB- JECT TO AN OVERDUE FINE AS POSTED AT THE CIRCULATION DESK. NO^ .. ii ^f SC^^ 23 1981 OUTLINES BRITISH FUNGOLOGY Plate 1 ^-ji-oeiLt iJrooKr OUTLINES OF BRITISH F U N G L G Y CONTAININO CHARACTERS OF ABOVE A THOUSAND SPECIES OF FUNGI, AND A COMPLETE LIST OF ALL THAT HAVE BEEN DESCRIBED AS NATIVES OF r^ gntisfj gdtn. Rev. M. J. BERKELEY, M.A., F.L.S. AUTHOR OF 'INTKODUCTION TO CRVPTOGAUIC BOTANY.' LONDON : LOVELL REEVE, HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN. 1860. " Various as beauteous, Nature, is thy face ; . . . . all that grows, has grace. All are appropriate. Bog and marsh and fen Are only poor to undiacerning men. Here may the nice and curious eye explore How Nature's hand adorns the rushy moor ; Beauties are these that from the view retire, But will repay th' attention they require." Ceabbe's Lovers' Jouruey. " J'ai pens6 qu'il me serait plus facile de descendre ensuite du tout a la partie, que de raonter de la partie au tout. C'est un axiome alg^brique qui veut que Ton procede du oonnu a I'inconnu, et non de Tinconnu au connu."— Com^e de Monte Crista, chap, xlvii. MRS. LLOYD AVYNNE, OF COED COCII, IN THE COUNTY OF UENBIGH, K\]is WHioxh. is EnscribcK, AS A SMALL TRIBUTE TO THE ZEAL WITH WHICH SHE HAS STUDIED THE NUMEROUS FUNGI OF HER BEAUTIFUL COUNTRY, AND IN ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF THE MANY ACTS OF KINDNESS WHICH SHE HAS CONFERRED UPON THE AUTHOR. PREFACE. The object of this Work is to furnish materials for the correct determination of the larger British Fungi, and such only as re- quire nothing more than a common lens for their examination. In consequence, all microscopic details have, as far as it Avas possible, been avoided, though to meet the wishes of several scientific friends, a complete list of the more minute species is appended, together with references by which the places in which those species which have been determined as British since the publication of the ' English Flora,' are recorded or described, may be readily found. A Glossary of the less familiar terras, and a list of most of the authors referred to in the descriptive part, have been added, in the hope that they may prove useful to students. Those persons who may wish hereafter to extend their re- searches, will find that they have made a good beginning by the study of the larger species, the determination of which, properly conducted, will prepare them for a much more correct appreciation of the limits within which the more obscure Fungi are comprised. The contrary practice of empirically deterndainy the more niiinitc species witliont any notion of their characters, variations, and structure, will end in nothing sound and satisfactory, while few exercises of the mental powers can be more improving than a diligent study of such a genus as Agaricus. I wish it to be understood distinctly that 1 have not aimed at originality in defining the genera and species, but have adopted the best characters wherever I could find them, and I regret that, from an accident in transmission, I have not been able to avail myself of more than a small portion of Fries's latest work on tlie Hymenomycetes, which is unpub- lished. Of the figures it will be sufficient to say that the greater part have been drawn by Mr. Fitch, whose talents as a draughtsman are too well known to require any recommen- dation. To Mr. Broome, who has for so many years been my fellow-labourer, I have been indebted for much assistance in the course of the work, as also to Mr. Currey. It is to their labours principally that the enormous increase in the list of Fungi since the publication of the 'English Flora' is due, amounting now to more than 2,380 species. KiNa's Cliffe, August, 1860. EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. PLATE I. Fig. 1. A. Agaricus grammoccphaliis. a. spores. h. spicules or sterigmata. c. sporophores or basidia. d. tissue of trauia. B. A. crctaccus. Fig. 2. Pcziza cupularis. a. ascus. 5. sporidium. Fig. 3. Hymenogaster toner. Showing spore surrounded by a sac, wliicli sometimes contains a second spore. Fig. 4. Puecinia graminis. Fig. 5. Tilletia Caries. a. spore sprouting, and crowned with processes. h. processes anastomosing. c. one of ditto, bearing secondaiy spores (after Tuhisne), vm EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. Fig. 6. Badhamia. a. cyst, with spores. b. separate spore, to show tliat it is granulated where ex- posed, but smooth where covered. c. Enertheuema clegans. Fig. 7. a. PeronosporainfestanSjwithhypha, erect threads, and spores. b. Peronospora carta. Fig. 8. Gymnosporiura fulvum, Berk, and Curt. Fig. 9. a. Ascosporium deformans. b. sporidia simulating yeast-globules. c. A. buUatum, to show their further growth. Fig. 10. Tympanis saligna. Asci and stylospores on the same hy- men ium. Fig. 11. Nectria iuaurata. a. clavate asei. b. cylindrical asci. c. sporidia from the latter. Fig. 12. o. sporidium of Hypoxylon fuscum. b. sporidium of Sphseria rabella. c. sporidium of S. palustris. tl. sporidium of Valsa hapalocystis. e. sporidium of Massaria fcedans. /. sporidium of Sphperia macrotricha. g. sporidium of Sphseria siparia. Fig. 13. a. stylospores of Cenangium Fraxini. h. spermatia of the same. The former from the base of the pycnidium, tlie latter from the upper part of the walls. c. spermatia of Peziza blaudula, TuL, from the hymenium (both after Tulasne). d. spermatia of Valsa hypodermia. PLATE II. 1. Mendius lacrymans, nat. size, with a portion of the hymenium magnified. EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. IX 2. Crucibuhiin vulgarc, iiat. size and sliglitly magnified, with two of the sporangia more highly magnified. 3. Cyathus striatus, nat. size and slightly magnified, with two of the sporangia more highly magnified. 4. Podisoma Juniperi-Sabinse, nat. size. 5. Gymnos])oranginm Jnniperi, nat. size. fi. Helotium versitbrrae, nat. size, with a section magnified. 7. Tremella sarcoides, nat. size, with a section magnified, hora involncrata, Ilook.f., nat. size. PLATE III. 1. Agaricus phalloidcs, and section, half nat. size. 2. A. strobiliformis, young, nat. size. 3. A. excelsus, and section, half nat. size. 4. A. vaginatus, and section, half nat. size. 5. A. Cecilise, and section, half nat. size. 6. A. rachodes, and section, half nat. size. 7. A. cristatus, and section, nat. size. PLATE IV. 1. A. mellens, and section, one-third nat. size. 2. A. eqnestris, two-thirds nat. size. 3. A. imbricatus, and section, half nat. size. 4. A. sulfureus, and section, two-thirds nat. size. 5. A. gambosus, and section, half nat. size. 6. A. albus, and section, two-thii'ds nat. size. 7. A. nudus, and section, small specimen. PLATE V. 1. A. personatus, and section, small specimen. 2. A. infundlbnliforinis, and section, small specimen. X EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. 3. A. laceatus, and section, nat. size. 4. A. radicatus, two-thirds nat. size, and section. .5. A. fusipes, and section, nat. size. 6. A. stipitarius, nat. size, with pileus and section magnified. 7. A. dryophilus, and section, nat. size. PLATE VI. 1. A. pelianthinus, and section, nat. size. 2. A. galopus, nat. size, with section magnified. 3. A. Iris, nat. size, with section magnified. 4. A. vulgaris, with section, nat. size. 5. A. stylobates, nat. size, with section and base of stem magnified. 6. A. tenerrimus, nat. size, with section and separate plant magnified. 7. A. pterigenus, nat. size, with two individuals and section mag- nified. 8. A. pyxidatus, nat. size, with section magnified. 9. A. mitis, nat. size, with section magnified. PLATE VII. 1. A. bombyoinus, two-thirds nat. size, with section nat. size. 2. A. Loveianus, on A. nebularis, two-thirds nat. size, with section nat. size. 3. A. speciosus, two-thirds nat. size, with section nat. size. 4. A. leoninus, with section, nat. size. 5. A. chiysophaeus, with section, nat. size. 6. A. clypeatus, one-third nat. size, improperly referred in the text to A. rhodopoUns. 7. A. pmnulus, with section, half nat. size. PLATE VIII. 1. A. praocox, wnth section, nat. size. 2. A. adiposus, with section, nat. size. EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. XI 3. A. mutabilis, with section, nat. size. 4. A. fastigiatus, one-third nat. size, with section nat. size. 5. A. rimosus, two-thirds nat. size, with section nat. size. 6. A. trechisporus, with section, nat. size. PLATE IX. 1. A. crustuliniibrinis, with section, nat. size. 2. A. longicaudiis, with section, nat. size. 3. A. melinoides, nat. size, with section magnified. 4. A. semiorbicularis, nat. size, with section magnified. 5. A. reticulatus, with section, nat. size. 6. A. mollis, with section, nat. size. 7. A. Rubi, nat, size, with section magnified. PLATE X. 1. A. variabilis, nat. size, with section magnified. 2. A. campestris, dark var., two-thirds nat. size, with section nat. size. 3. A. campestris, another variety, with section, nat. size. 4. A. arvensis, small specimen. 5. A. cretaeeus, two-thirds nat. size, with section magnified. Variety with the stem less decidedly sunk into the pdeus. 6. A. squamosus, two-thirds nat. size, with section nat. size. PLATE XI. 1. A, fascicularis, with section, nat. size. 2. A. velutinus, mth section, nat. size. 3. 4. A. appendiculatus, in different conditions, nat. size, with sec tions slightly magnified. 5. A. Foeniseeii, nat. size, with section magnified. 6. A. fimipntris, nat. size, with section slightly magnified. 7. A. separatus, two-thirds nat. siz(!, with section nat. size. til EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. PLATE XII. 1. Coprinus atramentarius, slightly reduced, with section nat. size. 2. Bolbitius tener, with section, nat. size. 3. Cortinarius callochrous, with section, half nat. size. 4. C. anomalus, two-thirds nat. size, with section nat. size. 5. Paxillus involutus, small specimen, witli section. 6. Paxillus panuoides, nat. size. 7. Gomphidius gracilis, nat. size. PLATE XIII. 1. Hygi'ophorus distans, with section, nat. size. 2. Lactarius insulsus, small specimen, with section. 3. L. piperatus, small specimen, with section. 4. L. serifluus, with section, nat. size. 5. Russula heterophvlla, two-thirds nat. size, with section nat. size. 6. K. virescens, with section, two-thirds nat. size. 7. R. nitida, two-thirds nat. size, with section. 8. R. alutacea, two-thirds nat. size, with section. PLATE XIV. L Cantharellus aurantiacus, small specimen, with section. 2. C. retirugus, nat. size. 3. Marasmius urens, with section, nat. size. 4. M. peronatus, with section, small specimen. 5. M. Oreades, with section, nat. size. 6. M. insititius, nat. size, with section slightly magnified. 7. M. rotula, nat. size, with section magnified. 8. M. graminum, nat. size, with section magnified. PLATE XV. 1. Hygrophorus eburncus, with section, nat. size. 2. Lentinus Dunalii, with section, nat. size. EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. XIU 3. Lcnzites betulina, with section, nat. size. 4. Boletus parasiticus, nat. size, on Scleroderma, not on Elaphomyces, as wrongly stated in the text. 5. l^oletus luridus, with section, small specimen. 6. B. edulis, with section, half nat. size. PLATE XVI. 1. Polyporus lentus, with section, nat. size. 2. P. lucidus, nat. size. 3. P. sulfurcus, slightly reduced, ■i, P. spuraeus, nat. size. 5. P. ulmaiius, half nat. size, with section. 6. P. vulgaris, nat. size, with pores magnified. PLATE XVIL 1. Fistulina hepatica, small specimen, with tubes magnified, 2. Hydnum repandum, with section, nat. size, and section magnified. 3. H. udum, nat. size, with spines magnified, •i. Thelephora anthocephala, nat. size. 5. T. moUissima, nat. size. 6. T. sebacea, nat. size, with the border magnified. 7. Stereura hirsutum, nat. size. PLATE XVIIL 1. Auricularia lobata, nat. size, and section magnified. 2. Clavaria amethystina, small specimen. 3. C. rugosa, nat. size. 4. C. umbrina, nat. size. 5. C. stricta, nat. size, and tip of branch magnified. 6. Bulgaria sarcoidcs, nat. size, with section. 7. Hirneola Auricula- Judae, nat. size, with section magnified. 8. Dacrymyces stillatus, nat. size, and section magnified. XIV EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. PLATE XIX. 1. Corlinarius bolaris, luit. size, with section. 2. Nyctalis parasitica, nat. size, with section. 3. Marasniius Wyniiei, nat. size, with section, k Lentinus cochlcatus, nat. size, with section. 5. Daedalea quercina, small specimen, with section. 6. Craterellus cornucopioides, nat. size. PLATE XX. 1. Hydnangium carotsecolor, nat. size, with section magnified. 2. Hymenogaster citrinvxs, nat. size, with section magnified. 3. Phallus impudicus, nat. size, with section. i. Geaster fimbviatus, nat. size. 5. Bovista nigrescens, nat. size. 6. Bovista plumbea, nat. size, with section. 7. Lycoperdon cselatuni, nat. size. 8. Reticidaria mnbrina, nat. size, with capillitinni (a) magnified. PLATE XXI. L Cyathus vernicosus, nat. size and magnified. Two sporangi more magnified. 2. Sphaerobolus stellatus, nat. size and magnified. 3. Anthina flammea, nat. size. 4. Helvella crispa, nat. size, with section. 5. Morchella esculenta, nat. size. 6. Verpa digitaliformis, nat. size. 7. Spathularia fiavida, nat. size. PLATE XXII. L Lcotia lubrica, nat. size, with section. 2. Gcotiilossum hirsutum, nut. sizi; and magnified. EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. XV 3. G. oliviiccum, var., uat. size. 4. Peziza badia, nat. size. 5. P. micropus, nat. size. 6. P. reticulata, nat. size, with section. 7. Bulgaria inquinans, nat. size, with section. PLATE XXIII. 1. Ascobolus vinosus, nat. size and magnified. 2. Tuber a^stivum, nat. size, and section magnified. 3. Elaphomyces variegatus, nat. size and magnified. 4. Cordiceps militaris, nat. size, with head and perithecia magnified. 5. C. entomorrhiza, nat. size, with sections magnified. 6. C. alutacea, nat. size, with section. 7. Ergot, with C. purpurea, nat. size and magnified. PLATE XXIV. 1. Xylaria Hypoxylon, nat. size and magnified. 2. X. bulbosa, riat. size and magnified. 3. Hypoxylon ustulatum, nat. size and magnified. 4. H. multiforme, nat. size and magnified. 5. Sphseria Bombarda, nat. size and magnified. 6. Nectria Peziza, nat. size and magnified. 7. Endogone pisiforniis, nat. size and magnified. 8. Coprinus Ilendcrsonii, nat. size, and section magnified. ADDENDA. p. 2. Note 2. The common usage of the words Pilz and Schicamm is not without exception ; Na(/el Schwdmme, for example, is the common name of Agaricus esculeiiitis. See p. 118. p. 7. The dry-rot in fir-built ships is caused by MeruUus laorymans, but in oak-built ships by Polyporus hyhrklus. p. 10. Of the Orders mentioned in this page, Phragmotrichacei has been suppressed altogether, and ^ckUacei has been substituted for Cmomacei, as affording a more natural group. p. 41. Much against my will, I am forced to adopt the genus Peronospora as limited by Caspary, not by Corda, in consequence of the double fruit so different fi'om anything in genera allied to Botriftis, as far as they are at present known. p. 59. De Bary beUeves that Asterophora is merely a conidiiferouB state of NyctaUs ; Tulasne howcTer adheres to the older notion. p. 72. The best remedy, perhaps, is creosote. p. 252. After P. Vaillantii, insert— 77. P. hybridus, B. and Br. -, white ; mycelium thick, forming a dense membrane or creepuig branched strings ; hymenium breaking up into areae ; pores long, slender, minute. — Boletus hybridus. Sow. t. 289, 387, y. 6. On oak, in ships, etc. The Dry-rot of our oak-built vessels. This species seems hitherto to have been almost neglected by authors, the latter figure only being quoted, which exhibits only a part of the characters. p. 268. After Thelephora lyssoides, insert — 13*. T. sebacea, Fr. ,- effused, between fleshy and waxy, incrusting, at length hai-d, various, tubcrculated, or resembling stalactites, dirty-white ; eir- eumference fringed. (Plate 17, fig. 6.) On grass, etc. Common. p. 309. After Crihraria intermedia, insert — 2. C. intrieata, Schrad. On decayed fir-stumps. Weybridge, F. Currey. July, 1860. p. 368. I believe Peziza Oodroniana, Mont., is not distinct from P. tricolor, Sow. p. 372. After Ilelotium ochraeenm, insert — 21*. H. imberbe, Fr. On decorticated willow, A. Jerdon. Mossbumford, 1860. CORRIGENDA. p. 13. For Hymenangium read Hymenogaster. p. 81. For Polyporvs igniarius read P. fomentarina. p. 87. For 13 read 10. p. 91. For Plate 1 read Plate 3. p. 231. For Flaphomyces read Scleroderma. OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGY Kntrotiuctorg JSatter* CHAPTER I. PEELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS. Every one is more or less acquainted with the soft, fugitive, variously coloured, succulent plants, which abound every- where in our woods and meadows, and which are known under the common names of Toadstools, Mushrooms, or Champignons, according as they are objects of disgust or ad- miration, from their real or supposed poisonous or nutritious qualities. While therefore the former are, in general, kicked on one side, or trodden down, the latter, in proportion to the degree of knowledge possessed, are carefully gathered and turned to use. There is, however, no general word in our language which will comprehend even the whole of this group, much less the vast tribe of plants which are classed with them in every Natural botanical arrangement. Popular knowledge, indeed, goes sometimes far enough to associate with them some of the Fungi which grow on the trunks of trees, as the nearly smooth Polyporus of the birch, and the scaly species of » OUTLINES OF 15KTTISH FUNGOLOGY. the ash and walnut^ Avhich arc commonly called Sapballs, or the hard corky kinds, one of which supplies the Amadou of commei-ccj but there is no general conception that the multi- tudes of parasites Avhich grow on dead and living plants, fre- quently inducing disease or decay, the mould which runs over our fi-uit and provisions, or the yeast of beer and mother of vinegar, are closely allied productions ; if, indeed, the very existence of some amongst them is recognized at all. We are obliged, therefore, to have recourse to the Latin language for a general word to comprehend the whole tribe, which is denominated Fungi. An objection, indeed, has been raised to the term Fungology, which indicates a knowledge of the whole tribe, as composed at the same time of a Greek and Latin word. The word is however like many other spurious words very generally received ; and if the objection should be considered insuperable, we have but to substitute that of Mycology, which is at once correct in etymology and compre- hensive enough to -include all we wish. The word Fungus may however in any case be retained as expressing these plants in common parlance, oidy we must take care, if we do not iisc the more English-looking word Fungal, not to speak, as is too frequently the case, of a Fungi,"^ which is at once gra- ting to the ear, and utterly intolerable. If Fungus be con- sidered as an English word, as it is used indeed by some of our older authors, the plural will be Funguses ; but there is then something unpleasing in the sound, and the term Fungi is certainly to be preferred. f * As, for example, in Phillips's Prize Essay on the Potato Murrain, Joum. of Royal Agricultural Society, vol. vii. p. 309. t The French word Champignon was originally scarcely of wider significa- tion than our word Mushroom, though now classical in the sense of Fungi ge- nerally. The German word P'dz (a corruption of Boletm) is used to denote the softer kinds, while Sckirnmm generally denotes such Fungi as Polypori. PRKLIMINAUY OBSERVATIONS. 3 What then, generally speaking, arc the plants comprehended under this denomination? Now it is very difficult to give a strict definition which will comprise every individual genus and spe- cies of the whole group. It would lead me into discussions far too deep at present, to enter into the reasons of this diffi- culty ; nor could they be understood Avithout some previous knowledge of the neighbouring tribes of Lichens and Algae, which I am not at liberty to assume,'* or indeed of the inti- mate relations which exist generally between contiguous groups of organized beings, insomuch that it is often extremely diffi- cult to distinguish even a plant from an animal. It is prin- cipally amongst microscopical objects that such perplexities occur, though a few cases of difficulty arise where the true position of a plant cannot at once be obtained from the mere habit, without attention to the nature of the fruit.f Without any strict definition then at present, I shall pro- ceed to call attention to a few of the various plants comprised in the study of Mycology, from which something like a gene- ral notion of the subject-matter may be gathered. If we take the common Mushroom (Plate 10, fig. 2) as our point of departure, we have the type of an enormous group, characterized by a hat or bonnet-shaped receptacle (pileus), supported by a stem, and fnrnished beneath with a num- ber of gill-like plates {lamella:), which deposit, when placed on paper, a vast quantity of dust-like bodies, to which, though reproductive, the name of Spores (Plate 1, fig, 1. a.) has been given, to distinguish them from seeds which contain an embryo, while these consist of a two-coated cell, M-ithout the slightest trace of an embryo. These spores are of difterent colours in * The whole question is discussed in Berkeley's ' Introduction to Crypto- gamic Botany.' t As in the gelatinous matter so common on gravel walks after rain, called Nostoc, which has the hahit at once of a Lichen, Alga, or Fungus. B 2 4 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGY. difiererit species, very frequently pure-white, but presenting also pink, various tints of brown, from yellowish and rufous to dark-bistre, purple-black, and finally black. As these colours are accompanied by peculiar differences of habit, they aftbrd a ready test for grouping the species. The greater part of these plants are of rapid growth, and of a soft, cellular substance. They differ greatly in stature, colour, and outward appearance; some are perfectly smooth, others densely slimy, while many are clothed Avith silky or downy hairs and bristles, disposed in various ways, and adding greatly to their beauty. Some species have the brightest colours of the rainbow, combined with the most elegant form and deli- cacy, while others are coarse, dull in colour, and unsightly; few are at all persistent, and many when decayed pass into a loathsome, oftensive mass. A particular group, common in hotbeds, is known by the whole pileus, almost befoi'c expan- sion, dissolving into an ink-like fluid. The greater part of these plants spring at once from the ground or other matrix with- out any general covering ; but in a few of the more highly organized, there is a general wrapper {volva), (Plate 3, fig. 4,) which encloses the \a hole plant, bursting and leaving more or less evident traces behind ; while in others the pileus is at first clothed with fibres of greater or less delicacy, which either vanish entirely as it expands, or leave traces behind upon the disc, or at the margin, in which latter case it is called a veil [cortina), (Plate 12, fig. 4). Sometimes a membrane is at- tached to the stem, cither connected immediately Avith the volva, or at first spread under the gills, Avhich when more or less persistent is called a ring {annulus), (Plate 3, fig. 6, 7). The stem, though very frequently present, does not exist universally. It first becomes short and excentric, and then, from being strictly lateral, vanishes altogether, so that the PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS. 5 pileus presents various forms, as fan-sliaped, kidney- shaped, scmiorbicular [dimidiate) , and occasionally becomes attached by the surface of the pileus ; so that the gills are superior in- stead of inferior, and the pileus is then said to be resupinate (Plate 10, fig. 1). The Gill-bearing Fungi are generally of a soft substance, but they are not all so. According to the density with which the cells or threads of which tliey are composed are packed, they present various degrees of hardness, till they assume even a corky substance, and are more or less persistent. The common fairy ring Champignon, Marasmius Oreades (Plate 11, fig. 5), is a familiar example of the first departure from the common Mushroom type, and in consequence of its less watery character, it is easily preserved in a dry state for culinary pur- poses. The Dsedalea of the birch, Lenzites hetuVma (Plate 15, fig. 3), a widely distributed species, gives a good example of a still further hardening of the gills, while in that of the oak, Dcedalea quercina (Plate 19, fig. 5), the substance is as firm as cork, or, in parts, as hard as wood. There are a few Fungi in which the gills assume the form of folds or veins, departing thus from the more common type. The Chantarellc, for instance, Cantharellus cibarius, which is such an ornament of our woods from its bright melon- like colour and grateful odour, is a good example. The folds in some species pass into mere veins, and in the very lowest the fruit-bearing surface [hymenium) is all but even, thus paving the way to a group which we shall have to speak of presently. In a few species there is a gelatinous stratum either exter- nal to the pileus or inserted in the midst of the general mass of its tissue ; but in general this element, which is so impor- tant in one group, is but sliglitly developed, and never consti- tutes the whole or major part of the tissue. 6 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUXGOLOGY. In some of the species of Gill-bearing Fungi, especially where the substance becomes tough and hard, there is a ten- dency in the gills to run into each other by means of lateral processes or veins, and so to make pores. The Fungi of this first division are known under the general name of Agaricini, or Mushroom-like Fungi. Almost all the species are of con- siderable dimensions ; a very few only, as the pretty holly-leaf Agaric, with its long briglit bristles, require a common lens to see their beauty. In a very important group of Fungi, however, the pores are the essential character, as the gills are in those we have just described. These pores may be partially or entirely free, as in the genus^ Fistulina (Plate 17, fig. 1), with which most are familiar under the form of the dark-red Fungus which is so common on the trunks of old oaks, and which when di- vided looks very like beet-root, the whole plant resembling an ox-tongue. In general however they are closely packed and more or less intimately united, sometimes separating easily from each other, and sometimes inseparable. The former condition occurs in the most characteristic genus of the group, Boletus (Plate 15, fig. 4, 5, 6), which under a variety of forms adorns our woods or the scanty herbage imder old trees, more rarely appearing on hedgesides, or in the open fields. Under fir-trees a bright-yellow species is extremely common, and one of a more sombre tint where larch is pre- dominant. Sometimes they grow in conspicuous rings, and sometimes they attract notice from the instantaneous change which they undergo, when broken and divided, from white or yellow to deep blue. This change was long a source of per- plexity to those who examined it, but it is now known to de- pend upon the action of ozone upon the juices. * This genus is indeed sometimes associated, but wrongly, with the genera of the next division. PRELIM I XAKY OUSERVATIONS. 7 All the true species of Boletus arc fleshy, but they are closely connected with one of the largest genera of Fungi, the Poll/port (Plate 16, fig, 1-C), which exhibit every gradation, from great succulence to the hardness of wood, in their mul- titudinous species. The scaly Polyporus (P. squamosus), so common on ash; the hispid, ferruginous P. hispidus, which abounds on apple-trees ; the coriaceous P. vei'sicolor, with its velvety pileus and many-coloured zones, so common on stumps and felled wood ; and the hard, hoof-shaped P. igmarins, to be found everywhere in plum-orchards, — are examples of difterent conditions familiar to us all. Multitudes of other forms occur, distinguished by the presence or absence of a stem, the complete attachment of the pileus to the substance on which it grows, so that the whole plant consists of resupi- nate pores, by the clothing of the pileus, by the nature of the jiores, etc. Many of these are extremely common, and others as rare, and some run so closely into each other that the spe- cies are very difficult to distinguish. In a few foreign species the pores are so large that they very closely resemble a honey- comb, and in others, almost the whole plant is of a gelatinous texture. Such also is the case in a rare British species of the genus MeruHus, which contains the well-known Dry-rot, MeruUus lacrymans (Plate 2, fig. 1), so destructive to our ships and domestic buildings. The walls of the pores are here mere veins, and there is a close connection with some of the lower forms of the Gill-bearing Fungi. The Pore-bearing Fungi are included under the common name of Polyporei. Occasionally the walls of the tubes or pores are broken up ; and as this takes place in an early stage of growth, the whole surface of these processes is covered with the fructifying cells, or, in other words, with the hymenium. This paves the way to a third group of some importance, 8 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGY. which may not hoAvevcr be so familiar to many of my readers as the two former. The existence of prickles, or spine-like processes, on the under surface of the pileus in the more typical genera and species, is the characteristic mark, as gills and tubes were of the two former. The pretty Hyclnum auri- scalpium, which is common upon fir-cones, will have attracted the notice of many from the elegance of its form and colour- ing ; and the esculent /f. repandum (Plate 17, fig. 2), which is a common inhabitant of our woods, must be know^n to every one who has observed the differences which exist among these plants. There are, however, abundaut species which will re- ward a closer research by their own peculiar beauties. One or two are gelatinous, and a few acquire considerable firm- ness of texture. Some consist almost entirely of spines, with scarcely any pileus, while others are as regular in form as a Mushroom. A few are repeatedly branched, resembling a cauliflower. In one genus, Hericium, which may perhaps reward future researches in this country, the spines are ex- tremely large and perfectly erect, and have the appearance of ivory. The Fungi of this third subdivision are called Hydnei, after the typical genus Hydnum. We noticed before, that in the lower Gill-bearing Fungi, the hymenium is sometimes almost destitute of folds, thus preparing the way for an important group in which the cha- racteristic point is the absence of projections or depressions on the hymenium. The species arc often very common and widely diff'uscd. An oak-trunk, when felled and decorticated, is soon covered with a bright-yellowish, velvety Fungus, with a smooth hymenium of the same colour, Stereum hirsutum (Plate 17, fig. 7), while a felled poplar, left, as is usual, with the bark on, is in like manner adorned with a beautiful and somewhat similar lilac Fungus, Stereum purpureum. They PRELIMINARY OBSEHVATIOXS. \) are scarcely ever fleshy, but for the most part coriaceous, with an admixture of waxy, membranous, or gelatinous species. As in the former instances, many are resupinate ; but in ge- neral, the stem is less common than in the other groups, and when present, not very distiuct from the pileus, but confluent with it. In the genus Thelephora (Plate 17, fig. 4, 5, 6) there are slight traces of folds, and in a few species of Stereum there are bristles or bristle-shaped processes, which on a careless view might confound them with the species of the Tooth- bearing Fungi. They vary extremely in colour, and sometimes assume the brightest blue, the most brilliant vermilion, and other vivid tints. The group is called Auriculanni, from some of the most characteristic being ear-shaped. We have hitherto seen, at least in the higher forms, some- thing like a pileus, which indeed may gradually be attached by its upper surface, so as to present to the eye nothing more than the hymcnium. There is however a group in which the pileus vanishes altogether, so that the club-shaped receptacle is covered with the fructifying surface. If the stem is branched, we may have every variety of tree-like form. The yellow Cla- varia fastigiata of our meadows, or the white, candle-like bundles, Clavaria vermiculata, so common on our lawns in autumn, are examples familiar to every observer of Nature. (See Plate 18, fig. 2, 3, 4, 5.) In the one case, each plant is simple ; in the other, the whole presents a strongly branched and closely packed mass. Here, again, we have the most beautiful colouring, though several of the finest European spe- cies have not yet been noticed in our Avoods. One or two common species occur on sticks or fallen trunks, which are decidedly gelatinous in point of texture and consistence. These Fungi are named Clavati, from their club-like form. There yet remains another group of allied Fungi, distin- 10 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGY. guished by the predominance of the gelatinous element. Rotten sticks in onr hedges or woods often present bright, tremulous, gelatinous masses of bright-orange, purple, or dark-brown, which at once attract our notice, while the trunks of the elder and some other trees afford ear-shaped, flaccid masses, which almost escape notice when dry, but with the first shower are exposed to the most careless observer. Sometimes, again, on an old stump, or at the base of a living oak, enormous masses are found resembling the convolute intestines of some ani- mal, but distinguished by their rich ferruginous or yellowish tints. These Fungi are very curious in point of structure, but at present I am only endeavouring to give a general view of the different objects which form the immediate study of the Fungologist. The Fungi of this group are called Tremellini, fi'om their soft, flaccid character. (See Plate 18, fig. 0, 7, 8.) These six groups form subdivisions of one great association of Fungi, characterized by their hymenium being more or less exposed, and at the same time bearing naked Spores at- tached to the tips of certain cells called Sporophores (Plate 1, fig. I.e.), and distinguished from other Fungi with an exposed hymenium in which the reproductive bodies are contained in sacs called asci, and have the name of Sporidia (Plate 1, fig. 2. a. b.) . These distinctions can be ascertained only by the mi- croscope ; but a very little practice will at once decide which structure prevails in the larger and more conspicuous species. The general name of the division is Hymenomycetes, the hy- menium being the prominent character. The hymenium, or fructifying surface, has hitherto been more or less exposed. It may indeed at first be concealed, but ultimately it has free access to the air, though, except in the lower species, not to the light. The second main division of Fungi has, on the contrary, the fructifying surface con- PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS. 11 cealed, till the sac in which it is contained is ruptured for the dispersion of the spores. This division has received the com- mon name of Gasteromycetes. The Puff-balls are the most ge- nerally known example. Some of the most curious and typical genera in this division do not occur in this country. Very few of my readers will probably have observed the underground species which constitute the first British group of this second division. They abound however in many parts of England^ and may be detected like little tubers by simply raking the surface. One of the largest, Melanogaster Broo- meianvs is commonly sold as a substitute for Truffles in the market at Bath, and may be familiar to some. They differ, however, materially in structure from real Truffles, as will be seen hereafter. If the stem of a Boletus were removed^ and the pileus contracted into a ball, so as to conceal the hyme- nium entirely, we should have a tolerable representation of one of one of these tubers, especially if the tubes should become complicated and sinuous and constantly cross one another. Indeed, so much is this the case, that the beautiful orange- coloured species, Hydnangium carotcecolor, was first taken for a diseased Boletus, and on the contrary, a badly dried diseased Boletus has been inserted in my own herbarium as an Hydnan- gium.^ This first group is called Hypogm, from the subterra- neous growth of the species which it comprises. A very curious group of Fungi is closely connected with these, though the similarity is visible only in a young state ; I mean the Phalli (Plate 20, fig. 3) . We have but few spe- cies in this country ; but one is the pest of pleasure-grounds, as at Kew, from its odious smell. In a young state they re- semble eggs. The pileus (if it may so be called) is closely * We have no British representative of the Podaxliiel, whieh resemble in many respects Boleti and Agarics. 12 OUTLINES or BRITISH FUNGOLOGY. confined Avithin a tliick volva, the inner substance of Avhich is gelatinous, and in tliis state a distinct hymcninm is visible, constructed as in the preceding group. Soon however the volva bursts, and the hymenium dissolves into a loathsome, fetid mass, Avhich is eagerly devoured by flies. Clatkrus cancellatus, one of the most beautiful of Fungi, lias been de- tected in the south of England and Ireland. Its beauty how- ever scarcely compeusates for its detestable smell. Some of the foreign species of this group when fresh are exquisitely beautiful, but all, I believe, partake more or less of the dis- gusting odom-. These Fungi are called collectively Phalloidei, from the typical genus Phallus. Every one is acquainted ^vith the Puff'-balls, which by means of the curious but very rare genus Batarrea, are connected with the Phalli. When young their hymenium resembles the crumb of bread ; but they soon lose their primitive condition, and pass from a cellular to a semi-liquid state, and then to the chisty condition which is known to every child. The common Puff-balls are occasionally interesting objects, from the beautiful warts or prickles with which they are adorned, but they are far exceeded in interest by the starry Puff-balls, Geaster (Plate 20, fig. 4), which from their comparative rarity are little known to general observers. They however sometimes occur in considerable abundance, and never, fail to excite the admiration of all lovers of beautiful forms. There is another genus, Sclei'oderma (Plate 15, fig. 4), which can scarcely have failed to attract notice from the frequency of one onion-shaped species on lawns. The species are darker in colour than the Puff-balls, and differ in their thicker, more persistent coat [pei'idium) , and compact mass of spores. The subdivision is named Trichogastres, from the hairs or threads which in most cases accompany the spores. PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS. 13 The Piiff-ballsj it was remarked, were in their first condi- tion cellular, though so dusty when mature. A large group of Fungi, containing multitudes of the most exquisite micro- scopic objects, is distinguished by the early condition being creamy, or mucilaginous. They differ in many respects from other Fungi, and especially because they seem often quite inde- pendent of the substance on which they are developed. One species, for instance, was discovered by Schweinitz, in America, growing on iron which had been red-hot only a few hours be- fore. I can myself answer for the true nature of the produc- tion, as 1 possess a portion of the original specimen. I have seen specimens again of another species, growing on a leaden cistern at Kew, from M'hich it could derive no nutriment. Another was found by Sowerby, on cinders, on the outside of the dome of St. Paul's. In consequence of this and of some peculiarities in the substance of which they are formed, re- sembling that of which certain Infusoria are composed, a very excellent observer, Dr. de Bary, has lately expressed a formal opinion that they are animals ; but a sufficient answer to this is the fact that some of the species contain spiral vessels, and have their spores surrounded by a distinct sac, exactly as in an abnormal condition of Hymenangiwn (Plate 1, fig. 3, 6). The most familiar example is that of the yellow, frothy, and ultimately dusty substance which is so common on the tan of stoves, and which is the plague of cultivators. Some species of Reticularia also are so large as to attract notice, especially R. maxima, which sometimes runs over cucumber-beds, over- whelming everything in its path, and choking the plants. Spumaria mucilago is another conspicuous Fungus of the group, which is far from uncommon on the stems of grasses. Most however of the species are too small to attract general notice, though from the elegance of their form and brilliancy 14 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGY. of colouring they occasionally command attention, notwith- standing their diminutive size. The species are called Myxo- gastres, from their early mucilaginous condition. There yet remains another very singular and distinct group of closely allied Fungi, which contains but a few British species. These however are so curious or beautiful, that they never fail to command admiration. One of them, Cyathus vei-nicosus, is common in turnip-fields or amongst stubble, re- sembling little cup-shaped sacs, full of eggs ; and two others are by no means rare, on dead fern-stems, sticks, etc. A smaller Fungus, Sphcerobolus stellatus (Plate 21, fig. 2), is remarkable for its expanding like a little star, and shooting out with prodigious foi'ce by the inversion of its inner mem- brane, a globose mass, which contains the fruit, just like a shell from a mortar. These Fungi are known under the com- mon name of Nidulariei, from the nest-like appearance of the more typical species. (See Plate 21, fig. 1, and Plate 2, fig. 2, 3.) We now come to a large division of Fungi, of which little is known to the general observer, because almost all its species are so small, and in general so devoid of external beauty, that it is only the lover of the microscope who is at pains to study them. A large portion of them are to the naked eye mere black specks upon leaves, twigs, etc., though the structure of their spores is often very curious. Many, it is believed, are nothing more than conditions of some of the Fungi which are comprised in the fifth great division of these plants. Some of them have their spores contained in a distinctly organized cyst (perithecium) ;* others arc merely concealed under the bark or cuticle, while others are completely exposed. In the former * The word perithecium more properly applies, according to its etymology, to the Sphceriacei and their close allies, but it would be refining needlessly to give the organ a distinct name here. PHKLIMINARY OHSERVATIONS. 15 case the spores are usually simple, in the latter they are often arranged in necklace-like threads of greater or less tenacity. The general name of the division is Coniomycetes, from the dust-like nature of the spores. The four first groups are known under the names of Sphcuronemei, Melanconiei, Phragmotri- chacei, and Torulacei, the characters of which will be given in the systematic portion of the work. I can point out no popu- lar representatives of these subdivisions. My more immediate object is simply to give some general notion of the plants comprised in the term Fungi, avoiding as much as possible all microscopic characters. There is still another important group, consisting of two divisions, Puccinicei and Cteomacei, of which a few species have been long observed, though their real nature is often mis- taken, — I mean the Rust, Smut, and Mildew so prevalent and injurious to our corn-crops, besides a host of species which infest other plants while still in a living state. In two genera of this group the parasites obtain such large dimensions, and are of so bright a colour, that they can scarcely escape notice where they abound. To this are referable the jelly-like masses on the different species of Juniper (Tab. 2, fig. 4, 5), which not only resemble the gelatinous Tremella in outward aspect, but in some points of structure, proving clearly the connection of the whole group of parasites with the higher Fungi, and stultifying the views of those who regard these productions as mere states of the cellular tissue of the plants on which they are developed. Of these Fungi there are two groups. The Puccinicei, to which the Wheat Mildew belongs, distinguished by their articulate spores (Plate 1, fig. 4), and Caomacei, containing the Bunt, Rust, and other simple-spored, truly parasitic, dust-like Fungi (Plate 1, fig. 5). Every one is acquainted with the large division of Fungi 16 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGY. which follows, consisting of those ]\Ioulds which bear naked fruit, and are known under the name of Hyphomycetes, from their filamentous character. The Blue- mould of cheese and paste, and the common species which run over preserves and other stores are familiar examples. Some are so bright in colour and form such compact masses that they readily at- tract notice ; but there are few, if any, which do not require the use of the microscope, even for the accurate examination of their outward forms. Some of these Moulds, again, are mere conditions of other Fungi. Though difficult of exami- nation, they amply repay investigation. They are divided into five groups, Isariei, Stilbacei, Dematiei, Mucedines, and Sejje- doniei, of which it is not easy to give popular examples. The first two contain species in which the threads of which the plants are composed are closely compacted, so as in some cases to make them resemble the Clavate Fungi mentioned above (p. 9). The red Fungus, so common in gardens on dead currant-branches, forming little scarlet, cushion-like masses, is a good example of the second."^ The species of the third division consist of loose threads, which are mostly dark, as if carbonized ; while the white or purer coloured Moulds consti- tute the fourth. The typical genus of the last sul)division, Sepedonium, is familiar to many, from its transforming the Boleli of our woods into a bright-yellow spongy mass. This terminates the first scries of Fungi, consisting of four divisions, in which the fructifying bodies are naked and ex- posed. There are, however, other plants included in the term, which differ greatly in structure, but many of which are readily recognized by the common observer as true Fungi, while others are as minute and obscure as the black specks noticed before. At present we are looking principally to outward characters. It * This, liowcvor, is probably merely a state of Nectria cinnahanna. PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS. 17 is necessary however to remark, that these productions, instead of naked spores, have fructifying bodies {sporidia) enclosed in sacs [asci or sjjoraui/ia) . (Plate 1, fig. 2.) In those Fungi of the second scries which have asci, the receptacle which bears the fructifying stratum, whether exposed or concealed from view, is more or less complicated in struc- ture, while in those which have sporangia, it is loosely fila- mentous, as in Muced'mes. In a few instances however the sporangia themselves are cellular ; but in such cases the true nature of the productions is often somewhat doubtful. On these grounds we have two primary divisions, — Ascomycetes and Physomycetes, whose names are indicative of their distinct characters of ascus-bearing and sporangium-bearing Fungi. The first group, of Ascomycetes, which meets us, is that which is best known, as it includes such productions as the Morel, and the large Peziz(e (Plate 22, fig. 4, 5, 6), or cup-shaped Fungi, which attract admiration from their form and colours. The scarlet Peziza, common in some districts on sticks, the orange Peziza of wood, the vesicular Peziza of hot-beds, are all well-known examples, and there are many others of va- riable size and beauty which will reward researches in our woods. One of the most curious, Peziza venosa (Plate 22, fig. 6), is a common inhalntant of the naked soil in woods or gardens in spring, some inches in breadth, and remarkable for its wrinkled hymcnium and nitrous odour. The leading spe- cies of the group are mitre-shaped or club-shaped ; but the hymcnium, and the receptacle on which it is spread, by va- rious gradations, at length form a perfect cup, which in the higher species is borne upon a stem, but in others is perfectly sessile or expanded, in which case it resembles closely those Fungi of the Gill-bearing division, which present a smooth, even hymcnium {Auricidarini) . These Fungi are called collec- c 18 OUTLINES or liRlTISII FUNGOLOGY. tively Elvellacei, from tlie typical genus Helvella (Plate 21, fig. 4). A few of the PezizcB arc subterranean in their habits^, and thus pave the way for the Truflfles {Tuberacei) (Plate 23, fig. 2), which grow completely beneath the surface, answering to Hij- pogcBi, p. 11, and which are well-known objects of commerce. These vary greatly in structure and in the nature of their fruit. The more common have a rough corrugated surface, like the fruit of a Pine-apple, but others are perfectly even. To these succeed a host of hard or coriaceous species, of which scarcely any attract general notice. One of the most conspicuous is the round, black Fungus [Rhytisma acerinum), so common on the leaves of difierent species of maples. The group is distinguished by the common name of Phacidiacei, from the genus Phacidium, of which a pretty species grows on dead oak and beech leaves. These are followed by an enormous mass of plants, specimens of which occur on almost every stick or stalk which we can pick up in our hedges, woods, or gardens. Some of the finest occur on insects. Those of our own country are in general but little known ; but there are few of my readers who have not seen the Caterpillar Fungus of New Zealand, which is one of the finest in the section. One of the commonest examples is af- forded by the old Sphceria Hypoxylon, which grows at the base of stakes, gate-posts, etc., looking like the snufi* of a candle. We have one or two larger species, but not so generally knoTvjn. Some recommend themselves to notice by their colour, as Nectria chinabarrinu, which is so common on old sticks in gardens ; but the attraction of many consists entirely in the structure of their fruit. The exotic species, which are very abundant, are often remarkable for beauty and singu- larity. These Finigi are called Sphceriacei. The club-shaped PRELIMINAKY OliSIilRVATlONS. 19 species are distinguished from Clavaria by their haying their fruit contained in perithecia, which are very conspicuous be- neath the cuticle when the plant is divided. A very distinct division contains some of the productions which are commonly known under the name of IMildew. These in a young state are white and mealy, and are known as Hop Mildew, Rose Mildew, etc. ; but as they grow, they form first yellow, then black, speek-like sacs, which contain a different form of fruit. These sacs are attached to abundant filaments, and therefore approach somewhat in appearance to INIoulds. They are called Pc'risporiacei, from the typical genus Perisporium. There is yet another small group, of which one genus con- sists of Fungi Avhich grow principally on animal substances, as decaying hoofs, horns, feathers, etc. These, however, are not very common, and are therefore little known. The group is called Onygenei, a name alluding to the growth of one of the species on hoofs of animals. We have still another set of productions which rank amongst Fungi, some of which are popularly known. They are the Sporangium-bearing Fungi noticed above, p. 17. They consist of two groups only, the first of which comprises the dark felt- like Fungi, which run over the leaves of living trees. They arc uncommon in Great Britain, and it is probable that they are, in general, conditions of other Fungi. They are called Anten- nariei, from the threads of some of them when magnified re- sembling the antennse of beetles. The other contains those Moulds which have distinct sacs on their threads, and not naked spores. The common INIoulds of paste and of rotting pears are well-known instances. The finest British example is Mucor nitens, which grows on fatty substances, and attains a considerable size. Most of the species, however, are merely microscopic objects. c 2 20 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGY. Sucli, on a general review, are the objects which engage the study of the Fungologist. He will not at first, perhaps, be able in every case to assert at once, without danger of mistake, that any given production is a Fungus, because some of the Lichens, or even Algae, come so near to Fungi. But this is true only of a limited number of plants which will not natu- rally come under his investigation at first. There are multi- tudes which he can determine satisfactorily without the aid of anything more than a common lens, and to these he will do well to pay attention in the first instance. If he wishes to become acquainted with structm'e, he must have recourse to a microscope, and he will then be able better to appreciate the nice shades which separate Fungi from neighbouring classes of the Vegetable Kingdom. It is a most fatal error in the student to attach himself in the first instance to the naming of every black speck he may chance to find, without a precise knowledge of structure ; for in this case he is sure to end as a mere collector, without any title to the name of Fungologist. It may be well to present in a tabular form the general outline which has been presented to my readers, noticing where practicable popular examples of each division. SPORIFEROUS FUNGI. 1. HYMENOMYCETES. a. Agaricini. Mushroom. Chantarelle. b. Polyporei. Sap-balls. c. Hydnei. Spine-bearing Fungi. d. Auricularini. Stercum of Oak and Poplar. e. Clavati. Clavaria. f. Tremellini. Jew's-ear. 2. GASTEKOMYCETES. a. Hypogcei. Red Truffle of Bath. No popular types. PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS. 21 b. PhaUoidei. Common Stinkhorn. c. Trichogastres. Puff-balls. d. Myxogastres. Dust Fungus of tanpits. e. Nidulariei. Birds'-ncst Peziza. 3. CONIOMYCETES. a. Spharonemei. b. Melanconiei. c. Phr'agmotricliacei. d. Torulacei. e. Puccinim. Wheat Mildew. f. Caeomacei. Smut. Bunt. 4. HYPHOMYCETES. a. Isariacei. Insect Club Mould. b. Stilbacei. Scarlet Tubcrcularia. c. Deniatiei. Carbonized Moulds. d. Mucedines. Blue Mould. Yeast and Vinegar Fungus. e. Sepedoniei. Yellow Boletus Mould. SPORIDIIFEROUS FUNGI. 5. ASCOMYCETES. a. Elvellacei. Morel. b. Tuberacei. Truffle. c. Phacidiacei. Maple Mould. d. Sphmiacei. Candle-snuff Fungus. e. Perisporiacei. Hop Bliglit. f. Onygenei. Hoof Fungus. 6. PHY'SOMYCETES. a. Antennariei. Felt Moulds. b. Mucorini. Bread Mould, Pear Mould. 22 CHAPTER II. NATURE OF FUNGI. Having given some general notions of the objects of which it is proposed to render an account in this vokime, I proceed to such considerations as to their nature^ mode of growth, propagation, uses, properties, distribution, and structure, as may come within the scope of an essentially popular treatise, and so far as they can be explained without entering into abstruse discussions, which require a considerable portion of previous knowledge. The most prominent question which arises naturally may be stated as follows : — Are these productions members of the Vegetable Kingdom equally with the leaf-bearing plants with which we are all so familiar ; are the species as truly species as those which we meet with amongst them, or are Fungi mere creatures of accident, without any stability of character, and incapable of any rational arrangement ? Taking Fungi as a whole, there is not a shadow of doubt as to their being true vegetables. Discussions, indeed, once took place in consequence of erroneous observations respect- ing some supposed spontaneous motion in their reproduc- tive bodies, as seen under the microscope, as to whether they might not be built up by little animals after the fashion NATURE OF FUNGI. 23 of corals; but it is now perfectly certain that such notions were ill-founded, and that these bodies agree in the main principles of growth and structure with other vegctaljles. In several species the complete progress from the minute spore to the perfect plant has been traced step by step, till the circle has been complete, and the new spore ready again for reproduction. In one group alone, as stated above (p. 13), doubts exist as to the real nature of the objects it contains, because the general mass does not usually consist of real fila- ments or cells, and the substance of which they are composed is of a different chemical nature from that which forms the framework of all known vegetables."^ Ultimately, however, true cells are always produced, and in one genus spiral vessels ; and both Mr. Broome and myself have in certain genera ob- served distinct sacs growing from the fundamental framework and not from the mere slimy mass which it encloses, in which the spores are developed, and sometimes from a specifie point, as in the higher Fungi (Plate 1, fig. 6), the free portion of the spore being rough with granules, while the inner portion, from its contact with other spores, is smooth.f Besides, in Lijco- gala terrestris there is as distinct a fibrillose spawn penetra- ting the soil as in any Lycoperdon (see Corda, fasc. 6, t. 2, fig. 37; and text, p. 15). Fries, moreover, in a letter received while writing this, calls my attention to the early stage of the fructiferous cells in the genus Polysaccum, and to tlie amorphous, unctuous, semiliquid state of young Polyporas Schweinitzii, resembling closely that of an infant JEthalium. Though, however, I have myself little doubt as to these pro- ductions being vegetables, as well as other Fungi, and I am * It is something like the "earcode" of Dujardiii, and not "cellulose." t Exactly as in the achenia of many Composita, as, for example, in those of Rhagadiolus. 24 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGY. supported iu this view by Fries^ than whom no one is more eminent for tact and nice discrimination, it is right that I shoukl not speak too positively, as the two brothers Tulasne, wlio have contributed so much to our knowledge of Fungi, incline rather, as it should seem, to De Bary's views, which they corroborate in some degree by the fact that many of these productions contain in their outer coat such a notable quantity of carbonate of lime, that a strong effervescence takes place on the application of sulphuric acid. Setting, however, the Myxogastres aside, there is now no question as to the rest. As regards mere substance and duration, undoubted Phmnogams vary almost as much as Fungi themselves, while one or two groups of Phcenogams, as Rafflesiacece and Balanophorce, of which an example is given (Plate 2, fig. 8), approach in form, substance, parasitic growth, comparative simplicity of structure, etc., in many respects to Fungi. But notwithstanding such peculiarities, they are as truly Phcenogams as plants of other Orders, while in Fungi there is a character which we believe is wholly without exam- ple amongst Phanogams, viz. that they absorb oxygen when exposed to light, and give out carbonic acid, in which parti- cular they resemble animals. As regards the second point, whether the species are as definite as in other acknowledged parts of the Vegetable King- dom, I answer without a moment's hesitation that there is in most cases far less diflficulty in determining the limits of species. Amongst the Polypori, indeed, the limits are often very difficult to recognize, but if we take the large group of Agarics and its allies, with a few exceptions only, it may without doubt be asserted that more certain species do not exist in any part of the organized world than amongst Fungi. The same species constantly recur in the same places, and NATUUE OF FUNGI. 40 if kinds not hitherto detected present themselves^ they are either such as are well known in other districts, or species which have been overlooked, and which are found on better experience to be widely diffused. There is nothing like chance about their characters or growth. It is quite astonishing how few new species have been met with in Sweden since the pub- lication of the 'Epicrisis' of Fries in 1838, though acute bo- tanists have studied them most accurately in the course of the last twenty years, and especial attention has been lately paid to them with a view to making as complete a collection as possible of drawings of the fleshy or softer Fungi for the Museum at Stockholm, and of the few novelties which have turned up, some have already occurred elsewhere.'^ It is therefore almost useless to advert to the third notion, though a very common one, which would regard these pro- ductions as the creatures of chance, or of a happy concurrence of circumstances favourable to their growth from inorganic elements. It is true that they often occur in unexpected situations, and from their extreme rapidity of development, sometimes seem as if they could not have originated from anything like seed ; but as accurate inquiries have now thrown light upon much of the mystery in which the origin of intes- tinal worms was but lately involved, so the phenomena which attend the growth of Fungi arc gradually receiving light, and they are found to follow essentially the same laws as more perfect vegetables. The notion of equivocal or spontaneous generation, indeed, is now all but exploded amongst scientific men. The most careful experiments show that, without pre-existent germs, * Copies of many of these drawings have been forwarded to me by the kind- ness of Fries, and from these I have ah-eady been enabled to recognize one of the very few new species {Agaricus gliodermus) as British. 26 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOI.OGY. no organized beings are ever produced from such solutions as contain matters fit to nourish minute animals or vegetables, though where proper precautions have not been taken to ex- clude the possibility of their access, they exist in myriads. That the spores of Fungi do get access somehow or other into very unexpected places is quite another question, and, like many other obscure matters of natural histoiy, may some time or other meet with an easy explanation.^ * Since the above was written, Do Bary has stated his views more explicitly respecting the Myxogastres. In Lijcogala epidendruyn he figures filaments very like those of Dasyglaa, a genus of fresh-water Algae. It appears also, as Mr. Currey has seen in Trichia, that the young germinating spores in many species assume the characters of zoospores ; but this does not prove that tliese productions are animals any more than that those Algee in which zoospores occur, are so. StiU less does the existence of sarcode tend to this conclusion, when it is remembered that cellulose, the peculiar distinctive mark in vegetable structure, occurs in undoubted animals. 27 CHAPTER III. HABITATS OF FUNGI. It is difficult to point out any substance or situation where conditions exist capable of supporting vegetation, in which Fungi, in one or other of their forms, may not be developed. The general notion is that Fungi are essentially the creatures of decay ; but this notion arises only from a very limited ap- prehension of the objects comprised under the name ; for not only do we find them on putrescent logs or vegetables, but they occur sometimes on bare flints, on glass, — as on our window-panes and the lenses of microscopes, — or even on smooth metallic surfaces ; but they establish themselves also in the most poisonous solutions, and in fluids where no de- composition has at present taken place. But more than this, they are found on living structures, whether animal or vege- table, at whose expense they grow. About fifteen years since, when so much was said and written about Fungi in conse- quence of the interest which was attached to the potato mur- rain, it was a favourite dictum, even amongst men of some pretensions to science, that Fungi could not grow upon healthy substances. It is, however, now a well-established fact that the most healthy tissues may be affected by Fungi, though they rapidly become diseased under their influence. Deferring 28 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGY. for the present the consideration of this iufluencej I shall simply indicate some of the peculiar situations in which Fungi are occasionally found. Amongst the higher Fungi, the Coprini (Plate 12, fig. 1), and those species oi Ayaricus, as for example A. disseminatus, which are most nearly allied to them, are most capricious in their habitats. Old damp carpets, naked walls, pestilential drains entu'ely concealed from sight, and other anomalous situations, are amongst those in which they assume an occa- sional habitat, their proper place for the most part being decayed wood, or the dung of graminivorous animals, which closely resembles it in the Fungi which it nom-ishes. As the Coprini are amongst the most rapid in their growth of any Fungi, as every one knows who has watched their progress in a new hot-bed, they sometimes appear in the most unexpected situations. It is, for instance, not very uncommon to find them on the dressings of amputated limbs, and surgeons are in consequence sometimes very unjustly charged with negli- gence by persons who are not acquainted with the speed with which a Coprimes may pass through every stage of growth from the spore to the perfect pileus. Where these plants — as, for example, Coprinus radiatus and Agaricus disseminatus — are developed on bare walls, they throw out an enormous quantity of mycelium, in order to avail themselves as much as possible of the moisture of the surrounding air. Though Fungi cannot exist without a certain degree of moisture, they suffer in general from its excess. A few spe- cies, however, are never found except on substances immersed in water. The beautiful scarlet Mitrula paludosa, which is the ornament in summer of every little quiescent drain in some parts of Wales, uniformly grows on leaves or other decayed vegetable matter floating in water, while Vibrissea HABITATS OF FUNGI. 29 truncorum, so remarkable for shooting out its long thread- like sporidia under the influence of the sun^ is found on im- mersed logs or sticks. A fine Sphceria, not yet observed in this country, is found in Algiers on submarine pluenogams, and other instances occur where the daily wash of salt-water has not prevented the growth of Fungi. The ubiquitous Sph(Bria herbarum flourishes even on seaweed thrown up by the waves. I am not at liberty to reckon as Fungi the curious Moulds which grow on dead fish, making them conspicuous as they float on the surface of the water by the foggy halo which sur- rounds them. These productions difier so essentially in their mode of reproduction from Fungi in general, that at present it would be rash to speak too positively about them ; but, in- asmuch as their peculiar characters seem to depend entirely upon the degree of moisture to which they are exposed, there is some reason to hesitate and to m ait for further iuformation. I have no doubt that the Mould which is so common on flies in autumn, oozing out as it were between their abdominal rings, is a mere condition of one of these anomalous produc- tions. Nay, it was known long since that the same animal which, when immersed in water, produced one of these puzzling plants, when exposed to a slight degree of moisture gave birth to a true Mucor, or Mould. A gigantic Mould, of a dark shining green when dry, ap- pears frequently on casks, or on the walls in oil-mills. The same species occurs sometimes in great abundance on casks of grease, flourishing in the most wonderful degree, and ulti- mately exhausting to a great depth the substance in which it grows. As it is far larger than any of the common species of Mucor which grow on fruit or decaying vegetables, it was long considered as belonging to a distinct genus, under the 30 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGY. name of Phycomyces ; but this notion is now abolished^ and it takes its place as the prince of these powers of putrescence. One of the most curious properties of certain Fungi is their capability of growth in substances which arc in general de- structive to vegetables. Tannin is one of these substances, and yet a Fungus very frequently makes its appearance on the wood with which the tan-pits are lined. It is perhaps not so surprising, that many species prefer spent tan to almost any other substance, though even this does not seem favourable to phaenogams, except so far as it is useful in raising the tempe- rature of the houses in which they grow. Many vegetable poisons, as opium, though innocuous to the plants by which they are produced so long as they remain in their proper cells or receptacles, are positively destructive when mixed with the fluid which is taken up by their roots. More than one species of Fungus, however, is developed on extracted opium, and the factories in India have suffered greatly from their presence. Solutions of arsenic, sulphate of iron, sulphate of copper, etc., though highly concentrated, do not prevent the growth of some Fungi of a low order, though at once destruc- tive to others. A few years since, a little Mould, developed in the solution of copper used for electrotyping in the depart- ment of the Coast Survey of Washington, proved an into- lerable nuisance. Strange to say, it decomposes the salt, assi- milating the sulphuric acid, and rejecting the copper, which is deposited round its threads in a metallic form.^ These pro- ductions, indeed, are sometimes referred to Algee, from their submersed mode of growth; but they are mostly common species of Mould, and very distantly related to Alg. In woods, especially fir-woods. Common. This species varies, with white and yellowish gills. A. millus, Sow., is a form of this, or of one of the following species. AGARICINI. 101 48. A. (Tricholoma) scalpturatus, Fr. ; pilous fleshy, at first subconical, broken up into floccose, umber or rufous scales ; stem stuffed, unequal, -white, fibrillose ; gills cmargi- nate, rather crowded, quite entire, white, becoming yellowish. — A. argyraccus, Eng. Fl. (pro ijarte.) Fir plantations, borders of woods, etc. 49. A. (Tricholoma) saponaceus, Fr.; strong- scented, firm; pileus rather compact, at first convex, obtuse, dry, smooth, then rimoso-squamose or dotted ; margin from the first naked ; stem solid, unequal ; gills uneinato-cmarginatc, distant, thin, quite entire, changing from white to pallid, sometimes greenish. — A. argyraeeus, Fng. Fl. in part ; Bull, t. 602. In woods. This species, A. scalpturatus, and A. ramentaceuii, which latter differs in the presence of a ring, are all included in the ' English Flora' under the name of A. argyraeeus. A. graveolens, Sow., must be sought for under A. gambosus. 50. A. (Tricholoma) meleagris, Soiv. ; pileus fleshy, thin, convex, then plane ; cuticle broken up into black scales ; flesh turning red; stem solid, squaraulose, thickened downwards, and black, solid ; root reticulated ; gills nearly free. — Sow. t. 171. On hotbeds. Not sufiicientl}^ known. Intermediate in characters between Lepiota and Tricholoma, but apparently destitute of a veil. 51. A. (Tricholoma) cartilagineus, Bull.; cartilaginous, clastic, rather brittle; pileus fleshy, convex, gibbous, undu- lated, smooth ; cuticle rimulose, finely dotted with black ; stem stuffed, equal, stout, lineato-striate, somewhat mealy; gills slightly emargiuate, adnexed, crowded, pallid. — Bull. t. 589. /. 2. In grassy spots. East Bergholt, l)r. Badliam. Nov. 1855. Smell like that of new flour. 102 OUTLINES OF HRITISII FUNGOLOGY. 52. A. (Tricholoma) cuneifolius, Fr. ; extremely brittle ; pileus smooth at first, but soon cracked ; stem hollow, atte- nuated downwards, pruinose above ; gills thin, crowded, Avhite, broad in front, obliquely truncate, attenuated behind, with a decurrcnt tooth.— 5?///. t. 580 A, B. In pastures. Not uncommon. About one inch across. Surface of the pileus rufous where not broken up ; stem white. Smell like that of new meal. 53. A. (Triclaoloma) sulfureus, Bull. ; strong-scented ; pi- leus fleshy, unequal, subumbonate, at first slightly silky, then smooth and even; stem stuffed, nearly equal, slightly striate, sulphur-coloured, as well as the distant gills. (Plate 4, fig. 4.) —Sotv. t. 44. In woods. Common. Smell like that of gas-tar, or Heme- rocallis flava. 54. A. (Tricholoma) bufonius, P. ; strong-scented ; pileus fleshy, subumbonate, at first slightly silky, then smooth, opaque, punctato-rugose ; stem stuffed, nearly equal, floccu- lose ; gills arcuato-subdecurrent, rather distant, of a yellow-tan colour.— 5m//. /. 545. /. 2, C. In pine-woods. Coed Coch, Mrs. JVynne. Pileus purplish, brownish, tan-coloured, etc. 55. A. (Tricholoma) lascivus, Fr.; pileus fleshy, obtuse, somewhat depressed, at first silky, then smooth and even; stem solid, equal, stiff, rooting and tomentose at the base, Avhite, as well as the close arcuate adnexed gills. In woods. Canterbury. Smell like that of the two last. Pileus pale-tan ; flesh white. 5G. A. (Tricholoma) inamoenus, Fr. ; strong-scented; pi- leus fleshy, somewhat umljonate, slightly silky at first, then smooth and even; stem solid, rooting, white, as well as the very distant arcuato-affixcd and decurrent gills. AGARICINI. 103 111 woods. Not uncommon. Pilcus white, with a slight tiiigc of ochre, often minutely cracked. Stem not always rooting. Smell like that of the last. 57. A. (Tricholoma) immundus, n.s.; csespitosc, flesliy; pileus at first convex, dirty white, stained with bistre, mi- nutely silky ; margin inflexed, silky or minutely scabrous and squamulose ; stem fibrillose, of the same colour as the pileus ; gills subcinereous, with a pinkish tinge, marked with trans- verse lines, emarginate. Amongst short grass, on sheep's dung. On the top of Moelfre-uchaf, Denbighshire, Oct. 1859. Pileus 2 inches or more across. Every part blackish Avhen bruised. Border deflexed ; spores white. Fries, to whom specimens were sent, compares this with A. gangnpnosus and A. graveolens, but it seems distinct from either. The figure of A. fumosus, Pers. Ic, gives some notion of its outward appearance. 58. A. (Tricholoma) ionides, Bull. ; pileus fleshy, at first campanulate, umbonate, even, nearly smooth, changing co- lour ; margin at first flocculose ; stem stuffed, elastic, attenu- ated, fibrillose; gills crowded, emarginate, with a decurrent tooth, thin, eroded, white, at length discoloured. — Bull. t. 533. /. 3. A. purpureus, Bolton, t. 41. In woods. Not found since the time of Bolton. 59. A. (Tricholoma) carneus, Bull.; pileus slightly fleshy, , obtuse, even, nearly smooth, becoming pallid ; stem short, stuffed, rigid, reddish like the pileus, thickened upwards, prui- nose ; gills very wide behind, rounded, crowded, white. — Bull, t. 533./. 1. In pastures. Not uncommon. Pileus seldom exceeding 1 inch, of a rufous pink. Stem minutely squamulose, often splitting, at length hollow. 101< OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGY. ** Moist or watery (hygroplianoiis). Veil, if jyresent, fugitive, pulverulent. GO. A. (Tricholoma) gambosus, Fr. ; pilcus very thick and fleshy, at first convex, obtuse, at length undulated, moist, smooth, spotted, at length cracked ; margin involute, at first flocculose, as well as the tip of the stout solid stem; gills emarginatc, with a little adnexed tooth, crowded, ventricose, yellowish-white. (Plate 4, fig. 5.) — Soiv. t. 281 ; Hiiss. i. t. 83. In pastures. May, June. Pileus white, or slightly tinged with ochre. Growing in rings. Eatable, and much approved by many. Varying considerably in size. Smell strong, like that of Folyporus squumosus. Sowerby's A. yraveolens is this spe- cies, as appears from his private notes. The true A. Georgii. 61. A. (Tricholoma) monstrosus, Sow. ; pileus fleshy, at first c(mvex and umbonate, at length waved and lobed, opaque as if whitewashed ; margin iuflexed ; stem compressed, solid,* streaked, opaque M'hite, tomentoso-squamulose above, slightly rooting; gills moderately distant, scarcely rounded behind, but not truly decurrent, cream-coloured. — Sow. t. 283. On the ground. Jedburgh, A. Jerdon, Esq. Near Nor- wich, Soiv. Often densely caspitose, and then not com- pressed. This cannot be A. hoi-ealis, Fr., as the pileus is always white. In Sowerby's figure it should be observed that the gills are represented as distinctly rounded. Probably es- culent. 62. A. (Tricholoma) albellus, DC. ; pileus smooth, at first conical, moist, spotted after the fashion of scales; disc compact, subunibonatc ; margin thin ; stem solid, ovato-bid- bous, fibrilloso-striate; gills crowded, entire, white, attenuated behind and adnexed, without any tooth, broader in front. — Sow. t. 122. AGARICINI. 105 Not found in Great Britain since the time of Sowerby, whose specimens — which are connato-crespitose and convex, not conical — belong to the smaller variet3^ Esculent. The specific character applies to the larger variety. Sowcrby's plant is simply discoloured when bruised. G3. A. (Trieholoma) albus^ Fr. ; pileus fleshy, at first con- vex, obtuse, snaooth, even, dry ; margin at first involute, at length repand ; stem firm, solid, elastic, equal, or attenuated below, smooth ; gills rounded behind, fixed, thin, crowded, broad, white. (Plate 4, fig. 6.)— Bull. t. 536. In woods. White, or shaded with yellow. Variable in size. 64. A. (Trieholoma) personatus, Fr. ; pileus at first com- pact, then soft, convex, obtuse, even, smooth, moist; margin at first involute, villoso-pruinose ; stem solid, blunt, somewhat bulbous, villous, stained with lilac ; gills rounded behind, at length free, dirty white. (Plate 5, fig. 1.) — Huss. ii. t. 40. In pastures. Common. Sold in Covent Garden as eat- able, but has been supposed to be occasionally dangerous. Varying a little in colour', but generally cinereous, and some- times confounded carelessly with Cortinarius violaccus. Bright- coloured specimens are sometimes difficult to distinguish from the next. 65. A. (Trieholoma) nudus, Bull. ; pileus rather thin, ob- tuse, smooth, moist, changing colour; margin inflexed, thin, naked ; stem stuffed, elastic, rather mealy ; gills rounded be- hind, then decurrent, crowded, narrow, violet, stained when old with reddish-brown. (Plate 4, fig. 7.) In plantations, woods, etc., es])ccially amongst pines. Smaller than the last, and brighter-coloured. 66. A. (Trieholoma) acerbus, Bull.; pileus fleshy, con- vex, obtuse, smooth, rather spotted ; margin thin, strongly 106 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGY. involute, sulcatc; stem solid, blimt, yellowish, squaraulose above ; gills erowded, emarginate, pale, then ratlicr rufous. — Bull. t. 571./. 2. In woods. Not comraon. King's CliflFe. SuflFolk, Dr. Bad- ham. Pileus 3-4 inches across ; white, tinged Avith yellow, at length stained. A very fine species. 67. A. (Tricholoma) cinerascens, Bull. ; pileus fleshy, convex, obtuse, smooth, even ; margin thin, naked, striate ; stem stuffed, elastic, nearly equal, smooth; gills crowded, rounded behind, somewhat undulated, easily separating from the pileus; white, then discoloured. — Bull. t. 428./. 2. In woods. Not uncommon. Four inches across, white, slightly shaded ; gills at length tinged with reddish-brown or yellow; spores white. Smell unpleasant. 68. A. (Tricholoma) grammopodius, Bull. ; pileus fleshy, at first campauulate, convex, then expanded and depressed, umbonate, smooth, moist ; stem stuffed, elastic, sulcate, smooth, attenuated upwards ; gills arcuate, adnate, crowded, white.— 5?^//. t. 548, 585./ 1; Huss. ii. t. 41. In pastures, forming rings. Large, brownish-grey. Bol- ton's t. 40 probably belongs to this species. 69. A. (Tricholoma) melaleiiciis, P. ; pileus thin, fleshy, convex, at length plane, obsoletcly lunbonate, smooth, moist, changing colour; stem stuffed, thin, elastic, nearly smooth, dirty, sprinkled with a few fibrils, thickened at the base ; gills emarginate, adnexed, ventricose, crowded, white. On the ground. King's Cliffe, on an asparagus-bed. In my specimens the stem is sometimes thickened, sometimes attenuated. 70. A. (Tricholoma) humilis, Fr. ; pileus fleshy, soft, um- bonate, then convexo-plane or depressed, even, smooth or pul- verulent, hygrophanous ; margin thin, reaching beyond the AGARICINI. 107 gills ; stem stuffed, pale, villoso-pulvcnilent ; gills rounded, with a decurrent tooth, crowded, ventricose, dirty white. On the ground, and amongst grass. This is A. blandus, Eng. n. The pileus is often pulverulent, and varies much in colour, according to its condition ; stem 2 inches high, 2 lines thick, brown within at the base. Frequently a very pretty species, perhaps too closely allied to A. brevipes. Klotzsch's figure, Fl. Regn. Bor. t. 374, seems just intermediate. 71. A. (Tricholoma) subpulverulentus, P.; pileus fleshy, at first convex, even, Avith an innate white pruinose lustre; margin iuflexed ; stem solid, equal, smooth, somewhat striate ; gills rounded, without any tooth, crowded, white. — Huss. ii. /. 39. In pastures. Not uncommon. About 2 inches across. Dirty Avhite or greyish, with a Avhite lustre. Subgenus 5. Clitocybe. — Stem elastic, with a fibrous outer coat ; gills decurrent or acutely adnata. * PiJens not clianging colour ivlien dry. 72. A. (Clitocybe) nebularis, Batsch ; pileus fleshy, com- pact, obtuse, even, clouded with grey, at length naked ; stem stuficd, firm, striate with little fibres ; gills arcuate, subdecur- rent, crowded, white, becoming pallid. — Grev. t. 9; Huss. ii. t. 9. In woods. Common. The clouded cinereous pileus is cha- racteristic. Pileus 3 inches across; stem stout. Esculent. 73. A. (Clitocybe) fumosus, P. ; subcartilaginous, rigid ; pileus fleshy, at first convex, obtuse, even, naked, turning pale ; cuticle adnate ; stem stuffed, unequal, somewhat prui- nose above, grey or dirty white, as are the rather crowded adnate gills. In woods and waste ground. Not common. Solitarv, or 108 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGY. densely efespitose. In the latter state it is the subspecies A. polms. It occurred abundantly in October^ 1859, at Coed Coch. 74. A. (Clitocybe) inornatus, Soio. ; pileus fleshy, plane or depressed, obtuse, even, smooth ; cuticle separable ; stem solid, nearly equal, smooth, firm, grey, as well as the adnate, plane, at length dccurrent, crowded gills. — Soiv. t. 342. Amongst grass. I have not met with this species. The separable cuticle indicates A. yrummopodius, but the gills are not in the least arcuato-adnatc. 75. A. (Clitocybe) vernicosus, Fr. ; pileus fleshy, depress- ed, obtuse, even, smooth, shining ; stem stuffed, equal, short, yellow, as well as the adnate, slightly dccurrent, rather distant gills.— -STom;. t. 36G. In fir-woods. Pileus 3 inches across. Not found in this country since the time of Sowerby. 76. A. (Clitocybe) odorus, Bull. ; dirty green, tough ; pi- leus fleshy, at length plane, even, smooth ; stem stuffed, un- equal, elastic, thickened at the base ; gills adnate, moderately distant, broad, pallid. — Sow. t. 42. In woods. Common. Easily known by its greenish colour and strong smell of aniseed ; stem smooth and downy. A. vi- ridis, With. (Bolton, t. 12. n. 10), is too doubtful to insert. Greville's figure has much greater right to be considered the same as Bull. 176, having narrow gills. The two supposed species are probably not distinct. 77. A. (Clitocybe) cerussatus, Fr. ; white ; pileus fleshy, at first convex, obtuse, even, moist, soon smooth ; stem spon- gy, solid, tough, elastic, naked; gills adnate, very crowded, thin, then dccurrent, and unchanged in colour. — Ft. Dan. t. 1796. ' In fir-woods. Not urabonate as A. opacus. Probably es- culent. AGARICINl, 109 78. A. (Clitocybe) phyllophilus, Fr. ; white ; pileus fleshy, soon depressed and umbilicate, even, dry, marked with a white lustre round the margin ; stem stuffed, then hollow, spongy, fibrous ; gills adnate, deeurrcnt, moderately distant, white, then yellowish. — VI. Dan. 1817. Amongst leaves, in woods. Distinguished from the last by its umbilicate pileus, and the gills ehanging at length to yellow. 79. A. (Clitoeybe) candicans, P. ; white ; pileus subcar- nose, at first convex, then plane or depressed, even, shining, with a thin dead-white film ; stem subfistulose, w^axy, shining, even ; gills adnate, crowded, thin, at length decurrent. Amongst leaves in woods. "When moist white, when dry dead-white. About 1 inch across. In the nature of the stem it approaches Omphalia. 80. A. (Clitoeybe) dealbatus, P. ; white ; pileus rather fleshy, at first convex, even, smooth, rather shining ; stem stuffed, fibrous, thin, equal, pruinose above ; gills adnate, crowded, thin, white. — Soiv. L 123. In fir plantations. Short, about an inch across, sometimes cup-shaped, innato-prninose under a lens. 81. A. (Clitoeybe) gallinaceus, Scop.; white, slightly acrid ; pileus rather fleshy, convex, then depressed, very ob- tuse, even, dry, opaque ; stem solid, equal, thin, even ; gills subdecurrent, crowded, thin. — Huss. i. t. 39. In pastures. Very common. Distinguished from the last by its opaque pileus and strong fungoid smell. The opacity arises from minute pubescence. About an inch across. — Bolton, t. 4, f. 2, is very doubtful. 82. A. (Clitoeybe) elixus, Soiv. ; pileus umbonate, at first convex, at length variously depressed, dingy, minutely tomen- tose and streaked ; stem even, nearly of the same colour as the pileus; gills decurrent, distant, white. — Sow. t. 172. 110 OUTLINES 0¥ BUITISII FUNGOLOGY. Ill woods. Pilcus 3 inches across, very bibulous; flesh dirty-white, soft. Formerly referred by Fries to Hyyrophorus caprimts, 83. A. (Clitocybe) opacus, JViih. ; white ; pileus fleshy, convex, expanded or depressed, umbonatc, even, covered with a floccose shining film; stem stuffed, subfibrillose, unequal, flexuous; gills adnate, decurrent, very eroM'ded, white. — Soiv. t. 142. In Avoods. Too nearly related to A. cerussatus. Remark- able for the silvery glaire with which it is clothed, which sometimes admits of being rubbed off". 84. A. (Clitocybe) giganteus, Soiv. ; pileus thin, ffeshy, splitting, clothed with minute matted down, at length squa- mulose, funnel-shaped; disc always depressed; stem solid, hard, blunt, equal, even ; gills very crowded, slightly decur- rent, changing from white to yellowish. — Sow. t. 244 ; Huss. i. /. 79. lu woods. Forming large rings. Not very common. Nearly a foot across. 85. A. (Clitocybe) infundibuliformis, ;Sc/<«//\ ; pileus thin, fleshy, at first convex, umbonatc, clothed with minute innate down, at length funnel-shaped, flaccid ; stem stuffed, soft, elastic; gills decurrent, moderately distant, white. (Plate 5, fig. 2.) On the sides of woods, amongst moss, etc. Extremely common. Pileus mostly of a pale reddish-tan, 2-3 inches across, often retaining traces of the umbo ; its edges occasion- ally plicate, at length soft. 86. A. (Clitocybe) geotrupus, Bull. ; pileus fleshy, convex, then broadly funnel-shaped, strongly rimbonate, compact, even, smooth ; stem solid, compact, fibrillose, attenuated up- wards; flesh white; gills crowded, deeurreut, unbranched, AGARICINI. Ill white, at length of the same colour as the pilous. — Grev. t. 41 ; Huss. i. t. G6. In woods and on their borders. Not uneommon, often forming rings. Pileus white, tan-coloured, etc. A. subin- volutus, Batseh, is a thicker, firmer, less funnel-shaped form, with the margin generally grooved, and the surface spotted from rain or dew. It is very good when dressed, and is ge- nerally found near fir-trees. Bolton's t. 22, with distant gills, is very doubtful, 87. A. (Clitocybe) inversus, Scoj). ; pileus fleshy, brittle, convex, then funnel-shaped, smooth ; margin thin, involute ; stem stuffed, thin, hollow, rather rigid, smooth ; flesh pallid ; gills decurrent, unbranched, pallid, at length of the same colour as the pileus. — Sow. t. 186. In fir-woods. "Not common. Pileus 2 inches across, not flaccid like the next ; brownish-red at first, then tan-coloured. Often caespitose. Sowerby's plant is unusually lobed. 88. A. (Clitocybe) flaccidus, Soiv. ; pileus thin, rather fleshy, flaccid, umbilicate, then funnel-shaped, even ; stem stuffed, unequal, rather flexuous, villous at the base ; gills de- current, crowded, arched, yellowish. — Sow. t. 185. In fir-woods. Not uncommon. Often densely ctespitose, and very handsome. Pileus bright in colour, sometimes streaked, flaccid when young. ** JPileus hygrophanous. 89. A. (Clitocybe) eyathiformis, Fr. ; pileus thin, de- pressed, then funnel-shaped, even, nearly smooth, moist, hy- grophanous; margin even, for a long time involute; stem stuficd, elastic, attenuated upwards, fibrillose, more or less re- ticulated; gills adnate, then decurrent, joined behind, dingy. —Sow. t. 363 : Huss. ii. t. 1. 112 OUTLINES OF nUlTIsn FUNGOLOGY. In meadows, etc. Very common late in the year. Pileus 2 inches across, variable in colonr, as arc the gills, generally of a dark brown or bistre. 90. A. (Clitocybe) brumaliSj F?:; inodorous; pileus rather fleshy, thin towards the margin, umbilicate, funnel-shaped, smooth, flaccid, hygrophanous ; margin reflexed, even ; stem equal, somewhat incurved, smooth, dirty white ; gills distinct, decurrent, pallid.— J5m//. t. 248 A, B. In woods. Canterbury. This is A. metachroiis, Engl. Fl., whose characters agree rather with Bulliard's figure quoted above than with Fries's character. Livid grey when moist, nearly white when dry. 91. A. (Clitocybe) metachrous, Fr. ; inodorous; pileus somewhat fleshy, convex, then plane and depressed, hygro- phanous; stem stuffed, then hollow, equal, tough, pruinose above ; gills adnate, crowded, pale, cinereous. In woods amongst leaves. King's Clifife. Pileus li-2 inches across ; gills not truly decurrent. 92. A. (Clitocybe) fragrans, aS'o«<;. ; sweet-scented; pileus rather fleshy, convex, then plane or depressed, hygrophanous ; stem stuffed, then hollow, elastic, smooth ; gills rather crowd- ed, subdecm'rent, distinct, dirty white. — Soiv. t. 10. In woods. Common. KnoAvn by its sweet, anise-scent, which resembles that of A. odorus. Pileus 1^ inch across, ochraceous, white. 93. A. (Clitocybe) difformis, P.; pileus submembranace- ous, convex, then plane, subumbilicate, smooth, hygrophanous, striate when moist, even when dry, at length subsquamuloso- rimose ; stem hollow, equal, smooth, shining ; gills adnate, distant, dirty white. — Bolt. /. 17 (dry state). In fir plantations. Near Halifax. Livid when moist. 91. A. (Clitocybe) eetypus, Fi: ; pileus rather fleshy, flat- AGARICINI. 113 tened out, at length depressed and revolutc, hygrophanous, finely streaked with little dose-pressed sooty fibres ; margin slightly striate; stem rather hollow, elastic, fibrillose; gills adnate, rather distant, becoming pallid, at length stained with red. In meadows. Mossburnford, near Jedburgh, A. Jerdon, Esq. Pileus honey-coloured ; gills mealy with the spores. Specimens sent from Scotland exactly accord with a figure forwarded to me by Fries. 95. A. (Clitocybe) bellus, P. ; pileus rather fleshy, con- vex, then depressed, dull-orange, sprinkled with minute darker scales; stem stuffed, equal, tough, rivulose, dull yellow, as well as the rather distant adnate gills, which are connected by veins, at length reddish-brown. In fir plantations. East ISIorden, Dorsetshire. Pileus 2h inches broad, deep orange-brown, becoming gradually pale. Gills incarnato-ferruginous. Stem 2^ inches high. Fries's plant has dirty-yellow gills, and so far differs from mine. It is at once distinguished from A. laccatits by its fetid smell. 93. A. (Clitocybe) laccatus, Scop. ; pileus convex, then mostly umbilicate, variable in form, hygrophanous, mealy, subsquamulose ; stem stuffed, equal, tough, fibrous, bright- coloured, as well as the thick, broad, distant gills. (Plate 5, fig. ^.)—Grev. t. 249; Huss. i. t. 47. In woods, etc. Extremely common. Varying much in size, colour, etc. Sometimes of a bright amethyst-blue, more frequently of a reddish-brown or grey (Sow. t. 187), some- times yellowish. Spores globose : a very uncommon character amongst Agarics. Bolton, t. 41, f. A, is at present doubtful, but its peculiar habitat, on the perpendicular sides of turf- pits, must some day make it easy to recognize. 114 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGY. Subgenus G. Colltbia. — Stem cartilaginous externally. Margin of pileus at first involute. Gills not decurrent. * Gills tchiic, or of ci imrc colon?'. 97. A. (Collybia) radicatus, Relh. ; pileus thin, fleshy, ob- tuse, at length plane, wrinkled, glutinous ; stem tall, attenu- ated upwards, rooting ; gills adnexcd, distant, Avliite. (Plate 5, fig. 4.) — Huss. i. /. 15. On old stumps, or on sticks eovered with soil. Very com- mon. The long tap-root, wa-inkled pileus, and distant white gills, at once distinguish this species. Pileus 3-4 inches across ; stem 6 inches high. I once gathered a white variety of this, with the pileus scarcely an inch across, though per- fectly developed. The colour is generally greyish-brown. 98. A. (Collybia) longipes, Bull.; pileus thin, fleshy, co- nical, then expanded, umbonate, dry, slightly velvety; stem attenuated upwards, rooting, velvety; gills distant, rounded behind, white.— 5m//. /. 232 ; Huss. i. /. 80. In the same situations as the last, but not so common. When well grown, one of the most beautiful of our Agarics. Pileus and stem often tinted with yellow. 99. A. (Collybia) platyphyllus, Fr. ; pileus thin towards the margin, expanded, obtuse, moist, streaked with little fibres ; stem stufled, equal, soft, striate, naked, pallid, ending abruptly; gills distant, truncate behind, adnexcd, white. — Bull. t. 594. In woods, amongst leaves. Rare. King's Cliffe. Pileus several inches across, umber or brownish. The form with a stout, creeping, string-like mycelium, named A. repens by Fries, has been found by Mr. Broome in the south of Eng- land, and by myself in Denbighshire. Stem not so distinctly cartilaginous as in other Collybice. AGAKICINI. 115 100. A. (Colly bia) fusipes, Ball. ; pilciis fleshy^ convex^ smooth, at first evciij then frequently cracketl ; stem more or less twisted and split, swollen, sulcate, rooting below, and spindle-shaped ; gills adnexcd, nearly free, at length separa- ting behind, connected by veins, white, then nearly of the same eolom- as the pileus. (Plate 5, fig. 5.) — Huss. ii. t. 48. On stumps. Very common. Pileus 3 inches across. Often densely csespitose, more or less rufous. Gills often spotted. Very variable in size and form. An early species. A. wde- matopiis, as far as the English Flora is concerned, rests upon an imperfect plant of Dickson. If distinct, the decurrent gills must be the principal character, in which case it could not be a Collybia. This circumstance may, however, arise from some peculiar condition of the pileus. 101. A. (Collybia) mactilatus, A. and S. ; pileus fleshy, compact, convex, then plane, obtuse, even, smooth ; stem stout, ventricose, striate, attenuated below, white, as well as the free gills. — Sow. t. 246 ; Hiiss. ii. t. 60. In fir-woods. Not common. Pileus 2-3 inches across, at first white, then, like the stem, spotted with reddish-brown. 102. A. (Collybia) butyraceus, Bull. ; pileus fleshy, con- vex, at length expanded, moist, changing colour ; flesh turn- ing white ; stem slightly stuftcd, externally cartilaginous, co- nical, striate, reddish brown; gills nearly free, crowxlcd, cre- nulate, white.— i?^//. t. 572. • In woods, especially fir-w^oods. Extremely common. Easily distinguished by its greasy-looking pileus and cartilaginous stem. The pileus is at first dark-bay, but as it dies exhibits various pallid tints. Stem often compressed. A. conqn-essus, Sow. t. 66, is very doubtful, but I believe it to be Hyyro- phorus ovinus. A. concinnus, Bolt. t. 15, is described as clothed with a viscid slippery fluid, and therefore cannot I 2 116 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGY. be A. puJhis, to wliicli Fries refers it. It is probably Hygro- phorus unguinosus. 103. A. (Collybia) velutipes, . (y«r^. ; pileus tbin, fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse, smooth, viscid ; stem stuffed, vel- vety, rooting, dark -bay ; gills adncxed, distant, yellowish. — Ft. Lond. t. 70 ; Hms. i. t. 56. On logs and trunks of trees. Extremely common during the greater part of the year, and even resisting considerable frost. One of our most beautiful species, from its tawny pileus and dark velvety stem. Often densely tufted. 104. A. (Collybia) stipitarius, Fr. ; small; pileus thin, um- bilicate, plane, clothed with little velvet-like scales ; stem at length fistulose, bright brown, more or less hairy ; gills se- parating, at length free, ventricose, rather distant, Avhite. (Plate 5, fig. Q>.)—Huss. i. /. 68. On grass, old thatch, twigs, etc. A very pretty little spe- cies, with the habit of a Marasmius, but the gills of an Agaric. Pileus clothed with tawny or brown hairs or fibres, which sometimes form scales. 105. A. (Collybia) eonfluens, P. ; pileus slightly fleshy, convex, at length expanded, obtuse, flaccid, smooth, hygro- phanous ; stem fistulose, somewhat compressed, rufous, clothed with white pulverulent down ; gills free, remote, linear, very crowded, dirty-white. — Fers. Ic. Pict. t. 5./. 1. Amongst leaves, in woods, forming rings or confluent masses. Common. Pileus about an inch across, reddish-brown. Gills leaving a distinct area round the top of the stem. Stems ad- hering to each other. 106. A. (Collybia) ingratus, ^c/^Mm.; pileus slightly fleshy, at first globose, then canipanulate, convex, umbonate, even ; stem fistulose, long, twisted, somewhat compressed, between pulverulent and downy, especially above, umber below ; gills free, linear, very crowded, pale. AOAIUCINI. • 117 Var. pilcus convex, obtuse ; stem villoso-pulvcrulcut. In woods. Differs principally from the foregoing in the gills not leaving a free space round the top of the stem. My species agrees more closely with the figure in the Stockholm collection than with Fries's character, as the whole stem is more or less pulverulent. The pileus, moreover, is not so truly campanulate. I have set it down, therefore, as a variety. 107. A. (Collybia) undatus, Berk.; pilcus tough, thin, radiato-rugose, minutely pulverulent, campanulate, then con- vex, at length plane ; stem minutely velvety, strigose at the base, fistulose; gills aduate, white, with a yellowish tinge, connected with veins. On dead fern-roots. Northamptonshire. Pileus not ex- ceeding an inch across, dull brown or cinereous. Gills mo- derately distant. 108. A. (CoUybia) conigenus, P. ; pileus slightly fleshy, nearly plane, unequal, somcAvhat umbonate, smooth ; stem minutely fistulose, tough, pulverulent, becoming pallid ; root strigose ; gills free, liucar, very crowded, pallid. On fir-cones. Not very uncommon. Pileus about 1 inch across, reddish-brown at first, pallid when dry ; gills white at first. This must not be confounded with A. tenacellus. 109. A. (CoUybia) cirrliatus, Schum.; white; pilcus slight- ly fleshy, plane, minutely silky, at length umbilicate ; stem slightly fistulose, flexuose, equal, pallid, pulverulent; root twisted, fibrillose; gills adnate, crowded, narrow. Amongst leaves, etc. ; often attached to a little, yellowish, nodular Sclerotiuui. Very nearly allied to the next. 110. A. (CoUybia) tuberosus, Bull.; white, slightly fleshy, convex, then expanded, umbonate, even, shining with a silky lustre; stem slightly fistulose, obsoletely pulverulent; root 118 OUTLiNES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGY. tubcriform, smooth, sinning, chestnut-brown ; gills aclnate, crowded, thin. — Grev. t. 23. On dead Rusmlce, and on the ground, probably where Fungi have decayed. The dark tuberiform base easily dis- tinguishes this species. 111. A. (Collybia) raeemosus, P.; pileus convex, grey; stem grey, sprinkled with racemose abortive pilei; gills ad- iiate, crowded, white. — Sow. t. 287. On the ground. Extremely rare. It has occurred once or twice at King's Cliffe. I am convinced now that it is not a mere form of the last, as it turns black in drying. 112. A. (Collybia) xanthopus, Fr.; pileus slightly fleshy, convex, then expanded, somewhat umbonate, smooth, dull yellow, and even, as well as the fistulose, equal stem ; base equal, rooting, strigose ; gills truncate behind and free, broad, thin, loose, crowded, dirty-white. About the stumps of trees, furze-bushes, etc. Not uncom- mon. Very near to A. dryophihis. 113. A. (Collybia) esculentus, Jir/cy.; pileus slightly fleshy, nearly plane, obtuse, quite smooth, clay-coloured, as well as the obsoletely fistulose, equal, straight, tough, rooting stem ; gills adnate, loose, whitish.— 5m//. t. 422. /. 2. In pastures, in spring. Common in Scotland, in fir planta- tions. Varies Avith a dark and light pileus, about an inch across. Eatable, but not much esteemed, on account of its bitter flavour. It is called at Vienna, where large baskets appear in the market in spring, Na(jc]schwamme, or Nail- Mushroom.* 114. A. (Collybia) tenaeellus, P.; pileus slightly fleshy, nearly plane, somewhat umbonate, even, smooth; stem ob- * This is an exception to the general rule tliat Sclmamm indicates one of the harder, corky Fungi. AGARICINT. 119 scurcly fistuloso, tough, naked, tawny ; root strigosc ; gills cmarginate, broad, loose, rather distant, snow-white. — Soiv. t. 206. On fir-cones. Not uncommon. Pileus about an inch across, tinged with brown ; stem tawny below, white above. Easily known by its broad, emarginatc gills. 115. A. (Collybia) acervatus, Fr.; cajspitosc; pileus con- vex, expanded, at length umbonate, smooth, hygrophanous ; margin slightly striate ; stem fistulose, smooth, deep red- brown, rooting and tomentose at the base ; gills free, crowded. At the base of old fir-stems. Not uncommon. In the Bri- tish plant the inner walls of the fistulose stem are strigose. Resembling the next. Pileus at first reddish. 116. A. (Collybia) dryophilus, Bull. ; pileus rather fleshy, nearly plane, obtuse, somewhat depressed, even, turning pale ; stem fistulose, smooth, reddish-brown or yellowish ; gills sinu- ated, adnexed (at length with a decurrent tooth), nearly free, crowded, narrow, white, or pallid. — Soiv. 1. 127 ; Huss. i. t. 39. Amongst leaves, in woods. Extremely common, but va- riable in colour, form, etc. Pileus 1-3 inches across. 117. A. (Collybia) exsculptus, Fr. ; pileus slightly fleshy, tough; convex, then expanded, umbilicate, not changing co- lour, smooth, as well as the fistulose, thin, curved, short stem ; gills nearly free, with a decurrent tooth, arched, much crowded, narrow, sulphur-coloured. On decayed oak. Suffolk, T>r. Badluim, from whom I have specimens. Size that of the last. 118. A. (Collybia) elavus, Bull.; pileus slightly fleshy, nearly plane, obtuse, even ; stem stuffed, thin, smooth, straight, white, as well as the free crowded gills, which sepa- rate slightly at the base. — Bull. t. 118 A-C, 509 F. 120 OUTLINES or BRITISH FUXGOLOGY. On twigs, leaves, etc. This is a minute species, differing from A. acicula in its white stem and gills, but agreeing somewhat in the orange-red pileus. It is introduced on the faith of Bolton's figure and description, t. 39 B, which, how- ever, may possibly be A, acicula. I have not met with it myself^ The * English Flora' plant is A. acicula. 119. A. (Collybia) ocellatus, Fr. ; pileus slightly fleshy, nearly plane;, even ; disc depressed, darker, urabonate ; stem minutely fistulose, filiform, smooth, brownish-white, rooting and fibrillose at the base; gills crowded, white, adnexed, at length separating. — Bull. t. 569./. 1 H~P. On the ground, amongst leaves. Not common. Kinnordy, Klotzsch. ** GUIs at length cinereous. 120. A. (Collybia) laceratus, Lasch ; pileus between fleshy and membranaceous, campanulate, rather blunt, moist, streaked with brown ; stem stuffed, then hollow, firm, twisted, fibroso-striate, floccoso-pruinose above, at length compressed ; gills distant, adnexed, broad, thick, greyish-white. In pine- woods. Bristol, Dr. H. 0. Stephens. Pileus dingy, pallid when dry, H inch across. Allied to A. platyphyllus. 121. A. (Collybia) atratus, Fr. ; pileus slightly fleshy, piano-depressed, umbilicate, very even, smooth, shining ; mar- gin convex ; stem stuffed, short, even, smooth, brown m ithout and within ; gills adnatc, rather broad, dirty-white. On burnt soil, in woods. King's Cliffe. Pileus 1 inch across, dark brown at first. Stem 1 inch high, 1-2 lines thick. I have a figure of this from the Swedish Museum, Avhich represents the stem as nearly white. * I have a specimen from Dr. Stephens, gathered at Bristol, marked by him A. clavus. Bull., which is apparently Bulliard's plant. AGARICINI. 121 Subgenus 7. Mycena. — Stem externally cartilaginous. Margin of pileus (which is mostly campanulate) at first straight and pressed to the stem. * Margin of gills different in colour from their surface. 122. A. (Mycena) pelianthinus, Fr. ; pileus somewhat fleshy, convex, nearly plane, moist, hygrophauous ; margin striate; stem firm, fibrilloso-striate ; gills emarginate, ad- nexed, beautifully connected by veins, edge darker, somewhat toothed. (Plate 6, fig. 1 .) Amongst dead leaves, in woods. Not very common. Pileus at first lilac or rose-coloured, 1^-2 inches across; gills pur- plish, with a darker toothed edge, a character which at once distinguishes it from A. pur us. 123. A. (Mycena) balaninus, B. ; pileus somewhat fleshy, convex, umbonate, dry, minutely pulverulent, striate when moist; stem rooting, villous and dark below, white and prui- nose above; gills connected by veins, pale, with a purple edge. — Mag. of Zool. and Bot. i. t. 15./. 2. Amongst oak-leaves, beech-mast, etc. Rare. King's Cliffe. An exquisite species. Stem bright brown below, spongy at the base. Gills sprinkled with purple spicules. Pileus oclira- ceous, 1 inch or more across. 124. A. (Mycena) elegans, P. ; pileus submembranaceous, campanulate, striate, umbonate; stem even, equal, rigid, to- mentose at the base, floccoso-fibrillose ; gills linear, adnatc, dirty-white ; edge yellow, entire. In woods. Not uncommon. Pileus half an inch or more across, greyish or livid-yellow. I have given Frics's cha- racter, but find the gills rather broad, though scarcely ventri- cose. The dark tint is often confined to the part nearest the pileus. 122 OUTLINES OF nillTISII FUNGOLOGY. 125. A. (Mycena) rutoro-marginatus, Fr.; pilcus submcra- branaceouSj campanulatc, obtuse, striate, hygrophauous ; stem rigid, even, juiceless ; gills adnatc, distant, dirty-white, edged with purple or purple-brown. On pine-stumps. Nassington, Northamptonshire. Nov. 1859. A small species, resembling somewhat A. sanguino- lentus, but distinguished at once by the absence of red juice in the stem. 126. A. (Mycena) strobilinus, Soiv. ; scarlet ; pileus slight- ly fleshy, bell-shaped ; umbo acute, even ; margin striate ; stem stiff", juiceless, even, clothed at the base with white strigose hah-s ; gills adnate, edge dark blood- colour. — Soiv. t. 197. On fir-cones. Rare. 127. A. (Mycena) rosellus, Fr. ; rose-coloured ; pileus membranaceous, hemispherical, obtuse, umbonate, striate ; stem slender, soft, juiceless, clothed with white fibrillose hairs at the base ; gills adnate, edge darker. Amongst fir-leaves. Rare. West of England, C. E. Broome. An extremely pretty little species. ** Stem not dilated into a disc at the lase ; rjiUs self-coloured. 128. A. (Mycena) purus, P. ; strong- scented; pilcus slightly fleshy, bell-shaped, then expanded, obtusely umbonate, smooth, turning pallid ; margin striate ; stem rigid, even, nearly na- ked, villous at the base ; gills very broad, widely sinuatcd, ad- nexed, connected by veins, paler than the pilcus. — Huss. ii. t. 49. Amongst leaves, in Avoods. Extremely common. Known at once by its strong scent and pretty colour, which changes as the pileus becomes dry. A. iwViantlihws, which it some- what resembles, is distinguished by the discoloured edge of the gills, and other characters. AGAIIICINI. 123 129. A. (Mycena) Iris, Berk. ; pileus hemispherical, ob- tuse, striate, subviscid, adorned with blue fibrillje ; stem fasci- culate, pilose; gills almost free. (Plate 6, fig. 3.) On fir-stumps. Rare. Clifton, Notts. The little fibrils glued down to the cuticle are very characteristic. When the stem is extremely elongated, it is sometimes nearly smooth. 130. A. (Mycena) Adonis, Bull. ; pileus membranaceous, conico-campanulate, smooth, nearly even ; stem slender, even, smooth; gills uncinate, adnexed, linear, narrow, white, or tinged with rose-colour. — Bull. t. 560./. 2. In woods. Rare. Kirriemuir, Klotzsch. King's Cliffe. "White, yellowish, orange, or green. 131. A. (Mycena) luteo-albus, Bolt.; pileus mcmbrana- ccous, bell-shaped, urabonate, slightly striate, dry, yellowish, as well as the smooth shining stem ; gills adnate, somewhat imcinate, broad, white. — Bolt. t. 38./. 2. Amongst moss, in woods. Rare. Halifax. 132. A. (Mycena) lacteus, P. ; pileus membranaceous, bell- shaped or convex, subumbonate, striate when moist, even when dry ; stem equal, filiform, rather tough, flexible, smooth ; gills adnate, ascending, narrow, milk-white.^ — Bull. t. 563 iV, O. In iir-woods, attached to the leaves, or on the naked soil. Often very abundant. Milk-white, or sometimes yellowish in in the centre. *** Stcmjirm, rigid ; gills clianging colour ; pileus not Itggrophanoios. 133. A. (Mycena) proliferus, Soiv. ; pileus rather fleshy, broadly bell-shaped, dry, darker in the centre ; margin at length sulcate ; stem firm, rigid, smooth, shining, minutely striate, rooting ; gills adnexed, more or less distinct, at Icngtli pallid.— >Soi^. i. 169. 124 OIITLINKS OF HRITISII FUNGOLOfiY. On soil, ill gardens, near MOod. Not common. Densely crespitose. Stem frequently proliferous, as in some species of Coj}rinus. Inodorous. 13i. A. (Mycena) galericxilatus, Scop. ; pileus suhmcm- branaceous, between conical and bell -shaped, then expanded, striate as far as the umbo, dry, smooth ; stem rigid, polished, even, smooth, rooting at the base ; gills adnate, with a decur- rent tooth, connected by veins, dirty-white or flesh-coloured. On trunks of trees. Extremely common. Often densely csespitose, but sometimes scattered. Variable in colour, and sometimes stained with the ulmates and humatcs of the de- caying wood. Inodorous and tasteless. 135. A. (Mycena) polygrammus, Bull. ; pileus submcm- branaceous, conico-campanulate, somewhat umbonatc, dry, striate; stem rigid, shining, deeply and continuously sulcato- striate ; gills attenuated behind. — Sow. t. 222. On trunks of trees. Common. Easily distinguished by its shining, silvery, grooved stem. 136. A. (Mycena) ^dirahoMcxis, A. and S.; pileus submem- branaceous, at first oval, then parabolic, obtuse, discoid, turn- ing pale, striate halfway; margin entire, turning white; stem rigid, even, smooth, of the same colour as the pileus, strigose at the base, swollen, abrupt, rooting ; gills adnate, ascending, nearly distinct, Avhitish. — Soiv. t. 165. On trunks, especially of fir. Pileus dark in the centre, then of a livid-blue, then whitish. Sowerby's plant is on M'illow-stumps. **** Stem brittle ; gills rlicmrjinfj colour. Strong-scented. 137. A. (Mycena) atro-albus, Bolt.; rather firm; pileus somewhat fleshy, obtusely bell-shaped, even, smooth, opaque, brown, whitish and striate towards the margin; stem straight. AOARICINI. 125 shining, two-coloured ; root liairy, bulbous ; gills attenuated, nearly free, ventrieose, white. — Bolt. t. 137. Amongst moss, about the roots of trees. Not common. 138. A. (Mycena) dissiliens, Fr.; very brittle; pileussub- membranaceous, conico-eampaiiulate, obtuse, lineato-plicate halfway up ; stem attenuated, somewhat incurved, finely stri- ate, cinereous, dark, strigose at the base; gills rounded, se- ceding, at length free, broad, soft, dirty-white, grey at the base.— So/^. t. 151.. On trunks of trees. About Halifax. The species takes its name from the stem, when compressed, breaking up into re- volute laciuipe. Strong-scented. 139. A. (Mycena) alcalinus, Fr.; rigid, but brittle, strong- scented; pileus submembranaceous, bell- shaped, obtuse, na- ked, deeply striate, moist, shining when dry ; stem smooth, slightly sticky, shining, villous at the base ; gills adnate, rather distinct, white, at length tinged with blue. On trunks of trees. Common. Easily distinguished by its strong nitrous scent, like that of fermented walnuts. Often tinged everywhere with yellow or pink. Solitary or csespitose. 140. A. (Mycena) pauperculuSj, 5erA:.; strong-scented; pi- leus obtusely conical or hemispherical, minutely innato-fibril- lose, subniembranaceous ; stem smooth, rooting, villous at the base; gills at first free, then adnexed, white. Inside of decayed stumps. Not common. Minute, ochra- ceoiis-white, at length stained from the wood. Odour fari- naceous. Gills adnexed, from the growth of the pileus, which is sometimes striate from translucenec. This, perhaps, would be better placed before No. 137. 111. A. (Mycena) tenuis, Bolt.; very brittle; pileus mem- branaceous, l)ell-shaped, convex, obtuse, lineato-striatc ; mar- gin crenate, appcndiculatc ; stem straight, pellucid, membra- 126 OUTLINES OF BKITISII FUNGOLOGY. naccous ; gills aduate^ distant^ distinct, tliin, watery, dirty- white. — Bolt. t. 37. In shady, moist woods. Hare. Halifax. Almost as deli- cate as Bolbitius titubans. Stem quite membranaceous. 142. A. (Mycena) tenellus, Schum. ; tufted ; pileus mem- branaceous, bell-shaped, convex, obtuse, pellucid, margin slightly striate ; stem slender, soft, smooth, villous at the base ; gills uncinate, very thin, crowded, white or flesh-co- loured. — Rail Syn. t. 1./. 2. On decayed trees. This species has not been found in England since the time of Ray, and it is very rare on the Continent. It is either entirely white, or tinged with rose- colour. ***** Stem filiform, JJaccid ; gills distinct, clianrfing colour. Not ccEspitose. 143. A. (Mycena) filopes, Bull. ; pileus membranaceous, obtusely campanulate, expanded, striate ; stem filiform, flac- cid, rather brittle, smooth, pilose at the base, rooting; gills free, lanceolate, crowded, white. — Bull. t. 320. In woods, among leaves. Not uncommon. Pileus livid- brown or umber, tinged with pink. Gills sometimes adnexcd. Odour not nitrous. 144. A. (Mycena) vitilis, Fr. ; pileus membranaceous, co- nical, then expanded, moist, deeply striate, growing pallid ; stem straight, filiform, flexible, smooth, juiceless, shining, rooting; gills attenuato-adnate, rather distant, greyish-white. —Soiv. t. 385./. 5. Amongst leaves, etc. Not uncommon. The gills vary a good deal in colour, and are sometimes very dark. 145. A. (Mycena) speireus, Fr. ; pileus membranaceous, conical, then convex, unpolished, striate; disc darker, at AGARICINI. 127 length depressed ; stem filiform, tough, shining, fihrillosc at the base ; gills horizontal, then dccurreut, distant, white. On mossy trunks. 146. A. (Mycena) acicula, Sc/ueff.; pileus membranaceous, bell-shaped, convex, smooth, scarlet ; margin striate ; stem thread-shaped, rooting, tough, shining, yellow, as well as the rounded, adnexed, ventrieose, distant gills. On leaves, twigs, etc., in woods. Not uncommon. A very delicate and pretty little species. Stem pruinose above. The gills are sometimes white, sometimes yellow, with a whitish edge. ****** Gills and stem mWcy, or containing coloured Jlui J. 147. A. (Mycena) cruentus, Fr. ; pileus submembranacc- ous, conico-campanulate, striate ; margin quite entire ; stem straight, smooth, villous at the base, and rooting, yielding a dull-red juice ; gills dirty-white. — Sow. t. 385./. 2, 3. In pine-groves. Not observed in this country since the time of Sowerby. 148. A. (Mycena) sanguinolentus, A. and S.j vinous-red; pileus membranaceous, obtusely campanulatc, striate ; stem containing red juice ; gills adnata, edge darker. Amongst leaves, in woods. Not uncommon. The vinous- red colour of the dark margin of the gills, and the dark juice, readily distinguish this species. 149. A. (Mycena) crocatus, Schrad. ; pileus submembra- naceous, expanded, slightly striate ; stem tall, attenuated, with a villous rooting base, filled with safiVon-colourcd juice; gills adnexed, attenuated behind, ventrieose in front. Amongst leaves. West of England, Mr. Knapp. Figured in the second edition of the ' Journal of a Naturalist.' 150. A. (Mycena) chelidonius, Fr. ; pileus membranace- ous, campanulato -convex, nearly even ; stem even, smooth. 128 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGY. rooting, compressed, filled with yelloM- juice; gills adnate, dirty-M-hite, at length yellowish. — Sow, t. 385./. 4. On stumps of beech. This also depends upon Sowerhy's figure. No one else seems to have observed it. The yellowish gills and pileus are distinctive. 151. A. (Mycena) galopus, Sclirad. ; pileus membranace- ous, campanulate, somewhat striate ; stem slender, fibrillose and rooting below, filled with w hite milk ; gills attenuated behind_, white, then glaucous. (Plate 6, fig. 2.) Amongst leaves, under trees. Generally diffused, but sel- dom abundant. Pileus brownish or cinereous, sometimes white. "VA'hen withered, the w'hite milk is occasionally Avant- ing. ******* Stem distinctly glutinous, not milki/. 152. A. (Mycena) epipterygius, Scoj). ; pileus membrana- ceous, campanulate, expanded, covered with a viscid separable skin ; stem elongated, tough, rooting, viscid, yelloAvish ; gills adnate, with a decurrent tooth. — Sotv. i. 92. Amongst fern-leaves, etc., in woods. Extremely common. Very variable in colour, but always easily recognized. 153. A. (Mycena) pellicxilosus, Fr. ; pileus membranace- ous, campanulate, obtuse, deeply striate; disc at length de- pressed ; stem tough, viscid, dirty-white ; gills adnate, white. On heaths. Mossburnford, A. Jtrdon, Esq. October, 1858. Cinereous. Resembling A. gakriculatus rather than the last. 154. A. (Mycena) vulgaris, P.; pileus convex, then de- pressed, viscid; stem tough, rooting, fibrillose at the base, cinereous ; gills decurrent, thin, white. (Plate 6, fig. 4.) On plantations, especially of larch. Sometimes very abun- dant. The viscid cinereous pileus, tough stem, and decurrent gills, readily indicate this species. 155. A. (Mycena) roridus, Fr ; very delicate; pileus at AGARTCINI. 129 length depressed^ sulcatc, dry; stem dripping witli gluten; gills dccurrent, rather distant, white. On dead bramble-twigs, etc. Not common. Nottingham- shire. Springing at once from the twig. Various in colour, but generally white, with a slight cinereous tinge. Alter abundant rain the dripping stem is very striking. ******** Stem clri/, dilated at the base into a Utile disc. 156. A. (Mycena) stylobates, P.; pileus obtuse, campa- nulate or convex, striate, slightly pilose; stem smooth, di- lated into a radiato-striatc villous disc; gills free, distinct, ventricose. (Plate 6, fig. 5.) On fern, twigs, etc. Not common. Generally pure Mhite. Pileus 2 lines across. Very delicate. 157. A. (Mycena) tenerrimus, B. ; white, very delicate; pileus convex, pruinose ; stem pilose, adhering by a minute, pubescent disc ; gills free, ventricose. (Plate 6, fig. 6.) On fir-cones, sticks, etc. Smaller than the last. Pileus frosted with minute granules ; disc not striate. The affinities of A. pilipes, Sow., are so doubtful, that it is omitted. 158. A. (Mycena) pterigenus, Fr. ; very delicate, rose- coloured ; pileus campanulate, obtuse, striate, smooth, as well as the thread-like stem, which springs from a little strigose bulb ; gills few, broad, adnate, entire. (Plate 6, fig. 7.) On dead fern-stems. Rare. A minute, but most elegant Agaric. The edge of the gills is often of a deeper tint than the disc. The normal form is found also on dead leaves. A variety of this occurred at Canterbury on oak-leaves, with a lemon- coloured stem and more crowded gills. See ' English Flora.^ ********* Stem very slender, dry, groioing on other j)l(t^^ts tcilhout any root ; yilh adnate, with a decurrent tooth. 159. A. (Mycena) corticola, Schum. ; pileus thin, liemi- Iv 130 OUTLINES or lUUTISII FUNGOLOOY. spherical, at length obsoletely umhilieatc, suleato-striate ; stem slightly seurfy ; gills broadly adnatc, broad, somewhat ovate, paler. Amongst moss, ou bark. Extremely common. Very va- riable in colour, white, lilac, cinereous, etc. Withering when dry, but often reviving when moistened. 160. A. (Mycena) setosus, Soiv. ; very delicate ; pileus he- mispherical, smooth ; stem thread-like, covered with spreading hairs; gills distant, Avhitc. — Sotv. t. 302. On dead leaves, in woods. Nearly allied to the next, IGl. A. (Mycena) capillaris, Sc/iui/i.; very delicate; pi- leus campanulate, at length umbilicate, smooth ; stem thread- like, smooth ; gills adnate, ascending, distant. On dead leaves, in woods. Not uncommon. Slightly tinged with cinereous. So delicate as to be transported with difficulty. Stem often much elongated. 162. A. (Mycena) juncieola, Fi'. ; very delicate; pileus convex, sometimes minutely umbonate, at length slightly de- pressed, even, red, striate; stem of the same colour, smooth; gills adnate, distant, white. On dead rushes, in bogs. Hare. Resembling the foreign Marasmius hcematocephalus. Pileus in ray specimens of a deep blood-red, inclining to tawny. Gills few, yellowish- white. Stem brown, ])aler above, smooth. Subgenus 8. Ompualia. — Stem cartilaginous. Gills truly decurrent. * Gills moderately (list an f, rather narrow; margin at first incurved. 163. A. (Omphalia) pyxidatus, Bull. ; pileus submembra- naceous, at first umbilicate, then infundibuliform, hygropha- nous ; mai-gin striate ; stem stuffed, at length fistulosc, even ; AGARICINI. 131 gills (Iccurrcnt, rather distant, narrow, reddish-grey. (Plate 6, fig. 8.) Amongst short grass on lawns, etc. Not uncommon. When moist of a deep red-grey. Gills at first flesh-coloured. A small species. 164. A. (Omphalia) hepaticus, Batsch ; tough, rigid; pi- lous smooth, rather shining, even ; stem at length compressed, flesh-coloured, inclining to rufous ; gills distant, connected by veins and forked, rather thick, pallid. — Batsch, f. 211. On lawns. Coed Coch, Denbighshire. Of the same colour as the last, but rather different in habit, and approaching A. umheUiferus. 165. A. (Omphalia) sphagnicola, B. ; tough; pileus infun- dibuliform, subcarnose, minutely squamulose, moist ; stem fistulose ; gills narrow, dirty-ochraceous. On Sphagnum acutifoUum. Chartley Moss, Staffordshire. Pileus 1-1 i inch across, of a dirty pale-ochre, obscurely stri- ate ; gills thick ; edge flattish. Stem at first minutely squa- mulose above, distinguished from A. Philonotis by its tough, elastic substance, and other points. 166. A. (Omphalia) Oniscus, Fr.; pileus submembrana- ceous, convex, piano-depressed, remotely radiato - striate ; smooth, hygrophanous, smooth when dry ; stem subfistulose, firm, equal, livid or dirty-white, as well as the adnate, decur- rent, straight, somewhat distant gills. — Bolt. t. 41. In swamps. Not observed since the time of Bolton. ** Gills very distant., broad, and generally tliicJc ; margin at first i7icurved. 167. A. (Omphalia) muralis, Soiv. ; pileus submembrana- ceous, umbilieate, radiato-striate, smooth ; brownish-rufous, as well as the short tough stem ; margin crenulate ; gills de- current, distant, paler. — Sow. t. 322. k2 132 OUTLINES OF niUTISII FUNGOLOGY. Oil old Avails, amongst moss. Not nncommon. 168. A. (Omplialia) umbelliferus, L. ; pilcus membrana- ceous, convexo-plaue, obeonic, brittle, radiato-striate, vhen dry pallid, even, slightly silky ; margin at fii'st inflexed, cre- uate; stem equal, downy at the base; gills dccurrent, thick, and very distant, extremely broad behind. In s\vam])s, exposed pastures, etc. Very common. Varying extremely in colour. A yellow variety, inclining to orange when growing on high mountains, is generally diffused in alpine countries, and is very beautiful. Pilcus 2-10 lines 169. A. (Omphalia) Helvelloides, Bull. ; pilcus obeonic, umbonatc, at length depressed, somewhat funnel-shaped, re- ' motcly radiato-sulcatc ; stem elongated ; gills thick, forked, dccurrent, broad in front. — Bull. t. 601. /. 3. On the ground. Navigation House, Monmouthshire. Oct. 27, 1847, C E. Broome. Far more delicate and graceful than any form of A. umbelliferus. Fries considers this the same with his A. sctipcs. 170. A. (Omphalia) vvi£ulus,. Berk, and Br. ; pilcus umbi- licate, reddish-grey, gi'owiug pale, somewhat mealy ; stem of the same colour, shining ; gills dccurrent, rather thick, forked, flesh-coloured.— ^/?w. of Nat. Hist. Oct. 1848, p. 260. On an exposed common, amongst Polytrichum aloides. Hanham, near Bristol. This little species has the habit and nearly the colours of minute A . laccatus. 171. A. (Omphalia) stellatus, Sow.; white; pilcus slight- ly fleshy or membranaceous, convex, umbilicate, smooth, stri- ate, diaphanous; stem equal, brittle, stuffed, floccoso-radiate at the base ; gills thin, broad, drcurrcnt, very distant. — Soiv. t. 107. On sticks, decayed stems of herbaceous plants, etc. Not AGAUrCIM. • 133 common. Distinguished by its tliin gills from every state of A. umbelUfcrus. *** At first campaniilatc, with the margin straight. 172. A. (Omphalia) Campanella, Baisch ; pileus mem- branaceous, convex, umbilieatc, striate, hygrophanous ; stem fistulose, dark-brown, attenuated at the base, and clothed with tawny spongy down or hair; gills decurrent, arcnate, connected by veins, yellow. — Sow. t. 163. In fir-woods. Not uncommon. Often csespitose. Pileus ferruginous, yellow. A beautiful species, which occurs also in tropical America. The form of the cap is variable, but the dark stem and tawny pubescence at the base readily distin- guish the species. 173. A. (Omplialia) eamptophyllus, B. ; pileus convexo- plane, deeply striate; stem minutely pubescent, radiato-stri- gose at the base, minutely fistulose; gills white, ascending, then suddenly decurrent. — Eng. Fl. I. c. p. 62. On sticks, etc. Rare. Margate. Pileus brown, with a grey margin, half an inch across. Stem 2 inches high. 174. A. (Omphalia) griseus, Fr. ; pileus submembrauace- ous, eampanulate, then convex, smooth, striate, hygrophanous ; stem fistulose, rather firm, smooth, self-coloured whitish-grey, as well as the slightly decurrent, arcuate, thickish, somewhat distant gills. In pine-woods. Sherwood Forest, Notts. A small species. 175. A. (Omphalia) Fibula, Bull.; pileus membranaceous, turbinate, at first convex, at length somewhat umbilieatc, striate, growing pale, even, dry, orange as well as the slender stem; gills deeply decurrent, paler. — Sow. t. 45. Amongst moss. Very common. There is a variety with a brown pileus and white gills. It is always a neat and pretty species. 134 OUTLINES OF 1511ITISII FUNGOLOGY. 17G, A. (Omphalia) BeUi2e, Johnst. ; pileus dry, membra- naceous, cup-shaped, of a pale wood-colour ; stem tliin, fistu- lose, cartilaginous, pale above, brownish below, adhering by a floccose base ; gills thick, paler than the pileus, decurrent, interstices veiny. — Ann, of Nat. Hist. ser. 1. vol. vi. t. 10. /. 1. On dead stems of the common reed. Berwickshire, Lord Home. See description in the place cited above. 177. A. (Omphalia) integrellus, P.; white, brittle ; pileus membranaceous, hemispherical, expanded, pellucid, conse- quently striate; stem very slender, short, pubescent below; gills distant, decurrent, rather branched, edge acute. On decayed sticks, etc. Rare. King's ClifFe. Subgenus 9. Pleurotus. — Stem excentric, lateral, or wanting. Mostly growing on wood. I. Pileus entire. * Furnished ivith a veil. 178. A. (Pleurotus) dryinus, P.; pileus hard, compact, oblique, variegated with dark spot-like scales; veil white, torn, fugacious ; stem lateral, blunt ; gills decurrent, narrow, nearly simple. — Huss. ii. t. 29, 33. On trunks of ash, -^-illow, etc. A beautiful species. Scat- tered here and there, but never in any abundance. ** Gills emarf/inatc. 179. A. (Pleurotus) ulmarius, Bull.; pileus fleshy, com- pact, convcxo-plane, smooth, moist, somewhat spotted ; stem rather excentric, stout, thickened below, subtomentose ; gills adnexed, emarginate or rounded, rather close, broad, dirty- Avhite. — Sow. t. 67. On elm-trunks, generally many feet from the ground. Not AGAUICINI. 135 very common. A large and magnificent species -when well grown. I snspect there is a closely allied species, with a veil varnished beneath, of which I once had an imperfect specimen from Mrs. Hussey. 180. A. (Pleurotus) subpalmatus, Fr. ; pileus soft, fleshy, convexo-plane, obtnse, smooth, wrinkled and gelatinous, es- pecially when young ; stem excentric, incurved, equal ; gills adnate, crowded, broad, reddish. — Soto. t. 62. On squared timber, old trunks, etc. In several parts of England. Pileus orange-buff, pruinose; flesh mottled, like that of FistuUna hepatica ; stem fibrous within, smooth, white ; gills joined behind, so as to form an obsolete collar, A beautiful and interesting species. 181. A. (Pleurotus) fimtoriatus, Bolt.; pileus thin, fleshy, plane, then infundibuliforra, even, hygrophanous ; margin at length lobed and waved ; stem subexcentric, compressed, firm, short, rootless, villous ; gills thin, adnate, very croAvded, some- what forked, white. — Bolt. /. 61. On trunks of trees. Rare. East Bcrgholt, Br. Badham. Nearly white. Pileus 3 inches across. *** GUIs decidedly decnrrent. 182. A. (Pleurotus) euosmus, B. ; imbricated, strong- scented ; pileus depressed, shining and satiny when dry ; stem short or obsolete, confluent ; gills ventricose, very decurrcnt, dingy-white; spores pinkish. — Huss. i. t. 75. On elm-posts. Spring. Hayes, Kent. East Bergholt. Pileus 3 inches across. Somewhat resembling the next, but distinguished by a peculiar scent like that of tarragon, and by its pale lilac spoi'cs. Not esculent. 183. A. (Pleurotus) ostreatus, .Jaaj. ; pileus soft, fleshy, subdimidiate, conchatc, ascending, turning pale; stem short 13G OUTLINES OF HKITISH FUNGOLOGY. or obsolete, firm, clastic, strigose at the base ; gills dccurrent, rather distant, anastomosing behind, dirty-Avhite. — Huss. ii. L 19. On trees, especially laburnum. Late in the autumn, or winter. Pileus cinereous. A. glandulosns is only a form of this. At least, I have seen decided A. ostrealus with glan- dular gills. 181'. A. (Pleurotus) salignus, Hoffin. ; pileus at first com- pact, then spongy, subdiniidiate, horizontal, at first pulvinate, even, then depressed, substrigose; stem short, white, tonieu- tose ; gills decurrcnt, somewhat branched, eroded, distinct at the base, nearly of the same colour. On trunks of trees. Not common. ^lostly solitary, or at least not densely imbricated. Ochraceous v.'hcn old. II. Diiuidia/r, but not restipinate. 185. A. (Pleiirotus) petaloides, Bull.; ascending; pileus fleshy, entire, spathulate ; disc depressed, villous, as well as the compressed stem ; gills dccurrent, crowded, linear, dirty- white.— 5m//. t. 226, 557. On the ground, amongst grass. Rare. Purton. 186. A. (Pleurotus) serotinus, Schrad. ; pileus fleshy, com- pact, viscid ; stem thick, lateral, squaraulose, with dingy spots; gills determinate, crowded, yellow or pallid. On trunks of trees. Rare. Mossburnford, A. Jerdon, Esq. Pileus 2-3 inches across. Easily known by its decided stem. Pileus yellowish or dingy-olive. 187. A. (Pleurotus). mitis, F. ; pileus slightly fleshy, tough, reniform, even, smooth ; stem lateral, compressed, di- lated above, clothed with little white scales; gills crowded, determinate, distinct, white. (Plate 6, fig. 9.) On dead larch. Scotland, Klotzsch. Nottinghamshire, AGARICINF. 137 abuiulaut, but I liave not found it elsewhere. About 1 inch across. My specimens are pure white, but it is said to be sometimes rufous, growing pallid as it loses its moisture. 188. A. (Pleurotus) tremulus, Sc/ueff. ; pilcus slightly fleshy, reniform, depressed, tough, even; stem marginal, dis- tinct, nearly round, ascending, villous ; gills adnate, determi- nate, linear, distant, grey. — Soiv. t. 342. Amongst moss, on Fungi, etc. Rare. Malvern Hills. Purton. Scotland, Hooker. Denbighshire, on Moelfre-uchaf. About 1 inch across. Grey. Stem attached to the matrix by a woolly mass. 189. A. (Pleurotus) acerosus, Fr.; pileus membranaceous, reniform, plane, striate, somewhat lobed, hygrophauous; stem very short or obsolete, lateral, somewhat strigose at the base ; gills determinate, linear, crowded, simple, grey. — Bolt, t. 72. /. 3. On gravel, lawns, wood, etc. Rare. Hiteham, Suflblk, Prof. Htnslow. A small grey species. III. Pileus at first resupinate, * Pileus jlesliy, uniform. 190. A. (Pleiirotus) porrigens, P. ; white ; pileus fleshy, tough, at first resupinate, then ascending from the extended base, car-shaped, smooth above; gills very narrow, linear. On old pine-trunks. Rare. Inverary, Klotzsch. 191. A. (PlOTirotus) septicus, P.; white; pileus thin, slightly fleshy, re-jupinatc, then reflected, even, pubescent; stem slender, incurved, pubescent, at length evanescent ; springing from byssoid rootlets; gills distant. — Sow. t. 321. On twigs, decayed Fungi, dung, etc. Not uncommon. Pure white, very variable in size and form, but always small. 138 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGY. ** PlleusJIesliij, ici/Ji a gelatinous coat. 192. A. (Pleurotus) mastrucatus, Fr.; pileus fleshy, upper stratum gelatinous, at first resupiuate, then expanded, sessile, lobed, scaly ; gills greyish-white. — Soio. t. 99. On old trunks of trees. Rare. Pileus 1-1 inches across. Imbricated. 193. A. (Pleurotus) atro-cseruleus, Fr. ; pileus fleshy, upper stratum gelatinous, at first resupinate, then obovato- reniform, tomentose; gills crowded, white, changing to yel- low. On trunks of trees. Rare, Penzance, /. Ralfs, Esq. 194. A. (Pleurotus) algidus, Fr. ; pileus fleshy, with a thin gelatinous coat, at first resupinate, then expanded, reni- form, smooth; gills rather wide, crowded, pale yellowish. On trunks of trees. Linlithgowshire, J. C. Bauchop. About an inch across. Pileus rcddish-umbcr or cinereous. 195. A. (Pleurotus) Leightoni, B. ; pileus at first ob- liquely conical, lunljer, then lead-coloured, furfuraeeous, with short scattered bristles intermixed ; upper stratum gelatinous ; gills rather thick, tan-coloured, distant, somewhat forked at the base, slightly undulated ; interstices scarcely reticulated. On wood. Montford- bridge, near Shrewsbury, Rev. W. A. Leighton. Pileus 5 lines broad. — Ann. of Nat. Hist. xiii. t. 9./. 1. 196. A. (Pleurotus) cyphellseformis, B. ; pileus cup- shaped, then dependent ; upper stratum gelatinous, cinereous, very minutely strigose, especially at the base ; margin paler sprinkled with a few meal- like scales ; gills pure white, rather distant, narrow, linear. — Mag. of Zool. and Bot. i. t. 15. /. 3. On dead stems of herbaceous plants. INIinutc. Allied to A. apjMcatus. *** Pileus mcmhranaccous. 197. A. (Pleui'otus) Hobsoni, B. ,- pileus membranaceous. AGARICINl. 139 rcniform or dimidiate, stcmlcss, pale grey, minutely downy ; gills rather distant, pallid. On larch-stumps. Apethorpc. Sept. 1859. Pilous 1-1 lines across ; margin involute. Named after Lieut. Julian C. Hobson, who has sent several interesting Fungi from the neighbourhood of Poena. 198. A. (Pleurotus) applicatus, Batsch ; dark, cinereous; pileus rather firm, somewhat membranaceous, resupinate, then reflected, somewhat striate, subpruinose, strigose behind ; gills loose, paler. — Sow. t. 301. On dead fallen branches in woods. Extremely common. About one-third of an inch across. 199. A. (Pleixrotus) striatulus, Fr. ; pale cinereous ; pi- leus very delicate, striate, flaccid, smooth ; gills few, distant. On fir-wood, hazel-twigs, etc. Scotland, Capt. Carmichael. 200. A. (Pleurotus) hypnophilus, P. ; resupinate, flat, white ; pileus subreniform, nearly smooth ; gills simple. — Pers. Myc. Eur. iii. t. 24^. f. 5 a. On the larger mosses and fallen leaves. Appin, Capt. Car- michael. 201. A. (Pleurotus) chioneus, P.; snow-white, subresupi- nate, minute ; pileus very thin, villous ; gills rather broad ; stem very short, villous, at length obsolete. — Pers. I. c. t. 26. /. 10, 11. On wood or dung. Rare. Lytchett, Dorsetshire. Allied to A. septicus, and differing in its very thin pileus. Series 2. Hyporhodii. — Spores sahnon-coloured. Subgenus 10. Yolvaria. — Veil universal, forming avolva distinct from the cuticle. Hymenophoruni distinct from the stem. * Sillcy or Jihrillose. 202. A. (Volvaria) bombycinus, Schceff.; pileus soft, fleshy. 140 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGY. campanulatc, then expanded, self-coloured, clotlied with silky- threads ; stem solid, attenuated, smooth ; volva very large, dark externally; gills free, flesh-eoloured. (Plate 7, fig. 1.) On deeayed AA'ood. Rare. Pileus 3-4 inches aeross ; volva lobed. 203. A. (Volvaria) volvaceus, Bull. ; pileus soft, fleshy, cam- panulate, then expanded, obtuse, virgate, with little close- pressed, black fibres ; stem solid, nearly equal ; volva loose gills free, flesh-coloured. — Soiv. t. 1. lu stoves, on the sides of roads, etc. Rare in the latter situation. Pileus 3-4 inches across. 204. A. (Volvaria) Loveianus, B. ; pileus thin, fleshy, sub- truncate, globose, then convex, obtuse, white, silky ; stem solid, attenuated upwards; volva loose, lobed; gills free, rose-coloured. (Plate 7, fig. 2.) Parasitic on Ag. 7iehularis. Very rare. Cffispitose. Pileus 2^ inches aeross. This is A. .mrrectus, Knapp in Journ. of a Nat. 205. A. (Volvaria) Taylori, B. ; pileus thin, conical, obtuse, livid, striato-rimose from the apex; stem pale, solid, nearly equal ; volva lobed, brown, small ; gills uneven, broad in front, attenuated behind, rose-coloured. On the ground. Jersey, Michael Angelo Taylor, Esq. Re- niai-kable for its attenuated, unequal gills. 206. A. (Volvaria) pusillus, Fr. ; pileus subcampanulate, submeral)ranaeeous, silkj^, slightly viscid ; stem nearly equal, solid ; volva small, lobed ; gills free, rose-coloured. — Bull, t. 330. In pastures after stormy weather. Common. Very variable in size, from a few lines to 2 inches; white, sometimes tinged with yellow or brown. Stem smooth or squamulose. Exactly the plant of BuUiard. Whether it is the same with A. parrulns, Fr., is not so clear. Sliy;htlv viscid when moist. AGARICINI, 141 ** I* ileus smooth, viscid. 207. A. (Volvaria) speciosus, Fr. ; pilcus soft, fleshy, cara- pauulate, then expanded, obtuse, smooth, even, viscid; disc grey; stem solid, somewhat bulbous, attenuated upwards, villous as Avell as the loose volva, (Plate 7, fig. 3.) On dunghills, roadsides, etc. Rare. Pileus 2-3 inches across. Subgenus 11. Pluteus. — Hymenophorum distinct from tlic stem. Veil none. 208. A. (Pluteus) cervinus, Sc/ueff. ; pileus fleshy, campa- nulate, then expanded, smooth, then breaking iip into little fibres or scales ; margin naked ; stem solid, rough with black fibrillffi ; gills crowded, free, white, then flesh-coloured. — Soio. t. 108. On trunks of trees. Not uncommon. Pileus 2-3 inches across. 209. A. (Pluteus) umbrinus, Fr. ; pileus fleshy, campanu- late, then expanded, lacunose at first; margin ciliato-fimbriate; stem solid, villoso-squamose ; gills free; margin fimbriate. — Pers. Ic. et descr. t. 2. /. 5, G. On dead trunks. Coed Coch. ^ly form is just that of Persoon. 210. A. (Pluteus) nanus, P. ; pileus slightly fleshy, convexo- plane, rugulose, sprinkled with dingy meal ; stem solid, rigid, short, striate, white; gills free, white, then flesh-coloured. — Bull. t. 547. /. 3. On fallen sticks. Wothorpe, Norths. Pileus about 1 inch across. 211. A. (Pluteus) petasatus, Fr. ; pileus fleshy in the centre, campanulate, then expanded, iimbonate, quite smooth, viscid, with a separable cuticle, membranaceous half-way up, and at 142 OUTLINES OF 151HTISII FUNGOLOCiY. length striate; stem tall^ solid, rigid, filjrilloso-striate, atte- nuated upwards; gills very broad, free, crowded, drying up, white, then reddish. — Ann. of Nat. Hist. xiii. pi. 9. /. 2. On sawdust, in England, Scotland {Lady O/y/c), and Wales, but not common. 212. A. (Pluteus) leoninus, Sc/ueff. ; pileus submcmbra- naceous, campanulate, then expanded, smooth, naked, margin striate; stem solid, smooth, striate; gills free, yellow, then flesh-coloured. (Plate 7, fig. 4.) On wood. Rare. Pileus often of the most brilliant orange. 213. (A. Pluteus) chrysophseus, Schaff. ; pileus submem- branaceous, campanulate, then expanded, naked, nearly even, smooth or somewhat virgate, margin striate; stem smooth; gills free, white, then flesh-coloured. (Plate 7, fig. 5.) On wood, hollow trees, etc. Not uncommon. Pileus dingy, 2 inches or more across. Stem white or yellowish, solid in my specimens, but hollow according to Fries. 214. A. (Pluteus) phlebophorus, Dittm. ; pileus slightly fleshy, convex, expanded, marked with prominent veins, naked, margin even ; stem fistulose, smooth, incurved, shining ; gills free, white, then flesh-coloured. On fallen sticks. Rare. Pileus about an inch broad. A very beautiful species. Subgenus 12. Entoloma. — Hymenopliorum continuous with the fleshy or fibrous stem ; gills sinuato-adncxed, or parting from the stem. 215. A. (Entoloma) fertilis, P.; pileus smooth, pulverulcnto- squamulose, dry, fleshy, obtuse ; stem fibrillose, subsquamulose, somewhat bulbous ; gills flesh-coloured, adnexed. — Bull. t. 590, 547./. 1. In woods. Smell like that of fresh meal. Pileus 4 inches AGARICINl. 143 or more across, of a pinkisli-butV. Exactly the plant of Bul- liard. A. sinuatus, Fr., under uliich Balliard's figures arc quoted, must be different. 21G. A. (Entoloma) prunuloides, Fr. ; pileus fleshy, cam- pfinulate, then expanded, umbonate, even, smooth, slightly viscid ; stem solid, unequal, smooth, somewhat striate, white ; gills free, white, then flesh-coloured, ventricose. On the ground. Rare. Mossburnford, A. Jerdon, Esq. Gills emarginatc. Smell farinaceous. 217. A. (Entoloma) Placenta, Batsch ; pileus fleshy, convex expanded, umbonate, regular, smooth, brown as well as the solid, equal, fibroso-striate stem ; gills emarginate, adnexed, crowded, rather thick, pallid flesh-colour. — Batsch, f. 18. On the ground. Swanage, C. E. Broome. 218. A. (Entoloma) Elodes, Fr. ; pileus slightly fleshy, con- vexo-plane, somewhat umbonate, moist, becoming smooth ; stem hollow, pallid, fibrillose, thickened at the base ; gills emarginate, adnexed, rather distant, white, then flesh-coloured. On moors. Coed Coch. Smell like that of new meal. Pileus purple, dingy-brown, etc. 219. A. (Entoloma) repandus, Bull. ; pileus fleshy, conical, umbonate, indistinctly silky ; margin lobed ; stem short, solid, minutely silky, white ; gills dull rose-coloured, broad in front. —Bull t. 423. /. 2. Amongst grass. Rare. Pileus 1-2 inches across. Smell like that of fresh meal. Certainly not the plant of Fries. 220. A. (Entoloma) Bloxami, B. and Br. ; pileus compact, campanulate, obtuse, somewhat lobed, moist, blackish-blue, somewhat silky; flesh white; stem slightly attenuated up- wards, obtuse at the base ; gills rather broad, attenuated, ad- nexed. In open, exposed pastures. Not uncommon. Pileus 1 inch or more across. 144 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGY. 221. A. (Entoloma) ardosiacus, Bull.; brittle ; pileus slightly fleshy, couvex, then expanded and depressed, even, smooth, moist; stem hollow, elongated, steel-blue, attenuated from the white base; gills nearly free, erowded, greyish flesh-coloured. Bull t. 348. In moist meadows. A doubtful native, introduced on the authority of Siljthorpe. 222. A. (Entoloma) frumentaceus, Bull. ; pileus fleshy, firm, rather brittle, nearly plane, dry, finely streaked ; stem streaked and slightly cracked, obtuse at the base ; gills broad, eraargi- nate or rounded behind, cinereous, with a reddish-yellow tinge. —Bull. t. 571./. 1. On the ground, under a hedge. Rare. Woodnewton, Nor- thamptonshire. Pileus 3^ inches across, buff, tinged with red as Avell as the stem. 223. A. (Entoloma) sericellus, Fr. ; pileus slightly fleshy, convexo-plane or depressed, silky, at length squamulose ; stem subfistulose, fibrillose, white, becoming pallid ; gills adnate, se- ceding, slightly distant, white, then flesh-coloured. In woods. Not uncommon. Resembling Persoon's figure, Ic. t. 6. f. 2, quoted doubtfully by Pries, but not exceeding an inch in diameter. Pileus and stem white. Stem solid or densely stuffed, never fistulose in the British plant. ** Pileus hjfjrophanoiis. 224'. A. (Entoloma) clypeatus, L. ; pileus slightly fleshy, campanulate, then expanded, umbonate, somewhat virgate, smooth, hygrophanous ; stem stuffed, attenuated, fibrillose, becoming pallid ; gills rounded behind, adncxcd, seceding, serrulate, of a dirty flesh-colour. — Huss. ii. t. 42. In gardens, etc. Not uncommon. Pileus 4 inches or more across. AGAUICINI. 145 225. A. (Entoloma) rhodopolius, Fr. ; pileus slightly fleshy, cauipaiiulatej then expanded, at length slightly depressed, hy- grophanous ; margin flexuous ; stem hollow, nearly equal, smooth, white, pruinose above; gills sinuatcd, aduate, white, then rose-eoloured. (Plate 7, fig. 6.) In woods, etc. Not uncommon. Pileus about 3 inches across. Smell like that of fresh meal. 226. A. (Entoloma) costatus, Fr. ; pileus thin, convexo- bullate, then nearly flat, subumbilieate, undulated, smooth, hygrophanous ; stem hollow, short, irregular, somewhat striate, grey, with a few little white scales above ; gills quite entire, nearly free, transversely ribbed, pallid. In meadows. Very common. Pileus 2 inches or more across. 227. A. (Entoloma) sericeus, Bull. ; pileus earnoso-mem- branaceous, convex, expanded, smooth, hygrophanous, silky when dry ; margin inflected, waved, slightly striate ; stem short, fistulose, fibrillose ; gills emarginate, plane, rather dis- tant, greyish. — Bull. t. 413. /. 1. In meadows. Not uncommon. Smell like that of meal. In part A. jJascuus, Eng. Fl. 228. A. (Entoloma) nidorosus, Fr. ; pileus carnoso-mem- branaceous, convex, expanded, somewhat depressed, smooth, hygrophanous, when dry shining with a silky lustre; stem equal, smooth, white, becoming pallid, pruinose above; gills emarginate, separating from the stem, broad, somewhat dis- tant, flexuous, slightly discoloured. In woods. Common. Pileus from 1^ to 3 inches across. Smell strong, nitrous. This is A. rhodojwlius of Eng. Fl. Subgenus 13. Clitopilus. — Ilymenopliorum confluent Avitli the fleshy or fibrous stem ; gills decurrent. 229. A. (Clitopilus) primulus, Scop. ; pileus fleshy, cora- L 1 IG OUTLINES OF MIITISH FUNGOLOGY. pact, at first convex, regular, at length depressed, Avaved, pruinose, dry; stem solid, ventricose, naked, striate; gills deeply decurrent, rather distant, white, then flesh-coloured. — (Plate 7, fig. 7.)—Huss. ii. /. 17. In "woods. White, or slightly cinereous. Smell like that of new meal. Esculent. 230. A. (Clitopilus) mundulus, Lascli. ; pileus fleshy, thin, tough, piano-depressed, unequal, polished, dry; stem stuffed, slender, floccnlose, thickened at either end, at length black ■within; gills deeply decurrent, very crowded, narrow, pallid. — A. nigrescens, Lasch, n. 521. In woods. Scotland, Klotzsch. King's ClifFe. A. carneo- albus, With., is very doubtful. Subgenus 11. Leptonia. — Stem witli a cartilaginous bark. Margin of pileus at first incurved ; gills separating from tlie stem. 231. A. (Leptonia) lampropus, Fr. ; pileus slightly fleshy, obtuse, convex, flattened, not striate, at length dcj^ressed, squamnlose, broken np into flocci; stem subfistulose, even, unspotted, steel-violet ; gills adnate, ventricose, at first dirty- white. In pastures. Not uncommon. Pileus 1^ inch across. 232. A. (Leptonia) serrulatus, P. ; pileus earnoso-mcm- branaccons, hemispherical, then expanded, umbilicate, sub- squamose, stem fistulose, smooth, black, dotted above, gills adnate, separating, broad at first, bluish, then greyish flesh- coloured, edge black, finely notched. In woods. Rare. Wothorpe, etc. Stem sometimes grey. Easily distinguished by the serrate edge of the gills. 233. A. (Leptonia) evichrous, P. ; pileus slightly fleshy, carapanulate, then convex, obtuse, squamuloso-fibrillose ; stem AGARICINI. 147 stuffed, smooth, violet ; gills adnexecl, veiitricose, violet, edge entire, darker. — Pers. Syn. p. 343. On alder-trunks. Rare. Mossburnford, A. Jerdon. Gills sraalt-blue when young. Csespitose, not an inch across. 234. A. (Leptonia) chalybseus, P. ; pileus slightly fleshy, convex, subumbonate, not striate, at first flocculose, then squa- mulose; stem stuffed, smooth, blue; gills em arginatc, adncxed, broad, ventricose, at first of a glaucous dirty-v/hite, edge darker. Soiv. t.\Q,\. In pastures. Not uncommon, Pileus |-1 inch broad. 235. A. (Leptonia) incanus, Fr.; pileus submembranaccous, convexo-plane, umbilicate, smooth, with a silky lustre, or vir- gatc, margin striate ; stem fistulose, shining, smooth, brownish- green ; gills adnate, separating from the stem, broad, rather distant, white, then greenish. — Sow. t, 162. In pastures. Not uncommon. Smell exactly like that of mice. Stem often with beautiful verdigris- coloured down at the base. — A. Soiverbeii, Eng. Fl. 236. A. (Leptonia) asprellus, Fr. ; pileus submembranace- ous, convex, flattened, striate, hygrophanous, umbilicus darker, squamuloso-fibrillose ; stem fistulose, slender, smooth ; gills adnate, separating from the stem, rather distant, equally at- tenuated, whitish-grey. In open pastures. Rare. Bristol, H. O. Stephens. Wans- ford. Subgenus 15. Nolakea. — Stem cartilaginous. Margin of pileus at first straight, pressed to the stem. 237. A. (Nolanea) pascuus, P. ; pileus membranaceous, co- nical, expanded, subumbonate, smooth, striate, hygrophanous, when dry shining like silk ; stem fistulose, brittle, striate, 148 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLORY. fibrous; gills attenuated beliiud, nearly free, ventricosc, crowded, dirty-greyish. — Bolt. t. 35. In pastures. Not uncommon. Inodorous. Stem com- pressed, splitting. 238. A. (Nolanea) rufo-carneus, B. ; pileus submemhra- naceous, hemispherical, mnbilicate, indistinctly fi])rilloso-squa- mulose, red-brown ; margin striate ; stem elongated, pale rufous, rather incrassated at the base ; gills adnatc, ventricosc, attenuated behind, slightly connected and traversed by veins. —Eng. Fl. v.pt. 2. p. 82. On heaths. Dorset. Pileus 1 inch across ; stem 2| inches high. Taste rather bitter. 239. A. (Nolanea) rubidus, B. ; pileus membranaceous, con- vex, at length umbilicate, finely silky; stem short, thickest above, solid, minutely silky; gills broad, ventricosc, adnate, attenuated behind, sometimes subdecurrent, whitish, then rose- coloured. — Mag. Zool. and Bot. i. t. 2./. 2. In stoves. Milton. Pileus one-third of an inch across ; stem 1^-2 lines high, white or greyish. Smell like that of new flour. 240. A. (Nolanea) Babingtonii, Blox. ; pileus conico-cam- panulate, cinereous, shining like silk, adorned with dark brown subfasciculate fibres, which are free at one end ; stem equal, fistulose, clothed with dark brown down, substrigose ; gills ventricosc, distant, cinereous, darker at the base, adnate, glit- tering with little points. — Ann. of Nat. Hist. v. xiii. ser. ii. p. 400. Rare. Twycross, Rev. A. Bloxam. Occurs also in Penn- sylvania. Pileus scarcely half an inch across. No species of the subgenus Eccilia has yet occurred in Great Britain. AGARICINI. 149 Scries 3. — Deiimini. Sjwres ferruginous, sometimes tawny or brownish.'^ Subgenus IG. Piioliota. — Stem furnished uith a ring. 241. A. (Pholiota) aureus, Mathusk. ; pileus fleshy, convex, obtuse, sprinkled with innate hairy scales ; stem solid, nearly equal; ring narrow, spreading; gills emarginate, olivaceous, then ferruginous. — Sow. t. 77 ; Hiiss. i. /. 71. On dead stumps. Not uncommon. Spores ferruginous. Pileus 4 inches across, of a golden-tawny ; gills rounded be- hind, and decurrent in the same group of specimens ; stem minutely squamulose above, fibrillose below, not smooth as in the character of Fries. Taste bitter. — See Observations in Eng. FL 242. A. (Pholiota) durus, Bolt. ; pileus somewhat compact, convexo-plane, smooth, at length cracked into little arese; margin even ; stem stuffed, hard, fibrous externally, rather thickened above and mealy ; ring more or less torn ; gills adnate, ventricose, livid, then of a brown-rust colour. — Bolt. t.67.f.l. In gardens, Bolton. Brighton, Dr. Badham. Pileus pale tawny, or brownish -tan. 243. A. (Pholiota) prsecox, P. ; pileus soft, fleshy, convexo- plane, obtuse, even, at length smooth ; stem stufted, then hol- low, cylindric, farinoso-pubescent, at length smooth, white, as well as the entire ring; gills emarginate, adnexed, crowded, white, at length brownish. (Plate 8, fig. 1.) In gardens and pastures. Spring. Common. About two inches across. Ring striate above. Paler than the last, but it is very doubtful whctlicr it is really distinct. * The Cortinaril have red-ocliraceous spores (peroxide of ii'oii), and a veil consisting of spider-web tlircads. 150 OUTLINES OF URITISU FUNGOLOGV. 244. A. (Pholiota) radicosus, Bull. ; pilcus flcslij^ equal, obtuse, at first shining spotted with adpvesscd scales ; stem solid, rooting, mealy above the distant ring, concentrically scaly below ; gills ventricosc, pallid, then reddish-brown. — Bull. t. 160. In woods. Not uncommon. Pilcus 3 inches or more across, of a dirty pale-ochre; gills adnatc, but free according to Fries, whose character is perhaps taken from Bulliard. Smell like that of prussic acid. 245. A. (Pholiota) pudicus, Bull. ; pilcus fleshy, convex, then expanded, obtuse, dry, smooth; stem solid, nearly equal, even ; ring spreading, persistent ; gills rounded behind, ad- nexed, vcntricose, whitish, then tawny. — Hiiss. ii. /. 31. On elder-trunks, etc. Not common. Canterbury, etc. Pileus sometimes rivulose, dirty- white. Esculent. 246. A. (Pholiota) comosus, Fr. ; pileus fleshy, convex, ob- tuse, viscid, sprinkled with evanescent, superficial, floccosc scales ; stem solid, somewhat bulbous, white, as well as the evanescent floccose ring ; gills quite entire, subdccurrcnt, wdiite, then of a brownish clay-colour. — Bolt. t. 42. On trunks. I know nothing of this species. 247. A. (Pholiota) aurivellus, Batsch ; pilcus fleshy, cam- panulate at first, then convex, gibbous, slightly viscid, variegated Avith close-pressed darker scales ; stem stuffed, nearly equal, curved, sprinkled with brownish, ferruginous, close-pressed scales ; ring rather distant ; gills sinuated behind, fixed, white, then straw-coloured, and finally ferruginous. — Batsch, f. 115. On trunks of trees. Rare. Pileus tawny, 3 inches across. 248. A. (Pholiota) squarrosus, Mi'iU. ; pileus fleshy, caui- panulate, then convex, expanded, dry, rough with squarroso, crowded, innate, dark, rcvolute scales, as well as the attenuated AGAUICINI. 151 stem ; gills subdccurrcut, crowded, narrow^ pale olive, then ferruginous. — Sow. t. 284; Huss. i. t. 8. On trunks of trees. Very common, Csespitose. Pilcus brownish-tawny, 3 inches across. Very handsome. There are one or two varieties with less squarrose scales. 249. A. (Pholiota) adiposus, Fr. ; pilous compact, couvexo- plane, obtuse, yellow, glutinous, and rough with superficial, evanescent, concentric, darker scales, as well as the stuffed, somewhat bulbous stem ; gills adnatc. broad, yellow, then fer- ruginous. (Plate 8, fig. 2.) On beech and ash trunks. Extremely beautiful, growing in large tufts ; coloured like a ripe pine-apple. 250. A. (Pholiota) flammans, Fr. ; pilcus fleshy, couvexo- plane, somewhat umbonate, dry, clothed with superHcial, hairy, paler scales; stem stufied, then hollow, equal, somewhat flex- uous, rough with scales; ring entire, yellow, as well as the fixed, crowded, very entire gills. In pine-woods. Scotland. Pileus tawny, scales yellow. A very pretty species. 251. A. (Pholiota) mutabilis, S chaff. ; pileus fleshy, con- vex, then flattened out, turning pale ; margin thin ; stem rigid, stuff'ed, then hollow, rough with scales, dark brown at the base; gills adnato-dceurrent, croAvdcd, pale, then cinnamon. (Plate 8, fig. S.)~Huss. ii. t. 27. On trunks of trees, especially lime-stumps, or on the ground. Not uncommon. The changeable, smooth, cinnamon-coloured pileus easily distinguishes this species, which varies much in size. 252. A. (Pholiota) marginatus, Batsch ; pilcus slightly fleshy, convex, expanded, smooth, moist, h ygrophanous ; mar- gin striate ; stem fistulose, soft, not scaly, pruinosc above the fugitive ring, darker at the base, and clothed with white 152 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGY. velvety down ; gills adnate, crowded, watery cinnamou. — Batsch, f. 207. On the ground, especially amongst firs. Common. 253. A. (Pholiota) pximilus, Fr. ; pileus slightly fleshy, he- mispherical, obtuse, even; stem fistulose, thin, subfibrillose, ring rather fugacious; gills adnate, crowded, broad, yellowish. In woods. Rare. Wothorpe, October 1859. Pileus only a few lines broad, yellowish. 254. A. (Pholiota) mycenoides, Fr. ; pileus membranaceous, campanulate, then convex, deeply striate, hygrophanous, smooth, as well as the fistulose, slender, ferruginous stem; ring membranaceous, white ; gills adnate, rather distant, fer- ruginous. — Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. ii. vol. ii. p. 261. t. 9. /. 1 [A. mesodactylius) . On the ground, in damp dells. Rare. My plant has a white stem, but, as Fries considers it the same with his A. mycenoides, I am content to follow his views, 255. A. (Pholiota) Leveillianus, Doz. and Molk. ; hard, fleshy, thin, convex, umbonate, clothed with a glutinous, dark brown, opaque pellicle, at length wrinkled and paler when dry; stem hollow, nearly equal, fibrilloso-squamose below the ring, white, with a reddish tinge ; gills broad, adnate, dccur- rent, white, then pink, at length rufous. — A. jecorinus, B. and Br. I. c. p. 260. On soil. Rare. Rushton, Northamptonshire. About 1^-2 inches across. Subgenus 17. Hebeloma. — Yeil, if present, floccose, not inter- woven. Stem fleshy; gills sinuated. 1. Cuticle fihrous, d/ry. * Pileus squarrose ; stem scaly, dark. 256. A. (Hebeloma) relicinus, Fr. : pileus fleshy, thin, co- AOAIIICINI. 153 nical, then expanded^ obtuse, rough uith tomentosc scales; stem solid, soft, equal, floecoso-squamose ; gills adncxcd, crowded, yellow, then dingy-olive. In marshy fir- woods, amongst Sphagna. Kinnordy, Klotzsch. Pileus 1 inch across. 257. A. (Hebeloma) lanuginosus, Fr. ; pileus fleshy, hemi- spherical, expanded, obtuse, floecoso-squamose, the scales of the disc erect and sharp ; stem thin, solid, squamoso-fibrillose, clothed with white dust above ; gills thin, separating, toothed, of a pallid clay-colour. Pileus umber, inclining to yellow. — Bull. t. 370. On the ground. Not common. The gills in Bulliard's plate are represented as reddish, but in the text they are de- scribed as '' fuligineo-ferruginese." 258. A, (Hebeloma) plumosus, Bolt. ; pileus slightly fleshy, convexo-plane ; disc squarrosc, with erect, fasciculate hairs ; margin fibrillose; stem stuffed, then hollow, slender, flcxuous, flocculoso-squarrose, naked above ; gills subadnate, scarcely crowded, ventricose, quite entire, dingy. — Bolt. t. 33. In moist pine-woods. I have not met with this species. ** Pileus scaly ; stem fibrillose, paler than the pileus. 259. A. (Hebeloma) pyriodorus, P. ; pileus fleshy, conical, then expanded, nmbonate, clothed with adpressed, fibrous scales; stem stuffed, firm, equal, fibrillose from the remains of the veil ; pruinose and pale above ; gills emarginate, rather distant, dirty-white, then reddish-brown. In woods. Not uncommon. Smell like that of decaying pears. Pileus 2 inches across, pale brownish-ochre. 260. A. (Hebeloma) scaber, Miill. ; pileus fleshy, conical, then obtusely gibbous, sprinkled with close-pressed fibrous scales ; stem thick, solid, ccjual, clothed with silky threads, veiled ; gills adnexcd, crowded, dingy. — Sutr. I. 207. 154; OUTLINES 01' UllITISII FUXGOLOGY. In woods. Not common. Pilous 1^ inch across, clingy. 261. A. (Hebeloma) lacerus, Fr. ; pileus somcAvliat fleshy, convex, expanded, obtusely umbonate, clothed Avith little fibrillose scales ; stem stuffed, thin, short, fibrillose, naked above, red within ; gills adnexed, broad, ventricose, white, tinged with red, then mouse-coloured. On the naked ground, in Avoods. Not uncommon. 2G2. A. (Hebeloma) floeeulosus, B. ; pileus snbcarnose, convex, subcampanulate, umbonate, sericeo-squamulose ; stem fibrillose, squamuloso-pulverulent above ; gills pale fawn- coloured, then obscurely ferruginous, ventricose, adnate. — Eng. Fl. I. c. 2h 97. On the naked soil, and amongst grass. Rare. Smell like that of new meal. Pileus 1 incli across, brownish-fawn. Amongst grass the pileus is smoother, more tawny, and the gills broadly adnate. 2G3. A. (Hebeloma) Hookeri, Klotzsch ; pileus submem- branaceous, obtuse, umbonate, clothed Avith branny scales; stem shining, purple, pruinose Avith faAvn- coloured meal ; gills purple, at length cinnamon, adnexed. — Eng. Fl. J. c. In garden-pots. Glasgow, Dr. J. D. Hooker. Pileus 5-8 lines across, fawn-coloured. 264?. A. (Hebeloma) obsctirus, P. ; pileus somcAvhat fleshy, flatly campanulatc, umbonate, longitudinally fibrillose; disc scaly ; stem stuffed, somcAvhat flexuous, fibrillose, violet-broAvn ; gills adnexed, uncinate, croAvded, ventricose, oliA^e, then brown. On the naked ground. East Bergholt, Dr. Badham. Pileus scarcely an inch across. *** pilfiiis rimosr ; stem tcliiiish, sligliihj tinged irith the colour of the pileus, fibrillose. 265. A. (Hebeloma! fibrosus, Soiv. : pileus fleshy, thin, ob- AGAUICINI. 155 tuscly campanulatc, silky, cvciij at length cracked ; margin flexuous, broken ; stem long, solid, striate, squaraoso-flocculose above; gills free, crowded, linear-lanceolate, dirty-wliitc. — Sow. t. 414. In fir-woods. Keynston, Dorsetsliirc, Miss Ruckett. Fries refers A. rejmndus, Bull., to this species, Pileus 4 inches across. Stem 1 inch thick. 266. A. (Hebeloma) fastigiatus, Fr. ; pileus fleshy, thin, conico-campanulatc, longitudinally filjrous, cracked ; stem solid, stout, rather twisted, finely fibrillose; gills crowded, free, yellow, then brownish-olive ; spores rough. (Plate 8, fig. 4.) In woods. Rare. King's Cliffe. June. Pileus 2 inches across, yellow-broAvn. Stem attenuated upwards. Spores rough with little nodules. 267. A. (Hebeloma) Curreyi, B.; pileus convex, expanded longitudinally, fibrous, slightly cracked, not umbonate ; stem straight, attenuated upwards, finely fibrillose ; gills yellowish, then brownish-olive, free ; spores perfectly even. In woods. Fineshade, Northamptonshire, Aug. 8. Closely resembling tlie last, but by no means umbonate. The stem is dark, and the spores, which arc subeymbiform, perfectly even. 268. A. (Hebeloma) rimosus, Bull. ; pileus thin, fleshy, campanulatc, fibrous, expanded longitudinally, rimose ; stem solid, firm, nearly smooth, bulbous, mealy above; gills free, somewhat ventricose, brownish clay-coloured. (Plate 8, fig. 5.) On the ground, in woods. Extremely common. Pileus brownish, with a yellow tint. There are several varieties, in some of which the stem is white, in others coloured like the pileus. 269. A. (Hebeloma) auricomus, Batsch ; small, thin : 156 OUTLINES or nniTisii fungology. fixcd^ vcntricosc, dirty-wbitc^ changing to brown. — Batsch, / 21. In woods. Not uncommon. 270. A. (Hebeloma) trechisporus, B. ; pilcus submcmbra- naccous, convex, strongly imibonate, at first viscid, bnt soon dry and silky ; stem slightly striate and mealy ; gills ventri- cosc, emarginatc, scarcely adnate, pinkish-grey ; spores rough. {Plate 8, fig. 6.) In woods, amongst fern. Not common. Al)out 1 inch across, tawny. The spores arc like those of A. fastiyiatus and lacet'us. **** Pileus not rimose ; disc even ; stem jJolisJied, wliite. 271. A. (Hebeloma) sindonius, Fr.; pileus fleshy, thin, conico-convex, gibbous, obtuse, clothed with velvety down; veil more or less a])pendiculate ; stem with a distinct pith, at length hollow and smooth ; gills attenuated, adnexed, lanceo- late, dirty-white, becoming brown. — Soiv. t. 3G5 [a large form) . In moist shady places. Earc. Pileus at length smooth. 272. A. (Hebeloma) geophyllus, Soiv. ; pileus somewhat fleshy, conical, then expanded, umbonate, even, silky; stem stuffed, equal, rather firm, wliite ; veil fibrillose ; gills crowd- ed, adnexed, white, then dingy, then eurth-coloured. — Soio. t, 124. On the ground, in woods. Extremely common. About an inch across. Pilcus white, lilac, etc. 273. A. (Hebeloma) lueifugus, Fr. ; pileus rather fleshy, convexo-plane, somewhat umbonate, clothed with little close- pressed fibres or scales; stem firm, solid, equal, smooth, some- what pruinosc above ; gills nearly free, crowded, plane, of a dirty yellowish-white, then olive. — Pers. Ic. Pict. t. 15./. 2. AGARTCINI. 157 On the ground, in woods. Not uncommon. Pilcus about an inch across, brownish or olive. 2. Cuticle smooth, fonninrj a distinct 2^eUiclc. 274. A. (Hebeloma) testaceus, Batsch ; pilcus fleshy, campanulato-convex, obtuse, even, slightly viscid ; stems hol- low, somewhat bulbous, flocculoso-fibrillose, pale, mealy above; gills attenuated, nearly free, lanceolate, crowded, pale, then ferruginous, ascending. — Batsch, f. 198. In Avoods. Coed Coch, Mrs. Wynne. Pileus 2-3 iuclics across, reddish. Smell very strong. This is the only species of the veiled Fastibiles which has occurred in this country. 275. A. (Hebeloma) crustviliniformis, Bull.; pileus fleshy, convex, at length plane, rather waved, smooth, somewhat viscid ; stem stuffed, firm, somewhat bulbous, dirty-white, clothed more or less with little floccose scales ; gills crowded, thin, annexed, dirty-white, then of a watery cinnamon ; edge crenulate, guttate. (Plate 9, fig. I.)— Bull. t. 308, 546. In woods. Extremely common. Forming large rings. Smell like that of the flowers of the common laurel. A. j)lanus, Sow., is apparently a small form of this species. 27G. A. (Hebeloma) longicaudus, P. ; pileus fleshy, con- vex, expanded, even, smooth, viscid; stem rather hollow, brittle, nearly equal, wliite, mealy above; gills emarginate, crowded, serrulate, dry, of a pale clay-colour. (Plate 9, fig. 2.) In woods. Not common. Pileus pale. Subgenus 18. Flammula. — Stem fleshy ; gills aduate or decurrent. 277. A. (Flammula) scambus, Fr. ; pileus rather fleshy, convexo-plane and slightly depressed, floccoso- villous, viscid 158 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGY. in moist weather ; stem short, incurved, white, flocculose, and veiled, attenuated below ; gills subdecurrent, of a yellowish clay-colour. On larch. Flinthara, Notts. Pilcus about 1^ inch across. Stem at length ferruginous. Bolton^s t. 55 is referred by Fries to A. vinosus, but it is surely Paxillus invohdus. 278. A. (Plammvila) lentus, P. ; pileus fleshy, convcxo- plane, even, viscid, at first clothed Avith a few evanescent scales; stem long, equal, scaly; gills adnate, dirty-white, then clay- coloured. On stumps. Not uncommon in the north. Pileus and stem dirty- white. 279. A. (Flammula) flavidus, Schceff. ; pileus fleshy, con- vexo-plane, equal, smooth, moist ; stem somewhat hollow, fi- brillose, yellow, then ferruginous ; gills adnatc, yellow, then ferruginous. — Schceff. t. 35. On trunks of fir-trees, etc. Abundant on lime. Northamp- tonshire. Remarkable for its fine yellow tints. Spores bright ferruginous. 280. A. (Flammula) inopus, Fr. ; pilcus thin, fleshy, con- vexo-plane, moist, smooth ; stem fistulose, thin, flexuous, closely fibrillose, at length brick-red below; gills adnatc, crowded, linear, of a dingy whitish-yellow. — Bolt. t. 148. On pine-trunks. Introduced on the authority of Fries's quotation of Bolton. He also thinks that A. hybridus, Sow., may be the same species. 281. A. (Flammula) hybridus, Fr. ; pileus fleshy, hemi- spherical, expanded, obtuse, smooth, even, moist ; stem stufied with soft tissue, attenuated above, tawny, clothed with a whit- ish veil which forms a ring; gills adnatc, rather crowded, pale yellow, inclining to tawny. On fir-stumps. Gopsall, Rev. A. Bloxam. This does not AGARICINI. 159 seem to be A. hybridus, Sow., whose affinities arc doubtful. It is tlic only species of the pine-borne Flammulce that has been sent me as British, but it is probable that one or two occur in Scotland. Subgenus 19. NAUCOErA. — Stem cai'tilaginous externally ; margin more or less convex ; pilous inflexed. * Pileiis smooth; sjwres of a hriglit ferruginous tint. 282. A. (Naucoria) Cucumis, P. ; pileus slightly fleshy, broadly carapanulatc, smooth, turning pale; stem slender, firm, smooth, dark-brown, thickened at the tip, subpruinose ; gills slightly annexed, ventricose, pallid, safTron-yellow. — Soiv. t. 341. Amongst sawdust, etc. Not very uncommon. The dark- brown stem, buff gills, and fishy smell, easily distinguish this curious species. 283. A. (Naucoria) Centunculus, Fr.; pileus slightly fleshy, convexo-plane, dingy-greenish, then yellowish, turning pale; stem fistulose, clothed with white down at the base, sprinkled M'ith white meal above, cinereous-yellow, as well as the broad, thick, adnate, seceding gills. On rotten wood. Rare. Apetliorpe. Pileus only a few lines across. Gregarious. 281. A. (Naucoria) horizontalis, Bull. ; pileus slightly fleshy, plano-convex, obtuse, even, smooth, watery-cinnamon, as well as the very short, incurved, naked stem, and rounded, free, plane gills. — Sow. t. 311. On trunks of elms. Rare. Burghlcy Park, etc. Pileus only a few lines broad. Habit like that of yi. corticola. 285. A. (Naucoria) nuceus, Bolt. ; pileus submembrana- ceous, globoso-campanuhitc, umbilicatc, dotted ; margin in- curved, somew hat lobed ; stem slender, fistulose, silky, white ; 160 OUTLINES OF liRlTISH FUNGOLOOY. gills attenuated, adnate, ascending, somewhat lobed, cinna- mon. — Bolt. t. 70. On the ground, amongst fir-trees, Bolton. I have never seen this species. Pileus scarcely an inch across, pale chestnut. 286. A. (Naucoria) melinoides, Fr. ; pileus slightly fleshy, convexo-plaue, obtusely umbonate, smooth, moist; stem hol- low, rather thick, pruinose above, white at the base ; gills ad- natc, broad, triangular, toothed, honey-coloured. (Plate 9, fig. 3.) On lawns. Very common. Pileus about an inch across, yellowish. ** Pileus smooth ; spores hroicnisJi-ferruginoics. 287. A. (Naueoria) vervacti, Fr. ; pileus fleshy, convexo- planc or umbonate, smooth, viscid, shining Avhen dry; stem stuffed, then hollow, attenuated, smooth, stiff", dirty-white, rootless ; gills adnate, with a decurrent tooth, crowded, then ventricose, pallid, then ferruginous-brow^n. In meadows, gardens, etc. Bromley, M?'. Sparkes. Pro- bably not uncommon. Pileus yellowish. 288. A. (Naueoria) pediades, Fr. ; pileus slightly fleshy, convexo-plane, obtuse or depressed, dry, at length opaque; stem containing a distinct pith, somewhat flcxuous, slightly silky, yellowish, somewhat bulbous at the base ; gills adnexed, broad, somewhat distant, brownish, then dirty-cinnamon. In pastures. Cranford, Middlesex, Mr. J. Graham. Pro- bably not uncommon. 289. A. (Naueoria) semiorbicularis, Bull. ; pileus slightly fleshy, hemispherical, expanded, even, smooth, somewhat vis- cid ; stem slender, tough, nearly straight, pale ferruginous, shining, containing a distinct separable pith ; gills adnate, very broad, ci'owdcd, pallid, then ferruginous. (Plate 9, fig. 4.) AGARICINI. 161 Ou lawns and pastures. Summer and early autumn. Ex- tremely common. Often confounded with A. semiglobatus. 290. A. (Naucoria) inquilinus, Fr. ; pileus suhmembrana- ceous, convexo-plane, smooth, slightly striate, hygrophanous, somewhat fleshy in the centre; stem short, fistulose, tough, dark-brown, attenuated downwards ; gills triangular, convex, adnato-decurrent, scarcely crowded, brownish-ferruginous. On chips, in woods, gardens, etc. Royal Botanic Gardens, Regent's Park, etc. Pileus a few lines across, yellowish or tan-coloured. *** Pileus flocculose or squamulose. 291 . A. (Naucoria) furfuraceus, P. ; pileus slightly fleshy, convexo-plane, obtuse and depressed, moist, hygrophanous, at first clothed with silky evanescent scales ; stem fistulose, floc- culose, rigid, pale ; gills adnate, decurrent, rather distant, cin- namon. On chips, etc. Extremely common. Pileus reddish-brown, often nearly white when dry. 292. A. (Naucoria) erinaceus, Fr. ; pileus slightly fleshy, convex, somewhat umbilicatc, clothed with scales consisting of fasciculate hairs; stem slender, fistulose, short, incurved, hairy; gills adnate, rather crowded, entire. — Sow. t. 417. On dead sticks. Rare. Southwick, Northamptonshire, etc. Pileus half an inch across, Ijright brown, as well as the stem. 293. A. (Naucoria) siparius, Fr. ; pileus slightly fleshy, obtuse, clothed with downy scales, as well as the stufted stem, which is pruinose above ; gills broad, adnate, somewhat dis- tant, floccose at the edge. On soil and caddis-cases at the edge of a pond. East Bergholt, Dr. Badhani. Resembling the last, but not so bright in colour. 162 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGY. Subgenus 20. Gtalera. — Stem externally subcartilaginous ; pileus more or less campanulate ; margin straight. 294. A. (Galera) reticulatus, P. ; pileus slightly fleshy, campanulato-cxpandcd, viscid, rough with a network of veins; margin striate ; stem brittle, flbrillose, white ; gills free, ven- tricose, crowded, of a yellow-ferruginous tint. (Plate 9, fig. 5.) On dead wood. Rare. Korthamptonshirc. Pileus pale violet. Care must be taken to distinguish this from such species as A, phlebophorus. The affinities of A. pilipes, Sow., are altogether doubtful, 295. A. (Galera) lateritius, Fr. ; pileus submembranace- ous, acorn-shaped, then conical, even, hygrophanous ; stem tall, brittle, straight, attenuated upwards, and frosted with white meal; gills linear, nearly free, very narrow, tawny- ferruginous.— F/. Dan. t. 1846./. 2. In rich pastures. Rare. Fineshade, Northamptonshire. Pileus and stem more ferruginous than in the next. 296. A. (Galera) tener, Sclueff. ; pileus su])membrauacc- ous, conico-campanulate, obtuse, hygrophanous; stem straight, brittle, shining, nearly of the same colour; gills adnate, crowded, ascending, rather broad, cinnamon. — Sow. t. 33. Rich pastures, dungy ground, etc. Extremely common. Pileus nearly white when dry, tawny when moist. There is another distinct species with a more conical pileus, which is minutely rivulpse, with a sulcatc margin, and smaller spores, which for the present I refrain from naming. 297. A. (Galera) ovalis, Fr. ; pileus submembranaceous, ovali-campanulate, even, hygrophanous ; stem straight, equal, slightly striate, nearly of the same colour; ring fugitive; gills nearly free, ventricose, very broad, i'erruginous. — Bull. t. 552. /•I. AGARICINI. 163 On dung. Eare. A larger species than the last. Pileus dusky-ferruginous. 298. A. (Galera) confertus, Bolt. ; pileus subraembranace- ous, acutely conico-earapanulate, smooth, hygrophanous ; stem slender, silky, shining, naked; base equal, deeply rooting; gills slightly adnexed, rather distant, white, then brownish- ochraceous. — Bolt. ^.18. In stoves. Rare. I have not met Avith this species. Densely crowded. 299. A. (Galera) sparteus, Fr.; pileus membranaceous, campanulato-convex, then expanded, hygrophanous, dry, even, smooth ; stem thin, flexible, smooth ; gills adnate, crowded, plane, cinnamon. — Bolt. t. 51./. 1. Amongst moss, in meadows. Kare. Pileus about half an inch across, cinnamon, tan-coloured when dry. 300. A. (Galera) embolus, Fr. ; pileus membranaceous, campanulate, obtuse, radiato-striate, hygrophanous; stem quite smooth, shining, thickened upwards ; gills thick, very distant, adnate, triangular. Amongst heath. On Moelfre-uchaf, Denbighshire. Pileus tawny when moist, ochraceous when dry. Tufted. 301. A. (Galera) Hypnorum, Batsch ; pileus membrana- ceous, campanulate, with frequently a central papilla, smooth, striate, hygrophanous ; stem thin, flcxuous, of the same co- lour, pruinose above; gills adnate, rather distant, broad, at length plane, cinnamon-yellow. — Sow. t. 282. Amongst moss. Extremely common. Yellowish in every part. Requires to be cautiously distinguished from small A. melinoides. Attend to the difference of the margin. Subgenus 21. Ceepidotus. — Pileus exceutric ; spores not wliite. 302. A. (Crepidotus) alveolus, Laach ; pilous fleshy, soft, M 2 164 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOOY. lateral, obovatc, and waved, opaque, contracted and tomentoso- villous behind ; gills crowded, determinate, broad, clay-brown. On old stumps. King's Cliftc. Pileus brownish-ochraceous. Nearly allied to the next, but not so soft and watery. 303. A. (Crepidotus) mollis, S'cA«^.; pileus subgelatinous, flaccid, even, smooth, turning pale ; stem obsolete ; gills crowded, linear, dirty- white, then watery-cinnamon. (Plate 9, fig. 6.) — Huss. i. t. 74. On old stumps. Common. Pileus l|-3 inches across, pale. 304. A. (Crepidotus) haustellaris, Fr. ; pileus slightly fleshy, reniform, even, slightly villous ; stem lateral, attenuated uj)- wards, villous, white ; gills rounded, nearly free, brownish- cinnamon. — Bnischjf. 121. On dead trunks. Rare. Not observed since the time of Withering. 305. A. (Crepidotvis) Rubi, B. ; pileus fleshy, clothed with very minute crystalline meal ; stem short, incurved, solid, stri- gose at the base; gills adnato-decurrent, greyish, then umber, slightly ventricose. (Plate 9, fig. 7.) On dead bramble, etc. Rare. Pileus half an inch across, yellowish or livid-grey. Spores umber. 306. A. (Crepidotus) ohimonophilus, B. and Br. ; white ; pileus convex, rather thick, villous ; stem very short or obso- lete; gills distant, attenuated behind. On small dead branches of Pyrus torminaJis. Benefield, Northamptonshire. Spores pale yellow-brown. Pileus a quarter of an inch across. JNFargin inflexed. 307. A. (Crepidotus) variabilis, P.; pileus submcmljrana- ceous, resupinate, then reflexed, clothed with white down ; gills rather close, white, then rusty-red, at length pale-cinna- mon. (Plate 10, fig. \.)—Huss. i. /. 50. AGAIMCINI. 1C5 On sticks, dead furze, etc. Extremely common. Easily- known by its reddish gills, which resemble in colour those of Hyporhodii. 308. A. (Crepidotus) depluens, Batsch ; pilcus subraem- branaceous, resupinate, then reflexed, somewhat conchate, clothed with white down behind ; gills broad, crowded, grey, then rcMi^h.— Batsch, f. 122. On the ground, in stoves, etc. Not common. Whitish when dry. 309. A. (Crepidotus) byssisedus, P. ; pileus submembra- naceous, resupinate, then reflexed, nearly plane, pruinose M'ith greyish down ; stem incurved ; gills broad, dirty-white, inclining to cinereous. — Pers. Jc. and Desc. t. 14./. 4.. On the ground. Rare. Spores irregular, as in many of smaller Hyporhodii. 310. A. (Crepidotus) Pezizoides, Nees ; pileus sessile, thin, cup-shaped, then reflexed, mealy, subtomentose ; gills meeting in the centre, rather distant, olive-brown, then tawny. On rotten branches. Rare. Found only in Warwickshire, by Mr. Rufford. Series 4. Prati:ll,e. — Spores brownisli-purple or broivn. Subgenus 22. Psalliota.— Veil fixed to the stem, fo inning a ring. 311. A. (Pratella) campestris, L. ; pileus fleshy, couvexo- plane, dry, flocculose or squamulosc ; stem stuffed, even, white ; ring placed about the middle of the stem, somewhat torn; gills free, approximate, vcntricose, subdeliquescent, flesh-coloured, then brown. (Plate 10, fig. 2.) — Huss. i. t. 90. In rich pastures. Common in most parts of the world, and extremely variable. Some of the forms are as follows : — 166 OUTLINES or BRITISH FUNGOLOGY. A. PRATENsis^ Vitt. ; distinguislicd by the small rufous scales of the pileus, and the flesh having a slight pink tinge. King's Cliffe. East Bcrgholt. A. viLLATicuSj BroncL, acquires a large size, and is very scaly. This has been found by Dr. Badham in Suffolk. A. siLvicoLA, Vilt., has a shining, smooth pileus, and an elongated bulbous stem, and is not uncommon in woods. The jNIushroom of our gardens is also a distinct form, re- markable for its brownish hue and fibrillose or squamulose pileus. Mr. Buchanan has sent a very distinct bed-Mushroom, Avhich has the merit of being excellent in quality, and ex- tremely prolific. It has a Avhite, opaque, nearly smooth, depressed pileus. He also sent at the same time a variety with a tall stem and somewhat bulbous base, approaching A. silvicola, Vitt. A. VAPORARius, otto, has a broad, entire ring, while A. iHiporarius, Vitt., has a brown pilose coat, which covers the stem as well as the pileus, and leaves transverse fragments on the stem as it elongates. Finally, a very distinct variety is represented in our Plate 10, fig. 3, which is rufous, like A. vaccinus, and whose flesh turns of a bright red when bruised. In this the gills are at first perfectly white, as in A. cretaceus. All of these might be proposed as distinct species, with al- most as much justice as the two or three which follow. 312. A. (Psalliota) arvensis, Schaff. ; pileus fleshy, ob- tusely conico-carapanulate, then expanded, at first floccose, then smooth, even, or rivulose ; stem hollow, with a floccose pith ; ring broad, pendulous, double, the outer split in rays ; gills free, wider in front, at first dirty-Avhite, then browu, tinged with pink. (Plate 10, fig. 4.)—Huss. i. t. 76, 77. In meadows, forming large rings, and attaining an enor- AGAHICINl. 167 mous size. A coarse, but wholesome species, often turning yellow when l)ruised. There is also a sealy ta^vny form. 313. A. (Psalliota) cretaceus, Fr. ; pileus fleshy, campa- nulate, then couvexo-plane, even, nearly smooth or rivulose ; stem hollow, equally attenuated, even, white; ring simple, reflexed, and again ascending ; gills remote, broader in front, for a long time white. (Plate 10, fig. 5.) In meadows and stoves. Not common. Generally pure white. The stem is suidc into the substance of the pilous so as to make the gills remote. At first sight looks much like a Lepiota, as, for example, A. naucinus. 314. A. (Psalliota) silvaticus, Schtbff. ; pileus fleshy, thin, campanulate, then expanded, gibbous, fibrillose or squamose; stem hollow, at first stuffed with delicate threads, unequal, dirty- white ; gills free, crowded, thin, dry, reddish, then hrown.—Schceff. t. 242. In woods. Not uncommon. Pileus brownish. Smell strong. 315. A. (Psalliota) echinatus, Roth; pileus slightly fleshy, campanulate, then expanded, obtuse, at first densely pulveru- lent, then scaly; stem fistulose, equal, floceoso-pulverulent below the ring ; gills free, crowded, blood-red. On peat-beds, in gardens. Rare. Milton, Northampton- shire, etc. Pileus about 1^ inch across, of a dingy smoky purple, as is also the stem. Spores sometimes colourless. A most curious species. 316. A. (Psalliota) versicolor, With. ; pileus fleshy, cou- vexo-plane, scurfy, scales of the disc crowded ; stem spongy, bulbous, dirty-white, inclining to brown ; ring persistent ; gills decurrent, pallid, then reddish-])rown. Edgbaston. Pileus greenish-brown. This has not been recognized since the time of AVithcring. 168 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGY. 317. A. (Psalliota) seruginosus, Chirt. ; pilcus fleshy, con- vexo-planc, somcsvliat urnl)onate, clotlicd with green evanes- cent mucus ; stem hollow, equal, scaly and fibrillose below the ring, tinged with blue; gills adnate, soft, brown, tinged with purple.— F/. Land. t. 309; Huss. i. t. 35. In meadows, etc. Very common. Pileus 3 inches across, at first scaly with fragments of the ^'eil, dingy-yellow when tlie green slime has vanished. 318. A. (Psalliota) albo-cyaneus, Desm. ; pileus fleshy, thin, umbonate, even, viscid, livid, then whitish ; stem slen- der, hollow, flexaous, even, whitish ; ring incomplete ; gills attenuato-affixed, whitish flesh-colour, then brownish-purple. —Pers. Myc. Eur. t. 29. f. 2, 3. In meadows, and on dung. Not uncommon. Sometimes with A. ceniginosus, of which it is possil)ly only a variety. 319. A. (Psalliota) melaspermus, Z?m//. ; pileus fleshy, con- vexo-plane, obtuse, soft, even, smooth, slightly viscid ; stem hollo>v, equal, smooth, Avhite, as well as the membranaceous ring; gills slightly adnexed, ventricose, crowded, pallid, then violet-black.— J5«//. t. 540./. 1. In meadows and woods. Rare, Coed Coch. Resembling A. prtBCOx, but with difterent-coloured spores and gills. 320. A. (Psalliota) squamosus, Fr. ; pileus fleshy, thin, convexo-plane, somewhat viscid, sprinkled with superficial concentric scales; stem long, slender, subfistulose, villoso- squamose below the distant ring ; gills adnate, crowded, at length black, edge whitish. (Plate 10, fig. 6.) In woods. Not common. Varying in the nature and number of the scales on the stem and pileus. A beautiful species when well-grown. 321. A. (Psalliota) stercorarius, Fr. ; pileus slightly fleshy, hemispherical, then ex])andcd, smooth, even, somewhat viscid. AGARICINI. 169 as well as the elongated stem, which is at first flocculose, and contains a distinct pith ; gills adnatc, broad, white, then umber or olive-black. On dung. Northamptonshire. Probably not uncommon. Pileus yellowish. Often confounded with the following, which has a fistulosc stem. 322. A. (Psalliota) semiglobatus, Batsch ; pileus slightly fleshy, hemispherical, even, glutinous, and yellowish, as Avell as the fistulosc, slender, smooth, straight stem ; gills broad, adnate, plane, clouded with black. — Grev. t. 344; Huss. i. t. 39. On dung. Extremely common. Said to be poisonous. Subgenus 23. IIvimioloma. — Veil woven into a fugacious web, which adheres to the margin of the pileus. 3.23. A. (Hypholoma) sublateritius, Fr. ; pileus fleshy, convexo-plane, obtuse, discoid, dry, at length smooth ; flesh compact, dirty- white; stem stuffed, fibrillose, attenuated downwards, ferruginous; gills adnate, crowded, white, then dingy-olive. — Huss. i. t. 60, On old stumps, in woods. Common. Pileus 3 inches across, brick-red, variegated with yellow. 324. A. (Hypholoma) fascicularis, Huds. : pileus fleshy, thin, subumbonate, smooth ; stem holloAv, thin, flexuous, fi- brillose, yellow, as well as the flesh of the pileus ; gills adnate, very crowded, linear, subdeliquescent, sulphur-coloured, then greenish. (Plate 11, fig. 1.) — Huss. ii. t. 15. On old stumps, fallen trees, etc. Extremely common. Per- haps confounded occasionally with A. conissans. Taste bitter. 325. A. (Hypholoma) dispersus, Fr.; pileus slightly fleshy, campanulate, expanded, oljtuse, even, silky near the margin from the veil ; stem thin, tough, subfistulose, silky, brown at the 170 OUTLINES OF BUTTISII FUXGOLOGY. base ; gills thin, aclnate, someAvhat vcntricosej croudedj pallid straw-colour, then clouded. On stumps and on the ground, in pine-woods. Mossburn- ford, Jerdon. Coed Coch. Either scattered or fasciculate. Pilous 1^ inch across, tawny. 326. A. (Hypholoma) lacrymabundus, Fr. ; pileus fleshy, campanulato-convex, obtuse, spotted with innate hairy scales ; flesh white, as well as the hollow, fibrilloso-squamose stem, which is slightly thickened at the base ; gills adnate, seceding, white; then brown-purple. On trunks of trees, and on the ground. Pileus not hygro- phanous, as in the next. 327. A. (Hypholoma) velutimis, P. ; pileus somcAvhat fleshy, ovate, then expanded, gibbous, fibrillose, hygropha- nous, at length nearly smooth, fleshy and hollow, equal, fibril- lose, striate ; stem yellow-brown ; gills truncato-adnexed, ven- tricose, scarcely crowded, brown, then umber, studded with drops of moisture. (Plate 11, fig. 2.) On stumps of trees. Extremely common. A^ery variable in size, but generally larger than the foregoing. 328. A. (Hypholoma) appendiculatus, Bull. ; pileus car- noso-merabranaceous, ovate, expanded, smooth, hygrophanous, when dry wrinkled and sparkling with atoms ; stem fistulose, equal, smooth, white, pruinose above ; gills somewhat adnate, eroAAded, dirty-white, then rosy-brown. (Plate 11, fig. 3, l.) On dead stumps. Extremely common. Veil attached in patches to the margin. 329. A. (Hypholoma) Candollianus, Fr.; pileus somcAvhat fleshy, campanulate then convex, expanded, obtuse, smooth, hygrophanous ; stem hollow, brittle, subfibrillose, Avhite, striate above ; gills rounded, adnexed, croAvded, violet, then broAvnish-cinnamon. — Fl. Dun. t. 774. AGARICINI. 171 On dead stumps. Rare. King's Cliffe. I have not seen it elsewhere. Subgenus 24. Psiloctbe. — Veil, if present, not forming a ring. Margin of pileus at first incurved. 330. A. (Psiloeybe) spadiceus, Schaff. ; rigid ; pilous fleshy, convexo-plane, ohtuse, even, moist, hygrophanous ; stem hollow, tough, pallid, even above ; gills rounded behind, adnexed, dry, crowded, white, then rosy-brown. On dead stumps, on the ground, etc., in woods. Very com- mon. A variable species. 331. A. (Psilocytoe) cernuus, Mw//.; pileus slightly fleshy, campanulato-convex, expanded, smooth, hygrophanous, mi- nutely wrinkled when dry; stem flexuous, smooth, white, pruinose above, fistulose ; gills adnate, slightly vcntrieose, scarcely crowded, cinereous, white at first, then brownish- black.— i^/. Dan. t. 1008. On chips, decayed wood, etc. Apethorpe. Pileus pallid. This has no veil. 333. A. (Psiloeybe) FcEnisecii, P. ; pileus slightly fleshy, campanulate, expanded, obtuse, pallid when dry, even, smooth, as well as the fistulose, rootless, pallid-rufous stem ; gills ad- nate, ventricosc, widely emarginate, scarcely crowded, brown- ish-umber. (Plate 11, fig. 5.)—Huss. i. t. 39. Amongst grass, in fields and gardens. Extremely common. Pileus Avhen moist dark-brown. Attention must be paid to the colour of the spores, or this species will be sought for amongst the Panaoli. 333. A. (Psiloeybe) copropliilus, Ball. ; pilous slightly fleshy, hemispherical, expanded, then umbonato, at length smooth, as well as the somewhat fistulose stem, which is 172 OUTLINES OF 15H1TISII FUNGOLOGY. attenuated above and pruinose; gills broad, arcuato-subde- current, livid-brown. — Bull. t. 560./. 3. On dung. Rare, Nortliamptonsbire. Pileus at first white and downy, clothed with little white superficial scales, brown, at length smooth and umber. 334. A. (Psilocybe) hvUlacevis, Bill I. ; pileus slightly fleshy, hemispherical, expanded, smooth, at length umbonate, striate halfway up ; stem short, fistulose, equal, fibrillose ; gills ad- nate, triangular, plane, crowded, ferruginous-broM'n. — Bull, t. 566./. 2. On horse-dung. Not uncommon. Pileus three-quarters of an inch across, bay when moist, tan-coloured when dry. This is probably A. stercorarins, Engl. Fl. 335. A. (Psilocybe) physaloides, Bull. ; pileus slightly fleshy, campanulate, expanded, even, rather viscid ; stem fistulose, flexible, closely fibrillose, bright brown at the base; gills crowded, decurrent, subferruginous. — Bull. t. 566./. 1. On the walls of the sewage-filtering apparatus, Croydon. 336. A. (Psilocybe) areolatus, Klotzsch ; pileus subcar- nose, convex, clothed with minute fibrillar ; cuticle cracking into nearly square patches; stem fistulose, fibrillose, dirty- white ; gills adnate, umber, at length black ; edge white. In gardens. Glasgow, Klotzsch. This is nearly allied to A. t€(jularis, Schum. Pileus ochraceous or brown. 337. A. (PsLloeybe) semilanceolatus, 7'V.; pileus submem- brauaeeous, acutely conical, almost cuspidate, moist, viscid, slightly striate; stem tough, flexuous, pallid, smooth, con- taining a pith ; gills adnexed, ascending, purple-black. — Sow. /. 240./ 1-3. In rich pastures. Common. This is A. callosus, Eng. Fl., a species now divided into two. AGARICINI. 173 Subgenus 25. Psatiitija. — Veil none, or not forming a ring. Pilcus conical or canipanulate ; margin at first straiglit. 338. A. (Psathyra) conopilus, P. ; pilcus submcmbra- iiaceous, campanulatCj umbonate^ slightly wrinkled, turning pale ; stem tall, attenuated upwards, smooth, shining with a silvery lustre; gills slightly adnexed, crowded, bi'ownish-purplc. — Jungh. in Linn. v. t. 6. /. 11. In gardens. Rare. King's Cliffe. Pilcus at first dirty- white, 2 inches across; stem 4-6 inches high. 339. A. (Psathyra) corrugis, P. ; pilaus submembranaceous, canipanulate, umbonate, slightly wrinkled, smooth, turning pale; stem elongated, equal, smooth, white; gills sinuated, adnate, ventricose, violet-black. — Bull. t. 561. /, 1. In pastures. Coed Coch. Pileus tinged with pink. 340. A. (Psathyra) bifrons, B. ; pileus submcmljranaceous, campauulate, obtuse, ochraceous-brown, tinged with red, turn- ing pale-tan ; stem straight, naked ; gills pinkish-cinereous, adnate; margin white. — Engl. Fl. I.e. p. 114. In ditches. Rare. Northamptonshire. Pileus | of an inch across, clothed, when young, with a delicate, evanescent veil. 341. A. (Psathyra) spadiceo-griseus, Schceff. ; pileus sub- membranaceous, conico-campanulate, then expanded, slightly umbonate, smooth, striate, hygrophanous ; stem firm, atte- nuated upwards, shining, white, striate above; gills adnexed, rather crowded, i)rown. — Schceff. t. 237. On chips, etc. Beeston, Notts. Pileus bright brown; gills pale umber at first; stem umber within, 342. A. (Psathyra) flbrillosus, P. ; pilcus submcnil)ra- naceous, campanulato-convex, then expanded, slightly striate, at first fibrillose; stem elongated, very brittle, white, fibril- 174 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGY. loso-squamosc ; gills adnate, plane, very broad behind, purple- black. On the ground, in woods. Rare. Pileus livid, white when dry. The gills in my specimens are 3 lines broad, and nearly equal throughout, so that they must be considered as belong- ing to a distinct variety. 343. A. (Psathyra) gossypinus, Fr. ; pileus subniembra- naceous, campanulato-expanded, tomentose, even, smooth ; margin striate; stem tomentose, dirty-white; gills adnexed, ventricose, white, then brown-black. — Bolt. t. 71. f. 1. In woods, on the ground. Rare. Pileus of a pallid ochre. I believe A. xylophilus, Sow., which Fries refers to A. noli- tangere, is merely a state of A. furfur aceus. Series 5. Cophinarius. — Spores black; gills never becoming purple or brown. Subgenus 26. Pan^olus. — Veil, when present, interwoven. Pileus rather fleshy, without stride ; margin at first extending beyoud the gills, which are clouded. * Pileus viscid lolien moist, sliining lohen dry. 344. A. (Pangeolus) separatus, L. ; pileus somewhat flesh}'^, campanulate, obtuse, even, viscid; stem straight, shining, white, thickened downwards, ring distant; gills fixed, cine- reous-black. (Plate 11, fig. 7.) On dung. Extremely common. Pileus varying a good deal in size, semiovatc, pale tan-coloured ; stem soiled with the black spores. 345. A. (Panseolus) flmiputris, Bull. ; pileus submembra- naceous, conico-cxpanded, somewhat gibbous, even, viscid ; stem slender, equal, smooth, pallid ; gills livid-black. (Plate 11, fig. G.) AGAIIICINI. 175 Ou dung, and in pastures. Very common. Pilous lead- colouredj generally beaded with the veil. 346. A. (Panseolus) Phait»narum, Fr. ; pilous somewhat fleshy, campanulato-convcx, obtuse, even, smooth, viscid ; veil appeudiculate, fugacious ; stem equal, rather firm, nearly naked, at length pale rufous ; gills adnexed, broad, cinereous- black.— 5w//. t. 58. On dung. Apethorpe, Northamptonshire. Probably not uncommon. Pileus pale tan-eolourcd. 347. A. (Pangeolus) retirugis, Batsclt ; pileus somewhat fleshy, at first sidjglobose, at length subumbonate, reticulated with raised ribs, and sparkling ; veil torn, appeudiculate ; stem equal, pruinose, of a pinkish purple; gills ascending, fixed, cinereous-black. — Batsch, /. 91. Ou dung. Coed Coch. Distinguished from A. corruyis by its black spores. 348. A. (Panseolus) campanulatus, L. ; pileus somewhat fleshy, eampanulate, dry, even, smooth, somewhat shining ; stem equal, straight, rufous, striate above ; gills fixed, ascend- ing, variegated with grey and black. — Bull. t. 561. /. 2 L. On rich soil, dung, etc. Common. Pileus brownish, tinged with rufous. 3 19. A. (Panseolus) papilionaceus, Bull. ; pileus somewhat fleshy, hemispherical, smooth, when dry rimoso-squamose j stem equal, even, dirty- white, pruinose above; gills broadly adnate, very wide, at length plane, blackish. — Bull. t. 501. /. 2 N, M. On rich soil, dung, etc. Common. Pileus whitish-grey. 350. A. (Panaeolus) flmicola, Fr. ; pileus slightly fleshy, campanulato-convex, obtuse, smooth, opaque, marked near the margin with a narrow zone; stem brittle, elongated, equal, pallid, pruinose above; gills broad, adnate, variegated with grey and dingy-brown. — Bolt. t. 66./. 1. 17G OUTLINES OF BRITISH 1 UNGOLOGY. On (lung, rich pastures, etc. Not gathered since Bolton^s time. Subgenus 27. Psathtrella. — A'eil not interwoven. Pileus mem- branaceons ; margin not rcacliing beyond the gills. 351. A. (Psathyrella) graoilis, Fr. ; pileus submenibraiia- ceous, conical, slightly striate when moist, hygrophanous ; stem slender, straight, naked, pallid; gills broadly adnate, rather distant, cinereous-black, edged with pale-rose. On hedge- borders. Very common. Pileus brownish, at length often tinged with pink, 352. A. (Psathyrella) hiascens, Fr. ; pileus membranaceous, campanulate, deeply sulcate ; disc even ; stem straight, rigid, brittle, smooth, white ; gills adnate, linear, rather distant, acute in front, pallid, then black. — Bull. t. 552. /. 2 F. Under hedges. Woodnewton. Pileus 1 inch high, 1| inch across, sulcate up to the disc, pale dirty-ochraceous. 353. A. (Psathyrella) aratus, n. s. ; pileus membranaceous, campanulato-conic, rather acute, deeply sulcate ; stem tall, thickened at the base, white, smooth, fistulose ; gills lanceolate, quite free, purplish-black. Under hedges. Woodnewton. Pileus 1 inch high, ^ across, bright brown ; flesh of the disc ot the same colour ; stem 5 inches high. Allied to A. hydrophorus, Bull., but clearly distinct. 354. A. (Psathyrella) atomatus, Fr. ; pilous submcmbra- naceous, campanulate, obtuse, slightly striate, hygrophanous, when dry rugulose, sparkling; stem brittle, white, mealy above; gills broad, adnate, cinereous-black. About hedge-borders, etc. Very common. Pileus at first brownish, then tinged with pink. 355. A. (Psathyrella) disseminatus, P. ; pileus membra- AOARICINI. 177 naceous^ ovato-campanulate^ furfuraceous, then naked, sulcato- plicate, changing colour ; stem somewhat flcxuous, brittle, furfuraceous, then smooth ; gills adnate, broadly linear, dirty- white, then black. — Sotv. t. 1G6. About the trunks of trees, and on the ground. Forming lai'ge tufts. Extremely common. Pileus a few lines only across. Approaching very near to Cojwiiius. A. memhra- naccus, Bolt., is too doubtful as to its affinities to admit of its being registered. 2. COPRINUS, Fr. Gills membranaceous, deliquescent. Spores black. 1. Pileus not jiUcato-suJcaie. 1. C. comatus, Fr. ; pileus rather fleshy, cylindrical, obtuse, then expanded, soon torn up into broad, scattered scales ; stem hollow, fibrillose, stuffed Avith a cottony web ; bulb solid, rooting; ring moveable; gills free, linear, white, then tinged with red. — Grev. t. 119. Sides of roads, pastures, etc. Common. Extremely variable in size. Esculent when young. I believe that Bolt. t. 142 is a mere variety. I have found C. comatus at Abergele equally dwarf, and with a precisely similar volvate ring. 2. C. sterquilinus, Fr. ; pileus membranaceous, conical, expanded, sulcate, at first villous; disc rather fleshy, rough with scales ; stem attenuated, fibrillose, solid, rootless, having a ring; gills free, ventricose, purplish. — Mich. t. 83. /. 3. On dung. Bare. King's Cliffe. About 1 \ inch across. 3. C. atramentarius, Fr. ; pileus rather fleshy, OAate, at first irregular, spotted above with innate scales; stem firm, hollow, zoned within ; ring abrupt, fugacious ; gills free, ven- tricose, white, then purplish-black. (Plate 12, fig. 1.) 178 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGY. About old stumps aucl ou the naked soil in gardens. Very common. Often densely cKspitose. Pileus of a dull^ dingy white or ochre, slightly rugose, sometimes sparkling. 4. C. luridus, Fr. ; pileus submembranaceous, ovato-conical, irregular, smooth, viscid, even ; stem firm, solid, equal, brown ; gills free, ventricose, blue-black. — Bolt. t. 25. On the ground. Not found since the time of Bolton. Perhaps a mere state of the last. 5. C. fuseeseens, Fr. ; pileus submembranaccous, ovato- expanded, polished ; disc slightly fleshy, even or cracked, scaly ; stem hollow, brittle, curved, slightly fibrillose, scarcely annu- late; gills fixed; umber-black. On dead stumps. Rare. Kilmory, Argyllshire, Lady Onle. G. C. pieaceus, Fr. ; pileus membranaceous, ovato-campa- nulate, striate, variegated with broad, white, superficial scales ; stem hollow down to the rootless bulb, brittle, smooth ; gills free, ventricose, cinereous-black. — Sow. t. 170. On roadsides. Rare. Smell often extremely disagreeable. Pileus 2 inches or more across, pied. 7. C. apMhosus, Fr. ; pileus membranaceous, ovato-campa- nulate, free from striae, sprinkled with superficial, floccose scales, then naked; stem hollow, equal, twisted, fibrillose; gills adnate, linear, white, then black. — Bolt. t. 26. In hollow trees, cellars, etc. Not common. 8, C. extinctorius, Fr. ; pileus submembranaccous, clavato- campanulate, straight, margin striate, at first sprinkled with floccose scales ; stem hollow, smooth, attenuated from the rooting base ; gills reaching the stem, lanceolate, white, then brownish-black.— 5o//. /. 21. On the ground. Bolton's plant has not exactly the same habit as Bulliard's, t.437. f. 1, but Fries considers it identical, and it is perhaps a caespitose variety. AGARICINI. 179 9. C. flmetarius, Fr. ; pilous submembranaccous, clavato- conic^ soon torn and revolutej at first rough with white floccosc scales, then naked, longitudinally rimoso-sulcatc, even at the apex ; stem squamulosc, thickened at the base, solid ; gills free, black, lanceolate, then linear and flexuous. On dungheaps. Extremely common. A variable species. Sow. t. 2G.2 represents one of the varieties. Sometimes there is a root as long as the stem. I have this state and a beautiful drawing from ]\Ir. Browne, of Hitchin. 10. C. tomentosus, Fr. ; pileus submembrauaceous, cylin- drical, then conic flocculoso-tomentose, at length longitudi- nally rimose ; stem hollow, rather short, equal, velvety ; gills free, linear, brownish-black. — Bolt. t. 156. On dung and in rich pastures. Not uncommon. The coating sometimes peels off in broad patches. 11. C. niveus, Fr. ; pileus submembranaceous, oval, then campanulate, floccoso-squamulose, and densely furfuraceous ; stem fistulose, equal, villous, Avhite; gills somewhat adnate, narrow, black. — Sow. t. 262. On horse-dung, etc. Very common. Known at once by the white, mealy coat. Sometimes appearing with the first summer rains. 12. C. micaceus, Fr. ; pileus submembrauaceous, oval, then campanulate, rather irregular, striate, sparkling, at length naked, rimoso-sulcate ; stem hollow, finely silky, dirty-white; gills adnexcd, lanceolate, dirty-white, then partially shaded with broAvn. — Sow. t. 261. About old stumps. Extremely common. Remarkable for the sparkling particles with Avhich it is sprinkled. Pileus tawny, often densely csespitose. 13. C. radians, Fr. ; pileus membranaceous, ovato-campa- nulate, sparkling, disc granuloso-squaraose, margin striate; n2 180 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOOY, stem equal, naked, short, springing from radiating flocci ; gills reaching the stem, nearly linear, white, then violet-black. — Sow. t. 145. Desm. Ann. d. Sc. Nat. xiii. t. 10. /. 1. On plaster-walls. Sometimes very abundant. AVhen young it looks like a little Lycoperdon. 14. C. deliquescens, Fr. ; pileus sul^mcmbranaeeous, ovato- campanulate, then expanded, rather irregular, broadly striate, smooth, top studded with innate papillse ; stem hollow, smooth, veiled ; gills at length remote, linear, dingy-l)lack. — Bull. t. 558. /. 1. On old stumps. Not common. Sometimes confounded with C. atramentarius. 2. Pileus gaping in the direction of the trama, licnce plicato- sulcate. 15. C. Hendersonii, Fr. ; pileus minute, at first eylindi'ical, then ovali-eampanulate, at length plane, smooth, striate half- way up ; stem filiform, at length smooth, with a small, erect, entire ring; gills narrow, black. (Plate 24, fig. 8.) On hotbeds. Very rare. Milton, Norths. Looks like a small, annulate A. disseminatus. Pileus minutely granulated under a lens. 16. C. macrocephalus, B. ; pileus at first cylindrical, then cylindrico-campanulate, sprinkled with pointed scales; stem dirty-white, fistulose, clothed with short, cottony down and loose fibres, strigose at the base ; gills linear, perfectly free. On putrid dung. Cotterstock, Norths. Pileus rather more than I an inch across ; scales adpressed or patent ; fibrils of stem deflexed, 17. C. lagopus, Fr. ; pileus very thin, cylindrical, then cam- panulate, clothed with white flocci, at length split, radiato- AGAIIICINI. 181 sulcate^ and I'cvolute; stem very brittle, \;liitc, woolly; gills Tree, linear, at length remote, distant. On dung. Not uncommon. Remarkable for the dense, cottony coat of the stem. 18. C. nychthemerus, Ft\ ; pilens very thin, soon rimose, expanded, flocculoso-furfuraceous, then naked, furcato-striate; stem equal, Haceid, smooth, dirty-white ; gills free, narrow, at length black, at first crowded, then distant, remote. — Bull. t. 5-12. /. D. I. On dung. King's ClifFe. Pileus grey, a few lines across. 19. C. radiatus, Fr. ; very delicate; pileus clavato-campa- nulate, tomcntose, soon split, flattened, naked, plicato-radiate ; stem filiform; gills free, distant, few in number. — Bull. 452. L. E.-H. On dung, in meadows. Very common. Minute. 20. C. domesticus, Fr. ; pileus thin, ovato-eampanulate, obtuse, split, undulato-sulcatc, furfuraceo-squamulose ; stem attenuated, silky, white ; gills fixed, crowded, linear, white, with a reddish tint, then brown-black. — Huss. On damp carpets, etc. Not uncommon. 21. C. ephemerus, Fr. ; pileus very delicate, ovali-eiavate, then campanulate, split, radiato-sulcate, somewhat furfuraccous; disc raised, even ; stem slender, equal, pellucid, smooth ; gills reaching the stem, distant, dirty-white, then brown and black. —Bull. t. 128. On dunghills. Common. 22. C. plicatilis, Fr. ; pileus very delicate, ovali-cylindrical, soon expanded, split, sulcato-plicate, nearly smooth; disc broad, at length dci)resscd, even; stem equal, smooth, white; gills adhering to u distinct collar, greyish-black. — Curt. Lund. t. 200. In pastures, ^'ery common. Spores l/nailly elliptic, .„'„„- inch louii". 18.2 OUTLINKS OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGY. 23. C. Spragueii, B. and C. ; very delicate ; pileus campa- nulate, then conical, tomentose, plicate; stem fistulose, pale- cinnamon; gills few, narrow. — Ann. of Nat. Hist. Oct. 1859. In gardens. King's Cliffe, July 2, 1859. Spores narrow, subcymbiform, -^-^-^ inch long. I received this originally from New England. The diiference between it and the last as regards the spores is very striking. 2-1. C. hemerobius, Fr. ; pilous very delicate, ovate, nearly even, expanded, campanulate, split, smooth, at length plicato- sulcate; top rather prominent; stem elongated, attenuated, smooth, pallid ; gills linear, pallid, then black, aduexed to an obscui'c collar. — Bolt. t. 31. On roadsides. Rare. 3. BOLBITIUS, Fr. Gills becoming moist; trama obsolete; spores coloured. 1. B. Boltonii, Fr. ; pileus slightly fleshy, viscid, mem- branaceous at the margin, at length sulcate ; disc darker, somewhat depressed ; stem attenuated, yellowish; ring fuga- cious, at first flocculose; gills somewhat adnatc, livid-yellow, then brown.— 5o/^. t. 1J9. On dung. Pileus yellow, turning pale. Spores brownish. I am not acquainted with this species. 2. B. fragilis, Fr. ; pileus subraembranaceous, viscid, pel- lucid; margin striate; disc subumbonate; stem attenuated, naked, smooth, yellow; gills attenuato-adnexed, yellow, then pale-cinnamon. — Soiv. t. 96. On dung. Common. Pileus yellow, then Avhitish. 3. B. titubans, Fr. ; pileus membranaceous, flattened out, pellucid, striate halfway up; stem slender, straight, shining, yellow; gills slightly adnexed, pallid, salmon-coloured. — Sotv. t. 128. AGAllTCINI. 183 Amongst grass. Common. Pilcus yellow, but soon pre- senting the salmon-tint of the gills. 4. B. tener, B. ; very delicate ; pileus white, moist, conical, elongated ; stem white, bulbous at the base ; gills attenuated behind, nearly free, salmon-coloured. (Plate 12, fig. 3.) Amongst short grass on a lawn. Apethorpe. At first looking like a dry specimen of ^. tener. 4. COETINARIUS, Fr. Gills membranaceous, persistent ; traraa floecose. Veil con- sisting of arachnoid threads. Spores rusty-ochre."^ Subgenus 1. Phlegmacium. — Pellicle of pileus viscid when moist. Veil, and consequently the stem from which it springs, dry. 1 . C. (Phlegmacium) caperatus, Fr. ; pileus fleshy, ovate, then expanded, obtuse, moist, incrusted with superficial white fiocci ; stem stout, smooth, squamulose at the top from the reflected, membranaceous ring ; gills adfixed, separating, ser- rate, crowded, clay-coloured. — Bot. of East. Borders, with a fig. In woods. Very rare. Berwickshire. Lancashire, Rev. H. H. Hi(/yins. A large and noble species, of a beautiful yellow. 2. C. (Phlegmacium) varius, Fr. ; pileus compact, hemi- spherical, flattened, even, viscid; margin smooth; flesh white; stem short, solid, closely flocculose, dirty-white ; gills crowded, emargiuate, quite entire, purplish, then pallid-cinnamon. — Schaff. t. 42. In woods. Not common. King's Clifle. * The colours of CortinaHi arc not only vei'y fugitive, but tlicy change greatly according to the condition of the atmosphere. Those, therefore, which are mentioned, except sometliing is said to the contrary, belong only to the young plant before it has been exposed to weatlier. The colour of the spores m most of the species is that of peroxide of iron ; in a very few exceptional cases it is of a bright tawny. 184 OUTLINES OF BUITISII FUNGOLOGY. 3. C. (Phlegmacivim) cyanopus, Fr. ; pilcus fleshy, liemi- sphericalj flattened, even, viscid ; margin thin, smooth, of the same colour; flesh dirty-white; stem solid, violet, then white, naked above the thin veil ; bulb depressed, oblique ; gills ad- nate, emarginate, broad, rather crowded, violet, turning pallid. —Soiv. t. 223. In woods. Pilcus livid-brown, then tan. 4. C. (Phlegmacium) anfractus, Fr. ; pilcus fleshy, unequal, deeply plicate and undulated, viscid, shining when dry ; stem stufied, unequal, closely flbrillose, violet above and veiled ; gills arcuate, affixed, crisped, rather distant, dingy-olive, then cin- namon. In woods. Hare. King's Cliffc. Pileus several inches across, deep-bay in my specimens, which I have named after a drawing sent me by Fries. The gills, however, are rather emarginate than arcuato-afiixed, and the whole plant, when young, is covered with a white volva. Stem very thick and bulbous at the base. In outward form the two are identical. 5. C. (Phlegmacium) multiformis, Fr. ; pileus fleshy, con- vex, expanded, equal, smooth, viscid ; flesh and fugacious veil white ; stem solid, attenuated, closely flbrillose, white, changing to yellow ; bulb somewhat margined ; gills emarginate, crowded, serrated, dirty-white, then clay- coloured, inclining to cinna- mon. — Soiv. t. 102. In woods. Rare. Pileus yellowish. I have seen the bulb so margined as to give the impression of a volva like that of Ag, pantJieriiins. 6. C. (Phlegmacium) glaucopus, Fr. ; pilcus compact, ex- panded, subrepand, viscid, then floccoso-squamose or flbril- lose ; flesh at length yellowish ; stem stout, solid, striate, bluish, then yellowish, margined below; gills emarginate, broad, blue, then clay-coloured, inclining to cinnamon. — Huss. AOAIllCINI. 185 In pinewoocls. Rare. Pileus reraaikable for a bro\vii, raised zone near the margin, at length turning pale. 7. C. (Phlegmacium) callochrous, Fr. ; pileus fleshy, con- vex, flattened, smooth, viscid, unchangeable ; flesh compact, white; stem solid, equal, fibrillose, white, changing to yellow ; bulb distinct, margined ; gills cmarginate, crowded, serrate, blue, changing to purple. (Plate 12, fig. 3.) In woods. Not uncommon. Pileus tawny. 8. C. (Phlegmacium) cseruleseens, Fr.; pileus fleshy, con- vex, expanded, even, viscid ; flesh soft, blue, turning white as well as the solid, attenuated, naked stem; bulb margined ; gills adnexed, crowded, quite entire, at first of a pure dark blue. In Avoods. King's Cliffe. Bristol, Dr. Stephens. Very beautiful, pileus at first blue, spotted in my specimens from the presence of minute fibrils. Stem not always marginate, rough above with the threads of the veil. 9. C. (Phlegmacium) purpurascens, Fr.; pileus compact, dilated, somewhat waved, virgate, viscid ; flesh bluish ; stem solid, blunt, fibrillose ; bulb margined, evanescent ; gills crowd- ed, broadly cmarginate, blue, then clay-coloured, inclining to cinnamon-purple when bruised. "Woods. Common. Pileus about 3 inches across, not turning pale, bright brown, at length tawny. This species has sometimes, but not constantly, a marginal zone. 10. C. (Phlegmacium) turbinatus, Fr.; pileus fleshy, plane, then depressed, viscid, self-coloured, smooth, turning pale; flesh soft, white ; stem stufled, nearly equal, shining, dirty- white, margiuato-bulbous ; gills attenuatoaduate, crowded, quite entire, reddish-grey, then ferruginous. In woods. King's Cliflfc. Aly specimens have the margin of the bulb so strongly developed as to appear volvato, like J(/. pantheriniis. Pileus yellow when dry, variable in width. 18G OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGY. 11. C. (Phlegmaeium) scauriis, Fr. ; pilcus fleshy, equal, smooth, vii'gate or spotted, viscid, turning pale ; margin thin, at length slightly striate; stem solid, marginato-bulbous, at- tenuated, striate, turning pale; gills attcnuato-adnate, thin, crowded, purplish, then olive. In woods. King's Cliffe. Pileus 3-4 inches across, dingy- tawny. Stem purplish in my specimens, with a red tinge on the edge of the bulb. 12. C. (Phlegmaeium) prasinus, Fr.; pileus compact, equal, viscid, variegated with scale-like spots ; stem solid, short, firm, marginato-bulbous, greenish, as well as the veil ; gills rounded, rather distant, yellow-olive. — Schceff. t. 218. In beech-woods. King^s Cliffe. Pileus 3 inches across, greenish. Subgenus 2. Mtxacium. — Universal veil, and consequently the stem, viscid and polished when dry. 13. C. (Myxacium) collinitus, Fr. ; pileus fleshy, convex, subplieate, flattened, obtuse, even, glutinous, shining; stem firm, cylindrical, transversely scaly from the splitting of the floccose glutinous veil ; gills adnate, clay-coloured and blue, then cinnamon. — Sow. t. 9. In woods. Common. Pileus bright tawny, 3-4 inches across. Sometimes the veil of the stem does not crack. 14. C. (Myxacium) elatior, F)\ ; pileus cylindrical, then expanded, viscid ; disc even, fleshy, otherwise membranaceous and plicato-rugose ; stem elongated, soft, stout, attenuated at either end, scaly from the torn veil ; gills adnate, very broad, connected by veins, and rugose, brownish-ferruginous. In woods. Common. Pileus 3-4 inches across, varying in colour, yellowish when dry. 15. C. (Myxacium) livido-ochraeeus, B. ; pilcus plane. AGARICINI. 187 siibmcmbranaccoiis, viscid, margin not striate ; stem attenu- ated at eitlier end, subsquamosc, striate above the fugitive veil, stuffed Avith cottony fibres ; gills cinnamon, subadnexed, broad in front. In woods. King's Cliffe. Coed Coch. Pileus 1 inch across, livid-ochre. Nearest to the smooth-stemmed form of C. collinitus. Subgenus 3. Inoloma.— Pileus fleshy, dry, at first silky with scales or innate fibres, not hygrophanous ; stem bulbous. 16. C. (Inoloma) violaceus, F?-. ; dark-violet; pileus fleshy, obtuse, villoso-squamose ; stem bulbous, spongy, villous, cine- reous-violet within ; gills broad, fixed, thick, distant. — Huss. i. /. 12. In woods. England and Scotland. Not common. Pileus 4 inches or more across. 1 7. C. (Inoloma) callisteus, F7\ ; yellow-tawny ; pileus fleshy, convexo-plane, at length smooth, even, innato-squa- mulosc ; margin rather silky ; flesh Avhitish-yellow ; stem elongated, bulbous, clothed with tawny fibres; gills aduate, floceose, connected behind. In woods. Rare. My Ag. validus (see Engl. Fl.) appears certainly to be this species, agreeing with it not only in other respects, but in the minute character of the gills ad- hering to the stem after they separate by a few flocci. The colours are nearly those of Ag. aureus. 18. C. (Inoloma) BuUiardi, Fr. ; pileus fleshy, campanu- lato-eonvex, even or sqiuamulose, rufescent ; stem short, firm, bulbous, vermilion below and adorned with similarly coloured fibres, white above ; gills broad, adnexed, purplish, then ferru- ginous.— J5w//. t. 431. /. 3. In woods. Not common. Bristol, Dr. Stephens. This 188 OUTLINES OF BKITISII FUNGOLOGY. si)ccics is remarkable for the vermilion or brick-red base of the stem. 19. C. (Inoloma) bolaris, Fr. ; pileus fleshy, obsoletely iimbonate, growing pale, variegated with innate pilose saffron- red adprcssed scales ; stem stuffed, then hollow, nearly equal, squamulosc, of the same colour as the pileus ; gills crowded, subdccurrcnt, watery-cinnamon. (Plate 19, fig. 1.) Woods. Rare. King's Cliffe. Argyllshire, Mrs. Wynne. Varying in intensity of colour, sometimes merely tinged with red, sometimes bright-red. 20. C. (Inoloma) pholideus, Fr. ; pileus fleshy, expanded, obtusely umbonate, fawn-coloured, densely clothed with in- nate fasciculate blackish hairs; stem attenuated, rough trans- versely with dingy-brown scales, even and violet above the veil ; gills subemarginate, crowded, violet, then clay-coloured, inclining to cinnamon.. In woods. King's Cliffe. Not common. 21. C. (Inoloma) sublanatus, Fr. ; pileus fleshy, campa- nulate, expanded, umbonate, tan-coloured, inclining to brcwn, clothed with little innate scales; stem bulbous, attenuated, smooth above, pallid, clothed below with brown scaly down ; gills subadnate, scarcely crowded, olivaceous-yellow. — Sow. t. 22 i; Huss. ii. t. 22. In woods. Rare. Pilous variable in colour, sometimes shaded with olive. 22. C. (Inoloma) arenatus, P. ; pileus fleshy, convex, at first gibbous, granulated with little floecose scales, light red, changing to brown ; stem clavato-attcnuated, clothed l)eyond the middle with little brown scales, even and pale above ; gills emarginate, ventricose, rather crowded, yellowish-cinnamon. — Huss. i. t.72. In woods. Not common. Coed Coeh, Mrs. JVijnnc. This AOARICINl. 189 cannot be distinguisftcd safely from C. pholldeus, except when tlie specimens are young, in which state the colour of the gills is distinctive. Subgenus 4. Deemoctbe. — Pileus thin, silky with innate down, dry, not hygrophauous ; stem equal or attenuated, not bulbous. 23. C. (Dermocybe) ochroleueus, Fr. ; pilous fleshy, con- vex, obtuse, even, nearly smooth, pallid-white ; stem solid, firm, ventricose, white, fibrillose above, veiled; gills adnexed, nearly free, crowded, dirty-white, then clayey-ochre. — Sc/neff. t. 31. In woods. Eare. Mossburnford, A. Jerdon, Esq. Pileus about 2 inches across. 24. C. (Dermocybe) tabularis, Fr. ; pileus fleshy, equal, soon flattened, flocculose, then smooth, brownish-clay, be- coming pale ; stem stuffed, tough, elastic, white, closely fibril- loso-squamose or smooth ; gills emarginate, crowded, dirty- white, then clay-coloured. — Bull. t. 431. /. 5. In woods. A common species. Distinguished best from C. anomalus by the differently coloured gills. 25. C. (Dermocybe) diabolicus, Fr. ; pileus fleshy, thin, hemispherical, obtuse, then gibbous, brownish, clothed with grey threads, at length smooth, yellow-tawny ; stem stuffed, rather slender, smooth, pallid, bluish above ; gills somewhat emarginate, adnexed, crowded, dirty-white or evanescent pale blue, then ochraceous-cinnamon. In woods. South of England, C. E. Broome. 26. C. (Dermocybe) caninus, Fr. ; pileus fleshy, convex, flattened out, obtuse, at length smooth, bright-rufous, chang- ing colour; stem clavato-bulbous, clastic, closely fibrillose, pallid violet above; gills emarginate, broad, rather distant, purplish, then cinnamon. 190 OUTLINES OF lUUTISII FUNGOLOGY. In -woods. King's Cliffb. Pileus variable in colour, 27. C. (Dermocybe) anomalus, Fi\ ; pileus fleshy, thin, convex, obtuse, then gibbous, dingy -rufous, whitish with evanescent fibrils ; stem somewhat stuffed, slender, attenu- ated, fibrillose, slightly scaly, pallid-violet; gills crowded, dente-decurrent, bluish or purple, then cinnamon. (Plate 12, fig. 4.)— 5m//. /. 431./. 2. In woods. Very common. Pileus 2^ inches across. A. araneosiis, Sow. t. 384. f. 1, belongs to this, probably, and not to the next. 28. C. (Dermocybe) spilomeus, Fr. ; pileus slightly fleshy, gibbous, dry, at length smooth, brownish, and changing co- lour ; stem rather hollow, slender, white, inclining to lilac, variegated Avith rufous or tawny scales ; gills crowded, emar- ginate, narrow, bluish-lilac, at length cinnamon. In woods. Not common. King's Cliffe. Bristol, Dr. Stephens. A. violaceus, Sow., is undoubtedly A. personatus. 29. C. (Dermocybe) sanguineus, Fr. ; pileus fleshy, thin, obtuse, innato -sericeous or squamulose, dark blood-red, as well as the veil and thin, equal, at length bulbous stem ; gills crowded, rather broad, darker. — Soio. t. 43. In woods. Not uncommon. Remarkable for its brilliant colour. 30. C. (Dermocybe) einnamomeus, Fr.; pileus fleshy, thin, obtusely umbonate, cinnamon-brown, silky with innate yel- lowish fibrils, or squamulose; stem equal, slender, stuffed, then hollow, yellowish, as well as the flesh and veil ; gills adnate, broad, crowded, shining. In woods. A very common but variable species. Some- times the gills are red. 31. C. (Dermocybe) uliginosus, n.s.; pileus campanulato- conical, then expanded, bright red-brown, very strongly um- AGAIUCINI. 191 bonatc, silky, sometimes streaked; flesh yellow-olive, then cinnamon; stem flexnous, paler than the pilcus; gills distant, adiiate, with a tooth, yellow, then olive, then cinnamon. In boggy woods, amongst SpJuignum, etc. King's Cliffc. Pileus not exceeding 2 inches in diameter, of a beautiful red- brown (almost brick-red), and remarkable for its very strong but scarcely acute umbo. 32. C. (Dermocybe) raphanoides, Fr. ; olive, then chang- ing colour; pileus fleshy, eampanulate, then expanded, gib- bous, silky with innate fibrils; stem stuffed, firm, fibrillose, opaque, paler than the pileus, as Avell as the veil; gills ad- nato-ventricose, rather croAvded, olive, tben cinnamon. In beech- and fir- woods. Highlands of Scotland, Klotzsch. Subgenus 5. Telamonia. — Pileus moist, hygrophanous, smooth, or clothed only with evanescent threads ; stem peronate (sheathed with the interwoven veil). 33. C. (Telamonia) bulbosus, Fr. ; pileus slightly fleshy, campanulato-expanded, smooth, bright-brown ; disc fleshy, somewhat gibbous; stem stout, bulbous, pallid or paler than the pileus, sheathed with a Avhite veil; ring imperfect; gills adnate, rather distant, opaque, cinnamon. — Sow. t. 130. In woods. Rare. Stem saffron-coloured within. 34. C. (Telamonia) torosus, Fr. ; pileus fleshy, convex, ex- panded, obtuse, pale red-brown, whitish with squamulcs or fibrils, at length pierced, smooth ; stem stout, sheathed v, ith the white persistent veil, and furnished with a ring ; veil at the apex violet; gills thick, distant, very broad, pm-plish-iunber, then cinnamon.— 7i«//. t. GOO. Q. R. S. In woods. Not uncommon. 35. C. (Telamonia) evernius, Fr.; pileus carnoso-mcmbra- naceous, conico-campanulatc, expanded, smooth, purplish-bay, 192 OUTLINES OF BlllTISil FUNGOLOGV. changing to reddisli-white, at length fibrillose and torn ; stem stoxit, cylindrical, soft, violet, scaly from the remains of the white veil ; gills adnate, very broad, distant, violet, inclining to pnrple. — Soio. t. 125. In woods. Not uncommon. 36. C. (Telamonia) armillatus, Fr. ; pilcus fleshy, campa- nulate, then expanded, innato-fibrillose and scaly, torn, bright red-brown ; margin thin ; stem solid, elongated, bulbous, fi- brillose, reddish, girt Avith a red zone ; gills fixed, very broad, distant, pallid, then dark-cinnamon. — Huss. i. /. 19; Bull, t. 527./. 1. In woods. Uncommon. A large species, remarkable for the blood-red zone on the stem. Mrs. Husscy's plant is the same with Bulliard's, and both seem to me to belong to this species. 37. C. (Telamonia) limonius, Fr. ; pileus fleshy, convcxo- plane, obtuse, smooth, tawny, at length rimuloso-squamulose; stem solid, firm, equal, of the same colour, as well as the floccoso-squamose veil ; gills adnate and emarginate, rather distant, yellow, then tawny-cinnamon. — Holmsk. ii. t 40. In pine-woods. Scottish Highlands, Klotzsch. 38. C. (Telamonia) hinnuleus, Fr. ; pileus carnoso-mem- branaceous, conico-campanulate, then expanded, subumbonate, smooth, pale tawny-cinnamon, at length pierced ; stem stuffed, rigid, tawny, attenuated downwards, girt above with the white silky veil; gills subemarginate, distant, broad, then tawny- cinnamon, quite entire. — Sow. t. 173. In woods. Extremely common. This is said to be distin- guished from C. geniilis by its white veil, but I fear this character is not constant. 39. C. (Telamonia) brunneus, Fr. ; pilcus campanulate, flattened out, luuber, nfiked, broken up into iiniatc fibrils near AGARICINI. 193 the margin; umbo fleshy^ obtuse; stem stuffed, elongated, attenuated upwards, elastie, brownish, marked with white streaks, girt with the brownish-white veil ; gills adnate, thick, distant, purplish, then einnaraon-umbcr. In woods. Not observed since the time of Withering. 40. C. (Telamonia) periseelis, Weinm. ; pileus campanu- late, then convex, lilac and white, silky ; umbo fleshy, mem- branaceous elsewhere ; stem equal, fibrillose, of the same co- lour; veil woven, brownish, forming an imperfect ring; gills adnate, crowded, narrow, pallid, then obscui-ely ferruginous. In bogs or under beech-trees. Bowood, C E. Broome. 41. C. (Telamonia) psammoeephalus, F/-. ; tawny-cinna- mon ; pileus slightly fleshy, convexo-expanded, at length um- bonate, furfuraceo-squamidose ; stem stufied, attenuated, squamulose, and sheathed with the continuous veil; gills ad- nate, arcuate, crowded. — Bull. t. 531. /. 2. In woods. Not uncommon. King's Cliffe. Pileus about an inch across. 42. C. (Telamonia) ileopodius, Fr.; pileus slightly fleshy, convex, subumbonate, at first clothed with silky white threads, light reddish-yellow, then smooth and tan-coloured, at length even and rimose; stem equal, slender, tawny without and within, sheathed with the pallid veil, naked above, fibrilloso- striate ; gills adnate, rather crowded, thin, inclining to cin- namon.— £w//. t. 586. /. 2 A, B. In woods. Not uncommon. Very variable. Pileus 1-1^ inch across. Subgenus 6. Htgeoctbe. — Pileus hygrophauous ; stem distinct from the fibrillose veil, hence neither annulate nor floccoso- squamose. 43. C. (Hygrocybe) Armeniacus, Fi\ ; pileus subcarnose. 194: OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGY. convexo-plane, gibbous, even, smooth, tawuy-cinnamon, at length tan- coloured, shining; stem stuffed, conico-attenuated, rigid, soft within, white, as well as the suljperonate veil; gills adnate, erowded, pallid, then tawny-einnamon. — Sc/iccff, t. 81. In pine-woods. Bristol, Dr. Stephens. 44. C. (Hygroeybe) dilutus, Fr. ; pileus somewhat fleshy, convcxo-plane, subumbonate, smooth, even, opaque, light- red ; stem staffed, then hollow, soft, pallid, thickened at the base ; veil fibrillose ; gills emarginate, adnexed, broad, erowd- ed, pale-einnamou. — Bolt t. 10. In woods, Bolton. Not found since his time. Pileus about 2 inches across. 45. C. (Hygroeybe) castaneus, F7\ ; pileus slightly fleshy, firm, campanulato-convex, flattened out or gibbous, even, chestnut; stem cartilaginous, stuffed, then hollow, even, violet or pale rufous ; veil white, fibrillose ; gills fixed, ventrieose, rather crowded, violet, then ferruginous. — Bull. t. 268. In woods and gardens, on the naked ground. Common. A small species. 46. C. (Hygroeybe) Reedii, B. ; pileus conical, then ex- panded and strongly umbonate, smooth, shining, persistently brown ; disc areolate ; margin splitting ; stem white, solid, fibrilloso-striate, slightly bulbous ; veil fibrillose, evanescent ; gills broad, ventrieose^ ascending, attenuated behind, free, white or pallid, then cinnamon. — Huss. ii, t. 45. Amongst moss and beech-mast. May. Hayes, Surrey. Pileus one inch across. Stem 1^-2 inches high. Tasteless and scentless. Flesh pallid. Allied to C. leucojms and C. Krombholzii. 47. C. (Hygroeybe) leucopus, Fr. ; pileus slightly fleshy, conical, then expanded, at length umbonate, even, smooth, light-red ; stem stuffed, then hollow, equal, white ; gills A(iAlUCI\I. 195 slightly adncxed, vcntricosc^ crowded, pallid, then cinnamon. —Bull. t. 553./ 2. In woods. Not uncommon. 48. C. (Hygroeybe) acutus, Fr. ; pilcus membranaceous, conical, acutely umbonate, striate, light reddish-yellow, at length tan-coloured, shining with a silky lustre; stem fistu- lose, equal, slender, flexuous, pallid ; veil fugacious, white ; gills adnate, rather crowded, slender, narrow, ochraceous, quite entire. On moist spots in woods. Not uncommon. jMr. Jerdou has sent me a csespitose, obtuse form, with a slightly viscid pileus, approaching C. pluvius. I have the same form from the United States. The species comes near to Galera. 5. PAXILLUS, Fr. Gills persistent, distinct from and easily separating from the hymenophorum, which is confluent with the stem ; trama obsolete. 1 . P. involutus, Fr. ; stained when bruised ; pileus com- pact, convexo-planc, then depressed, moist, at length smooth, tomeutose about the involute margin ; stem solid, fleshy, firm, naked, incrassated upwards, paler, as well as the branched broad gills, which are porous, and anastomose behind. (Plate 12, fig. 5.) On the ground, amongst grass, and on sandy banks. Very common, sometimes attaining a considerable size. Pileus olive-brown, sometimes tinged with purple. 2. P. atro-tomentosus, Fr. ; pileus convexo-plane, then depressed or funnel-shaped, granulated, rivulose ; margin thin, involute; stem solid, spongy, firm, velvety; gills straight, crowded, branched behind. — Batsch, f. 32. o 2 19G OUTLIXKS OF IJKITISII FUNGOLOGY. On stumps of pines, Wooclnewton, Nortliamptonsliire. Coniptou Basset, Wiltsliire, Miss Dalhi/. Pileus several inches across, olivaceous-brown ; stem sometimes obsolete, when present densely velvety. AMthcring's A. aurantio-fer- rnyineus is referred to this species, but a figure sent to me by Fries shows me that Secretan's quotation must be wrong. 3. P. Panuoides, Fr. ; pileus fleshy, conchate, at length smooth, dirty-yellow, elongated behind, sessile or stipitatc; gills crowded, decurrent, branched, dirty-yellow. (Plate 12, fig. Q.)—Sow. t. 403. In cellars, on sawdust, etc. Not common. In profusion at a sawmill, Coed Coch, 1858 and 1859. Closely resembling the last. 6. GOMPHIDIUS, Fr. Pileus top-shaped. Hymenophorura confluent with the stem. Gills slightly branched, formed of a mucilaginous membrane, edge acute. Spores fusiform. 1 . G. glutinosus, Fr. ; pilous obtuse, glutinous, purple- brown ; gills dirty-white, then cinereous ; trama none. — Soiv. t. 7. In fir-woods. Not uncommon. Pileus 3 inches across. Stem yellow within, and frequently at the base. 2. Gr. viscidus, Fr. ; pileus at length umbonate, viscid, brownish-red ; gills purple-umber, truly branched ; trama like tlie substance of the pilous. — Soiv. t. 105. Under Scotch firs. Larger than the last. Stem deep rhubarb-colour within. 3. G-. gracilis, B. and Br. ; pileus eouico-hemisphcrical, clothed with dingy gluten, at length spotted with black ; gills of a watery dingy-white, forked ; stem slender, sprinkled with minute scales above, vii-gate below. (Plate 12, fig. 7.) AGARTCINI. 197 In fir-woods. Not uncommon. The specimen figured was gathered in Sir C. Anderson's plantations at Lea, near Gainsborough. Pileus scarcely exceeding 2 inches, generally smaller. 7. HYGROPHORUS, Fr. Ilymenophorum continuous with the stem, and descending Avithout change into the sharp-edged gills ; hymenium waxy. * Veil universal, viscid. 1 . H. ehrysodon, Fr. ; white ; pileus fleshy, convexo-plane, viscid ; margin involute, clothed with little yellow floccose scales, as w ell as the stuffed, nearly equal stem ; gills rather thin, distant, at length crisped. In woods. Not common. Pileus 2-3 inches broad ; gills often edged with yellow glandular flocci. Extremely elegant. 2. H. eburneus, Fr. ; white ; pileus fleshy, even, smooth, glutinous, as well as the stuffed, then hollow, unequal stem, which is dotted above with glandular scales; gills firm, dis- tant, straight. (Plate 15, fig. 1.) In woods. Not uncommon. Turning a foxy-red in parts, as it decays. Easily distinguished from H. virgineus, with which it is often confounded by the glandular scales at the top of the stem. 3. H. cossus, Fr. ; strong-scented, white ; pileus fleshy, even, smooth, viscid, assuming at length a yellowish tinge ; stem stuffed, nearly equal, glandular above; gills thin, dis- tant, straight.— ;So?z;. t. 121. In woods. Extremely like the last, but not turning red, and always distinguished by its smell, which is like that of the larva of the goat-moth. When bruised it is sometimes yellow, •k H. ccrasinus, B. ; pileus fleshy, convex, broadly umbo- nate, pale umber, then grey, viscid ; uuirgin minutely tonicn- 198 OUTLINES Ol' 15KITIS1I TUNGOLOGY. tose ; stem white, solid, attenuated below, puiictato-pquamii- lose above ; gills broad, decurrent, Mliite, tinged with pink, sometimes forked, very distant. In fir-plantations. Rare. Winkbourn, Notts. Smell like that of laurel-leaves. Pileus 1^-2^ inches across, sometimes depressed. This does not seem to be the same species with H. agathosmus, Fr. 5. H. aromaticus, B. ; very tender; pileus fleshy, smooth, cinnamon, glutinous ; stem stuffed, then hollow, reticulated ; gills pinkish, decurrent when young. — Soiv. t. 144. Not found since the time of Sowerb3^ Smell agreeable, spicy. Turns black when bruised. 6. H. mesotephrus, B. and Br. ; pileus convex, subhemi- spherical, hygrophanous, white, with a brown disc, striate, viscid, as well as the slender stuffed stem, which is floceoso- granulated above ; gills decurrent, pure white. — Ann. of Nat. Hist. ser. 2. vol. xiii. t. 15. /. 2. In woods. Rare. BoAvood, C. E. Broome. Pileus about 1 inch across. Allied to H.fusco-albiis. 7. H. hypothejus, Fr. ; pileus fleshy, clothed with thin olive evanescent gluten, somewhat virgate; stem stufffed, equal, viscid, somewhat spotted ; gills distant, yellow. — Sow. t.8. In pine-woods, especially where the soil is sandy. Not un- common. Pileus yellowish, often tinged with red. Flesh yellow. Gills sometimes tinged Mith pink. 8. H. olivaceo-albus, Fr. ; pilous fleshy, even, clothed with evanescent olive gluten ; wvaho brown ; stem solid, equal, vis- cid, at first furnished with a floccose ring, spotted with dark scales, even aljove ; gills white. In woods and Avoodland pastures. Not common. North- amptonshire. By no means yellow like the last. AGAUICINf. 199 ** Veil none ; pileus ^fleshy, moist, scarcely viscid. 9. H. leporinus, Fr. ; pilcus equally fleshy, convex, gib- bous, equal, fibrilloso-floccose, opaque; stem short, stuffed, firm, attenuated, fibrillosc, pallid ; gills decurrent, reddish- grey.— -Sc/z^/T. ^.313. On downs. Durdham Downs, C. E. Broome. Kent, Mrs. Hussey. Spores pale umber. Pileus yellowish-red, about 2 inches across. 10. H. pratensis, Fr. ; pilcus convexo-plane, then turbi- nate, smooth, moist ; disc compact, gibbous ; margin thin ; stem stuffed, even, attenuated downwards ; gills deeply decur- rent, arcuate, thick, distant. — Grev. t. 91. Huss. ii. t. 40. On downs and short pastures. Very common. Pileus tawny or deep buff, sometimes nearly white, as in the next. Probably esculent. 11. H. virgineus, Fr. ; pilcus fleshy, convexo-plane, ob- tuse, moist, at length areolato-rimose ; stem stuffed, firm, short, attenuated at the base ; gills decurrent, distant, rather thick.— Grev. /. 166. On downs and short pastures. Extremely common. Mostly pure ivory-white. 12. H. niveus, Fr. ; pileus submembranaceous, campanu- lato-convex, then umbilicate, smooth, moist, striate, viscid ; stem slender, fistulose, equal; gills decurrent, then arcuate, distant.— /from*, t. 25. /. 1-3. In mossy pastures. Very common. " "White, hygropha- nous. Smaller than the last. Disc not truly fleshy, and hence umbilicate, not rimosc." I am not prepared to say whether this is truly distinct from the last. Sometimes it is only a few lines across. 13. H. russo-coriaceus, B. and Mill. ; sweet-scented ; pi- leus ivory-white, slightly viscid, convex, fleshy ; stem slender, 200 OUTLINES 01" BRITISH VUNGOLOGY. smooth, solid; gills broad, thick, arched, dccurrent, very few, and distant. In exposed pastures. Rare. Walkcringham, Notts, Rev. T. K. Miller. Known at once by its persistent delightful odour, like that of Russian leather or Potentilla atro-sangui- nea. Pileus scarcely exceeding half an inch in diameter. 14. H. ovinus, Fr. ; pileus fleshy, thin, conieo-convex, then expanded, gibbous, viscid, squamulose, brown ; stem somewhat stuffed, smooth, shining, thickened at either end ; gills arcuato-decurrent, connected by veins, white, then dingy; edge i\nn.— Bull. t. 580 ; Huss. ii. t. 50. Tn pastures. Not common. Northamptonshire. Coed Coch. Ay. compressus, Sow., probably repi-esents this species. Pileus about 21 inches across. *** Whole fungus of a watery, succulent substance ; veil none. 15. H. distans, B.; pileus somewhat fleshy, plane or de- pressed, viscid, white with a silky lustre, here and there stained with brown; stem white above, cinereous below, and atte- nuated, not spotted ; gills few, very distant, subventricose, de- current, pure white at flrst, then tinged with cinereous ; inter- stices obscurely rugose. (Plate 13, fig. 1.) In woods. Rare. King's Cliffe. June 30, 1859. /Vbout 2 inches across. Often umbilicate. 16. H. Colemannianus, i?/o.r. ; pileus subcarnose, umbonate, umber, turning pale except in the centre, even, striate when moist and slightly viscid ; stem nearly equal, somewhat silky, whitish ; gills rather broad, of the same colour as the pileus, distant, deeply dccurrent; interstices venoso-rugose. In grassy pasture. Twycross, Warwickshire, Rev. A. Bloxam. Pileus 1-2 inches across, reddish -umber. 17. H. Isetus, Fr. ; pileus thin, convcxo-plane, nearly even, AGARICINI. 201 viscid, somcwliat shining, tawny, as well as the tough, equal stem ; gills subdecurrent, thin, distant, paler. On open pastures. Not uncommon. Scotland, England, and AY ales. Pileus about an inch across, brightly coloured, not turning pale like the last. 18. H. ceraceus, T-V. ; brittle ; pileus tliin, convexo-plane, obtuse, slightly striate, waxy, yellow as well as the fistulose, unequal, shining stem ; gills adnato-dccurrcnt, distant, yellow. —Sow. t. 20. In pastures. Common. Easily known from the other yellow species by the gills. 19. H. coccineus, Fr. ; brittle; pileus thin, convex, obtuse, viscid, scarlet, turning pale, smooth ; stem hollow, compressed, yellowish, scarlet above ; gills adnate, decurrent with a tooth, connected by veins variously shaded. — Schceff. t. 302; Huss. i. /. 61. In open pastures. Extremely common. Nearly allied to the next, but larger. 20. H. miniatus, Fr. ; brittle ; pileus thin, convex, then umbilicatc, vermilion, soon changing colour and becoming opaque and squamulose ; stem somewhat stuffed, equal, polished scarlet; gills adnate, distant, yclloAv or yellowish-vermilion. —Kromb. t.\. f.2\. In moist places, on heaths, etc. Common. Requires to l)c carefully distinguished from the last. 21. H. puniceus, Fr. ; brittle; pileus thin, fleshy, cam pa- nulate, obtuse, waved, even, viscid, blood-scarlet, then turning- pale ; stem thick, hollow, ventrieosc, striate, white at the base ; gills adnexed, thick, distant, yellow.— 79o//. t. 67. /. 2. /. 43. In meadows. Not common. I have a golden-yellow form with an umbilicatc pileus and adnate gills, intermediate be- tween this and tlic next. 202 OUTLINES OF BKITISII FUXGOLOGY. 22. H. obriisseus, Fr. ; brittle^ bright goklcn-ycllow ; pileus fleshy, thin, conico -convex, obtuse, waved, nearly dry, even, as well as the hollow, somewhat compressed, smooth stem ; gills adnato-ventricose, thick, distant. In Avoods. Ilarc. INIossburnford, A. Jcrdon. 23. H. conicus, Fr. ; brittle ; pileus submembranaccous, conical, acute, smooth, somewhat lobed, at length expanded, rimose, black when bruised or decaying ; stem hollow, cylin- drical, fibroso-striate ; gills attenuated, free, ventricose, then rather crowded. — Sow. t. 381. In pastures. Extremely common. Always known by its turning black. Pileus yellow, scarlet ; gills yellow, or shaded with red. 24. H. psittaeiniis, Fr. ; pileus tliin, campanulate, expanded, umbonate, more or less striate, clothed, as Avell as the tough, even, hollow stem, with green, evanescent gluten ; gills adnato- ventricose, thick, distant. — Sow. t. 82. Hu.'is. i. t. 11. In fields. Extremely common. Pileus lilac, yellow, white, etc., when the green gluten vanishes. Stem generally green above. 25. H. calyptrseformis, B. and Br. ; pileus thin, acutely conical, lobed below, minutely innato-fibrillose ; stem white, smooth, slightly striate, hollow ; gills rose-coloured, at length pallid, very narrow, acutely attenuated behind. — A. conicus, 7 amcEuus, Lasch. in Linn. iii. p. 380. On the borders of woods and in open pastures. Probal)ly not uncommon. Pileus pink, becoming pallid. Very distinct from H. conicus. It does not turn black when bruised. 26. H. ungiainosus, Fr. ; brittle ; pileus thin, campauulato- convex, obtuse, even, clothed with dingy gluten as well as the hollow, unequal stem ; gills adnato-ventricose, plane, thick, white, becoming glaucous. AGAIUCINI. 203 lu woods and pastures. Not uncommon. Persistently dingy. 27. H. murinaceus, Fr. ; brittle, strong-scented ; pileus thin, campanulate, flattened out, irregular, viscid, soon dry, rimxdoso-squamose ; stem rather hollow, unequal, somewhat compressed, even ; gills adnate, separating, broad, distant, somewhat undulated, white, then glaucous. In pastures. Noteommon, C.£.i?roome. Smellstrong, nitrous. This is quite different from A. murinaceus, y^\ac\\ is a Tricholoma. 8. LACTARIUS, Fr. Hymenophornm confluent with the stem and vesiculose trama. Gills milky, edge acute. * Grills not decidedhj clianri'ing colour ; milh at first lohite, acrid. 1. L. torminosus, Fr. ; pileus fleshy, depressed, somewhat zoned, pallid as well as the equal, stuffed, at length hollow stem ; margin involute, bearded ; gills thin, dirty-white ; milk acrid, white, unchangeable. — Sow. t. 103. In woods, fields, etc. Common. Pileus 3 inches or more across, sometimes tinged with reddish-grey, or flesh-coloured. 2. L. cilicioides, Fr. ; pileus fleshy, soft, depressed, tomen- tose, zoneless, turning pallid, margin fibrilloso-lanuginous ; stem stuffed, even, pruinosc, silky, spotless, pallid ; gills crowded, branched, white, becoming yellowish as well as the milk. In pine-woods. Edinburgh, Greville. Rare. 3. L. tvirpis, Fr. ; pileus compact, plane, olive-umber, zone- less, margin at first clothed with yellowish down ; stem stuffed, short, viscid, attenuated downwards, olive; gills thin, pallid, milk-white, acrid. — Kromb. t. 69. /. 1-G. In fir-woods. Coed Coch. East Bcrgholt, where Dr. l^ad- 204 Ol'TLTNES OF HRITISII FUNGOLOOY. liara has shown it to me in great a])undancc. Pilcns several inches across. A. necaior, Bull., is merely a form of L. tor- minosus. 4. L. insulsus, Fr. ; pilens fleshy, umbilicatc, then funnel- shapeclj viscid^ yellowish, zoned, margin naked ; stem stuffed, then hollow, firm, pallid, as well as the crowded, forked gills. (Plate 13, fig. 2.)—Huss. i. t, 59. In woods, and on their borders. Very common. Some- times attaining a large size. Flesh not compact as in the next. Spores yellowish. 5. L. zonarius, Fr. ; pileus compact, umbilicate, even, viscid, marked with yellowish zones ; margin involute, naked ; stem short, solid, elastic, even, yellowish ; gills thin, crowded, dirty- white ; milk white, acrid, unchangeable. — Bull. t. 104. On the borders of woods. Rare. Cotterstock, Northamp- tonshire. I have not, however, seen it for a great many years. Harsh and woody. 6. L. blennius, Fr.; pileus fleshy, depressed, glutinous, often concentrically guttate, greenish-grey; margin from the first even, slightly pubescent; stem stuffed, then hollow, viscid, of the same colour; gills crowded, white, as well as the acrid mWk.—Kromb. t. 69. /. 7-9. In woods. Extremely common. Pileus about 3^ inches across; gills cinereous when wounded. 7. L. hysginus, Fr. ; pileus fleshy, rigid, umbilicate, even, viscid, flesh-coloured, inclining to red ; margin thin, inflexcd ; stem stuffed, then hollow, smooth, somewhat spotted ; gills crowded, white, as well as the acrid milk. — Kronib. t. 14. /. 15, 16. In woods. Edgbaston, Withering. 8. L. circellatus, Fr. -, pileus fleshy, convex, then piano, waved, viscid, zoned ; zones and I'crrnginous disc, which is AGARICINI. 205 from tlic first umbilicatc, darker; stem solid, firm, attenuated downwards ; gills crowded, dirty-white ; milk white, acrid. — Sow. t. 203. In woods. Rare. It would seem from Sowerl)}'s drawing that the milk in his plant is whitn, and if so, Fries is right in referring it to this species. " Pileus brownish or rufous, turning pale, darker under the separable cuticle." 9. L. uvidus, Fr. ; pileus fleshy, thin, convex^ then de- pressed, zoneless, viscid, dingy ; margin at first involute, naked ; stem soon hollow, viscid, pale ; gills thin, crowded, when wounded becoming lilac, as well as the white milk. — Batsch, f. 202. In Avoods. Not uncommon. Pileus about 2^ inches across. 10. L. pyrogalus, Fr. ; pileus fleshy, flattened, depressed, somewhat zoned, smooth, even, rather moist, livid-cinci'eous ; stem stufl'ed, then hollow, pallid, attenuated downwards; gills thin, rather distant, yellowish; milk abundant, white, extremely Q.CY\di.—Kromb. t. 14. /. 1-9. In woods and meadows. King's Cliffe. Coed Coeh. 11. L. plumbeus, Fr. ; pileus compact, convex, then in- fundibuliform, dry, not polished, dingy, then blackish-brown ; stem solid, equal, blunt ; gills crowded, yellowish ; milk acrid, white, unchangeable. — Soiv. t. 245. In woods. Kare. Edinburgh, Br. Greville. Several inches across. Sowerby's plate represents the gills as broad and dingy like the pileus, as well as the milk, but in the original drawing they are pallid, and the milk white. 12. L. piperatus, Fr. ; white; pileus compact, umbilicate, then infundibuliform, rather regular, zoneless, even, smooth ; stem solid, thick, very short ; gills decurrent, crowded, nar- row, dichotomous; milk abundant, acrid, white. — Kromb. t. 57. /. 1-3. 20G OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGY. In woods. Common. Much neater than L. vellereus, with narrow gills, which resemble ivory, and sometimes assume a yellowish tint. (Plate 13, fig. 3.) 13. L. vellereus, Fr.; white; pileus compact, urabilicato- convex, toracntose, zoneless, margin reflexed; stem solid, blunt, pubescent ; gills distant, arcuate, dirty-white ; milk acrid, white.— ^om;. t. 204 ; Huss. i. /. 63. In woods. Extremely common. Attaining a large size. A form occurs which is quite juiceless, and is almost as common {A. exsuccus, Auct.). ** Aromatic; gills becoming pallid ; milk always coloured. 14. L. deliciosus, Fr. ; pileus fleshy, umbilicate, viscid, zoned, smooth, rufous-orange, turning pallid, margin smooth ; stem stuffed, then hollow, somewhat spotted ; gills and milk at first saffron-red, at length greenish. — Soiv. t. 202; Huss. i. t. 67. In fir-woods. Often very abundant, but rare in some lo- calities. Esculent. The gills, wlien Avounded, turn a dull green, like the milk. Pileus 4-5 inches across. Slightly acrid. *** Oills clianging colour, dusted icith the tcJiife spores; milk at first lohite, mostly mild. 15. L. theiogalus, i^/-, ; pileus fleshy, convex, then depressed, viscid, smooth ; stem stuffed, even, of the same colour ; gills thin, crowded, yellowish ; milk white, then sulphur- coloured. —Kromb. t.l. f. 23, 24. In woods. Very common. Pileus ochraceous or tawny, zoned or zoneless, 2-3 inches across. Smell spicy. 16. L. chrysorrheus, Fr. ; pileus slightly fleshy, umbilicate, then funnel-shaped, pinkish-yellow, with darker zones or spots ; stem stuffed, then hollow, equal, even, white ; gills thin, dc- AGAKICIM. 207 current^ crowded, yellowish ; milk very acrid, white, then golden-yellow.— AVom*. t. 12. /. 7-14; BoU. t. 114. In woods. Not common. Scotland, Klofzsch. Pileus 2-3 inches across. 17. L. acris, Fr. ; pileus fleshy, irregular, at length funnel- shaped, viscid, dingy-cinereous; stem stuffed, then hollow, subexcentric, pallid, attenuated downwards; gills rather crowd- ed, pale yellow, turning red as well as the white milk. — Bo/t. t. 60. In woods. Rare. Scotland, Dorsetshire, etc. Not always excentric, nor does the milk always change its colour with equal intensity. 18. L. pallidus, Ft:; pileus fleshy, depressed, obtuse, smooth, viscid, zoueless, pallid, as well as the stuffied, then hollow, stout, firm stem ; margin thin, inflexed ; gills crowded, white, then pallid, pruinose ; milk mild, white. — Kromb. t. 56. /. 10-14. In woods. Bowood, C. E. Broome. A large species. 19. L. quietus, Fr. ; pileus fleshy, depressed, obtuse, at first viscid, soon dry, turning pale, somewhat zoned, opaque, ru- fesccnt, as well as the stuffed, smooth stem ; gills white, then reddish ; milk mild, white. — Kroitib. t. 40. /. 1-9. In wootls. " Known by its at first pinkish, somewhat silky, pileus, which is darker in the centre and obsoletely zoned, its spongy, at length rubiginous stem, and the eva- nescent slime." 20. L. volemum, Fr. ; pileus compact, rigid, plano-dcprcssed, obtuse, dry, of a golden tawny, at length rimoso-rivulose ; stem solid, hard, blunt, pruinose ; gills crowded, white, be- coming yellowish; milk abundant, mild, white. — Huss. i. ^ 87. In woods. Not common. King's Clifte, etc. Pileus -4 inches across. Esculent. 21. L. serifluus, Fr.; pileus fleshy, plane, then depressed, 208 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGY. subflexuousj dry, smooth, zonclcss, brownish-tawny, margin inflexed ; stem solid, equal, somewhat incurved, paler, turning yellowish, as well as the crowded gills ; milk sparing, of the colour of serum. (Plate 13, fig. 4.) In woods. Common, ]\Iilk of a watery-white. 22. L. mitissimus, Fr. ; pileus thin, fleshy, convex and smooth, then depressed, papillate, dry, zoneless, even, orange, as well as the stuffed, then hollow stem ; gills crowded, paler ; milk mild, white. In woods and on hedge-banks. Not uncommon. Very abundant about Coed Coch, and extremely beautiful. 23. L. subdulcis, Fr. ; pileus thin, fleshy, papillate, at length depressed, polished, even, zoneless, rufous-cinnamon ; stem stuffed, then hollow, equal, subpruinose, becoming rufous, as well as the brittle, crowded gills ; milk scarcely acrid, white. —Sow. t. 204. In woods. Very common. 24. L. eamphoratus, Fr. ; pileus fleshy, thin, depressed, dry, somewhat zoned, smooth, brownish-red, as well as the stufted, somewhat undulated stem ; gills crowded, yellow-red ; milk mild, white. — Bull. t. 567. /. 1. In woods. Not very common. Bristol, Dr. Stephens, C. E. Broome. Known by its powerful smell of Melilot, which it retains for a long time in the herbarium. Pileus 1^ inch across. 25. L. rufus, Fr. ; pileus fleshy, umbonate, at length funnel- shaped, dry, flocculosc, then smooth and shining, zoneless, dark rufous; stem stuffed, rufous; gills crowded, ochraccous and rufous; milk white, extremely acrid. — Huss. i. ^.15. In fir-woods. In most districts very common. The um- bonate pileus and acrid milk at once distinguish this dangerous fungus from the five preceding species. AGARICINI. 209 2C. L. glyciosmus, Fr. ; pilcus thin, fleshy, coiivcxo-plane, somewhat umbonate, dry, squaraulose, lurid, opaque ; stem stuffed, slender, pubescent, pallid ; gills crowded, yellowish- ochre; milk acrid, white. In fir- woods, Scotland, Z)/\ J. C. Bauchop, etc. Remarkable for its peculiar, sweet, but oppressive smell. 27. L. fuliginosus, Fr. ; pileus fleshy, soft, depressed, ob- tuse, quite dry, zoneless, at first clouded with a dingy bloom, then naked and cinereous-tan, as well as the spongy, stuffed stem; gills crowded, tan-coloured; flesh and acrid milk white, then saffron-coloured. — Bull. t. 567./. 3. In woods. Very common. Spores yellowish. The change of eolom- in the flesh is often more striking than in the milk. 9. RUSSULA, Fr. Hymenophorum continuous with the vesieulose trama. Gills rigid, not milky; edge acute. Veil none. * Pileus fleshy all over; margin consequently even and without strioe ; not clothed with a distinct, viscid pellicle. 1. R. nigricans, Fr. ; pileus fleshy all over, compact, um- bilicate, depressed, dingy-olive ; margin inflexed, even, charred as well as the solid, blunt stem ; gills rounded, thick, distant, unequal, — Sow. i. 30; Huss. t. 73. In woods. Extremely common. Turning quite black in decay. Flesh reddish when cut. Pileus several inches across. 2. E.. adusta, Fr. ; pileus fleshy all over, compact, depressed, then somewhat funnel-shaped ; margin at first inflexed, smooth, then erect, even, dingy, cinereous as well as the blunt, solid stem ; gills adnate, then decurrent, thin, crowded, unequal. — Kromb. t. 70, /. 7-13. In woods. Not common. Coed Coch. Smaller than the last. 210 OUTLINES ()!• BRITISH FUXGOLOGY. 3. R. dolica, Fr. ; pileus flcsliy all over, firm, umbilicate, even, sliiiiing; margin involute, smooth, even, white, as well as the solid, compact stem ; gills thin, dccurrent, distant, Avhitc. In woods. Not common. King's Cliffe. Resembling Lac- tariiis velkreus, from the juicel ess state of which it requires to be carefully distinguished. Bolt. t. 28 is referred by Fries doubtfully to R. elephantina. He evidently confused it with Russula fcetens. ** Pileus opaque, clothed icitli a thin, closely adnate pellicle, viscid when moist, hut ivhich disappears lohen the 2^l<^>^i is old ; marrjin at length striate, hit never tiiherciilate. 1. R. sanguinea, Fr. ; acrid ; pileus firm, fleshy, convex, then depressed and gibbous, at length even, moist; margin thin, acute, even ; stem solid, spongy, slightly striate, white or pinkish ; gills thin, decurrcnt, very crowded, somewhat forked, connected, white. — Bull. t. 42. In woods. Not common. King's Cliffe, etc. Gills nar- row ; flesh very firm. Pileus generally blood-red. 5. R. rosacea, Fr. ; at length acrid; pileus compact, con- vexo-plane, unequal, viscid, then dry, variegated with spots ; margin acute, even ; stem solid, spongy, even, white or pinkish ; gills adnate, rather crowded, plane, unequal, white, divided behind.— i?eSfot^. t. 382. On stumps of firs. Rare. Pileus 2-4 inches across. Often producing stems without pilei, and variously l^ranched. 4. L. adhserens, Fr. ; pileus rather fleshy, tough, irregular, lacunose, subpiilverulent, dingy, pallid, glutinoso-laccate, as well as the somewhat hollow, rooting stem ; gills decurrent, forming lines on the stem, very thin, torn, white. — With. iv. 2). 160. In pine-woods. The citation of Withering is doubtful, as he says nothing as to the substance on which his plant grows, though his description corresponds. Q 226 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGY. 5. L. coelileatus, i^7\ ; animal, tough, flaccid ; pileus fleshy, but tough, irrcguhar, more or less lobecl or twisted, rufous, turning pallid, as well as the sohd, firm, sulcate stem ; gills crowded, serrated, pinkish-white. (Plate 19, fig. 4.) On trunks of trees, and oii the ground. Rare, but found occasionally in most parts of England. Stem often divided, so as to produce many spurious pilci. 6. L. vulpinus, i^/'.; sessile, imbricated ; pilci fleshy, tough, conchatc, connate behind, longitudinally rough with rigid points, tan-eolourcd ; margin incurved, entire ; gills torn, white. — Soiv. t. 301. On stumps of trees. Rare. On an elm-stump, Margate. Pileus very rough. Spores white. 7. L. flabelliformis, Fr. ; subsessile ; pileus thin, tough, reniform, plane, smooth, fawn-coloured ; margin crenato-fim- briate; gills broad, torn, pallid. — Bolt. t. 157. On stumps. Rare. I have never seen this species. Per- haps Bolton's plant may be only Agaricus suli(jnus. 14. PANUS, Fr. Pileus fleshy, but tough, at length drying up. Gills tough. Edge acute, entire. Hymcnophorura homogeneous with the stem. 1 . P. torulosus, Fr. ; pileus fleshy, then tough, coriaceous, funnel-shaped, flattened, sometimes dimidiate, even, pale- ochre, frequently shaded with pink ; stem short, oblique, clothed with grey down ; gills decurrent, rather distant, dis- tinct behind, ruddy, then tan-coloured. — Batsch,f. 33; Bolt. t. 146. On old stumps of various trees. Not uncommon. Very variable in point of colour, sometimes quite as bright as in AGARICINI. 227 Batsch's figure, sometimes shaded very slightly, if at all, with pink. 2. P. conchatus, Fr. ; pileus fleshy, but tough, thin, un- equal, excentric and dimidiate, cinnamon, then turning pale, at length squamulose ; stem short, unequal, pubescent at the base; gills decurrent, forming lines on the stem, somewhat branched, pinkish-white, then ochraceous. — Bull. t. 298, 517 0,P. On trunks of trees. Rare. Margate, etc. Not always so much coloured, or so much inclined to be scaly, as is inti- mated by the specific character, or by Bulliard's plate. Al- ways, however, easily known, by its conchate form and tougher substance, from similar species of the genns, Affaricits. A. in- constans, P., is merely a form of this species. 3. P. stypticus, Fr. ; pileus kidney-shaped, coriaceous, cinnamon, turning pale; cuticle breaking up into mealy scales ; stem short, lateral, dilated upwards ; gills determi- nate, thin, crowded, connected by veins, cinnamon. — Soiv. t. 109. On stumps, dead trees, etc. Extremely common. 15. XEROTUS, Fr. Hymcnophorum confluent with the stem. Gills tough or coriaceous, dichotomous. Edge obtuse, entire. 1. X. degener, Fr.; pileus coriacco-membranaeeous, plano- depresscd, floceulose, hygroi)hanous, striate when moist; stem slender, solid, velvety ; gills fold-like, branched, very distant, pale.— ^om;. /. 210. In peat- mosses. I am not acquainted with this plant. q2 228 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGY. IG. SCHIZOPHYLLUM, Fr. Gills coriaceous, split longitudinally, with the two divisions rcvolute, or spreading. 1. S. commune, Fr.; pilcus adnatc behind, simple, and lobed ; gills grey, then brownish-purple, the divided surface villous, the edge rcvolute, — Sow. t. 183. On dead wood, mostly such as has been imported. I have seen this beautiful plant in profusion on foreign wood, but I have never gathered truly British specimens, which are ex- tremely rare. 17. LENZITES, Fr. Corky or coriaceous. Gills firm, often anastomosing, and forming spurious pores. Edge entire. 1 . L. betulina, Fr. ; pileus between corky and coriaceous, firm, somewhat zoned, tomcntosc, turning pale; margin of the same colour; gills straight, somewhat branched, anasto- mosing, pallid. (Plate 15, fig. 3.) On stumps, old rails, etc. Very common. Varying greatly in colour, in the degree of hardness, and in the anastomosing of the gills. Often quite rcsupinate, and then very deceptive. 2. Ij. flaccida, Fr.; pilcus thin, coriaceous, flaccid, unequal, zoned, hairy, turning pale ; margin of the same colour ; gills broad, crowded, unequal, and branched, white, then pallid. — Bull. t. 894; Bolt. t. 158. On stumps. Not uncommon. Running by almost imper- ceptible gradations into the last. 3. L. sepiaria, Fr. ; pileus hard, coriaceous, zoned, stri- goso-tomentose, rough, bright brown ; margin and the thick- jills tawny. — Soiv. t. llS. poLYPoiii;!. 229 Ou fir-wood, mostly imported. Occm'ring sometimes in great quantities on fir-poles, ou railway platforms, etc. 4. L. abietina, Fr. ; pilcus thin, coriaceous, efi'uso-rcflexed, umber, clothed with umber-coloured down, at length smooth and whitish ; gills simple, decurrent, unequal, brownish, with a glaucous bloom. — Bull. t. 442. /. 2. On deals. Glasgow, Klotzsch. Very distinct from the last. Not at all tawny. OnnEii 2. POLYPOBEI. Hymenium lining the cavity of tubes or pores, which are sometimes broken up into teeth or concentric plates. 18. BOLETUS, Fr. Hymenophorum quite distinct from the hymenium. Trama obsolete. Hymenium lining the cavity of tubes separable from one another and from the hymenophorum. 1. Spores ochraceous. * Pileus covered with a viscid 2}eUicIe ; stem solid, neither reticulated nor bulbous. 1. B. luteus, L. ; pileus gibbous, then pulvinate, smeared with a brown evanescent gluten; stem dirty-yellow, equal, firm, dirty-white, rough with dots above the broad, membra- naceous, whitish-brown ring; tubes adnate, minute, simple, yeWow.—Schceff. t. 114; Kromb. t. 33. In fir-woods. Fries says that this has been found once only in Great Britain, but it is our commonest species. 2. B. elegans, Schiim.; pileus convexo-plane, viscid, golden- 230 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGY. yellow, and slightly ferruginous ; stem firm, unequal, golden- yellow, at length rufous, dotted above the fugaeious, white, then yellowish ring; pores dceurrent, shining, minute, simple, golden-sulphur. — Grev. t. 183; Kroinb. t. 3 k/. 1-10; IIuss. ii. t. 12. In mixed woods. Far less common, and more beautifully coloured than the last. 3. B. flavus, With.; firm; pileus clothed with yellow eva- nescent gluten; stem yellow, then broAvn, criljrosc at the tip with the decurreut tubes, which are rather large, angulai', and yellow. — Soiv. t. 2(55. In woods. Common. Requires to be carefully distin- guished from B. hdeus. 4. B. larieinus, B. ; pileus dirty-white, with livid stains, covered at first with dirty-yellow or brownish evanescent slime, subsquamosc; stem cribrose above tlie ring, scrobicu- late below, dirty-white ; tubes adnatc, subdecurrent, com- pound, at first nearly white. — Huss. i. /. 25. Amongst larch -trees. Common. Flesh white, very slightly tinged with yellow. 5. B. granulatus, L. ; pileus convex, expanded, glutinous, brown-ferruginous, and when the gluten vanishes yellowish ; stem without any riiig, yellowish, punctato-granulose al)ove ; tubes adnatc, short, simple, yellow, orifice granulated. — Soiv. t. 420. In grass, amongst firs. Not common. Dorsetshire, etc. Often densely gregarious. Orifices of tubes at first dripping with a milky fluid. Spores ochraceo-ferruginous. 6. B. bovinus, L. ; pileus nearly plane, smooth, viscid, reddish-grey; stem equal, even, self-coloured; tubes subde- current, angular, compound, greyish-yellow, then ferruginous. — Kromb. t. 75. /. 1-G; Huss. i. /. 34. POLYPOREI. 231 Heathy fir-woods. Dorse tshirCj etc. Gregarious. Pileus often tinged with purple. Spores uearly yellow. Stem of the same colour as the i)ileus, but streaked with watery lines. 7. B. badius, Fr.; pileus soft, pulvinate, viseid, bay-tawny; stem solid, nearly equal, even, paler, pruinose with brown meal ; flesh turning partially blue ; tubes adnate or sinuato- depressed, rather large, angular, dingy-yellow, white, then green. — Kromb. t. 30. /. 15. In pine-woods. Eare. Birmingham, Mr. H. MutUieios. Pileus viseid in wet, shining in dry weather. 8. B. sanguineus, IVith. ; pileus eonvexo-plane, even, smooth, viscid, blood-red ; stem equal, even, variegated M'ith yellow, and blood-red; tubes adnate, broad, unequal, yellow- orange.— ^HV/i. iv. ;;. 319; Sow. t. 225. In woods. Rare. I have never found this species. With- ering says nothing about the viscid pileus. 9. B. piperatus, Bull. ; pileus couvexo-plane, smooth, slightly viseid, yellow, inclining to reddish-grey; stem slen- der, even, brittle, yellow within and at the base ; tubes sub- decurrent, large, angular, ferruginous. — Soiv. t. 31. In woods. Not very common. Smaller than any of the foregoing. Taste hot and peppery. ** Pileus more or less tomentose. 10. B. parasiticus, Bull.; parasitic; pileus hemispherical, slightly silky, dirty-yellow, as well as the incurved, rigid stem; tubes decurrent, middle-sizicd, rounded, compound, golden-yellow. (Plate 15, fig. 4.) On species of Elaphomyces. Rare. Clifton, C. E. B. Abun- dant in Kew Gardens, 1859. Pileus often cracked. Flesh yellow, becoming ruddy when dry. Not at all viscid. 11. B. variegatus, Fr. ; pileus eonvcxo-plane, obtuse, 232 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGY. raoistj tawny-yellow, sprinkled with superficial fasciculato- pilose scales ; margin acute, at first flocculose ; stem ringless, equal, even ; tubes adnate, unequal, minute, brownish-cinua- mon, then pallid. — Kromb. t. 3i. /. 15-18. In pine-woods. Not common. Helensburgh, Klotzsch. Dorsetshire. Sometimes nearly smooth. 12. B. striaepes, Sec. ; pileus convex, then plane, soft, silkj'^, olive ; cuticle ferruginous within ; stem curved, firm, yellow, with brownish-black striae, brownish-rufous at the b;ise; tubes minute, angular, at length green; orifice yellow. In woods. Rare. Coed Coch. Stem dirty-yellow, dotted under a lens with broad bay lines. Flesh white, red near the cuticle, sparingly changing to blue. 13. B. ehrysenteron, Fr. ; pileus eonvexo-plane, soft, floc- eoso-squamose, brownish, inclining to brick-red ; flesh yellow, red near the cuticle ; stem nearly equal, rigid, fibroso-striate, scarlet or yellow ; tubes subadnate, rather large, angular, un- equal, yellowish-green. — Bull. t. 490. /. 3 ; Huss. i. t. 5. In meadows, woods, etc. Extremely common. II. B. subtomentosus, L. ; pileus pulvinate, expanded, soft, dry, villoso-tomentose, somewhat olive, not red under the cuticle; stem stout, unequal, sulcate, and ribbed minutely dotted and rough, yellow^, as well as the broad angular ad- nate tubes. — Kromb. t. 37./. 8-11. In woods. Not so common as the last. Abundant at Coed Coch. In the former, when the pileus is cracked, the cracks are red, in this yellow. *** Stem reticulated; tubes adnate or merely depressed, not rounded ; orifice of tuhes yellow. 15. B. calopus, Fr. ; pileus globose, then pulvinate, not polished, subtomentose, olive ; stem firm, at first conical, then POLYPOREI. 233 nearly equal, partially or wholly scarlet, reticulated ; tubes minute, adnate, angular, yellow. — Krovib. t. 37. /. 1-7. In mixed woods. King's Cliffe. Extremely beautiful. IG. B. olivaceus, Schceff. ; pileus convex, even, at length smooth, olive-brown ; margin at first inflexed ; stem firm, clavato-bulbous, yellowish at the top, blood-coloured below, reticulate and punctate ; tubes adnate, short, minute, unequal, brown-olive. — ScJueff. t. 105. In woods. Hare. Purton, in the ' Midland Flora.' 17. B. pachypus, F?*. ; pileus pulvinate, dry, subtomen- tose, brownish, then pallid-tan ; stem thick, firm, reticulated, variegated with yellow and red; tubes somewhat elongated, shorter near the stem, almost free, yellow; orifice of the same colour. In woods. Not common. Scotland, Klotzsch. Fleshy, changing partially to blue. **** Orifice of tubes red. 18. B. Satanas, Lenz. ; pileus pulvinate, smooth, slightly viscid, brownish-tan, then nearly white; stem blunt, ovato- ventricose, reticulated above, blood-red; tubes free, minute, yellow ; orifice from the beginning blood-red. — Lenz. f. 33 ; Huss. i. t. 7. In woods. Not common. King's Cliffe, 1818, 1858. A large, poisonous species. 19. B. luridus, Fr. ; pileus pulvinate, tomentose, umber- olive, then somewhat viscid, dingy ; stem stout, vermilion, either netted or dotted ; tubes free, round, yellow, then green ; mouth vermilion, then orange. (Plate 15, fig. 5.) In woods and woodland pastures. Very common. Poison- ous. Changes rapidly to blue when cut or bruised. 20. B. erythropus, P. ; pileus tomentose, almost velvety, 231 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGY. lawny; stem elongated, dotted with red, not reticulate, red within at the base and partially elsewhere ; tubes free. In woods. King's Clitfe, etc. Flesh yellow here and there, blue when cut, but partially red. Far more beautiful than the last. 21. B. purpureus, Fi\; pilcus pulvinate, somewhat velvety, opaque, dry, purple-red ; stem stout, variegated with purple veins or dots ; tubes minute, nearly free, yellow, changing to green, orifice purple-orange. — Kromb. t. 37. /. 12-] 5. In woods. Rare. King's Clifle, 1815. Extremely beau- tiful. All the above four species are found occasionallj^ in the same wood, which consists principally of Tilia parvifolia. ***** Esculent; tuhes rounded lehlnJ ; mouth of ihe same colour. '22. B. edulis, Bull.; pilcus pulvinate, smooth, moist, brown- ish ; stem stout, reticulated, pale brown ; tubes half-free, elon- gated, minute, at first white, then yellow and green. (Plate 15, fig. 6.)—Huss. i. t. 81. In woods. Moi'e frequent in the south of England than the north. Esculent. The large size, truly netted stem, smooth pilcus, and agreeable nutty flavour, easily distinguish this species. 23. B. impolitus, Fr. ; pilcus pulvinate, dilated, flocculose, dingy, pallid, at length granuloso-rivulose ; margin obtuse; stem short, stout, compact, even, pallid ; tubes nearly free, very long, yellow, not reticulated. — Kromb. t. 1\\ f. 10, 11. On woodsides, etc. Not common. Under oaks. King's CliflPe. Grows to a large size. Flesh more or less changing to blue when cut. Fries speaks of his plant as sweet to the taste ; mine has the taste of sprouting walnuts, and is exactly the plant of Krombholz. 24. B. aestivalis, Fr. ; pilcus pulvinate, silky, soft, at length POLYPORKT. 235 rivulosc, opaque, minutely grauulatcd and silky, pallid-tan ; stem stout, firm, somewhat eonieal, even, pallid, white, as well as the minute, elongated, equal tubes. — Huss. ii. /. 25. In woodland pastures. King's Cliffe. Kent, Mrs. Hussey. A large species. The flesh, I believe, never becomes blue. 2. Spores suhfernic/inous. 25. B. viscidus, L. ; pileus pulvinate, soft, smooth, viscid, dirty-yellow ; veil subannulatc, torn, white, appeudiculate ; stem reticulate above ; tubes wide, adnate, unequal, livid. In woods. Rare. Bristol, Dr. Stephens. 26. B. voi'sipellis, Fr.; pileus pulvinate, dry, at first closely toraentose, then scaly, and smooth in the interstices; veil membranaceous, annular, inflexed, appeudiculate ; stem solid, attenuated upwards, rugoso-squaraose ; tubes free, plane, mi- nute, dirty-white. — Soio. t. 110. In Avoods. Not uncommon. Pileus of a beautiful orange. Too nearly, perhaps, allied to the next. 27. B. scaber, Fr. ; pileus pulvinate, smooth, viscid when moist, at length rugulose or rivulose ; margin veiled ; stem solid, attenuated upwards, rough Avith fibrous scales; tubes free, convex, round, minute, white, then dingy. — Vitt. t. 28. Huss. i. t. 57. In woods. Extremely common. Generally smaller than the last. 3. Spores rose-coloured. 28. B. alutarius, Fr. ; pileus pulvinate, expanded, soft, velvety, then smooth, brownish-tan ; flesh white ; stem solid, bulbous, nearly even, white, together with the pitted apex' and round plane short tubes, Avhich are depressed round the stem, and become broAvn Avhen bruised. — Kronib. t. 71. f. 8, 9. In Avoodland pastures. Rare. Kent, Mrs. Hussey. 23G OUTLINES OF BllITISlI FUNGOLOGY. 29. B. felleus, Bull. ; pileus soft_, pulviiiate, smooth, even, brown, iucliniug to reddish-grey ; stem solid above, attenuated, reticulated; tubes adnate, convex, elongated, angular, flesh- coloured, as well as the substance of the pileus when broken. —Bull. t. 379. In woods. Rare. King's Cliffc. Taste bitter. 4. S2)orcs loliite. 30. B. cyanescens, Bull. ; pileus couvexo- expanded, closely tomentose or floccoso-squamose, opaque, tan, becoming brown- ish ; flesh compact, white, dark blue when broken ; stem stufied, then hollow, ventricose, villoso-pruinose, of the same colour, constricted above, even, white ; tubes free, minute, round, white, then yellow. — Bull. t. 369. In woods. Not found since the time of Sibthorpe. 31. B. castaneus, Bull. ; pileus convex, expanded or de- pressed, opaque, velvety, cinnamon as well as the stem, which is stufied, then hollow, attenuated from the somewhat bulbous base ; flesh white, unchangeable ; tubes free, short, round, white, then dull-yellow. — Bull. t. 328; Huss. ii. t. 17. In woods. Rare. A small species. 19. STROBILOMYCES, B. Ilymenophorum quite distinct from the hymenium. Pileus fleshy, at length tough. Spores globose or broadly elliptic, minutely rough. 1. Strobilomyces strobilaceus, B.; blackish-umber; pileus pulvinate, rough with thick floccose scales ; stem equal, veiled, sulcate above ; tubes adnate, white, angular, whitish-brown. — Dicks. Cr. i. t. 3. /. 2. In fir-woods. Very rare. BuUstrodc, Liyhtfoot. Spores vcrv dark. POLYPOREI. 237 20. POLYPORUS, Fr. Hymenopliorum descending into the trania of the pores, which are not easily, if at all, separable, and changed ^vith them into a distinct substance. 1. Stem central ; pileiis entire. 1 . P. brumalis, 7^/-. ; pileus fleshy, then coriaceous, some- what umbilicate, zoneless, in the first season dingy-villous, in the second squamulose, becoming smooth, pallid ; stem slender, hirsuto-squamulose, pallid ; pores oblong and angular, slender, acute, denticulate, white. — Rost. t. 8. On dead trunks and branches. Rare. Scotland. Portbury, near Bristol, C. E. B. 2. P. fuscidulus, jFV. ; pileus fleshy, then tough, subcori- aceous, convexo-plane, zoneless, even, brown, tinged with yel- low ; stem rather slender, equal, smooth, attenuated, pallid ; pores adnate, angular, somewhat rounded, obtuse, quite entire, yellowish.— 5o//. t. 170. Amongst chips, etc. Extremely rare. Darlington, Mr. Robson. Pileus about 2 inches across. 3. P. leptocephalus, Fr. ; pileus tough, coriaceous, convexo- plane, thin, smooth, zoneless, even, pallid, then faM n-coloured ; stem short, smooth, pallid; pores minute, rounded, obtuse, adnate, whitish. — Jacq. Misc.i. t. 12. On trunks of trees. Rare. Scotland, Klotzsch. Also found by Mr. Dickson. 4. P. lentus, B. ; pileus fleshy, but tough, umbilicate, mi- nutely scaly, especially at first ; stem hispid, furfuraceous, rather slender, incurved, central or excentric ; pores irregular, decurrent, white. (Plate 16, fig. 1.) On old stems of Ulex. Northamptonshire and Notting- hamshire. Not uncommon. Allied to /-*. squainosun. 238 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUXGOI.OGY. 5. P. Schweinitzii, Fr. ; pileus thick, spongy, then corky, strigoso-tomeutose, rough, bright-brown ; stem thick, very short or obsolete, ferruginous ; pores large, often torn and irregular, sulphur-green. — Sv. Bot. t. 720. Amongst the roots of pines. Very rare. Dorsetshire, C. E. B. The first specimens found, which exactly agree with P. Schweinitzii, var. dimidiatus, were referred, because of the total absence of a stem, to P. Herheryii, Rostk. G. P. rufescens, Fr. ; flesh-coloured ; pileus spongy, then corky, soft, unequal, hairy ; stem short, irregular ; pores large, sinuated and torn, white, tinged with flesh-colour. — Soio. 190. On the ground, about stumps. Not uncommon. Sometimes very beautiful. Stem often lateral, and in densely imbricated specimens sometimes obsolete. 7. P. perennis, Fr. ; cinnamon, then bright-brown ; pilous coriaceous, then plano-infuudibuliform, velvety, at length smooth, zoned ; stem firm, thickened below, velvety ; pores minute, angular, acute, at first veiled with a white substance, then naked and torn. — Sow. t. 192 ; Huss. i. t. 51. On the ground and on stumps, mostly in subalpine countries. Not uncommon. 2. Slcm lateral. 8. P. squamosus, Fr.; pileus fleshy, but tough, flabelliform, expanded, pallid, variegated with broad, adprcssed, spot-like, centrifugal scales; stem excentric and lateral, blunt, reticu- lated above, black at the base ; pores thin, irregular, at length broad, angular, and torn, pallid. — Grev. t. 207. Huss. i. t. 33. On trunks of trees, especially Ash. Extremely common. 9. P. Rostkovii, Fr. ; pileus fleshy, but tough, dimidiate, somewhat infuudibuliform, smooth, even, dingy; stem long, excentric, reticulated^ alu'iiptly black, thickened at the base; I'OLVPOKEI. 239 pores decurrciit, broad, pentagonal, acute, toothed, white, then dirty-yellowish. — Rostk. t. 17. On old stnmps. Rare. Apethorpe, Northamptonshire. Much thinner than the last. 10. P. picipes, Fr. ; pileus flesliy, but coriaceous, rigid, tough, e\en, smooth, depressed behind and in the centre ; stem exeentric and lateral, equal, firm, at first velvety, then naked, dotted black up to the round, small, tender, white, then red- dish-grey tubes. — Grev. t. 202. On trunks of trees. Not uncommon. Pileus ochraceous or rufous. 11. P. varius, Fr. ; pileus fleshy, but tough, thin, soon woody, smooth, somewhat virgate, irregular, depressed behind or in the centre; stem exeentric and lateral, even, smooth, becoming gradually cinereous downwards; pores decurrcnt, minute, short, round, unequal, whitish, then watery-cinna- mon.— 5o/^. /. 168. On trunks of trees. Not uncommon. 12. P. elegans, Fr. ; pileus equally fleshy, soon hard and Avoody, flattened out, even, smooth, self-coloured ; stem ex- centric or lateral, even, smooth, pallid, from the first abruptly black at the base, rooting; pores plane, minute, nearly round, whitish-yellow, becoming pallid, — Bolt. t. 83. On trunks of trees. Not uncommon. The limits of these three species are, however, very diflieult to seize. P. num- muJarius, whose pileus scarcely exceeds an inch in diameter, and is occasionally almost velvety when young, though quite smooth when old, has, perhaps, quite as great pretensions to be separated as a species. 13. P. quercinus, Fr. ; pileus soft, corky, tongue-shaped, very thick, convexo-plane, even, at first flocculoso-granulatcd, tun-coloured, becoming pallid, narrowed Ijchind into a thick. 210 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGY. horizontal stem ; pores short, minute, dirty-Avhitc. — Hnss. i. t. 52. On old oaks, with Fistulina hepatica. Rare. Apethorpe, Norths. Kent, Mrs. Hussey. A most distinct species. 14. P. lucidus, Fr. ; pileus corky, flahelliform, sulcato- rugose, yellow, then sanguineous, chestnut, varnished and shining, as well as the lateral stem ; pores determinate, long, minute, white, then cinnamon. (Plate IG, fig. 2.) On the ground, about old stumps. Not uncommon. Ex- tremely beautiful when well grown. Very common in the tropics. Stem very variable in length and position. 3. Pilci numerous, springing from a common trunk, and arising from the subdivision of the primary pileus. 15. P. intybaceus, Fr. ; very much branched, fleshy, rather brittle ; pileoli very numerous, dimidiate, stretched out, sinuate, at length spathulate and nearly even, greyish-brown ; stems united into a short trunk ; pores firm, obtuse, Avhite, becoming brown. — Huss. i. t. 6. On trunks of trees. Very rare. Inverary, Rev. C. Smith, Kent, Mrs. Hussey, etc. Esculent. 16. P. cristatus, Fr.; branched, fleshy, firm, brittle; pileoli entire and dimidiate, imbricated, depressed, between villous and pulverulent, then rimoso-squamose, brown, tinged with green ; stems connate, irregular, white ; pores minute, angular and torn, dirty-white. — Rostk. t. 16. In beech-woods. Very rare, Dickson. 17. P. giganteus, Fr.; imbricated, fleshy, but tough, then subcoriaceous ; pilei dimidiate, very broad, somewhat zoned, rivulose, bright-brown, depressed behind ; stems branched, connate from a common tuber ; pores minute, nearly round, pallid, at length torn. — Huss. i. /. 82. POLYPOKKl. 241 On trunks of trees, etc. Rare. Kew. Coed Coch, etc. Surface of the pileus rough with little granules or scales. Extremely handsome. 18. P. sulfureus, Fr. ; imbricated, of a cheesy consistence, soon growing pale and cracking; pilei very broad, undulated, nearly smooth, ruddy yellow ; pores minute, plane, sulphur- coloured, at length torn. (Plate 16, fig. 3.) — Huss. i. t. 46. On trunks of various trees. Common. Stem generally obsolete. When dry, often covered with little crystals. 19. P. alligatus, Fr. ; csespitose, of a fibrous, cheesy con- sistence, rigid, but brittle ; pilei imbricated, unequal, zoneless, villous, tan-coloured, inclining to red; pores minute, soft, white, easily obliterated by flocci. — Sow. t. 422. At the base of trunks. Rare. I am not convinced that Fries and Sowerljy have the same species in view. 20. P. heteroclitus, Fr.; csespitose, coriaceous; pilei sessile, expanded on all sides from a common radical tubercle, lobcd, villous, zoneless, orange; pores irregular and elongated, dull golden-yellow.— J5o/^. t. 164. On the ground, imder oaks. I am not acquainted with this species. 21. P. salignus, Fr.; imbricato-csespitose, coriaceous, but soft ; pilei dimidiate, dilated, kidney-shaped, dirty-white, clothed with depressed down, swollen, sulcato-depressed about the somewhat lobcd margin ; pores thin, crowded, elongated, flexuous, intricate, white. — Bolt. t. 78. On willows. Not uncommon. Edinburgh, 7>. GreviUe, etc. 4. Sfemless. * Anodeemei. — Pileus at first juicy. Cuticle iwne. 22. P. chioneus, Fr. ; white ; pileus fleshy, soft, zoneless, at length even and smooth, somewhat stretched out behind ; 242 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGY. margin acute, inflexed ; pores short, round, equal, quite entire. On trunks. Scotland, A. Jcnlon. Bath, C. E. B. Thin, ahout an inch across. 23. P. fragilis, Fr. ; dirty- white, spotted with brown when touched ; pileus fleshy, fibrous, brittle, piano-depressed or ver- siform, rough with fibres, convex below ; pores thin, elongato- flcxuous, intricate. On fir. Cornwall, Mr. Ralfs. 24. P. csesius, Fr. ; white, here and there tinged with blue ; pileus fleshy, soft, tough, unequal, silky ; pores small, unequal, elongato-flexuous, torn and toothed. — Soiv. t. 226. On fallen sticks, etc. Not uncommon. About an inch across, sometimes resupinate. Spores green. 25. P. destructor, Fr.; pileus fleshy, watery, brittle, effuso- reflexed, wrinkled, dirty-white, tinged with brown, zoned within ; pores long, rounded, toothed and torn, dirty-white. On larch and Scotch fir. Scotland, Mrs. Wyyme. North- amptonshire, in several localities. Sometimes almost resu- pinate or eff'use, with scarcely any free margin. 26. P. nidulans, Fr. ; pileus fleshy, but tough, very soft, somewhat pulvinate, villous, then nearly even, zoneless, red- dish-grey, of the same colour within; pores long, middle- sized, unequal, angular, tawny, inclining to tile-red. On fallen sticks. Not common. Sherwood Forest, on mountain ash. A resupinate form was sent from Scotland by Dr. Bauchop. 27. P. rutilans, Fr. ; pileus fleshy, but tough, thin, soft, at first villous, then smooth, zoneless, taAvny-cinnamon, turning pale, of the same colour within; pores short, minute, thin, equal, acute, cinnamon. — Pers. Ic. et Descr. t. 6. /. 4. On fallen branches. Not common. Wynnstay. Denbigh- shire. When fresh, has a sweet scent, like that of anise. POLYPOREI. 243 28. P. fumosus, Fr. ; pileus fleshy, then rather corky, firm, zonclcss, silky, at length smooth, nudulatcdj dingy, pale nmbcr, dilated and adnate behind ; fibrous within and zoned ; pores short, round, minute, dirty-white, darker when bruised. On stumps of trees. Very common. Smell oppressive. 29. P. adustus, Fr.; pileus fleshy, tough, firm, thin, villous, cinereous, pallid ; margin straight, at length black, cff'uso- rcflexed behind ; pores short, minute, round, obtuse, dirty- white and pruinose, then cinereous-brown. — Sow. t. 231. On stumps of trees. Not uncommon. P. carpineus is a thin, yellowish variety. 30. P. crispus, Fr. ; pileus fleshy, but tough, coriaceous, rugose, cinereous, effuso-reflexed behind ; margin thin, crisped, at length black ; pores rather large, unequal, at length laby- rinthiform, silvery-cinereous. — Batsch, f. 227. On stumps. Less common than the last. Very nearly allied to it. 31. P. adiposus, B. and Br.; white, here and there acquiring a foxy tinge; pileus soft, waxy, shortly reflexed, obscurely tomentose ; hymenium rather thick ; pores small ; edge ob- tuse. «^, On the ground. Warwickshire, Rev. A. Bloxam. Coed Coch. Turns brownish in drying. Pores not stratose. 32. P. amorphus, Fr. ; pileus fleshy, but tough, thin, ge- nerally eff'uso-reflexed ; pores minute, unequal, golden-yellow, at first dusted with white. — Sow. t. 423. On the ground, amongst pine-leaves. A most beautiful, but small species. Sowerby's plant is not so bright in colour as the more usual form. 33. P. hispidus, Fr. ; pileus compact, fleshy, but spongy, dimidiate, pulvinate, hispid, ferruginous, fibrous within, the fibres diverging ; pores minute, rounded, inclined to scpa- R 2 24i OUTLINES OF UlllTISII FUXGOLOGY. rate, fimbriated, paler than the pileus. — Soiv. t. 345. Huss. i. /.29, 31. On trunks of living trees. Very common. Very dark when old. Spores yellow. 34. P. spumous, Fr.; dirty-white; pileus fleshy, but spongy, compact, pulvinatc or convexo-planc, wrinkled, hispid, flesh white; pores seceding, minute, round, acute, entire. (Plate 16, fig. 4^.)— Sow. t.2\l. On trunks of various trees. Not common. Very variable in form. Slightly zoned within. ** Placouermei. — Pileus indurated, cJotTicd loith a more or less decided crust. 35. P. dryadeus, 2^/\ ; pileus rather soft, spongy, then corky, thick, pulvinate, subferruginous, turning brown ; cuticle thin, soft, pitted, then even and smooth ; flesh fibrous, somewhat zoned, ferruginous as well as the very long, slender, round, soft pores; orifice at first paler. — Bull. t. 458. Huss. i. t. 21. At the foot of old oaks. Not uncommon. Often studded with drops of moisture. Spores white. Cuticle not so manifest as in several allied species. 36. P. betulinus, Fr. ; pileus fleshy, then corky, ungulate, obtuse, smooth, zoneless, covered with a thin, even, brownish, minutely scabrous cuticle; vertex oblique, forming a sort of umbo; pores short, minute, round, unequal, white, at length seceding. — Grev. t. 246. On birch-trees. Not uncommon. Makes excellent razor- strops. 37. P. palloscens, Fr. ; pileus fleshy and spongy, at length corky, thin, zoneless, even, smooth, yellowish; margin acute, of the same colour ; pores short, minute, roundish, white, at length yellowish. — Sow. t. 230. POLYPOREI. 245 On old stumps. Not common. A small species^ resembling some states of P. fumosus. 38. P. vegetus, Fr. ; pilcus broad, dilated, smooth, opaque- brown ; annual zone broad, coueentrieally sulcate ; substance floccosc, loose, very thin ; cuticle of the second season thick, separable; pores minute, seceding, umber, the stratum of each year being separated by a floccosc mass. On lime-trees. Scotland, Klotzsch. 39. P. applanatus, Fr. ; pilcus flattened, tuberculate, obso- letely zoned, pulverulent or smooth, cinnamon, become whitish, clothed with a rigid, crustaceous, and at length brittle skin, very soft within, loosely floccosc ; margin swollen, white, then cinnamon; pores very small, subferruginous ; orifice dirty- Avhite, brownish when bruised. On trunks of trees. Scotland, Klotzsch. Bristol, Oxford, etc. A large plant, with abundant ferruginous pores, and very soft, often pale, silky flesh. 40. P. fomentarius, Fr. ; pilcus ungulate, dilated, thick, remotely zoned concentrically, smooth, opaque, dingy, then whitish, soft and floccosc within, of a tawny-ferruginous ; cuticle thick, very hard, persistent; margin and very long minute pores distinctly stratose, at first pruinose, then ferru- ginous. — Sow. t. 133. On trunks of trees. Common. Spores dark, 41. P. nigricans, Fr.; pilcus pulvinate, very thick, closely and concentrically sulcate, smooth, shining, black ; crust very hard, laccate, persistent; substance ferruginous, extremely hard ; margin very obtuse, ferruginous, as well as the very small, plane, eonfluenti-stratose, naked pores. On birch-trees. Scotland, Klotzsch. Not found, I ])clicvc, by any one else. A neater and more shining plant than the following. 246 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGY. 42. P. igniarius, Fr. ; pilcus even, clothed with a thiu flocculcnt coat, which soon hecomes white, at length ungu- late, ferruginous, changing to brownish-black, opaque; skin close ; surface uneven, very hard, as well as the zoned ferru- ginous flesh ; margin rounded ; pores very minute, convex, stratose, cinnamon, at first whitish. — Sow. t. 132. On willows, poplars, plums, etc. Extremely common. My- celium and spores white, by which latter circumstance, as well as by other characters, it is clearly distinguished from 1\ fo- mentarius. Often resupinate. 43. P. Ribis, Fi\ ; pileus corky, coriaceous, rather soft, flattened, velvety, nearly even, ferruginous, then umber, tawny Mithiu, as well as the sharp margin, and short, small, naked pores. At the base of currant- and gooseberry-trees. Very com- mon, lasting several years. 44. P. conchatus, Fr. ; pileus corky, hard, thin, effused, subconchiform, rcflexed, concentrically sulcate, toraentose, bright brown ; margin acute; pores short, small, cinnamon. On trunks of various trees. Not uncommon. 4ij. P. salicinus, Fr.; pileus woody, very hard, undulated, smooth, in great part resupinate ; margin short, obtuse, pa- tent, cinnamon, then brown ; pores very small, round, ferrugi- nous, cinnamon. On willows. Common. Very difficult to distinguish from the last, which also grows on willows. Both are frequently resupinate. Crust black. 46. P. tQmarius, Fr. ; pileus corky, hard, undulated and tubcrculate, crustaceous or pileate, smooth, at first white with- out and within ; pores dccurrent, minute, round, stratose, yel- lowish salmon-coloured. (Plate 10, fig. 5 : plant of the second season.) — Huss. i. t. 64. POLYPOllEI. 247 In old clm-truuks. Common. Very variable as regards the colour of the pileus when old. Pores always coloured. 47. P. fraxineus, Fr. ; pileus corky, hard, smooth, flat- tened, white, then rubiginous and brown, at first even, then concentrically sulcato-plicatc, pallid within; pores minute, short, rufous, at first clothed with white sebaceous villosity, as is also the margin. At the base of ash-trees. Not uncommon. I have seen this species a yard in diameter, and marked with concentric furrows, indicating the periods of growth. 48. P. cytisinus, B. ; large, imbricated ; pileus coarsely tuberculated, hard, woody; margin subacute; substance nearly white, as well as the minute pores. — Sow. t. 288. At the foot of a laburnum. London. Quite smooth, at least when dry. A foot or more across. Allied to the last. 49. P. variegatus, Fr. ; pileus corky, hard, smooth, flat- tened, even, zoneless, shining, variegated with orange and bay, pallid within ; pores round, minute, short, unequal and torn, yellowish. — Sow. t. 368. On trunks of trees. I am not acquainted with this species. 50. P. cervinus, P. ; efi'nsed, very broad ; pileus somewhat reflexed, zoned, cinereous-umber, clothed with spongy down ; pores large, various, greyish ; dissepiments rigid. — Myc. Eur. ii. p. 87. On fallen branches of beech. Not uncommon. Oswestry, Rev. T. Salwey. King's Clifie, etc. Not properly fawn- coloured. 51. P. annosus, Fr. ; pileus woody, convex, then flattened, rough with tubercles, in the first season brown, silky, in the second and when old covered with a rigid, smooth, black crust; substance white; margin obtuse, whitish^ as well as the middle-sized, obtuse pores. 248 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUXGOLOGY. On stumps of larcli, etc. Very common in some districts. Extremely vai'iable. Often resupinate; and then P. medulla- pants of some authors. P. scolicus and P. subpUeatus, Kl., are both forms of this species. 52. P. connatus, Fr. ; pilei corky, hard, cfl'uso-reflexed, imbricated, somewhat zoned, confluent, velvety, -white with- out and within ; pores minute, roundish, white. On old trunks of crab-trees, etc., running up them for one or two feet. Often amongst moss. Not uncommon. The pilei are sometimes almost obliterated by the moss. *** Inodeemei. — Fili'us at Jlrst dry, clotlicd tt'itli a iliin filrons cuticle. 53. P. radiatus, Fr.; pileus cork}^, coriaceous, rigid, ra- diato-rugosc, at first velvety, tawny, then smooth, ferruginous- brown; margin patent, waved; pores minute, pallid, with a silvery lustre, at length ferruginous. — Sow. t. 190. On hazel-stems, etc. Not very uncommon. Scotland, A. Jerdon. It has the colour of some of the Placodcrmei. 54. P. fibula, Fr.; white; pileus coriaceous, tough, hairy, substrigose, zonclcss; margin entire, acute; pores rather small, round, acute, at length pallid. — Sow. t. 387. /. 8. On the door of a wine-cellar, Sowerby. I am not ac- quainted with this species. 55. P. velutinus, Fr.; pileus corky, coriaceous, plane on either side, velvety, slightly zoned, white, at length yellowish ; margin acute, attenuated ; pores round, minute, then w hitc. On branches. Not common. Edinburgh, Br. Greville. 5G. P. versicolor, Fr. ; pileus thin, coriaceous, rigid, flat- tened, depressed behind, velvety, shining in parts, variegated with difierent coloured zones; pores minute, round, acute and torn, white, at length pallid. — Htiss. i. t. 24. POLYPORKT. 249 On stumps, brandies, etc. One of the most common spe- cies, and as variable as it is common. Some specimens are perfectly white, others yellowish, others cinereous-blue, etc. Some individuals approach near to P. zonatus, which has not, I believe, been found in this country. It is a far thicker and coarser plant. Sow. t. 367 is probably a pale form of this. 57. P. abietinus, Fr. ; pileus coriaceous, thin, effuso-re- flexed, villous, obsoletely zoned, cinereous-white; pores un- equal, torn, lilac, at length pale. — Grev. t. 221. On trunks of Coniferce. Almost as common as the last in fir-woods, and sometimes very pretty. Extremely variable in form, but always easily recognized. 58. P. Wynnei, B. and Br. ; confluent, various in form ; pi- leus aduate behind, efiuso-reflexed, then tan-coloured, marked with silky raised lines ; pores small, angular, white. Running over twigs, grass, etc. Rare. Cheshire. Coed Coch. Pores becoming pallid in drying. This species has somewhat the habit of P. amorphus, but is very different in substance. 5. Resupinate. * Pores coloured. 59. P. contiguus, Fr. ; effused, firm, at first obscurely cin- namon ; circumference villous or fibrous, then smooth, ferru- ginous ; pores middle-sized, equal, obtuse, entire. On rotten wood and sticks. Not common. East Bcrgholt, Dr. Badham. P. cellaris, Desm., is probably the same spe- cies. It has been found at Oswestry by Mr. Salwey. GO. P. ferruginosus, Fr. ; effused, firm, tawny, when old ferruginous, bright brown ; circimiference barren; pores elon- gated, roundish, middle-sized, cinnamon. — Grev. t. 155. On gate-posts, fallen sticks, etc. Common. IMycclium 250 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUXGOLOGY. ocliraccous. In resupiuate forms of P. iyniarhis the mycelium is white. Gl. P. nitidus, Fr. ; eflused, thin, yellow; cireumfcreiice paler, formed of the interwoven myeelium ; pores minnte, roundish, short, saffron-yellow. — Pers. Obs. ii. t. 4. /. 1 . On dead wood, llai'c. Bristol, Dr. Stephens. G2. P. Armeniacus, B.; suborbicular, confluent, extremely thin ; circumference minutely downy ; pores at first white, then deep buff'. On the bark of fir-trees. Appin, Cujjt. Carmichael. Pores often confined to the centre. G3. P. bombycinus, Fr.; eff'used, membranaceous, of a silky texture, dirty-yellow ; circumference byssoid ; below velvety, arachnoid; pores large, angular. — Soiv. t. 387. f. 5. On dead wood. Not common. Portbury, C. E. Broome, Northamptonshire, etc. The pores vary a good deal in size. 6 i. P. incarnatus, Fr. ; eff'used, coriaceous, firm, smooth, flesh-coloured ; pores rather long, unequal. — Pe7-s. Myc. Eur. t. IG. /. 4. On decaying trunks of fir-trees. Rare. Edinburgh, Dr. GreviUe. Pores of a fine flesh-colour, approaching in some cases to orange. 65. P. purpureus, Fr. ; broadly and widely eff'used ; myee- lium mucedinous, flocculose, white, creeping on the surface of the decayed wood ; pores short, minute, unequal, obtuse, scattered here and there or conglomerate, purple-lilac. On a decayed willow. Very rare. Cotterstock, Northamp- tonshire. P. undatus, Eng, Fl., is not the plant of Pers., but probably a state of P. igniarius. ** Pores loTiite, or only hecoming pallid. GG. P. cinctus, B. ; white, turning pallid, forming little scattered patches, each surrounded by radiating strigosc fibres ; POLYPOREI. 251 pores extremely minute, angular; dissepiments extremely tliin ; edge ragged. — Mug. Zool. and But. i. /. 2. /. 3. On old deal boards. Very rare. King's Cliffe. Some of the patches are barren, and some at length become confluent. G7. P. medulla-panis, Fr. ; eflused, determinate, subun- dulated, firm, smooth, Avhite ; circumference naked, immargi- nate, composed almost entirely of middle-sized, rather long, entire pores. On decaying wood. Not uncommon if Sow. t. 387. f. 7 be the plant of Fries, as it certainly is of Persoon. 68. P. vitreus, Fr. ; efl'used, subundulatcd, indeterminate, dirty- white, somewhat hyaline j mycelium thin, separable, matted together into a mass like kid leather; pores very small, round, long, obtuse, entire. On decayed wood. Rare. West of England, C. E. B. 69. P. obducens, Fi'. ; effused, incrusting, innate, firm, white, composed entirely of very small, crowded, equal pores, distinctly stratose; annual strata pallid-tan. On rotten trunks. ISot common. Bristol, C. E. B. Not to be confounded with resupinate P. connatus. 70. P. vulgaris, Fr. ; widely effused, thin, dry, closely ad- nate, even, white ; circumference soon smooth, entirely formed of firm, crowded, nearly equal pores. (Plate 16, fig. 6.) On dead wood and fallen branches. Not uncommon. Sometimes yellowish. 71. P. molluscus, Fr. ; effused, thin, soft, Avliite ; circum- ference byssoid, composed of radiating fibrils; pores central or collected in patches, small, round, unequal and torn, turn- ing pale.— ^o^^. t. 387. /. 9. On dead wood. Rare. Known by its radiating, byssoid margin. I have found it, however, abundantly on larch, with the margin sometimes radiating, sometimes abrupt. 252 oiiLiMcs or nimisii iingology. 72. P. terrestris, Ir. ; efl'uscd, nraclmoid; byssoid, delicate, fugacious, ■white; pores eciitral, verj' small, at length rufous. On the naked soil, or on rotten uood. Wine. Linlithgo"\v- shire. Dr. Bunchop. 73, P. vaporarius, Fr. ; eflused, innate ; mycelium creep- ing amongst the tissue of the -wood, floceose, white ; pores large, angular, white, turning pallid, crowded into a close, firm, persistent stratum. On fallen branches Everywhere in woods, 74. P. aneirinus, Fr. ; effused, thin, subinnatc ; circum- ference byssoid, white j pores large, cellular, waxy, angular, smooth, white, then tawny. On fallen twigs. Rare, Edinburgh, Dr. Baucliop. 75, P. Stephensii, Fr. ; orbicular, white, at length con- fluent ; margin sometimes slightly reflexed, toraeutose ; pores broad, nearly equal, angular ; dissepiments rather thick ; edge villous. On twigs of privet. West of England, Dr. Stephens, C. E. B. A very fine species, resembling a resupinate Hexa- gonia. Pores one-twentieth of an inch across, 7Q. P. Vaillantii, Fr. ; white, thin ; mycelium free, form- ing distinct strings, sometimes joined together by a mem- brane; pores crowded here and there, short, rather large, thin, unequal, — Sow, t. 326. On dead wood. Very rare. Glasgow, KlotzscJi. Easily known by its very peculiar mycelium, 21, TRAMETES, Fr. Ilymenophorum descending into the trama of the pores without any change, which are permanently concrete with the pileus. Pores entire.* * Some of the Poh/pori, as P. versicolor, iov Qiiam\)\o, liavo the trama, thoun;li POLYPOREI. 253 1. T. pini, Ft'.; pilcus corky, hard, pulvinatc, concentri- cally sulcatc, cracked and pitted, rough, ferruginous-brown, then black, tawny-ferruginous within ; pores large, roundish or oblong, yellow, inclining to red-brown. On pine-trunks. Rare. Scotland, Klotzsch. 2. T. suaveolens, Fr. ; pileus corky, rather soft, pulvinatc, villous, zoncless, white ; pores round, rather large, obtuse, white, inclining to brown. — Huss. i. t. 43. On willows, liraes, etc. Not common. Bristol, Dr. Ste- phens, etc. King's Cliffe. Smell like that of aniseed. 3. T. odora, Fr. ; pileus corky, elastic, uneven, gradually becoming smooth, zoneless, pallid ; pores minute, round, equal, dirty- white, inclining to ochre. — Bolt. t. 162. On willows. Rare. Bristol, Dr. Stephens. Very nearly re- lated to the last. It has the same smell. 4. T. gibbosa, Fr. ; dirty-white ; pileus corky, villous, ob- soletely zoned, extended behind and gibbous ; pores linear, straight, equal. — Sow. t. 194; Huss. ii. t. 4. On gate-posts, stumps, etc. Rare. Bristol, C. E. B. Re- sembles somewhat thick specimens of Lenzites betulina. Very variable, however, in thickness. Always truly porous, though the pores are elongated. Sowerby's plant grew at the foot of a poplar. thin, of the same structure with the hymenophorum. Tliese, however, are not closely alhed to Trametes, and have been separated by Fries under the generic name of Polystictus, the technical character berag derived from the fact that the pores, winch are developed in a centrifugal direction, are perpendicular to the fibrillose stratum above the hymenophorum, whereas in Trametes the hymenophorum is not distinct from tlie rest of tjlie pilous. I liave retahied for the present the arrangement proposed by Fries in the ' Epicrisis,' though the genus Polystictus wiU, in all probability, be ultimately adopted. No incon- vcuience is likely to arise, as the genus Trametes includes so few British species. 254 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGY. 22. D^DALEA, P. Hymenopliorum dcsccuding iuto the traraa without auy change. Pores, wlicii fully formed, torn, toothed, or laby- rinthiform. 1. D, quereina, P.; pilcus corky, rugged, unequal, nearly smooth, of the same colour ^yithin ; hymeniura at first po- rous, then broken up into \yaved or gill-like, labyriuthiform sinuses; edge obtuse. (Plate 19, fig. 5.) On oak-stumps, rails, etc. Not uncommon. Sometimes resupinatc. Very near some states of Lenzites, but evidently be- longing to the pore-bearing, rather than the gill-bearing series. 2. D. confragosa, P. ; pileus corky, coriaceous, rather con- vex, scabrous, somewhat zoned, self-coloured, brownish-red, subferruginous or wood-coloured within; hymeiiium porous, then labyriuthiform and torn, at length reddish -brown. — Bolt. t. 160 ; Sow. t. 193. On willows, service, etc. Rare. Bristol, C E. B. King's Cliffe, etc. Sowerby's plant is the same with Bolton's. 3. D. unicolor, Fr. ; pileus coriaceous, corky, villoso-stri- gose, cinereous, with zones of the same colour ; sinuses laby- riuthiform, flexuous, intricate, acute, then torn and toothed. — Soiv. t. 325. On stumps, etc. Very common. 4. D. latissima, Fr. ; corky, hard, thick, undulated, red- dish-brown or pallid wood-colour ; pores thin, distant, very obtuse, roundish and elongated, flexuous. — Soiv. t. 424. On dead branches, or on the ground. Rare. 23. MERULIUS, Fr. Ilyracnium soft, waxy, forming porous, reticulate, or si- nuous, toothed folds. POLYPOREI, 255 1. M. tremellosus, Schrad. ; resupinate, then free or re- flexcd, of a trcmelloid fleshy consistence, white ; margin den- tato-radiate ; folds porous, various, pinkish. — Huss. i. L 10. Boletus arboreus, Soiv. t. 316. At the base of decayed trees. Rare. Apcthorpe, etc. Sometimes the edge is beautifully tinged with pink, as in Mrs. Hussey's plant. 2. M. cerium, Fr. ; resupinate, effused, soft, thin, like paper ; circumference at length free and reflexed, white and villous below ; hymenium reticulato-porous, flesh-coloured or pallid-tan. — Grev. I. 147. On dead trunks, etc. Extremely common. Very variable, 3. M. molluscus, Fr. ; effused, thin, soft, membranaceous ; margin byssoid, white ; folds flesh-coloured, gyrated, and form- ing pores. — Fers. Myc. Eur. t. 14-. /. 1, 2. On dead wood. Rare. Penzance, Mr. Ralfs. Hymenium dark-brown when old. 4. M. Porinoides, Fr. ; crustaceous, adnate, thin ; circum- ference byssoid, white; folds poriform, distant, dirty-yellow. — Pers. Myc. Eur. t. 14. /. 7. On dead wood, chips, etc., or on the ground. Very rare. Bristol, C. E. B. 5. M. riifus, P.; crustaceo-adnate, smooth, red-brown; circumference nearly naked, of the same colour, as also the uniformly porous hymenium. — Pers. Myc. Eur. t. 16. /. 1, 2. On fallen oak-boughs. Bristol, C. E. B., etc. This has a very Polyporoid appearance, and I am not certain that it is anything more than a state of Dcedalea confragosa, of which, I believe, Trametes rubescens is a synonym. 6. M. serpens, Fr. ; crustaceo-adnate, thin_, at length smooth, pallid, then reddish ; circumference byssoid, white ; folds at first mere wrinkles, then forming entire angular pores. 256 OUTLIXES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGY. On (lead wood. Rare. Twycross, Rev. A. Bloxam. Not separable, like M. corium. 7. M. pallens, B. ; adnatc, thin, inseparable, pale-reddish, flesliy, subgelatinous ; folds poriform ; margin indeterminate. — Ann. of Nat. Hist. ser. 1. vol. vi. p. 358. On fir-wood. Hare. Nottingliamsliirc and Leicestershire. Pores minute. 8. M. Carmichaelianus, B. ; white, extremely thin, form- ing efiFused, entirely resupinate, irregular, interrupted, con- fluent patches; folds forming regular angular reticulations; dull brown when dry. — Grev. t. 22^. On bark. Very rare. Appin, Capt. Carmichael. Forming a mere pellicle, with minute, often hexagonal, extremely shal- low pores. 9. M. lacrymans, Fr. ; large, fleshy but spongy, moist, ferruginous-yellow, arachnoid and velvety beneath; margin tomentose, white; folds ample, porous, and gyroso-dentate. (Plate 2, fig. \.)—Hiiss. i. t. 3. In cellars and hollow trees. Too common. Often dripping with moisture. Sometimes several feet in width. I do not consider M. imlverulentus more than a mere form of the same thing. Dry Rot is caused mainly by this fungus. 10. M. aurantiacus, Klotzsch ; pilous tough, carnoso-co- riaceous, effuso-reflexed, zoned, tomentose, between yellow and dirty-white, here and there cinereous; folds minute, subpori- form, dull-orange. On dead beech-trees. Rare. Scotland, Klotzsch. Allied to the last. 24. POROTHELIUM, Fr. Ilymenophorum mycclioid, covered with distinct papilhc, at first closed, then open like pores. HYDNEI. 257 1. P. Priesii, Mont.; effused, confluent, flocculoso-mem- brauaceous, white, inelining to taa-colour ; circumference simple; papillae immersed, yellowish, at length open, pitcher- shaped. — Ann. de Sc. Nat. ser. 2. vol. v. p. 339. On pine- wood. Very rare. Castle Semple, Klotzsch. Wraxall, Somersetshire, C. E. B. Wothorpe, Northampton- shire. Pores often crowned with a pellucid drop. 25. FISTULIWA, Bull. Hymenophorum fleshy. Hymenium inferior, at first pa- pillose ; the papillas at length elongated, and forming distinct tubes, 1. F. hepatica, Fr. ; fleshy and juicy, rootless; pileus un- divided, blood-red. (Plate 17, fig. 1.) — Huss. i. t. 65. On trunks of old oaks. Common. Esculent. Sometimes attaining an enormous size. Tubes flesh-coloured or yel- lowish. Ordeu 3. HYDNEI. Hymenium spread over the surface of spines, teeth, persis- tent papillae, etc., and not lining impressed pores or tubes. 26. HYDNUM, L. Spines awl-shaped or compressed, distinct at the base. * Stem central. 1. H. imbricatum, L. ; pileus fleshy, nearly plane, some- what umbilicate, rough with tessellated scales, floccose, zone- less, umber ; stem short, even ; spines decurrent, pale-cinere- ous. — Grei). t. 71. 258 OUTLINES or British fungology. On the ground^ in piue-MOods. Not common. Of the two forms, the one with thick persistent scales alone has been at present found in Great Britain. 2. H. repandum, L. ; pileus fleshy, compact, rather waved, nearly smooth, pallid, as well as the irregular stem ; spines imequal, of the same colour. (Plate 17, fig. 2.) — Huss. i. 1. 16. On the ground, in woods. Common, Esculent. H. ru- fescens is a variety with a redder colour. — Bolt. t. 89. 3. H. compactum, Fr. ; pileus corky, compact, waved and tuberculate, zoneless, olivaceous, cinereous, or brown, com- monly involved in white down, variegated with blue within ; stem very short, irregular, tawny-brown ; spines brownish, pale at the tips. — Batsch, f. 221. On the ground, on heaths, and in fir-woods. Rare. Bun- gay, Woodward. Aviemore, Klotzsch. 4. H. zonatum, Batsch ; ferruginous ; pilous coriaceous, thin, expanded, somewhat funnel-shaped, zoned, at length smooth, radiato-rugose ; margin pale, sterile; stem slender, nearly equal, floccose, tuberous at the base ; spines slender, pallid, then of the same colour as the pileus. — Batsch, f. 224. In woods. Rare. Cork, Mr. Denis Murray. 5. H. graveolens, Delastre ; pileus coriaceous, thin, soft, zoneless, wrinkled, dark brown, cinereous when dry, brown within ; margin whitish ; stem slender ; spines short, grey. In woods. Rare. Wales, Mr. Ralfs. Worcestershire. Has a strong and persistent smell of melilot. ** Stem lateral. 6. H. auriscalpium, L. ; pileus dimidiate, kidney-shaped, coriaceous, hairy, bright brown, inclining to black ; stem slen- der, rooting, hairy, of the same colour ; spines tougli, bright brown. — Grev. t. 196. HYDNEI. 259 Ou fir-cones. Common. Extremely pretty. *** Branclied or ftiberciiUform, immarglnate. 7. H. coralloides. Scop. ; very mueli branched, wliite^ at length yellowish, broken up into intricate attenuated branches ; spines unilateral, awl-shaped, entire. — Sow. t. 252. On decayed fir, beech, ash, etc. Rare. Young plant re- sembling a cauliflower. Esculent. 8. H. Erinaceus, Bull.; flesh tough, elastic, pendulous, tubereulate, immarginate, white, acquiring a yellow tinge above, torn into fibres ; spines very long, straight, equal, pen- dulous.— £«//. t. 3i. On trunks of oak, beech, etc. Rare. 9. H. Caput-Medusse, Bull. ; fleshy, tubcrculiform, some- what stipitate, white, then cinereous; upper spines distorted, lower fertile, long, straight. — Bull. t. 412. On trunks of trees. Rare. Oxfordshire, C P. Berkeley. **** Stemless, dimidiate. 10. H. gelatinosum, Scop. ; pileus gelatinous, tremulous, dimidiate, substipitate, glaucous, turning brown, papillate; spines soft, pyramidal, glaucous. — Kromb. t. 50. /. 18, 22. On trunks of firs. Very rare. Weybridge, Mr. F. Curreij, 11. H. ochraceum, P. ; pileus efi'uso-reflexed, thin, coria- ceous, zoned, oehraceous ; spines very small, pinkish-ochre. — Soiv. ^ 15. On fallen sticks, etc. Common. Easily removed from the matrix. Often resupinate. ***** Besupinate. 12. H. squalinum, Fr. ; subiculum firm, coriaceous, ad- nate, wood-coloured ; spines long, crowded, stout, compressed, entire, at length brownish. — Bolt. t. 74. s 9, 2G0 OUTLINES or inilTISH FUNGOLOGY. On trunks of trees, especially beech. Admitted on the authority of the figures of Ray and Bolton. 13. H. membranaceum, Bull, ; subiculum effused, waxy, membranaceous, agglutinate, smooth, tawny-ferruginous ; spines awl-shaped, crowded, equal, acute, of the same colour. —Sow. t. 3.27. On fallen sticks. Not uncommon. Spines often collected in bundles. 14. H. Weinnianni, Fr.; subiculum effused, waxy, mem- branaceous, agglutinate, smooth, greyish fawn-colour j spines minute, sharp, rather distant, equal. — Pei's. Myc. Eur. t. 22. /. 2. On fallen branches. Bristol, Dr. Stephens. 15. H. fuscum, P. ; effused, rufous-brown ; circumference paler, coarsely byssoid ; spines long, quite entire, close, very acute, shining, as if varnished. — Pers. Myc. Eur. ii. t. 17. /. 3. On dead wood. Very rare. Wrabness, Essex, Rev. R. T. Lowe. Differs from H. fusco-atrum, Fr., in its long spines. 16. H. ferruginosum, Fr. ; subiculum effused, tomentose, tawny-ferruginous, as well as the crowded, conico-subulate, acute spines. — Nees, Syst. f. 248. On decaying wood. Not uncommon. Separable from the matrix, almost mucedinous when not fully developed. 17. H. variecolor, P.; subiculum effused, adnate, furfu- raceo-crustaccous ; spines crowded, short, conical, unequal, minute, l)rownish. On dead stumps. Rare. Clifton, Nottinghamshire. Com- pared with an authentic specimen from Fries. 18. H. alutaeeum, Fr. ; subiculun\ longitudinally effused, erustaceous, adnate, smooth, pale-ochre ; circumference naked; spines minute, crowded, equal, acute. HYDNEI. 261 On dead wood. Rare. CoUcywcston, Northamptonshire. My plant is not on fir-wood, like that of Fries. 19. H. spathulatum, Fr.; subiculum effused, membrana- ceous, seceding, dirty-white, verging on yellow ; circumference fimbriate; spines spathulate, oblique, orange. On decaying wood. Very rare. Apethorpe, Northampton- shire. Spines, however, scarcely orange, yet agreeing with authentic specimens from Schweinitz. Separable. 20. H. udum, Fr. ; subiculum effused, thin, subgelatinous, agglutinate, smooth, flesh-coloured, then wateiy-yellow; spines crowded, unequal, forked and fimbriate, of the same colour. (Plate 17, fig. 3.) On fallen branches. Not uncommon. So nearly allied to H. membranacewn, that it is difficult to draw the line between them. 21. H. niveum, P.; white; subiculum effused, thin, mem- branaceous, adnate ; circumference byssoid ; spines short, crowded, equal, smooth. — Pers. Disp. t. 4. /. G, 7. On dead wood, leaves, etc. Rare. Bristol, C. E. B. 22. H. farinacetun, P. ; white ; subiculum effused, inde- terminate, crustaceous, mealy ; circumference slightly floccu- lose ; spines slender, rather distant, very acute, quite entire. On decayed wood. Not uncommon. Varies a little in tint. 23. H. plumosum, 7)m% ; downy, snow-white; subiculum very delicate ; spines divided, feathered at the apex. — Bot. Gall. ii. 2^' 778. On dead Avood. Rare. Lambley, Nottinghamshire. 27. SISTOTREMA, P. Hymenium spread over gill-like teeth, irregularly distri- buted, distinct from the pileus, and easily separable. 262 OUTLINES or brttisii fungology. 1. S. confluens, P. ; simple, confluent, -svliite; pileus fleshy, irregular, horizontal, villous; stem somewhat cxcentric; teeth flexuous. — Grev. t. 248. On the ground. Not common. At length yellowish, or tinged with brown. Teeth entire, or jagged. 28. IRPEX, Fr. Teeth formed at an early stage of the growth of the subi- culum, concrete with it, and disposed in rows or like net- work, and connected together. 1 . I. pendulus, Fr. ; pilei membranaceous, plicate, clothed with adpressed, pilose scales, yellow, extended behind, pen- dulous ; margin and large, seriate, incised teeth white. — Alb. and Sckw. t. 6. /. 7. On pine- wood. Rare. Scotland, Klotzsch. There is a strong analogy between this curious plant and Lentinus coch- leatus. No one now knows what Hydmim crispiim, Schaiff"., is. It probably belongs to this genus, and is said to have been found by Sibthorp and others. 2. I. Johnstoni, ?i. 5.; pure white, coriaceo-membranaceous, separable from the matrix ; circumference naked ; teeth com- pi'essed, unequal, disposed in rows. On dead branches. Berwick, Dr. Johnston. This was re- ferred to /. lacteus in the ' English Flora,^ but that is a far thicker and very difibrent species. The separable subiculum, and pure, unchangeable white, distinguish it from /. candidus, Weinm. 3. I. obliquus, Fr. ; eff'used, erustaceous, adnate, Avhite, be- coming pallid; circumference byssoid; teeth springing from a porous base, compressed, unequal, incised, oblique. — Bolt. t. IGT. /. 1. IIYDNEI. 263 On fallen branches. Not common. Berwick, Dr. Johnston. Linlithgowshire, Dr. Bauchop. 29. RADULUM, Fr. Tubercles rude, irregular, commonly elongated and cylin- drical, obtuse, waxy. 1. R. orbieulare, Fr. ; in the autumn effused, orbicular, confluent, white, then yellowish ; circumference byssoid ; tu- bercles elongated, irregular, roundish, scattered or fasciculate ; in the spring waxy, smooth, flesh-coloured ; tubercles shorter and broader. — Grev. t. 278. On dead branches of birch. Not uncommon in some dis- tricts. 2. R. quercinum, Fr. ; roundish, then widely confluent, innate, crustaceous, becoming smooth, white, then pallid ; tu- bercles roundish, elongated, stout, obtuse, scattered or fasci- culate, irregular, floccoso-villous at the tips. — Raii Syn. t. 1. On branches of oak. Rare. Chester, A. B. Hill. East Bergholt, etc. Hydnum Barba-Jovis, Sow., belongs to this species. 30. PHLEBIA, Fr. Hymenium soft and waxy (subgelatinous), spread over per- sistent crest-like wrinkles or veins, whose edge is entire. 1 . P. merismoides, Fr. ; effused, flesh-coloured, then livid, white and villous beneath ; circumference orange, strigose ; wrinkles simple, straight, crowded. — Grev. t. 280; Huss. ii. /. 44. On old stumps and decayed branches, often running over mosses. Rare. Thin, almost tremclloid when fresh. 2. P. radiata, Fr. ; suborbicular, equal, smooth on either 264 OUTLTXES OF liKlTISII I'UNGOLOGY. side, bright red, flesli-colourcd ; circumference radiato-den- tate; folds straight, radiating in rows. — Sow. t. 291 ! On bark. Very rare. Appin, Cajjt. Carmichael. Twy cross, Ttev. A. Bloxam. Bright in colour, almost orange. Thicker tlian the last. 3. P. contorta, /*>. ; eftused, rather firm, rufous, then brown, smooth on either side ; circumference indeterminate ; folds collected in little patches or raraulose, somewhat flcxuous, dis- posed irregularly. — Pers. Myc. Eur. t. 18. /. 5. On decayed wood, etc. Rare. Linlithgowshire, Dr. Bauchop. This is the only species of which I have not authentic speci- mens. 4. P. vaga, Fr.; effused, adnate; circumference byssoid, fibrillose, dirty-yellow ; hymenium yellowish-grey, formed of creeping, intricate veins, which at length coalesce. On decayed wood. Common. Arachnoid at fii'st, then tra- versed with intricate, fructifying veins rather than wrinkles, which multiply rapidly, and form an intricate mass. 31. GRANDINIA, Fr. Hymenium waxy, granulated ; granules obtuse, entire, equal, crowded, smootb, persistent. 1. G. grantdosa, Fr. ; waxy, widely effused, agglutinate, tan-coloured ; circumference determinate, smooth ; hymenium equal ; granules hemispherical, equal, crowded. On fallen branches. Common, 32. ODONTIA, Fr. Subiculum formed of interwoven fibres, clotlicd with papil- lose or spine -shaped warts, which are crested at the apex. 1 . O. fimbriata, Fr. ; effused, membranaceous, separating AURICULAIUNI. 265 from the matrix, traversed by rhizomorplioid threads ; circum- ference fibrilloso-firabriatc; warts minute, granular; apex mul- tifid, reddish. On fallen branches. Not uncommon. Frequently tinged with lilac. Very pretty. 33. KNEIFPIA, Fr. Soft, loosely fleshy, flocculose and collapsing when dry, hymenium rough with rigid, scattered, and fasciculate bristles. 1. K. setigera, Fr. On fallen branches. Not common. Wraxall, Somerset- shire, C. E. B. White, somewhat resembling Grandi/iia gra- nulosa in general appearance. Order 4. AUBICTILABINL Hymenium confluent with the hymeuophorum, at first even or rarely veined, and commonly remaining even.'^ 31. CBATERELLUS, Fr. Fleshy. Hymenium unchangeable, carnoso-membranaeeous, distinct, smooth, even, or at length rugose. Putrescent when old. 1. C. lutescens, Fr. ; pileus sul:)mcmbranaceous, tubecform, soon pervious, brown, flocculose ; stem hollow, yellow ; hymc- * In some AuncuJnrinl there arc spurious papillae which arc wholly acci- dental, and not essential, like the granules of Grandinia. Craterellits is confluent with Cantharellus, and Thelephora with O'randinla, but the veins of the one and the papillse of the other are less determinate. The folds in Aurk-idaria are still less essential, and depend upon the nature of the texture. Natural, how- ever, as the whole group is, it is difllcult to define it in words. 2G6 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGY. niimi remotely costate, even, then rough with interwoven veins.— J5o//. /. 105./. 2. In woods. Very rare. Edinburgh, Dr. Greville. 2. C. cornucopioides, Fr. ; pileus submerabranaceous, trumpet-shaped, pervious, minutely squamulose, dingy -black; stem hollow, black, even, then obscurely wrinkled, cinereous. (Plate 19, fig. Q.)—Huss. ii. /. 37. In woods, on the ground. Local. 3. C. sinuosvis, Fr. ; pileus slightly fleshy, funnel-shaped, undulated, flocculoso-villous, brownish-grey ; stem stuffed, pallid-cinereous, as well as the hymenium, which is at length implexo-rugose, — Vaill. Par. t. 11. /. 11-13. In woods. Scotland, Mrs. Wynne. 4. C. crispus, Fr. ; pileus crisped, dingy, somewhat tawny ; stem stuffed below ; hymenium nearly even. — Sow. t. 75 ; Huss. ii. /. 18. In woods. Not uncommon. Hymenium sometimes white, sometimes dingy. 35. THELEPHORA, Fr. Pileus destitute of cuticle, consisting of interwoven fibres. Hymenium costato-striate or papillose, of a tough, fleshy consistence, at length rigid, and finally collapsing and floc- culent. * Not resiqnnate. 1. T. Sowerbeii, 7i6'/-^.; coriaceous, somewhat fimnel-shapcd, reddish-brown, zoned ; margin subplicatc, dirty flesh-coloured beneath, smooth ; substance of the same colour as the pileus. — Soio. t. 155. On the ground, in woods. Rare. Cottcrstock, Northamp- tonshire. In Sowerby's original specimens there is not the least trace of hairs on the hymenium : they cannot, therefore. AUr.ICULARINT. 267 he the same with the plant of Fries and Persoon. The same speeies occurs in Australia. 2. T. tuberosa, Grev. ; subcoriaceous, smooth, pallid, be- coming rufous; pilcus cut down to the bulbous stem into compressed branches, disposed so as to assume the form of funnels; hymenium inferior, smooth. — Gi'ev. t. 178. On the ground. Extremely rare. Edinburgh, Dr. Greville. 3. T. anthocephala, Fr. ; soft, but coriaceous, subferru- ginous ; pileus cut down, as far as the simple, equal, villous stem, into suberect lacinia3, which are dilated and fimbriate above; hymenium inferior, even. (Plate 17, fig. 4.) — Sow. t. 156. On the ground, in woods. Not uncommon. Scentless. Very variable as to the form of the bleached lacinise. Some- times regular, as in BuUiard's fig. t. 452. f. 1, sometimes irregular, as in the figures quoted above. 4. T. caryophyllsea, Fr. ; subcoriaceous, brown, purple ; pileus depressed, fibrous, torn ; margin sometimes incised, sometimes cut into linear divisions ; hymenium nearly even, smooth. On the ground, in woods. Rare. Bungay, Mr. Stock, abundantly. Sometimes regularly infundibuliform. 5. T. palmata, Fr. ; soft, but coriaceous, erect, very much branched, pubescent, brown-purple ; base simple, stem-shaped ; branches flat, even, dilated above, palmate, somewhat fasti- giate; tips fimbriate, whitisli. — Grev. i. 46. On the ground. Not common. Very fetid. 6. T. terrestris, Fr. ; cajspitose, soft, brown, at length blackish; pilcoli imliricate, flattened, fibroso-strigose, zone- less, elongated into a somewhat lateral stem ; hymenium in- ferior, radiato-rugose. — Nees, f. 251. On the ground. Not common. T. laciniata is often con- founded with this. 2G8 orrLiXKS of British fungology, 7. T. cristata, Fr. ; incrusting, rather tough, pallid, tufted, passing into branches or ascending tufted lacinise; subulate and fimbriate at the apex; hymenium papillose on even patches or the sides of the branches. — Sow. t. 158. On mosses, etc. Not uncommon. 8. T. fastidiosa, Fr. ; very fetid, effused, soft, shapeless, ■svhite, passing into plate-like branches ; hymenium inferior, at length rufous, papillose. On the ground. Not common. Bristol, Dr. Stephens, etc. Smell disgusting. Looks at first sight like some Mycelium. 9. T. mollissima, P. ; soft, fleshy, incrusting ; pilei eff'uso- reflexed, laciniate, subtomcntose, dirty-white; hymenium in- ferior, even, broAvn-purplc. (Plate 17, fig. 5.) On the ground, in woods. Not uncommon. Extremely variable. Sometimes quite efl'used, sometimes assuming the form of T. pahnata. The form in the figured specimen arises partly from incrusting the old stumps of large grasses. 10. T. laciniata, P.; soft, coriaceous, incrusting, ferruginous- brown ; pilei somewhat imbricated, effiiso-reflexed, fibroso- squamose; margin fibrous, fimbriated, at first dirty-white; hymenium inferior, papillose, flocculose. — Sow. t. 2 13. On branches, heathy ground, etc. Common. Sometimes quite resupinate, sometimes almost dimidiate, but effused behind. 11. T. biennis, Fr. ; coriaceous, soft, broadly incrusting, cinereous-brown ; pilei at length reflexed, but narrow, tomen- tose ; circumference fimbriated ; hymenium subresupinate, smooth, svibsetulosc, plicate at the base. — Bull. t. 436. On the ground, incrusting stones, stumps, etc. Very rare. Kew Gardens. Bowood, Wiltshire, C E. B. ** liesiqnnate. 12. T. csesia, P. ; effused, determinate, soft, glaucous-ash- coloured ; hymenium nearly even. AUIIICULAHINI. 269 On tl)C ground, in woods. Not uncommon. Bristol. Northamptonshire. The hymenium, with its quaternate spores, is a pretty, opaque object under the microscope. 13. T. byssoides, P. ; irregularly effused, at first byssoid, ochraceous-white, then compact and fleshy, pulverulent, fer- ruginous-yellow ; eircumfereuce byssoid, nearly white. On the ground, especially amongst fir-lcavcs, making patches a foot broad. Not uncommon. The ferruginous spores at once separate this from every form of T. mollissima. 14. T. puteana, Schum.; roundish and effused, fleshy, rather thick, brittle, yellowish, then tawny-olive, at last brownish- olive, dusted with the spores; circumference muccdinous, white; hymenium somewhat undulated. On stumps, wood in cellars, etc. Not uncommon. Some- times dripping with moisture. Occasionally large, globular, solid or hollow lumps, are formed upon the hymenium, giving the plant a very singular appearance. 15. T. laxa, Fr. ; membranaceous, soft, loosely adherent, arachnoid beneath, white as well as the byssoid circumference ; hymenium papillose, pallid, then ferruginous-olive, dusted with the ferruginous spores. On lichens, moss, etc. Rare. King's Cliffc. Oswestry, Rev. T. Sahvey. 1 6. T. arida, Fr. ; membranaceous, soft, arachnoid beneath, and white as well as the byssoid circumference; hymenium papillose, pallid, then ferruginous-olive. On decayed pine-wood, in cellars and woods. Common. Not so thick as T. puteana. 17. T. olivacea, Fi\; membranaceous, effused, adnate; cir- cumference white, fimbriated ; hymenium dull-olive, sctuloso- tomentose. On pine-wood, Northamptonshire, etc. Probably common. I have authentic specimens of this species from Fries. 270 OUTLINES or BRITISH rUXGOLOGV. 18. T. anthoehroa, 7*. ; cflused, subadnate; circumference byssoid, paler ; hymcnium even, brownish-rose, at length pal- lid, floccose and velvety. A^ar. versicolor. On sycamore twigs. Rare. Wothorpc. jNIy plant, when dry, resembles authentic specimens from Fries, but when fresh is variously tinted with fugitive shades of lilac and brown. 36. STEREUM, Fr. Ilymenium coriaceous, rather thick, concrete with the in- termediate stratum of the pileus, which has a cuticle, always even and veinless, unchangeable, not beset with bristles. 1. S. purpureum, Fr.; soft, but coriaceous; pileus effuso- reflexed, obsoletely zoned, villoso-tomentose, pallid or dirty- white; hymenium naked, even, smooth, purplish or lilac. — Sow. t. 388. /. 1 ; Huss. i. /. 20. On trunks of fallen trees, especially poplars. Extremely common, and often very beautiful. Auricularia elegans, Sow\ t. 412. f. 1, is merely a state of this. 2. S. hirsutum, Fr. ; coriaceous ; pileus effused and reflexcd, strigoso-hirsute, somewhat zoned, turning pallid ; margin rather obtuse, yellow ; hymenium even, smooth, naked, juice- less, bright tawny-yellow, unchanged when bruised. (Plate 17, fig. 7.) — Huss. i. t. 58. On stumps of trees, etc. Everywhere. Found also in sub- tropical countries. 3. S. spadiceum, Fr. ; coriaceous ; pilei cffuso-reflexed, vil- lous, subfcrruginous ; margin rather obtuse, white, even be- neath, smooth, brownish, when fresh bleeding if bruised. — Sow. t. 28. On sticks, especially oak. Common. Often very pretty; variable in colour, but easily distinguished from every species AURICULAUINI. 271 except S. rugosum and the following, wliich is confined to Conifers, by its turning red when scratched or bruised. 4. S. sanguinolentum, Fr. ; thin, coriaceous ; pileus effused and reflexed, silky, somewhat striate, pallid; margin acute, white; hyraenium even, smooth, cinereous-brown, bleeding when wounded. — Grev. t. 225. On wood of Conifers. Very common. Colour far less bright than that of the last. A. hepatica, Sow. t. 388. f. 2, is merely a washed state of one of the foregoing species, pro- bably S. purpuTeum. 5. S. rugosum, Fr. ; corky, rigid ; pileus effused and shortly reflexed, obtusely margined, at length smooth, bright brown ; hymenium dull, pruinose, bloodstained when wounded. On stumps, especially hazel. Extremely common. Some- times surviving one or more seasons, and then thick and zoned within. T. Laurocerasi, Berk, in Eng. Fl., is, I believe, a thin, resupiuatc form of this species. A. cinerea, Sow. t. 388, f. 3, is, I think, merely Corticium quercinum. 6. S. acerinum, Fr.; erustaceo-adnate, even, smooth, white. On trunks of living maples. Very common. 37. HYMENOCH^TE, Lev. Coriaceous, dry. Hymenium even, beset with short, stiff, coloured bristles. 1. H. rubiginosa, Lev.; coriaceous, rigid; pileus effuso- reflexed, somewhat fasciate, velvety, rust-coloured, then smooth, bright brown; intermediate stratum tawny-ferruginous ; hyme- nium ferruginous. — Sow. t. 26. On gate-posts, etc. Very common. 2. H. tabacina, Lev.; coriaceous, then flaccid ; pileus effused, reflexed, silky, at length smooth, subferrugiuous ; margin and intermediate filamentous stratum golden-yellow ; hymenium paler. ZJU, OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGY. On fallen branches. Hare. Gracedieu, Leicestershire, etc. Sow. t. 2~), belongs to Stereum spadiceum. 3. H. corrugata, B. ; effused, closely adnatc, indeterminate, cinnamon, cracked when dry. — Grev. t. 234. On sticks, in -woods. Very common. Varying in colour, ferruginous, copper-coloured, etc. It certainly ought not to be placed in a distinct genns from the two preceding, of one of which it is possibly only a resupinate condition. 38. AURICULARIA, Fr. Hymenium irregularly and distantly folded, gelatinous when wet, different in substance from the pileus. 1 . A. mesenterica, Bull. ; pilei resupinate, thin, reflexed, entire, villous, zoned, and fasciate, brownish-cinereous ; hyme- nium costato-plicate, brownish-violet. — Soio. t. 290 ; Huss. ii. t. G. On stems of trees, etc. Not uncommon. In dry weather very thin, but reviving with wet. 2. A. lobata, Somm. ; pileus effuso-reflexed, variegated with strigoso-tomentose, velvety and smooth zones, tawny, inclining to dirty-white ; hymenium livid-tawny ; folds distant, forming a loose network. (Plate 18, fig. 1.) On bark of trees. Not common. Staunton, Nottingham- shire. Very nearly allied to the last. 39. CORTICIUM, Fr. Hymenium soft and fleshy, swollen when moist, collapsing and becoming even when dry, often rimosc. * Circumference hyssoid, Jihrillose, etc. 1. C. giganteum, Fr. ; widely effused, when moist swelling, waxy, hyaline, white, when dry thin, but cartilaginous, free, milk-white; circumference strigoso-radiate ; hymenium even. AURICULAHINI. 273 On pine-stems^ and from tlience running over twigs, etc. Common. Sow. t. 319, is Merulius corium. Bolt. t. 166, f. d, is probably Stereuin rvyosum. 2. C. lacteum, Fr. ; effused, membranaceous, milk-white beneath, with the circumference loosely fibrillose ; hymcniuni, when perfect, waxy, darker, rimoso-partite when dry. On trunks of trees, etc. Not uncommoj;!. The mycelium sometimes forms white strings, which run about like those of Clavariu strida, Ayaricus platyphyllus, etc. 3. C. arachnoideum, B. ; eflused, delicately byssoid, as is the circumference ; hymenium white, very thin, patchy. In woods. Not uncommon, running over lichens, etc. The mycelium is as delicate as a spider's web. 4. C. Iseve, F/'.; effused, membranaceous, separating, villoso- fibrillose beneath; circumference byssoid, not radiating; hy- menium even, smooth, pinkish, and livid. On decaying wood, sticks, etc. This is the commonest of all the species, and assumes a variety of forms. Sometimes it remains closely attached, sometimes the margin is broadly reflexed. The hymenium also varies in colour, being some- times pure white. The circumference is occasionally almost naked. 5. C. roseum, P.; effused, adnate, rose-coloured ; circum- ference fringed, whitish ; hymenium pruinose, becoming pale, at length much cracked and rugose, hardened. On poplar. Not common. 6. C. velutinum, Fr. ; effused, adnate, Avhite, slightly tinged with pink ; circumference ornamented with straight, strigose, diverging fibres, of the same colour; hymenium soft and fleshy, thick, even, velvety, with dense hyaline bristles. On logs. Not uncommon. Very beautiful and distinct. 7. C. sanguinevun, Fr. ; bright scarlet, broadly efi'used, of 27-i OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGV. a soft cottony substance, at first thin, mcmljranaceous, then thicker ; circumference fibrillose. On dead larch, etc. Rare. Abundant in Sherwood Forest. This is C miniatum, Berk , whose differences vanish on tlie discovery of abundant specimens. Sow. t. 291 is P/debia radiata. 8. C. STilfureum, Fr. ; effused, fibrilloso-byssoid, bright sulphur-coloured ; hymcnium when perfect thick, waxy, some- what tawny, rimose when dry. On fallen sticks, etc. Not uncommon, but seldom perfect. 9. C. cseruleum, i'V. ; roundish, then effused, adnate, at first bright blue ; circumference byssoid, of the same colour, whitish ; hymeniura soft, waxy, papillose, at length smooth. —Huss. i. /. 20. Ou rails, dead w ood, etc. Extremely common. Said to be luminous in the dark. 10. C. atro-virens, Fr. ; irregularly effused, black-green, of the same colour beneath, downy, as well as the circumference. On sticks, in woods. Not common. Like Fries, I have never found a perfect hymenium. 11. C. lactescens, B.; agglutinate, soft, waxy, undulated, flesh-coloured, milky ; margin shortly byssoid, at length cracked ; interstices silky. On decayed Avood of willows, etc. Not uncommon. Smell like that of Ladurius quietus. ]\Iilk white, watery. Hyme- nium flesh-coloured or pale salmon-coloured. ** Circumference not distinctly byssoid, etc. ; or if so, only at the very first. 12. C. calceum, Fr. ; effused, agglutinate, waxy, quite smooth, white ; circumference like the rest of the plant ; hy- menium even, smooth, cracked when dry. AURTCULAUI\I. 275 On pine-wood. Common. Varying in colonr from Avhitc and tan-coloured to dingy. One or two Corticia not easily defined occur on oak-branches, etc., resembling this and C. Sambuci. They require further study before proposing them as species. Tlielephora cretacea, P., and T. dryina, P., belong to these in- determinate species, and are both found in this country ; the former on deal in hothouses, the latter on oak-branches. 18. C. lividum, P.; effused, agglutinate, waxy, soft, smooth, changing colour ; circumference like the rest of the plant ; hymenium naked, even, somewhat viscid, cracked when dry. On wood. Not common. Appin, Capt- Carmichuel . 14. C. ochraceum, Fr. ; eflused, agglutinate, soft, waxy, at length smooth ; circumference white, somewhat radiating, evanescent; hymenium pallid, then ochraccous, pruinosc, at length naked, tuberculated or papillose. On pine-wood, etc. Not common. 15. C. quercinum, P. ; membranaceous, waxy, at first ag- glutinate, indeterminate, then fixed in the centre, with the border free and involute, rigid, smooth and black below ; hy- menium tinged with pink. — Grev. t. 182. On oak-branches. Extremely common. 16. C. cinereum, Fr. ; waxy, at length rigid, confluent, agglutinate, lurid ; hymenium cinereous from a very delicate bloom. On dead wood, sticks, etc. Extremely common, and very variable. Frequently very thick on ash-twigs. 17. C. incarnatum, Fr. ; waxy, at length rigid, confluent, agglutinate ; circumference radiating ; hymenium bright red or orange, sprinkled with a delicate flesh-coloured bloom. On timber, rails, etc. Very common. Sometimes without any radiating circumference. Varying much in the depth of the tint. 276 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGY. 18. C. nudum, Fr. ; waxy, at length rigid, agglutinate, flcsh-eoloured, then pallid; circumference determinate, smooth; hymenium sprinkled with fugacious, dirty- white meal. On twigs, in woods. Not uncommon. 19. C. confluens, Fr.; waxy, membranaceous, agglutinate ; circumference radiating; hymenium naked, hyaline, then brightly coloured, somewhat shining. On twigs of ash, etc. Not uncommon. Wothorpe, North- amptonshire, with the last. Often slight papillose. 20. C. polygonium, P. ; determinate, adnate, grumoso- cartilaginons, hard, flesh-coloured ; circumference of the same colour ; hymenium continuous, red, coated with meal. On poplar-branches, growing in little, round, detached patches, from the ostiola of Spharia. Not uncommon. 21. C. comedens, Fr.; eff'used, exposed by the splitting of the cuticle of the matrix, thin, innate, flesh-coloured, at length pallid ; hymenium even, smooth. On branches of various trees. Extremely common. Hy- menium variable in colour, sometimes white. 22. C. Sambuci, P. ; eff'used, subinnatc, variously incrust- ing, white, continuous when growing, cracked or collapsing when dry. — Grev. t. 242. On elder-stumps. Extremely common. Very difficult to separate from C. calceum by a strict definition. 23. C. Atirora, B. and Br. ; very thin, eff'used, aggluti- nate, rose-coloured, turning pallid ; circumference indetermi- nate. On dead leaves of Carices. Bathcaston. Resembles Athelia Typhce and A. epiphylla, P. The latter is, 1 believe, only a state of C. arachnoideum, and has been found by Mr. Leighton at Shrewsbury. AURICULARINI. 277 40, CYPHELLA, Fr. Submembranaceous, cup-sliaped, elongated behind and fre- quently pendulous. Hymeniuin distinctly inferior, completely confluent Avitli the pileus. 1. C. griseo-pallida, Fr. ; subraembranaceous, globose, then campanulate, sessile, pallid-grey, floccose externally ; hyme- nium even, smooth. On dead Carex paniculata. Spye Park, Wiltshire, C. E. B. 2. C. muscigena, Fr. ; membranaceous, soft, nearly sessile, dimidiate, flattened, white, externally minutely silky ; hyme- nium rugulose. — Myc. Eur. t. 7. f. 6. On mosses. Not common. Hanham, near Bristol, C. E. B. Looks at first sight like a little CanthareUus. 3. C. galeata, Fr. ; membranaceous, soft, nearly sessile, cup-shaped, then dimidiate, helmet-shaped, even, dirty-white; margin quite entire; hymenium at length somewhat rufous, rugulose. On mosses. Not uncommon. Differs from the last in its dingy hue and bullate pileus. 4. C. ochroleuca, B. and Br.; membranaceous, cup-shaped, villous and ochroleucous above ; margin at length split ; hy- menium even, pale ochre, brighter than the pileus. On decayed bramble-twigs. Batheaston, C. E. B. 5. C. museicola, Fr. ; membranaceous, nearly sessile, per- sistently cup-shaped, cinereous, dirty-wdiite, turning pale, fi- brilloso-striate externally ; margin slightly downy, uneven, torn ; hymenium even. On mosses. Apethorpe, Northamptonshire, etc. 6. C. lacera, Fr.; membranaceous, cup-shaped, pendulous, then multifid; vertex stretched out, stem-shaped; striate above 27o OUTLINES OF BUITISH FUXOOLOOY. with little black hairs ; liymcninm slightly wrinkled, dirty- white. — Alb. and Schio. t. 1. /. 5. On dead stalks, twigs, etc. Not common. Apethorpe, Northamptonshire. 7. C. capula, Fr. ; membranaceous, obliquely campauulate, stretched out into a curved stem, smooth, dirty-white ; margin sinuated, irregular; hymenium even. — Holinsk. ii. t. 2.2. On dead stems of herbaceous plants. Not uncommon. Looks like a Pcziza. Sometimes yellow. 8. C. Goldbachii, Fr. ; membranaceous, cup-shaped, ur- ceolato-concave, sessile, externally white, villous ; hymenium even, pallid. On dead leaves of Aira ccespitosa. Spye Park, Wiltshire, C. E. B. 9. C. cuticulosa, Fr. ; membranaceous, white, diaphanous, at first oblong, then cup-shaped, elongated into a stem, smooth externally. — Dicks, iii. t. 9. /. 11. On dried grass-stems. Not found since the time of Dickson. Ordee 5. CLAVABIEI. Hymenium scarcely distinct from the hymenophorum, ver- tical, amphigenous, reaching to the very apex, even, or at length wrinkled. Never incrusting or coriaceous. 41. CLAVARIA, L. Fleshy, branched or simple without any stem of a distinct substance ; hymenium dry. 1. Branelied. * White-spored. 1. C. Botrytis, P.; brittle; trunk thick, fleshy, unequal. CLAVARIEI. 279 very much branched ; branches swollen, unequal, rather wrin- kled; tips red. — Kronib. t. 53. /. 1, 4. In woods. Very rare. Inverary, Lady Orde. Bowood, C. E. B. 2. C. amethystina, Bull. ; brittle, very much branched, violet; branches round, even, obtuse. (Plate 18, fig. 2 : small \ariety.)— Bull. t. 49G. /. 2. In mossy places. Hare. Bristol, H. 0. Stephens. Coed Coch. Most variable in size. Sometimes 3 inches or more high, and very much branched ; sometimes a few lines, and nearly simple. 3. C. fastigiata, D.C ; tough, csespitose, yellow, slender- stemmed, very much branched ; branches short, divaricate ; branchlets fastigiate. — Hobnsk. i. p. 90, witJt a fiyure. In pastures. Extremely common. 4. C. muscoides, L. ; rather tough, graceful, yellow, slen- der-stenmied, twice or thrice forked ; ramuli lunate, acute. — Holmsk. i. p. 87, ivith a figure. In pastures. Not so common as the last. 5. C. coralloides, h. ; rather brittle, white, hollow w ithin ; stem rather thick, repeatedly and irregularly branched; branch- lets unequal, dilated above, very numerous, crowded, acute. — Sow. t. 278. In woods. Not common. Kent, Mrs. Hussey. 6. C. umbrina, iJ. ; pale-umber, slightly branched; branches and branchlets cylindrical, obtuse, forked. (Plate 18, fig. 4.) On mossy lawns. Coed Coch. I find nothing at all agree- ing with this. The habit is that of C. fastigiata. It has not, however, the slightest tinge of yellow. 7. C. cinerea, Bull. ; brittle, stuflcd, at length cinereous, very much branched ; stalk short, thick ; branches and branch- lets thickened, irregular, somewhat wrinkled, obtuse. — Grev. t. 64. 280 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGY. In woods. Common in some districts. 8. C. cristata, Hnlnisk. ; tough, even, stuffed, white or dingy; branches dilated above, acutely incised, crested. — Grev. t. 190. In woods. Not uncommon. 9. C. rugosa, Bull.; tough, simple or branched, thickened above, wrinkled, white or dingy; branches few, irregular, ob- tuse. (Plate 18, fig. Z.)—Grev. t. 328. In woods. Common. The dingy form requires to be care- fully distinguished from C. chierea. 10. C. Kunzei, Fr. ; rather brittle, very much branched from the slender tufted base, white ; branches elongated, crowded, repeatedly forked, somewhat fastigiate, even, equal ; axils compressed. — Bull. t. 358. /. 1 C. In woods. Very rare. Sherwood Forest. ** Spores yellowish or coloured. 11. C. aurea, Schcbff. ; trunk thick, elastic, pallid, divided into numerous stout, straight, dichotomous, round, obtuse, rather toothed, yellow branches. — Schaff. t. 287. In woods. Rare. Bristol, Dr. Stephens. 12. C. abietina, Schum. ; very much branched, ochraceous ; trunk rather thick, clothed with white down; branches straight, crowded when dry, longitudinally wrinkled; branchlets straight. —Grev. t.U7. In fir-woods. Common. Sometimes turning green when bruised. 13. C. flaccida, Fr. ; slender, very much branched, flaccid, ochraceous ; trunk slender, smooth ; branchlets crowded, un- equal, converging, acute. Amongst moss, in woods. Not common, King's Cliffe. 14. C. croeea, P.; minute, slender, saffron-yellow ; trunk CLAVARIEI. 281 naked, pale ; l)raiiclics crowded, somewhat forked, as well as the similar branchlets, — Pers. Ic. et Descr. t. 11. /. G. On the ground. Very rare. Wraxall, Somersetshire, C. E. B. 15. C. grisea, P.; firm; trunk thiek, dirty-white; branches attenuated, rather wrinkled, ol)tuse, dingy-einereous, as well as the unequal, obtuse branchlets. — Kromb. t. 53. /. 9, 10. Tn woods. Rare. Appin, Capt. Carmichael. Known by its brownish spores, 16. C. stricta, P. ; very much branched, pallid, brown when bruised ; trunk rather thick ; branches and branchlets straight, even, ad pressed, acute. (Plate 18, fig. 5.) — Soiv. t. 157. In gardens, springing from rotten woods. Rare. Kew, etc. Mycelium forming long creeping strings. 17. C. erispula, Fr. ; very much branched, tan-coloured, then ochraceous ; trunk slender, villous, sending out roots ; branches flexuous, multifid ; branchlets of the same colour, di- varicate.— 5m//. /. 358. /. 1 a, b. At the base of trees. Rare. Woodnewton, in great quan- tities, in a hollow ash. 2. Simjjle. * Clubs more or less connate at the base. 18. C. purpurea, Mull. ; tufted, purple; clubs elongated, hollow, then compressed, simple, acute. — Fl. Dan. t. SS7.f. 2. Amongst grass, in pastures. Tansor, Northamptonshire. Coed Coch. Of a dingy purple. 19. C. rosea, Fr. ; subfasciculate, brittle, rose-coloured ; clubs stuffed, at length yelloAvish at the apex. In pastures. Rare. Leicestershire, Rev. C. Babinyton. 20. C. fusiformis, Sow. ; csespitoso-connate, rather firm, yellow, soon hollow ; clubs somewhat fusiform, simple and 282 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUXOOLOGY. toothed, even, attenuated into a base of the same eolour. — Sow. t. 234. Common in woods. 21. C. ceranoides, P. ; fascicuhite, unequal, slightly di- vided above, yellow ; apex brown. — P. Syn. p. 594 ; Soiv. i. 235. In woods. Not eommon. Bagley Wood, Oxfordshire, Rev. T. Hugo, Nov. 1841. Distinct, I think, from the last. 22. C. insequalis, Mull. ; gregarious, subfascieulate, brittle, stuffed, yellow ; clubs various, simple or forked, of the same colour below, continuous. — Fl. Dan. 836. /. 1 ; Soiv. t. 253, lowe)' figures ; Huss. i. t. 18. In woods, amongst grass. Common. A very variable plant. Grev. t. 37 is smaller, scarcely fasciculate, and much brighter in colour. C. helvola, P., on the contrary, is of a dirty-yellow, with the tips cinnamon. 23. C. argillacea, Fr. ; fasciculate, brittle, pallid clay- colour ; clu]:)s siinple, variable ; stem yellow, shining. In heathy ground. Not uncommon. There is a variety with a white stem. The plant, moreover, is either dilated or cylindrical. The stem in this species is more distinct from the pileus than is consistent with the generic character. 24. C. tenuipes, B. and Br.; small, gregarious; club in- flated, wrinkled, pallid clay-colour; stem slender, flexuous, somewhat distinct from the club. — Ann. of Nat. Hist. ser. 2. vol. ii. t. 9. /. 2. On bare heathy ground. Sherwood Forest. About half an inch high, rarely confluent with tlic stem. 25. C. vermiculata, Scop. ; cicspitosc, brittle, white; clubs stuffed, simple, cylindrical, subulate. On lawns, and in short past\ires. Extremely common. Looks like a little bundle of candles. CLAVARIEl. 283 26. C. fragilis, Holinsk. ; fasciculate or gregarious ; very brittle; club hollow, obtuse^ variable, attenuated and white below. — Holmsk. i, p. 7, with a figure ; Sow. t. 90, 232. In meadows, gardens, etc. Not so common as the last. Sowcrby's plant, t. 90, is inflated ; t. 232 is slender and more cylindrical, while Bolt. t. Ill represents a subulate form. Occasionally the plant is yellow, but always rcmarkal)le for its extreme brittleness. ** Cliohs distinct at the base. 27. C. pistillaris, L. ; large, simple, fleshy, stuffed, every- where smooth, obovato-clavate, obtuse, at length rufous. — Huss. i. t. G2. In woods. Not common. Kent, Mrs. Hussey. King's Clifle, etc. At first white or yellowish, 28. C. contorta, Fr. ; simple, bursting through the bark, stuffed, between spongy and fleshy, somewhat twisted, wrin- kled, obtuse, pruinose, watery-yellow or dirty-white. On fallen branches. Rare. Graeedieu, etc. The eruni- pent habit easily distinguishes this curious species. 29. C. Ardenia, Sow. ; simple, very long, inerassated up- wards, hollow; apex obtuse and excavated, ferruginous, then bright brown, tomentose at the base, rootless. — Sow. t. 215. On fallen branches. Very rare. Principally in the southern counties. 30. C. juneea, Fr. ; gregarious, slender, filiform, flaccid, nearly equal, fistulose, acute, pallid, then reddish-brown, creeping at the base and fibrillose. — Bull. t. 463. /. H. Amongst leaves, in woods. Sometimes very abundant. 31. C. acuta, Soiv. ; quite simple, straight, white; club distinct, acuminate, pruinose ; stem cylindrical, equal. On soil, in garden-pots. Not common. Sometimes rather obtuse. 284- orxLixEs of British funoology. 32. C. uncialis, Grev.; quite simple, tougli, straight, stuffed, obtuse, smooth, continuous below, attenuated. — Grev. t. 98. On moist dead stems of UmbeUifera. Not uncommon. 42. CALOCEBA, Fr. Gelatinous, subcartilaginous when moist, horny when dry. Hymenium viscid. 1 . C. viscosa, Fr. ; branched, tough, rooting, even, linear, golden-yellow ; branches straight, repeatedly dichotomous. — Schceff. t. 174. On stumps, in fir-woods. Not uncommon. A beautiful species. 2. C. tuberosa, Fr. ; crespitose, simple, tough, even, linear, yellowish, tuberous and rooting at the base. — Sow. t. 199. On stumps. Not found since the time of Sowerby. 3. C. cornea, Fr. ; csespitose, rooting, even, viscid, orange ; clubs short, subulate, connate at the base. On stumps of trees, especially oak. Common. 4. C. glossoides, Fr. ; simple, solitary, subtremelloid, yel- low ; club incrassated, obtuse, compressed ; stem round. On decayed oak-stumps. Very rare. Leigh Wood, Bristol. 43. TYPHULA, Fr. Stem filiform, flaccid. Club cylindrical, perfectly distinct. Hymenium thin, waxy. 1. T. erythropus, Fr. ; simple; club cylindrical, smooth, white ; stem nearly straight, dark-red, inclining to black. — Grev. t. 43. On dead stems of herbaceous plants, etc. Very common. Always attached to a Sclerotium. 2. T. phacorrhiza, Fr. ; simple ; club cylindrical, smooth, pallid ; stem flexuous, smooth, brownish. — Soiv. t. 233. CLAVARIEI. 285 On dead herbaceous plants, leaves, etc. Attached to Scle- rotiiim complanatum and S. scuteJIatum. 3. T. inoarnata, Fr. ; simple ; club cylindrical, elongated, smooth, flesh-coloured, attenuated into the simple, subpilose, continuous stem. — Grev. t. 93. On dead herbaceous plants, etc. Not common. 4. T. muscicola, Fr.; simple, subfiliform, smooth, slightly incrassated upwards, white; stem confluent or obsolete. — Pers. Obs. ii. t. 3. /. 2. On the larger mosses. Not common. Perhaps more pro- perly a Pistillaria. Sometimes not a line high. 5. T. Grevillei, Fr. ; simple, white; club incrassated, ob- tuse ; stem capillary, pilose. — Grev. t. 49. On dead leaves, etc. Not uncommon. 6. T. flliformis, Fr. ; club incrassated, dirty-white ; stem decumbent, somewhat branched, bright brown. — Soiv. t. 387. Amongst dead leaves. I am not acquainted with this species. 7. T. gracilis, Berk, and Desm. ; club simple or forked, pallid, acute; stem short, distinct. On putrid leaves. Not common. Head rough with spores and little prominent bristles. Very near to Isaria. 44. PISTILLARIA, Fr. Club-shaped, waxy, then horny. Structure cellular. 1. P. micans, i^r. ; obovate, obtuse, rose-coloured; stem short, attenuated, whitish. — Hoffm. Germ. t. 7.f. 2. On dead thistles. Rare. Cambridge, etc. 2. P. culmigena, Mont, and Fr. ; ovato-clavate, obtuse, hy- aline, pellucid ; stem distinct, very short. — Mont, in Ann. des Sc. Nat. ser. 2. vol. v. t. 12. /. 2. 286 OUTLIXES OF BRITISH FUNCJOLOGV. On stalks of grass. Not uncommon. Fothcringay, Decnc, etc., Northamptonshire. 3. P. qiiisquiliaris, Fr. ; incrassated above, somewhat com- pressed, dirty-^vhite, soft when growing, attenuated at the base, substipitate. — Sow. t. 334'. /. 1. On fern-stems. Common. Often attached to a Sclerotium. 4. P. puberxila, Berk. ; obovate, ventricose, white ; stem short, distinct, pelhicid, tomentose. — Soiu. t. 334. /. 2. P. ovata, Fr. On dead Pteris aquilina. Rare. King's ClifiFc. The stem in this is composed of fibres ; therefore I fear that Fries's character will hardly stand. 5. P. pusilla, Fr.; small, smooth, even, linear, white; stem not distinct at the base. — Pers. Couiin. t. 3. /. 6. On Equisetum. Weymouth. Order 6. TREMELLIXI. Whole plant gelatinous, with the exception occasionally of the nucleus. Sporophores large, simple or divided. Spicules elongated into thVeads. 45. TREMELLA, Fr. Gelatinous, tremulous, imraarginate. Hymeuium not pa- pillate, surrounding the whole of the Fungus. 1. T. flmbriata, P.; cffispitose, erect, corrugated, olive- black; lobes flaccid, incised, undulato-fimbriate. — Bull. t. 272. On dead branches. Very rare. Sowerby's herbarium. 2. T. frondosa, Fr. ; csespitose, very large, even, pallid, pli- cate at the base ; lobes waved and sinuated. — Bull. t. 499 T. TllBMELLINI. 287 At the base of living trees. Very rare. On oak, Wothorpc, Northamptonshire. A very curious and distinct species. Colour a peculiar pale pinkish-yellow. 3. T. foliacea, P. ; crcspitose, flaccid, even, diaphanous, undulated, cinnamon, inclining to flesh-coloured, plicate at the h?i%c.— Bull. t. 406./. A. On old stumps. Not uncommon. Varying much in colour, sometimes deep red-hrown {T. ferruyinea, E. B. t. 1452), sometimes violet. All the three forms occur occasionally in this country. 4. T. lutescens, Fr. ; cpcspitose, tremulous, undulato- gyrose, white, at length yellow ; lobes crowded, entire. — Bull, t. 406 C, D. On old stumps. Not uncommon. 5. T. mesenterica, /{('Z^"; ascending, rather tough, plicato- undulate, smooth, bright orange. — En//. Bot. t. 709 ; Huss. i. t. 27. On sticks in woods, hedges, etc. Extremely common. 6. T. vesicaria, Bull. ; firm, bladdery, much waved and wrinkled, erect, pallid, very viscid within. — Eng.Bot. /. 2451. On the ground. Very rare. I have seen no British speci- mens, but in some from the United States I find the structure of a Tremella. It is certainly no Alga, as stated by Fries. 7. T. moriformis, B. ; conglobated, sinuated, mulberry- black, opaque, firm. — Eny. Bot. 2446. On elm-branches. Rare. Batheaston, C. E. B. This beautiful species is, I think, a true Tremella, approaching, however, to Namatelia. The sporophores do not at all re- semble those of Dacrymyces. 8. T. albida, Huds. ; efiused, adpressed, even or gyroso- plicate, pruinose, dirty-white, at length brownish. — Eng. Bot. t. 2117. On dead branches. Common. _ 288 OUTLI.VES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGY. 9. T. intumescens, Sni. ; subc?espitosc, rounded or conglo- merate, soft, brown, when dry nearly black, obsoletely dotted, lobed, somewhat tortuous. — Eng. Bot. t. 1870. On trunks of fallen trees. Not common. Apcthorpe, Northamptonshire. Resembles very closely some Exidia. 10. T. indecorata, Somm. ; sessile, rounded, moist, con- vex, plicate, opaque, brown, nearly black, dingy. On willows, etc. Mossburnford, A. Jerdon. 11. T. sarcoides, Sm. ; cffispitose, soft, viscid, flesh-co- loured, inclining to purple, at first club-shaped, then com- pressed, lobed and plicate. (Plate 2, fig. 7.) — Eiiy. Bot. t. 2450. On old stumps. Very common. 12. T. clavata, P. ; solitary, simple, incrassated, flesh-co- loured, blackish at the base. — Pet's. Ic. Pict. t. 10. /. 1. On stumps. Rare. Appiu, Capt. Carmichael. 13. T. tubercxilaria, B.; crumpent ; stem short, cjdindri- cal ; head pileate, dirty- white, nearly black when dry. — Tubercularia albida, B. in Eng. Fl. I. c. p. 354'. On fallen branches. Not uncommon. 14. T. torta, Willd. ; minute, round, depressed, gyroso- tuberculate, yellow or orange. On decorticated oak-branches. Very common. Two or three lines across, 15. T. versicolor, B. and Br. ; minute, orbiculai", orange, at length brown. — Ann. of Nat. Hist. ser. 2. vol. xiii. p. 406. On Corticium nudum. In several localities. Minute, tear- like, pale when young. IG. T. viscosa, P.; effused, resupinate, hyaline, at first white, undulated. — Pers. Obs. ii. 18. Corticium viscosum, Fr. On dead wood. Not uncommon. This has the structure of Tremella, as will be seen ])y the figure in Ann. of Nat. Jl^t. xiii. t. 15. t 4. TREMELLINI. 289 17. T. epigsea, B. and Br. ; effused, gelatinous, gyroso-pli- cate, white. — Ann. of Nat. Hist. ser. 2. ii. p. 266, with fig. On the ground. Rare. Leigh Wood, Bristol. Spreading over the naked soil, on which it forms a thin, white, gelatinous stratum. 46. EXIDIA, Fr. Tremulous, margined, fertile above and glandular, barren below. 1. E. recisa, Fr.; very soft, truncate, plane, costate, some- what waved, brown amber-colour, rough with little specks below; stem very short, excentric, oblique. — Eny. Bot. 1. 1819. On dead branches of willows, often before they fall. Very common. 2. E. glandulosa, Fr. ; effused, flattened, thick, undulated, nearly black, rough with conical papillae, cinereous, and some- what tomentose beneath. — Enff. Bot. t. 2448, 2452 ; Huss. i. ^.42. On dead branches of oak, etc. Common. The under side feels like black crape. Sometimes truncate, sometimes pen- dulous. 3. E. saccharina, Fr.; tubercular, gyroso-undulate, thick, tawny-cinnamon, sprinkled with scattered papillae. On larch. Rare. Mossburnford, A. Jerdon. 47. HIRNEOLA, Fr. Gelatinous, cup-shaped, horny when dry. Hymenium often more or less wrinkled ; interstices even, without papilla? ; outer surface velvety. 1. H. auricTila-Judae, B.; thin, concave, flexuous, at length black, venoso-plicate without and within, tomentose beneath. (Plate 18, fig. 7.)— Huss. i. t. 53. u 290 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGY. Oil elder and elms. Very common. Our figure is from specimens on elms which have the surface of the hymenium freer from folds. I do not, however, consider it a distinct species. 48. N^MATELIA, Fr. Nucleus solid, heterogeneous, covered with a gelatinous stratum, which is everywhere clothed with the hymenium. 1 . N. eneephala, Fr. ; nearly sessile, pulvinate, plicato- rugose, pale flesh-coloured, then brownish. — Willd. Bot. May. i. t. 4. /. 14. On pine-rails. Rare. Loch Lomond, Wales, Mr. Ralfs. Looks like the brain of some animal. Nucleus large, opaque, white. 2. N". nucleata, Fr. ; sessile, flat, somewhat gyrose, white, then brownish-yellow. On rotten wood. Rare. Sometimes confounded with Tremella albicla, from which it differs in the presence of a small white nucleus. I see no difference between British and American specimens. 3. N. virescens, Cd. ; small, roundish, depressed, gyroso- tuberculate, or quite even, green. — Fl. Dan. t. 1857,/. 1. On furze-branches. Common. 49. DACRYMYCES, Nees. Homogeneous, gelatinous. Conidia disposed in moniliform rows. Sporophorcs clavate, at length bifurcate. 1. D. violaceus, F?-.; small, compact, somewhat compressed, gyrose, \aolet. On trunks of pear-trees. Rare. Relhan. 2. D. deliquescens, Dubi/ ; jjulvinate, slightly waved and plicate, yellow. CLAVATI, 291 On fallen pine-branches. Not uncommon. From a quarter to half an inch across. Spores triseptate. 3. D. stillatus, Nees ; roundish, convex, at first nearly even, at length often concave, deep orange ; colour persistent. (Plate 18, fig. 8.)— Grew. t. 159. On pine-rails. Very common. Smaller than the last. Spores multiseptate. Generally barren. Ditiola nada, B. and Br. Ann. of Nat. Hist. ser. 2. vol. ii. p. 267. t. 9. f. 4, is pro- bably the fertile state of D. deliquescens, not of D. stillatus. 4. D. chrysocomus, Tul. ; small, yellow, gelatinous, cup- shaped. — Peziza chrysocoma, Bidl. t. 376. /. 2. On fir- branches. Not common. 50. APYRENIUM, Fr. Stroma gelatinoso-carnose, fibroso-floccosc, hollow, inflated. Hymeniura smooth, when dry collapso-pubescent. 1. A. lignatne, Fr.—Grev. t. 276. 51. HYMENULA, Fr. Eflftised, very thin, maculteform, agglutinate, between waxy and gelatinous. 1 . H. puncttformis, B. and Br. ; gelatinous, punctiform, pallid, somewhat undulated ; spores elliptic. On decorticated fir-poles. Batheaston, C. E. B. Dirty- white or very pale umber, slightly tinged with yellow. 52. DITIOLA, Fr. Orbicular, margined, patellseform. Hymcnium discoid, gelatinous, at first veiled. 1. D. radicata, Fr. ; disc nearly plane, golden-yellow ; stem thick, villous, white, rooting. — J. and S. t. 8./. 6. u2 292 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGY. On pine-wood. Not common. East Bergliolt, Dr. Badham. I have never been able to find asci in this plant, which I be- lieve belongs to the Order Tremellini. Fam. II.— gasteromycetes. Hymenium more or less permanently concealed, consisting in most cases of closely-packed cells, of which the fertile ones bear naked spores on distinct spicules, exposed only by the rupture or decay of the investing coat or peridium. Order 7. HYFOGJEL Hymenium permanent, not becoming dusty or deliquescent except when decayed. Subterranean. 53. OCTAVIANIA, Viti. Peridium continuous or cracked, cottony, running down into the sterile base. Trama byssoid, easily divisible. Fruit- bearing cavities or cells at first empty. Spores rough. 1. O. asterosperma, Vitt. ; globose, dirty-white, then in parts seruginous-blue and black ; sterile base rather thick ; spores spherical, deep ferruginous, echinate. — Tul. t. 11. /. 1. Underground, adhering by the mycelium to twigs, etc. Rare. West of England, C. E. B. 2. O. Stephensii, Tul. ; irregular, oblong, externally ru- fous, plicato-rugose at the base, cribrose, white within, milky, at length, when exposed to the air, rufous; spores globose, at length echinulate. — Hydnangium Stephensii, Berk. Ann. of Nat. Hist. xiii. p. 352. Underground, or half-buried. Bristol, C. E. B. Smell like that of Lactarius theiogalus. Adhering by branched fibrous roots. 293 54. MELANOGASTEB, Cd. Peridiura adhering to creeping branched fibres which tra- verse its surface, without any proper or distinct base. Cells at first filled with pulp. Spores smooth, mostly dark. 1 . M. variegatus, Tul. ; at first ochraceous, then reddish- ferruginous, minutely downy ; walls of the cells dirty-white, yellowish, or orange ; pulp black ; spores minute. — Sow. t. 42G. Under beech-trees, Lombardy poplars, etc. South-west of England. Not common. Sold in the market at Bath under the name of the Red Truffle. British specimens never have the walls of the cells decidedly yellow or orange. M. Broomeianus, B., seems, however, to be a mere variety of M. variegatus. 2. M. ambiguus, Tul. ; very fetid, globose, dirty-olive nearly even ; walls of cells white, reddish when exposed to the air; pulp black; spores large, obovate. — Tul. t. 2. /. 5, and /. 12./. 5. Under fir-trees, etc. West of England, C. E. B. Ape- thorpe, Northamptonshire. Smell like that of asafoetida. Spores slightly acute, or more commonly with a terminal papilla. A variety or distinct species, as large as the last, and having its bright rust-colour, occurred at Spye Park, in which the spores have very rarely any papillary apex. This is M. ambiguus, /3 intermedius, B. 55. HYDNANGIUM, Wallr. Peridium fleshy or membranaceous. Sterile base none. Trama vesicular. Cells at first empty, then filled with spores. Spores echinate. 1, H. c2LVot2dcolov, Berk. ; oblong, rootless ; peridium thin, rugulose, brick-red, orange within ; spores subelliptic, pale, cchinulate. (Plate 20, fig. 1 .)—Ann. of Nat. Hist. xiii. j^. 351. 294 OUTLINES Ob- BRITISH FUNGOLOGY. Under trees. Bristol, Dr. Stephens. Sometimes half ex- posed, as pointed out to me at Bristol by Mr. Broome and Mr. Tlnvaitcs. Colour exactly that of a carrot. Communi- cating to paper a lemon-coloured stain. 56. HYSTERANGIUM, Fitt. Peridium indchisccnt, distinct, separable. Cavities at first empty. Substance cartilaginco-glutinous. Spores minute. 1. H. nephriticum, /^. ; depressed, springing from a white, flat, branched, membranous mycelium ; peridium firm, elastic, distinct, tomentose ; substance pale blue or grey, here and there greenish ; cavities radiating from the base ; spores mi- nute, oblong, pale clay-colour. — Ann. Nat. Hist. xiii. p. 350. Under trees. Clifton, C. E. B, Smell at first like that of some Hypericum, then exactly that of a decaying Puff-ball. The spores in the closely allied H Pomjiholyx, Tul., are rose- coloured. 2. H. Thwaitesii, B. and Br. , subglobose, white, rufous when bruised ; peridium membranaceous ; spores oblong api- culate. — Ann. of Nat. Hist. ser. 2. ii. ^. 267. Under trees. Bristol, C. E. B. Alycelium white, fibril- lose. Seldom flattened. Cavities brownish-olive. The hy- menium of Hysterangium is very like that of a young Phallus. 57. RHIZOPOGON, Tul. Peridium continuous or cracked, adhering to creeping branched fibres, which traverse its surface. Cavities distinct, at first empty. Spores smooth, oblong-elliptic. I. R. rubescens, Tid. ; white, then reddish, and at length livid-olive, furnished with a few fibrillje ; substance very lacu- nose, dirty-white, then olive ; cavities always empty. HYVOOMl. 295 In sandy fir-woods. Clmdleigh, C. E. B. At first nearly transparent^ A^ith white roots^ and pink when touched. Smell something like that of Melanogaster ambiguus when old, when young like that of sour ham, 58. HYMENOGASTER, Tul. Peridium fleshy or thin, running down into an absorbing base. Cavities at first empty, radiating or irregular. Trama composed of elongated cells, but not of byssoid flocci, and therefore not easily separable. Spores various. 1. H. Klotzsehii, Tul.; obovate, fibrillose at the base, dirty-white, within dull rufous-oehre ; spores small, elliptic, obtuse at either extremity, nearly even. — Fl. Regn. Boi'. t. 466. Amongst soil. Very rare. In the Glasgow Botanic Garden, Klotzsch. 2. H. muticus, B. and Br. ; globose, quite white when young, then tinged with brown and cracked, pale yellow- brown within ; spores obovate, oblong, very obtuse. — Ann. of Nat. Hist. ser. 2. ii. p. 267. Under trees. Stapleton Grove, Bristol, C E. B. Smell very slight. Spores quite blunt. 3. H. luteus, Vitt. ; peridium very thin, soft and silky, white, then brownish, bright yellow within; spores even, ovate or elliptic, oblong, yellow. — Tul. t. \.f. 3. In woods. Not uncommon. 4. H. decorus, Tul. ; roundish, dirty-white, here and there yellow, rather firm, within lilac-brown and at length blackish- violet ; absorbing base obsolete ; sporophores long, somewhat filiform ; spores elliptic, obtuse or obtusely apiculate, rugu- lose, ochraceous, then brown. — Tul. t. 10. /. 9. 296 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGY. In woods. Not uncommon. Distinguished readily by the filiform sporophores, which project into the cavities. 5. H. -VTilgaris, TuL ; roundish, irregular, dirty-white, soon soiled, softish, within dirty-white, then dark-hrown ; sterile base minute; spores oblong or lanceolate, oblong-acute, atte- nuated at the base, dark-brown when mature ; surface uneven. In woods. Bristol, C. E. B. Apethorpe. 6. H. pallidus, B. and Br. ; smaller, rounded, depressed, nearly smooth, white, then dirty tan-colour, rather soft, within white, then yellow, then pale brown ; sterile base obsolete ; spores lanceolate, acute, shortly pedicellate, rather rough. — Ann. of Nat. Hist, xviii. p. 74. In a dry fir-plantation. Cotterstock, Northamptonshire. About size of horse-bean. Resembling somewhat H. luteus. 7. H. citrinus, Vitt. ; rounded, gibbous, shining as if silky, lemon-coloured or golden-yellow, then rufous-black, of the same colour within ; substance firm ; spores lanceolate, apicu- latc, rugulose, reddish-brown, opaque. (Plate 20, fig. 2.) In woods. Not uncommon. Smell strong, cheese-like. Sporophorcs often deeply coloured. 8. H. olivaeeus, Vitt.; globose, but angular; peridium whitish, then tinged with yellow, rufous when bruised ; sub- stance white, then of a dull buff", then rufous-olive, variegated with the white trama; spores pedicellate, mucronate, gene- rally smooth.— Fz«. ^. 5. /. 9. In woods. Common in the west of England. Smell like that of Lactarius theiogalua, and in some specimens of Ay. f/ambosiis. 9. H. tener, B. ; small, globose, soft, white, silky; sub- stance pale pink, then greyish-umber; sterile base conspi- cuous, white ; spores broadly elliptic, with a papillary apex, minutely warty. — Ann. of. Nat. Hist. xiii. p. 349. PHALLOIDET. 297 In woods. Not uncommon. Hazlebeech, Northampton- shire, C. E. B. Common in the West of England. Smell strong, pungent. 10. H. Thwaitesii, B. and Br. ; small, globose, firm, dirty- white, here and there stained ; substance brown ; spores glo- bose, rather rough, papillary. — Ann. of Nat. Hist. xiii. p. 349. In woods. Very rare. Portbury, near Bristol, G. H. K. Thwaites. Spores more globose than in any other species, mixed however with a few which arc oblong, larger than in H. tener, but smaller than in H. decorus. Interior membrane often contracted. 11. H. pusillus, B. and Br.; very small, obovate or sub- depressed, white ; sterile base large ; substance dirty-white ; cells large; spores pallid-rubiginous, short, broadly elliptic, with a papillary apex, at length rough. — Ann. of Nat. Hist. xviii. p. 75. On mossy ground, in woods. Rushton, Northamptonshire. About 2 lines high. Almost scentless, not turning black like the last when dry. Cavities larger. Order 8. PHALLOIDEI. Volva universal, the intermediate stratum gelatinous. Hy- menium deliquescent. 59. PHALLUS, L. Pileus perforated at the apex, free all round, reticulate. Veil none. 1 . P. impudicus, L. ; pileus conical, reticulated ; borders of the reticulations nearly entire ; stem white. (Plate 20, fig. ?>.)—Grev. t. 213. tiDH OUTLINES OF UKITISII tUXGOLOCJY. In woods. Extremely common in some districts, but local. Smell very fetid. 2. P. iosmos, B. ; pale reddish-grey ; pileus conical, reti- culated ; borders of the reticulations strongly toothed. — Curt. Brit. Ent. x. t. 469. Sandhills. Lowestoft. I have seen no fresh specimens. Scent somewhat like violets at a distance, but very offensive when the plant is dried. 60. CYNOPHALLUS, Fr. Pileus adnatc, imperforate, uneven. Veil none. 1. C. caniniis, Fr. — Soiv. t. 330. Amougst decayed leaves, in woods. Local. Stem white or pinkish. Root filiform, branched, creeping in every di- rection. 61. CLATHRUS, Mich. Stem none. Receptacle forming an ovate or globose net- work; branches of the network cellular within. 1. C. cancellatus, L. ; obovate, branches of the receptacle anastomosing obliquely. — Huss. i. t. 86. In woods. South of England and Ireland, as at the Isle of Wight, Torquay, etc. Very beautiful, but extremely fetid. Branches resembling sealing-wax, covered here and there with an olive sporiferous mass. Order 9. TBICHOGASTRES. Peridium single or double. Hymenium at length drying up into a dusty mass of threads and spores. TKICHOGASTRES, 299 62. BATARREA, P. Volva universal, central stratum gelatinous. Receptacle pileiform, bursting through the volva, seated at the top of a tall stem. 1. B. phalloides, P. ; stem equal, spores brownish. On sandhills^ or in the hollow of old trees at the base. Rare. New Brighton, Rev. T. Higgins. Dropmore, etc. In habit resembling Phallus, in structure Tulostoma. — Sow. t. 390. 63. TULOSTOMA, P. Peridium thin, papyraceous, the outer coat separating, dis- tinct from the elongated stem. 1. T. mammosum, Fr. ; stem equal, somewhat scaly; mouth of the peridium prominent, mammiform, entire. — Sow. t. 406. On old walls, amongst moss. Local. Not uncommon about London. The base of the receptacle is free all round. Stem nearly of the same texture as in Batarrea. 64. GEASTER, Mich. Peridium double, outer distinct, persistent, bursting, and divided into several stellate lobes. 1 . G. coliformis, P. ; outer peridium multifid, expanded ; inner supported by many slender short stems ; apertures nu- merous, ciliated. — Sow. t. 313. On the ground. Local. Scarcely found except in Norfolk and Suffolk. One of the largest of the genus. 2. G. fornicatus, Fr. ; outer peridium subquadrifid, sepa- rating into two coats, connected at the tips of the divisions, and vaulted ; mouth conical, plicato-sulcate. — Sow. L 198. 300 OUTLINES OF BUITISII FUNGOLOCY. On the ground, and in tlic cavity of hollow trees. Not common, though found occasionally in as high a latitude as Nottinghamshire. 3. G. striatus, DC. ; outer peridium multifid, simple, ex- panded; inner subpedicellate ; mouth prominent, conical, sul- cato-striate. Amongst sand. Abundant at Yarmouth. 4. G. Bryantii, B. ; outer peridium, coriaceous, expanded, multifid ; inner pedicellate, with a groove round the top of the peduncle ; mouth sulcato-plicate. Under yew-trees, and on exposed fen-banks. Not common. Apethorpe, Northamptonshire, Thorney, Cambridgeshire. 5. G. limbatus, Fr. ; outer peridium coriaceous, expanded, multifid ; inner pedicellate ; mouth fimbriato- pilose, depressed, rather acute. — Sow. t. 312; Huss. i. t. 2. On the ground. Not common. There is no groove round the top of the stem, as in the last. 6. G. fimbriatus, Fr. ; outer peridium multifid, expanded, flaccid; inner sessile ; mouth indeterminate, piloso-fimbriate. (Plate 20, fig. 4^.)—Soio. t. 80. In fir-plantations. Not uncommon. Sowerby^s plant is certainly the same as this, the mouth not being simply toothed, as in G. ritfescens. The figure in Plate 20 docs not sufficiently shoAv the true character of the aperture. 7. G. mammosus, Chev. ; outer peridium multipartite, rigid, hygrometric ; lacinise equal ; inner sessile ; mouth ci- liate, acutely conic, in a circular disc. — Sow. t. 401. On the ground. Extremely rare. I have seen only the specimen figured by Sowerby. 8. G. rufescens, P. ; outer peridium multifid, at length revolute ; inner sessile, naked ; mouth toothed. In pastures. Bardon Hills, Leicestershire. Northampton- TRICnOGASTRES. 301 shire. My plant has an irregular toothed mouth. An au- thentic specimen of Pcrsoon is G. fimbriatus, and so perhaps are some of Schmidel's figures. 9. G. hygrometricus, P. ; outer peridium multipartite, thick, rigidly inflexed when dry ; inner sessile, subreticulate, bursting irregularly. — Bolt. t. 179. On the ground. Very rare. Swain's Moor, near Halifax. The hard, horny outer peridium, and scurfy or reticulate, irregularly bursting inner peridium, readily distinguish this species, which, though so rare here, is common on the Con- tinent. 65. BOVISTA, Dill. Peridium like paper (or pasteboard), persistent. Bark dis- tinct, at length shelling oft'. Capillitium equal, attached on all sides to the peridium. Spores pedicellate. 1. B. nigrescens, P.; subglobose; peridium tough, paper- like, at length blackish-umber; bark even, entirely evanes- cent ; capillitium thick, purple-brown, as well as the spores. (Plate 20, fig. 5.) In pastures. Very common. Larger than the next. 2. B. plumbea, P. ; globose ; peridium paper-like, flexible, lead-coloured ; bark persistent at the base ; mouth narrow ; capillitium and spores brown. (Plate 20, fig. 6.) In pastures. Even more common than the last. 66. LYCOPERDON, Town. Peridium membranaceous, vanishing above or becoming flaccid. Bark adnatc, subpcrsistent, breaking up into scales or warts. Capillitium adnate to the peridium and to the sterile base. 302 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNOOLOGY. 1 . L. giganteum, Batsch ; pcridium very brittle above and obtuse, cracking into arcre, evanescent, very widely open ; bark floecose, rather distinct ; capillitium vanishing, together with the dingy-olive spores. — Grev. t. 336; Huss. i. t. 26. In pastures. Local. Esculent when young. Attaining sometimes a very large size. Used as an anaesthetic. 2. L. cselatum, Fr. ; peridium flaccid above, collapsing, obtuse, dehiscent at the apex, at length open and cup-shaped ; barren stratum cellular ; inner peridium distinct all round ; spores dingy-yellow. (Plate 20, fig. 7.) — Huss. ii. t. 23. In pastures, etc., often forming rings. Very common and variable. 3. L. atro-purpureum, Vitt. ; pcridium flaccid, dingy-ru- fous, opening by a minute obtuse mouth ; bark at first rough with minute spines ; sterile base cellular, continuous with the capillitium ; spores largish, pedicellate, brown-purple, cehinu- late.— Fz«. Mon. t. 2. /. 6. On downs. West of England, C. E. B. 4. L. pusillum, Fr. ; peridium entirely flaccid, persistent, obtuse, always bursting by a narrow mouth ; bark even, then rimose with adpressed scales ; sterile stratum obsolete, con- tinuous with the capillitium; spores olive. — Bolt. 1. 117. /. C. In pastures. Not common. Lea, Lincolnshire, etc. A small species. 5. L. saccatum, Vahl ; peridium lens-shaped, scurfy, ob- tuse, cracking into arese, fugacious, very thin, as well as the adnate bark ; capillitium compact, persistent ; spores dingy- umber. — Huss. i. /. 14. In thickets, or on their borders. Hare. Kent. Bath. Laxton, Northamptonshire. Peridium plicate beneath. 6. L. gemmatum, Fr. ; peridium membranaceous, persis- tent, narrowed at the base, opening with an umbonate mouth TKICnOGASTRES!. 303 hark farinaceous, adnatc, covered ^itli more or less spiuulose warts; flocci forming a sort of columella ; spores yellow, in- clined to green. — Huss. i. t. 54. In meadowS;, etc. The commonest species of the genus, and very variahle. 7. L. pyriforme, Scha>ff. ; peridium membranaceous, per- sistent, somewhat pyriform, umhonate ; bark innate, covered with minute fugacious scales; columella conical, greenish- yellow, as well as the spores. — Huss. i. t. 70 ; Grev. t. 304. On decayed stumps, etc. Common. Root white, branched, creeping. 67. SCLERODERMA, P. Peridium firm, with an innate bark, bursting irregularly. Flocci adhering on all sides to the peridium, and forming dis- tinct veins in the central mass. Spores large, granulated. 1 . S. vulgare, Fr. ; nearly sessile, irregular ; peiidiura hard, corky, bursting by an indefinite aperture ; inner mass bluish-black; spores dingy. (Plate 15, fig. 4, in part.) — Huss. i. t. 17. On the borders of woods, etc. Common. Peridium va- riously areolate, warty or scaly, sometimes nearly even. 2. S. Bovista, Fr. ; nearly sessile, irregular; peridium thin, soft, bursting irregularly; bark inclining to peel off; flocci yellow ; spores dingy- olive. On sandy ground. Not common. Known by its thinner peridium and yellow flocci. 3. S. verrucosum, P. ; somewhat stipitate ; peridium rounded, somewhat warty, thin above and brittle ; central mass purple-black ; spores and flocci brown. — Grev. t. 48 ; Huss. i. t. 17. On sandy ground, etc. Not uncommon. Care must be 304 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGY. taken not to confound this with stipitate forms of the two foregoing species. 68. POLYSACCUM, DC. Common peridium simple, rigid, bursting irregularly ; in- ternal mass divided into distinct cells, filled with peridiola. Spores mixed with threads. 1 . P. olivaceiun, Fr. ; peridium roundish, olive, as well as the regular minute peridiola ; stem short, abrupt, almost root- less. — Sow. t. 425 a, b. On the ground (not on sandhills) . Extremely rare. High- gate. I have seen no specimen, and am therefore uncertain whether it is really distinct from P. pisocarpium. 69. CENOCOCCUM, Fr. Peridium naked, thick, carbonaceous, indehiscent, at length hollow, with the walls dotted with dust-like spores. 1. C. geopMlum, Fr.; black; spores of the same colour. — Sow. t. 270. In woods, where the soil is peaty. Common. About the size of a vetch. The proper situation of this genus is very doubtful. OedeeIO. MYXOaASTBES. At first pulpy, at length filled with flocci and dust-like spores. 70. LYCOGALA, Mich. Peridium composed of a double membrane, papyraceous, MYXOGASTRES. 305 persistent, bursting irregularly at the apex, externally warty or furfuraceous. Flocci delicate, adnate to the peridium. 1. epidendrum, Fr.; Grev. t. 38. On decayed wood.* 2, pavietinura, Fr. ; Schracl. Nov. Gen.t. 6./. I; {no. 381). On damp paper, basket-work, etc. 71. RETICULARIA, Bull. Peridium indeterminate, simple, thin, naked, bursting irre- gularly, fugitive. Flocci attached to the peridium, flat, branched, subreticulate. 1. maxima, Fr. Ou felled trees. 2. atra, Fr. ; Sow. t. 257. On felled pines. 3. umbrina, Fr. (Plate 20, fig. 5.) Sow. t. 272. On old rails, etc. * Specific characters are given of those species only wliich can be readily made out with nothing more than a common lens. A mere list is appended of the smaller species, a full account of wliicli, or a reference to where such an account exists, wiU be found either in the 'English Flora' or in Taylor's Journal, the number in that Journal being indicated where the plant is not contained in the first-mentioned work. The place of each number in the Journal may be found from the following schedule : — Mag. of Zool. and Bot. vol. i. p. 42 : no. 1- 37. vol. i. p. 507 : no. 38- 58. Ann. of Nat. Hist. ser. 1. vol. i. p. 198 : no. 59-107. „ vol. i. p. 257 : no. 108-137. „ vol. vi. p. 355 : no. 138-207. „ vol. vi. p. 430 : no. 208-256. „ vol. xiii. p. 340 : no. 257-322. ser. 2. vol. ii. p. 259 : no. 323-379. „ vol, V. p. 365 : no. 380-437. „ vol. V, p. 455 : no. 438-501. „ vol. vii. p. 95 : no. 502-537. „ vol. vii. p. 176 : no. 538-614. „ vol. ix. p. 317 : no. 615-639, „ vol. ix. p. 377 : no. 640-661. „ vol. xiii. p. 396 : no. 662-729. „ vol. xiii. p. 458 : no. 730-784. sor. 3. vol. iii. p. 356 : no. 785-900. 306 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOC.Y. 72. ^THALIUM, Lk. Peridium indeterminate, externally covered by a floccosc evanescent bark, cellular within from the confluent interwoven flocci. 1. septicum, Fr. In woods, on various substances. 2. vaporarium, Fr. ; Grev. ^.272. In stoves, on bark. 73. SPUMARIA, P. Peridium indeterminate, simple, crustaceous, flocculoso- cellular. Spores surrounded by membranaceous, ascending, often sinuous folds. 1. alba, DC. ; Grev. t. 267. On living culms of grass, etc. 74. DIDERMA, P. Peridium double ; external, distinct, crustaceous, smooth ; internal delicate, evanescent, attached to the straggling flocci, with or without a columella. 1. floriforme, P. Syn. p. 165 ; Bull. ^.371. On decayed wood, etc. 2. urabilicatum, P. I. c; Fl. Ban. 1972. /. 1. On dead bark, etc. 8. citrinum, Fr.; Fl. Dan. 1312./. 1. On Sphagnum. 4. vernicosum, P. Obs. t. 3./. 7; Grev. t. 111. On dead loaves, etc. 5. spumarioides. Fa-. ; Fl. Dan. 1798. /. 2. On moss, dead leaves, etc. 6. Trevelyani, Fr. ; Grev. ^.132. On mosses. 7. Carmichaelianum, B. in Enrjl. Fl. I.e. p.?>^\. On mosses. 8. nitons, Klotzsch ; Engl. Fl. I. c. On bark. 9. globosura, Fr.; Grev. ^.122. On dead leaves. 10. cyanescens, Fr. On dead and living leaves. 11. deplanatum, Fr. On dead oak-leaves, etc. 12. contextum, P. Obs. i. p. 89; Ditm. in Sturm, i. t. 39; {no. 109). On dead grass, fern, etc. MYXOGASTRES. 307 75. DIDYMIUM, Schrad. Peridiuin scaly or floccose, bursting irregularly. 1. melanopus,i^/-.(«o.382),aiidy3clcivus(«o.ll0). On various substances. 2. heraispliyericum, Fr.; Sow. t. 12. On dead twigs, etc. 3. furfuraceum, Fr. {no. 734). On dead leaves. 4. tigrinum, Fr.; Schrad. t. Q.f. 2, 3 ; {no. 3S3). On decayed wood. 5. squamulosum, A. and S. ^. 4./. 5. On dead leaves, etc. 6. farinaceum, Fr.; Schrad. t.h.f.%. On dead leaves, etc. 7. nigripes, Fr. ; Ditni. t. 42. On rotten wood. 8. pertusmn, B. Fng. Ft. I. c. }). 313. On dead herbaceous stems. 9. xanthopus, Fr.; Bitm. t. 43 ; {no. 111). On dead leaves. 10. leucopus, Fr. ; Lk. Diss. i. p. 27. On dead leaves, etc. 11. Sowerbeii, B. ; Sow. t. 412./. 3. On a decaying bulb. 12. lobatum, Nees, Syst.f. 104. On mosses. 13. congestum, B. and Br. {no. 384). On dead leaves, grass, etc. 14. daedaleum, B. and Br. {no. 385). In a cucumber-frame. 15. physaroides, Fr. On dead wood, mosses, etc. 16. cinereum, Fr. ; BatscJi,/. 169. On various decaying substances. 17. serpula, Fr. On dead leaves. 76. PHYSARUM, P. Peridium simple, membrauaceous, very delicate, naked, quite smooth, bursting irregularly. Columella none. 1. nutans. P., and y am'eum, Grev. t. 124. On decayed wood. 2. bulbiforme, Schum.; Fl. Ban. t. 1974./. 3. On rotten wood. 3. rubiginosmn, Chev.; Fl. Par. p. 338. On bark, amongst moss. 4. lilacinum, Fr. {no. 215). On decayed wood. 5. metallicum, B. {no. 29, with a figure). On elder-sticks. 6. album, Fr.; Grev. t. 40. On dead leaves, etc. 7. atiaun, Fr. {no. 216). On fallen oak-branches, etc. 11. AISTGIORIDIUM, Grev. Peridium membranaceous, opening by a longitudinal fis- X 2 308 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGY. sure. Flocci adhci'ing to the j)cridium on all sides, reticulate, Hat, ending above in the inner peridium. 1. sinuosum, Grev. t. 310. On dead leaves, etc. 78. BADHAMIA, B. Peridium naked or furfuraceous. Spores in groups, en- closed at first in a hyaline sac. 1 . hyalina, B. Physanmi liyaliiiuui, P. T)hp. i. 2./. 4. On dtraycdwood. 2. utricularis, B. Physaruni utriculare, Yr.; Bull. t. ill./. 1. 3. nitens, B. in Trans. Linn. Soc. \\\.p. 153 {no. 731). On decayed wood. 4. pallida, B. I. c. {no. 732). On decayed wood. 5. fulvella, B. I. c. jj. 154 {no. 733). Ou decayed wood. 79. CRATERIUM, Trent. Peridium simple, papyraceous, rigid, persistent, closed at first ^ith a deciduous operculum. Flocci congested, erect. 1. peduncidatum, Trent ; Ditm. I.e. t. 9. On dead twigs, etc. 2. pyriforme, Bitm. I.e. t. 10. On dead leaves, etc. 3. minutuni, Fr.; Sow. t. 239. On dead leaves, etc. 4. leucocephalnm, Bitni. I.e. 1. 11 ; Grev. t. 65. On dead leaves, etc. 5. mntabile, Fr. On bark, moss, etc. 80. DIACHEA, Fr. Peridium very delicate, simple, falling off in fragments. Capillitium subreticulate, springing from a grumous, pallid columella. 1. elegans, Fr. ; Bull. t. 502./. 2 ; {no. 112). On dead leaves, etc. 81. STEMONITIS, Gled. Peridium very delicate, simple, evanescent. Capillitium reticulate, springing from the dark, penetrating stem. MYXOGASTKES. 309 1. fusca, Roth; Grc'v. ^.170. On old stumps, etc. 2. fcrniginca, M)b. Sih. lk'i\f. 6 yl, B. On old stumps, etc. 3. typhoides, DC. ; Bakch,/. 176 ; {no. 113). On dead leaves, etc. 4. ovata, P.; II. Dan. t. 2091./. 1 ; Soio. t. 259. On old wainscot- ing, etc. 5. obtusata, Fr.; Fl Dan. i. 2091./ 2. On dead wood. 6. pulcliella, Tinh. {no. 217, idU; afujure). On dead Plerh a(piiUna. 7. Physaroides, A. and S. t. 2./. 8 {no. 386). On mossy stumps. 8. violacea, Fr. {no. 387). On moss. 9. arcyrioidcs, Soinm. {no. 111). On dead laurel-leaves. 82. ENERTHENEMA, Boivm. Peridiura very delicate^ simple, evanescent, except at the apex, where it is adnate Avitli the dilated top of the pene- trating dark stem. Capillitium dependent, attached to the dilated disc. Spores surrounded by a cyst. 1. elegans, Bowin. in Linn. Tr. xvi. i. IG. (Plate 1, fig. 6 c.) Stemo- nitis papillata, P. On decayed wood. 83. DICTYDIUM, SchracL Peridium simple, very delicate, reticulated or veined from the innate capillitium. 1. undjilicatum, SchracL; Grev. t. 153. On pine-stumps. 84. CRIBBARIA, Schrad. Peridium simple, persistent below, vanishing above. Flocci innate, forming a free network in the upper half of the peridium. 1. intermedia, B. ; Sow. t. 400./. 5. On rotten wood. 310 OUTLINES or BRITISH FUNGOLOGY. 85. ARCYKIA, HiU. Peridium simple, upper portion very fugacious. Capillitium clastic. Flocci not spiral. 1. punicea, P. ; Sow. t. 49 ; Grev. 1. 130. On decayed wood. 2. incaruata, P. ; Obs. t. 5./. 4, 5. On decayed wood. 3. cinerea, Schtim. ; Bull. t. ^11. f. 3. On decayed wood. 4. nutans, Fr.; Sow. t. 260 ; Grev. t. 309. On decayed wood. 5. umbrina, Schum.; Fl. Ban. 1. 1975./. 1 ; («o.389). On decayed wood. 6. ochroleuca, Fr.; Ditvi. I. c.t.^; («o. 115). On decayed wood. 86. OPHIOTHECA, Curr. Peridium simple, bursting longitudinally. Capillitium two- fold, one consisting of delicate hyaline threads, to which the spores are attached ; the other of echinulate, thicker, branched filaments. 1. chiysosperaia, Cmr. Micr. Journ. \\. p. 240. t. 9. 87. TRICHIA, Hall. Peridium simple, persistent, membranaceous, bursting irre- gularly above. Threads spiral. 1. rubiformis, P.; Bhp. t. 4./. 3. T. Nccsiana, 07.; {no. 218). On dead wood. 2. pyriforrais, Hoffm. Veg. Crypt, t. \.f. 1. On decayed wood. 3. Ayresii, B. and Br. {no. 390). On decayed wood. 4. Lorinseriana, Cd. Fuse. i./. 288; Carrey, in Mic. Journ. \. p. 129. 5. serotina, Schrad. ; Journ. Bot. 1799. t. '6. f. 2 ; {no. 391). On de- cayed wood. 6. fallax, P. ; Obs. t. 3./ 45. On decayed wood. 7. clavata, P.; Soto. t. 400./. 6. On decayed wood. 8. ccrina, B'Um. 7, c. ^. 25 ; Currey, I. c. p. 127. On decayed wood. 9. nigripes, P. ; Currey, I.e. p. 128. 10. turbinata, JFith. ; Sow. t. 85. On decavcd wood. NIDULARIACEI. 311 11. chrysosperma, DC; Grev. ^ 281. On decayed wood. 12. varia, P.; Batsch,f. 171. On decayed wood. 13. scii)ula, P.; Grev. t. 266. On dead leaves, etc. 88. PERICHJENA, Fr. Peridium simple, subracmbranaceous, persistent, naked, often splitting horizontally in the middle. Flocci few, not spiral. 1. abietina, Fr. ; Sow. ^.258. On decaying fir-wood. 2. populina, Fr. ; Grev. t. 252. On decaying poplar. 89. LICEA, Schrad. Peridium thin, membranaceous, even, bursting irregularly. Spores not mixed -with flocci. 1. cylindrica, Fr.; Sow. ^.199. On soft rotten wood. 2. fragifonnis, Fr. ; Grev. ^.308. On soft rotten wood. 3. applanata, P. (no. 292). On sticks. 4. perreptans, B.; Sow. t. 400./. 1; («o. 392). On hotbeds. 90. PHELONITIS, Chcv. Peridium paper-like, persistent, commonly splitting hori- zontally in the centre. Spores large, rough. 1. strobilina, Fr.; Grev. t. 275. On fallen fir-cones. Order 11. NIDULABIACEI. Spores produced on sporophores compacted into one or more globose or disciform bodies, contained within a distinct peridium. 91. CYATHUS, P. Peridium composed of three closely connected membranes. 312 OUTLINES OF 15RITISH FUNGOLOGY. at length bursting at the apex, and closed by a white mem- brane. Sporangia plane, umbilicate, attached to the walls by an elastic cord. 1. striatus, lloffm.; obconic, truncate above and below, extenially fer- ruginous, hairy, mthin lead-coloured, smooth, striate. (Plate 2, fig. 3.) On sticks, fir-cones, etc. Not uncommon. 2. vernicosus, DC. ; bell-shaped, naiTow at the base, nearly sessile, quite even, externally ochraccous or cinereous, minutely downy, at length smooth, within lead-coloured or brown. (Plate 21, fig. 1.) On the ground, especially in stubble-fields. Common. 92. CRUCIBULUM, TuL Pcridium consisting of a uniform, spongy, fibrous felt, closed by a flat furfuraceous cover of the same colour. Spo- rangia plane, attached by a long cord, springing from a little nipple-like tubercle. 1. vulgare, Tul. (Plate 2, fig. 1.) On fern, sticks, etc. Not uncommon. 93. SPH^ROBOLUS. Tode. Peridium double ; the inner at length inverted elastically, and ejecting a solitary subglobose sporangium. 1. stellatus, Tode ; globose, pale yellow; mouth regular, stcUato-den- tate. (Plate 21, fig. 2.) On sawdust, twigs, etc. Not uncommon. 91. POLYANGIUM, Lk. Peridium subhemisphcrical, hyaline. Sporangia large in proportion, grumous Avithin. 1. vitellinum, Ditm . I.e. I. 27. On fallen trunks. Veiy rare. King's Cliffe. Atractoholus iihhpntarivs is simply the eggs of some IVii- pifjnathvn ; Myriococcina and Thclcholiis Mcrc introduced into SrUiEllONliMEI. 813 the 'English Flora' on the authority of Loudon, but it is not certain that they were ever found in Great Britain. Fam. III.— coniomycetes. Spores either solitary or concatenate, produced on the tips of generally short threads, which are either naked or contained in a perithecium, rarely compacted into a gelatinous mass.^ Order 12. SPHu^KONEMEI. Perithecium more or less distinct. 95. CONIOTHYRIUM, Cd. Perithecium membranaceous, bursting irregularly or trans- versely. Spores simple, at length free. 1. glomeratum, Cd. Fasc. 4./. 108 {no. 752). On elm planks. 96. LEPTOSTROMA, Fr. Perithecium membranaceous, flat, breaking off at the base. Spores simple, minute. 1. caricinum, Fr. ; Obs. ii. t. l.f. 4. On dead sedges. 2. juncinura, Fr. (no. 108). On dead rushes. 3. filicinura, Fr. ; Sow. L 394./. 10. On dead Pteris aqidUna. 4. litigiosum, Desm. On dead Pteris aquilina. 5. Spirseae, Fr. On dead Spiraea Ulmaria. 6. vulgare, Fr. (no. 205). On various dead herbaceous plants. 97. PHOMA, Fr. Perithecium punctiform or subglobose, often spurious or * The spoi-cs arc the piomiucut feature of this family, and not tlic threads, as ui tlie following. 314 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FDNGOLOGY. incorporated Avith the matrix, discharging the minute simple spores by a small orifice at the apex. Spores mostly hyaline. * Spores slightli/ coloured. 1. concentricum, Besm. {710. 197). On leaves of Yucca and Agave. 2. Iledcra;, Des>n. (no. 350). On dead ivy-stems. ** Sjwres Jnjaline. 3. asteriscus, B. and Br. (no. 394). On dead stems of Eeracleum. 4. notluun, B. a)id Br. {no. 395). On dead plane-twigs. 5. lingam, Desm. no. 1877 (no. 395). On old eabbage-stalks. 6. radvda, B. and Br. {no. 396). On dead plane-twigs. 7. depressum, B. and Br. {no. 397). On twigs of Rohinia Bseudacacia. 8. eriophorum, B. and Br. {no. 81:^). On decaying chestnuts. 9. samarorum, Besm. no. 349 (no. 398). On dead ash samara. 10. piceum, B. and Br. (no. 399). On rose-leaves. 11. sticticum, B. and Br. (no. 400). On dead box-twigs. 12. exiguum, Besm. (no. 1869). On dead elder-shoots. 13. devastatrix, B. and Br. (no. 813). On Lohelice. 14. microscopicum, B. and Br. (no. 401). On Potamogeton. 15. nebulosnm, B. = Sp. nebidosa, P. On dead herbaceous stems. 16. longissimum, B. = Sp. longissima, P. On dead stems, UvtM- lifercE, etc. *** On hleaclied wood. 17. inophilura, B. {110. 735). On maple planks. 18. muciferum, B. {iio. 736). On elm planks. 19. ulmicola, B. (no. 737). On elm planks. 20. cpileucum, B. (no. 7 38). On pine planks. 21. flbricola, B. (no. 739). On pine planks. 22. bicuspidatum, B. {no. 740). On pine planks. 98. LEPTOTHYRIUM, Kze. Perithecium flat, irregular, at length breaking ofl' at the base. Spores cylindrical-oblong or irregular. SPH^RONEMEI. 315 1. Juglandis, Lib. no. 164 {)io. 402). On walnut-loaves. 2. Fragarise, Lib. (jio. 162). On strawberiy and Pulentilla. 3. Kibis, Lib. (no. 258). On leaves of red currant. 99. ACTINOTHYRIUM, Kze. Pcrithecia orbicular^ radiato-fibrous. Spores fusiform_, slcu- dei'j simple. 1. graminis, Kze.; Grev. t. 218. On dead grass. 100. CRYPTOSPOKIUM, Kze. Peritheciura always covered by the cuticle^ carnoso-mem- branaceous, at length pierced. Spores fusiform^ simple. 1. Caricis, Cd. {no. 403). On sedge-leaves. 2. Neesii, Cd. {no. 404). On birch-twigs. 101. SPHiEROIirEMA, Tode. Pcrithecia free^ opaque or hyaline. Spores minute, at length oozing out by the ostiolum, and forming a globule. 1. subulatum, Tode ; Grev. ^.189. On dead Ladarii. 2. vitreum, Cd. S. blepliaristoma, B. {no. 57, with a fig., 196). On dead Lactarii and nettles. 3. leucoconiiim, B. and Br. {no. 405). On decayed beet. 4. epimyces, B. Spliseria epimyces, Ehb. {no. 187). On Corticia, 102. APOSPH^RIA, B. Pcrithecia at length free, distinct from the matrix, fur- nished with a papillseforra ostiolum. Spores minute. 1. acuta, B. Sphsevia acuta, Hoffm. On dead nettles. 2. complanata, B. S. complanata, Fr. in part. On dead stems. 316 OUTLINES OF BIUTISH FUNGOLOCY. 103. SPH^ROPSIS, Lev. Perithecia distinctj carl^onaceous. Spores various, simple, escaping by a perforation at the apex. 1. atro-virens, Lev. On dead mistletoe-twigs. 2. CandoUii, B. and Br. Spheeria Buxi, DC. On dead box-leaves. 3. leucostigraa, Lev. {no. 420). S. Hederfe, Soto. On dead ivy-leaves. 4. cylindrospora, Besm. (no. 418). On dead ivy-leaves. 5. Ealfsii, B.and B?'. (no. 419). On dead ivy-leaves. 6. parca, B. and Br. (no. 420*). On dead leaves of Abies excelsa. 7. Strobi, B. and Br. (no. 421). On dead leaves of Pinus Strobus. 8. geniculata, B. and Br. (no. 422). With the last. 9. epitricha, B. and Br. (no. 42.3). On Bquhetum palKsirc. 10. mutica, B. and Br. (no. 424). On elder. 11. nienispora, B. and Br. (no. 425). On Typha latifolia. 12. malorum, B Sphseria raalorum, B. in Eng. Fl. On decay'ng apples. 13. anindinacea, Lev. = Sph. arundinacea, Soto. On dead leaves. 14. Taxi, B. On dead yew-leaves. 15. Alismatis, Curr.; Linn. Tr. xxii. p. 334. On AUsma Flantacjo. 104. DOTHIORA, Fr. Nucleus slowly developed, gelatinoso-grumous, black, im- mersed in an erumpeut stroma, subcarbonaceous externally, fleshy within, always astoraous. Spores pedicellate, obovate, simple. 1. pyrenophora, Jr. (no. 199). On twigs of apple. 2. sphajroides, Fr. (no. 198). On ash-twigs. 105. CLINTERIUM, Fr. Perithecium erumpent, free, carbonaceous, bursting by fis- sures at the apex. Nucleus gelatinoso-floccose. Spores simple. 1 . obturatum, Fr. On leaves of lin OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGY. 2. populina, IJv. On Pojndus nigra. 3. Tremulse, Tul. On Populus tremula. 4. betulina, Besm. On birch. 5. salicina, Lev. On sallow. 1C4. LECYTHEA, Lev. Stroma surrounded or sprinkled with elongated abortive spores. Spores free, invested with their mother-cell, or eon- eatenate. * Spores free. 1. Rubomm, Lev. On brambles. 2. Eosse, Lev. On rose. 3. popnlina, Lev. On poplar. 4. Eupliorbise, Lev. On spurge. 5. epitea, Lev. On willows. 6. mixta. Lev. On willows. 7. saliceti, Lev. On willows. 8. Baryi, B. {no. 755). On grass. 9. Valerianae, B. On Valeriana officinalis. ** /^ores invested with another cell (Pliysonenia, Lev.). 10. gyrosa, Lev. On raspberry. *** Spores concatenate (Podosporium, Lev.). 11. capra^amm, Lev. On sallow. 12. Lini, Lev. On Linion catharticum. 165. CYST OPUS, iy«7. Reeeptacle consisting of thick branched threads. Spores concatenate, at length separating. 1. candidus, Lev.; Grev. ^.251. On Capsella, Sisi/mdrimn, etc. 166. POLYCYSTIS, Lev. Spores irregular, consisting of several cells. pucciNi^'Ki. 335 1. Colchici, Till. («o. 485). On colchicum. 2. Violie, B. and Br. {no. 487). On violet. 3. parallela, B. and Br. {no. 486). On rye, etc. 167. TILLETIA, Tw/. Spores spherical, springing from delicate branched threads. Epispore reticulated. 1. Caries, Tid. On grains of wheat, etc. 168. USTILAGO, Lk. Plant deeply seated. Spores simple, springing from deli- cate threads, or produced in the form of closely packed cells, which ultimately break up into a powdery mass. 1. segetuni, Dittm. On seeds of cereals and other Graiuineee. 2. urceolorum, Tul. On seeds of Car Ices. 3. longissima, Tul. On leaves of Po« aquatica. 4. olivacea, Tul. On seeds of Car ices. 5. hypodytes, Fr. {no. 481). On stems of varions gi'asses. 6. Maydis, Cd. On stems, etc., of Indian corn. 7. Montagnei, Tul. {no. 479). On seeds of Rliyncos'pora alba. 8. typhoides, B. and Br. {no. 480). On stems of reeds, 9. Salveii, B. and Br. {no. 482). On leaves oi Lactylia glomerata. 10. grammica, B. and Br. {no. 483). On stems of Jira aquatica. 11. vinosa, Tul. {no. 484). On seeds of Oxyria reniformis. 12. utricnlosa, Tul. On seeds of Polygona. 13. flosculonnn, Tul. On flowers of scabious. 14. receptaculorum, Fr. On receptacles of goatsbeard. 15. antherarum, Tul. On anthers oi Sllene. 169. TUBURCINIA, Fr. Plant deeply seated. Spores multicellular, subglobose, or conchiform. Allied to Sporidesmium. 33G OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGY. 1. scabies, B. {no. 489). On potatoes. 2. Tricutalis, B. and Br. On leaves of T. Europmi. Order 1G. MCIDIACEL Peridium distinctly celhdar. 170. RCESTELIA, Rah. Peridium elongated, the component cells at length sepa- rating or lacerated. 1. cancellata, Reh. On pear-leaves. 2. conuita, Tul. ; Grev. t. 180. On mountain-ash. 3. lacerata, Tul. ; Grev. t. 209. On hawthorn. 171. PERIDERMIUM, Chev. Peridium elongated, at length ruptured irregulai-ly. 1. Pini, Chev.; Grev. t. 7. On Scotch tlr. 2. elatinum, Tul. On silver tir, altering both the foliage and ramification. 172. -S5CIDIUM, F. Peridium rarely elongated, opening hy radiating reflected teeth, or very short and bursting irregularly. Spores con- catenate. 1. AUii, Grev. On A. ursimim. 2. Ari, B. On A. maculatum. 3. rubellum, P. On docks. 4. Primulas, BC. On primrose. 5. Soldanellae, Hornsc. On Soldanella alpina. 6. Pcdicularis, Loboschutz {no. 254). On Pedicularis. 7. Mentha?, BC. On mints. jEcidiacei. 337 8. Aspcrifolii, P. {no. 255). On BorcujineaE. 9. Tragopogonis, P. On goatsbeard. 10. Compositamin, Mart. On daisy, etc. 11. Valerianaceamm, Buh. On V. officinalis. 12. Periclymeni, DC. On woodbine. 13. Bunii, DC. On eai-thnut. 14; Galii, P. (wo. 490). On Galium verum. 15. Ranunculacearum, DC. On buttercups. 16. Calthac, G)-ev. On C. palustris. 17. leucospermum, DC. On wood anemone. 18. quadiifidum, DC. On garden anemone. 19. Thalictri, Grev. t. 4. On T. alpinum. 20. Geranii, DC. On Geraiiia. 21. Berberidis, P.; Grev. t. 97. On berberry. 22. Violfe, ScJmm. On violets. 23. Behenis, DC. On Siletie inflata. 24. albescens, Greo. On Adoxa moHchatelVmn. 25. Epilobii, DC. On ^. montamim, etc. 26. Grossularia% DC ; Gre?;. ^. 62. On gooseberry. 27. ci'assmu, P. On buckthorn. 28. Orobi, DC. On Orobus tuberosus. 29. Eupliorbise, P. On spurge. 30. Urticcc, DC. On nettles. 173. ENDOPHYLLUM, Lev. Peridium enclosed in the Icaf^ bursting irregularly. 1. Sempervivi, Lev. (wo. 476). On liouseleek. Fam. IV.— hyphomycetes. Filamentous. Fertile threads naked, for the most part free, especially above, or loosely compacted, simple or 338 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGY. branched, bearing the spores at their apices, rarely more closely packed, so as to form a distinct common stem. Okder 17. ISARIAGEI. Threads more or less compacted, plants assuming Hymeno- mycetous forms. 1 71. ISARIA, Hill. Receptacle elongated, floccose, without any distinct heads. Tips of threads only free. 1. fjirinosa, Tr.; Sow. t. 308. On dead puppc. 2. arachnopliila, D'Um. {no. 117). On dead spiders. 3. l)raclnata, ScJium. {jio. 30). On dead herbaceous stems. 4. citrina, P. (no. 31). On decaying Fungi. 5. intricata, Fr. (no. 118). On decaying Eungi. 6. Friesii, Motit. (no. 491). On dead twigs. 7. puberula, Berk. (no. 221, 7vU/i afiij.). On dead flowers of dahlia, 175. ANTHINA, Fr. Receptacle elongated, vertical, confluent Mith the stem, dilated above. Tips of threads only free. 1 . ilanunea, Tr. (no. 119). (Plate 21, fig. 3.) A. flavo-virens and brunnea arc both probably mere condi- tions of the mycelium o{ Hypoxylon coccineum, Bull. 17G. CERATIUM, A. and S. Receptacle branched, cylindrical, membranous, reticulated, subgelatinous, clothed with short fertile flocci, one in the centre of each reticulation. 1. hydiioides, J. and S. ; Grev. t. 168. STILBACEI. 339 177. PACHNOCYBE, Berk. Stem solid, filiform below, clavatc above, dusted with the minute spores. 1. subulata, Berk. Evg. Fl. I.e. p. 333 ; Sow. t. 386. /. 5. On dead herbaceous plants. 2. grisea, B. Eng. Fl. I. c. p. 334. On dead herbaceous stems. 3. acicula, B. I. c. On dead herbaceous stems. 4. albida, B. I. c. p. 335. On rotten wood. Order 18. STILBACEI. Receptacle subglobose, often stipitatc, clothed with mostly minute, diffluent, subgelatinous spores. 178. STILBUM, Tode. Stem firm, elongated. Head nearly globose. Spores mi- nute or elongated, involved in gluten. * Stem formed of interwoven flocci, more or less villous. 1. toraentosum, ScJirad.; Grev. t. 281, and t. Z junior. On TricJiia, etc. 2. aurantiacura, B. {no. 223). On dead elm-branches. 3. vaporarium, B. and Br. {no. 493). On wood, in stoves. Scarcely indigenous. 4. fasciculatum, B. and Br. {no. 492). On decayed wood. .5. ^mtiimmn, B. and Br. {no. 494). On dung. {Helotiitm fimetariim. P.) C. erythrocephalum, Ditm. I.e. t. 45. On dung. ** Stem rigid, mostlg black. 7. rigidum, P. {no. 32). On decayed wood. 8. piliforme, F. {no. 33). On decayed wood. 9. bicolor, P. On decayed wood. z 2 340 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGY. 10. anomaluni, B. {no. 34, mth nfuj.). On dead twigs. 11. nigrum, B. Ondend i:no2}/ionm pubescens. Spores subcylindric. 12. pellucidum, Sckrad. On wood and decayed Fungi. *** Slot/ soft, pellucid. 13. turbinatum, Tode. On soft decayed wood. 14. vulgare, Tode. On decayed wood. 179. ATRACTIUM, Fr. Stem firm. Head subglobose. Spores fusiform, elon- gated. 1. ilammeuui, B. andRaveiud, MSS. ()io. 757). On bark of living willows. 180. VOLUTELLA, Tode. Eeceptacle fringed or studded ^vith long hyaline bristles. Spores diffluent, gelatinous. 1. ciliata, Fr. Psilonia rosea. Berk, in Eng. Fl. I. c. p. 353 {no. 495). On potatoes, etc. 2. setosa, B. ^gerita setosa, Grev. t. 268./. 2. On wood, etc. 3. liyacintliorum, B. Psilonia liyacintlioruni, Fug. Fl. I. c. On dead bulbs. 4. Buxi, B. and B. Fusisporium Buxi, Fr. {no. 495). On box-leaves. 5. raelaloma, B. and B. {no. 49G). On Carices.* 181. TUBERCULARIA, Tode. Reeeptaele verrueseform, innate, clothed with a dense stratum of gelatinous, minute spores. 1. vulgaris, Tode; Sow. t. 294. On twigs, as currant. * There is reason to believe that these two last, as also Afraciimn JIammemn, are mere conditions of ascigerous Fungi. All the species of the following genus arc probably subject to a similar remark. STILBACEr. 341 3. granulata, P. ; Grec. I. 187. On fallen branches. 3. nigricans, Lk. On fallen brandies, etc. 4. persieina, BUm. I.e. t. 49. On pustnles oi yEcidia. 182. FUSARIUM, Lk. Receptacle discoid, innato-erumpent^ iraraarginate, clothed with diffluent subgelatinous spores. 1. lateritium, Nei-n {no. 249). On dead twigs. 2. trcmelloides, Grev. L lU. On dead nettle-stems. 3. roseum, Lk. On dead stems of mallows, etc. 183. MYROTHECIUM, Tode. Receptacle at length marginate. Spoi'cs diffluent, oblong, forming a flat or slightly convex, dark-green stratum. 1. roridum, Tode ; Grev. t. 140. On decaying plants. As the disc is at first covered, this is usually associated with Trichoderma, but its affinities seem to be with Stilbacei. 184. EPICOCCUM, Lk. Receptacle subglobose, vesicular, studded with large, some- times stipitate spores. 1. ncglectum, Desiu. Qio. 500). On various decaying plants. 2. Equiseti, J5. (Uredo Ecjuiseti, Enff. Fl.) The affinities of this genus are donbtful. 185. ILLOSPORIUM, Mart. Receptacle obscure. Spores irregular, falling away like meal. 1. roseum, Fr. ; Grev. I. 51. On the larger trcc-licliens. 2. carneuni, Fr. {no. 497). On Fidlldea canhia. 342 OUTLINES Ol' BRITISH FUNGOLOUY. 3. coralliuum, Roherge ; {no. 498). On Borrera tenella. 4. coccineum, Fr. {no. 499). On Pertasaria communis. 186. -iEGERITA, P. Receptacle obscure. Spores irregular, disposed iu short moniliform threads at the apices of flexuous, branched, ra- diating, compacted peduncles. 1. Candida, P. {no. 823, with a Jig.). On !)ranclics of willow, etc. Periola iomentosa is simply a condition of Fusisporium Solani. There is no peridium in ^gerita. Order 19. DEMATIEL Threads free, rarely collected into stipitiform bundles, more or less corticated and carbonized, as are frequently the simple or septate spores.^ 187. ARTHROBOTRYUM, Cesati. Common stem composed of jointed tlireads. Spores large, radiating so as to form a little head, dark, septate. 1. atrum, B. and Br. {no. 822, loith afg.). On dead nettles. 188. DENDRYPHIUM, Cd. Threads free, jointed, simple below, branched above. Branches and branchlets often monilioid. Spores septate, acrogenous, concatenated. 1. comosum, Jf'alr. {no. 520). On dead stems. * In the more typical species, there is a distinct membrane, which shells oH" ; and where this does not exist, the threads are dark and dingy, but never wliite, or of pure tints. DEMATIKI. 343 2. curtum, B. and Br. {no. 538, with ufuj.). On dead nettles. 3. laxiini, B. and Br. {no. 539, with a fir/.). On Inula viscosa. 4. gTiscuiu, B. and Br. {no. 540, tvifh aft/.). On nettlc-stcms, Curreij. Aberrant. 5. fumosuni, B. (Dact^vliuni I'uniosiiui, CV.). On dead Umhdlij'erai. 189. PERICONIA, Cd. Stem composed of fasciculate, compacted threads. Head globose. Spores fixed to the free apices of the threads. 1. glaucocephala, Cd. {no. 495). On decaying linen. 2. calicioides, B. Sporocybe calicioides, Fr. On dead herbaceous stems. 190. SPOROCYBE, Fr. Flocci septate, free. Heads globose, studded with spores. 1. byssoides, Fr. On dead herbaceous stems, etc. 2. nigrella, B. {no. 227, with a Jiff.). On dead grass. 3. alternata, B. {no. 227*, ] 2G, 2vith a Jiff.). On damp paper. 191. STACHYBOTRYS, Cd. Flocci septate, free. Branches bearing short, verticillate ramuli at their apices, forming a little head, and each termi- nated by a spore. 1. atra, Cd. {no. 817). On damp mill-board. 2. lobulata, B. {no. 228, wilh a Jiff.). On damp linen. 192. HAPLOGRAPHIUM, B. and Br. Flocci septate, free, black. Spores concatenate, hyaline. 1. delicatum, B.and Br. {no. 818). On dead stumps. 344 OUTLlXliS OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGY. 193. MONOTOSPORA, Cd. Flocci septate, free, black, bearing one or rarely two (by division) large, black, subglobose spores at their apex. 1. mcgalospora, B. and Br. (no. lh%,toitk a Jig.). Oil bark of yew. 2. spliaerocopliala, B. and Br. {no. 819, with n fg.). On dead stumps. 191. CEPHALOTRICHUM, Lk. Flocci free, septate, branched at the apex, and forming there a little globose tuft of hairs, on which are seated the spherical spores. 1. curtum, B. {no. 332, with a Jig.). On dead Carices. 195. CE3DEMIUM, Fr. Flocci free, dark, flexuous. Spores seated on s[X)rangiifurni bodies towards their base. 1. atmm, Fr. {no. 501). On fallen branches. 196. HELMINTHOSPORIUM, Lk. Flocci irregular, simple or slightly branched, bearing here and there raultiseptate spores, 1. Sinithii, B. and Br. {no. 507, toith afg.). On holly. 2. foUiculatura, Cd. {no. 331). On dead wood. 3. macrocarpum, Grev. t. 148./. 1. On fallen sticks. 4. subulatum, Nees. On oak-branches. 5. velutinum, Lk.; Ch-ev. t. 148./. 3. On rotten sticks. 6. fusisporiiun, B. Bug. Fl. I. c. p. 336. On rotten sticks. 7. naniim, Nees. On dead herbaceous plants. 8. simplex, Kze. On rotten branches. 9. Tiliaj, Fr. {no. 230). On lime. 10. Rousselianum, Mont. {no. 509). With Sporosdmma mirahile. UE.MATllil. 345 11. turbinatum, B. and Br. (no. 508,ici(/i afiff.). On dead wood. 12. obovatura, B. (no. 232, 7oi(h a fig.'). On dead wood. 13. delicatulum, B. (no. 233, with a fig!). On dead wood. 14. sticticura, B. and Br. (no. 758, with a Jig.). On dead gi-asscs, 15. Clavariavum, Desm. (no. 123). On Clavaria. 11)7. MACROSPORIUM, Fr. Flocci obscure or delicate. Spores erect, basal, pedicellate, with at length transverse and vertical septa. 1. Cheiranthi, Fr. On damp paper, decaying plants, etc. 2, sarcinula, B. (no. 125, with a Jig.). On decaying gourds. 3, concinnum, B. (no. 235, with a Jig.). On old willow-twigs. 4. BrassiccB, B. Eng. Fl. I.e. p. 339. On dead cabbage-leaves. 198. TRIPOSPORIUM, Cd. Flocci erect, jointed, bearing at their apices tri-radiate, articulated spores. 1, elegans, Cd.(no. 509). On deeortieated oak. 199. HELICOMA, Cd. Flocci erect, dark, jointed, bearing on their sides pale, flat, spiral spores. 1. MuUeri, Cd. (no. 510). On dead wood, 200. CLADOTRICHUM, Cd. Flocci erect, thick, branched. Upper joints cup-shaped or inflated. Spores large, septate. 1. triseptatum, B. and Br. {no. 511, ?cith a Jig.). On old stnmps. 3J;6 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGY. 201. POLYTHRINCIUM, Kze. Flocci moniliform. Spores springing from the midst of the flocci, didymous. 1. trifolii, Kze. ; Grev. t. 21G. On living clover-leaves. 202. CLADOSPORIUM, Lk. Flocci flexuous, more or less branched, jointed, flexible. Spores short, at. length nniseptate, springing from the sides or terminal. 1 . herbarum, Lk. On all kinds of decaying matter. 2. dendriticum, Walr. {no. 512). On pear-leuves.* ji. orbicidatum, Desm. {no. 513). On leaves of Pyramntha. A va- riety of the last. 3. dcpressum, B. and Br. {no. 514, with Juj.). On leaves of yhujelica sylvesti'is. 4. brachoiinium, B. and Br. {no. 515). On leaves of Fumaria officinalis. 5. bgnicolum, Cd. {no. 516). On dead wood. 6. nodulosum, Cd. {no. 517). On dead herbaceous steins. Clad, fmnago is not a distinct species, but consists of C. herbarum mixed up with species of several other genera. 203. ARTHRINIUM, Kze.^ Flocci erect, septate, dark, and slightly thickened at the septa. Spores straight, swollen in the middle, and pointed at either extremity (fusiform). 1. sporophleiim, Kze. {no. 519). On Ca rices. 201. GONATOSPOEIUM, Cd. Flocci erect, septate, thickened at the septa. Spores irre- * Actinonema Cratagi is merely a form of this species. t The threads in this and the two following genera arc carbonized only at the joints. MUCEDINES. 317 gularly biconical, cand in consequence soraewluit angular, at- tached in whorls. 1. puccinioidcs, Cd. («o.-23C, 519). Torula Kriophori, B. in Eiuj. Fl. On Carices and Enophorum. 205. CAMPTOUM, Lk. Flocci erect, septate, thickened at the septa, and black. Spores curved, dark, fixed in clusters at the apices. 1. curvatiim, Lk. {no. 518). On Scirpus ■s)/lcaticus. 206. SPORODUM, Cd. Flocci erect, septate. Threads of inarticulate spores moni- lifonn, seated towards their base. 1. couopleoides, Cd. {no. 5i3). On dead grasses. Order 20. MUCEDINES. Threads never coated with a distinct membrane, mostly white or coloured, more rarely dingy .^ 207. ASPERGILLUS, Mich. Threads erect, articulate, crowned with a globose head, producing necklaces of spores. 1. glaucus, Lk. On various decaying substances. 2. dubius, Cd. {no. 520). On rabbits'-dung. 3. can(H(bis, Lk. On various decaying substances. * Perhaps Dematiei should bo restricted to such genera as Helmintho^ponum, CEklemia, etc., and Mucedinei to the wliite and coloured species, a distinct order, iuchidinfi the aberrant forms of eitlior order. 348 OUTLINES OF BlUTISII FUNGOLOGV. 4. roscus, Lk. On damp paper, carpets, etc. 5. mollis, B. ; Eng. Fl. I. c. j). 340. On dead leaves. 6. virens, Lk. On Agarics. 208. NEMATOGONUM, Desm. Threads clavatc at tlie apices, and bearing necklaces of spores on distinct scattered spicules. 1. anrantiacum, Desm. {no. 237, with a fig.). On bark, etc. 2. aureum, B. Aspergillus aureus, B. in Eng. Fl. On bark. 209. RHINOTRICHUM, Cd. Threads erect, articulate, clavate above, and bearing spores attached to spicules. 1. Bloxami, B. and Br. {no. 541, with a fig.). On dead wood. 2. Thwaitesii, B. and Br. {no. 542, with a fig.). On the naked ground. 3. Opuntia, B. and Br. {no. 761, icith a fig.). 210. BOTRYTIS, Mich. Threads septate, irregularly or dichotomously branched, hyaline or coloured. Spores terminal. 1. Tilletii, Besm. {no. 529). On leaves, naked soil, etc. 2. citrina, B. (no. 27, with a fig.). On dead twigs. 3. Jonesii, B. and Br. {no. 760, with a fig.). On dung. 4. terrestris, P. {no. 240) ; Grev. I. 257. On the naked ground. 211. PERONOSPORA, Cd.,* Ca.y). Parasitic threads mostly inarticulate. Spores of two kinds : * Since the discovery of the second form of fruit, of which Corda know nothing, it is expedient to adopt liis generic name, wliicli I do with reluctance, as P. parasitica seems more entitled to the name of Botri/tis than other allies, after Polyaclis is removed. Corda' s Peronospora, moreover, included only such species as have nou-se])tate tln-eads. MUCEDINES. 349 ], on the tips of tlic branchlet ; 2, large, globose, on the creeping spawn. {Artotroyus, ]VIont.) 1. parasitica, Cil. ; Sow. t. 400. /. 7. On Cruciferce. 2. destructor, Casp. (no. 239, toUk a Jiff.). On leaves of onions. '6. infestans, Casp. (no. 521). On potatoes, producing the well-known potato murrain. 4. ganglioniformis, Casp. {no. 526). On lettuces. 5. arborescens, Casp. {no. 525). On poppy. 6. Yiciae, Casp. {no. 524). On peas, tares, etc. 7. Ui-ticae, Casp. {no. 522). On nettles. 8. Arenariae, Casp. {no. 523). On Arenaria trinervis. 9. macrospoi-a, Casp. {no. 537). Botrytis crustosa, i^/-. On Umbellifers. 10. grisea, Unger{7io.h2%). On Veronica Beccahunga. 11. effusa, Casp. On spinach. 12. violacca, B. On petals of Scabiosa arvensis. 13. curta, Casp. {no. 12S,iviik a Jig.). On anemone. 212. VERTICILLIUM, Lk. Flocci septate, hyaline or eoloured. Branches verticillate. Spores apical. 1. apicale, B. and Br. {no. 531, ?cUk a fig?}. On fallen oak-branches. 2. nanum, B. and Br. {no. 532, with a fig). On pears. 3. epimyces, B. and Br. {no. 533, with a fig.). On Elaphomyces. 4. distans, B. and Br. {no. 534, with a fig.). On dead herbaceous stems. V. lateritium appears to be only a condition of Acrosta- 213. HAPLARIA, Lk. Flocci simple or forked, jointed. Spores scattered over the tips of the threads. 1. grisea, Lk. On decaying herbs. 350 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGY. 214. POLYACTIS, Lk. Flocci septate, brownish, branched above. Sjiores hyaline, in terminal clusters. 1. vulgaris, Lk. On decayed herbs. 2. cana, B. On decayed herbs. 3. vera, B. On decayed herbs. 4. cinerea, B. On decayed herbs. 5. fasciculata, Cil. On decayed vegetables. 215. PENICILLIUM, Lk. Flocci divided above in a fasciculate manner septate, as well as the branchlets, which are terminated by necklaces of spores, collected into tassel-like heads. 1. crustaceuni, Fr. On all kinds of decaying substances. 2. sparsum, Grev. t. 58./. 2. On stalks of plants. p. coremium, Grev. t. 301. On fruit, gum, etc. 3. bicolor, Fr. On decaying substances. 4. candidum, Lk. On various decaying substances. 5. roseum, Lk. {no. 535). On box, etc. 6. sid3tile, B. (no. 2^\,with a fig.). Inside of decayed willow. P. fasciculatmn {no. 129) is omitted as uncertain. 21G. OIDIUM, Lk. Flocci very short, producing a moniliform string of spores by tomi parous division. 1. chartaruni, Lk. {no. 130). On damp paper. 2. aureum, Lk. On dead wood, etc. 3. fulvum, ZA-. On dead wood. 4. fructigcnuni, ScJirad. On decayed fruit. 5. fasciculatum, B. On decayed oranges. Ci. Porriginis, Mont. {no. 546). On Forrujo lupinosa. MUCEDINES. 351 7. favorum, B. and Br. (no. 762, wiik ajig.). On honeycomb. 8. acquivocum, B. and Br. {no. 821). On Polyporus Schweinitzii* 9. concentricum, B. and Br. {no. 547). Cyliudrosporium, linger. On nettles, ground ivy, etc. 10. abortifaciens, B. (Ergotctia, Quekett). On plants infested with Er- got. Possibly a conidiiferous condition of Cordiceps imrpurea^tic. 217. MONILIA, Hill. Flocci erect, jointed ; head none ; bearing fasciculate neck- laces of spores at their apices. 1. fasciculata, Cd.; Grcv. t. 32. On dead grass. 2. racemosa, Fart ; Boll. t. 132. /. 2. On decaying substances. 218. DACTYLIUM, Nees. Flocci erect, jointed, branched, bearing at the tips of the branchletSj either scattered or in tufts, septate spores. 1 . pyriferum, Fr. On decayed herbaceous stems. 2. tenellum, Fr. {no. 536). On moss. 3. macrosporum, Fr. On dead leaves, etc. 4. sphferocephalum, B. {no. 243, with a fig.). On dead ivy. 5. dendroides, Fr.; Grev. t. 126. /. 1. On Agarichii. 6. obovatum, B. {no. 242, with a fig.). On willow-twigs. 7. roseum, B. Tricotheeium roseura, Fr. On decaying plants. 8. tenuissimum, B. {no. 537). On potatoes. Perhaps only a state of Fasarium Solani-tuberosi. 219. PUSIDIUM, Lk. Flocci coloured, very delicate, evanescent. Spores straight, filiform. * I have omitted 0. Tuckeri, O. Bahamii, O. eryn'qjhokles, O. Leucocoiiium, and O. monilioides, as they arc all mere states of dili'erent species of Erisyphe. 352 OUTLIxN'ES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGY. 1. griseiun, Lk.; Grev. t. 102./. 1. On dead leaves. 2. flavo-virens, i^r. ; Grev. t.lO'i. f. 2. On dead leaves, etc. 3. album, Besm. {no. 248). On dry but green oak-leaves. 220. SPOROTRICHUM, Lk.* Flocci ascending, tufted, septate. Spores simple, scattered, at first concealed. 1. clilorinum, Lk. On dead leaves. 2. aurantiacuni, G)-ev. On dung. 3. sulphureura, Grev. t. 108./. 2. On corks, etc., in cellars. 4. laxum, Grev. t. 108./. 1. On various decaying substances. /S. geochroum is the conidiiferoxis state of some Hypoxylon . 5. inosculans, B. in Engl. 11. I. c. p. 346. On Thdeplwrce. G. fenestrale, JDitm. I. c. t.\. On dirty glass. 221. ZYGODESMUS, Cd. Flocci short, erect, springing from the creeping sterile threads ; joints here and there cut halfway through. 1. fuscns, Cd. On decayed wood. 222. VIRGARIA, Nees. Flocci erect, dichotomous, virgate, black, septate. Spores minute, scattered over the branches. 1. nigra, Tr.; Grev. t. 274. On fallen branches. 223. BOLACOTRICHA, B. and Br. Flocci unbranched, jointed, curled at the top. Spores * It may be doubted whether there are any genuine species of this genus, whose characters are very uncertain. They are mostly couidiiferous states of other plants. MirCEDINES. 353 large, globose, shortly pedicellate, conglomerated towards their base. 1. g-risea, B. and Br. {no. 500, with a fir/.). On dead cahhage-stalks. 224. MYXOTRICHUM, Kze. Flocci branched, bearing towards their base little conglo- merated masses of spores. 1. chartarum, Kze. {no. 121). On damp straw. 2. deflexum, B. {no. 122, with a Jig.). On damp j)ap(>r and wood. 225. GONYTRICHUM, Nees. Flocci branched, here and there bearing knots, from which spring the verticillate, fertile, septate threads, crowned at their tips Avith a globose mass of spores. 1. caisium, iV(?es ; Cd. Ic. ii. /. 51. On fallen brandies, in woods. 226. MENISPORA, P. Flocci erect, jointed. Spores heterogeneous, acrogenous, fusiform or cylindrical, simple, at first joined together in bundles, then irregularly scattered over the flocci. 1. lucida, Cd. Ic. i. /. 223 {no. 533). On decayed wood. 227. CH^TOPSIS, Grev. Flocci erect, jointed, subulate, below branched and verticil- late, above simple and flagelliform. Spores cylindrical, spring- ing from the tips of the branchlets. 1. Wauchii, Grev. I. 236. On decayed wood. 228. ACREMONIUM, Lk. Flocci creeping, jointed, beset with short patent branches, each of w hich bears a spore. 2 A 354 OUTLINES OF HllITISH FUNGOLOOY. 1. vcrticillatum, Lk. ; Grev. t. 124./. 2. On dead wood. 2. alternatum, Lk. On dead leaves. 3. luscuui, ScJm.; Grev. t. 124./. 1. On dead wood. 229. GONATOBOTRYS, Cd. Threads erect, jointed ; articulations swollen in the middle, and bearing obovate spores on little spicules. 1. simplex, Cd. Pracld. t. 5. On fruit of Tamnm mgcr. 230. CLONOSTACHYS, Cd. Flocci jointed above. Branches and branchlcts quatcrnate, subcapitate, clothed with spores, forming distinct spikes. 1. Araucaria, Cd. ; Cnrr. Mic. Jouni. v. p. 126. On dead bark. 231. BOTRYOSPORIUM, Cd. Flocci slightly branched, bearing patent branchlets, each of which is surmounted by a few spicules bearing a head of spores. 1. piilehruni, Cd. Praclit. ^.15. On decaying herbs. 2. diirusum, Cd.; Grev. t. 12()./. 2. On decaying herbs. 232. PAPITLASPORA, Freuss. Flocci decumbent, jointed, producing short erect branches, each of which produces a cellular head studded with erect spores, the endochromc of which is bipartite or quadri- partite. 1. sepedonioides, Prenss. {no. 701*). On rice paste. 233. RHOPALOMYCES, Cd. Flocci free, septate, swelling at the tip into an areolate SEPEDONIEI. 355 head, each cell of which bears a spicule, surmounted by a spore. 1. pallidas, B. and Br. {rio. 504-, with a fig.). On Russian matting. 2. candidus, B. and Br. {no. 505, with a fig.). On decayed hops. Order 21. SEPEDONIEI. Mycelium floccose. Fertile flocci obscure, and in conse- quence the spores rest upon the matrix.^ 234.. SEPEDONIUM, Lk. Spores large, simple and globose, or appcndiculate. 1. cluysospermum, Lk. ; Grev. t. 198. Ou Boleti. 2. roseum, Fr. {no. 132). On Agarlms vellereus, etc. 235. FUSISPOmUM, Lk. Spores elongated, fusiform, curved, at length septate, form- ing a gelatinous mass. 1. Betas, Desm. {no. 246). Ou beet-root. 2. Georginse, Berk. Ou tubers of dahlia. 3. udum, B. {no. 245, with a fig.). On trees, in spring. 4. roseolum, Steph. {no. 549). On decayed potatoes. 5. foeni, B. and Br. {no. 550). Ou hay. 6. bacilligerum, B. and Br. {no. 548). On leaves of Alaternm. 7. atro-virens, B. in Eng. M. I. c.p. 351. Ou onions. 8. aurantiacum, Lk. On decayed gourds, etc. 9. insidiosum, B. in Gard. Chr. ISGO. On Agrodis pnJcheUa. This species has threads very like those of /Egerita. * Tlio spores arc the principal I'lomeiit in this Order, wiiieli approaelics Coniomycctes. 2 A 2 356 OUTLINICS OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGY. 10. Solaiu-tul)ci-osi, Mart. On dccayiug potato(3s. This is Periola tomentosa, Fr., or at least the perfect eoncli- tion of it. As iu the last, the flocci are too much developed to be consistent with the characters of the Order. 230. EPOCHNIUM, Lk. Sterile flocci creeping, fertile obsolete. Spores septate, at- tached apparently to the matrix. 1. iiiacrosporoidcum, B. {no. 131, loifk a fig.). On dead liiljes. 237. PSILONIA, Fr. Flocci persistent, joined into an erumpent mass, at first covering the simple spores. 1. nivea, Fr. {no. 822). On beech-trunks. 3. gilva, Fr. On dead lierbaceous stems. 3. Ariuidinis, Desm. {no. 35 andh^\). On dead leaves and stems of reeds. Order 22. TBICRODERMACEI. Flocci covering the spores, and forming a kind of peridium, which at length vanishes in the centre. 238. PILACRE, Fr. Stem solid, cylindrical. Head globose, composed of flexu- ous, branched, radiating threads. Spores produced near the tips, forming a dusty mass. 1. faginea, B. and Br. {tio. 380, roith afg.). On beech-sticks. 2. Petersii, B. and Curl. {no. 824). On hornbeam. Smell like that of Hgperknm Andronccmnm. TllICHODKK.MACEI. 357 239. INSTITALE, Fr. Stem none; common mass containing many cavities filled with spores. 1. effusa, Fr. {no. 756). At roots of Scotch fir. /, acariformis is merely a state of Hyjjoxylon cocdncwn, and /. radiata of Coprinus radiatus. 240. TRICHODERMA, P. Peridiura spurious, indeterminate, roundish, composed of interwoven even flocci, at length vanishing in the centre. Spores spread over the disc. 1. viride, P.; Grev. t. 211. On dead wood, etc. Probably not au- tonomous. 241. ARTHRODERMA, Ctirr. Peridium spurious, indeterminate, roundish, composed of interwoven, strongly constricted, jointed flocci. Spores col- lected in the centre. 1. Cun-eyi, £.; Micr. Journ. ii. p. 240, On dead leaves and sticks. Reasons have been given above for not jjlacing Myxothe- cium here. Myxormia has too compact an excipulum to be placed with Myxoihec'mm, or in this place. Fam. v.— ascomycetes. Fruit consisting of sporidia, mostly definite, contained in asci, springing from a naked or enclosed stratum of fructifying cells, and forminsr an hvmenium or nucleus. 358 OUTLINES OF BUITISII FUNGOLOGY. Order 23. ELVELLACEI. Hymcuiurn at length more or less exposed. Substance soft. 242. MORCHELLA, Dill. Receptacle clavate or pileate, impervious in the centre, sti- pitate, covered with the hymcnium, which is deeply folded and pitted. 1. M. esculenta, P. ; pileus ovate, aduatc at the base; ribs firm, anastomosing, and forming deep pits; stem even. (Plate 21, fig. b.)—Grev. t. 68; Huss. i. t. 13. In woods, gardens, etc. Esculent. Varying much in breadth and height, sometimes conical [no. 553), sometimes almost cylindrical. 2. M. patula, P. ; pileus obtuse, free halfway up ; pits rhomboid; stem even. — Sow. t. 51, in part. In woods, etc. Rare. 3. M. semilibera, DC ; pileus conical, free halfway up ; ribs longitudinal, forming oblong pits, which are veined with- in ; stem even. — Grev. t. 89. Under hedges, etc. Not uncommon. 243. GYROMITRA, Fr. Receptacle inflated, bullate, rough with raised gyrose ribs. 1. G. esculenta, Fr.; pileus inflated, irregular, undulated, gyroso-rugose, brown ; margin united with the even villous stem : [no. 825.) In pine-woods. Rare. Wcy bridge, F. Currey. 211. HELVELLA, L. Receptacle pileate, hanging down over the stem, concave and barren below. Hymenium even. ELVIOLLACKI. 359 1. H. crispa, Fr. ; pilcus dcflcxcd, lobcd, at length free, crisped, pallid; stem fistulose, costato-lacunose. (Plate 21, fig. 1.)— Grey. /. 143; Sow. t. 39. In woods. Common. Esculent. 2. H. lacunosa, Afz. ; pilous inflated, lobed, cinereous- black ; lobes deflexcd, adnate ; stem fistulose, costato-lacu- nose. — Grev. t. 36. In woods. Common. Esculent. //. sulcata {no. 7G4) is, I believe, only a form of this. 3. H. elastica, Bull. ; pilcus free, even, inflated, at length acutely lobed ; stem elongated, slender, attenuated, pruinose. —Sow. ^.154: [no. 86.) In woods. Not uncommon. Approaches very near to Peziza macropus. 4. H. ephippium, Lev. ; small ; pileus dcflexed, lobed, de- cidedly velvety beneath : [no. 552.) On the ground, in woods. Not uncommon. Scarcely one inch high. 245. VERPA, Swariz. Receptacle clavato-pileate, hollow below and inflated, or conical and adpressed, equally dcflexed all round ; hymenimn rugulose, but not costate, or nearly even. 1. V. digitaliformis, P.; pileus eampauulate, finger- shaped, rugulose, umber; stem equal, minutely squamulos(> transversely. (Plate 21, fig. 6.) Under hedges, llarc. King's Clifie. Suftblk, Skepper. 2. V. conica, Soiv. ; pileus campanidate, nearly even, brown ; margin slightly sinuatcd, yellow beneath, as is also the equal stem. — Soiv. t. 11. On the ground. Very rar(\ 360 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGY. 246. MITRULA, Fr. Soft and fleshy, simple, capitate. Stem distinct. Hyme- nium surrounding the inflated club. 1. M. cucullata, Fr.; head ovate, hood-shaped, even, sub- ferruginous; stem thread-shaped. — Grcv. t. 81. Amongst flr-leaves. Often overlooked from its small size. 2. M. paludosa, Fr. ; head ovate, obtuse, inflated, even, orange; stem pale, hollow. — Grev. t. 312; Huss. i. t. 9. On leaves, in ditches, etc. Local. Capel Curig, in great abundance. Extremely pretty. 247. SPATHULARIA, P. Disc capitate, compressed, running down into the stem on either side. 1. S. flavida, P. ; head spathulate, compressed, even, yel- low ; stem whitish. (Plate 21, flg. 7.) — Qrev. t. 165. In fir- woods. Not uncommon. 248. LEOTIA, Hill. Receptacle pileate, supported in the centre by the stem ; margin revolute, covered everywhere with the smooth, some- Nvhat viscid hymeniura. 1. L. lubrica, P. ; tremelloid ; pileus swollen, waved or slightly lobed, yellow-green ; stem hollow, nearly equal, yel- low. (Plate 22, fig. 1.)— G/^y. t. 56. In woods. Common, h. infundibuliformis is merely some Agaric attacked by an Hypocrea. 2. L. nana, Fr.; small; pileus lobed, rugose, white, even KLVELLACEI. 361 beneath and brown; stem stuflcd, cylindrical, white. — Wil/>, iv. p. 296. Amongst moss. Pendarvis. Not observed since the time of Withering. 249. VIBRISSEA, Fr. Receptacle capitate, supported in the centre by the stem, covered above with the hymenium. Margin adnate to the stem. Asci and filiform sporidia bursting forth, and rendering the hymenium velvety. 1. V. truncorum, i'V, ; simple; head orbicular, golden- yellow; stem cylindrical, glaucous, turning black : {no. 305.) On wood, in water. Rare. Llyn Howel, liev. T. Sa/wey. Scottish Highlands, 250. GEOGLOSSUM, P. Receptacle clavate, simple, confluent with the stem. Hy- menium surrounding the club. * Sfem didinct. 1. G. viride, P.; verdigris-green; stem squamulose. — Grev. ^ 211. In woods. Not common. 2. G. olivaceiun, P. ; smooth, dry, dingy-olive ; club com- pressed, distinct: {no. 765.) b. Dingy-purple. (Plate 21, fig. 3.) On lawns. Not common. Bath. Coed Coch, The plant figured agrees with Persoon's plate in form and general cha- racter, but is rather dingy-purple than olive. G. atro-purpureum has a more distinct head, and has a scaly stem. Mr. Broome's plant difl'ers slightly in colour from mine, and is nearer to G. viride. 3G2 OUTLINES OF lUUTISll FUNGOLOGV. 3. G. glutinostun, P. ; smooth, viscid, at length hlackish ; stem distiiiet, glutinous, even. Grassy places. Hare. Appin, Capt. Carmichael. 4. G. glabrum, P. ; smooth, dry, at length black ; stem squamulose. Grassy places. Not common. ** Steiit covjlmnt. 5. G. hirsutum, P. ; black, hairy. (Plate 22, fig. 2.) Amongst grass. Common. 6. G. dififorme, Fr. ; black, smooth, dry ; head confluent with the stem. Amongst grass. Common. 251. PEZIZA, L. Cup-shaped ; cup more or less concave, soon open. Disc naked. Asci fixed. Series 1. Aleukia, Fr. — Fleshy, or hehveen fleshy and mem- branaceous, externally jjruiyiose or floccoso-furfuraceous. Mostly growing on the ground. Subgenus 1. Discina, Fr. — Cup always open, or conuivent when young. Veil superficial. 1. P. (Discina) acetabulum, L. ; eyathiform, dingy, adorned externally with ribs, which run up from the short laeunose stem. — Soiv. t. 59. On the ground, in spring. Not common. A^ery elegant. 2. P. (Discina) venosa, P. ; sessile, more or less twisted, dark umbcr-brown, white beneath ; disc coarsely wrinkled. (Plate 22, fig. Q.)—Grev. t. 156; Huss. ii. /. 7. On the ground, in spring. Not uncommon. A curious form is represented in the Plate. ELVELLACEI. 363 3. P. (Discina) badia, P.; nearly sessile, entire, flexuous, l)rown ; margin at first involute, paler, and inclining to olive, externally pruinose. (Plate 22, fig. 4.) — Huss. ii. t. 13. Margins of ponds, ete. Summer. Very variable in colour. 4. P. (Discina) leporina, Batsch ; somewhat stipitate, elon- gated at one side, car-shaped, subferruginous, externally mealy ; hymenium and base mostly even. On the ground, in woods. Not common. Sometimes ci- nereous or yellowish. 5. P. (Discina) onotica, P. ; somewhat stipitatc, elongated at one side, ear-shaped, mealy externally, rose-coloured or orange within, and at length rugose. — Soiv. t. 79. On the ground, in woods. Rare. Coed Coch. Very beautiful. 6. P. (Discina) aurantia, Fr. ; nearly sessile, irregular, ob- lique, orange, whitish externally and somewhat pruinose. — Soiv. t. 78 ; Huss. i. t. 37. On the ground, in woods, generally near old stumps. Common. Sporidia rough. 7. P. (Discina) eochleata, Hulls. ; sessile, csespitose, large, twisted, umber, externally pruinose. — Soiv. t. 5. Amongst grass. Not common. 8. P. (Discina) succosa, B. ; cup nearly regular, entire, pale waxy-brown, externally white and pruinose; juice bright- yellow : {no. 156, loithfy.) On the ground, in gardens. Northamptonshire. 9. P. (Discina) repanda, IVaJil. ; large, incised, waved, brown, and somewhat wrinkled within, whitish and mealy without; base elongated, rooting. — Grev. t. 59. On the ground and on stumps. Not common. Variable in size. 10. P. (Discina) cerca, Sow. ; large, infundibuliform, waved. 364 OUTLINES OF lUlITISlI FUNGOLOGY. yellowish^ extcrually dirty-white, as well as the villous, stem- like base. — Sow. t. 3. On tan-beds, etc. Very rare. 1 1 . P. (Discina) vesiculosa, Bull. ; large, entire, sessile, at first globose, inclining to top-shaped, connivent, tlien campa- nulatc; mouth subcreuatc, pallid-brown, externally furfura- ceous. — Grev. t. 107; Sow. t. 4. On dunghills and hotbeds, extremely common. Bolt. t. 175 is probably this species. 12. P. (Discina) micropus, P. ; middle-sized, oblique, pal- lid, sqiiamulose, furfuraceous externally; base stem-like. (Plate 22, fig. 5.) On beech-stumps. Very rare. Fineshadc, Northampton- shire. 13. P. (Discina) pustulata, P. ; sessile, subglobose, pal- lid, somewhat dingy, furfuraceous, and dirty-white externally ; margin entire. — Heclw. Muse. Fr. ii. t. % A : {no. 307.) On the ground. Very rare. 14. P. (Discina) radula, B. and Br. ; large, cup-shaped, sessile, at length depressed, externally black, rough with nearly equal warts, within vinous-brown ; sporidia globose, tuberculate. — Ann. of Nat. Hist, xviii. p. 77. On the ground, in Avoods. Very rare. Bristol. Analogous to Genea verrucosa. 15. P. (Discina) viridaria, B. and Br.; middle-sized; my- celium floccose, expanded, white ; cups at first globose, then hemispherical, at length expanded, watery-grey, externally rough with brown furfuraceous particles : {no. 555.) On damp walls and water-butts. Rare. King's Clific. 16. P. (Discina) luteo-nitens, 7J. «/«^ i^y.; crowded, bright- yellow ; cups concave, nearly regular, at length flexuous : {no. 556.) ELVKI.LACTCI. 365 On the bare ground. Rare. King's Clitl'e. At first sight apparently a variety of P. aurantia, but the sporidia are not rough. Subgenus 2. Geopyxis, Fr. — Veil innate. Cup when young subglobose, closed, then open and orbicular. Substance fleshy, rarely fibrous. 17. P. (Geopyxis) macropus, P.; cup hemispherical, cine- reous, hirto-verrucose ; disc mouse-coloured, turning pale ; stem very long, attenuated. — Grev. t. 70. On the ground, in woods. Common. 18. P. (Geopyxis) tuberosa, Bull. ; thin ; cup funnel- shaped, bright brown, turning pale ; stem elongated, spring- ing from an irregular black tuber. — Sow. t. 63 ; Huss. 11. t. 10. On the ground, in woods. Spring. Not uncommon. Tuber exactly resembling some Sclerotium. 19. P. (Geopyxis) Eapulum, Bull. ; thin, yellow-brown ; cup funnel-shaped, nearly smooth ; stem twisted ; root elon- gated, fibrillose.— 5m//. /. 485. /. 2. On the ground. Observed only by Dickson. 20. P. (Geopyxis) cupularis, L. ; nearly sessile, thin, glo- boso-campanulate, fawn-coloured or pallid, mealy externally; margin crenate : [no. 308.) On the ground, in gardens, etc. Not common. Sometimes yellowish. 21. P. (Geopyxis) sepulta, Fr.; hypoga^ous, globose, clothed with dense woolly fibres ; hymcnium at length exposed by rupture of the upper portion : [no. 766.) On the ground. East Bergholt. A coarse, imsightly species. 22. P- (Geopyxis) Covmx\3\Qnsis, B. and Br.; middle-sized, sessile, fixed by down ; margin alone free, somewhat Ihit- 366 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGY. tened, miiuitcly villous externally ; hyraenium orange ; spo- ridia oblong, rather rough. On manured ground. Penzanee. 23. P. (Gcopyxis) saniosa, Schrad. ; sessile, eoncave, milky, brown-purple externally, pulverulent, umber : [no. 87, with a fiy.) On the ground, overrun with Thdephora scbacea. King's Cliffe. 24. P. (Geopyxis) argillacea, Soio. ; sessile, white, at length yellowish, even, at first urceolatc, at length split and torn, rooting at the base, and hairy. — Sow. t. 148. On modclling-elay. Observed only by Sowerby. 25. P. (Geopyxis) granulata, Bull.; sessile, minute, nearly plane, orange- red, externally granulated with papillae. On cow-dung. Very eoramon. Quite destitute of bristles. Subgenus 3. Humakia, Fr. — Veil thin, siibmarginal, llocculosc, fuga- cious. Cup sessile, entire, hemispherical, flattened. Colour bright. Terrestrial. 26. ratilans, Fr. On soil. 27. melaloma, A. mid S. {no. 88). On charcoal. 28. erecta, Sow. t. 369. /. 10, 11. On shaded ground. 29. Polytrichi, ScJium. (no. lQS,toU/i a Jiff.). On heaths. 30. leucoloma, Jteb. (no. 768). On the ground. 31. luunosa, Fr. (no. 768). On the ground. 32. glumarum, Desm. (no. 768). On chaff, rotting on tlic ground. 33. omphalodes. Bull. Thelephora carbonaria, i?e>-^e;*o. On burnt soil. Subgenus 4. Enccelta, Fr. 34. fascicularis, ^y. and S.; So?o. t. 425./. 1, 2. On brandies, burst- ing through the bark. 35. furfuracea, Fr. (no. 157). On aldev-branchcs. ELVELLACKI. 367 Series 2. Lachxea, Fr. — Veil distinct, decidedly villous, or pilose, persistent. Cup in consequence bristly or hairy, ahvays closed when youmj. Substance waxy, Jirtu, rarely Jleshy. Subgenus 4. Sarcoscypita, Pr. — Fleshy. Veil villous, 36. P. (Sarcoscypha) coceinea, Jacq. ; cup funiicl-sliapcd, whitisli externally, and clothed with short adprcsscd down ; disc scarlet. — Huss. i. /. li ; Grev. t. 171. On sticks. Spring. Local. Extremely beautiful. A cu- rious variety has been sent by Lady Orde from Kilmory, orange externally, quite smooth, and nearly sessile. 37. P. (Sarcoscypha) melastoma, Sow. ; cup fleshy ; disc urceolate, black, clothed externally with red flocci ; stem short, attached by dense strigose hairs. — Sow. t. 149 ; Grev. t. 315. On sticks lying on the ground. Rare. 38. P. (Sarcoscypha) radieulata, Soiv. ; subcrespitose, fleshy, sessile, hemispherical, then flattened ; disc sulphur- coloured, externally white, villous, as well as the thick root. — Sow. t. 124. On the ground. Very rare. 39. P. (Sarcoscypha) hemispherica, Wir/g ; sessile, hemi- spherical, waxy, externally brownish, thickly covered Avitli fasciculate hairs ; disc white, with a glaucous tinge. — Sow. t. 147. On the ground. Common. 40. P- (Sarcoscypha) brunnea, A, and S. ; sessile, hemi- spherico-dcprcsscd, sul)flexuous, brown, rough externally with short fasciculate hairs : {no. 309.) On the ground. Not common. 41. liirta, Schiim. (no. 708). On tlic ground. Not uuconunou. 3G8 OLTLT.VES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGY. 42. trechispora, B. and Br. ; Ann. Nat. Hist, xviii. p. 77. On the ground, in woods. Common. Scarcely to be distinguished from the last without the microscope. 43. vitellina, P. On the ground. Very rare. 44. scutellata, L. ; Sow. t. 24. On stumps of trees. Common. 45. cfEi-ulea, Bolt. i. 108. /. 2. On trunks of firs. 46. livida, Schum. (no. 558). On chips. 47. stercorea, P. ; Sow. t. 352. On cow-dung. 48. albo-spadicea, Grev. On the ground. Subgenus 6. Dasyscypha, Fr. — Cup thin, waxy, diy. Disc smooth, externally pilose or villous. Hymenium thin. Substance sub- floccose. 49. ciliaris, Schrad. (no. 559). On dead leaves. 50. virginea, Batsch. On stumps, twigs, etc. 51. nivea, Fr. On stumps, etc. 52. calycina, Schum. On twigs and bark of conifers. 53. bicolor, Bull. On dead twigs. 54. cerinea, P. On old rails, branches, etc. 55. clandestina. Bull. On dead bramble. 56. caulicola, Fr. {no. 310). On dead herbaceous stems. 57. acuum, Fr. On dead pine-leaves. Scotland, Jerdou. 58. albo-violascens, A. and S. On lilac, etc.* 59. corticalis, P. {no. 311, 562). On dead bark. 60. tricolor, Sotc. t. 369./ 6. On bark. 61. Godroniana, Mont. Syll. j). 185. On bark. 62. melaxantha, Fr. On ftillen branches. 63. hispidula, Schrad. On dead wood. 64. Schuraacheri, Fr.; Grev. t.W. On dead wood. 65. rufo-ohvacea, A. and S. t. 11. /. 4. On dead bramble, 66. variecolor, Fr.; So?c. I. 178. On rotten wood. 67. episphseria. Mart. On Ihjpoxylon multiforme. * Mr. Jerclon finds a plant very closely resembling this on Ulex, with the fruit of a Cyphclla. It is probably a s{)onferous condition. ELVELLACEl. 309 G8. Pineti, Bntsclt. On fir-coiics. 69. papillaris, Bull.; Sow. t. 177. On dead wood. 70. hvalina, P. On stumps of trees. 71. sulphurca, P.; Grev. t. 83. On dead nettles, etc. 72. plano-umbilicata, Grev. On dead nettles. 73. villosa, P. On large dead llerhacea, as burdoek. 74. Grevillei, B. PaujI. PI. I. c. ^.198. On dead UmbeWferee. 75. Berkeleii, Blox. {no. 770). On dead UmbeUifcm. 76. aspidiicola, B. and Br. {no. 771). On PiUx-mas. 77. albo-testacea, Besm. On dead grass-leaves. 78. apala, B. and Br. {no. 561). On dead rushes. 79. Clavariaram, Besm. {no. 563). On decaying Clavarue. 80. strarainum, B. and Br. {no. 561). On wheat, etc.* Subgenus 7. Tapesia, Pr. — Cups waxy or subcoriaceous, crowded into a sort of crust-like stratum, or sitting on atomeutose subieulum. 81. anomala, P. On rails, etc. 82. aurelia, P.; Grev. t.ViS). On dead leaves, etc. 83. domestica, Sow. t. 351. On whitewashed walls. 84. Piggotii, B. and Br. {no. 769). On plaster ceilings. 85. caesia, P. On chips. 86. Chavetise, Lib. {no. 565). On chips. 87. eriobasis, B. {no. 312). On dead bark. 88. Bloxami, B. and Br. {no. 566). On chips, etc. 89. mutabilis, B. and Br. {no. 564). On Jira ccespitosa. 90. Eosae, P. {no. 10). On rose, sycamore, etc. 91. fusca, P. ; Grev. t. 193. On branches of various trees. 92. Johnstoni, B. {no. 313). On fallen branches. 93. sanguinea, P. {no. 11). On fir. * Peziza amorpha, P., is referred by Fries to Corficitim, but it has perfect asci. As I have not seen fresh specimens, I cauiiot determine to what genus it belonsrs. 2 B 370 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGGLOGY. Subgenus S. Fibkina, Fr. — Waxy or subcoviaceous, diy, at length smooth, at first marked with adpressed hairs. Margin torn or toothed. 94. rudis, B. (no. ^li). On shallow gravel and peat. 95. bolaris, Batsch ; Sow. I. 369. / 5. On willow. 96. siparia, B. and Br. {no. 772). On elm. 97. Ledi, A. and S. t. 10./. 7 (wo. 160). On Arhulus Uca-iosi. Series 3. Phialea, Fr. — Veil none. Cups wa.ry or membra- naceous, quite smooth for very rarely mealy or subtomen- tosej, soon open. Subiculum none. Subgenus 9. Hymenoscypha, Fr. — Cup subuiembranaceous, dis- tinctly stipitate. Hymenium distinct, thicker than the walls of the cup. 98. firma, P.; Sotc. t. 115. On sticks. 99. ciborioides, Fr. {no. 158). On dead leaves. 100. echinophila, 5?/W. t. 500. /. 11 {no. 567). On chestinit-husks. 101. coronata, Bull. t. 416./. 4. On stalks of plants. 102. inflexa, Bolt. t. 106./ 2 ; Soio. t. 306. On dead nettles. 103. striata, Fr.ino. 568). On dead stems. 104. Cacalise, Fr. {no. 569). On the common stock. 105. nitidula, B. and Br. {no. 570). On Aira caespiiosa. 106. cyathoidea, Bull. ; Soto. t. 369. / ] . On dead herbaceous stems. 107. caucus, Feb. t. 4./. 17 {no. 572). On fallen catkins. 108. Cun-eyi, B.; Jonrn. Linn. Soc. \. p. 147. On dead Jnncus. Subgenus 10. Mollisia, Fr. — I'reely evolved, smooth. Cups turbinato-stipitate or sessile, soft and waxy. 109. clavus, A. and S. {no. 575). On leaves, etc., in swamps. 110. vinosa, A. and S. On fallen branches. 111. atro-virens, P. On decaying wood. 112. cincrea, Batsch. On decaying wood, etc. ELVELLACEI. 371 113. Chailletii, P, On dead herbaceous stems. 114. splitttvioides, P. {no. 577). On Lychm dioica. 115. axillaris, Nees. On Splachnum imiioides. 116. xanthostigma, Tr. On fir-wood. 117. leucostigma, Fr. On soft rotten wood. 118. vulgaris, Fr. On fallen branches. 119. erumpens, Grev. t. 99. On sycamore-petioles. 120. atrata, P. On dead herbaceous steins. 121. cornea, B. and Br. {no. 578). On Carex jniniculata. 122. fusarioides, B. {no. 12). P. neglecta, Lib. On dead nettlc-steiiis. 123. micrometra, B. and Br. {no. 773). On dead rushes. Subgenus 11. Patellea, Fr. — Cup sessile, at first subimiate, but scarcely enimpent, waxy but tough, flattened, open, orbicular, niar- ginate, dry, lichenoid. 124. melanotheja, Fr. Ltd. Alph. On oak-branches. 125. compressa, A. and 8. On dead wood. - 126. lignyota, Fr. {no. 579). On dead wood. 127. flexella, Fr. On dead wood. 128. lecideola, Fr. On dead wood. 252. HELOTIUM, Fr. Disc always open, at first punctiforra, then dilated, convex or concave, naked. Excipidura waxy, free, marginatc, exter- nally naked. Subgenus 1. Pelastea, Fr. — Disc convex. Keceptacle hollow beneath or flattened. 1. fibuliforme, Fr. ; Boll. t. 176. On elm. 2. agaricinum, B. On decayed wood. 3. sclerotioides, B. On decayed wood. 4. aciculare, Fr. On old stum[)s. 5. subtile, Fr. On dead fir-leaves. 2 B 2 372 OUTLINES Ol' BlUTISH FUNGOLOGY. G. icruginosuiii, Fr.; Sow. t. 3-J-7; Grev. t.2\\. On fallen oak-branclips. 7. serotinum, Fr.; Bolt. I. 98. On sticks, etc., in watery piaces. 8. virgnltoriuu, Fr. (P. iVuctigena, BiiU.) ; Soic. t. 117. On twigs, acorns, etc. b. flavescens, Ilolmsk. t.W. On willow. 9. lutescens, Fr. {no. 826). On pine-branches. 10. testaceiira, B. (no. 576). On decaying linen. 11. conigenum, Fr. On cones of Scotch fir. 12. phascoides, Fr. On mosses. 13. acuum, Fr. On dead fir-leaves. Subgenus 2. Caly,cella, Fr. — At first turbinate. Disc concave. Stem firm when present. 14. tuba, Fr. ; Bolt. t. 106. /. 1. On fallen branches. 15. Buccina, Fr. On fallen pine-branches. 16. caly cuius, Fr.; Sow. t. 116. On fallen branches. 17. Aspegrenii, Fr. ; Sow. t. 369. /. 7. On wood. 18. citrinum, Fr. ; Sow. /. 150. On old stumps. 19. pallescens, Fr. On old stumps. 20. lenticulare, Fr. On old stumps. 21. ochraceum, jB. ; Grev. t. 5. On old stumps. 22. cribrosum, B. P. cribrosa, Grev. On sandy or gravelly ground. 23. claro-flavum, B. (Peziza, Grev.) On decayed wood. 2-1. salicellum, Fr. {no. 573). On willows 25. vcrsiforme, Fr. {no. 159). (Plate 2, fig. 6.) On ash-stumps. 26. subsessile, Schum. (Pez. helotioides, Fr.) {no. 573). On wood. 27. herbarum, Fr. On dead leaves. 28. epiphyllum, Fr. On dead leaves. 29. fagineum, Fr. On decayed twigs, straws, etc. 30. punctatum, Fr. ; Grev. t. 63. On dead oak-leaves. 31. Marchautise, Fr. (Peziza, B.) On fading M. heniisphcerica. ELVELLACEI. 373 253. PSILOPEZIA, B. Indeterminate, imraarginatc, agglutinate. Hyraenium al- ways exposed. 1. Babingtonii, B. (no. 554). On rotten wood. 254. PATELLARIA, Fr. Receptacle patellneform, margined, always open, llymenium even, subpersistent, but dusty from the breaking up of the asci. Asci fixed. 1. atrata, Fr. On dead wood. 2. rhabarbarina, B. (no. 89). On dead bramble.* 3. citrina, B. and B?: (no. 583). On rose-twigs, in a runnirig stream. 4. clavispora, B. and Br. {no. 774). On privet. 5. livida, B. and Br. {no. 775). On fallen fir-trees. 6. discolor, Mont. On fallen branches. 255. SPHINCTRINA, Fr. Excipulum almost horny, naked, pierced with a narrow, quite entire mouth. Disc at length dusted with the sporidia. 1. turbinata, Fr. ; Soio. t.SSQ.f. 1. On Pert/tsaria. 256. LAQUEARIA, Fr. Disc waxy, persistent, without any hypothecium, but covered with a horny, coriaceous, dimidiate, superior, deciduous exci^ pulum. Mouth contracted. 1. spliperalis, Fr. Stictis sphajralis, Si/sL Mi/c. On ash. 257. TYMPANIS, Tode. Receptacle margined, cyathiform, liorny. llymenium at first veiled, then breaking up. * Tliis belongs to Fries' genus Lacknella, but as he himself is imcertain as to its immediate affinities, I think it better to leave it in Patellaria. 374 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGY. 1. alnca, P. On alder. 2. Fraxini, Schwem. On ash, 3. conspersa, Fr. ; Grev. t, 335. On apple, hawthorn, etc, 4. saligna, Tode {no. 584). On privet. 258. CENANGIUM, Fr. Receptacle coriaceous, closed at first, then open, marginate, covered with a thick cuticle. Hymeniura persistent. 1. Eibis, Tr. {no. 585). On currant. 2. Cerasi, Fr. Ou wild cherry. 3. Prunastri, Fr. On sloe. 4. Aucupariffi, Fr. On mountain ash. 5. pulveraceum, Fr. On wood. 6. fuUginosum, Fr. On sallow. 7. feiTuginosum, Fr. {no. 161). On pine-branches cut green. 8. quercinum, Fr. On oak-twigs. 9. Eubi, Fr. ; Grev. t. 334. On raspbeny. 259. ASCOBOLUS, Tode. Receptacle orbicular, marginate. Disc patellaeform. Asci exploded. 1. furfuraeeus. P.; Grev. ^.307. On cow-dung. 2. vinosus, B. (Plate 23, fig. 4.) On rabbit-dung. 3. ciliatus, Schm. On cow-dung. 4. glaber, P. On cow-dung. 5. Trifolii, Eernh. On half-dead clover-leaves. 6. carueus, P. On cow- dung. 7. saccharinus, B. and Curr. On old leather. 260. BULGARIA, Fr. Receptacle orbicular, then truncate, glutinous within, at first closed. Ilymenium even, persistent, smooth. ELVELLACEl. 375 1. inquinans, Fr. (Plate 23, fig. 7.) On oak-trunks, etc. 2. sarcoides, Fr. (Plate 18, fig. 0.) On old stumps. 2G1. AGYRIUM, Fr. Receptacle compact, homogeneous, waxy, gelatinous when moist, iimate, sessile, sphaerical, even, smooth, and fructifying all round. Asci fixed. 1. rufiun, P.; Grev. t. 232. On old, dry fir-wood, 262. STICTIS, P. Receptacle obsolete. Hymenium even, determinate, orbi- cular and elliptic, immersed in the matrix, at first veiled. Subgenus 1. Eustictis. — Often margined, suborbieular. Hymenium persistent. 1. radiata, P.; Grev. t. 227. On wood, twigs, etc. 2. pallida, P. On wood. 3. microstoma, Carm. On wood, 4. nivea, P, («o. 167). On fir-leaves, 5. lichenicola, Mont. {iio. 163). On foliaceous Cenomyces. 6. hysterioides, Desm. {no. 3 l-i). On C'arices. Subgenus 2. Xylographa. — Elliptic or elongated. Hymenium deliquescent, 7. parallela, Fr. On dead fir- wood, 8. longa, Fr. On wood. Subgenus 3. Peopolis. — Waxy, firm, round or irregular. HynKMiiuin even, at length dusty. 9. versicolor, Fr. On pales, sticks, fir-cones, etc, 10. phacidioides, Fr. (tio. 162). On Arbidus Uva-ursi. 11. Waucliii, B. ; Grev. t. 20G, On willow-branches. 376 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGY. 203. ASCOMYCES, Mont, and Desm.* Pai-asitic. Receptacle uoue. Asci forming a thiii^ pulve- rulcut stratum, mixed with moniliform threads. 1. bullatus, 13. On pear-leaves. 2. defonuaus, B. On peach-leaves, causing one form of blister. 3. Trieutalis, B. On leaves of T. Earopcea. 4. Jnglandis, B. (Gymnosporiuui leucospermmn, Mont.) On walnut- leaves. Oedeb24. TUBEBACEL Hypogseous. Hymenium waved and sinuate, often intri- cate and closely packed. 264. TUBER, Mich. Asci short, saccate, disposed in sinuous veins. Sporidia elliptic, reticulate, often echinulatc. Peridium warty or tu- bercled, rarely smooth, without any definite base. 1. brumale, Mich.; Ann. Nat. Hid. t. 18. p. SO : {no. 320.) 2. Eestivum, Vitt. (Plate 23, fig. 2.) The common truffle of our markets. 3. macrosporum, Vitt. {no. 580). 4. bituminatum, B. and Br. (no. 586). 5. rufum, Pico (no. 322). 6. scleroneuron, B. and Br. (no. 582). 7. nitidum, Vitt. (no. 321). 8. puberulum, B. and Br. ; Ann. Nat. Hid. I.e. p. 81. 9. dryophilum, Tul. I.e. p. 80. * This appears to be the lowest form under which Discomycetes can appear, the way being made for it by Propolis. In outward aspect it has httle resem- blance to more typical genera. TUHERACEI. 377 265. CHOIROMYCES Vitt. Common integument^ even. Base definite. Asci clavate. Sporidia spherical. 1. incaiKlrH'onnis, I'ili. ; Ann. Nat. Hist. x\\\\. p. 80; Sow. t. 310. 266. AMYLOCARPUS, Curr. Common integument thick^ convolute. Asci soon absorbed, saccate. Sporidia globose, clothed with radiating threads, araylaceous. 1. enceplialoides, Carr. Pro. Roy. Soc. Jan. 1858. On chips, Swansea. 267. PACHYPHLCE3US, Tul. Common integument Nvar'ty, opening by a terminal aperture. Base distinct. Asci clavate. Sporidia spherical. 1. nielanoxantlius, Tal. {no. 319). 2. citrinus, B. and Br. ; Ann. Nat. Hid. xviii. p. 79. 3. conglomeratus, B. and Br. I.e. 268. STEPHENSIA, Tul. Common integument fleshy, cottony. Base distinct. Hy- menium intricate. Asci cylindrical. Sporidia globose, even, at length verrucose. 1. bombycina, Tul. {no. 310). 269. HYDNOTRYA, B. and Br. Common integument minutely papillose, not distinct. Hy- raeuium complicated with gyrose lacunae, leading to the sur- face. Asci oblong. Sporidia globose, tuberculatc. 1. Tulasuei, B. and Br. j Ann. of Nat. Hist, xviii. /a 78. 270. HYDNOBOLITES, Tul. Integument replaced by white, evanescent down. Hymenium 378 OUTLINES OF URITISII FUNGOLOGY. complicated with sinuous lacunae, ending at the surface. Asei elliptic. Sporidia globose. 1 . ccrebrifovinis, Tul. ; B. and Br. I. c. 271. SPH^ROSOMA, KL Common integument altogether wanting. Hymcnium ex- posed, even or rugose, solid or lacunose. Asci linear. Sporidia spherical. 1. ostiolatum, Tul.; Ann. Nat. Hid. xviii. p. Id. 272. BALSAMIA, Vitt. Common integument warty. Hymenium complicated with distinct lacunae not leading to the surface. Sporidia cylin- drical or oblongo-elliptic, even, pellucid. 1. platyspora, B. and Br. {no. 318). 273. GENE A, Vitt. Common integument warty, with an aperture at the apex. Hymenium waved and sinuated, but not forming an intricate mass. Asci cylindrical. Sporidia globose. 1. verrucosa, Vitt.; Ann. Nat. Hid. w'm. p. 78. 2. Klotzschii, B. and Br. I. c. 3. papulosa, Vitt. I.e. p. 76. 274. ELAPHOMYCES, Nees. Common integument thick, hard. Asci globose or obovate. Sporidia consisting of several concentric utricles. Internal mass of Fungus at length dusty. 1. anthracinus, Vitt. {no. 81). 2. variegatus, Vitt. {no. 212, E. uiuricatus). (Plate 23, fig. 3.) 3. granulatus, Fr. {no. 211). PHACIDIACEl. 379 OiiDER 25. PHACIDIACEL Receptacle more or less coriaceous or carbonaceous. Disc at length exposed by the regular or irregular fissure of the outer coat. 275. PHACIDIUM, Fr. Perithecium bursting irregularly in the centre, by valvular teeth. 1. Pini, Schm. On piuc-brandies. 2. carbonaceum, Fr. Oil willow. 3. Vaccinii, Fr. On Voce. Vitis-idcea. 4. coronatuiii, Fr. {no. 58). On dead oak-leaves. 5. deutatum, Fr. On dead oak-leaves. G. llubi, Fr. {no. 586). On dead bramble-stems. 7. repandum, Fr. On various living herbs. 276. HETEROSPH^RIA, Grev. Perithecium globoso-depressed, thin, black, at length open above and irregularly torn. Disc thick, placentceform. 1. patella, Grev. t. 103. On dead herbaceous stems. 277. RHYTISMA, Fr. Perithecia forming a confluent mass, opening by flexuous fissures. 1. maximum, Fr. ; Sow. t. 356. On willow. 2. AndromediB, Fr. On Andromeda pol'ifoUa. 3. salicinmn, Fr. ; Grev. t. 118./. 2. On willow-leaves. 4. acerinum, Fr ; Grev. t. 118./. 1. On sycamore- and mnple-leaves. 5. punctatmn, Fr. On sycamore-leaves. 6. Urtica), Fr. On dead nettle-stems. 278. TRIBLIDIUM, Beb. Perithecium labiate, splitting from the centre towards tbe circumference. 380 OUTLINES OF BUITISII FUNGOLOGY. 1. caliciiforine, Rtb. (no. 775). On oak-wood. 279. HYSTERIUM, Tode. Peritlicciuai labiate; border entire; orifice uarrow-liuear. Asci elongated. 1. pulicare, P.; Grev. t. 167. /. 1. On dead wood. 2. elongatum, Wuld. On dead wood. 3. curvatum, 'Pr. {no. 587). On dead rose and bramble. 4. lineare, Fr.; Grev. t. 167. /. 2. On dead wood. 5. Carmichaelianum, 5. ; Grev. t. 233. On smooth oak-bark. 6. Praxini, P.; Grev. t. 72. On dead asli-twigs. 7. conigenura, Moug. and Nest. On cones of Scotch fir. 8. Yaccinii, Carm. On stems of Face. Mi/rlilUi-s. 9. Rubi, P.; Grev. t. 24. On dead bramble. 10. Pinastri, Schrad.; Grev. t. 60, 26. On fir- and juniper-leaves. 11. melaleucum, Fr. ; Grev. t. 88. On dead leaves of Faccinium Fi/is- idcea. 12. commmie, Fr. (no. 588). On dead herbaceous stems. 13. typhinum, Fr. (no. 589). On dead T;yp/ia latifoUa. 14. arundinaceum, Schrad. On dead reeds. 15. culmigenum, Fr.; Grev. i. ST. On dead gi-asses. 16. maculare, Fr. ; Grev. t. 129./. 2. On leaves of Faccinium. 17. foUicola, i)-. ; Grev. ^. 129./. 1. On oak and ivy-leaves. 280. AILOGRAPHUM, Lib. Perithecia brauelied, opening with a narrow-linear fissure. Asci subglobose. 1. amplum, B. and Br. (no. 782). 281. ASTERINA, Lev. Perithecia semiorbicular, seated on a byssoid mycelium ; mouthless, at length splitting irregvilarly. Asci short, mostly subglobose. SPII^ERIACEI. 381 1. Babingtonii, B. Strigula Eabingtouii, i%. But. I. 2957. On living box-leaves. 282. LOPHIUM, Fr. Perithecia stipitatc, wedge-sliapcd, opening with a narrow, longitudinal fissure. Asci elongated. 1. clatnm, Grev. t. 177./. 2. On lir-wood. 3. nntiliuum, Tr.; Grev. t.Ml.f.X. On fir-wood. 283. STEGIA, Fr. Peritheciura orbicular, splitting horizontally ; operculum deciduous."^ 1. Ilicis, Fr. On holly-leaves. 284. TROCHILA, Fr. Disc innate, erumpent, placed upon a black hypotheciuni, persistent. 1. Craterium, Fr. Sphferia Cratcriniu, DC. On box-leaves. 2. Lauro-Cerasi, Fr. Pliacidium, Desm. On leaves of the common Portuo-al Laiuel. Order 2G. SPII^RIAOEL Perithecia carbonaceous or membranaceous, sometimes con- fluent with the stroma, pierced at the apex, and mostly papil- late. Hymenium diffluent. 285. CORDICEPS, Fr. Stroma vertical, fleshy. Fructifying head distinct, hyaline or coloured. Sporidia repeatedly divided, submoniliforra. * As far as Stegia Ilicis is concerned, this genus is possibly not different from Trochila, Fr. 383 OUTLINES OF BllITISlI FUNGOLOGY. 1. C. militaris, /<>.; clavatC; bright scarlet; head tubercu- lated ; stem equal. (Plate 23, fig. 6.) Oh pupae of moths, buried in the ground. Not uncommon. 2. C. entomorrhiza, Fr. ; head subglobose, brown ; stem slender. (Plate 23, fig. 5.) On pup?e and larvse of moths, buried in the ground. Rare. 3. C. capitata, Fr. ; head ovate, globose, bay-brown or yel- lowish ; stem yellow, at length blackish, erumpcnt. — Soiv. t. 354. In pine-woods, on Elaplwniyces granulatus. Rare. 4. C. ophioglossoides, Fr. ; head clavate, brownish-black ; stem olive, black, rooting. In woods, on Elaphomijces muricatus. Not common. 5. C. gracilis, B. ; head roundish-ovate, even, brown; stem rooting, elongated, cylindrical, somewhat flexuous. — Grev.t.^ij. On the ground, in moist, mossy places. Shetland. 6. C. purpurea, Fr.; minute, pale purple ; head subglobose ; stem short, straight, downy at the base. — Tul. Ann. d. Sc. Nat. ser. iii. vol. xx. t. 3. On grains of corn, which are converted by the mycelium into ergot. 7. C. microcepliala, TuL; minute; head globose; stem long, slender, flexuous. — TuL I. c. f. 4, 5, etc. On ergoted seeds of common reed. Sph. Hooker i probably belongs to this species. 8. C. myrmecophila, 5. ; ochraceous-Avhite ; stem thread- shaped, club ovoid, sterile below, ril)bed above: {no. 591.) — Cesati in Rabenhorst, Exsic. n. 1038. On an Ichneumon. Leigh "Wood, Bristol, C. E. B. 9. C. alutacea, Fr. ; clavate, tan-coloured, or nearly white ; head confluent with the stem. (Plate 23, fig. G.) In fir- woods, amongst Icavc-s and on furze. Local. SPH/ERIACEI. 600 286. HYPOCREA, Fr. Stroma liorizoiital. Pcrithccia tender, hyaline or coloured. 1. H. gelatinosa, Fr. ; convex, equal, opaque, dirty-white within; peritheeia prominent, darker than the stroma. On fir. Appin, Capt, Carmicliael. Variable in colour, yellow, green, umber, pallid, etc. 2. H. rufa, Fr. ; convex, irregular, red-brown, dirty-white within, wrinkled when dry ; ostiola slightly prominent. On oak, etc. Not uncommon. 3. H. riccioidea, B. ; large, fleshy, deeply lobed, orange : {110. d5.)—Bolt. t. 182. On willow. Very rare. I have French specimens from Dr. Montague. 4. H. Vitalba, B. and Br. ; brown, convex, sometimes slightly lobed, confluent; peritheeia ovate; ostiola obsolete; sporidia fusiform, triseptate, appendiculate : {no. 829, with a h) On Clematis Vitalba. Bathcaston. 5. H. citrina, Fr.; fleshy, forming a thin, lemon-coloured stratum, dotted with the ostiola. — Grev. t. 215. On leaves, Avood, etc. Rare. 6. H. lateritia, Fr. — Merulius helvelloides, Sow. t. 402. On Fungi. Rare. 7. H. luteo-virens, Fr. {no. 594) ; Grev. t. 78. On Fungi. Rare. 8. H. farinosa, B. and Br. {no. 592) . On fallen branches. 9. H. floccosa, Fr. {no. 593). On Lactarius torminosus. 10. H. typhina, B. ; Grev. t. 204. On living grasses. 384 OUTLINES OF 15KITISH FUiNGGLOGY. 287. ENDOTHIA, Fr. Tied or tawny. Perithccia irregular, pallid, cellular. Asci ditHuent. 1. E. gyrosa, Fr. [Sjjhceria fluens, Sow.); subrotuud, con- fluent, orange, vermilion; stroma yellowish ; perithecia gyrose, pulverulent, at length slightly prominent. On bark. New Forest. 288. XYLARIA, Schrank. Vertical, more or less stipitate. Stroma between fleshy and corky, covered with a black or rufous bark. 1. X. polymorpha, Grev. ; subcarnose, gregarious, turgid, irregular, dirty-white, then black ; receptacle bearing perithecia in every part. — Grev. t. 237. On old stumps. Not uncommon. 2. X. digitata, Grev. ; between fleshy and corky, tufted ; heads cylindrical, reddish-brown, then black ; tips barren, acute; stem smooth. — Bull. t. 220. On wooden structures and stumps. Not common. 3. X. corniformis, Mont. ; corky, brittle, simple, cylindrical, curved, black, covered on all sides with perithecia; base sub- tuberous, villous. On fallen branches. Rare. Lancashire. 4. X. Hypoxylon, Grev. ; corky, simple or branched, com- pressed, at first pulverulent with white meal, then naked ; stem villous. (Plate 2i, fig. ^.)—Sow. t. 55. On stumps of trees, sticks, etc. Extremely common. 5. X. carpophila, Fr.; corky, slcnrler, simple; head subu- late, albido-pulverulent, at length black ; stem very long, root- like. On beech-mast. Very common. SPH/ERIACEI. 385 6. X. pedunculata, Fr. ; corky, slender, simple, springing from a sclerotioid base ; head ovate or subglobose ; {no. 93.) — Sow. t. 437. On soil, mostly attached to dung. Not common. 7. X. bulbosa, B. and Br. ; corky, simple or forked, brown, then black; stem cylindrical, bulbous at the base and spongy. (Plate 24, fig. 2.)—Pers. Obs. ii. t. 1. ./?>. 1. Amongst fir-leaves. Rare. Bath, C. E. B. 289. THAMNOMYCES, E/irb. Stem shrubby or siniplc. Perithecia formed of the same substance as the stem. 1. T. hippotrichioides, Ehrb.; branched, thread-shaped ; pe- rithecia scattered, papillate : {no. 91.) — Soiv. t. 200. On old sacks, matting, etc. Not common. 290. PORONIA, Fr. Between fleshy and corky. Fructifying surface margined, orbicular. Perithecia immersed, vertical. 1. P. punctata, Fr. ; stipitate, turbinate, externally black- ish ; disc truncate, dotted with the black ostiola. — Grev. t. 327 ; Soio. L 54. On horse- and cow-dung. Not uncommon. 291. HYPOXYLON, Bull. Stroma corky or brittle, convex or plane, immarginatc, at first clothed with a floccose veil, then with a black crust, dis- tinct from the matrix. Perithecia vertical or divergent. ii. Gluiosa. 1. H. ustulatum, /J«//. ; efiuscd, thick, undulated, rugose, pulverulent wlu-n young, whitish, cinereous in the centre, at 2 c 386 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGY. length rigid ; perithccia ovate^ furnished with a short neck. (Plate 24, fig. 3.) On rotten trunks. Common. 2. H. nummularium, Bull. ; determinate, quite plane, ex- ternally and internally black ; perithccia immersed, ovate ; ostiola globose, slightly prominent. — Bull. t. 468./. 4. On wood and bark. Not common. 3. H. luteum, Fr. ; orbicular, cup-shaped, black ; disc bor- dered, wrinkled ; stroma yellow, pulverulent ; perithccia in many rows, emergent: {no. 170.) On elder. Rare. 4. H. succenturiatum, Fr.; oblongo-pulvinate, immarginatc, even, black, greyish-brown within; perithccia ovate, scattered, irregularly emergent : {no. 830.) On oak-branches. Rare. 5. H. gastrinum, Fr.; ventricose, erumpcnt; stroma pallid; perithccia scattered irregularly, necks included; disc nearly plane, black: [no. bS)^.)—Sow. t. S7i.f. 9. On elm. Not uncommon. b. Fulvhiatce. 6. H. eoncentricum, Grev. ; large, subglobose, brownish, at length black, concentrically zoned within. — Boll. t. 180; Sow. t.im-, Grev. t. 324. On old ash-trees. Common. 7. H. coccineiim, Bull. ; globose, vermilion-brown, bright black within; perithccia ovate; ostiola at length prominent. — Grev. t. 136; Sow. t. 374. On beech, etc. Very common. 8. H. multiforme, Fr. ; irregular, at first rugose, rusty- brown, at length naked, black, cinereous- black within; peri- thccia at length prominent, papillate. (Plate 24, fig. 4.) — Sow. t. 355: Grev. t. 114. SPHiEKlACEl. 387 Oil birch, etc. Very common. Sometimes elliptic. 9. H. marginatum, B. ; hemispherical, confluent, at length black, of the same colour within ; each ostiolum seated in a little margined disc : {no. 595.) — Schwein. Journ. of Ac. t. 2. /.8. On decaying wood of British growth, in the conservatory at Chatsworth. 10. H. cohserens, Fr. ; confluent, convcxo-planc, at first even, dirty-brown, then black within ; perithecia at length rather prominent, papillate. On dead brandies. Not common. 11. H. argillaceum, Fr.; subglobose, clay- coloured, l)ro\vii- black within; perithecia slightly prominent, papillate: [no. 169.)— Fr. Obs. i. /. 2. /. 5. On dead ash-branches. Not uncommon. 12. H. fuscum, Fr.; convex, pulvinate, purple-brown, at length naked, black, black-brown within ; ostiola umbilicate. —Sow. t. 373. /. 9. On hawthorn, hazel, etc. Very common. c. Effusa. 13. rubigiiiosum, Fr. On decorticated trunks, etc. 14. atro-purpureum, Fr. On rotten wood, rare. 15. serpens, Fr.; Sow. t. 373./. 10; 372. /. 11. On dead wood. 16. coprophilum, Fr. (no. 596). On dung. 17. udum, Fr. On rotten branches. 292. DIATRYPE, Fr. Stroma partly formed from the matrix, and not distinct from it ; perithecia sunk, elongated above into a distinct neck, and frequently rostrate. a. Li(jiiosce. 1. bullata, Fr.; Bull. I. 122. /. 1. On willow. 2 c 2 388 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGY. 2. iindulata, Fr. {no. 831). (Grev. t. 223. f. 1, is doubtful.) On dead branches. 3. stigma, Fr. ,- Greo. t. 223./. 2 ; So^o. t. 137. On dead sticks. 4. disciformis, Fr.; Grev. t. 314. On dead sticks, especially beech. 5. aspcra, Fr. On oak. 6. favacea, Fr. {no. 17). On birch. 7. verrucseformis, Fr. ; Sow. t. 374./. 4. On dead sticks. 8. lanciformis, Fr.; Sow. t. ^1\. f. &. On bii-ch. 9. cpiercina, Fr. {no. 839). On dead oak-branches. 10. diyophila, Curr. (no. 832). On oak-twigs. 11. nucleata, Curr. {no. 833). On furze. 12. varians, Curr. {no. 834). On dead twigs. 13. denigrans, Curr. {no. 835). 14. Badhami, Curr. {no. 836). 15. inaequalis, Cu?r. {no. 837). On furze. b. Versatiles. 16. scabrosa, Fr. {no. 171). On maple. 17. Ulicis, B. {no. 599). On furze. 18. podoides, Fr. {no. 600). On dead branches. 19. ferruginea, Fr. On hazel. 20. flavo-vu'ens, Fr. ; Grev. t. 320. On bark or naked wood. /3. multiceps. Sow. t. 394. /. 8. 21. sordida, B. and Br. {no. 838). On oak-twigs. 22. Hystrix, Fr. {no. 840). On sycamore, etc. 23. ceratosperma, Fr. On rose, oak, etc. 24. stiannella, Fr. On gooseberry and currant. 25. pyrrhocystis, B. and Br. {no. 841, with afc/.). On hazel. c. Effusre. 26. incarcerata, B. and Br. {no. 842). On rose. 27. stipata, Curr. {no. 843). On elm. 28. elevata, B. and Br. {no. 844). On Euoni/mus. 29. leioplaca, Fr.; Sore. t. 374./. 1. On wood and dry branches. 30. lata, Fr. On dead wood. Very variable. SPH^RIACEI. 389 31. (Iccipiens, Fr. ; Soto. t. 297. On hornbeam. d. Circumscripta. 32. corniculata, B. and Br. {no. 845). On dead branches. 33. cincta, B. and Br. {no. 846). On dead twigs. 293. VALSA, Fr. Perithecia carbonaceous^ perfect, circinating, elongated into converging necks; ostiola erurapcnt, joined together, or ending in a common disc. 1. Priinastri, Fr. On dead sloe. 2. stellulata, Fr. On dead ebn-branches. 3. enteroleuca, Fr. On dead branches. 4. extensa, Fr. b. Khamni. On dead Rhamnus catharticus. 5. syngenesia, Fr. {no. 847). On dead elder. 6. Cratsegi, Curr. {no. 848). On dead liawtliorn-twigs. 7. detrusa, Fr. {no. 18). On dead berbeny. 8. fibrosa, Fr. On dead blackthorn. b. Licmce. 9. nivea, Fr. ; Soiv. t. 372./. 7. On dead poplar, hawthorn, etc. 10. leucostoma, Fr. On dead sloe. 11. Kunzei, Fr. {no. 601). On dead fir. 12. angulata, Fr. {no. 848). On dead Cytisns Laburnum. 13. luteola, Fr. On dead oak-branches. 14. microstoma, Fr. {no. 20). On dead sloe. 15. profusa, Fr. Ou dead Robinia. IG. dissepta, Fr. {no. 173). On various dead branches. 17. controversa, Fr. {no. 002). (Sphaeria, Besm.) On various dead branches. 18. dryina, Curr. {tio. 850). On dead oak-branclies. 19. concamerata, Curr. {no. 867). On dead oak-twigs. c. Obvallatce. 20. coronata, Fr. On dead oak, rose, hawthorn, etc. 390 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGY. 21. Abietis, Fr. On dead fir. 22. chrysostroma, F7-. (no. 22). (Sp. xantliostroma, ^fotlL no. 8QI, ?vUh afuj.). Oil hnzcl. 23. sufl'usa, Fr. = Sp. Cryptosporii, Ciin: Micr. Journ. m. }}■ 271. 24. leiphsemia, Fr. On dead oak-twigs. 25. turgida, Fr. On dead beech-twigs. 26. salicina, Fr. On dead willow-twigs. 27. ambiens, Fr. On dead hawthorn, crab, etc. 2S. stilbostoma, Fr. On various dead branches. 29. platanoides, B. S. phitanoides, Juct. On sycamore. 30. platanigera, B. and Br. (no. 851, wUk a Jiff.). On dead plane. 31. tetratnipha, B. and Br. (no. 852, wU/i afy.). On dead alder-twigs. 32. fenestrata, B. and Br. (tio. 853, with a jig.). On dead oak-twigs. 33. tetraploa, B. and Curt. (no. 854). On dead sticks. 34. rhodophila, B. and Br. (no. 855). On dead rose-twigs. 35. quernea, Ciirr (no. 856). On dead oak-twigs. 36. biconica, Curr. (no. 857). On dead branches. 37. pulchra, Curr. (no. 858). On dead branches. 38. tetraspora, C/irr. (no. 859). On dead willow. 39. intexta, Curr. (no. 860). On dead oak. d. Circinatrp. 40. pulchella, Fr. ; Grev. t. 67. On dead cherry and l)ircli. 41 . qnaternata, Fr. On dead beech. 42. furfuracea, Fr. On dead branches. 43. hypodermia, Fr. {no. 21 : no. 862*, wllh a /iff.). On dead elm. 44. convergens, Fr. On smooth bark. 45. hapalocystis, B. and Br. (no. 615, with a Jiff.). On dead plane-twigs. 46. bitorulosa, B. and Br. (no. 861, with a Jiff.). On dead hornbeam. 47. aglajostoma, B. and Br. (no. 862, tcith a Jiff.). On dead elm-twigs. 48. Innesii, Curr. (no. 863). On dead branches. 49. faginea, Curr. (no. 864). On dead beech-twigs. 50. tiliaginea, Curr. (no. 865). On dead lime-twigs. 51. vestita, Fr. (no. 866). On dead twigs. SPII^RIACEl. 391 294. MELOGRAMMA, Fr. Perithecia confluent with the stroma, more or less free above, destitute of any neck ; contents oozing out, and often forming cirrhi. 1. nibro-notatuin, B. and Br. {no. 894). On dead elm-bark. 2. oligospomm, B. and Br. {no. 895, tcHh af(j.). S. macrospora, Besw. On dead bark. 3. fusisporum, Fr. {Moug. and Nest. 274). On dead bark, 4. homaleura, Fr. Exs. 382. On dead bark. 295. DOTHIDEA, Fr. Perithecia none. Nucleus contained in globose cavities, immersed in the stroma, with a decided neck and papillseform ostiolum. 1. tetraspora, B. and Br. {no. 899, loitJt aftg.). On dead Daphne Lan- reola and Ulex. 2. ribesia, P. On dead currant- and gooseberry- branches. 3. Rosse, Fr. Sph. Dothidea, Fr. On living rose-stems. 4. Piggotii, B. and Br. {no. 660). On Parmella saxatiUs. 5. filicina, Fr. On dead P^ms aquilina. 6. striseformis, Fr. On dead Umbelliferce. 7. rubra, P. ; Grev. ^.120. On living sloe- leaves. 8. fulva, Holl. and Schin. On living leaves of Prunus Pad/is. 9. Ulrai, Fr.; Grev. L 200. /. 1. On half-dead elm-leaves. 10. betulina, Fr. ; Grev. t. 200. /. 2. On living bu'ch-leaves. 1 1 . Heraclei, Fr. On living leaves of H. Sphondylium. 12. Podagrarice, Fr. On living leaves of jEgopodium Podugraria.* 13. Trifolii, Fr. On living clover-leaves. 14. Junci, Fr. On half-dead stems and leaves of rushes. 15. Gnuninis, Fr. On half-dead leaves of grasses. * A Sphcsropsisy according to Currey. 392 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGY. 16. Caricis, Fr. (wo. G04). On half-dead Carices. 17. Jolinstoni, B. and Br. {no. 661), On leaves of Epilobium. 296. ISOTHEA, Fr. Nucleus without any perithccium, coloured or black, co- vered by the transformed substance of the matrix, or im- mersed in it. 1. rhytismoides, Fr. {uo. 178, with afg.). On leaves of Dry as. 2. pustula, B. (Phonia, Fr.) On oak-leaves. 3. saligna, B. (Phoma, Fr.) On sallow-leaves. 297. HYPOSPILA, Fr. Perithecia globose, black, mouthless, altogether iimatc, concealed by the blackened substance of the leaves, and when that falls away splitting across. 1. quercina, Fr. (Sp. bifrons). On dead oak-leaves. 2. popnliaa, Fr. (Sp. ceuthocarpa) . On dead poplar-leaves. 298. STIGMATEA, Fr. Parasitic. Perithecia globose, black, innate, slightly pro- minent. Nucleus firm, at first mouthless, then bursting with a roundish aperture. 1. conferta, Fr. {no. 177). On Vacc'mium uliginosum. 2. Geranii, Fr. (Dothidea). On Geranium sylvaticum. 3. Rannnculi, Fr. (Dothidea). On RatiuncuU. 4. Robertiani, Fr. (Grev. t. 146./. 1). On leaves of Geranium Robertianum. 5. Polygonoruni, Fr. On leaves o? Foli/ffona. 6. Alchemilla;, Grev. (Dothidea). On AlchemiUa. 7. Chsetoraium, F;-. («o. 200). Dothidea Chaitomium, A>c. On rasp- berry-leaves. SPII/ERIACEI, 0\fO 299. OOMYCES, B. and Br. Peritliecia erect, contained in a polished coloured sac, which is free above. Ostiola punctiform, apical. 1. cariieo-albus, £. and Br. {no. 590). Sphseria, Libert. On leaves of Aira caspitosa. 300. NECTRIA, Fr. Stroma none ; or, if present, bearing the naked, coloured perithecia on its surface. 1. CaspitosfiB. 1. ochracea, Fr. (Sphseria, Grev.) On dead twigs. 2. cinnabarina, Fr.; Grev. ^,135. On dead twigs. 3. cocciuea, Fr. ; Sow. t. 255. On dead twigs. 4. cucurbitula, Fr. {no. 174, 609). On dead branches. 5. sinopica, Fr. {no. 97). On dead ivy. 6. aquifolia, B. On dead holly. 7. inaurata, B. and Br. {no. 781*). On dead holly. 8. Ralfsii, B. and Br. {no. 780). On dead branches. 2. Byssiseda. 9. aurantia, Fr. ; Grev. t. il. On decayed Polypori. 10. rosella, Fr. ; Grev. t. 138. On decayed Fungi, etc. There is a distinct species confounded with this, which has not hitherto been published. 3. Villosce. 11. flavida, Fr. {no. 610). On decayed stumps. 12. funicola, B. and Br. {no. 611). On decayed rope. 4. Benudata. 13. Pexiza, Fr. (Plate 24, fig. 6.) On decayed stumps, etc. 14. Platasca, B. On touchwood. 394 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNOOLOGY. 15. sangiiinea, i^/'. ; Grev. t. 175./. 1, On sticks, wood, Hypoxyla, vie. 16. cpisphreria, Fr. ; Grev. t. 175./. 2. t. 50. On lhjpo.xyla. 17. Purtoni, Curr. {Grev. t. 50). On Valm Abietis. 18. ochraceo-pallida, B. and Br. {no. 607). On dead elm-branches. 19. muscivora, B. and Br. {no. 608). On mosses, which it soon destroys. 20. arenula, B. and Br. {no. GiZfWiih a fig?). On Aira caspitosa. 21. graminieola, B. and Br. (no. 897, wlt/i afif/.). On Aira caspitosa. 22. Bloxami, B. and Br. {no. 781). On dead herbaceous stems. 23. Helminthicola, B. and Br. {no. 896). On HelminthoHporia. 24. Rousseliana, Mont. {no. 898). On box-leaves, b. viridis. On box-leaves. c. fulva (ho. 182). On box-leaves, 25. umbrina, Fr. On dead bean-stalks. 301. SPH^ffiRIA, Hall. Perithccia black, pierced at the apex, mostly papillate, su- perficial or erumpent, without any stroma. Series 1. Supehficiales. a. Byssisedce. 1. thelena, Fr. On decayed wood, 2. aquila, Fr. {no. 180). On decayed wood and sticks. 3. Desmazierii, B. and Br. {no. 618, icilh a fig.). On the ground. 4. Dickiei, B. and Br. {no. 611, tcil/t a fig.). On living leaves of Linncea borealis. 5. tristis, Tode {no. 181, 618*). Ou dead sticks. 6. phaeostroma, Mont. {no. 605). On dead sticks. 7. biformis, P. On decayed wood and on the ground. 8. Racodium, P. On decayed wood. b. Villosie. 9. ovina, P. {Sow. t. 219). On decayed wood. 10. caesia, C'«;t. Linn. Tr. xxii. p. 316, On wood. SPH^RIACRI. 395 11. mutabilis, P. On decayed wood. 12. Brassieae, Klotzsch ; Curr. I.e. with a Jig. On dead cabbage-stalks. 13. scabra, Curr. I. c. p. 315, with a Jig. On furze. 14. canescens, P. On decayed wood. 15. strigosa, A. and S. On decayed wood. 16. hirsuta, Fr. On decayed wood. 17. callimoi7)ha, Mont. {no. 872). On dead bramble. 18. macrotricha, B. and Br. {no. 619, with a Jg.). On dead Carex paniculata and beech-mast. 19. Clisetomiura, Cd. {no. 620, with ajg.). On dead Carex pendula. 20. Eres, B. and Br. {no. 621, with a Jig.). On dead Carices. 21. exilis, A. and S. {no. 606). On pine-twigs. 22. calva, Tode. On decayed wood and branches. 23. pilosa, P. On decayed wood. 24. hispida, Tode ; Grev. t. 82. On decayed wood. 25. pellita, Fr. On dead herbaceous stems. 26. superficialis, Curr. I. c. p. 317, with a Jig. On fir-wood. 27. capillifera, Curr. I. c. with a Jig. On Corticium and subjacent wood. c. Benudatce. 28. Bombarda, Batsch. (Plate 24, fig. 5.) On decayed wood. 29. sperraoides, Hoffm. ; Grev. t. 6. On decayed wood. 30. papaverea, B. and Br. {no. 612, with a Jig.). On old stumps. 31. moriforrais, Tode; Grev. ^.39. (Bertia, D. Not.) 32. innumera, B. and Br. On dead wood. 33. confluens, Tode {no. 597). On dead trees, etc. 34. botiyosa, Fr. On old pales. 35. stercoraria. Sow. t. ^51. J. 1. On sheep- and horse-dung. 36. maiumaiforrais, B. On decayed sticks, etc. 37. poraiformis, B. On dead wood. 38. sordaria, Fr. On moist pine-wood. 39. obducens, Fr. {no. 100). On old rails. 40. pulvis-pyrius, P. ; Grev. ^.152. On old wood, bark, etc. 41. rhytidodes, B. and Tlr. {no. 873, with o fg.). On ash-pollards. 396 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGY. 42. perexigua, Ciirr. MS. S. pustula, Curr. I. c. j). 317. On wood. 43. pulveracea, Ehr. On dry wood. 44. moroides, Curr. I. c. p. 318, with a fuj. On wood. 45. mynocaiiia, Fr. On old wood. 46. vesticola, B. and Br. {no. 874). On old decayed linen. 47. rubicola, Curr. I. c. with a Jig. On bramble. 48. collabens, Curr. I. c. p. 320, with a Jig. On bark. 49. caudata, Curr. l.c-. toith a Jig. On rotten wood. 50. Curreyii, Blox. ; Curr. I. c. p. 320, with a Jig. 51. pulviscula, Curr. I. c. with a Jig. On wood. d. PertuscB. 52. pertusa, P. (no. 878, ?cith a fg.). On elm-boards. 53. caUicarpa, Curr. I. c. p. 221, with a fg. On old palings. 54. Aspegrenii, Fr. {no. 879, with a Jig). On dead blackthorn. 55. Jenynsii, B. and Br. {no. 875, with ajg.). On dead wood. 56. poecilostoma, B. and Br. {no. 876, with a Jig.). On dead Ulex. 57. brachythele, B. and Br. {no. 877, with afg.). On decorticated elder. 58. vilis, Fr. {no. 184). On dead wood. 59. mastoidea, Fr. {no. 183). On dead asli-twigs, etc. 60. nucula, Fr. On dead bark. Series 2. Erumpentes. e. CcBspitosfB. 61. populina, P. {no. 96). On ash. See Mag. Zool. and Bot. iii. t. 7 a-c. 62. cupularis, P. On dead branches. 63. accrvata, Fr. {no. 98). On dead branches. 64. dioica, Moug. = S. pulvis-pyris, Auct. Curr. On dead branches. 65. Berberidis, P.; Grev. t. 84. (Gibberidea, Fr.) On berbcny. 66. Laburni, P. {no. 865). On laburnum. 67. nigerrima, Blox. {no. 869, with a fig.). On several species of Diatrype. 68. barbula, B. and Br. {no. 870, with a Jig). On dead pine-bark. 69. apotheciorum, Mass. {no. 871). On Parmelia subjusca. 70. nidula. Sow. t. 394./. 2. On bean-stalks. SPHj^illlACEI. 397 f. OhtnratfE. 71. elongata, Tr. On dead labunuiin, etc.* 72. Spartii. On dead broom. 73. scoriadea, ¥r. (no. 176). On dead birch. 74.. Juglandis, Fr. On wahiut-twigs. 75. Lonicerse, Sow. t. 393. /. 6. On honeysuckle. 76. obliterans, B. and Br. {no. 890, tcith afg.). On bare iir-poles. 77. Godini, Desm. ; Soio. t. 336 (iio. 603). On dead reeds. 78. cuhnifraga, Tr. (i/o. 61-4). On dead grasses. g. LojMostomts. 79. excipuliformis, Fr. {no. 880, with a fg.). On dead wood. 80. angustilabra, B. and Br. {no. 881, with a Jig.). On dead Ulex. 81. macrostoma, Tode {no. 881*). On dead holly, etc. 82. fibritecta, B. {no. 777). On bleached larch planks. 83. Arundinis, Fr. {no. 27, 639*). On dead reeds and wheat. h. Ceratostomce . 81. cin-hosa, P. On soft decayed wood. 85. pilifera, Fr. On fir. 86. ligneola, B. and Br. {no. 883, with afg.). On decayed oak. 87. lampadophora, B. and Br. {no. SS2, with a Jig.). On decayed wood. Series 3. Subtect^. 1. Lnmersa. 88. spinosa, P. On hard wood. 89. eutypa, Fr. On wood. 90. livida, Fr. On wood. 91. inelanotes, B. and Br. {no. 623, with a Jig!). On oak palings. 92. hypotephra, B.and Br. {no. 624, with a Jig). On oak palings. 93. heniitapha, B. and Br. {no. 885, with a Jig.)- On felled oak. 94. apiculata, Curr. I. c. p. 326, with a Jig. On railings. * /S. fuUginosa, Fr., is probably merely the young state of Cenangimu fuligint/niiiti. 398 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGV. 95. anscrina, P. {no. 888, with a Jig.). On wood. ** EniJopldoscc. DO. velata, P. {no. 19). On lime-twigs. 97. ciliaris, Curr. Micr. Journ. y\\. p. 231. 98. celata, Curr. MS. (S. obtecta, Curr. I. c. p. 232). 99. Xylostei, P. = S. semi-imraersa, Grev. Auct. Curr. On woodbine. 100. decedens, Fr. {no. 24). On hazel. 101. discutiens, B. On elm. *** EndocauI(e. 102. spiculosa, P. On various herbaceous stems. 103. inqiiilina, Fr. On dead Umbellifera. 10-i. Berkeleii, Desm. (S. Angelicae,P.), {no. 25, icith a fi(/-). On various UmheUiferte. 105. scirpicola, DC. On Sclrpus lacustris. 106. phomatospora, B. and Br. {no. 647, with aji(j.). On potato-stems. j. Obtecta. * Rameales. 107. lanata, Fr. {no. 185). On birch. 108. siparia, B. and Br. {no. 625, with a Jig.). On birch. 109. Glis, B. and Curr. {)io. 884). On oak. 110. pruinosa, Fr. On ash. 111. unicaudata, B. and Br. {no. 885, with afr/.). On Clematis Vitalba. 112. vibratilis, Fr. On sloe. 113. millepunctata, Grev. t. 201. On ash. 114. salicella, Fr. On willow. 1 1 5. Argus, B. and Br. {no. 626, with a fig?). On birch. 116. Gigaspora, Be&m. ; Curr. I. c. p. 326, with a fig. On maple. 117. Corni, Mont. (Saccothccum, Mont.) On cornel. 118. aucta, B. and Br. {no. (^2S, with a fig.). On alder. 119. bufonia, B. and Br. {no. 629, with a fig.). On oak. 120. dochmia, B. and Br. {no. 630, with afitg.). On elm. 121. larcta, B. and Br. {no. 631, with a fig.). On elm. si'ha;kjacei. 399 122. trivialis, />'. and Br. (jio. G32, with a Jig.). On dead twigs. 123. revclata, B. and Br. {no. 634, icilk afuj.). On lilac. 124. quadrinucleata, Curr. I. c. p. 325, with a fig. On sticks. 12'j. conformis, B. and Br. (fio. 635, ivith afg.). On alder. 126. Rubi, Curr. I. c. with a Jig. On branil)l('. 127. fuscella, B. and Br. {no. 636, with a Jig.). On rose. 128. sepincola, Fr. {no. 636, with a Jig.). On various plants. 129. persistans, B. and Br. {no. 637, with a fg.). On rose. 130. fiitilis, B. and Br. {no. 638, with a fg.). On rose. 131. intermixta, B. and B. {no. 639, 2vith a fg.). On rose. 132. oblitescens, B. and Br. {no. 887, with ajg.). On Cornus. 133. epidemiidis, Tr. {no. 186, 639*). On privet, etc. 134. Tamaricis, Grev. t. 45. On tamarisk. 135. ocellata, Fr. On ash. (Placed doubtfully by Fries in Ilalonia.) 136. melina, B. and Br. {no. 888, with afg.). On asb. 137. Ashwelliana, Curr. I. c. t. 327, with afg. On fir. 138. clypeata, Nees. On bramble and Fpilohimn. 139. appendiculosa, B. and Br. {no. 613, with afg.). On bramble. 140. pusilla, Carr. MS. S. seriata, I. c. p. 329. On wood. 141. Rusci, TFaUr. {no. 639*) = S. glauco-punctata, Grev. On Ruscus aculeatus. 142. Pinastri, Fr.; Grev. t. 13. On fallen fir-leaves. ** Herhicolce. 143. tomicum, Lev. {no. 633, with a fg.). On Aira ccesjntosa and Juncus. 144. berpotricha, Fr. On dead grass-stems. 145. lii-eUa, P. On Spircca Ulmaria. 146. acus, Blox. ; Curr. I. c. p. 325, with a fg. On dock. 147. lineolata, Rob. {no. 616). On Ammophila arundinacea. 148. maculans. Sow. {no. 641). On Scirpus palustris. 149. pantherina, B. {no. 23). On Pteris aquilina. 150. pardalota, Mo7it. {no. 99). On Convallaria viultfora. 151. ccutliosporoidcs, Bark. {no. 179). On laurel. 400 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGY. k. CauUcola. 152. cuvvirostra, Sow. On dead umbellifcrre. 153. rostellata, Fr. On shoots of bramble. 154. coniformis, Tr. {no. 190). On herbaceous stems. 155. acuminata, Soto. {no. 159). (S. carduorum, Wallr.) On thistles. 156. cruciferarum, Besm. {no. 191). On Cruciferfe. 157. herbarum, P. = S. Scrophulariae, S. Pisi, etc. On various Herbaceous plants, etc. 158. rubella, P. On dead herbaceous stems, 159. Helense, Curr. I. c. with a fig. On herbaceous stems. 160. Doliolura, P. On herbaceous stems. 161. complanata, Tode. On herbaceous stems. 162. nigrella, Pr. {no. 649). On Bipsacus. 163. Corni-Succicse, Fr. (Sp. Corni, Sow.) " Not a true Sphscria," Curr. I. c.p.ZZi). 164. derasa, B. and Br. {no. 639*, wiiJia fig.) = S. ci\\\?i,Johnsl. On Senecio Jacohcea. 165. tritonilosa, B. and Br. {no. IIS, with a fiig.). On Epilolium. 166. Vectis, B. and Br. {no. 779, with a fig.). On Iris fietidissima. 167. planiuscula, B.and Br. {no. 891, with afiig.). On herbaceous stems. 168. Lunarise, B. and Br. {no. S92,?cith a fig.). On Lunaria rediviva. 169. nigrans, Besm. {no. 640). On Bactylis glomerata. 170. semilibera, Besm. {no. 641). On rccds. 171. Ogilviensis, B. and Br. {no. 642, toith a fig.). On Senecio Jacohaea. 172. Clivcnsis, B. and Br. {no. 643, with a fig.). On parsnip. 173. modesta, Besm. {no. 644, with a fig.). On herbaceous stems. 174. comnianipula, B. and Br. {no. 645, with a fig.). On Scrophularice. 175. Thwaitesii, B. and Br. {no. 646, tcith a fig.). On Umbellifera. 176. tosta, B. and Br. {no. 648, with a fig). On Epilobium. 177. tenebrosa, 5. and Br. {no. G\-0,?i:ith a fig.). On Arctium. 1. FoUiaAte. * RosteIlat(X. 178. fmibriata, i/. On liviii''- Iciivcs of lionibcain. SPII^iKIACEI. 401 179. Coryli, Bntsch ; Oreo. t. 330. On living- hnzcl-leavcs. 180. Avellansc, Schn. {no. 101). On dead hazel-leaves. 181. tubaeformis, Todt ; Grev. A 335./. 1. On dead aider-leaves. 182. Gnomon, Tode. On dead leaves. 183. setacea, P. On dead leaves. ** Sj)h(erostomrp. 184. duplex, Sow. On grasses, ete. Var. Nardi not a true SpJuerla, CiuT. 1. c. p. 332. 185. recutita, Fr. On grasses. 186. anaritlmia, B. and Br. {no. 893, with a Jig.). On Aim caspiiosa. 187. sabuletorura, B. and Br. {no. 650, toith a Jif/.). On Ammophila arundinacea. 188. phseostietn, B. {no. 651, icith afi(/.). On Carex peudida. 189. eucrypta, B. and Br. {no. 652, wilh a Jig.). On Carcx penduht. 190. helieospova, B. and Br. {no. 653, wilJi a Jig.). On Cyperacece. 191. palustris, B. and Br. {no. 654^, wUk a Jig.). On Iris, Carex, etc. 192. cai-pinea, Fr. {no. 655, %oith a fig.). On liornl)eam. 193. Pteridis, Desm. {no. 656). On dead fronds of I'lcris aqnilina. 194. brassicfecola, B. and Br. {no. 656, with a Jig.) = Astcroma Bras- sicae, Chev. 195. punctiformis, Fr. On dead leaves. 196. maculaifonnis, P. On dead leaves. Not a true Sphreria, Curr. 1. c. p. 332. 197. Eryngii, Fr. {no. 657). On Ergngium. 198. Eumicis, Desm. {no. 658). On living dock-leaves. 199. Leightoni, B. and Br. {no. 659, ivith a fg.). On dead leaves of Linncea horealis. 200. erysiphina, B. and Br. in Jonrn. Lond. Ilort. Soc. ix. p. 67. On living hop-leaves. 201. brunneola, Fr. On lily-of-the-valley. 202. Ostruthii, Fr. {no. 102). On Angelica sgtrestris. 203. Ligustri, Dcsni. {no. 1296). On dead privet-leaves. 2d 402 OUTLINES OF BKITISH Fl'NGOLOGV. 302. CERATOSTOMA, Fr. Pcrithecium soft, lucmbranaceous. Ostiolum subulate, pcu- cilled at the tip, or simply pa j)i 11 a form. Asci soon disappear- ing. Sporidia oozing out and forming a mass at the ostiolum. 1. capriniun, jP/-. Amongst rubbish. 2. Zobelii, JB. (S. ZobeUi, Tid. Fimg. Ihjp. p. 18G, wilk fuj.). On tniilies. 303. MASSARIA, Be Not. Perithecium subcarbonaoeous. Ostiolum papilkcform. Spo- ridia septate or simple, oozing out and staining the matrix. 1. foedans, Fr. = 8. aniblvospora, J3. and Br. {ho. 62, tcUli a ft;;.). On elm. 2. inquinans, Fr. On dead branches. 3. firaeti, Fr. On dnng. {Ihjpocopra, Fr. Subgenus, spores simple.) 304. HERCOSPORA, Fr. Perithecium subcarbonaceous, eup-shaped, open above, co- vered by the bark, and differently coloured. Papilla hetero- geneous, erumpent. 1. pupula, Fr. On Phil adelph its coronarlus. 305. PYRENOPHORA, Fr. Nucleus slowly formed, immersed in a sclerotioid mass which performs the office of a perithecium. Ostiolum at length slightly prominent. Sporidia midtiseptate. 1. plucooomes, Fr. ; Clrcv. I. Gl). On grass. 30G. GIBBERA, Fr. Perithecium between waxy and horny, at length free, radiato- rimose from the centre. Always closed. PEKISPOllIACEl. 403 1. Vaccinii, Fr. ; Sow. t. 373. /. 1. On living l)rimclics of Vacciniuiii Vitis-idcea. 2. pulicaris, F7'. On various braiiclies, as fig, alder, etc. 3. Saubinetii, Mont. {no. 865). On herbaceous stems. 307. DICHJE3WA, Fr. Perithccia subcarbonaceous, elliptic, closed, bursting by a longitudinal fissure. Nucleus and asci diffluent, innato- crurapent. 1. nigosa, Fr. Ou living bark of oak and beech. 2. strobilina, Fr. On fir-cones. Not ascigerous, Cnrr. I.e. p. 329. 308. CAPNODIUM, Mont. Parasitic. Mycelium creeping, black, consisting of branched, articulated, even or mouiliform threads. Perithccia elongated, frequently branched, composed of confluent threads, the tips of which are often free at the apex. 1. elongatura, B. and Destu. {110. 900). On pear-leaves, and shoots. Order 27. PEBISPORIACEI. Perithccia subglobose, always closed, except by decay, mostly membranaceous. Nucleiis never diffluent. 309. PERISPORIUM, Fr. Peridium subglobose, without any manifest thallus or ap- pendages. Asci clavate. Spores indefinite. 1. ])rinfeps, B. On dead wood. 2. Arundinis, Fr. {no. 220), is a very doubtful production. 310. LASIOBOTRYS, Kze. Erumpent. Central peridium lictwccn fleshy and horny, 2d2 -10 !• OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLORY. proliferous, collapsing above, attached to radiating fibres. Se- condary peridia ascigerous. Asci cylindrical. 1. Loukcuv, A\-c. ; Gnv. t. 191 {no. CGI, with a Ji(j.). On living- leaves of honeysuckle. 2. LinncEe, B. On living leaves of Liinwa. 311. SPH^ROTHECA, Lt%'. ^rycclium arachnoid. Pcrithecia globose, containing a single globose ascus. Appendages numerous, floccose. 1. pannosa, ]Jd. ; Grev. t. 164./. 2. On rose-leaves. 2. Castagnei, Lev. On hops. The common Hop-Mildew. 312. PHYLLACTINIA, Lev. Parasitic. Perithecia hemispherical, at length depressed, seated on a persistent or evanescent membranaceo-granular receptacle. Appendages straight, rigid, acicular, at lengtli bent back. 1. guttata, Fr. On leaves of oak, beech, etc. 313. UNCINULA, Lev. Mycelium floccose. Perithecia globose. Appendages rigid, simple, bifid or dichotomous, micinate, at length bent up- wards. 1. adunca, Lev.; Grev. t. 296. On leaves of poplar, willow, etc. 2. bicornis. Lev. On leaves of maple, sycamore, etc. 314. MICROSPH^RA, Lev. Mycelium arachnoid. Ai)pcndages straight, dichotomous. Branchlets swelling at the tip, or filiform. 1. Berberidis, Lev. On leaves of berberry, etc. 2. (jrossulan"a>, Lev. On goos(^berry-leaves. 3. penicillata, Lev. On leaves of Viburnum Opuhis. PERISPOIUACEI. 405 315. ERYSIPHE, lledw. Mycelium arachnoid. Appendages floceose, simple or irre- gularly branelied. Asci containing 2 sporidia. 1. Liiikii, iJv. On leaves of Artemisia. 2. lamprocarpa. On leaves of CichomcerE. Asci containing 3-8 sporidia. 3. graminis. On leaves of cereals and grass. 4. Martii. On leaves of peas, etc. .5. Montagnei, Lev. On leaves of bnrdock. (). tortilis, Lk. On leaves of cornel. 7. comnnniis, ScJilecJit. On leaves of various phnits. 316. CH^TOMIUM, Kze. Perithecium thin, brittle, moutliless. Asei linear, contain- ing dark, lemon-shaped sporidia. T. datum, Kze.; Grev. t. 230. On damp straw. 2. cliartarum, Ehb. On damp paper. 3. glabrum, B. On damp straw. 317. ASCOTRICHA, B. Perithecium thin, free, mouthless, seated on loose, branched, conidiiferous threads. Asci linear, containing dark, elliptic sporidia. 1. cliartarum, B. (no. 116, wllk ajr/.). On damp paper. 318. EUROTIUM, Lk. Perithccia reticulated, vescicular, coloured, attached to muce- dinous threads. Asci delicate. 1. herbariorum, L/i. ; Grev. t. 164./. 1. On plants in herbaria. It is supposed that this is merely an ascigerous state of Aspert/illidn. 406 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOOY. Okdkr 28. ONYGENEI. Peridiiim formed of closely-intemvovcii threads. Sporidia at length forming a compact, dusty mass. 319. ONYGENA, P. Parasitic on animal substances. Peridium stipitate or ses- sile, paper-like, at length splitting. Asci delicate. Sporidia at length forming a dusty mass. 1. equina, P.; Grev. t. 3i3. On hoofs, horns, etc. 2. piligena, Fr. {no. 219). On decaying flannel, etc. 3. apus, B. and Br. {no. 582). On bones. Fam. VI.— physomycetes. Threads free, or only slightly felted, bearing vesicles which contain indefinite sporidia. Order 29. ANTEJ^mARlEL Threads black, more or less felted, moniliform and equal in the same felt, bearing here and there irregular sporangia. 320. ANTENNARIA, Lk. Threads felted, black, articulated, often moniliform. Walls of sporangia mostly cellular. Spores chained together, im- mersed in gelatinous pulp. 1. semiovata, B. and Br. (no. 784, wifk ajii/.). On Filix-nias. 321. ZASMIDIUM, Fr. Sporangium thin, carbonaceous, but brittle, growing on a septate, byssoid, equal mycelium. Mouth subumbilicate. Spores simple. MTjcoRiNr. 407 1. cellarc, i^/-.; G/w. /. 259. In cclhus. Order 30. MUCOBINI. Threads free, bearing tcrniiual or lateral sporangia. 322. ASCOPHORA, Tode. Sporangia collapsing, and at length hanging down over the fructifying apices like a hood. Fruit sometimes of two kinds. 1. Mucedo, Tode; Grev. t. 2G9. On bread. 2. elegans, Ccl. On ibwls' dung. 323. MUCOR, Mich. Threads free. Sporangia at length bursting, but not de- pendent. 1. Phycomyces, B. Phycoinyces nitens, Ag. On greasy walls, fat, etc. 2. ramosus. Bull. ^. 480. /. 3. On decaying Fungi. 3. Mucedo, L. On fruit, etc. 4. caninus, P.; Grev. i. 305. On dogs' dung. 5. fusiger, Lk. On decaying Agarics. 6. clavatus, Lk. On fruit, etc. 7. amethysteus, B. in Eng. Fl. I. c. p. 332. On pears. 8. succosus, B, (no. 225, with a f(/-)- On stumps of Ancnba. 9. delicatulus, B.; Eng. Fl. I.e. On rotting gourds. 10. tenerrimus, B. (Hydropliora tenervinia, B. ; Hook. Journ. Hi. p. 78, with afg.) On sticks, in woods. 11. subtilissimus, B. in Journ. Lond. Ilorl. Soc. ill. ^j. 98. On nuldewed onions, developed from Sclerotium cepm-orum. 324. HYDROPHORA, Tode. Threads erect, tubular, sparingly articulate, equal above, terminated by a vesicle which is at first watery and crystalline, 408 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGY. then turbid, and at length indurated and persistent from the conglomeration of the spores. 1. stercorea, Tode. On dung-. 325. ENDODROMIA, B. Vesicle very delicate, perforated by the stem, filled with delicate, branched, radiating threads, and globose spores, with a nucleus endowed with active motion. 1. vitrea, B. ; Hook. Jonrn. I.e. p. 79, icith n J'kj- On sticks, in woods. 320. SPORODINIA, Lk. Stem dichotomously branched. Vesicles solitary, terminal, at length splitting horizontally. Columella large. Spores simi)lc, growing on the columella. 1. dichotoma, Cd. On decaying Fungi. 327. ACROSTALAGMUS, Cd. Flocci branched. Branches vcrticillate. Vesicles terminal, pierced by the threads, from the tips of which the spores are produced within the cells. 1. cinnabarinus, Cd. On decaying plants. VerticiUiiini Udentinm is a form of this with naked spores. Artolrogus, Mont., is the secon- dary fruit of Peronospora. 328. SYZYGITES, Ehb. Threads branched aljove. Vesicles of separate branches, conjugating, and forming a distinct sporangium. ] . mrgalocarpus, Eltb. On decaying Aynrics. 329. ENDOGONE, Lk. Ilypogaeous. Flocci collected into a glolwsc, spongy mass. MUCOKINI. 409 Vesicles globose, solitaiy, or collected in little fascicles at the ends of the branches. 1. E. pisiformis, L/t. ; masses globose, dry ; vesicles large, visible to the naked eye. (Plate 21., fig. 7.) — Ann. of Nat. Hist, xviii. 2^- 81- On the ground, amongst moss. Bristol. 2. E. lactifliia, B. and Br. I. c. ; irregular, depresso-globose, white, then dirty flesh-coloured, fetid, filled with thick, red- dish-grey milk; vesicles visible to the naked eye. On the ground, (^hudleigh, C. E. Broome. 410 APPEJNDIX. SCLEROTIUM, Tode. Between cartilaginous and flosliy, with a thin, inseparable cuticle. Fruit, if any, unknown. 1. complanatum, Tode ; Sow. t. 276. On dead leaves, etc. 2. seutellatum, A. and S. ; Grev. t. 144. /. 1. On dead leaves, etc. 3. Semen, Tode; G-rev. t. 144./. 2. On decayed cabbage-stalks, etc. 4. cepavorum, B. On onions (no. 168). 5. stercorarium, DC. On dry cowdung. S. lotorum and Medicaginis are merely tuberiform swellings on the roots of Leguminosce. 6. quercigenum, B. On decorticated oaks. 7. truncorum, Tode {no. 53). On old stumps, amongst moss. 8. fungorum, P. On gills of dead Agarics. 9. lacunosum, P. Amongst leaves, etc., on the ground. 10. muscorum, P. ; Gi-ev. t. 101. Amongst moss. 11. roseum, iTHe/^ (wo. 163). On Juncus conglomeratus. 12. varium, P. On decaying carrots, etc. 13. medullare, B. {no. 14). On Fern. 14. neglectum, B. {no. 91). On dead leaves. 15. pyrinura, Fr. On various fruits. 16. E.ubi, Carm. On bramble-leaves. 17. bullatum, JDC. On decaying gourds and cucumbers. 18. durum, P. ; Grev. t. 1. On various herbaceous stems. 19. Pustula, DC; Grev. t. 77. On oak-leaves. RHIZOCTONIA, DC. Irregular, between cartilaginous and fleshy, with a thin, inseparable cuticle, attached, root -like fibres. Fruit unknown. 1. Crocorum, DC. On roots of sadVon, asparagus, potatoes, etc. 411 GLOSSARY. Acrogenous, attached to the tips of the threads or their branchlets. Adnate, firmly attached to the stem. Adnexed, just reachmg the stem. Agglutinate, firmly glued to the matrix. Amjih/genoiis, when the hymenium is not confined to a particular surface. Anastomosing, spoten of threads which become confluent with each other, and form an irregular net- work. Apices, tips of threads or their divi- sions. Appendiculate, attached in fragments to the border of the pileus ; some- times applied to spores or sporidia which have terminal appendages. Approximate, approaching the stem, but not quite reaching it. Arachnoid, delicate, like a spider's web. Areolate, divided into little arete. Arisfate, bearded ; applied to spores and sporidia. Ascus, a delicate sac containing spo- ridia. Asfomous, witiiout any aperture. Attenuated, spoken of gills which arc gradually narrower at eitlier ex- tremity. Auriform, shaped like an ear. Byssisedce, seated on fine, matted threads. Byssoid, resembling fine, matted threads, which are often collected in little bundles. Ccespifose, growing m. tufts. Capillitium applies to the threads of Puff-balls. Carbonized, impregnated with dark matter, so as to appear more or less charred. Catdicolce, growing on herbaceous stems. Ceratostoma;, spoken of perithecia in which the neck is much elongated. Cirdnatee, disposed in a circle. Cireumscriptce, surrounded by a tliin, black crust, and, consequently, when the stroma is broken off, a black ring is left on the matrix. Concatenate, chained together, Conchiform, shell-shaped. Conglutinate, glued together, as when tlie spores are collected in little heaps which do not easily break up. Conidia, dust-like sccoiulary spores. 11.2 Connate, as when two or more pilei become united. Conliiiuoux, fis wbon one organ mns into anotlier without any decided interruption. This is, I bcheve, sy- nonymous witli contiguus of Fries. Crenulate, notched or scalloped. Ct/st, a subglobose cell or cavity. Decurrent, when the gills are very acute behind, and run down the stem. Denudata, naked, exposed, not im- mersed. Determinate, when a Fungus has a distinctly-defined outline. Dichotomonx, regularly forked. Dimidiate, semiorbicular ; when re- lating to the gills, it intimates that they reacli only halfway from the border of the pileus to the stem. Distant, far apart from each other, whereas remote means that they do not reach the stem. Echinate, beset with short, rigid bristles. Echinulate, the same as the last, only with shorter and more delicate bristles. EJfusce, spread out over the matrix. Effused, spread out over the matrix. Emarginate, when the gills are sud- denly scooped out before they reach the stem. Emergent, springing from beneath the surface of wood, bark, or cuticle. EndocaidcE, growing in the substance of herbaceous stems. Endochrome, the contents of cells where no sporidia are produced before their production. EndophloecB, growing m bark. Excipulum, a little saucer or recep- tacle. Farinose, mealy. Fasciculate, growing in little bundles. Fihrillose, clothed with little, loose fibres. Fislulose, hollow, like a pipe. Flocci, threads, as those of a Mould. Furfuraceous, branny. Fusiform, spindle-shaped. Orvmoi's, clotted, as the contents of some cells. Guttate, marked with tear-like spots. Gyrose, folded and waved, or marked with wavy lines. Ilerhicola, growing on herbaceous plants. Heterogeneous, when adjacent jiarts are different in structure. Homogeneous, when they are similar in structure. Hyaline, transparent. Hygrophanous, having a watery as- pect when moist, but more or less opaque wlien dry. Ilymenium, the fructifying surface. Hymenophorvm, the structure which bears and gives rise to tlie Jiyme- nium. HypogoBous, subterraneous. Hypotheciiim, the part beneath the nucleus in Sphao-iacei, etc., espe- cially when it is compact. ImmerscE, sunk into the matrix. Imperforate, without any terminal aperture. Incusce, sunk as jewels in a die. Indehiscent, not splitting, except by decay. Infundit)uIiform,i\xx\\\e[-s\mY>cA. Inserted (insititius) ; growing imme- diately from the matrix, like a graft from its stock. (iLOSSAllY. 413 Lahiate, aperturo \vi(li distiiu't, lip- like borders. Laccate, varnished, or covered with a coat like sealing-wax. Lacunose, having little cavities, or pitted. LinyiKB/orm, tongue-shaped. Lophiostomce, aperture crested. Marginate, having a distinct, definite border. Matrix, anything on which a Fungus grows. Monilifortn, necklace-like. Mucedinous, like a Mould. Mt/celioid, like a mycelium. Myeelium, spawn, which may be either filamentous or vesicular. Neck, sjiokeu of perithecia which re- semble an india-rubber bottle with a distinct neck. Nucletts, the hymenium oi perithecia, which is generally more or less gelatinous. OhtectcE, covered by the cuticle. Obfuratm, literally bunged up, ap- plied to certain Sphcerice. OhcallafcE, literally walled up, ap- jilied to certain Spharia. Ostiolum, mouth of perithecium, like the mouth of a bottle. Pallid, pale, but undecided in colour. Papillate, covered with little pap- like elevations, or ending in a papilla. Papi/raceoits, thin, like paper. Patellcefonn, saucer-shaped. Pendulous, hanging down like the flower of a foxglove. Peridium, general covering, as in a Tuff-baU. Pcridiola, used when a number of smaller peridia' are contained with- in the general cTivclopc. Peroiiafp, used when the stem has a distinct, stocking-like coat. Perithecia, the bottle-like, fruit-bear- ing bodies in Sphariacei, which may be naked, sunk in a stroma, or covered by a portion of the matrix. Pertuste, pierced at the apex of the jwrithecium by the separation of the ostiolum. Pileoli, secondary pilci. Pileus, the hat-shaped receptacle in Mushrooms, etc. Pruinose, frosted, or covered with bloom like a plum. PulvinatcB, cushion-shaped. Rameales, growing on twigs. Pemote, spoken of gills which are free, and leave a considerable space between them and the stem. Seniform, kidney- shaped. Resupiiiate, spread over the matrix, and having the hymenium up- wards, and not beneath, as in the Mushroom. Rhizomorphoid, like roots. Rimose, cracked. Rinff, part of the veil adhering to the stem, and forming a ring or collar. Rirulose, marked with lines like the rivers in a map. Rosfellafee, having a little, elongated neck, extending beyond the sur- face of the matrix. Rostrate, having a long, free neck. Scrohicidate, marked with little pits. Scutellctform, shicld-hkc. Septate, having partitions. Sint'.ated, when the gills are suddenly waved just before they reach tiie stem. Spathitlate, shaped like a spatula. 414 Spharostomie, having a globular os- tioliini. Spicules, the points to which the spores are attached, sometimes called steriijinata. Sporanrfta, largo vesicular bodies containing sporidia or distinct or- ganisms, producing spores in the centre. Spores, reproductive cells, borne freely on the sporophores. Sporidia, reproductive cells produced withiu asci or sporangia, from a transformation of their cndu- chrorae. Sporophores, cells which are sur- mounted by fertile spicules, some- times called hasidia. Squarrose, rough witli projecting or deflexed scales. Strigose, rough with fascicles of hairs. Stroma, the substance in which the perithecia are immersed in the compound SphariacecB. Stuffed, spoken of the stem when filled with a cottony web, or a spongy mass distinct from the walls. Suh, used in composition to denote a slight degree of anythmg. Subiculuni, the filamentous mycelium of some SpharicB. Suhtectw, more or less covered. SuhuJaie, awl-shaped. Sulcate, furrowed. Tan-coloured, the coloiu- of wash- leather. Tomiparous, producing spores by division. Trama, the substance intermediate between the hymenium in the gills of Agarics or pores of Polyporus. Tremelloid, shaking like jelly. Umhilicate, with a somewhat definite central depression. Umbonate, with a central boss. Uncinate, hooked, or hook-shajied. Ungulate, hoof-shaped. Veil, a partial covering of the stem or margin of the pilens. Ventricose, swelhngout inthemiddle. Vermiculate, worm-shaped. Verruc(pform, wart-shaped. Versatiles, vai-ious in form and nature. Versiform, various in form. Vesicular, having a bladder-like sporangiiun, or composed of cells. Verticillate, whorled. Villosm, covered with down. Virgale, streaked, or with wand-like branches. T'olra, a general wrapper, some- times membranous, sometimes gelatinous. 415 PRINCIPAL AUTHORS QUOTED UNDER THE DESCRIBED SPECIES. Abbildungen der Schwammo, 4to, figm'es partly fi'om Bolton. Afzclius in Vctensk Acad. Hand- lungen, 1783. Albertini and Scliweinitz, Conspec- tus, 8vo, 1805. Batsch, Elenehus Fungorum, 4to, 1783-1789. Battan-a, Fungorum Historia, etc., ■ 4to, 1759. Berkeley, English Flora, vol. v., part ii., 8vo, 1836. in Taylor's Journal. See p. 305. and Broome in ditto. See p. 305. ■ and Curtis in ditto. See p. 305. Bloxam in History of Leicestershire, ined. Bolton, History of Funguses, 4to, 1788-1791. Brondeau, Plantes Cryptogames de I'Agenais, 8vo, 1828-1830. BuUiard, Herbier de la France, foL, 1780-1795. Cesati in Eabenhorst's Exsiccata, 4to. Chevalier, Flore de Paris, 8vo, 1836. Chevalier, Fungorum et Byssoruni Illustrationes, fol., 1837. Curtis, Flora Londhiensis, folio, 1817-1828. , British Entomology, 8vo. De Caudolle, Flore Fran^aise, 8vo, 1815. Delastrc, Flore de la Yienne, 8vo, 1842. Desmazieres, Plantes Cryptogames du Nord, 4to ; Exsiccatas, 1825, etc. Dickson, Plantarun'i Cryptogami- carum FascicuU, Ito, 1785-1801. Dillenius, Catologus, 8vo, 1749. Ditmar in Stm-m's Deutschlands Flora, 12mo, 1817. Dozy and Molkenboer, Novae Fmi- gorum Species, 8vo, 1846. Duby, Botanicon Gallicum, 8vo, 1828-1830. Ehrenberg, Sylva; Mycologicse Be- rolincnsis, 4to, 1818. " in Ilorrc Physicrc Be- rolinenses, fol., 1820. Ehrhart, Exsiccata, fol., 1716. English Flora, vol. v., part ii., Svo 1837. Flora Danica, fol., 1761, etc. 416 PRINCIPAL AUTHORS QUOTKD. Fries, Observationes Mycologicir, 8vo, 1815-1818. , Systema Mycologicum, 8vo, 1821-1830. , Epicrisis, 8vo, 1836. , Sum ma Vegetabiliura Scandi- navia), 8vo, 1816. , Hymenomycetes, 8vo. Grcville, Scottish Cryptogamic Flora, 8vo, 1823-1829. , Flora Edinensis, 8vo, 1824. Hedwig, Musforum Frondosorum, etc., fol, 1787-1797. Hill, History of Plants, fol., 1751. Hoffmann, Vegetabilia Cryptogama, 4to, 1787-1790. , Deutsclilauds Flora, 12mo, 1791. Holmskiold, Beata raris Otia Fungis impensa, fol., 1790-1799. Hudson, Flora Anglica, 8vo, 1762, 1778, 1798. Hussey, Illustrations of British My- cology, 4to, 1817, etc. Jacquin, Miscellanea Austriaca, 4to, 1778-1781. , Collectanea, 4to, 1786- 1796. Juughulm in Linnsea, vol. v., 1830. Klotzsch, Manuscript Observations in Sir W. J. Hooker's Herbarium. Knapp, Journal of a Naturalist, 8vo. Krombholz, Naturgetreiie Abbil- dungen, fol., 1831-1817. Linnseus, Flora Suecica, 8vo, 1755. Lasch in Linnsea, vol. iv., 1829. Leveille in Annales des Sciences Naturelles, 1816-1848. TMattuschka, Flora Silesiaca, 8vo, 1776, 1777. Michcli, Nova Plantarum Genera, fol., 1729. Montague, Sylloge, 8vo, 1856, where a complete list of his various works will be fomul. Midler in Flora Danica, t. 601-900. Neesvon Esenbeck, Das System der Pilze und Selnvammc, 4to, 1816. Otto, Giftpflanzen, 8vo, 1834. Persoon, Observationes Mycologicrc, 8vo, 1796-1799. , Commentatio, 8vo, 1797. , Tentamen, 8vo, 1797. , Icones et Descriptiones, Ito, 1798-1800. , Synopsis, 8vo, 1801. , Icones Picta?, 4to, 1803- 1806. , Mycologia Europrea, 8vo, 1822-1828. Ray, Synopsis, 8vo, ed. 3, 1724. Rcllian, Flora Cantabrigiensis, 8vo, ed. 2, 1802. Retz in Vetensk Ac. Handlungen, 1769. Rostkovius in Stunn's Deutsch- lands Flora. Roth, Catalecta Botanica, 8vo, 1797-1806. Sclia?ffer, Fungorum Icones, 4to, 1762-1774. Schrader, Spicilegium, 8vo, 1794. Schumacher, Enumeratio Plantarum Scellandise, 8vo, 1801-1803. Seopoli, Flora Carniolica, 8vo, 177-. Secretan, Mycographie Suisse, 8vo, 1833. Smith and Sowerby, Engl. Botany, 8vo, 1790, etc. Somnierfelt, Supplenientum Flora LapponiciP, Svo, 1836. Sowerby, Engli>, 336. .fficidium — contimied. Thalietri, 337. Tragopogoiiis, 337. Urtica', 337. Valerianacearum, 337. Viola, 337. .aSgerita, 342. Candida, 342. .ffithalium, 306. septicum, 306. vaporarium, 306. Agaricini, 89. Ag'aricus, 89. acerbus, 105. accrosus, 137. acervatus, 119. acicula, 127. acictda, 120. acute-squamosus, 93. adiposus, 151. Adonis, 123. a-ruginosus, 168. (eruii'mosus, 168. albellns, 104. albo-brunneus, 98. albo-cyancus, 168. albus, 105. alcalinus, 125. algidus, 138. alVeolus, 163. appi'iidic-ulatus, 170. applicatns, 139. appliratus, 138. aratus, 176. ardosiacus, 144. arcolatus, 172. arvonsis, 166. aspcr, 91. asper, 93. Agaricus— con I in u cd. asprollus, 147. atonialus, 176. atratu.s, 120. atro -albus, 124. atro-c8oruleus, 138. axtrantio-fcrrugincus, 196. aureus, 149. auricomus, 155. auvivellus, 150. Babingtonii, 148. Badhami, 93. balauinus, 121. Bellia", 134. bellus, 113. bifrons, 173. blandus, 107. Bloxami, 143. bombycinus, 139. lorealis, 104. brevipes, 107. brumalis, 112. bufonius, 102. bullaccus, 172. butyraceus, 115. byssiscdus, 165. callosus, 172. calopus, 223. campancllus, 133. camiianulatus, 175. caiii))ostris, Itio. camplophyllus, 133. caiuiicans, 109. caiidiccDi.s; 109. Ca,ndolliaiuis, 170. capillarisi, 130. carnco-alhus^ 146. carnous, 103. 424 INDEX TO GENERA AND SPECIES. A^aricus — ootid nued. cartilaginous, 101. Cecilifc, 92. Ccntunculus, 159. cepscstipes, 95. ceniuus, 171. corvinus, 1 11. cvnissatiis, 108. fli;il_vba?us, 147. fliolcdonius, 127. cliiiiionoi)liilus, 16t. chioncus, 139. clirysophscus, 142. cinerascens, 106. cirrhatus, 117. clavus, 110. clavKS, 120. clypeatus, 144. clvpeolarius, 94. Columbetta, 99. comosus, 150. compre.ssus, 115, 200. conc'innus, 115. confortus, 1G3. couHuens, 116. conigenus, 117. conissans, 169. conopilus, 173. const rictus, 96. coprophilus, 172. corrugis, 173. corniffis, 175. corticola, 129. cortlcola, 159. costatus, 145. cretaceus, 167. crista! us, 94. crocatus, 127. cruentus, 127. crustuliniforniis, 157. C'ucumis, 159. cuneifolius, 101. Curi'eyi, 155. cyatliiformis, 111. cyphellseformis, 138. dcalbatus, 109. dopluens, 165. ditformis, 112. dispcrsus, 169. disscminatus, 176. duiseminafits, 180. dissiliens, 125. dryinus, 134. dryophilus, 119. Agaricus — continued, dryophilus, 118. durus, 119. echinatus, 167. ectypus, 112. elegans, 121. clixus, 109. Elodes, 143. embolus, 163. cpiptcrygias, 128. equestris, 97. erinaceus, 161. csculentus, 118. euchrous, 146. cuosmus, 135. excelsus, 91. excoriatus, 92. exsculptus, 119. exsuccus, 206. fascicularis, 169. fastigiatus, 155. fasfigiaiiis, 156. fertiiis, 142. fibrillosus, 173. fibrosiis, 154. Fibula, 133. filo])cs, 126. fimbriatus, 174. fimicola, 175. fimiputris, 174. flaccidus, 111. flammans, 151. flavidus, 158. flavo-brunneus, 98. flocculosus, 154. Foenisecii, 171. frunientaccus, 141. fucatus, 97. fulvellus, 98. fumosus, 107. fiimosus, 103. furfuraccus, 161. furfuraceiis, 174. fusi])es, 115. galcriculatus, 124. gallinaceus, 1U9. galopus, 128. gambosus, 104. f/ambo.ius, 101, 296. (/angrcenosiis, 103. geopliyllus, 156. geotrupus, 110. gigaiiteus, 110. glaiididosus, 136. Agaricus — con fin iied. gliodcrnius, 95. gossypinus, 174. gracilentus, 93. gracilis, 176. graminiun, 222. graniniopodius, 106. grammopodius, 106. granulosus, 95. grareolens, 101, 103 104. griseus, 183. haustellaris, 164. hclvcUoides, 132. hepaticus, 131. hiascens, 176. Hobsoni, 138. Hookeri, 154. horizontalis, 159. humilis, 100. hybridus, 158. hi/bridus, 158, 159. hydrophoi-us, 176. hypnophilus, 139. Hypiiorum, 163. inibricatus, 99. immundus, 103. inamcenus, 102. incanus, 147. inconstans, 227. infundibuliformis, 110. ingratus, 116. inopus, 158. iiiornatus, 108. inquiliiius, 161. integrcllus, 134. inversus. 111. ionides, 103. Iris, 123. juncicola, 130. laccatus, 113. laccattis, 113, 132. laccratus, 120. lacerus, 154. lacertis, 156. lactcus, 123. lacryniabundus, 170. lampropus, 146. lanuginosus, 153. /arid nils, 96. lascivus, 102. lateritius, 162. Leightoni, 138. lent us, 158. INDEX TO GENERA AND SPECIES. 425 Agaricus — conlmued. loonimis, 1 12. Levcillianus, 152. lon<^if;uidus, 157. longipos, Hi. Loveianus, 1 10. lucifugus, 156. luridus, 99. luteo-albus, 123. luteus, 215. maculatus, 115. Mappa, 90. marginatum, 151. Maria, 93. inastoideus, 93. mastrucatus, 138. megalodactylus, 91. melaleucus, 10(5. melaspermus, 168. meleagris, 101. melinoides, 160. melinoides, 163. raelleus, 96. meUeus, 98. membrauaceus, 177. mesodactijlius, 152. metaclirous, 112. metachrous, 112. mitie^, 136. mollis 16 k monstrosu?, 101. mucidus, 96. munduliis, 146. muralis, 131. murinaccus, 100. murinaceus, 203. miiscarius, 90. mutabilis, 151. mycenoides, 152. nanus, 141. naucinus, 94. naucinus, 167. nebularis, 187. iiecator, 204. nictitans, 98. nidorosus, 115. noli-tanr/erp, 174. nuceus, 159. nudus, 105. obscurus, 154. occllatus, 120. odorus, 108. Oniscus, 131. opacus, 110. A^aricus — continued, op/icu.t, 108. oslrcatiis, 135. osfrrafiis, 136. ovalis, 1«;2. Ijachyphyllus, 101. lianlhei'iniis, 90. panlherintis, 185. pM))ilionaceus, 175. parabolicus, 121. parvulus, 140. pascuus, 145. pascuus, 147. panperculus, 125. pediades, 160. pelianthinus, 131. pelianthinus, 122. pelliculo3U3, 128. personatus, 105. personatus, 190. pctaloides, 136. pctasatus, 141. Pezizoides, 165. plialtenarum, 175. Phalloides, 89. philonotis, 131. phlebophoi'us, 141. jjhlehophorus, 162. phyllophilus, 109. physaloides, 172. pilipes, 129, 162. Placenta, 143. planus, 157. platvphyllus, 114. p/a/i/p/u/llm, 120, 273. plumosus, 152. polygrammus, 124. polystictus, 95. porrigens, 137. portentosns, 97. prrccox, 149. prcccox, 168. pratensis, 166. procerus, 192. jiroliferus, 123. pruuuloidcs, 143. ])runulus, 1 15. pudicus, 150. pullu-s 116. ])umilus, 152. prnpnircus, 103. purus, 122. punts; 121. I pusillu*, 140. Agaricus — conMnued. pyriodorus, 153. pyxidatus, 130. i-aconiosus, 118. racliodes, 92. radicatus, 114. radicosus, 150. ramentaccus, 96. rainentaccus, 101. relicinus, 152. repandus, 143. repandus, 155. repens, 114. retic'olatus, 152. retirugis, 175. rliodopolius, 145. rhodopoliiin, 145. rimosus, 155. roridus, 128. rosellus, 122. rubescens, 90. Rubi, 164. rubidus, 148. rubi'o-marginattis, 122. rufo-carneus, 148. rufulus, 132. rutilans, 99. salignus, 136. salit/nus, 226. saponaceiis, 101. seabcr, 153. scalpturatus, 101. scaipturatus, 101. scambus, 157. sejunctus, 97. semiglobatus, 169. semilanceolatus, 172. seiniorbicularis, 160. scparatus, 174. scptieus, 137. septicus, 139. sericellus, 144. scriceus, 145. sei'otinus, 136. serrulatus, 146. setipes, 132. sotosus, 130. silvaticus, 167. silvicola, 166. siudonius, 156. sinuatu.1, 113. siparius, 161. Soirerbeii, 1 17. spadieeo-griscu.-, 173. 4:>G INDEX TO GENERA AND SPECIES. Agaricus — continued. sjjadiceus, 170. sparteus, 163. speciosus, 111. speireus, 126. spermaticiis, 98. spliagnicola, 131. squamosus, 168. sqnamosvs, 156. stellatus, 132. stercorarius, 168. stercorarius, 172. stipitarius, 116 sh-iatulus, 139. strobilifoniiis, 90. strobiliuui?, 122. stylobates, 129. sxihinroJuius, 111. sublatei'itius, 169. subpalmatus, 135. subpiilverulcntus, 107. sulfiu'cus, 102. sur rectus, 140. Taylori, 140. tenaeellus, 118. teiiacellus, 117. tencllus, 126. tener, 162. tenciTimus, 129. tenuis, 125. terveus, 100. testaceus, 157. trechisporus, 156. tremiilus, 137. tuberosus, 117. ulmarius, 134. uinbelliferus, 132. umheUifems, 132, 133. umbrinus, 141. undatus, 117. vac'cinus, 100. vacciuus, 166. vagiuatus, 91. vaporarius, 166. variabilis, 164. velutinus, 170. velutipes, 116. veiTiicosus, 108. vernus, 89. versicolor, 167. ven-acti, KiO. vlUalicus, 166. vinosiis, 158. viridis, 108. Agaricvis— CO III in ued. vitilis, 126. Vittadini, 94. volvaceus, ll-O. vulgaris, 128. xanthopus, 118. .ri/ln]/hllu.9, 171. Agyrium, 375. rufiir.i, o75. Ailo^aphum, 380. ani))linn, 380. Aleuria, 362. Amanita, 80. Axnylocarpus, 377. onceplialoides, 377. Angioridium^ 3U7. siiuiosmn, 308. Anodermei, 241. Antennaria, 106. scniiovala, 4n(). Antennariei, lUO. Anthina, 338. brunnea, 338. flanimca, 338. Jtavo-virens, 338. Aposphseria, 315. acuta, 315. complanata, 315. Ap3rrenium, 291. lignatilc, 291. Aregma, 329. acuminatum, 329. bulbosum, 329. gracile, 329. mucronatum, 329. obtusatuni, 329. Arcyria, 310. cincrca, 310. incamata, 310. punicea, 310. nutans, 310. ochroleuca, 310. imibrina, 310. Arxuillaria, 96. Arthrinium, 346. spovo])lilcuni, 3 16. Arthrobotryum, 312. atrum, 312. Arthroderma, 357. Cunvyi, 357. Ar(o/ror/u.s; 408. Ascobolus, 374. carneus, 374. ciliatus, 374. Ascobolus - con/iuucd. lurl'uraccus, 374. glaber, 374. saccharinus, 374. Trifolii, 374. vinosus, 374. Ascochyta, 320. Diantlii, 320. pallor, 320. Pisi, 320. rulb-niaculans, 320. Ascoiuyces, 376. bullatus, 376. deformans, 376. Juglandis, 376. Trientalis, 376. Ascomycetes, 357. Ascotvicha, 105. cliartaium, 405. Aspergillus, 347. aureus, 348. candidus, 347. dubius, 317. glaucus, 347. mollis, 3-48. roscus, 348. virens, 348. Asterina, 380. Babiugtonii, 381. Asteroma, 321. Brassicfe, 401. Padi, 322. Pruncll.T, 321. rcticulatum, 321. Eosjc, 322. Ulmi, 321. Veronica?, Desm., 322. Asterosporiuiu, 321. IIoHinanni, 324. Athelia epiphiilhi, 276. Ti/phce, 270. Atractium, 310. llammeum, 3 JO. Jlammcum, 310. Atractoholus ublquita- rius, 312. Auricularia, 272. cinerea, 271. elegans, 270. hepatica, 271. lubata, 272. mcsenterica, 272. Auricularini, 205. INDEX TO GENEllA AND SPECIES. 427 Bactridium, '.I2i}. atrovireiis, 326. llavum, 326. Ilolvelkv, 326. Badhamia, 308. i'ulvella, 308. hyalinn, 308. nitons, 308. pallida, 308. ntricularis, 308. Balsamia, 378. plalyspora, 378. Batarrea, 2ij9. ])lKi!loidcs, 299. Bispora, 326. monilioides, 327. Bolbitius, 182. lioltonii, 182. IVagilis, 182. tencr, 183. titubans, 182. titiiham, 183. Bolacotricha, 352. fli'isca, 353. Boletus, 229. aestivalis, 23J., alutarius, 235. badius, 231. bovinus, 230. calopus, 232. castaneus, 236. cbrysenteron, 232. cyanescens, 236. edulis, 234. elegans, 229. erytbropus, 233. felleus, 236. flavus, 230. granulatus, 230. impolitus, 234. laricinus, 230. luridus, 233. luteus, 229. liUcus, 230. olivaceun, 233. pacbypns, 233. parasiticus, 231. piperatus, 231. purpurcns, 234. sanguineus, 231. Sat anas, 233. scabcr, 235. strisepcs, 232. subtoincutosus, 232. Boletus — continued. variegatus, 231. versipeUis, 235. viscidus, 235. Botryosporium, 354. diirusum, 35 1-. puli'lii'uni, 354. Botrytis, 348. citvina, 348. Joucsii, 348. terrcstris, 348. Tilletii, 348. Bovista, 301. uigi'cscens, 301. phimbea, 301. Bulgaria, 374. iuquinans, 375. sarcoides, 375. Calocera, 284. cornea, 284. glossoides, 284. tuberosa, 284. viscosa, 284. Calycella, 372. Camptoum', 374. curvatiun, 374. Cantharellus, 215. aurantiaeus, 215. Erownii, 215. cibarius, 215. cinereus, 216. infundibuliformis, 216. lobatus, 217. lute.fcens, 216. niuscigenus, 217. rctirugus, 217. tubseformis, 216. tuhaformis, 216. unibonalus, 216. Cenangium, 374. Aucuparia^, 374. Cerasi, 371. fcrruginosum, 374. i'uliginosuni, 374. I'runastri, 374. pulvcraceum, 374. quereinum, 37 J. Kibis, 37 k Rubi, 374. Capnodium, 103. eloi'gatuni, 403. Cenococcum, 301. geopbiluiii, 301. Cephalotrichum, 3 14. eui-tuni, 3J 1. Ceratium, 338. liydnoides, 338. Ceratostoma, 402. caprinum, 402. Zo belli, 402. Ceuthospora, 323. Lauri, 323. Pbaeidioides, 323. Chaetomium, 405. eliartarum, 405. clatuni, 405. glabrum, 405. Chsetopsis, 353. ^^'auehii, 353. Cheirospora, 325. botryospora, 325. Choiroinyces, 377. nie;uulri('orniis, 377. Cladotrichum, 345. triseplatum, 345. Cladosporium, 846. bracliormiiun, 346. dendriticuni, 346. depressum, 346. famago, 346. berbarum, 316. herhnrum, 346. ligniroluni, 346. nodulosuiTi, 346. orbiculatum, 346. Clavaria, 278. abictina, 280. acuta, 283. aiuetbystina, 279. Ardenia, 283. argillacea, 282. aun-a, 280. Botrytis, 278. ceranoidcs, 282. cinerca, 279. cinerea, 280. contorta, 283. coralloides, 279. crispula, 281. cristata, 280. crocea, 280. fastigiata, 279. fastigiata, 279. lliiceida, 280. fragilis, 283. fusiformis, 281. grisea, 281. 428 INDEX TO GliXEUA AND SPECIES. Clavaria — continued. intequalis, 282. juncoa, 283. Kunzei, 280. muscoidcs, 279. pistillavis, 283. purpurea, 281. rosea, 281. rugosa, 280. stricta, 281. sfricta, 273. tenuipes, 282. umbrina, 279. uncialis, 28 1-. vermiculata, 282. Clavariei, 278. Clinterium, 316. obturatuiii, 316. Clitocybe, 107. Clitopilus, 115. Clonostachys, 351. Araucaria, 354. Coleosporium, 333. Campanula?, 333. Petasitis, 333. pingue, 333. Rliinanthaeearum, 333. Sonchi-aryensis, 333. Tussilaginis, 333. CoUybia, 114. Coniomycetes, 313. Coniomycefes, 355. Coniothecium, 327. amentaeearuui, 328. betulinum, 328. effusum, 327. Coniothyrium, 313. gloiiioratuni, 313. Co)iop/p(i cinerea, 326. Coprinarius, 174. Coprinus, 177. apthosus, 178. atramentarius, 177. atramentariits, 180. comatus, 177. comatus, 177. (leliquesccns, 180. domesticus, 181. cpheiiicrus, 181. extinct orius, 178. fimetarina, 179. fuscescins, 178. licmci-obius, 182. Hendersonii, 180. Coprinus — covlinued. lagopus, 179. luridus, 178. macrocephalus, 180. micaceus, 179. niveus, 179. nychtliemcrus, 181 . ])icaecus, 178. plicatilis, 181. radians, 179. radiatus, 181- radiatus, 357. Spraguei, 182. sterquilinus, 177. lomcutosus, 179. Cordiceps, 381. alutacea, 382. capitata, 382. cntoniorrlnza, 382. gracilis, 382. opliioglossoidcs, 382. purpurea, 382. microccphala, 382. militaris, 382. myrmecopliila, 382. purpurea, 351. Corticium, 272. aracluioideum, 273. arachnoideinn, 276. atrovirens, 274. Am-ora, 276. c;icruleum, 274. calceum, 274. calceum, 276. cincreiun, 275. comedens, 276. confluens, 276. giganteum, 272. incaruatum, 275. lactcscens, 274. lactouni, 273. lividura, 275. Iffive, 273. miniatum, 274. nudum, 276. nudum, 288. oclu-aceum, 275. polygon! urn, 276. qucrcinum, 275. rosoum, 273. Sambuci, 276. Samhuci, 275. sanguincum, 273. sulfureum, 274. Corticium — continued. velulinuiii, 273. Cortinarii, 149, 183. Cortinarius, 183. acutus, 195. anfractus, 184. anomalus, 190. araneom.s, 190. arenatus, 188. armeniacus, 193. armillatus, 192. bolaris, 188. brunneu8, 192. bulbosus, 191. BuUiardi, 187. C£erulescens, 185. callisteus, 187. callochrous, 185. caninus, 189. capcratus, 183. castancus, 194. cinnanioraeus, 190. collinitus, 186. collinitus, 187. cyanopus, 184. diabolicus, 189. dilutus, 194. elatus, 186. evernius, 191. gentilis, 192. glaucopus, 184. hinnuleus, 192. ilcopodius, 193. Krombholzii, 194. leucopus, 194. leucopus, 194. limonius, 192. livido-ochraccus, 186. multiformis, 184. ochroleucus, 189. periscelis, 193. l^holideus, 188. pluvius, 195. prasinus, 186. psammocephalus, 103. purpura scens, 185. raphauoides, 191. Eeedii, 194. scaurus, 186. spilomeus, 190. sublaiiatus, 188. tabularis, 189. turbinatus, 185. uliginosus, 190. IXDT.X TO GICNERA AND SPECIES. 429 Cortinarius -continued. varius, 183. violaceus, 187. riolaceti.t, 190. Coryneum, 321.. coinpactum, 32 k disuilbrme, 321. Kiinzei, 324. microsticliuin, 324. pulviuatum, 324. Craterellus, 265. fornucopioicles, 2G6. crispus, 266. lutescens, 265. sinuosus, 260. Craterium, 308. leucocephalum, 308. minutiim, 308. mutabile, 308. pedunculatum, 308. pyriforaae, 308. Crepidotus, 163. Ciibraria, 309. intermedia, 309. Crucibulum, 312. vulgare, 312. Cryptosporium, 315. t'aricis, 315. Ncesii, 315. Cyathus, 311. sti-iatus, 312. veniicosus, 312. Cyuophallus, 298. caiiinus, 298. Cjrpliella, 277. capula, 278. ciiticiilosa, 278. galeata, 277. Goldbatschii, 278. griseo-pallida, 277. lacera, 277. muscioola, 277. inuscigena, 277. ochroleuca, 277. Ci/Undrosporium, 351 . Cystopus, 334. Candidas, 334. Cystotricha, 320. si viola, 320. Cytispora, 322. farplK)S]ierma, 322. chrvdosperma, 322. fugax, 322. guttifera, 322. Cytispora — coniimied. Ilendersonii, 322. Pinastri, 322. nibesccns, 322. Dacrymyces, 290. chrysoconius, 291. deliqiiesceiis, 291. deliquescens, 291. stillatus, 291. slillatus, 291. violaceus, 290. Dactyliuna, 351. deiidi'oides, 351. fionosum, 343. macrosporum, 351. obovatum, 351. pyriferum, 351. roscuni, 351. &plia;roce23halum, 351. tenuissimum, 351. tenelluni, 351. Daedalea, 254. confragosa, 254. latissima, 254. quei'cina, 254. unicolor, 254. Darluca, 318. filum, 318. macropus, 318. tjplioideanmi, 318. Dasyscypha, 3(38. Dematiei, 342. Dendryphium, 312. comosum, 312. curtum, 343. fumosum, 343. griseum, 313. laxuin, 313. Dermini, 119. Dermocybe, 189. Diachea, 308. clegaii3, 308. Diatrype, 387. as]iera, 38S. ]5adliami, 388. buUata, 387. ceratosperma, 388. cincta, 389. eorniculata, 389. decipieus, 389. denigrans, 388. discilbrmis, 388. dryophila, 388. Diatrype — con/lnucd. elcvata, 388. favacea, 388. ferruginea, 388. flavovirens, 388. Hystrix, 388. inacjualis, 388. inearcerata, 388. laiieiforniis, 388. lata, 388. leioiilaca, 388. nueleata, 388. podoides, 388. pyn-bocystis, 388. qucrcina, 388. scabrosa, 388. sordida, 388. stigma, 388. stipata, 388. strumclla, 388. yarians, 388. verruciformis, 388. Ulicis, 388. undulata, 388. Dichsena, 403. rugosa, 403. strobilina, 403. Dictydium, 309. umbilicatuni, 309. Dictyosporium, 328. elegans, 328. Diderma, 306. C'arniicliaelianum, 306. citriiium, 306. coutextum, 306. cyancscens, 306. deplanatum, 306. floriforme, 306. globosum, 306. iiitens, 306. siiumarioides, 306. Trcvelyani, 306. umbilicatuni, 306. vernicosum, 306. Didymium, 307. cinercum, 307. congestum, 307. dajdaleum, 307. farinaceum, 307. furluraccum, 3(>7. liemisplia-ricum, 307. leueojiUH, 307. lobatum, 307. melauopus, 307. 430 [NDEX TO GENEllA AND SPECIES. Didyxniuxu — cuntinveil. nigripes, 307. pertiisiiin, 307. physaroidcs, 307. serpula, 307. Sowerbcii, 307. Bquanuilosum, 307. tignnura, 307. xanihophus, 307. Dinemasporium, 321. f,'raiiiiiiuin, 321. Diplodia, 317. arbutu'ola, 317. ctcspitosa, 317. contluens, 317. consors, 317. Covvdellii, 317. fibricola, 317. ilieicola, 317. Ilicis, 317. nnitila, 317. oospora, 317. paupercula, 317. tec-ta, 317. viticola, 317. vul-aris, 317. Discella, 322. abnormis, 323. carbonacea, 323. Desmazierii, 323. microspernia, 323. platyspora, 323. Discina, 362. Discomjiceten, 37G. Discosia, 318. alriea, 318. Ditiola, 291. radicata, 291. 7imla, 291. Dothidea, 391. betulina, 391. Caricis, 392. fiUchia, 391. fulva, 391. Graiuinis, 391. Heraclei, 391. Jolmstoni, 392. Junci, 391. Piggotii, 391. Podagra rice, 391. ribesia, 391. Kosfe, 391. rubra, 391. strircfonnis, 391. Dothidea — continued. tetraspora, 391. Trifolii, 391. Uhiii, 391. Dothiora, 316. pjrenopliora, 316. spha;roidcs, 316. JEcnlia, 148. Echinobotryum, 328. atriun, 328. ElaphoiuyceS; 37S. anthraciiius, 378. gramdatus, 378. muricadts, 378. variogadisi, 378. Elvellacei, 358. Encoelia, 366. Eudodrotuia, 408. vitrea, 108. Endogone, 108. lactiflua, 109. pisiformis, 409. Endophyllum, 337. Sorai)crvivi, 337- Enertbenema, 309. elpgaii.9, 309. Endotbia, 384. gyrosa, 384. Entoloma, 142. Epicoccuiu, 341. Equiscti, 341. ncglectum, 311. Epocbuium, 356. fungoriim, 327. maci'osporoidi'um, 356. EryoU'l'ui, 351. Eriospora, 323. leurostoma, 323. Erysipbe, 405. communis, 405. graminis, 405. lamprocarpa, 405. Linkii, 405. Martii, 405. Montagnei, 405. tortilis, 405. Eurotium, 405. liorbariorum, 405. Eustictis, 375. Excipula, 321. clia'tostroma, 321. fusispora, 321. macrotricha, 321. Excipula — continued. strigosa, 321. Exidia, 289. glandulosa, 289. recisa, 289. saccharina, 289. Pibrina, 370. Fistulina, 257. hepatiea, 257. hepatiia, 135, 2 10. Flammula, 157. Fusariuiu, 341. lateritium, 341. roseum, 341. tremcUoides, 341. Fusidium, 351. album, 352. flaTOvircns, 352. griscum, 352. Fusisporiuta, 355. atrovirens, 355. aurantiacum, 355. bacilbgerum, 355. Betfe, 355. foeni, 355. Gcorginaj, 355. insidiosum, 355. roseolum, 355. Solani, 312, 351. Solani-tuberosi, 356. udum, 355. Galera, 102. Gasteromycetes, 292. Geaster, 299. Bryantii, 300. coliformis, 299. fimbriatus, 300. fimhriatus, 301. fornicatus, 299. hygromctricus, 301 . limbatus, 300. raammosus, 300. rufescens, 300. rufescetis, 300. striatus, 300. Genea, 378. Klotzsohii, 378. papulosa, 378. verrucosa, 378. Geoglossum, 301. atropurpureum, 361. dillbrme, 362. glabrum, 362. INDEX TO GENERA AND SPECIES. 431 Geoglossum — con- iiiiued, glutiiiosuiTi, 3G2. hirsutura, 302. olivaccuin, 361. viride, 361. viride, 361. Geopyxis, 365. Gibbera, 402. pulicaris, 403. Saubinetii, 403. Vaccinii, 403. Gloeosporium, 325. coneculi-ifiiin, 325. tVucligonuni, 325. lahcs, 325. lirticolor, 325. Gomphidius. gliitiuosus, 196. gracilis, 196. viscidus, 196. Gonatobotrys, 351. piiiiplox, 351.. Gonatosporium, 316. pucciiiioides, 347. Gonytrichum, 353. Civsium, 353. Grandinia, 264. gi-aiuilosa, 264. ffraiiii/usa, 265. Gymnosporangium, 330. Juniperi, 330. Gymnosporium, 328. Avundinis, 328. Gyromitra, 358. csc-uknita, 358. Haplaria, 3 ti). Kviscu, 349. Haplographium, 313. drlicatum, 313. Hebeloma, 152. I-Ielicoma, 315. IMulk-ri, 345. Helicosporium, 320. pulviiiatimi, 320. vot^vtum, 326. Helminthosporium, 344. Clavariarum, 3 15. delicatuhim, 3 15. folliculatum, 311. fusisporium, 311. I-Seliumthosporium- coniinued. macrocarpum, 344. naniim, 314. obovatiim, 315. Ivoussdianiim, 314. simplex, 344. Sinitliii, 344. sticticum, 345. subulatum, 344. Tiliffi, 344. turbinatum, 345. velutinum, 344. Helotium, 371. aciculare, 371. acuum, 372. terusinosum, 372. agaricinum, 371. Aspegrcnii, 372. Buccina, 372. calyculus, 372. citrinum, 372. claroflavum, 372. conigenum, 372. cribrosum, 372. epiphyllum, 372. fagiiieuin, 372. iibuliformo, 371. flavesccns, 372. lierbarum, 372. lenticulare, 372. lutescens, 372. Marchantia?, 372. oclu'jceuui, 372. pallescens, 372. phascoides, 372. puiictatuui, 372. salicelliim, 372. sclerotioides, 372. serotinum, 372. subtile, 372. subsessile, 372. tcstaccum, 372. \\\hn, 372. vei'silbrme, 372. vii'guUormn, 372. Helvella, 358. crispa, 359. elastica, 359. ephippium, 359. lacimosa, 359. stilcala, 359. Hendersonia, 317. arcus, 318. Hendersonia — con- tinued. elegans, 317. fibriseda, 318. macrospora, 317. mutabilis, 318. oreadcs, 318. polycystis, 318. Stephensii, 318. Kercospora, 402. puinda, 402. Heterosphseria, 379. jiatolla, 379. Hirneola, 289. aurieula-Judfr, 289. Humaria, 366. Elydnangium, 293. carota'oolor, 293. Hydnei, 257. Hydnobolites, 377. eerobriforniis, 378. Hydnotrya, 377. Tulasnei, 377. Hydnum, 257. alutaeeiim, 200. aui'iscalpiiim, 258. harha-Jovis, 203. caput-Mcdusiv, 259. compactmn, 258. coralloides, 259. crispum, 262. ei'inaceuiii, 259. farinaccum, 261. ferruginosum, 260. fuseiim, 260. gelatinosum, 259. graveolcns, 258. imbricatmn, 257. merabraiiacciim, 260. membranaceum, 261. niveuni, 261. ocliraceum, 259. plumosum, 261. rcpanduin, 258. nifcscens, 258. spathulatimi, 261. scpialimini, 259. udum, 261. variocolor, 269. Weinnianni, 200. zouatuni, 258. Hydrophora, 107. stereorea, 108. tcnciTiina, 407. 432 INDKX TO OKNKUA AND SPECIES. Hygrocybe, li)3. Hygrophorus, 197. agathosnius, l'J8. aromaticus, li)8. calyptrKfonni:^, 202. ceraceiis, 201. cerasmus, 197. ehrysodon, 197. coccineiis, 201. Coleraannianus, 200. conicus, 202. coiiiciis, 202. distans, 200. cburneus, 197. fusco-albus, 198. hypothejus, 198. Isetus, 200. leporiuus, 199. mesotephrus, 198. miniatus, 201. muriuaceus, 203. murinaceus, 100. nivcus, 199. obrusseus, 202. olivaceo-albus, 198. ovinus, 200. oviinis, 115. ])ratcnsis, 199. psittaeinus, 202. puniceus, 201. russo-coriaceus, 202. unguinosus, 202. unguinosns, 116. virgineus, 199. virci'nieus, 197. Xlymenochsete, 271. corrugata, 272. rubiginosa, 271. tabacina, 271. Hymenogaster, 295. citrinus, 295. dccorus, 295. decorm, 297. Klotzscliii, 295. luteus, 295. muticiis, 295. olivaceus, 296. pallidu3, 296. pusillus, 297. toner, 296. iener, 297. Tlnvait>9ii, 297. vulgaris, 296. Hymenomycetes, 89. Hymenoscypha, 370. Hymenula, 291. puiu-tilbriiiis, 291. Hypholoxua, 169. Hyphomycetes, 337. Hypocrea, 383. citrina, 383. farinosa, 383. floccosa, 383. gelatinosa, 383. lateritia, 383. lutco-virens, 383. rufa, 383. riccioidea, 383. typliina, 383. A'italba, 383. Hypocopra, 102. Hypogsei, 292. Hyporhodii, 139. Hypospila, 392. populiiia, 392. quert-ina, 392. HjrpoKylon, 385. argillaceum, 387. atro-purpureum, 387. coccineum, 386. coccineum, 357. cohoerons, 387. conceiitricum, 386. copropliilura, 386. fuscuni, 387. gastriniim, 386. luteum, 386. marginatum, 387. multiforme, 386. nummularium, 386. rubiginosura, 387. serpens, 387. suceenturiatum, 386. udum, 387. iistulatum, 385. Hysterangiuna, 291. ncpUriticum, 291'. Potnpholyx, 294. Thwaitesii, 291-. Hysterium, 380. arundinaceum, 380. Carmicbaelianum, 380, commune, 380. conigenum, 380. culmigenum, 380. curvatum, 380. clongatum, 380. foliicola, 380. Kysteriuiu — continue Fraxini, 380. linearc, 380. maeularc, 380. melaleucum, 380. Pinastri, 380. l)ulicare, 380. Kubi, 380. typliinum, 380. Yaccinii, 380. lUosporium, 341. carneum, 341. coccineum, 342. corallinum, 342, roseuni, 311. Inodermei, 248. Inoloma, 187. Institale, 357. acarlfonnis, 357. elliisa, 357. radiata, 357. Irpex, 262. candidus, 262. Johnstoni, 262. lacteus, 262. obliqiuis, 262. pendulus, 262. Isaria, 338. arachnophila, 338. bracliiata, 338. citrina, 338. farinosa, 338. Friesii, 338. intricata, 338. puberula, 338. Isariacei, 338. Isothea, 392. pustula, 392. rhytismoides, 392. saiigna, 392. Kueiffia, 265. sctigera, 265. Lachnea, 367. Laclnu'Ua, 373. £Q. lubi'ica, 300. nana, 360. Iiepiota, 92. Li'iD-drin niijra, 327. lieptonia, 110. Iiepto stroma, 313. earieinum, 313. fdicinum, 313. junc-iuum, 313. litigiosuui, 313. Spinva-, 313. vulgare, 313. Leptothyrium, 314. Fragaria', 315. Juglandis, 315. Ribis, 315. Iieucospori, 89. Iiicea, 311. applauata, 311. cylindrica, 311. fragiformis, 311. peiTcptans, 311. Iiophium, 381. elatum, 381. uiytilinum, 381. Lycogala, 304. epidendi-um, 305. parietiuuui, 305. Lycoperdon, 301. atvo-purpureuni, 302. ea'latum, 302. geinuiatum, 302. giganteuiu, 302. pusillum, 302. pyriforme, 302. saccatum, 302. Macrosporiuin, 345. Brassica;, 345. Chcirantbi, 345. conciiinum, 345. sarcinula, 345. Marasmius, 218. alliaceus, 223. amadelplius, 221. androsaeeus, 222. arcbyropus, 220. Maiasmius — con- tinued. candidus, 222. epipliyllus, 224. ei-ythropus, 220. foetidus, 221. fut^c.i-pHrpuirus, 219 gvaiMiiiMui, 22l'. hwm,iliia'i,li,iliis, 130. Hudsoni, 223. insititius, 223. oreades, 219. oreades, 218-220. perforans, 223. peronatug, 218. l^orreus, 219. ramealis, 221. rotula, 222. rotula, 223. saccliariiuis, 224. scovodonius, 220. spodoloucus, 22 1. Stepbeiisii, 220. uvcns, 218. VailJantii, 221. Wynnei, 219. Mass aria, 402. fimeti, 402. foedans, 402. __ iuquinans, 402. Melaiupsora, 333. betulina, 334. Eupliorbia?, 333. populina, 334. sabcina, 334. Tremulne, 331. Melancouium, 323. bicolor, 324. magnum, 324. spbnerospei-mum, 324. Melanogaster, 292. ambiguus, 293. ainbiffuus, 295. Bfoomeianus, 293. intermedins, 293. variegatus, 293. rariegatus, 293. Melasmia, 319. aoerina, 319. abiea, 319. Melo^ramxna, 301. l'usi.s])orum, 391. bonialcum, 391. 2 F 431. INDEX TO GENERA AND SPECIES. Melogramma— fo/;- tinucd. oligosporum, 391. rubro-iiotatuin, 3'Jl. lyienispora, 353. luciili, 353. Memlius, 251. aiinmtiacus, 256. . Cariiiicliaolianus, 256. coriuin, 255. eorium, 273. lacrymans, 256. molluscus, 255. pallens, 256. Porinoidcs, 255. nifus, 255. serpens, 255. tremellosus, 255. Micropera, 322. (Irui)acearuin, 322. Microsphsera, 104. Berberidis, 40 1. GrossulariBB, 404. penicillata, 404. Mitrula, 360. cucullata, 3G0. paludosa, 360. Mollisia, 370. Monilia, 351. fasciculata, 351. ramosa, 351. Monotospora, 341. me!Talus|)oi-a, 3 i 1. splKun.copliala, 311. Morchella, 35S. csciileiita, 35K. patula, 358. scmililx'va, 358. Mucediues, 317. Tflycena, 121. Myrothecium, 311. roridum, 341. Myxacium, 186. MyTtogastres, 301. Myxormia, 321. Miixonnia, 357. atro-viridis, 321. Myxosporium^ 325. coUicidosuiii, 325. orbicularc, 325. l)aradoxuni, 325. IVIjrxotrichum, 353. cbartaruni, 353. deflexum, 353. Mucor, 407. amotliystcus, 4.07. caniiius, 407. elavatus, 407. delicatidus, 4.07. fusigcr, 407. Mucedo, 407. Pbycomyces, 407. ramosus, 407. subtilissimus, 407. succosus, 407. tenerrimus, 407. Mucoriui, 407. Myxothecium, 357. WEematelia, 290. encephala, 290. nueleata, 290. viivseens, 290. Naucoria, 159. Wectria, 393. aquifolia, 393. arenula, 394. aurantia, 393. Bloxami, 394. cinnabarina, 393. coceinea, 393. cucurbilida, 393. epispbseria, 394. navida, 393. funicola, 393. gvaminicola, 394. ilehiiindiicola, 394. inaurata, 393. muscivova, 391. of'liracea, 393. ocliracco-pallida, 394. Peziza, 393. Platasca, 393. Purtoni, 394. Ralfsii, 395. rosoUa, 395. Rousseliana, 394. sanguinea, 393. sinopica, 393. umbrina, 394. Nemaspora, 325. cvocea, 325. Rosa>, 325. Nematogonuxu, 348. aurantiacuiii, 348. aurcuin, 3 IS. Neottiosporia, 118. Carieuin, 118. Nidulariacei, ."^ll. Nolanea, 117. Wyctalis, 217. astoropbora, 217. parasitica, 218. Octaviania, 292. astcrospenua, 292. Stephensii, 292. Odontia, 261. fimbriata, 261. OQdemium, 341. atruin, 344. Oidium, 350. abortifacieiis, 351. jequivocum, 351. aureum, 350. Hal. 1 a mil, 351. eliartarum, 350. conecntricum, 351 . erysiphoides, 351. fasciculatuin, 350. favomm, 351. fructigenuui, 350. fulvTini, 350. Leucocoiiium, 351. monUioides, 351. Pon-iginis, 350. Tucleri, 351. Omphalia, 130. Oomyces, 393. carneo-albiis, 393. Onygena, 106. f\\m», 406. equina, 406. pibgena, 406. Ophiotheca, 310. c;liTysosperma, 310. Pachnocybe, 339. acicula, 339. albida, 339. grisca, 339. subulata, 339. Pachyphloeus, 377. citrinus, 377. eoiigloiiieratus, 377. melaiioxaiitbu.s, 377. Panseolus, 174. Panus, 226. concliatus, 227. stypticus, 227. tondosus, 226. Papulaspora, 354. sepedonioides, 354. INDEX TO GENERA AND SPECIES. 135 Patellaria, 373. atrata, 373. citrina, 373. clavispora, 373. discolor, 373. livida, 373. rhabarbariiia, 373. Patellea, 371. Paxillus, li^)5. atrofonk'ntosu?, 11)5. iuvolutus, 1'J5. inrolutus, 15S. paiiuoidos, in;;. Pelastea, 371. Penicilliuxn, 350. bicolor, 350. candidum, 350. corcmium, 350. crustaceum, 350. fascicidatum, 350. roseum, 350. sparsum, 350. subtile, 350. Perichaena, 311. abictiua, 311. l)opuliiia, 311. Periconia, 313. calicioidcs, 313. glaucoccphala, 313. Peridermium, 33(5. I'latiiinni, 33G. Pini, 336. Pcriola tomentosa, 312, 35G. Perisporiacei, 403. Perisporiura, 403. Arundinis, 403. princejjs, 403. Peronospora, 318. Peronos])Oi'a, 108. arboi'cscous, 3 iO. Arcnariee, 34U. curta, 349. destructor, 349. effusa, 349. ganglion iforniis, 349. grisea, 349. infestans, 349. macrospora, 3 19. parasitica, 319. parasitica, 318. Urtioa3, 349. Vicise, 319. violacea, .349. Pestalozzia, 321. Oucpini, 324. Peziza, 3G2. acetabulum, 362. acuum, 368. albo-spadicL-a, 368. albo-tcstacoa, 369. albo-violascens, 368. ainorj)ha, 369. anoniala, 369. apala, 369. argillacca, 366. aspidiicola, 369. at rata, 371. atro-virens, 370. aurantia, 363. aurelia, 369. axillaris, 371. badia, 363. Berkeleii, 369. bicolor, 368. Bloxami, 369. bolaris, 370. brunnea, 367. Cacalia;, 370. ca^rulca, 368. ca'sia, 369. calycina, 368. caucus, 370. caulicola, 368, cerea, 363. cerinca, 368. ChaiUctii, 371. Cliavetiffi, 369. ciborioides, 370. ciliaris, 368. cinorea, 370. clandcstina, 3G8. claro-Jlava, 372. C'lavariarum, 369. clavus, 370. coccinea, 367. coL'Iiloata, 363. couipressa, 371. coruea, 371. Cornubiensis, 365. corouata, 370. corticalis, 368. cribrosa, 372. cupularis, 365. Curreyi, 370. cyatlioidea, 370. donicstica, 369. echinopliila, 370. Peziza — continued. epispha?ria, 368. crecta, 366. eriobasis, 369. erumpins, 371. fasciculari?, 36r. firma, 370. flcxella, 371. fructigena, 372. fusarioides, 371. fusca, 369. furliu-acea, 366. glunuirum, 366. (jrodroniana, 3G8. granulata, 366. areviUei, 369. helotioides, 372. hcmisplierica, 367. hispidula, 368. huniosa, 366. hyalina, 369. iiiflexa, 370. Johnstoni, 369. Iccidiola, 371. Ledi, 370. leporiua, 363. leucolouia, 366. leucostignia, 371. lignyota, 371. livida, 3G8. luteo-iiitens, 361. macropus, 365. macropus, 358. Marchantia; 372. mclaloma, 366. melanothcja, 371. melastoma, 367. melaxantha, 368. micrometra, 371. micropus, 364. niutabilis, 369. iiitidula, 370. nivea, 368. omphalodcs, 366. onotica, 363. papillaris, 369. Piggotii, 369. Piiieti, 369. plano-unibilicata, 369. Polytriclii, 366. pustulata, 361. radiculata, 367. radula, 361. Rapuluni, 365. 43G IXDEX TO GENERA AXD SPECIES. Peziza — continued. i-epanda, 363. Rosa-, 369. rudis, 370. rufo-olivacca, 368. rutilans, 366. sanguinea, 369. saniosa, 366. Sehmnachcri, 368. scutellata, 368. sepulta, 365. sijiavia, 370. si)hicrioides, 371. stercorea, 368. straniimim, 369. striata, 370. succosa, 363. sulpliui-ea, 369. trechispora, 368. tricolor, 368. tuberosa, 365. variecolor, 368. veuosa, 362. villosa, 369. vinosa, 370. virginea, 368. vitellina, 368. viridaria, 361. vesiculosa, 36-1'. Tiiljiaris, 371. xaiilliostigma, 371. Phacidiacei, 379. Phacidium, 379. carbonaceiun, 379. coronal um, 379. dentatum, 379. Piui, 379. repaiidum, 379. Eubi, 379. Yaccinii, 379. Phalloidei, 297. Phallus, 297. impudicus, 297- io«nK)s, 298. Phelonitis, 311. :^tn)bilina, 311. Phialea, 370. Phlebia, 263. coiitorta, 261. merismoides, 263. radiata, 263. radiata, 271. vaga, 26 1. Phlegmacium, 183. Phlyctsena, 323. Johnstonii, 323. vagabunda, 323. Pholiota, 1J9. Phoma, 313. asteriscus, 314. bieuspidatuin, 31k concentricuni, 311. deprcssum, 311'. devastatrix, 31 1-. epileiK'um, 311. eriopliorum, 311. exiguum, 311. fibricola, 314. Iledenr, 314. iiiophiluin, 314. Lingam, 314. longissimum, 311. raicroscopicum, 314. muciferuin, 31 1. iiebulosum, 314. iiothura, 314. piceuni, 314. radula, 314. Samarorum, 314. sticticum, 314. ulinicola, 31 1. Plit/comyces niteiu, 407. Phyllactinia, 101. guttata, 104. Physarum, 307. album, 307. atrutii, 307. bulbifornie, 307. liyalinum, 308. lilaciiuim, 307. nietallicum, 3U7. luitau?, 307. rubiginosum, 307. ulricuhire, 308. Physomycetes, 106. Physonema, 331. Pilacre, 356. i'aginea, 356. Pctcrsii, 356. Pilidium, 318. accriniim, 318. carbonacem, 319. Pistillaria, 285. culmigena, 285. micans, 285. puberula, 286. pusilla, 286. quii^qiiiliaris, 286. Placodermei, 211. Pleurotus, 13 1. Pluteus, 141. Podisoma, 331. foliicoluni, 331. Juniperi-communi?, 331. Junipori-Sabinnc, 331. Podospcrium, 334. Polyangium, 312. vitcllinum, 312. Polyactis, 350. caua, 350. cinerea, 350. fasciculata, 350. vera, 350. vulgaris, 350. Polyporei, 229. Polyporus, 237. abietinus, 249. adiposus, 243. adustus, 243. alligatus, 241. amorphus, 243. aneirinus, 252. aiinosus, 247. applanatiis, 245. Armeniacus, 250. bctulinus, 244. bombyciuus, 250. brumalis, 237, ca-sius, 242. oarpineus, 243. cervinus, 247. cliioueus, 241. ciiictus, 250. concliatus, 245. connatus, 248. coiniattcs, 251. conliguus, 249. cris])us, 2 13. crista! us, 210. cytisinus, 217. destructor, 213. dryadexis, 244. clegans, 239. fcrruginosus, 21-9. Gbula, 2 18. fomeutarius, 215. tragi. is, 242. fraxineus, 247. fumosus, 215. fuscidulus, 237. giganteus, 240. INDEX TO GENERA AND SIECIES. 437 Polyporus — continued, llerhiniU, 238. hdcroclitus, 211. hispidus, 213. lijbridus (sec Adden- da), igniai'ius, 246. iiieavnatus, 250. iiitybaci'us, 210. lontus, 237. Ic'ptocc'phalus, 237. liicidus, 21.0. nicduUa-panis, 251. inediilla-panis, 218. molluscus, 251. nidulans, 242. nigricans, 248. nitidus, 250. nummtdarius, 239. obducens, 251. palloscens, 244. perennis, 238. pieipes, 239. purpureus, 250. quercinus, 239. radiatus, 248. Ribis, 246. Rostkovii, 238. rufescens, 238. )'utilans, 242, saliciuus, 246. salignus, 241. Schweinitzii, 238. scoticns, 248. spumeus, 244. squamosus, 238. squamo-sus, 237. Stei)honsii, 252. suhpilcafns, 218. sulfureu.s, 211. tcrrestris, 252. iilmarius, 216. Vaillantii, 252. vaporarius, 252. variegatus, 217. varius, 239. vegotus, 245. volutinus, 248. rchdinus, 252. versicolor, 218. vitreus, 251. vulgaris, 251. W yiinci, 219. zonalus, 219. Polycystis, 331. C.ilcldci, 335. parallcla, 335. Viola>, 335. Polysaccum, 304. olivaccuni, 301. jiisornrpiuiji, '.iOi. Poh/.s/iciiis, 253. Polythrincium, 316. Trilblii, 316. Poronia, 385. punctata, 385. Porothelium, 556. Fricsii, 257. Pratellse, 165. Propolis, 375. Propolis, 376. Prosthemium, 321. bctulinuni, 321. Psalliota, 165. Psathyra, 173. Psathyrella, 176. Psilocybe, 171. Psilonia, 356. Arundinis, 356. gQva, 356. nivea, 356. Psilopezia, 373. Babingtonii, 373. Puccinia, 329. ^Egopodii, 330. Anemones, 330. Asparagi, 329. Betoniese, 330. bullaria, 330. Buxi, 330. Caltha?, 330. Campanula?, 330. Chrysosplcnii, 330. Circppa?, 330. clandcstina, 330. com))ositarum, 330. covonata, 329. Epilobii, 330. Faba>, 330. galiorum, 330. Glccliomatis, 329. glomerata, 330. gracilix, 329. Graminis, 329. Lyebnidcarum, 330. ]\lentlia<, 329. Polygonorum, 329. PrinuiliT, 329. Puccinia — continued. Brunorum, 330. pulverulenta, 330. Rhodiola;, 330. Sanicula;, 330. Saxifragarum, 330. Seorodoniff', 330. Sero])lndari!r, 330. Smyrnii, 330. striola, 330. syngenesiarum, 330. truncata, 329. umbellileraruni, 330. Umbilici, 330. Vaginalium, 329. Yalantia;, 330. variabilis, 330. A^eronicarum, 329. Vinc£e, 330. Violarum, 330. Puccinisei, 328. Pyrenophora, 402. plijeocomes, 402. Rabenhorstia, 322. rudis, 322. Tilia-, 322. Radulum, 263. orbiculare, 263. quercinum, 263. Reticularia, 305. atra, 305. maxima, 305. umbrina, 305. Rhinotrichum, 348. Bloxami, 348. Opuntia, 348. Tliwaitesii, 3 18. Rhizopogon, 291. rubescens, 291. Rhopalomyces, 35 1. eandidus, 355. pallidum, 355. Rhytisma, 379. acerinum, 379. Andromcdir, 379. maximum, 379. punctatum, 379. salieinum, 379. Urtica', 379. Roestelia, 336. caiiccllata, 336. cornula, 336. lacerata, 336. 138 INDEX TO GENERA AND SPECIES. Russula, 209. adusta, 209. adust a, 218. iilutacca, 214. aiirata, 213. decoloraus, 21 i. dolica, 210. (U-pallens, 211. clcphaiitiiia, 210. cnnotica, 212. tVctens, 213. fijetens, 210. iVagilis, 213. fiii-oata, 210. liotcropliylla, 211. Integra, 219. lopida, 212. lutea, 214. nigricans, 209. nitida, 214. ochroleuca, 212. rosacea, 210. rubra, 212. sanguinea, 210. sardonia, 211. Tosea, 211. virescens, 212. vitellina, 215. Sarcoscypha, 367. Schizophyllum, 228. commune, 228. Scleroderma, 303. liovista, 303. verrucosum, 303. vulgare, 303. Sclerotium, 109. Sepedoniei, 355. Sepedonium, 355. elirysospernuim, 355. roscum, 355. Septonema, 327. s|)ilonuMnn, 327. Septoria, 319. Ajeris, 319. ^gopodii, 319. Badhami, 320. Convolvuli, 320. cornicola, 320. graminum, 320. lIcdcrsB, 320. hetcrochroa, 320. Ilippocastani, 319. insularis, 320. Septoria — continued. Lepidii, 319. lituus, 320. nodorum, 319. Oxyacantlia?, 319. Polygonorum, 320. Populi, 320. Kalfsii, 320. rttfo-mactdans, 3:iO. salicella, 319. stemmatea, 320. thecicola, 320. Ulmi, 319. Sistotrema, 261. eonlhiens, 2G2. Spathularia, 300. (lavida, 300. Sphseria, 394. acervata, 396. acuminata, 400. acus, 399. ambli/ospora, 402. anarithma, 401. angustilabra, 397. anserina, 398. apiculata, 397. apotheciorum, 390. appendiculosa, 399. aqnila, 394. Argus, 398. Arundinis, 397. Ashwelliana, 399. Aspegrenii, 396. ♦ aucta, 398. Avellanae, 401. harbula, 390. IJcrberidis, 396. Herktleii, 398. biforrais, 391. Bombarda, 395. botryosa, 395. bracbythele, 396. BrassiciV, 395. brassiciTCola, 401. bruniieola, 401. bufouia, 398. c.Tsia, 394. callicarpa, 396. callimorplia, 395. calva, 395. caneseens, 395. capillifcra, 395. carpinca, 401. caudata, 390. Sphaeria — continued. celata, 398. ceuthosporoidcs, 399 Chtetomium, 395. ciliaris, 398. cirrbosa, 397. Clivensis, 400. clypeala, 399. coUabens, 396. couimanipula, 400. conilbrmis, 400. confl liens, 3^)5. contbrmis, 399. Corni, 398. Corni-Suecica>, 400. Coryli, 401. criicifcrarum, 100. cupulari.^, 396. culmifraga, 397. Curreyii, 396. curvirostra, 400. decedens, 398. derasa, 400. Dfsmazierii, 394. Dickiei, 394. dioica, 396. discutieus, 398. doclimia, 398. Uoliohini, 400. duplex, 401. elongata, 397. epiderinidis, 399. epispbxria, 394. Erysiphina, 401. Eres, 395. Eryngii, 401. eucryi)ta, 401. eutypa, 397. exeipuliformis, 397. cxilis, 395. fareta, 398. iibritecta, 397. iiinbfiata, 100. frondiro/a, 320. i'uscL'lla, 399. futilis, 399, Grigaspora, 398. Gbs, 398. Gnomon, 401. Godini, 397. Jlt'dcrwco/a, 320. jroleiur,400. lielicospora, lOl. lieinitapha, 397. IxN'DEX TO GKNERA AND SPECIES. 439 S-phseria.— con fill ued. lu'i-l)anim, 100. lu'rpotriclia, 3J'J. liirsuta, 3'J5. liispida, 395. hypotcplira, 397. iiiquiliua, 398. inmniiera, 395. intcniiixta, 399. Jeuynsii, 396. Juglandis, 397. Laburni, 396. lampadophora, 397. laiiata, 398. Leightoni, -101. ligneola, 397. Ligustri, 401. lineolata, 399. lirella, 399. livida, 397. Lonicersp, 397. Lunaria?, 400. macrostoma, 397. maci'otricha, 395. iiiufidnformis, 401. niaeulans, 399. inanima-formis, 395. mastoidea, 396. melanotes, 397. molina, 399. Millcpiinctata, 398. modesta, 400. moriformis, 395. moroides, 396. niutabilis, 394. myriocarpa, 396. nidxila, 396. nigerrima, 396. nigrans, 400. iiigivlla, 400. inieula, 396. obducens, 395. obliterans, 395. oblitescens, 399. ocellata, 399. Ogilviensis, 400. Ostruthii, 401. ovina, 395. palustris, 401. papavorca, 395. pantberina, 399. pardalota, 399. pcUita, 395. perexigua, 395. Sphseria — continued. portusa, 396. pbfposticta, 401. pluvostroiiia, 394. phomatospora, 398. pilifera, 397. pilosa, 395. rinastri, 399. planiuscula, 400. jxrcilostoma, 396. pouiifoviuis, 395. populina, 396. pi-uinosa, 398. Pteiidis, 401. pidvoracea, 396. pulvisrula, 396. pulvis-pyrius, 395. punctiformis, 401. pusilla, 399. quadi'inviclcata, 399. Kacodiiun, 394. ivciitita, 401. revelata, 399. rliytidodes, 395. roslellata, 400. rubella, 400. Rubi, 399. rubicola, 396. Euniicis, 401. Eusci, 399. sabuletorum, 401. salieella, 398. seabra, 395. scirpicola, 398. sporiadca, 397. serailibera, 400. sctacea, 401. siparia, 398. sordaria, 395. Spartii, 397. sperinoides, 395. spicvilosa, 398. spinosa, 397. stercoraria, 395. strigosa, 395. superfjcialis, 395. Tamaricis, 399. tenebrosa, 400. thelena, 394. Tbwaitesii, 400. tomieiini, 399. tost a, 400. tristis, 39J. tritoridosa, 400. Sphseria — conlinucd. trivialis, 399. tubwformis, 401. unieaudata, 398. Vcctis, 400. Tclata, 398. vestieola, 396. vibratilis, 398. vilis, 396. Xylostei, 398. Zohelii, 402. Sphseriacei, 381. Ephserobolus, 312. stellatus, 312. Spbseronema, 315. epimvces, 315. leucoconium, 315. siibidatvim, 315. vitreum, 315. Sphseronemei, 313. Sphseropsis, 316. Alismatis, 316. arundinacea, 316. atro-vircns, 316. Candollci, 316. cyliiidrospora, 316. epitriclia, 316. geniculata, 316. leucostigma, 316. malorum, 316. nienispora, 316. mutica, 316. parca, 316. Ealfsii, 316. Strobi, 316. Taxi, 316. Sphseroscma, 378. ostiolntum, 378. Sphserotbeca, 401. Castagnei, 101. pannosa, 401. Spliinctrina, 373. turbinata, 373. Spiloiiia me/ a nop urn, 327. Sjiorendonema easel, 326. Sporidesmiuxn, 327. autiqmini, 327. compact uui, 327. fungonim, 327. melanopmii, 327. Lepraria, 327. polyiuorplumi, 327. pyrifornie, 327. scutellare, 327. 440 INDEX TO OKNEllA AND SPECIES. Sporidesxuium — con- li lined. uni^optatum, 327. Sporocybe, 3 18. alternata, 318. byssoides, 3 IS. nigrella, 318. Sporodum, 317. conopleDiclcs, 31-7. Sporoschisma, 327. niirabilo, 327. mirahilc, 3-lo. Sporodinia, JOS. (lic-liutoma, 108. Sporotrichum, 352. adraiitiacvini, 352. clilorinum, 352. fenestrale, 352. geochroum, 352. inosciilanf, 352. laxuni, 352. sulphiircuui, 352. Spumaria, 30G. alba, 306. Stachybotrys, 313. atra, 313. lobulata, 313. Stegia, 381. Ilicis, 381. lUcis, 381. StemouitiS; 308. arcyrioides, 309. ferrnginea, 30U. fusca, 30!). obtusata, 309. ovata, 309. riiysaroidcs, 309. pulcbella, 309. tvphoidfs, 309. x'iola.va, 309. Stegoncsp-ri'vina, 321. cellulosum, 324. Stereum, 270. acorimiin, 271. liirsiituin, 270. purpureum, 270. pitrpureum, 271. rugosuin, 271. riiffosum, 273, 271. sanguinoloiituni, 271. spadicciim, 270. Stephensia, 377. boinlivcina, 377. Stictis, 375. hystcrioidcs, 375. liflionicola, 375. longa, 375. microstoma, 375. nivea, 375. parallcla, 375. pallida, 375. Pliacidioides, 375. radiata, 375. sphcBralis, 373. versicolor, 375. AVauchii, 375. Stigmatea, 392. Alchemillse, 392. Chffitomium, 392. conforta, 392. Geraiiii, 392. Polvgonorum, 392. Kaiumculi, 392. Kobortiaiii, 392. Stilbacei, 339. Stilbosphora, 324. angnstata, 324. ovata, 324. Stilbum, 339. anomalum, 310. am-aiitiacum, 339. bieolor, 339. erythrocephalum, 339. fasciculatum, 339. fimctarium, 339. uigriim, 3 10. pcllucidum, 340. piliforme, 339. rigidum, 339. tomeiitosum, 339. turbinatum, 3 10. vaporarium, 339. vuigare, 3 10. Slriiiula BaUngtonii, 381. Strobilomyces, 236. f^trol.ihuvus, 236. Syzygites, 108. megulocarpus, 408. Tapezia, 369. Telamonia, 191. Tetraploa, 328. aristata, 328. Thamnomyces, 385. hi])potricliioi(lcs, 385. Thelephora, 266. anthoccphala, 267. Thelephora— co»//««cf/. aiithochroa, 270. arida, 269. biennis, 268. byssoides, 269. ciTsia, 268. caryophylltBa, 207. crelacea, 275. cristata, 268. di-yiua, 275. fastidiosa, 268. laciniata, 268. Laurocerasi, 271. laxa, 269. moUissima, 268. moUissima, 269. olivacca, 269. palmata, 267. palmata, 268. putcana, 269. puteana, 269. sebacca (see Addend a). Sowcrbeii, 266. terrestris, 267. tuberosa, 267. versicolor, 270. Tilletia, 335. Caries, 335. Torula, 326. abbreviata, 826. antennata, 327. basicola, 326. cylindrica, 326. Eriophori, 326. Eriophori, 347. Graminis, 326. lierbarum, 326. Hysterioidcs, 326. monilioides, 326. ovalispora, 326. Plantaginis, 326. pulvillus, 326. sphflDrirelbrmis, 326. Sporcndonema, 326. Torulacei, 325. Trami'tes:, 252, 253. Trametes, 252. gibbosa, 253. odora, 253. Pini, 253. suavcolcns, 253. Tremella, 286. albida, 287. albida, 290. [NDEX TO GENEUA AND SPECIES. 411 Treiuella — continued. clavata, 288. epigsea, 289. ferruyinea, 287. fimbriata, 286. foliacea, 287. frondosa, 286. indecorata, 288. intumesceus, 287. lutescens, 287. moriformis, 287. sarcoides, 288. tosta, 288. tuberciilaria, 288. versicolor, 288. vesicaria, 287. Tremellini, 286. Trichia, 310. Ayresii, 310. cerina, 310. chrysoperma, 311. clavata, 310. faUax, 310. Lorinseriana, 310. Neeslana, 310. nigripes, 310. pyriformis, 310. rubifonnis, 310. serotiua, 310. serpula, 311. turbinata, 310. varia, 311. Trichobasis, 332. Artemisia), 332. Betse, 332. caricina, 332. Cichoracearum, 332. Epilobii, 333. Fabse, 332. Galii, 332. Geranii, 333. glumarum, 332. Heraclei, 332. Labiatarum, 332. linearis, 332. linearis, 332. Lychiiidearum, 332. oblongata, 332. Petroselini, 332. Polygonorum, 332. PyroliE, 332. Rubigo-vera, 332. Scillarum, 332. Senecionis, 332. Trichobasis — con- Syraphiti, 332. tinned. suaveolens, 332. UmbcUatarum, 332. Vincffi, 332. Violarum, 333. Triblidium, 37'.). caliciiforme, 380. Trichoderma, ?)ol . virido, 357. Trichodermacei, 356. Tricho^astres, 298. Tricholoma, 97. 'Trichothecium roseum, 135 Triphragmium, 329. Ulnuu'iie, 329. Triposporium, 345. elegans, 315. Trochila, 381. Trochila, 381. Crateriuin, 381. Lauro-Cerasi, 381. Tuber, 376. icstivum, 376. bituminatum, 376. brumale, 376. dryophUuni, 376. macrosporum, 376. nitidum, 376. puberulum, 376. rufum, 376. scleroucuron, 376. Tuberacei, 376. Tubercularia, 340. granulata, 341. nigricans, 341. persicina, 341. vulgaris, 3-JO. Tuburcinia, 335. scabies, 336. Trientalis, 336. Tulostoma, 299. maiinnosum, 299. Tympanis, 373. alnea, 374. conspersa, 374. Fraxini, 374. saligna, 374. Typhula, 289. er\thropus, 284. fdUoniiis, 285. gracilis, 285. Grevillei, 285. Typhula— continued. incarnata, 285. muscicola, 285. phacorrhiza, 284. Uncinula, 404. adunca, 40i. bicoruis, 404. Uredo, 331. Alliorum, 331. bifrons, 331. Caryophyllacearuiu, 331. CircajiB, 331. confluens, 331. Equiseti, 341. Filicum, 331. Hypericorum, 331. Poteutillanim, 331. pustulata, 331. Quercus, 331. Saxifragarum, 331. Statices, 331. Vacciniomim, 331. Uromyces, 333. Alliorum, 333. apiculata, 333. appendiculata, 333. Ficariee, 333. intrusa, 333. Iridis, 333. Limonii, 333. Priraulic, 333. Ulmaria), 333. Ustilago, 335. antlierarum, 335. flosculorum, 335. gi-ammica, 335. liypodytes, 335. longissima, 335. Maydis, 335. Montagnei, 335. olivacea, 335. receptaculorum, 335. Salveii, 335. segetum, 335. typhoides, 335. urceolorum, 335. utriculosa, 335. vinosa, 335. Valsa, 389. Abietis, 390. agla?ostoma, 390. 2g 442 INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES. Valsa —continued. ambiens, 390. nngidata, 389. biconit-a, 390. bitonilosa, 390. clirysostroma, 390. concamerata, 389. controvei*sa, 389. convcrgcns, 390. coronata, 389. Cratsegi, 389. detrusa, 389. dissepta, 389. dryina, 389. enteroleuca, 389. extensa, 389. faginea, 390. fenestrata, 390. fibrosa, 389. furfuracea, 390. hapalocystis, 390. hypodermia, 390. Innesii, 390. intexta, 390. Kunzei, 389. leipha;mia, 390. leucostoma, 389. lutcola, 389. microstoma, 389. nivea, 389. platanigera, 390. platan oides, 390. Valsa — contin ued. profusa, 389. Prunastri, 389. puldiolla, 390. pulflu-a, 390. quaternata, 390. quernoa, 390. rhodophila, 390. salicina, 390. stcUata, 389. stilbostoma, 390. siiffusa, 390. syngenesia, 389. tetraploa, 390. tetraspora, 390. tetratrupha, 390. tiliaginea, 390. turgida, 390. vestitn, 390. Verxnicularia, 318. atrameutaria, 318. circinans, 318. dematium, 318. trichella, 318. Verpa, 359. conica, 359. digitaliformis, 359. Verticillium, 319. apicale, 819. distans, 319. epimyces, 349. lateritium, 349-408. Verticillium — con- tinueJ. namun, 3 19. Vibrissea, 301. truucorum, 3G1. Virgaria, 352. nigra, 352. Volutella, 340. Buxi, 340. ciliata, 340. liyacinthorum, 340. melaloma, 340. sctosa, 310. Volvaria, 139. Xenodochus, 328. carbonarius, 329. Xerotus, 227. degener, 227. Xylaria, 384. bulbosa, 385. carpophila, 384. comiformis, 384. digitata, 394. Hypoxylon, 3. "4. pedunculata, 385. polymorpba, 384. Xylographa, 375. Zasxuidium, 406. ceUare, 407. Zygodesmus, 352. fii-cus, 352. 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