i E S SAGE FROM TISE PRESIDENT OF TilE UNITED STATES TRANSMITTING A REPORT FROM THE SECRETARY OF STATI' CONCERNING TIIE UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION TO BE HELD AT PARIS IN THE YEAR 1367. To the Senate and House of RPepresentatives of the United States: I transmit a report of this date from the Secretary of State, and the papers referred to therein, concerning the Universal Exposition to be held at Paris in the year 1867, in which the United States have been invited by the governnent of France to take part. I commend the subject to your early and favorable consideration. ANDREW JOHNSON. WASEHINGTON, December 11, 1865. DEPARTMENT OF STATE, W;ashing,ton, Decetber 11, 1865. The Secretary of State has the honor to submit a copy of correspondence between' the Department of State and the minister of France upon the subject of an invitation extended by the government of France to that of the United States, to take part in a proposed Universal Exposition to be held at Paris in the year 1867; also a copy of correspondence between the department and the minister of the United States at Paris, and other papers, explaining the nature and magnitude of the Exposition, the general utility of such exhibitions, and the measures which it has been found expedient to adopt, subject to the approval of Conigress, in order to secure for the United States the advantages of participation by their citizens in the Exposition. It being necessary that the imperial commission at Paris should, to enable them to carry out their programme of arrangements, so far as it relates to the United States, be notified, without delay, of' the decision of this government, it becomes important for Congress, at the earliest practicable moment, to adopt such proceedings as in their judgment may be best calculated to meet the requirements of the occasion. Special attention is invited to the copy of a letter of the 16th ultimo from N. AM. Beckwith, esquire, the Provisional Commissioner General of the United 2 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION AT PARIS States at Paris, which is appendd to one ofi the same date from Mr. Bigelow, and which clearly explains the importance"ofprompt action. From the correspondence it will appear that the selection of the officers hereinafter named, subject to the approval of Congress, was an indispensable preliminary for any participation by the United States in the exhibition, namely: John Bigelow, esquire, (the minister of the United States at Paris,) special agent of the United States for the Exposition, (without extra compensation for that service; N. M. Beckwith, esquire, Commissioner General of the United States, (without compensation;) Monsieur J. F. Loubat, honorary commissioner of the United States, (without compensation;) J. C. Derby, esquire, general agent in the United States, resident at New York. It will also appear that suclh appropriation for the payment of necessary expenses as may be made will be a judicious outlay, from which large returns may be confidently anticipated in effects upon the national revenues and resources, by tending to expand the demand for our productions, by attracting for the development of our latent wealth re-enforcements of labor and capital, and in the collection and diffusion of useful knowledge, of the improved applications of science to agriculture, manufactures, and art, through the results of the reports of the general scientific committee. The moral influence, moreover, of a just and liberal illustration of the vitality and progress of this nation, at such an international gathering, so soon after a great civil war, ought not to be overlooked in the consideration of this subject. Respectfully submitted: WILLIAM H. SEWARD. The PRESIDENT. UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION AT PARIS. 3 DESCRIPTIVE LIST OF ACCOMPANYING PAPERS. Page. Mr. de Geofroy to Mr. Seward, 27th March, 1865, inviting the United States to unite in the exhibition ----------................-..-........ —-- ----—. —-------- 7 Mr. Seward to Mr. Bigelow, 5th April, 1865, who is instructed to say that the President favorably regards the project; promising concurrence so far as possible, subject to the approval of Congress, &c -....... —----------—. 8 Mr. Seward to Mr. de Geofioy, 7th April, 1865, relative to the above reply —----- 8 Mr. Bigelow to Mr. Seward, 12th April, (extract;) Mr. Bigelow's conference, at the invitation of Prince Napoleon, with Mr. Le Play, the imperial commissioner, upon the subject; has consulted N. M. Beckwith, esq., formerly a commissioner at the _New York exhibition. —--- ------------------------------------------ 9 Mr. Beckwith to Mr. Bigelow, 3d April, 1865; the utility of such exhibitions; experience thereof in France. Causes of the failure of the United States to fully participate in former exhibitions. Requirements necessary to secure for us the benefits of this one: 1st. The appoinment of a competent commissioner. 2d. An agency at New York. 3d. A committee composed-Ist, of professional and scientific persons, whom the government should appoint to study and report on the exhibition; 2d, of agents appointed by States or associations, &c., to aid the general work; the agent at New York, and the professional men appointed by government, to be paid —all others to serve gratuitously. Reasons why Congress will probably provide the necessary funds. —--.... —--—. —------------ 10 Mr. Bigelow to Mr. Seward, (extract,) 17th April, 1865, recommending the selection of Mr. N. M. Beckwith as Commissioner General of the United States for the Exposition ------------------------------------------------------------------—. 12 Mr. Hunter to Mr. Bigelow, 5th June, 1865, expressing the opinion that Congress will gladly sanction the appointment of Mr. Beckwith as Commissioner General. ——. 12 Mr. Seward to Mr. Bigelow, enclosing a letter of appointment for Mr.. J. F. Loubat as honorary commissioner.. —-—................ —----------------------—..... 13 Mr. Bigelow to Mr. Seiward, 2d August, 1865, as to the extent of the space to be allowed-nine times that reserved in former exhibitions; enclosed correspondence on this point, also general regulations and classification; leading features thereof. Local committees in the United States to select a commission of savans, agriculturists, manufacturers, &c., to report on the exhibition ------—. —-—... — —.. ----- 13 Mr. Le Play, imperial commissioner, to Mr. Bigelow, 22d July, 1865, enclosing regulations and plan fixing the extent of space at 2,788 square metres.- ---—.. -. 17 Table giving dates for the successive steps in the organization, &c., of the exhibition. 17 General regulations, 7th July, 1865. ----.... —-.- -. ——.-. —-—. 18 First section. General dispositions and system of classification, enumeration of groups. 18Second section. Special provisions concerning works of art.-.. —---—.....-. 20 Third section. Special provisions concerning the productions of agriculture and industry...-. ----------------------------------- 2 Section 1. Admission and classification. —.. —----------------------—. ---—. 20 Section 2. Conveyance, arrival, and location of goods in the palace and the park.... Section 3. Administration and police............................-..- ----—..... 23 Section 4. Closing of the Exposition and removal of goods........................- 24 Section B. System of classification-... —----- ------------------------------- 24 First group. Works of art....................... —--—... —------------------------ ------ 24 Second group. Materials and their application in the liberal arts.. —-. ------------ 24 4 UNJIVEiRSAL EXPOS'ITION Al' PARIS. Page. Third group. Furniture and other objects used in dwellings....-.- —. —-. —. 25 Fourth group. Garments, tissues for clothing, and other articles of.wearing apparel.. 26 Fifth group. Products, wrought and unvwrougllt, of extractive industries.... 27 Sixth group. Instruments and processes of common arts............ —-----—.............. 28 Seventh group. Food, fresh or preserved, in various stages of preparation ---. —-—. 30 Eighth group. Animals and specimens of agricultural establlshments -. ——. ——. 31 Ninth group. Living products and specimens of horticultural establishments —.... 31 Tenth group. Objects exhibited with a special view to the amelioration of the moral and physical condition of the population............. 32 Documnent C. Applications especially of French exhibitors. —- 32 Mr. Beckwith to Mr. Bigelow, 30tlh July, 1865; organization of the commission for the U nited States.- ----. —--- ---—.................................................... 33 Mr. Bigelow to Mr. Seward, No. 158, 22d August, 1865.-.. - --—....... 35 Mr. Le Play to Mr. Bigelow, assigning space to the United States in the palace. Space in the park reserved for future decision.. —--. —--—.... — - -. 35 Mr. Seward to Mr. Bigelow, No. 236, 2d September, 1865; Department of State cannot act upon the matter in the absence of legislation; all the space assigned will, however, probably be required; suggests extension of time for filing application-. 36 Mr Seward to Mr. Bigelow, No. 266, 21st September, 1865, enclosing statement, circular, and pamphlet; hopes the proposed extension of time will be ample, &c.. 36 Mr. Bigelow to AMr. Seward, No. 174, 21st September, 1865, as to the organization of an international scientific commission to note the recent advances in science and art, and to diffuse knowledge of useful discoveries. Suggests that the United States send a few of its cleverest mlien of science to form a part of this commission, &c. 37 Special order, of 10th September, 1865, by the imperial commission, establishing the scientific commission and prescribing its functions.-............................ 37 Mr. Hunter to Mr. Derby, 9th October, 1865, relative to his selection as agent in the United States for the Exposition, Steps already taken to promulgate information - 38 Mr. Hunter to Mr. Derby, 9th October, 1865, enclosing copy of instruction to Mr. Bigelow-.............................................................39 Mr. Hunter to Mr. Bigelow,, -No. 284, 9th October, 1865, announcing the selection of J. C. Derby, esq., as agent for the Exposition in the United States. Suggestion in regard to extension of time for applications. Encloses copy of communication from Governor Oglesby, of Illinois, concerning extension of time...................... 39 Governor Oglesby to Mr. Seward, September 28, 1865, (enclosure,) enclosing copy of letter from honorable John P. Reynolds, secretary of the State Agricultural Society of Illinois ----—. — —. —-—. —--- - - ---.................................... 39 Mr. Reynolds to Governor Oglesby, urging extension of time. —- -.. — - -. 40 Mr. Bigelow to Mr. Seward, No. 191, 27th October, 1665; selection of representative articles of every class rather than excess of any one class, to make the exhibition universal.-. —---------- -------------------------------- 41 MIr. Beckwith to Mr. Bigelow, 26th October, 1865; his arrangements with Mr. Derby; selections of articles; assistance is needed by Mr. Derby.........-............ 41 Mr. Seward to Mr. Bigelow, 11th November, 1865; receipt of No. 191, &c --—.. —- 42 Circular from Department of State, 18th October, 1865, enclosing statement of facts as to the appointuient of Mr. Derby, and filing applications.. —------- ---------- 42 Mr. Hunter to Mr. Bigelow, No. 290,'23d October, 1865; scientific commission. — 4:3 iMr. Bigelow to Mr. Seward, No. 189, 25th October, 1805; successful result of the application for extension of time for presenting applications from the United States - 43 Mir. Bigelow to Mir. Le Play, 13th October, 1865, applying for the extension of time.. 44 Mr. Lea Play to Mr. Bigelow, 23d October, 18,65, announcing the extension of time... 45 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION AT PARIS. 5 Page Mr. Bigelow to Mr. Le Play, 25th October, 1865; acknowledgment for the above concession.................. —------ -----------------------------—................................... —-------------- 46 Mr. Seward to Mr. Bigelow, No. 308, 13th November, 1865; thanks to imperial government and commission ------ ----- ----------—................................... 46 Mr. Bigelow to Mr. Seward, 16th November, 1865, enclosing copy of letter of same date from Mr. Beckwith, explaining importance of prompt action by Congress on the subject -....... —..-.- --------.... —--- 46 Circular to public by Mr. Derby, 16th November, 1865, giving ftll directions to applicants, and enclosing duplicate blank forms of application............ ——...... 47 Mr. Derby to governors of all States and Territories, 24th November, 1865, enclosing circulars and pamphlets-..-..... ---... —-------—.................. -- 48 Professor Joy to Mr. Derby, (extract,) December 4, 1865, relative to scientific committee to report on exhibition, and to the national effects of such exhibitions -...... 49 Mr. Thayer to Mr. Seward, October 15, 1865, trangmitting resolutions of Maryland Institute commending the proceedings of the Department of State on the subject ---—. 50 Mr. Seward to Mr. Thayer, 9th December, acknowledging the above.-.............. 51 Series of letters from Mr. Beckwith to Mr. Derby, and other papers relative to the details of exhibition, numbered 4, 9, 10, 12, 14, respectively --—................ —--------—.. 51 Mr. Bigelow to Mr. Seward, 24th November, 1865, No. 204, enclosing letters of the 23d and 24th November from Mr. Beckwith relative to estimates for appropriations necessary, and concerning the importance of such exhibitions to the United States -.. 57 lMr. Derby to Mr. Seward, December 14, 1865, enclosing copies of letters from Mr. Beckwith and Professor Joy relative to details to be carried out in forming the American part of the Exposition, namely: Mr. Beckwvith to Mr. Derby, 27th November, 1865; Mr. Beckwith to Mr. Derby 29th November, 1865; Professor Joy to Mr. Derby, 6th December, 1865 —---------........ — - ------ 60 CORRESPONDENCE. Mr. de Geofroy to Mr. Seward. [Translation. ] LEGATION OF FRANCE TO THE UNITED STATES TVashington, March 27, 1865. SIR: By two decrees, dated June 22 and the 1st of last month, the Emperor'has ordered that a universal exhibition of the productions of agriculture, manufacture, and the fine arts should be opened at Paris May 1, 1867. Another decree, also issued February 1, of this year, and published in the Moniteur the 21st of the same month, has placed this grand international solemnity. under the direction and supervision of a commission, the presidency of which has been confided to his Serene Highness Prince Napoleon, Such a selection bears too high testimony to the importance which the Emperor attacles to the success of this universal exhibition to leave any need to dwell upon it. A.s to the commission, it is composed of several of his Majesty's ministers, of high functionaries of state, as well as of the most competent of notable individuals. The government of his Majesty charges me to give notice, officially, of these aforesaid decrees to the cabinet of Washington, to invite its valuable concurrence, and to designate an authority with which the imperial commission could have a direct understanding. It would also be of advantage, to avoid all loss of time, that the government of the United States should make choice at Paris of an agent who would be specially delegated to be near his Serene Highness the Prince Napoleon. This mode of procedure is the most suitable channel, and the speediest, to convey to the knowledge of the imperial commission the wishes of the exhibitors from abroad. The government of his Majesty would attach a high value to being informed as early as possible of the result of the steps I am charged to take which have an exceptional character of urgency. The objects sent to the exibition will be received, in effect, in a palace con structed for the occasion of this solemnity, and.the size of which should meet the actual need of the exhibitors of all nations. Biu that the general arrangements and plans which shall be adopted may be in relation with the claims for space which will be preferred, it will be necessary that the imperial commission should know, with the least delay, what states will take part in the exhibition, and how much space each would desire to obtain. In ending the letter he has written to me on the subject, the minister for foreign affairs adds that he is gratified to hope that the government of the United States will show a disposition to facilitate, so far as it is concerned, the success of the work confided to the imperial commission. It is too enlightened not to appreciate the advantages of these solemnities, at which nations contract new ties, collect useful and mutual lessons, and thus assure the development of their prosperity. Accept, sir, the assurances of my high consideration. L. DE GEOFROY. Hon. WILLIAM H. SEWARD, 4C., 4C., 4-c. 8 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION AT PARIS. 3Iir. Seward to I1Mr. Bigelow. No. 105.J DEPARTMENT OF STATE, Washington, April 5, 1865. Sin: I give you, for your information, a copy of a note which I have recently received from Mr. de Geofioy, charge d'affaires of the Emperor, concerning a projected universal exhibition of productions of agriculture, manufactures, and the fine arts, to be opened at Paris on the first day of May, 1S67, under the direction and supervision of a commission in which his Serene Highness the Prince Napoleon will preside. You will inform Mr. Drouyn de l'IIuys that the President of the United States regards the project thus described with great favor, as well because of the beneficent influence it may be expected to exert:upon the prosperity of the nations as of its tendency to preserve peace and mutual friendship among them. The Prince Napoleon is most favorably known on this side of the Atlantic, and his connexion with the exhibition will increase its proper prestige in the eyes of the government and people of the United States. What the executive government can do by way of concurrence in the noble purpose of his Majesty will, therefore, be very cheerfully done. The design and arrangements will be prQmptly promulgated. For the present you will confer with Mr. Drouyn de l'Huys, as a special agent of this government, and will bring yourself into near relations with the Prince. This is as far, however, as the President is able to proceed without special legislative authority. Application for that authority will be made to Congress when it shall have convened. In the mean time this department will receive and give due attention to any suggestions which the government of France may desire to offer, with a view to a complete success of the contemplated exhibition. I am, sir, your obedient servant, WILLIAM HI. SEWARD. JOHN BIGELOW, Esq., Tc., kc., kc. SM3r. Sewar'd to M. de Geofroy. DEPARTMENT OF STATE, TVashington, April 7, 1865. SIR: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your note of the 27th ultimo, in regard to the arrangements made by the imperial government for opening at Paris, in the year 167, a universal exhibition of the productions of agriculture, manufactures, and the fine arts. I have the honor to inform you that I have conveyed to the minister for foreign affairs of his Imperial Majesty, through Mr. Bigelow, the minister of the United States at Paris, the reply of this government to the very courteous invitation contained in your note. A copy of my instruction to MIr. Bigelow, which bears the date of the 5th instant, is enclosed for your information and I have the honor to acquaint you that the correspondence which has taken place: on the subject will be immediately made public. Accept, sir, a renewed assurance of my highest consideration. WILLIAM H. SEWARD, By F. W. SEWARD, Assistant Secretary. Mr. L. DE GEOFROY, c.., 4., c. The foregoilig correspondence was published in the newspapers on or about the 8th of April, 1865. UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION AT PARIS. 9 Mr. Bigelow to Mr. Seward. [Extract. ] No. 72.] LEGATION OF THE UNITED STATES, Paris, April 12, 1865. S1R: I presume you have already received official notice of the Universal, Exposition which it is proposed to hold in Paris in the summer of 1867, coupled with a request that the ingenuity and enterprise of our people should be represented in it. That you may lack none of the elements in my possession which are necessary to determine the true policy of the United States in reference to this Exposition, I will state what has occurred at this legation in connexion with it. On the 18th f last month I received a note from Prince Napoleon, president of the imperiaE ommission, inviting me to confer with A. Le Play, commissioner' general of the exposition, in reference to a proper representation of the United States on the occasion, to which his Imperial Highness professed to attach much, importance. Early in the following week AI. Le Play called upon me at the legation, and since then I have had a second interview with him at his office. Ile seemed anxious to know, in the first place, if my government would feel an interest in having the ingenuity and skill of the country represented at the Ekposition. I ventured to express to him my decided conviction that it would; that in 1867, we all hoped and believed, grirn-visdged war would have smoothed his wrinkled front in the United States, and the arts of peace would have resumed their accustomed supremacy, in which case an opportunity of seeing, at a glance, what progress the whole world had made in the arts of civilization during the preceding five or ten years, and also of showing to the world what we ourselves had accomplished, would unquestionably be highly prized by my countrymfen. MI. Le Play seemed highly gratified by this assurance. He said the Prince president had been very much astonished by the marvels of ingenuity and skill which he had observed in the United States, and was anxious to have them more known and appreciated in France. MI. Le Play, with the utmost delicacy, suggested that it would be desirable that our government should place the direction of its.representation at the Exposition in the hands, and, as far as possible, under the absolute control, of some person worthy of the trust, through whom the exhibitors, or their agents, and the central commission, might communicate as occasion required. He spoke of this arrangement as likely to obviate some of the inconveniences which the commission experienced at the Exposition of 1855. On that occasion nearly every State had its separate commissioner, subordinated to no central authority. Infinite confusion, and% great deal of dissatisfaction on both sides, were the inevitable consequences. Mi. Le Play, who was also commissioner general of the Exposition of 1855, seemed to think it highly desirable that some trusty and competent person be invested with exclusive authority to communicate officially with the central commission, and to require the several State commissioners or agents to communicate through him as the proper agent or representative of the whole nation, just as on all political matters they would communicate through its diplomatic agent. I told M. Le Play that I concurred entirely with him in this suggestion, and should not fail to recommend it to my government, though, as an appropriation for money would be necessary to give such a commissioner his proper efficiency, the suggestion had come too late, I feared, for as early action as would be desirable. Congress having adjourned, no money could be appropriated by the government, for this purpose, before next winter, and it was, therefore, impossible for me to say in what way my government might find it convenient to manifest its interest in the objects of the Exposition before that time. M. Le Play seemed to regret the delay, which he feared might 10 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION AT PARIS. prejudice the interests of our representation in this wise. It is proposed to appropriate the Champs de Mars to the Exposition. A vast building is to be constructed in the centre of this beautiful space, which embraces about one hundred and fifty acres; and around the edifice, at a proper distance, groups of houses, or small villages, will be constructed and furnished to represent the domestic habits and characteristics of different nations. This will probably be the greatest novelty of the Exposition, if successfully executed, and nothing will be neglected by the Prince president, who has his heart very much in it, to make it a success. The plans for the structures necessary to the development of this feature ought to be matured without delay, and for that purpose there is immediate-need of a commissioner to advise with in regard to the United States. I suggested that perhaps the President might take it upon himself to name a commissioner now, and define his duties, leaving it to Congress, when it meets, to jlx his compensation, if he is to be paid, and, in any case, to supply him witT the funds required in the proper execution of his duties. He seemed to think that the sooner such a person should present himself here the better, and at the same time gave me to understand that an office would be provided for him in the Palais de l'Industrie, beside his own, and all the architects and personnel of the commission would be at his disposal. M. Le Play further informed me that it is the present intention of the imperial commission to assign about six times the space to exhibitors from the United States which was assigned to them in 1855. This is to be independent of the space occupied by the outside structures, which will doubtless be in proportion. When this subject began to occupy my attention, I consulted Mr. N. M. Beckwith, a very intelligent American gentleman, at present residing in Paris, who had been one of the commissioners at the New York Exposition of 1853, and who was also more or less in the councils of the American exhibitors at the Exposition of 1855. His experience and good judgment led me to attach great value to his opinion in regard to the proper mode of turning the Exposition of 1867 to the best account, and I requested him to give me his views in writing. He has been good enough to do so, and I have taken the liberty of annexing them to this despatch. So far as I have any well-defined opinions upon the subject, they lead me to approve of the suggestions of Mr. Beckwith. I think, however, the success of the whole thing depends mainly upon haviing a competent central commissioner. He should be a man of high character; reasonably familiar with the great sources of our national wealth; accustomed to organize and employ the labor and talents of others; thoroughly acquainted with the French people and their peculiar modes of organizing their industry, and, above all, lie should be conversant with their language, without which all other accomplishments would be nearly valueless. I am sir, with great respect, your very obedient servant, JOHN BIGELOW, Hon. WILLIAM H. SEWVARD, Secretary of State, Tcas/tington, D. C. [Enclosure to despatch No. 72. ] Mlr. Beckwith to Mr. Bigclouw. [Extract.] PARIS, April 3, 1865. My DEAR Mnt. BIGELOW: In continuation of our conversation about the international exhibition, permit me to add a few words. UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION AT PARIS. 11 The value of French exports last year was five hundred and eighty-one million dollars, and shows an increase of fifty-one per cent. in four years. This growth of the external commerce is but the index of the greater growth of internal commerce, resulting from the increased productiveness imparted to labor, skill, and capital; and the increased productiveness is traceable in details directly to the application of the sciences to the industrial arts. If it be true that civilization was led in most countries for a long period by a few men of genius skilled in political science and literature, it is not less true that the men of physical science have at length come to their aid. The geologists, naturalists, chemists, mineralogists, inventors, and engineers, are now directing the labor of the world with a success never before attained. As the intellectual domination of the material world increases, the hardships and barren ness of toil diminish and its products multiply; and while political science emancipates the enslaved races, physical science enslaves the elements and forces of natu* and emancipates mankind. In this great movement the largest benefits will fall, with the largest markets in the world, to those who make the best provision for the development and diffusion of the practi cal sciences as applied to industry. No nation produces within itself all these in perfection, nor keeps up with the daily progress in them; but those are most advanced in the race who adopt the best methods of collecting and disseminating the progressive knowledge resulting from the studies and labors of all. Among the methods for this purpose, international assemblies and exhibitions are increasing in numbers, in frequency, and in importance. A knowledge of many of the useful and successful combinations of science and industrial art cannot be conveyed in words; they must be studied in models and specimens, which display at once the combinations and effects, the modes and results. These being the products of many localities and many countries, bringing them together facilitates their study, and affords, at the same time, the opportunity of careful and accurate comparisons, without which no study is complete. The utility which experience ascribes to this method is indicated in France by a comparison of the provisions made for the exhibition of 1854 with those making for 1867. The first was entered upon timidly, the government relying chiefly on private capital and enterprise, on which the labor and risk were thrown. The latter has been taken up boldly as a business of state, and projected on a larger scale, contemplating an expenditure of twenty millions of francs, of which twelve millions are to be supplied from the public funds, leaving eight millions as the probable contribution of visitors. The United States have never participated in these assemblies to the extent naturally suggested by their interests, intelligence and enterprise, nor derived from them the benefits they might have done. I attribute this to the want of a suitable organization of the movement, to the want of timely information on the subject, and provision for the transportation, placement and proper exposition of objects, and to the absence of the necessary co-operation of the government in aid of the exhibition. I st. The first step towards a proper organization is indicated by the regulations of the imperial commission. which require the governments intending to co-operate to appoint a commissioner, duly accredited to the imperial commission, which commissioner will have charge of the business belonging to the country whose government appoints him. It is necessary for the commissioner to be in constant communication with the imperial commission, to enable him to lay before the exhibitors early information of the plans and designs as they are developed during the whole progress of the formation of. the exhibition. 2d. The commissioner will require an agency in New York, to centralize the movement in the United States, to communicate with exhibitors, and impart to them the requisite information in detail, and to facilitate in general the movement. 3d. The Commissioner will also require (at a later period) the assistance of a committee, composed, 1st. Of the professional and scientific persons whom the government should appoint to study and aid in preparing a suitable report of the exhibition, to be subsequently published. 2d. Of the agents appointed by different States, or associations, and such other persons as the commissioner may find necessary to aid in the general work. Remark. —The agent in New York, and the. professional men the government may appoint, should be paid; all others should serve without pay. The agent should select his own local committees or assistants, and so distribute them throughout the States as to render the movement active and efficient. This organization, completed in smaller details, is the simplest and the least that will an swer the purpose, and I feel no hesitation in expressing the conviction that nothing will be done on a scale worthy of the country, and with the completeness requisite for public benefit, if the government does not take the initiative in the manner and to the extent here indicated. It is obviously necessary that the organization should conform to the plan of the "imperial commission;" and it is equally obvious that in a movement of this kind, where there is no authority, and no corresponding responsibility, (which can only emanate from the gov 12 IUNIVERSAL EXPOSITION AT PARIS. ernument,) there is not likely to be the order, co-operation, and unity requisite for efficient manacgement and useful results. If the governmrent decide to inaurgurate the business in this way, the monetary provision required from Congress will, doubtless, be readily made. The country whllich taxes itself and appropriates more public money to education than all other countries will reatdily aid its men of' the industrial sciences and arts to be present with the evidences of thieir skill in an assembly of nations where all contribute for the improvement of all, and frxom which none can retire without benefit. The diffusion of knowledoge is in proportion to the numbers brought in simultanleous contact with its sources and with each other; and the more numerous the objects assembled, the more numerous the exhibitors and visitors brougoht together, tlte better will be the results. Very truly yours, N. l. BECKWITTI. 3I'r. Bigelow to Mfr. StCar(d. [Extract. ] LEGATION OF TIlHE UNI'rTED STATES, Paris, AprZl 17, 16S5. You will receive by this lmail a despitch about the Universal Exposition. Should you think well of my suggestion in regard to a Comimissioner General for the United States to reside here, I do not think that you could make choice of a litter or more acceptable man than Mr. Beckwith, (N. AM.) He is a mian of fortune; would serve without pay; is very intelligent and sensible; knows France and the French thoroughly; speaks their language; has a rare genius for organizati on; stands well here with the court and French society as well as American, and, wllat is rarer than all the rest of his accomplishments, has no undignified desire to see his name in the newspapers. Should it be my fortune to reside here as minister during the period of gestation of the Exp )sition, we should be able to act together more efficiently and harmoniously than persons possessing anything like co-ordinate jurisdictions of equal importance generally do. If he pleases you, his appointment cannot be made too soo0n. I think good results may come to us from this Exposition if it is properly managed, and not left to manage itself. If you will appoint IMr. Beckwith a commissioner, I will put him at once in relation with Mr. Le Play, and thus he will be prepared to send you, before the opening of Congress, an intelligent and practicable plan for organizing the American department, which would enable Congress to legislate upon the subject intelligently and promptly. He would probably give satisfactory reasons for his recommendations. Yours, very sincerely, JOHN BIGELOWV. Hon. WILLIAM H. SEWARD, Secretary of State. Mr. htunter to Mr. Bigelow. DEPARTMENT OF STATE, Waslington, June 5, 18S65. MY DEAR SIR: On the behalf of IMr Seward, and by his direction, I have to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 17th of April last, recommnending. Mr. Beckwith as a-proper person to receive the appointment of Commissioner General from the United States to the Universal Exposition to be held in Paris. UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION AT PARIS. 13 Mr. Setrard will give the matter of the appointment of a commissioner to the Universal Exposition his early consideration. Meantime, although there is no legal provision for his formal appointment, it may be safely assumed that Congress will gladly sanction the acceptance of his services upon the terms mentioned in your letter. I will thank you, accordingly, to signify as much to him. I am, my dear sir, very respectfnlly yours, W. HUNTER. JO lHN BIGELOW, Esq., 4;c., &-c, kc. M.Zr. Seward to Mhr. Bigelow. DEPARTMENT OF STATE, Wtashington, July 3, 1865. SIR: It having been credibly represented to this department that Mr. J. F. Loubat, of Paris, would be willing to take part in the representation of the United States at the Universal Exposition to be held in that city in 1867, this government will gladly avail itself of his services as an honorary commissioner on its behalf. I accordingly enclose a letter of appointment of this date, addressed to Mr. Loubat, which I will thank you to forward to its destination. I am, sir, your obedient servant, WILLIAMII H. SEWARD. JOHN BIGELOW, Esq., 4c., Arc., 4rc. Mr. Seward to AIr. Loubat. DEPARTMENT OF STATE, Washington, Juzly 3, 1865. SIR: Having received an intimation that it would be agreeable to you to take part in the representation of this government on the occasion of the session of the Universal Exposition proposed to be held at Paris, in May, in the year 1S67, I hereby appoint you to be an honorary commissioner on the part of the United States for the said Exposition. I am, sir, your obedient servant, WILLIAM1 H. SEWARD. {Mr. J. F. TLOUBAT, -c, ~c., 3c', Paris, France. Mr. Bigelow to fMr. Seward. [With enclosures.] "No. 151.] LEGATION OF THE UNITED STATES, Paris, August 2, 1865. SIR: At a recent interview with M. Le Play, the Commissioner General of the Universal Exposition of 1867, he informed me that the imperial commissioners had finally fixed upon the Champs de Mars for the site of the Exposi-tion, and had proposed to reserve for the United States 3,346 square metres of space within the edifice, -with the privilege, if we required it, of some 1,600 metres lying adjacent and not yet appropriated. The map which accompanies this despatch, and marked Enclosure No. 1, -will show the manner in which -this space is distributed, and the propoition which the aggregate bears to the allotments made to the other powers. MI. Le Play wished to know what assurance I could give that we would 14 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION AT PARIS. occupy so much space. I replied that, unfortunately, this subject dwas not brought to the attention of my government until after the adjournment of Congress, which does not meet again until December next; that the amount of space we should require would depend very much on the liberality of its appropriations, the executive government having no funds or credits available for such a purpose. I also read to him from your despatch, in which I was designated as " special agent," the expressions of the interest which our government took in the Exposition; directed his attention to the important changes in our domestic affairs since that despatch was written, all calculated to favor our participation in the Exposition; and I concluded by expressing my personal conviction that the United States would make good use of all the space that had been allotted to it, and that no effort would be wanting, on my part, to secure such a representation as would be creditable to my country. Further than this, I told him, I could not go; for though I believed that any recommendation which the President might make upon this subject to Congress would receive its approval, I could give him no stronger assurance of it than my personal conviction. I urged the Commissioner General, at the same time, to let me have the detailed plans.of the imperial commissioners at as early a moment as possible to submit to my government, that no time should be lost, on the one hand, in preparing a programme for the action of Congress, and, on the other, in taking steps to ascertain the disposition and requirements of exhibitors. About two weeks after this interview I received from M. Le Play two communications. Of the first, enclosure No. 2 is a copy, and enclosure No. 3 is a translation; and of the second, enclosure No. 4 is a duplicate, and enclosure No. 5 is a translation. By enclosures Nos. 2 and 3 it will be observed that the imperial commission has felt constrained, in consequence of my inability to give the Commissioner General more definite assurances, to reduce our allowance of space room from 3,346 to 2,788 square metres. I have as yet made no reply to this communication, for I have none to make. Tlough the commission has left us about nine times the space that we occupied in 1855, still I regret the reduction, so firmly persuaded am I, should the opportunity be fairly presented to our people, that the proportions which this Exposition is destined to take in the eyes of the world within the next twelve months will render it much more difficult to limit our contributions to the larger space than to fill it creditably. Enclosures Nos. 4 and 5 embrace the general regulations and the system of classification adopted by the commission. For the translation of the classification I am indebted to Mr. Beckwith, who has consented to act in the capacity of a special commissioner, under a power derived through me, as the special agent of the United States. In a note which accompanied this translation, Mr. Beckwith says: "If the government would publish the classification in the newspapers, they would thus probably reach every individual in the United States interested in the subject. The classifications, like a carefully written chapter of contents, comprise more information as to the scope, limits, character, and objects of the Exposition, than could be given in any other form in an equal space. They suggest, of themselves, much of the information most useful and most desired by the public at this stage of the enterprise, which renders it important that they should be published and distributed without delay." I concur entirely in this recommendation, for the reasons to which I shall refer more at length presently. If our people are to participate in this Exposition, no time should be lost in supplying them with the means of knowing how they may do so to the best advantage, and for that purpose they must study the regulations and systems of classification patiently and thoroughly. They may do that profitably, whether they finally exhibit or not, for they will there. UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION AT PARIS. 15 find probably the most complete classification of the products of human industry and art anywhere to be found in print. There are some features of the regulations to which it is proper that I should invite your attention at once. I may have occasion to trouble you about some of the others at a later day. The Exposition is to open on the 1st of April, 1867, and to close on the 31st of October of the same year. The foreign commissioners are to be notified of the space allotted to their respective nationalities before the 15th of August instant, after which I am given to understand that it will be impossible to make any material changes in that regard. All applications for admission with a description of the articles to be exhibited, must be presented before the 31st of October, 1865, prior to which time also a plan or chart of the uses to which the space will be put by each nationality respectively must be made by the foreign commissioners, on a scale of Om.002 per metre, and sent to the imperial commissioners. Detailed plan of articles, and their distribution in the space assigned them, must be furnished on the same scale b1y the foreign commissioners, as well as materials for the official catalogue, before the 31st of January, 1866. It thus appears that within the next six months, and before any action is likely to be taken by Congress, the imperial commission mnust know not only precisely what articles will be offered for exhibition, but they must have an accurate plan of their distribution. How far these regulations may be relaxed, and the time extended, will depend upon circumstances; but, from the nature of the case, it is impossible that they should be relaxed so as materially to relieve American exhibitors, for the reason that the plan of the exhibition requires a peculiar disposition of the articles, from which any serious departure is impracticable. This plan is explained in a communication from Mr. Beckwith, of which enclosure No. 6 is a copy,, and to all of which I invite your attention. It may, therefore, be assumed that to wait for the action pf Congress before organizing the Amei-ican department of the Exposition of 1867, is equivalent to an abandonment of'all profitable participation in it. All the plans must be laid, and the chief expenses incurred, if not made, before Congress can be heard from. Should our country people, however, attach to the privilege of sharing in the Exposition anything like the value which is attached'to it by the people of Europe, it ought not to be difficult to find capitalists willing to anticipate the action of Congress by requisite advances of means whenever the government shall submit to them a plan or line of policy which it is prepared cordially to recommend to Congress and the public. I trust that in the documents which I have already transmitted, with those which accompany this communication, the government will find all the information it will require to fix, without delay, upon the policy it ought to pursue. Before closing this communication, there are one or two other features of the regulations to which it is my duty to invite your attention. By article 5th it is provided that all communication between foreign exhibitors and the imperial commission shall take place through the commissioners of the respective countries, and in no case will they hold direct communication with the exhibitors. For this purpose foreign commissioners, if there are many, are invited by article 6 to appoint a delegate, as soon as possible, to represent them near the imperial commissioll. These provisions are designed to meet the inconveniences which have heretofore resulted from a multiplicity of commissioners, who were often exhibitors, and to concentrate the practical cares of managing the exhibition in the hands of persons specially selected for the duty, and who, by a careful study of its plan and familiarity with every stage of its growth, are best qualified to promote its 16 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION AT PARIS. success. These regulations also tend greatly to simplify the organization through which our government will have to operate. With an appropriation sufficient to pay such portion of the expenses of transportation as it may conclude to assume, and other allied expenses, (I would recommend that it assume the charge of all articles at tide-water in the United States until they are returned, those sold during the trip to pay their own charges,) and with two commissioners, one to reside in Paris and the other in New York, properly qualified for their duties, the official or governmental organization woull be, for the present, and for the next eighteen months at least, complete. This subject is more fully developed by Mir. Beckwith in enclosure No. 6, to which, for the present, I content myself with inviting your attention, as presenting what seems to me the simplest, the most economical, the most harmonious plan of operation that I can imagine, and one open to fewest objections, and most certain to work successfully. I think it would be wise to take measures to avoid, as far as possible, any representation by States at this Exposition, for the imperial commission never know what relative value to attach to such commissioners, and the result,of such a representation here would b~, as it has always been before, that the whole national character of our part of the Exposition would be sacrificed to the interests of a few sharp-witted speculators who might chance to know best how to turn the inevitable confusion and disorder that Would result to their own account. When the Exposition is ready to open, it will be proper for the United States to be represented by a very different and more numerous body of men, who, by their knowledge and accomplishments, are qualified to describe in popular language the novelties with which the Exposition may abound. It is from the labors of such men as these that the country ought to derive its chief advantages from such an Exposition, but such men are not apt to be qualified nor to have the leisure or taste for any,of the labor which precedes the opening or which follows the closing of the exhibition. In France it is provided that the imperial commission shall organize in each.department what it terms departmental committees, whose duties, among others, -it will be to create a commission of savans, agriculturists, manufacturers, masterworkmen, and other specialists, who should make a special study of the Expo-.sition, and prepare and publish a report on the various applications which may be made in their department of the information they may gather.'To meet at least a portion of the expense of this work, private subscriptions are authorized to be opened in the several departments. Something similar should be done by our people and government; and in the selection of candidates for such work, no pains should be spared to select the most capable from among the class of men who have enough of our own skill and resources to determine what is new and worthy of transplantation to the United States. This work will be done for the nations of Europe by their ablest men, for thus only are the important lessons of the Exposition to be perpetuated and diffused. I hope we shall not disregard their example. In making choice of men for this labor our academies of art and design, our agricultural societies, our mechanics' institutes, and other literary and scientific societies, might possibly be consulted to advantage. With no other apology for these somewhat perfunctory suggestions than my desire that our country may not only appear to advantage at the Exposition of 1867, but that its artists and artisans may profit by the unexampled opportunity for instruction which it will p!resent, 1 remain, sir, with great respect, Your very obedient servant, JOHN BIGELOW. HIon. WILLIAM H. SEWARD, Secretary of State. UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION AT PARIS. 17T [Enclosure No. 3.-Translation of enclosure No. 2 ] IMPERIAL COMMISSION, PARIS, PALACE OF INDUSTRY, Door No. 1, July 22, 1865.. Mr. MINISTER: I have the honor to send you enclosed two copies of the general regulations of the Universal Exposition of 1867, adopted by the imperial commission, and which his Majesty the Emperor has just approved by a decree dated the 12th instant. I am happy to be thus enabled to place before you these definite dispositions, -which will give in future a fixed and assured basis for the measures which you may think useful to take in view of preparing for the participation of the United States in this great assembly. I also enclose a copy of the preliminary plan, prepared by order of the imperial commission, of the palace destined for the Exposition. In the provisional partition indicated in the plan which I have the honor to transmit to you the imperial commission has desired less to consider the distance which separates the United States fiom Europe than to keep in view the industrial and commercial power of that great country. They have, therefore, given to it a space of important extent, greatly superior to that which had been reserved for it in previous Universal Expositions. In 1855 the surface set aside for its products was 1,097 square metres, of which scarcely 300 were occupied, in consequence of a lack of co-operation between the different States of the confederation. In 1862, upon an allotment of 843 square metres, only about a hundred were used. For the Universal Exposition of 1867 the imperial commission had proposed to reserve for the United States a space of 3,346 square metres. The verbal information which you have been good enough to give me, M3r. Minister, has caused me to recognize that it was no longer possible for your government to make known in time whether it considered itself in position to occupy with its products the whole of this space. Placed in this uncertainty the imperial commission has thought proper to restrict the section assigned to the United States to a surface of 2,788t square metres, of which 2,605 are situated in the interior galleries, and 183 in the central vestibule and the covered promenade. I hasten to inform you of this decision, and I seize this occasion to invite your attention anew to the importance of expediting the necessary decisions for the purpose of assuring the entire occupation of this space. You understand, Mr. Minister, how regretable it would be if a part of it should not be utilized. Ahen once the period of the final allotment is passed, it will then be no longer possible to assign a portion of: it to one of the powers which solicit an increase-of space. Receive, Mr. Minister, the new assurance of my high consideration. F. LE PLAY, Counsello7 of State, Commissioner General. [Document A. ] Talble recapitulating the dates assigned to the divers operations of the Exposition. Dates assigned. Nature of the operations. Before August 15, 1865...-...-.Appointing committees of admission for the French, section, and notifying the foreign commissions of the: space granted for the productions of their countrymen. Before August 25, 1865-.......Constituting departmental committees, inviting French exhibitors, and notifying them of the space allotted in the French section to each class of products named in the system of classification. (Document B.) Before October 31, 1865 Sending applications for admission and claims concerning admission of French exhibitors to the imperial commission. (Document C.) Before October 31, 1865-......- Preparing and sending to the imperial commission, by the foreign commissioners, the plan of organization of their countrymen, drawn on a scale of i'1.0%02 to the mnetre. Before December 31, 1835.-.-...Preparing detailed plans of arrangements on a scale of 0m.020 to the metre for the French section; notifying French exhibitors of their admission. * A metre is 39 37-100 inest. t About thirty thounand square feet.'2 l18 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION AT PARIS. 1Before January 31, 1866 -.... Preparing and sending by the foreign commissions the detailed plan of arrangements of their countrymen, on a scale of O'.0'20 to the metre, and of information intended for the official catalogue. B:Lefore December 1, 1866 Finishing the palace and the buildings in the park. Before January 1, 1867 -------- Notifying French artists of their admission. Before January 15, 1867-.-... Finishing the special arrangements for exhibitors in the palace and in the park. Before March 6, 1887 -.. -— Admission of foreign products at the seaports and frontier towns indicated in article 44 of the general regulations, with permission for them to be forwarded to the Exposition, which shall be used as an actual custom-house depot. From January 15 to March 10, 1867. Receiving and unpacking goods in the Exposition. Fromn March 11 to March 28, 1867...Arranging the goods unpacked in the spaces ascribed for thenm. March 29 and 30, 1867.-... —.. General cleaning of all parts of the palace and park. March 31, 1867-..........Inspection of the whole Exposition. April 1, 16t67 -.. —............. Opening of the Exposition. October 31, 1867. ——.. -... —-—. Closing of the Exposition. November 1 to November 30, 1867. -Removal of goods and of fixtures. [Enclosure No. 5 to despatch No. 151.] INIVEEI-SAL EXPOSITION OF 1867, IN PARIS.-IMPERIAL COMMISSION.GENERAL REGUL-T TIONS, JULY 7, 1865. To which are added: 1st. A table recapitulating the dates assigned to the diverse operations of the Exposition. 2d. The system of classification of the products exposed. 3d. The form of the application for admission which shall be filled by every French producer intending to exhibit. [Enclosure No. 6.] UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OF 1867, IN PARIS.-IMPERIAL COMMISSION.GENERAL REGULATIONS ENACTED JULY 7, 1865. —APPROVED BY AN IMPERIAL DECREE JULY 12, 1865. FIRST SECTION. General disposition and system of classification. ARTICLE 1. The Universal Exposition held in Paris in the year 1867 shall receive works of art and the products of the industry and agriculture of all nations. It shall be held in a temporary building erected in the Champs de Mars. Around the Exposition building shall be a park, intended to receive live animals and plants, and also such buildings and objects as could not be placed in the main building. The Exposition shall be opened on the ist dlay of April, 1867, and shall close on the 31st day of October of the same year. ART. 2. The Universal Exposition of 1867 is placed under the direction of the imperial commissio.n, appointed by a decree dated February 1, 1865. The general commission named in the same decree is appointed to carry out the measures adopted by the imperial commission. ART. 3. The imperial commission shall, prior to August 25, 1835,' organize in every department of the French empire a departmental committee, whose duty it shall be — 1st. To spread throughout the department the kno~wledge of the dispositions adopted concerning the Exposition, and to distribute blank forms of applications for space, as also all the other documents published by the imperial commission. 2d. To point out, prior to October 31, 1865, the leading artists, agriculturists, and manufacturers, whose participation in the Universal Exposition would particularly enhance the success of that undertaking. *For the order of the dates herein mentioned, see the table A accompanying the present regulations. UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION AT PARIS. 19 3d. To promote, as is said in Article 29, the exhibiting of the agricultural productions of the department. 4th. To organize a commission of savans, farmers, manufacturers, foremen, and other competent persons, to study particularly the results of the Universal Exposition, and to publish a report on the applications which could be made in the department of the teachings derived from it. 5th. To prepare the way for collecting, by means of subscriptions, donations, or otherwise, a fund destined to furnish to foremen, agriculturists, and working-men of the department the,means of visiting and studying the Universal Exposition, as also to cover the expenses of publishing the above-mentioned report of the commission. ART. 4. The imperial commission shall consult with the ministers of war and of marine to insure the participation of Algeria and the French colonies in the Universal Exposition. ART. 5. The commissions appointed by the divers foreign governments to organize the participation of the natives of those countries in the Universal Exposition shall correspond directly with the imperial commission concerning the exhibition of works of art and other productions of their country. Hence the imperial commission shall hold no direct intercourse with foreign exhibitors. No product presented by a foreigner can be admitted into the Exposition but through the intervention of the foreign commission, to which the exhibitor is subject as such. The foreign commissioners shall, moreover, organize the transportation, reception, arrangement, and re-exportation of the goods of their countrymen as they may think best, conforming, however, to the measures of order prescribed by the imperial commission. ART. 6. Foreign commissioners are invited to enter as soon as possible into relations with the imperial commission, and to appoint a representative to it. This representative shall be instructed to settle such questions as interest foreign exhibitors, namely, such as relate to the division of the total space among the diverse nations, and the mode of arrangement of each national section in the palace of the Exposition and in the park. ART. 7. In order to facilitate the subdivision of the space allotted to each country between the various classes of products indicated in! Article 11, the imperial commission will distribute to the delegates, for their information, the plan of organization adopted for the French section of the palace of the Exposition, drawn on a scale of Om.002 to the metre.. This plan shows the disposition of the show-cases or tables intended for each class of products, as also the form, height, and other dimensions of the halls devoted to each class. A similar plan, showing the subdivisions of the part of the palace of the Exposition as-.signed to each nation, shall be handed to the imperial commission by each foreign commission prior to October 31, 1865. Detailed plans, on the scale of Om.020 to the metre, showing the place assigned to each exhibitor and each individual mode of exhibiting, together with a list of the exhibitors, shall alsobe transmitted by each foreign commission prior to January 31, 1865, in order that the imperial commission may regulate the interior partitions of the building in accordance with the requirements of each nation. ART. 8. Each nation can claim, as its special park, that part of the. Champs de Mars adjoining the space allotted to it in the palace of the Exposition. The delegates of all foreign commissions shall consult with the General Commissioner, to determine the plan of the roads and earthworks, to be executed at the expense and under the supervision of the imperial commission. Every delegate shall also consult with the general commissioner, with a view to leave at the disposal of the imperial commission such portions of space as may exceed the wants of his countrymen, or to obtain supplementary space for them in such portions as have been surrendered by the delegates of other nations. In order:i to facilitate as much as possible the arrangements of foreign exhibitors in the portions of the park ascribed to them, the imperial commission shall deliver to the delegates, for their information, the plans adopted by French exhibitors for exhibiting animals, plants, specimens of houses, &c. (See document B.) ART. 9. An official catalogue of the products of all nations shall be published, indicating the place they occupy in the palace of the exhibition or in the park. This catalogue shall contain two alphabetical tables; one giving the names of the exhibitors, the other of the objects exhibited. Foreign commissioners are invited to forward the information requisite for making this catalogue before January 31, 1866. ART. 10. Such countries as may be represented in the Paris Exposition of 1867 only by a few exhibitors, and who are geographically neighbors, are invited to join together, in order to secure a methodical grouping of similar productions. The imperial commission has prepared, for the use of the delegates of those countries, plans contrived with a view to conciliate the advantages of such grouping with the fundamental principle of national representation. The imperial commission invites, also, the commissioners of those countries, should they approve of these plans, to organize, for each group in Paris, a sub-committee, especially appointed to carry them out. The architects and employ6s of the imperial commission shall be placed at the orders of such sub-committees, without remuneration. 20 UNIVRSA tLJ EXPOSI)TION AT PA}1RIS. ART. 11. In each section assigned to exhibitors of the same nation the objects exhibiteaJ" shall be divided into ten groups and into ninety-five classes, namely: Group 1. Works of art. (Classes 1 to 5.) Group 2. Materials and applications of the liberal arts. (Classes 6 to 13.) Group 3. Furniture and other household articles. (Classes 14 to 26.) Group 4. Clothing, including cloths, and othei wearing apparel. (Classes 27 to 339.) Group 5. Mining, rough and wrought products. (Classes 40 to 46.) Group 6. Instrum-lents and processes of the mechanical arts. (Classes 47 to 66.) Group 7. Food, fresh and preserved, in its various states. (Classes 67 to 73.) Group 8. Live agricultural products atnd specimens. (Classes 74 to 82.) Group 9. Natural horticultural products and specimens. (Classes 83 to 88.) Group 10. Objects especially exhibited for the purpose of improving the physical t-an moral condition of the population. (Classes 69 to 95.) The objects belonging to each group are fully indicated in theo system of classification amnexed to the present regulations. (See document B.) The imperial commission, in order to profit by the observations which may be addressed to it by French exhibitors and foreign commissioners, reserves to itself the right of explaininog, in subsequent editions of this document, such points as the present wording may have left obscure. ART. 12. No work of art, nor any other prodluction exhibited in the palace of the exposition or in the park, shall be drawn, copied, or reproduced in any way whatsoever, without a permit of the exhibitor to whom it belongs. The imperial commission reserlves the right olf authorizing the reproduction of general views of the Exposition. ART. 13. No work of art, nor any other production exhibited, can be removed before t-he close of the Exposition, without a special permit fiom the imperial commission. ART. 14. No rent shall be charged to exhibitors, whether French or foreign, fr the space they occupy; but all the expenses for fitting up and decorating the same, either in the palae{e of the Exposition or the park, shall be paid by them. ART. 15. Frenchmen and folbeigners, in becoming exhibitors, do thereby engtage to subm-it to the present regulations. ART. 16. The imperial cormmission eorresponds with thle prefects and other authorities o0 the French empire, through its president or the general commissioner. AkT. 17. All coimmunications relating to the Exposition should be addressed, a Il. le Co1seiller d'Etat, ConmmissaiO'e Geneelral de l'E.position U iversclle de 1867, d Paris. Prepayment is noet required within the limits of the Frenech postal setrvice. SeCoxNi) SECTs N.:pieciai dispositions rCoecernin C'ors' oY f t il. ART. 18. Are admissiible to the Exposition:'Te works of French and foreign a —;ti;s:, executed since January 1, 1855. AnR. 19. Are excluded: I st. All copies, even though reproducing na work i. ia style difibring fiom the original. 2d. Unframed oil, water-color, pastel, and i-iniature paintings and drlawings, occartoons of stained glass or of frescoes. 3d. Works of sculpture of unbaked clay. ART. 20. The imperial commission, aided by a special jury, shIll decide on tlhe admiission of the works of French artists. The manner in which this jury shall be lsnamed and coirposed, as also the formsl to be observed by Frnchmen desiring the admission of a work of art to the Exposition, shall be establishtd in future regulations, which will indicate, at the same time, the manner in which works of art shall be forwarded and received. ART. 21. The imperial commission shall inform the parties concerned, before the 1st of' January, 1867, of its decisions concerning applications for admission of works of art. ART. 22. The number and nature of the prizes awarded to works of art shall be establis-lcd: hereafter; as also the orgta izaticn of the international jury appointed to judge them). T1IR1ra SECTION. Special cispo/si it osI ronccrtniwt tIhe pro'suctions of ag'ric2lutirc a:(si indlcssti-s. ~!. —Adidissi anid classification of objects. ART. 2,3. Are admissible to the Exposition: All prod-ctions of agriculture and industry, with the exceptions and under the provisions mentioned in the following article: ART. 24. Are excluded: All explosive, fulminating, or other substances consideredl dat gerons. UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION AT PARIS. 21 Spirits or alcohols, essences, essential oils, corroding substances, and generally all sub-stances susceptible of injuring other productions exhibited, or of proving inconvenient to the public, shall be admitted only in strong suitable packages of small capacity. Of percussion caps, fireworks, matches, and similar objects, imitations only, containing no inflammable substances, shall be admitted. ART. 25. Exhibitors of troublesome or unhealthy objects shall, at all times, conform to the measures of safety prescribed to them. The imperial commission reserves the right of ordering the removal, at any time, of goods, from whatever source, which may, from their nature or their bulk, appear hurtful or unsuited to the object of the Exposition. ART. 26. The imperial commission shall, prior to August 15, 1865, inform the foreign commissions of the extent of space allowed to each nation in which to exhibit their productions. Before August 15, 1865, the imperial commission shall publish a table of the space attrib-?uted in the French section to each of the first seventy-three classes mentioned in article 11. ART. 27. After this table shall be published, the French manufacturers whose productions are included in the same class are invited to consult together, and to contrive a plan of -organization of the space allowed to their class. When they have agreed on the choice of'the exhibitors to be admitted to that space, and on the portion of it to be allowed to each of them, they shall appoint one or more delegates, who shall obtain from the imperial commission the requisite information, submit to it their plan and their list of exhibitors, and, in general, represent the common interests of these before the imperial commission. ART. 28. In the absence of spontaneous action, such as is provided for by the preceding:article, the municipal authorities of the manufacturing districts, the chambers of commerce, of arts and manufactures, and the artistic, industrial, and agricultural societies, are invited to promote the concerted action of the people of their districts. ART. 29. The committees of the departments (Art. 3) shall receive from the imperial commission, and shall communicate to the chambers of agriculture and to the agricultural societies of their department, the plans adopted for representing the agriculture of the various districts of France, in order that they may assist in carrying out these plans. They shall particularly invite those societies to organize collective exhibitions of the various types of animals and plants, and of rural and agricultural establishments. The committees of the departments forming large agricultural districts shall communicate with each other as much as possible, in order to represent, without the use of duplicates, the leading features of the agriculture of the district. ART. 30. The Applications for admission, referring to the arrangements contemplated in Articles 27, 28, and 29, shall be made by the delegates of the parties concerned who have agreed among themselves, or by those bodies or societies who may have taken the initiative in it. For this purpose, the delegates shall cause every exhibitor to fill up and sign two copies of the form of application for admission, annexed to the present regulations. (See document C.) They shall address these applications to the general commissioner, at Paris.-(Art. 17.) ART. 31. Every plan of organization, prepared either through the spontaneous accord of exhibitors of the same class, or through the influence of the municipal authorities, chambers of commerce, artistic, industrial, or agricultural societies, shall be adopted by the imperial commission, if no protest is made against it, and if, moreover, it conforms to the general requisitions of the Exposition. ART. 32. The exhibitions thus jointly planned shall be devided into individual and distinct apartments, unless all the parties concerned should choose to make of it an exhibition uniting without designating the contributors, the productions of a locality, or of a district. ART. 33. In the case of exhibitions made in the manner referred to in Articles 27, 28, and 29, such exhibitors as may have any claims or protests to present shall apply directly to the general commissioner, who shall refer the matter to the decision of the imperial commission. ART. 34. In cases where the joint action contemplated in Articles 27, 28, and 29, does not,take place, exhibitors shall individually fill up and sign two copies of the application for.admission, (Art. 30,) to be addressed to the general commissioner at Paris.-(Art. 17.) ART. 35. Applications for admission, claims, and all documents relating to them, shall be sent to Paris before October 31, 1865. After that date no application or claim shall be received unless by special action of the imperial commission. ART. 36. Manufacturers of machinelry requiring the use of water, gas, or steam, shall.state, in making their applications for admission, the quantity of water, gas, or steam which they require. Those who intend setting their machinery in motion shall state the speed at which each machine is run, and the motive power required. ART. 37. Committees of admission appointed by the imperial commission for each of the nine groups of agricultural and industrial productions (Art. 11) shall express their opinion on individual applications for admission, and on the claims or protests mentioned in Article 33. The imperial commission alone decides on the admission of exhibitors. ART. 38. Each French exhibitor shall receive before December 31, 1865, an c:hibitor's ticket, bearing his number in the Exposition, the dimensions of the space allotted to him, zand the address which he is to put on every parcel forwarded byhim. 22 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION AT PARIS. 2.-Conveyance, arrival, and location of goods in the palace and the park. AnT. 39. The packing and transportation of goods exhibited to and from the Exposition shall be at the expense of the exhibitors. ART. 40. Packages of French origin containing goods intended for the Exposition shall be marked with the two letters E. U. surrounded by a circle, thu%, (E.U.) They shall also bear the number of the exhibitor and the address of the Exposition as given on the exhibitor's ticket. (Art. 38.) The bill of lading accompanying each invoice shall also give the exhibitor's name and number, and the above address. The party sending the goods shall affix to two sides of each package one of the labels sent for that purpose by the imperial commllssion. ART. 41. The imperial commission shall, abstain from any interference between the exhibitors and the transportation agents, either as regards the conveying or the reception of goods. Exhibitors shall, therefore, provide, either personally or through their agents, for the conveyance of their goods, as also for their reception and the identification of the contents of their cases. If the exhibitor or his agent be not present to receive the goods when they arrive at the Exposition, the carrier shall have to remove them immediately. ART. 42. Goods from other countries shall bear a mark plainly indicating their origin. The imperial commission shall consult with the foreign commissioners, in order that the conveyance of these goods may take place according to the regulations prescribed in Article 40 for French goods. On this point, however, foreign commissioners shall adopt such measures as they may think best. ART. 43. Goods, whether French or foreign, shall be admitted into the Exposition from January 15, 1867, to March 10, 1867, inclusive. These dates may, by special decisions, be either anticipated for some goods difficult to locate, or prolonged foi objects of great value. ART. 44. The interior of the Exposition shall constitute an actual custom-house depot. Foreign goods intended for the Exposition shall be received as such until the 5th of March, 1867, at the following seaport and frontier towns: IDunkirk, Lille, Valenciennes, Feignies, Jeumont, Vireux, Givet, Longwy, Thionville, Forbach, Wissembourg, Strasbourg, St. Louis, Pontarlier, Bellegarde, It. Michel, Nice, Marseilles, Cette, LePerthus, Hendaye, Bayonne, Bordeaux, Nantes, St. Nazaire, Granville, Havre, Dieppe, Rouen, Boulogne, Calais. ART. 45. The imperial commission shall state, in special instructions, the time when the materials for building, forming part of the objects exhibited, mlachinery, apparatus taken apart, heavy or cumbrous objects, or such as require special masonry work or foundations, shall be brought to the Exposition. These works of construction and location shall be executed by the exhibitors and at their expense, from plans submitted by them to the approval of the imperial commission. ART. 46. The imperial commission furnishes gratuitously the water, gas, steam, and motive power for machinery forming the object of the declaration mentioned in Article 36. This power is generally transmifted by a horizontal shaft, the diameter and number of revolutions per minute of which the imperial commission shall make known before 1)ecember 31, 1865. Exhibitors shall provide the pulley on the shaft, the pulleys transmitting the motion, the intermediate shaft regulating the speed for the machine, and all the belts requisite for these, transmissions. Steam-engines which are to raise their own steam cannot be exhibited within the building, and shall be the object of special instructions. ART. 47. All other expenses, such as those for the managemnent of goods in the Exposition, receiving and opening packages, removing and storing boxes and wrappings, building tables, shelves and show-cases, placing the goods in the palace or in the park, decorating the space occupied, and sending back the goods exhibited, shall be met by the exhibitors, both French and foreign. ART. 48. The arranging and decorating of exhibitions in the French section, both in the palace and in the park, shall only be executed in conforming to the general plan and under the inspection of agents of the imperial commission. Exhibitors desiring it shall be referred by the imperial commission to contractors for the execution of their orders and the management of their goods; but the exhibitors shall be free to employ such contractors or workmen as they may choose. ART. 49. The divers exhibitors may take their place in the palace as the construction advances. The arrangements shall be commenced, at the latest, on the first day of December, 1866, and shall be ready to receive the goods before the 15th of January, 1867. ART. 50. The space reserved aside friom that intended for the exhibition of goods being strictly calculated to meet the wants of circulation, no packages or empty boxes shall be permitted to cumber it. Consequently all boxes and cases are to be opened as they arrive-. UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION AT PARIS. 23 The imperial commission shall proceed at once, at the expense and risk of the exhibitors, to open cases left by them in the passages. Goods already unpacked shall be arranged and disposed in the Exposition between the 11th and 28th of March, 1867. The 29th and 30th are reserved for a general clearing. The whole Exposition shall be reviewed on the 31st of March. The imperial commission shall take all necessary measures to have the Exposition complete in all its parts by the 28th of March. It shall consequently dispose of any space which by the 14th of January, 1867, shall not be occupied by a lot of goods ready to be arranged, or of any space which by the 10th of March shall not show a sufficient quantity of products. ART. 51. Immediately after unpacking, the boxes which have served for the transportation of goods from all sources shall be removed by the exhibitors or their agents. In case they do not provide for this at once, the imperial commission shall cause the boxes and packages to be removed, without assuming any responsibility for their preservation. ART. 52. Special instructions shall be published hereafter concerning the organization and arrangement of such goods and products exhibited as are to be placed in the park. ~ 3.-Administration and police. ART. 53. The goods are to be exhibited under the name of the producer. They may, however, with his consent, bear also the name of the dealer acting usually as agent for their sale. The imperial commission may, in case of need, agree with dealers to have goods exhibited in their name in the Exposition when they are not exhibited by the producer. ART. 54. Exhibitors are'invited to write after their names, or that of their firms, the names of those having had a special part in the production of the objects exhibited'as inventors, designers of models, mechanical processes, or by their exceptional skill' as workmen. ART. 55. The cash price and place of sale may be affixed to objects exhibited. This indication is required for all objects belonging to class ninety-one. In all classes the prices marked shall be binding for the exhibitor; any deviation from this rule shall exclude the exhibitor from competing for the prizes. Objects sold cannot be removed before the close of the Exposition without a special permit of the imperial commission. ART. 56. The imperial commission shall take all necessary measures to guard the goods exhibited from receiving any damage; but it shall in no way be responsible for accidents by fire or otherwise, whatever may be their cause or the extent of the damage. It leaves the exhibitors free to insure their goods directly and at their own expense, if they see fit to take that measure. ART 57. Special regulations, posted up in the palace and in the park, shall indicate the order of the interior service. They shall also indicate the agent4 appointed to assist exhibitors and to watch over the safety of the Exposition. ART. 58. A free ticket admitting them to the Exposition shall be delivered to every ex hibitor. These tickets are personal. It shall be withdrawn if it is found to have been lent or given to another person, and the exhibitor will be liable to be prosecuted. To regulate this portion of the service, the tickets shall be signed by the exhibitors. These shall enter by stated doors, and may be required to prove their identity by signing a register. ART. 59. Exhibitors shall be at liberty to have their goods guarded by agents of their choice, who shall, however, have been accepted by the imperial commission. Personal tickets of admission shall be delivered gratis to such agents, subject to the regulations contained in the preceding article. Any person acting as agent fbr exhibitors can receive but one of these tickets, whatever number of exhibitors he may represent. ART. 60* Exhibitors and their agents shall refrain from inviting visitors to make purchases; they shall only answer questions addressed to them, and hand card, handbill, or price list, when asked. ART. 61. The imperial commission shall settle hereafter the price to be paid by visitors for admission into the Exposition. ART. 62. An international jury, divided into nine groups, corresponding to the nine groups of agricultural and industrial productions named in the system of classification, (Article 11 and document B,) shall be appointed to award the prizes. Future regulations shall determine the number, the nature, and the degrees of the prizes awarded, as also the composition and the powers of the jury appointed to award them. ART. 63. Studies and experiments shall be made under the supervision of the members of the jury of the prizes, and of a scientific, agricultural, and industrial commission, appointed by the imperial commission. Such results of these experiments as may be of interest for the public shall be published. ART. 64. Conferences and demonstrations may take place in the different parts of the Exposition. Lectures may also be delivered in a hall constructed for that purpose. All these, however, shall only take place by special and personal authorization delivered by the imperial commission. 2 4 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION AT PARIS. t 4.-Closing of the Exposition and rentotal of the gooda, ART. 605. Immediately after the closing of the Exposition, exhibitors shall pro.ed to pack ing up and removing their goods and fixtures. This removal shall be completed before November 30, 1867. After that date all goods, packages, or fixtures, not removed by the exhibitors or their agents, shall be removed by order of the imperial commission to a public storehouse, at the risk and expense of the exhibitors. Objects not taken from that storehouse by the 30th of June, 1868, shall then be sold at public sale, and the proceeds shall be applied to some object of benevolence. Done and enacted by the imperial commission, July 7, 186-4. The Minister of State, Vice-President, 1ROUIHER. Seen and annexed to the decree of July 12, 1865. The Minister of State actingr ad interim as Minister of Agriculture, Commerce and Public Works, ROUHEI. The Secretary of the Imperial Commission, DE CITANCOURTOIS. For ampliation: The Councillor of State, General Commiissioner, F. LE PLAY. SECTION B.-SYSTEM OF CLASSIFICATION. }FIRST GROUP.-WIORIKS OF AnRr. CLASS 1, (Palace Gallery 1. )-Paintings in oil. —Paintings on canvas, on panels, oa glazing, and other surfaces. CLASS 2, (Palace Gallery 1.)-Various paintings and designs.-Miniatures, aquarelles, pastels, and designs of all kinds; paintings on enamel, on crockery, or porcoe lain; cartoons, for frescoes and for glass windows. CLASS 3, (Palace Gallery 1. )-Sculptures and engra;ings on medals.-Spherical, embossing, sculptured bas-reliefs, sculptures reponsdes, pressed and chiselled, medals, cameos, engraved stones, chemical engravings. CLASs 4, (Palace Gallery 1.) —Designs and models of architecturc.-Studies and fragtments, representations and projects of edifices, restorations from ruins and from documents. CLASS 5, (Palace Galeery 1.)-Engravinjs and lithographs.-Engravinlgs (black) on copper, wood, stone, &c.; engravings in several colors; lithographs, in black, in crayon, in pencil, and in colors. SuCONTX GGROuPI,, (Palaice GalleryC 2.)-MATERIALS AND TI-IEIR APPLICATIONS IN TIlE L li EIRAL AIRT'S. CLASS 6.-Specimens of printingf and publishing(.-Specilmens of typograplly; proof-sheets of autography and litllography, in black and-in colors; proof-sheets of engravings; new books and new editions of books already known; collections of works forming libraries on special subjects; periodical publications; designs; technical and school atlases and albums. CLASS 7, (Palace Gallery 2.)-Specimens of stationery, of book-binding, and of materials iused in painting and designing r.-Papers, cards, pasteboardcls, inks, chalks, pencils, pastels, furniture of writing-desks, inkstands, letter balances, copypresses, &c.; registers, copy-books, albumsl, note-books, instrument cases, bands, elastic bands; various articles for water-eolors, aquarelles, colors in cakes, in bladders, in tubes, and in shells; instrumients used by painters, designers, gravers, and inodellers; specimnens of paper work, lamp-shades, lan;terns, flower-pots, &c. CISxss 8, (Palace Gallery 2.)-Specimens of desitgn aind plastic moulding applied in the ordinary arts.-Industrial designs; designs obtained, reproduced, or reduced, by mechanical means; decorative paintilngs; industrial lithographs or engravinlgs; models and rougll sketches of' figoures, ornaments, &c.; sculptured work, camneos, lockets, and vtrious objects ornarnented by engraving; industrial medals, mouldedlby nachines rieductions and photographs; sculptures; various objects moulded. CLASS 9, (Palace Gallery 2.)-Proofs and apparatus of photography.-Photography on paper, glass, wood, stuffs, enamel; heliographic engravings, lithographic proofs, photographic stereotypes, stereoscopes and stereoscopic proofs; specimens obtained by amplification; instruments, tools, and materinals for photography ma.terials arid apparatus for photographic workshops. UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION AT PARIS, 25 CLASS 10), (Palace Gallery 2..) —Instrumcnts of music.-Wind instruments, not metallic, with simple openings, with windpipes, with reeds, with or without reservoirs of air; metallic wind instruments, simple, with extensions, slides, pistons, keys, keyboards; wind instruments with key-boards, organs, accordeons; instruments with cords for compression, or for the bow, without key-boards; instruments with cords and key-boards, pianos, &c.; instruments for percussion or friction; automatic instruments, organs of Barbary, serinettes, &c.; detached pieces and apparatus for orchestras. CLASS 11. (Palace Gallery 2. )-Apparatus and instruments of the medical art.-Materials and instruments for dressing wounds, sores, and for inferior surgery instruments for medical explorations; materials and instruments for surgery; trusses and cases of instruments; cases of medicaments intended especially for army surgeons, navy surgeons, veterinary surgeons, dentists, oculists, &c.; apparatus for restoring sensation, general or local; apparatus (mechanical or plastic) de prothese, (the substitution of parts or members;) apparatus for deformities, ruptures, &c.; various apparatus for the sick, infirm, deranged; accessory objects used in the medical and surgical service, in pharmaceutics, and in hospitals and infirmaries. Materials for anatomical researches; apparatus for researches in medico-legal practice; special materials for veterinary medical fracture; apparatus for baths, medical baths, &c.; apparatus for the physical exercise of children, for healthful and for medical gymnastics, &c.; apparatus for aid to the wounded on the field of battle, -ambulances, civil and military, for armies on land and at sea. Apparatus for aid to the drowning, suffocating, fainting, &c., and for electrotherapic. CLASS 12.-Instruments of precision, and apparatus for instruction in science.-Instruments used in practical geometry, compasses, micrometers, levels, micromatic lenses, calculating machines, &c. Apparatus and instruments for surveying, for topography, for land measure, for astronomy, &c.; apparatus for various observations; apparatus and instrun ments of the arts of precision, weights and measures of different countries, moneys, medals, &c.; balances; instruments for physical observations, meteorology, &c.; optical instruments; apparatus for instruction in physical science, in elementary geometry, descriptive geometry, solids and mechanics. Models and instruments for instruction in the industrial arts in general; collections for instruction in natural sciences; figures and models for instruction in medical science, flexible anatomical models, &c. CLASS 13, (Palace Gallery 2.)-Geography, cosmography, apparatus,?maps, charts, &c.-Maps and atlases, topographical, geographical, geological, hydrological, astronomical, &c.; marine charts, physical charts of all sorts, flat and In relief; celestial and terrestrial globes and spheres; apparatus for the study of cosmography. Statistical works, tables and ephemerides, for astronomers and mariners. THIRD GROUP, (Palace Gallery 3.) —FUTRNITU:rE: AND OTHER OBJECTS USED IN DWYELLINGS CLASS 14.-Rich.furnishingrs.-Sideboards, bookcases, tables, toilettes, beds, sofas, seats, billiards, &c. CLASS 15, (Palace Gallery 3.) —Upholstery and decorative work.-Bedding, covered seats, canopies, curtains, hangings in tapestry and in stuffs; furniture and decorative objects in rich stone and other valuable materials; decorations moulded in paste, in plaster, in pasteboard; decorative painting, frames, furniture; decorative ornaments for religious service. fCLASS 16, (Palace Gallery 3.)-Crystals, rich glassware and glazing.-Goblets in crystal, cut-glass, double crystal, mounted crystal, &c.; glass for windows, furniture. and mirrors; glass, figured, enamelled, crackled, filigraned; optical crystals; ornamental glass-painted windows. CLASS 17, (Palace Gallery 3.)-Porcelain, faience, and other potteries.-Biscuit, hard and tender porcelains; fine earthenware, glazed and colored; biscuit of faience, terre cuile, enamelled lavas. CLASS 18, (Palace Gallery 3.)-Carpets, hatngings, and other furniture tissues.-Carpets, Wilton carpets, velvet tapestries; carpets of felt, of cloth, of clippings of wool, silk, or floss silk, of mat-weed, of India-rubber; furniture tissues of cotton, wool, silk, hair, vegetable leather, moleskin, leather hangings and coverings, oil-cloths, &c. CLASS 19, (Palace Gallery 3.) —Painted yper.-Papers printed on blocks with rollers, with machines, papers velveted, marbled, veined, &c., pasteboards, book-covers, &c.; paper for artistic uses, spring blinds, &c., painted or printed. CLASS 20, (Palace Gallery 3.)-Cutlery.-Knives, penknives, razors, scissors, &c. CLASS'21, (Palace Gallery 3. ) —-Goldwork.-Goldwork, for religious service, for table use and ornament, for toilettes, bureaus, &c. 26 TUNIVERSAL EXPOSITION AT PARIS. CLASS 22, (Palace Gallery 3.)-Bronzes, various artistic castings, and works in metals repousses.-Statues and bas-reliefs in bronze, in cast-iron, in zinc; decorative and ornamental bronzes; imitations of bronze castings in zinc; castings coated with metallic coverings by the galvanic process; repousses in lead, zinc, copper, &c. CLASS 23, (Palace Gallery 3.)-Clocks and clockwork.-Separate pieces of clockwork; spring clocks, pendulum clocks, electrical clocks, watches, chronometers, regulators, second counters, apparatuses for measuring time, hour-glasses, sand-glasses, clepsydras, &c. CLASS 24, (Palace Gallery 3. )-Apparatus and methods of warmi1,a and lighting.-Fireplaces, chimneys, stoves, furnaces, calorifer6, accessory objects; apparatus for heating by gas, by hot water, by hot air; apparatus for ventilating and for drying, Etuves; enanelled lamps, blowpipes, portable forges; lamps for oil-mineral, vegetable, or animal; other accessories of lighting; apparatus for lighting by gas; photo-electrical lamps; apparatus for lighting by magnetism. CLASS 25, (Palace Gallery 3.)-Perfumery.-Cosmetics and pomatums, perfumed oils, perfumed essences, liquid extracts, scents, aromatic vinegars, almond paste, powders, pastilles and perfumed sacks, combustible perfumes, toilette soaps. CLASS 26, (Palace Gallery 3.)-Fancy articles, toys, basket-work. -Small fancy articles of furniture, liquor cases, glove-boxes, caskets, lacker work, dressing cases, workboxes, screens, pocket-books, purses, portfolios,, cigar cases, memorandums; articles of checkwork; articles turned, sculptured. engraved, of wood, of ivory, in shell, snuff-boxes, pipes, combs, brushes, corbeilles, and fancy baskets; basket-work, grass-work. FOURTH GROUP, (Palace Gallery 4.) —GARMENTS, TISSUES FOR CLOTHING AND OTnIER ARTICLES OF WEARING APPAREL. CLASS 27.-Yarn and tissues of cotton.-Cotton, prepared and spun; tissues of cotton, plain and figured; tissues of cotton, mixed; cotton, velvets, tapes, &c. CLASS 28, (Palace Gallery 4.)-Yarn, and tissues of linen, hemp, &8c.-Flax, hemp, andl other vegetable fibres spun; linen and ticking; Baptiste tissues of thread, mixed with cotton and silk; tissues, of vegetable fibres, equivalent to linen and hemp. CLASS 29, (Palace Gallery 4.)-Y-arn and tissues of combed wool.-Combed wools, tissues of combed wools, mousselines, merinoes, Scotch cashmeres, serges, &c.; galoons of wool, mnixed with cottoi, or thread, or silk, or floss; tissues of hair, plain and mixed. CILASS 30, (Palace Gallery 4:)-Ylarns and tissues of carded wool.-Carded wool and yarn of carded wool; cloths and other tissues of wool, carded and fulled; blankets, felts of wool or of hair, for carpets; hats, socks, tissues of wool carded and not fulled or slightly fulled, flannels, tartans, &c. CLASS 31.-Silk and tissues of silk.-Silks raw or milled, silk or floss thread or yarn, tissues of silk, plain and figured; sillk stuffs mixed with gold, silver, cotton or wool; tissues of floss silk, pure or mixed; velvets, plushes, ribbons of silk, pure or mixed. CLASS 32, (Palace Gallery 4. )-Shawls.-Shawis of wool, pure or mixed sl awls of sitk and of cashmere. CLASS 33, (Palace Gallery 4.) —Laces, embroideries, and trimmings for clothing, military clothing, furniture, carriages, harness, &jc.-Laces of thread or cotton, made with the lace spindle, needle, or machines; lace of silk, wool, or of goats' hair; gold or silver lace; tulle of silk or cotton, plain or figured; embroideries with the needle, the book, &c.; embroideries in gold, in silver, in silk, in thread; tapestry embroideries, and other hand-work; trimmings of silk, floss, wool, goats' hair, hair, thread, and cotton; laces, military trimlings, fine and coarse. CLAsS 34, (Palace Gallery 4. )-Ilosiery, linen and other articles of clothing.-Stockings of cotton, thread, lwool, cashmere, silk and floss, pure or mixed; garments of linen for men, women, children, baby-linen; garments of flannel and other tissues of wool; corsets; cravats; gloves; gaiters; fans; screens; umbrellas; parasols; canes, &c. CLASS 35, (Palace Gallery 4.)-Clothingfor men, women, and children.-Garments for men; garments for women; coiffures for men and women, wigs and hair-work; boots and shoes; children's clothes; professional garments. CLASS 36, (Palace Gallery 4.)-.Jewelry and precious ornaments.-Ornaments of gold, platinum, silver, and aluminum, chiselled in filagree, or set with fine stones, &c. Diamonds; precious stones;'pearls and imitations. CLASs 37, (Palace Gallery 4.) —Portable armor.-Defensive arms-bucklers, shields, cuirasses, casques; offensive arms —war clubs, maces, bludgeons, battle-axes, &c.; foils, swords, sabres, bayonets, lances, hatchets, hunting-knives, bows, crossbows, slings. UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION AT PARIS. 27 Fire-arms —muskets, carbines, pistols, revolvers; accessory articles-powder flasks, bullet moulds; projectiles, oblong, spherical, hollow, explosive; per cussion caps, primings, cartridges. CLASS 38, (Palace Gallery 4. )-A rticles for travelling and for encampment.-Trunks, valises sacks, bags, &c.; dressing-cases, trusses, &c.; various articles, coverings cushions, coiffures, costumes, shoes, walking sticks, parasols, &c. Portable for travelling and scientific expeditions: photographic apparatus, instruments for meteorological and astronomical observations; necessaries for geologists, mineralogists, naturalists, settlers, and pioneers; tent and camp articles; military tent furniture-beds, hammocks, pliant seats, canteens, mills, ovens, &c. CLASS 39, (Palace Gallery 4.)-Toys and gewgaws.-Dolls and playthings; figures in wax; plays for children and for adults; instructive playthings. FIFTH GROUP, (Palace Gallery 5.) —PRODUCTS, WROUGHT AND UNWROUGHT, OF EXTRACTIVE INDUSTRIES. CLASS 40.-Products of mines and metallurgy.-Collections and specimens of rocks, ores, and minerals; ornamental stones, marbles, serpentines, onyx, and other hard stones; materials difficult of fusion; earths and clays; various mineral products, raw sulphur, rock salt, salt from springs, bitumens, and petroleums; samples of comlbustible, raw, and carbonized agglomerations of pit coal; raw metals, pig-iron, iron, steel, copper, lead, silver, zinc, &c.; metallic alloys; products of puddlers, (and cinders,) of refiners of -precious metals, of gold beaters, &c. Products of electro-metallurgy, objects coated with gold, silver, copper, steel, &c., by the galvanoplastic method. Products of the elaboration of raw metals, moulded castings, bells, iron of commerce, iron for special uses, sheet-iron, tin, extra plates for constructions and for plating ships; sheet-copper, lead, and zinc; wrought metals, forge work, heavy work for gates, fences, &c.; wheels, bandages, tubes without solder, chains, &c. Products of wire-mills, needles, pins, trellis-work, metallic tissues, perforated plates; hardware; edge tools; ironmongery; copper, brass, plate, and tin wares; wrought metal of various kinds. CLASS 41, (Palace Gallery 5.) —Products of the forest.-Specimens of different'species of wood, wood for cabinet work, and for building; fire-wood, wood for ship-work, for walking-sticks, for splintering; corks; textile barks; tanning, coloring, odoriferous and resinous substances; products of forest industry; roasted and carbonized wood; crude potash; wood for cooperage, for basket-work, for sabots, for mat-work, &c. CLASS 42, (Palace Gallery 5.')-Products of htXunting and fisherics, and collections-of natural growth.-Collections and drawings of terrestrial and amphibious animals, of birds, of eggs, fish, cetacea, crustacea, mollusks. Products of hunting-furs, peltries, hair, fine and coarse, feathers, down, horns, teeth, ivory, bones, shells, musk, castoreum, and similar products. Products of fisheries-whale oil, spermaceti, whalebone, ambergris, shells of mol lusks, pearl, mother of pearl, corals, sponges, sepia, purple, &c. Collections from natural growth-champignons; truffles; wild fruits; lichens for dyeing, for food, and for fodder; saps fermented; Peruvian bark, usefulbarks and filaments; wax; resinous gums; caoutchouc; gutta-percha, &c. CLASS 43, (Palace Gallery 5. )-Agricultural products (not used Jor food) of easy preservation.-Textile materials-raw cotton; linen and hemp, dressed and not dressed; vegetable textile fibres of all sorts; wool in fleece; cocoons of silk-worm. Products of agriculture used in manufactures, pharmacy, and domestic economy-. oleaginous plants, oils, wax, resins, tobacco, tinder, substances for tanning and for tinting; fodder and provender preserved. CLASS 44, (Palace Gallery 5.) —Chemical andpharmaceutical products.-Acids, alkalies, salts of all kinds, marine salt, spring salt. Various chemical products-wax, soap, candles, matters for perfumery, resins, tar waters, essences, varnishes, coatings, waxings; manufactures of caoutchouc, of gutta-percha; substances for dyes and colors. Natural and artificial mineral waters-gas waters, elementary pharmaceutic substances, simple and compound medicaments. CLASS 45, (Palace Gallery 5.)-Specimens of the chemical methods of bleaching and dyeing, of stamping and preparations.-Samples of yarn and tissues, dyed; samples of preparations for dyeing; linens, printed and dyed; tissues of printed cotton, pure and mixed: tissues of printed woollens, pure and mixed, combed or carded; tissues of printed silks, pure or mixed; printed carpets, of felt or cloth; linens, painted or waxed. 28 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION AT PARIS. Cs,xss 46, (Palace Gallery 5.)-Leather and skins. —Elementary matters employed in the preparation of skins and leather; hides, green and salt; leather, tanned, curried, prepared, ahd dyed; varnished leather; morocco and sheep-skins; Hungary leather; chamois-skinis, dressed with the hair or wool on; preparations and dyes; skins prepared for gloves; peltry and furs prepared and dyed; parchments. Articles of membrane work, cords for musical instruments, gold-beaters' skins, neves [nerves] of cattle, &e. SIXTmi GRou!r, (Palacce Gallery 6.)-I1NSTiU.Al.N'rs AND P:POCCESS.1S 01? COMMON ARTS. CLASS 47.-Apparatus anld methods of miining and mettallurgy.-Apptaratus for boring, for artesian wells and large wells; machines for drilling in mines, for digging coal, and for quarrying stone and breaking up rocks. Apparatus for drawing electricity from mines. AModels, plans, and views of works and labor in mines and quarries; ladders for mines, worked by machines; machinery for lifting from mines; machines for exhausting and pumping; apparatus for airing; ventilators, safety-lamps, &c.; photo-electric lamps; apparatus for safety parachutes; signals. Apparatus for the mechanical preparation of minerals; apparatus for the agglomeration of combustibles. Apparatus for carbonizing combustibles; furnaces and hearths for metals; apparatus for consuming silolke; machines for metallic works; special apparatus for forges and foundries; electro-metallurgic apparatus; apparatus for the working of metals in all forms. CLAsS 45, (Palace Gallery 6.)-Implemertss and processes of ruzral and forest work.-Plans of cultivation; divisions by nature of the soil; requisite manures and successions of crops adapted to each; materials and methods of agricultural engineering,; surface draining; under draining; irrigration. Plans and models of rural buildings; tools, implements, machines, and apparatus for preparing the ground for sowing, planting, and harvesting; for preserving and preparing the products of agriculture; carts, wagons, and apparatus for agricultural and rural transportation; for training and managing horses, &c. Fertilizino substances, organic or mineral. Apparatus for the chemical and physical study of soils. Plans for relpsllating, cultivating, and managin-r forests; implements of forest work. CLASs 49, (Palace G(allemy 6.)-,-pparatus and inlstrumentsfor hunltin, fishing, and for collectingl natural yrohlzicts. —Arms, traps, snares, machines, and equipments for hunting; fish-lines, fish-hooks, harpoons, nets, apparatus and bait for fishing; apparatus and instruments for gathering products obtained wiithout cultivation. CLAsS 50, (Palace Gallery 6.)-Materials and methods of agricultural works and of alimentary. indust ry.-Apparatus for agricultural wvork, lnaking manures, making pipes for drainage, dairies, corn and flour traclde, disposal of fecula, making starch, oil, b1rewinm, distillingo, making sugar, refining sugar; works for preparing textile fibres, silk-wor nurseries, &c. Apparatus for the preparation of food, biread-kneasders, and mecilanical ovens for bakers; utensils for pjastry and confectione ry. Apparatus for m1akhig dough, for sea-biscuit, tor chocolate, for roasting coffee, for ices and sorbets, and for making ice. CLAsIs 51, (Palace Galleiry 6. )-Chenical, pharmaceutic, ald tanning apparatus..-Apparatus and utenuils for laboratories; apparatus sLand instruments for tests and experiments in industxry and commlerce. Maclines and utensils used in the a nlnsac i ture of chemical products, soaps, candies, &c.; aipparatti nd processes fior llakin essences, varnish, and objects of caoutchouc and guitt a-percha. Iachines and applrsawus for gas-w orksi; iaeliles and s-ethods for bleaching; msachlines a nI preparations of pharsmllaceutic pro(dlucts machlises rand tools for worakslsops, for tanning and dressing' leather. Molachines and appaiatus for glass-works arid potteries. C.,LASS.5, (Palace Gallery 6o) — 1otors, gencrators, a.ml rneemhatical apparatus especially adapted to the ust.s of the exhibition.-Boilers and stealnl generators, with safety apparatuses; stea1i-pipes anid accessorly ojectls; shefts, fixed and movable; pulleys and bel$s; means of startinsi altd stop)sinc, shifting and regulating the movenlents of machlinery; miotors foir uliishing s water and t1he necessary motive po wer in the different parts of the palace and park. Cranes and all sorts of apparatus proposed for the hand!in;- om f packages and objects in the palace,ud,3 crounard: r.l:s and tari-d table's proposep d for use in tha paaice Prrl. k pak. UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION AT PARIS. 29 CLASS 53, (Palace Gallery 6.)-Machines antd mechanical apparatues in general.-Detached pieces of machinery, supports, rollers, slides, eccentrics, cog-wheels, connecting rods, parallelograms, joints, belts, systems of ropes, &c.; mechanism for changing the gear of machinery, clicks, &c.; movnement regulators and moderators; greasing apparatus. Indicators and registers, dynamometers, manometers, weighing apparatus, gauges, and apparatus for gauging liquids and gases; machines for handling heavy objects, hydraulic elevators, punlps, water-wheels, rams, &c., wheel and chain buckets for irrigation, reservoirs, wheels, wheels with vertical shaft, machines a colonne d'eau; steam machinery, boilers, generators, and acdessory apparatus, condensers; machines moved by the vapor of ether,,chloroform, ammoniac, or by combined vapors. Gas-engines, air-engines, compressed air-engines; electro-magnetic motors, windmills, &c.; terostats. CLASS 54, (Palace Gallery;.)-Machine tools.-Machine tools for preparatory wood-work; turning-lathes; planing and boring machines; mortising, piercing, and cutting machines; screw-cutting, nut-cutting, and riveting machines; various tools belonging to the yards of mechanical constructors. Tools, machines, and apparatus used in pressing, crushing, mixing, sawing, polishing, &c.; special machine tools for various uses. CLASS 55, (Palace Gallery 6.) —Apphratus and methods of spinning and rope-making.-Apparatus for hand- spinning; detached parts of spinning machines; machines and apparatus for preparing and spinning textile matters. Apparatus and methods adapted to the complementary operations, such as drawing out, winding off, twisting, milling, &c. Apparatus for classifying and determining the condition of the threads. Apparatus of rope-yards, round, flat, and diminishing cables, rope and twine, wire cables, cables with metallic centre, fuzes, quick-matches, &c. CLASS 56, (Palace Gallery 6.)-Apparatus and methods of weaiVing. —Preparatory apparatus for weaving; mnachinery for warping and for bobbins; glazing and smoothing; ordinary and power looms for plain tissues and for figured tissues; loom-reeds; electrical looms; carpet and tapestry looms; mesh looms for hosiery and tulle; apparatus for making lace, for fringes and for trimmings; looms for high warping and methods of shuttling; accessory apparatus, calenders, crimping, weaving, measuring, and folding machines, &c. CLASS 57, (Palace Gallery 6.)-Apparatus and processes of sewing acnd making clothes.Ordinary instruments for cutting, and sewing, and making; machines for sewing, quilting, and embroidering; tools for cutting up stuffs and leather for clothes, shoes, &c.; machines for screwing, nailing, and making shoes and boots. CLASS 58, (Palace Gallery 6. ) —Apparatus and methods (if making furnliture and household objects.-Machines for veneering; saws for cutting in profile, &c.; machines for mouldings and frames, for ornamental floor-work and furniture-work, &c.; turning-lathes, and various apparatus for joiners' and cabinet-makers' shops; machines for pressing and stamping; machines and apparatus for working in stucco, in pasteboard, in ivory, in bone, in horn; machines for pointing, sculpturing, and reducing statues, and for engraving and chasing. Machines for sawing and polishing hard stones, marble, &c. CLASS 59, (Palace Gallery 6.)-Apparatus and methods of paper-moking, coloring, and stamping, -Apparatus fur stamping paper, colors, and tissues; machines for en — graving cylinders; apparatus for bleaching, coloriang, preparing paper and tissues; apparatus for making paper in vats and by machines; apparatus for crimping, ruling, glazing, and pressing paper; machines for cutting, paring, and stamping paper, &c.; apparatus and materials for letter-casting, stereotyping, &c. Machines and apparatus employed in stereotyping, mezzotinting, autography, lithography, chalcography, paniconography, clromo-lithography, &c.; printing of postage-stamps; machines for composing and for classifying letters. CLASS 60, (Palace Gallery 6.) —ilachinery, instruments, and methods used in various works.-Machinery for stamping money, for making buttons, pens, pins, envelopes, brushes, cards, capsules, for loading merchandise, and for corking and capping bottles. Tools and methods of making lock-works, toys, ornamental boxes, baskets, &c. CLASS 61, (Palace Gallery 6.)-Carriage and cart work.-Separate pieces' of carriage and cart work, wheels, bands; axles, wheel-boxes, tires, &c., springs, and various methods of suspension, systems of tackling and breaks; specimens of carts and vehicles for special uses, public carriages, private carriages, state carriages, hand carriages, litters, sleighs, and velocipedes. 30 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION AT PARIS. CLASS 62, (Palace Gallery 6.)- Harness-work and saddlery.-Articles of harness-work buckles, ornaments. &c. Saddles, donkey saddles, cacolet; harness and bridles for riding; harness foi. draught, stirrups, spurs, whips, &c. CLAas 63, (Palace Gallery 6. )-Materials for railroads and cars.-Separate pieces, springs, buffers, breaks, &c. Fixed materials, rails, chairs, splices, switches, turn-tables, fenders, watering cranes, reservoirs, signals for sight and sound; rolling materials, wagons for earthwork, for merchandise, for cattle, for travellers. Locomotives, fenders, &c.; machinery and tools of workshops, for repairs and reconstructions. Materiil and machines for inclined planes and self-working inclines. Material and machines for atmospheric railways; models of machinery; systems of traction, apparatus applicable to iron roads; models, plans, and drawings of termini, stations, sheds; and out-houses, necessary to railways. CLass 64, (Palace Gallery 6.)-Apparatus and methods of telegraphinga.-Telegraphic apparatus, based on the transmission of light, sound, &c. Apparatus of the electrical telegraph, supports, conductors, tighteners, electrical batteries; apparatus for sending and receiving despatches, bells, and electrical signals, accessory objects for the service; lightninrg-rods, commutators, prepared papers for printing, and autographic transmissions; special apparatus for submarine telegraphs. CLASS 65, (Palace Gallery 6.)-Mlaterials and methods adnpted to civil engineering, public works, and arc/hitecture. —Materials for building, wood, metals, ornamental stones, lime, mortar, cements, artificial stone, beton, tiles, brick, slate, pasteboard, and felt, for roofing. Materials and specimens of preserved wood, apparatus and methods of testing ma telials; materials of works for embankments, excavating machines; apparatus for stonecutters' yards; tools and methods for draughtsmen, stonecutters, masons, carpenters, roofers, tilers, slaters, locksmiths, joiners, glaziers, plumbers, house-painters, &c. Ornamental iron-work, locks, padlocks, railings, balconies, banisters, &c. Materials and machines for foundation work, pile-drivers, piles, screw-posts, pumps, pneumatic apparatus, dredging machines, &c.; machines for hydraulic work, seaports, canals, rivers, &c.; materials and apparatus used in water-works and gas-works; materials for repairing roads, plantations, and public works. Models, plans, and drawings of public works, bridges, viaducts, aqueducts, sewers, canal bridges, &c. Light-houses, public monuments for special purposes, private buildings, hotels, and houses to let, workmen's residences, &c. CLASS (66, (Palace Gallery 6.)'-tNaTvigation and salvage.-Drawings and models of ships, docks, floating docks, &c. Drawings and models of all kinds of vessels for river and maritime navigation; types and models adopted by the navy; apparatus employed in navigation; boats and various craft; ship-chandlery; flags, signals, buoys, beacons, &c.; materials and apparatus for swimming exercises, for diving and for salvage; floats, diving-bells, nautile impermeable clothing, submarine boats, apparatus for marine salvage, carrying hawsers, life-boats, &c. SEVENTU GROUP, (Palace Gallery 7.)-FooD, FRESH,, OR PRESERVED, IN VARIOUS STAGES OF PREPARA' ION. CLASS 67.-Cereals and other farinaceous edibles, with their derivatives.-Wheat, rye, barley, maize, rice, millet, and other cereals in grain or flour; hulled grain, meal. Farina of potatoes, rice, lentils, &c.; glutens-tapioca, sago, arrowroot, cassava, and other fecula; specimens of mixed meals,.&c. Italian pastes, semoull, vermicelli, macaroni; alimentary comnpositions as substitutes for bread, ribbon, vermicelli, pulp, domestic pastes, &c. CLASS 68, (Palace Gallery 7.)-Baking and pastry cooking.-Various kinds of bread, with or without yeast; fancy and figured bread; compressed bread, for travelling, campaigning, &c.; tea biscuits; specimens of pastry peculiar to every nation; gingerbread and dry cakes susceptible of preservation. CLASS 69, (Palace Gallery 7.)-Fat alimentary substances, mrilk, ergs. —Fats and edible oils, fresh and preserved milk, fresh, and salt butter, cheese, various kinds of egos. CLASS 70, (Palace Gallery 7.) —Meat andfish. —Fresh and salt meat of various kinds; meat preserved by different methods; cakes of mreat and portable soup; hams and preparations of meat; fowl and game; fresh and salt fish; barrTelled fish; codfish, herrings, &c. Fish preserved in oil; sardines, pickled tunny, &c.; crustaccea and shells; lob sters, prawns, oysters, preserved oysters, anchovies, &c. UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION AT PARIS. 31 CLASS 71, (Palace Gallery 7.) —Vegetables andfruit.-Tubers, potatoes, &c.; dry farinaceous vegetables, beans, lentils, &c.; green vegetables for cooking, cabbages, &c.; vegetable roots, carrots, turnips, &c.; spicy vegetables, onions, garlic, &c. Salad, cucurbita, pumpkins, melons; vegetables preserved in salt, vinegar, or by acetic fermentation, sauerkraut, &c.; vegetables preserved by various methods; fresh fruits, dry and prepared fruits, plums, figs, grapes, &c.; fruits preserved without the aid of sugar. CLASS 72, (Palace Gallery 7.) j-Condiments and stimulants, sugars and specimens of confectionery.-Spices, pepper, cinnamon, pimento, &c.; table salt, vinegar, compound seasonings and stimulants, mustard, curry, English sauces, &c.; tea, coffee, and aromatic beverages; coffee of chiccory and sweet acorns; chocolate, sugar for domestic use, sugar of grapes, milk, &c. Various specimens of confectionery, comfits, sugar-plums, mnelting plums, nougats, angelicas, anise-seeds, &c.; sweetmeats and jellies, preserved fruits, citrons, cedras, oranges, apples, pineapples; braVdy fruit, sirups, and sugary liquids. CLASS 73, (Palace Gallery 7.)-f-ermented drinks.-Ordinary red and white wines, sweet and mulled wines, sparkling wines, cider, perry, and other drinks extracted from fruit. Beer and other drinks drawn from cereals; fermented drinks, drawn from vegetable saps; milk and saccharine substances of all kinds; brandy and alcohol; spirituous drinks, gin, rum, tafia, kirschwasser, &c. EIGHTH GROUP.-ANIMALS AND SPECIMENS OF AGRICULTURAL ESTABLISHMENTS.. CLASS 74, (Park.)-Specimens of rural work and of agricultieral establishments.-Types of rural buildings, of various countries; materials of stables, cow-houses, ox-stalls, kennels, &c.; apparatus for preparing food for animals, agricultural machinery in movement; steam ploughs, reapers, imowers, haymakers, threshing machines, &c. Types of agricultural manufactures, distilleries, sugar mills, refineries, breweries, flour mills, fecula and starch manufactures, silkworm nurseries, &c. Presses for wine, cider, oil, & c. CLASS 75, (Park. )-Horses, donkeys, mules, g&c.-Animals presented as characteristic of the art of breeding in all countries; specimens of stables. CLASS 76; (Park.)-Oxen, buffaloes, &c.-Animals presented as specimens of the art of breeding in each country; specimens of cow-houses and ox-stables. CLASS 77, (Park. )-Sheep, goats.-Animals presented as examples of the art of breeding in each country; types of sheepfolds, pens, and similar establishments. CLASS 78, (Park.)-Swine, rabbits, &c.-Animals presented, &c.; types of hog-pens, and structures for raising animals of this class. CLASS 79, (Park. )-Poultry.-Animals presented, &c.; types of hen-roosts, dovecotes, pheasantries, &c.; apparatus for artificial hatching. CLASS 80, (Park. )-Hunting and watch dogs.-Shepherds' dogs, hunting dogs, watch dogs; types of kennels and apparatus for training. CLASS 81, (Park.)-Useful insects.-Bees, silkworms, and various bombyxes, cochineal, insects for producing lac, &c.; apparatus for breeding silkworms, bees, &c. CLASS 82, (Park.)-Fish, crustacea, mollusca.-Living aquatic useful animals; aquariums, apparatus used in breeding fish, mollusca, and leeches. NINTH GROUP.-LIvE PRODUCTS AND SPECIMENS OF IHORTICULTURAL ESTABLISHMENTS. CLASS 83, (Park.)-Ilot-houses and horticultural materials.-Tools for gardeners, nurserymen, and horticulturists; apparatus for watering and for dressing grass plots, &c. Large hot-houses and their accessories; small green-houses for apartments and for windows; aquariums for aquatic plants; water jets and other apparatus for ornamenting gardens. CLASS 84, (Park. ) —Flowers and ornamental plants.-Species of plants and specimens of cultivation representing the characteristic types of garden and house plants of every country. CLASS 85, (Park.) —Kitchen garden plants.-Species of plants and specimens of cultivation representing the characteristic types of kitchen gardens in all countries. CLASS 86, (Park.)-Fruit trees.-Species of plants and specimens characteristic of the orchards in all countries; slips of forest species. CLASS 87, (Park.)-Seeds and usefulforest plants.-Species of plants and specimens of culture indicating the methods of replanting forests in different countries. CLASS 88, (Park. )-Hot-house plants.-Specimens of the culture of various countries, with a view to utility and ornament. 32 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION AT PARIS. TE NTH 1(-ROUJP.-OBJECTS EXHIBITED WI IT'E A SPECIAL VIEW TO TIIE AMELIORATION- OF THE MORAL AND PHIYSICAL CONDITION OF THE POPULATION. CLASS S89, (Palace Gallery ~-Park.)-Materials and methods for teaching children. —Plaxs and models of school-houses, of school furniture, apparatus, instruments, models, wall-maps, &ec., designed for facilitating the teaching of children; elementary collections suitable for teaching ordinary science; models of designs, tables, and apparatus suitable for teaching singing and music. Apparatus and tables for instructing the deaf and dumb and the blind; school books, atlases, maps, pictures, periodical publications, and journals for education. Works of scholars of both sexes. Cl.Ass, 90, (Palace Gallery!2-Park.)-Libraries aend malaterials for instruection of adults in the family, the workshop. the commercial and corporation schools.-Works proper for family libraries, for the masters in workshops, cultivators, commer: cial teachers, mariners, travelling naturalists, &c. Almanacs, mnenmorandum-books, and other publications suitable for travelli~ng venders. Materials for school libraries, commercial liliraries, &TC. Materials for the technical teaching necessary in certain manual ptursuits. Ce Ass 91, (Palace Gallerics 3, 4, and 7. )-Furniture, clothings, andfood, of all origins, dis — tingutished for usefidt qualities, u?,ited with chceapaless.-Collection nethodique of objects enumerated in the third, fourth, and seventh groups, supplied to comrn mnerce by large factories or by bnaster-workmen, and specially recommended by' their adaptation to good domestic economy. NoTE. —The price and place of sale should be inldicated on each object. Ci,Ass 92, (Palace Gallery 4.) —Speciatens of popular costeZmes of dijfirel t countries. —Methodical collection of costumes of both sexes, for all ages, and fior pursuits the most characteristic of eachl country. NOTE.-Choice should be made of costumems best adapted to the respective climate, profession, and peculiar taste of each people, and which in these respects are most in harmony in each country with national traditions. These costumes will be exhibited, as fiar as possible, on lay fiogures. CtaLss 93, (Park.) —ipecime7ns of habitations, characterizel by cheapness, uniting sanitary conditions and comfiort.-Types of habitations for families, suitable for various classes of laborers in each country. Tlypes of habitations proposed for workme-n belonging to manufactorics in the suburbs or in the country. CLASS 94, (Palace and Park.)-Products of all sorts, ntade -by iaastcer-wo27rkmen. —MethodicaI collection of products enunmerated in preceding g'roups, made by workmen who work on their own account, either alone or with their families, or an apprentice, for sale or for donlestic use. NOTE. —Such products only will be admiitted into this class as are distinguished for their own qualities, novelty, perfection of the method of work, or by the useful influence this kind of work may exercise on the moral and physical condition of the people. CLAss 9a5, (Palace Gallery 6 —Parl. )-1-strumetnts andl methods of work peculiar to maste?workmen.-Instruments and processes (enumnerated in sixth group) employed habitually by workmen w-olki:ig on their own account, or specially adapted to work done in the family or in the finally circle. Manual works which display in a striking maunner dexterity, intelligence, or taste of the workman. Manual works whicha, froen -Xvatiois ca-uses, lave most successftlly resisted tie competition of maechines. iDoc.-aient'C. ] UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OF 1867, AT PARIS.-IMPERIAL COMMISSION. DEPARTMENT OF --—, GROUP —. CLASS -. Application for admission, (especially for f'rench exhibitors.) The imperial commission published before the 15th of August, 1865, the distribution of spaces of the French section among the classes of products named in the system of classification. (Document B, appended to the general regulations.) Every plan of exhibition, prepared by agreement of the producers whose varieties of industry belong to the same class, will be adopted by the imperial commtission, provided no objection arises. (GeIt. Reg., Art.. UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION AT PARIS. 33 31.) The delegates of these associations of producers will cause to be signed, by all concerned, an application for admission. (Art. 30.) Those producers who shall not have been able to unite with any one of the groups formed as above stated will address their application directly to the imperial commission. (Art. 34.) To prepare an application for admission, it is necessary to fill up, in duplicate, this circular, fold it so that the address printed upon the reverse shall be exposed, and drop it into the post office, (without prepayment of postage.) Every application for admission which shall not have been received before the 31st of October, 1865, or which shall not bear at the place indicated below the signature of the applicant, will not be received. The admission, if it is granted, will be made known to the exhibitor before the 31st of December, 1865. This circular of "application for admission" is delivered gratuitously in Paris, at the Palace of the Champs Elysees, in the departments, at the seats of the departmental committees: (Namtc in full, rank, and prtfession of the applicant.) The undersigned applicant declares his agreelment to the dispceiticrs of the General Regulations of July 7, 1865. (Signature.) (Residence of the applicant, and situation of his establishmnent.) (Designation. of medals obtained at the Universal Eepositions of 1851,1855, and 1862.) (Detailed statement of products which the (applicant desires to exhibit.) SPACE APPLIED FOR IN THE UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OF 1867. Extent of floor in the palace. Extent of wall in the pal- Exhibition in the park. ace. Breadth of Height. Depth. Breadth of IIeioht. Form and dimlension facade. faiade. of space desired. OBSERVATIONS.-Indicate in a note appended to the application1st. If it is desired to exhibit machines or other objects requiring foundations or special constructions, give the dimensions of these foundations or constructions. 2d. If it is desired to exhibit apparatus requiring the employment of water, of gas, or of steam, what quantity or what pressure of water, or gas, or steam, will be necessary. 3d. If it is desired to put machinery in motion, what will be the velocity proper to each machine, and what motive power will be required, expressed in horse-power. 4th. In general, whatever information will be of use in the placing of the machines, and, wherever possible, a plan upon a fixed scale. Producers who apply for room in the park, and propose to establish there constructions of any kind, agricultural buildings, gardens, will take care to give a plan, with a scale of the establishment proposed, with an indication of the extent of ground which will be necessary. [Enclosure No. 6 to despatch 151.] Mr. Beckwith to iMr. Bigelow. PARIS, July 30, 1865. DEAR SIR: The organization of the commission necessary for the international exbibi tion will be very simple. It must be in conformity with the rules adopted by the imperial commission, and adapted to the work with which it will be charged. 3 34 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION AT PARIS. The work naturally divides itself into two parts1st. That which relates to the selection and shipment of products fiom America, their reception and inland transport in France, placement for exhibition, and finally repacking, transport, and re-export, closing with an account current, and vouchers for receipts and expenditures. 2d. That which relates to the scientific and practical report on the exhibition, which the government will require for publication. The first part is a matter of ordinary business, readily performed by any one familiar with the usages of commerce, and accustomed to organize and conduct commercial operations. By the 5th article of the regulations of the imperial commission, you will observe that the. commission precludes itself from communicating with exhibitors, or receiving products from them. All communications with the imperial commission, and all foreign articles intended for exhibition, must pass through the hands of the foreign commissions, and no other articles will be received. The foreign commissions must also superintend the reception, placement, and removal of their respective exhibitions. These provisions simplify and concentrate the work, and one commissioner is all that it requires. One man, indeed, can conduct the work better, cheaper, and with mlore expedition than many men. He should be authorized to employ such assistants as may be necessary, and to engage the services of commercial houses in Paris and Havre accustomed to receive, warehouse, and forward goods,land pay them the customary charges for such service. One agent in the United States, say in New York, will also be required, and only one. If the services of others are needed (and they may doubtless be used with advantage) in other localities, they should all take their directions from the agent in New York, for the following reasons, which must be stated a little in detail: The exhibition palace will be in the form of a broad ellipse, surrounded by a garden andc having a garden in the centre. The building will be traversed by circular avenues, running parallel with the walls; and the avenues wvill be crossed by passages radiating firom the centre to the circumference of the building. The apportionments of ground to nationalities will run in belts friom the radii, fiomrn the centre to the circumference. The visitor, in following the radial lines, will be in the line of nationalities; and in following the circular avenues, will be in the line of groups, of which there are 10, and of classi fications, of which there are 95. It may happen, and doubtless will happen, that more objects appropriate to one group will be offered than the ground set apart for it can receive. In such case the objects in excess cannot invade the ground of another group; this would disturb the order and derange the plan of exposition; the excess, therefore, could not be exhibited, and the result would be a waste of expense and disappointment to tile exhibitor. It will be for the agent in New York, with his plans and record before him, to parcel out the ground and and ard against confusion and disappointment. But this concentration will not embarrass the shipment of articles friom all convenient ports, in the country. The various intormation required from time to time by exhibitors should also pass through one and the same channel to secure uniformity and avoid confusion. It results froim the preceding that concentration and unity are necessary; and for this purpose the agent in New York can best select his own assistants, who should all receive their information and instructions from him, as he, in turn, will receive them from Paris. It is obvious that an exhibition of the natural products and of the agricultural and industrial arts of America, on a national scale, will involve considerable expense. The consideration of this, however, belongs to the government and to Congress, and I allude to it only for the purpose of a single suggestion, which is, the necessity of defining distinctly the part which the government may undertake. They may decide to receive the products by their agents in the ports of shipment in the United States, export them to Paris, place them for exhibition, re-export them, and deliver them to owners in home ports. Or they may divide the work and expense with exhibitors, by taking up the products as aforesaid, exhibiting them, and redelivering, on return to the port of Havre; at which point the government service and expense would cease, and that of the owners begin. Or the government might take up the work at its arrival at Havre, and lay it down on its. return to the same port. This last part would carry with it the expenses of warehousing, inland transport, cartage and labor, unpacking, placing, and repacking, and the cost of tables, show-cases, fixtures and apparatus required for exhibition, &c. But whatever the work undertaken by the government, it should be separated from that of the exhibitors, and should include the entire control of the products while they remain in France under bonds. Short of this it would be impossible to conduct the business in conformity with the regulations, which are intended to secure order and expedition, and avoid delays and dissatisfaction. UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION AT PARIS. 35 Indeed, as to the exhibition itself, the articles cannot enter except in charge of the government commission. The period has arrived when the commission should be constituted. Most of the national commissions have been constituted, and have commenced their work. The disadvantages are considerable of coming in at a later period, after successive preliminary measures have been settled, which might have been modified, but cannot be altered. Second. This part of the work relates to the report, and this departnment of the commission should be added to the first part, at a later period: any time before the opening of the exhibition, in 1867, will be soon enough, as their work will not commence until then. This division need not be limited as to numbers; but, if not composed of; it should comprise scientific and professional men —men engaged in agriculture, in the industrial arts and fine arts, qualified for studying the exhibition in a professional and practical sense; for appreciating inventions, new combinations and methods; for judging of processes and their products, &c.; and for reporting their observations and studies in popular language, adapted to the diffusion of popular knowledge. It will devolve on these gentlemen to disclose the methods and means of the marvellous progress in the combination of science and knowledge with the arts of industry, which so greatly increases the productiveness of labor, skill, and capital. The fact of such increase is manifest to all observers, in the unequalled growth of conlnerce and wealth anong nations; but the methods of it are less obvious. Of the means for diffusing this knowledge none are found more efficient, or have taken so great development of late, as national and international exhibitions, which are consequently increasing in nwlbers and in importance in all countries. They have become national schools for men in every department of productive industry. The United States are reasonably expected to contribute their share, and to clail the benefits of the general contribution. They have been invited to do so, and will not think they can afford to stand aloof on this occasion, nor fail to act on a scale that comes up to the national proportions we claim for ourselves in international affairs. Very truly, yours, N. M. BECKWITH. Mr. Bigelow to Mr. Seward. [With two enclosures.] No. 158.] LEG(ATION OF THE UNITED STATES, Paris, August 22, 1865. SiR: I have the honor to transmit herewith a communication from the Colnmissioner General of the Exposition Universal for 1867, of which enclosure No. 1 is a copy, and enclosure No. 2 is a translation. Permit me to invite your attention to the request contained in the last clause of this communication. I remain, sir, with great respect, your very obedient servant, JOHN BIGELOW. Hon. WILLIAM H. SEW\ARD, Secretary qof State. [Enclosure No. 2 to despatch No. 158.-Translation.] Mr. Le Play to Mr. Bigelow. IMPERIAL COMMISSION, PARIS, Palace of Industry, (Door No. 1,) August 11, 1865. SIR: I had the honor in my last communication to inform you that the imperial commission had limited the section allowted to exhibitors from the United States to an area of 2,788 square metres%, 2,605 of which are situated in the galleries, and 183 in the porch and the covered walk. Called upon by the terms of its general regulations to inform, previous to the 15th of August next, the representatives of the nations which shall participate in this great assembly of the settled limits of the space which it has been able to assign to them, 36 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION AT PARIS.. the imperial commission instructs me to confirm to you officially that decision, and to address to you at the same tinme a plan of the palace of the Exposition, which you will find enclosed, t and in which you will easily distinguish, by its color, the portion reserved for your country. The distribution of the park situated around the palace along the divers nations which will participate in the Exp3sition is not yet made; the imperial commission purposes completing that task within a short time. It therefore requests to be informed by you, as soon as possible, of the nature aind character of the works which the United States intend erecting in the park, and of the space they will require. Accept, sir, renedwed assurances of my hig'h consideration. F. LE PLAY,'lThe Counsellor of State, General Commissioner. M. BIGELOW, Envoy Extraordinary and M1inister Plenipotentiary of the United States.' A metre is 39.37 inches in length, making the space allowed for the United States in the exhibition palace about thirty thousand square feet. t The nmap, being unimportant to exhibitors, is omitted. JM-r. Seward to lyMr. Bigelow.'No. 236.1 |DEPARTMENT OF STATE, Washington, September 2, 1865. SiR: I have to acknowledge the receipt of your despatch, No. 151, of the 2d of August, together with its accompaniments, relative to the Universal Exposition of 1867, at Paris. The plan is so extensive, and its details so complicated, that this department could not act upon it, in the absence of legislationi by Congress, except in disseminating the information contained in the despatch and its accompaniments, by the publication and distribution or two thousand copies in pamphlet form. I agree with you in the opinion that all of the larger space assigned to the United States is likely to be fully occupied, and it would, perhaps, be well for you to intimate as much to the imperial commission. It is to be regretted that our Congress will not have been in session between the date of the announcement of the exhibition and the time limited for applications of exhibitors, and that, consequently, the executive government is without authority or funds to enable it to act effectively. In view of this fact, I would suggest that you signify to the imperial commission that an extension of the time would be gratifying to the government. 1. am, sir, your obedient servant, WILLIAMf H. SEWARD. JOHN BIGELOWN, Esq.,'c., 4'c., 4-c., Paris. MIr. Seward to lMr. Bigelow. No. 266.] DEPARTMENT OF STATE, Washington, September 21, 1865. Sin: That you may be fully apprised of what has been done towards notifying to the people of the United States the arrangements for the proposed Universal Exposition for 1867,! enclose a copy of a statement which was given to the public press on the 4th instant, a circular letter of the 14th instant, and of the pamphlet referred to therein, which has been prepared, and is being distributed with the utmost possible despatcb. Notwithstanding this, if the limited time allowed for filing applications is adhered to in regard to this country, the UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION AT PARIS. 3 7 majority of those who would probably become exhibitors, if sufficient time were allowed, will be practically exclruded by the impossibility of getting in their applications in season for acceptance. It is hoped, therefore, that the extension suggested in a former instruction will be ample to allow all to unite in the exhibition who are disposed to, so far as the space assigned will permit. I am, sir, your obedient servant, WILLTIAM H. SEWARD. JoHIN BIGELow, Esq., xc., x'c., c&,., Paris. Mlr. BigeSlo to lMr. Seward. No. 174.] LEGATION OF THE UNITED STATES, Paris, September 21, 1865. SIR: The circular of which No. 1 is a translation has been issued by the commissioners of the Universal Exposition of 1867. It provides for the creation of an international scientific commission, whose duty it shall be to note the recent advances made in the sciences and arts, to contribute what they can to diffuse the knowledge of useful discoveries, to encourage international reforms, and, lastly, to point out, in special publications, the useful results to be derived from the Exposition. I invite your specal attention to the provisions of this circular, and take the liberty of suggesting that our government can in no way turn this Exposition to better account than by sending a few of its cleverest men of science to make part of this commission. I say its cleverest, because it is not worth while to send men who would see nothing, and therefore describe nothing, which would not be seen, and as well or better described, by the French, and other foreign exhibitors. The Exposition will be transitory, but the accounts that will be written about it have a chance of enduring, Europe will assign this duty to her choicest men. There is glory to be won in a successful competition with them. I think the opportunity should not be neglected. I am, sir, with great respect, your obedient servant, JOHN BIGELOW. Hon. WILLIAM H. SEWARI, Secretary of State, Wasirngton, D. C. [Enclosure No. 1 to despatch No..174.] Universal Ecrposition of 1867, at Paris.-Imperial Commission.-Order establishing the Scientific Commission. TIlE MINISTER OF STATE, ViCE-PRESIDENT OF THIE IMPERIAL COMMISSIONIn accordance with the general regulations adopted by the imperial commission, 7th July, 1865, and approved by an imperial decree of the date of 12th July, 1865, which provides for the institution of a series of studies and experiments, under the direction of a scientific commission, and for the publication of results of general interest attained by these labors(Article 63)ORDERS. ARTICLE 1. There is established in connexion with the imperial commission an international scientific commission, having for'its cbject: Ist. To indicate the best means of representing, at the Exposition of 1867, the recent advances made in the sciences, in the liberal and industrial arts. 38 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION AT PARIS. 2d. To contribute to the extension of the employment of usefutl discoveries, and to encourage reforms of international interest, such as the adoption of uniform weights and measures, identical scientific unities, &c. 3d. To point out in special publications the results of general utility to be derived from the Exposition, and to undertake, if it be necessary, the researches required for their accomplishment. ARTICLE 2. The scientific colmuission is composed of Frenchmen, appointed directly by the imperial commission, and of forcigners appointed upon the nomination of their respective countries. These appointments will be made successively by special orders. ARTICLE 3. Scientific organizations, and, in general, persons interested in the progress of the sciences and the arts, are invited to submit to the imperial commission their opinions in regard to the researches to be undertaken, and the questions to be considered. ARTICLE 4. The members of the scientific commission will not be expected to hold stated meetings. They can labor separately upon the matters which are given thenm to treat; and can send, in their own names, the fruits of their labor to the imperial comlhission It will also be permitted to them to meet with their colleagues of all countries. ARTICLE 5. The memoranda and reports will be submitted before the 1st July, 1867, to the imperial commission, and published, if necessary, under its direction. The whole will form, the collection of the labors of the scientific commission. ARTICLE 6. The counsellor of state, colmmissioner general, is charged with the execution of these orders. The Ministcr of State, Vicc-Prcsident of the il7perial Conmrtission, ROUHER. PARIS, Septcritber 20, 1865. Ilr. iunter to M-r. Derby. DEPARTMENT OF STAvTE, Was~hington, October 9, 1865. SIt: Htaving been informed of your willingness to aci, as the agent in the United States for the Paris Exposition for 1867, I enclose for your guidance and information a copy of a pamphlet prepared and published by this department, and which contains the despatches of Mr. Bigelow relative to the conditions upon which citizens of the United States can participate inL the Exposition. The limited period allowed for applications to h1e filed was, on the 2d of September, pointed out to M!r. Bigelow, and he was requested to inform the imperial commission that an extension of the time would be gratifying to this government; and on the 21st of that month his attention was again called to the importance of such an extension of time as would enable all of our citizens, who are so disposed, to unite in the exhibition so far as the space assigned Will permit. Your attention is particularly invited to the suggestions made by Alr. Beckwith, in his letter of the 30thl of July, printed on page 26 of the pamphlet, and to iMr. Bigelow's remarks on page 7 of the same. Two thousand copies of the pamphlet have been distributed, a number having been sent to each of thle governors of States and Territories, and a number having been sent to various other quarters where they would be likely to reach parties interested. Seventy-five. copies, which remain on hand, will be forwarded to your address, without delay, for such disposition as you may think proper. Whenever the result of the application for extension is known here, you will be informed of it. I am, sir, your obedient servant,,V7. HUNTER, Actia, Secretaery. J. C(. DERBY, Esq., United States Desj)atc/ Agent, New York. UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION AT PARIS 39 Mr. Hunter to Mr. Derby. 1)EPARTMENT OF STA'rE, Yashizington, October 9, 1865. SIR: I have to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 6th instant, informing me of your acceptance of the appointment as agent of the French Exposition for 1867. fly letter of this morning, which was suggested by a telegram from the Secretary, contains, I believe, all of the directions which the department can give you. I enclose for your information, however, a copy of an instructio)n of this date to Mr. Bigelow, notifying him of your appointment, and making certain suggestions in regard to the extension of the time for applications from the United States. I am, sir, your obedient servant, WV. HUN TER, Acting Secretary. J. C. DERBY, Esq., Agent in the United States for the French, Universal Exposition of 1867, Newz York. Mr. Hunter to 1/Mr. Bigelow. No. 284.] DEPARTMENT OF STA'rE, WVashington, October 9, 1865. SIR: With reference to the correspondence which has taken place upon the subject of the French Universal Exposition for 1867, I have to inform you that J. C(. Derby, esq., the despatch agent of the United States at New York, has been selected, and has consented to act as the agent for the Exposition in this country. I will thank you to request Mr. Beckwith to enter into correspondence with him as to the steps which it may be advisable for him to take in that capacity. With regard to the extension which you have been requested to ask for of the time for filing applications of our citizens to become exhibitors, I would suggest that, if it should be found that the imperial' commission are unable formally to accede to the proposed change, you will request Mr. Beckwith," when he prepares the general plan of organization of our branch of the exhibition, required according to the programme on the 31st of the present month, to make such allowance as his judgment may dictate for additional machinery and articles for which it may be expected subsequent applications will be made. As illustrating the interest felt in this exhibition here, and in the extension of the time for admission, I enclose a copy of a communication of the 28th ultimo from his excellency the governor of Illinois. I am, sir, your obedient servant, W. HUNTER, Acting Secretary. JOuHN BIGceLOW, Esq., 4c., &-c., 4'c. [Enclosure No. I in despatch N'o. 284.] Governor Qglesby to Mr. Seward. STATE OF ILLINOIS, EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT, Springfield, September 28, 1865. SIR: Your communication of the 20th instant, together with several copies of a pamphlet,'relating to the "French Universal Exposition," to be held at Paris in 1867, was received yesterday. I immediately transmitted to the lion. John P. Reynolds, secretary of the State 40 IJNIVERSAL EXPOSITION AT PARIS. Agricultural Society, copies of the pamphlet, and received in reply his letter of the 27th instant, a copy of which I take the liberty of transmitting herewith, and request your attention to the same. As we are not informed who the foreign commissioner is for this country nor who is the general agent at NTew York, who will act for this commission, I venture to submit to you a statement of the obvious difficulty there is in the way of an effort upon the part of our people to honorably compete with other countries for premiums. in the hope that you may be able to partially remove what seems an insuperable inconvenience to all citizens of this State who may feel inclined to send to the Universal Exposition ht Paris such products of the industry and agriculture of this State as we may be entitled to, in a just apportionment in the temporary palace of the space assigned to the United States, that of preparing and sending to the imperial commission by the foreign commissioners the plan of the organization of their countrymen, drawn on a scale of 0.002 to the metre, before October 31, 1865. In behalf of those who are inclined to become exhibitors from this State, I respectfully request that the time for this purpose may be extended to the 31st of March, 1866. If it is desirable to encourage contributions from this part of the United States, it is believed that this modification in the general regulations by the imperial commissioners will be necessary. Every effort, however, iwill be made to bring the whole subject to the notice of the people of the State as promptly as possible through the public press. I have the honor to be, very 1espectfully, yours, R. J. OGLESBY, Governor of IJlinois. Hoe. W'LLtIAN ISf. XSELA;tRD Sccretary of State,;Fashinsgtcn, D. C. uEnclosure No.'2 in despatchl No.'284. ] 3i1. Reynolds to Gov;ernlor O(rlesby. IROOMS OF TITE ILLINOIS STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY, Secretary's Ofice, Sprisgfield, Septemnber 27, 1865. DEAR SIR: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt from your excellency of three copies of a pamphlet relating to the " French Universal Exposition" to be held at Paris in 1867. It has so happened that in every instance when American exhibitors have been called upon to take part in any foreign exhibition of the industry of all nations, the notice to them has been so short as to really preclude them from participating in the enterprise to the extent they desired, or that was necessary to enable them to fairly represent the industrial progress of the United States. This Exposition seems to afford no exception to the rule. All foreign contributions must be placed in charge of the imperial commission by foreign commissioners, and these latter, before October 31, 1865, must prepare and send to the imperial commission the plan of organization of their countrymen, so that there is now little.over one month in which to ascertain the probable extent of American contributions to this Exposition, and transmit the plan to the imperial commission; and by reference to Article 35. page 12 of the pamphlets, you will observe that applications for admission claims, and all documents relating to them, shall be sent to Paris before October 31, 1865, leaving the Illinois exhibitors now some thirty-four days in which to make the necessary preparation and transmit their applications to Paris. Practically, in short, if the times and rules prescribed for foreign exhibitors shall be strictly adhered to by the imperial commissioners, Illinois farmers and mechanics are hopelessly and needlessly shut out from participating, in any degree whatever, in this important exhibition. I say needlessly, for the parties exhibiting are allowed until March 5, 1867, to place their contributions in the seaport towns of France, to be thence forwarded to Paris; and why should it be necessary to require them a year anwd ca half before that time to determine previously what they will exhibit, and how much space they will occupy? I am quite sure the mechanics and manufacturers and farmers of the northwest, with due notice and reasonable time allowed them, will fill the space allotted to them in the Universal Exposition of 1867 with contributions of which the young republic may well be proud, and of which the rest of mankind may take notice to their advantage; and I sincerely trust your excellency will at least make an effort to secure such modification of the published regulations and requirements as will give those of the northwest who desire to do so a fair opportunity to compete. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, JOHIN P. REYNOLDS, Secretary. His Excellency RICIFARD J. OGLESBY, Governor, Springfield, Illinlois. UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION AT PARIS. 41 lMr. Bigelow to _Mr. Seward. No. 191.1 LEGATION OF THE UNITED STATES, Paris, October 27, 1865. SIR: I have the honor to acklnowledge the receipt of your despatch No. 284, with an enclosure, by which I am advised of the appointment of J. C. Derby esq., of New York, as agent for the French Universal Exposition of 1867, to reside in the United States. I also have the honor to enclose a copy of a letter this day received from Mr. Beckwith, commissioner of the Exposition for the United States residing at Paris, from the tenor of which it would appear desirable that Americans wishing to exhibit should be notified as soon as possible to send in their applications with specifications to Mr. Derby, instead of Pending them to Mr. Beckwith. Tile reasons for giving this direction to the applications are sufficiently disclosed in Mr. Beckwith's note. I would suggest, also, that exhibitors be notified at the same time to make their applications as soon as possible, that the New York commissioner may have time enough to make his selections, allotments of space, drawings, &c., and transmit them to the commissioner at Paris before the 31st of Januarlv. It may be also desirable that the public be prepared in some way, either in this notice or otherwise, to expect that it will be the endeavor of the commissioners to secure as complete a representation of the art and industry of the United States as possible, and for that purpose that it will be necessary for them to make selections of representative articles in every class or group, rather than accept many specimens in the same class, whatever may be their merit. As the space will be limited, it is as well that this guiding principle of having a complete Exposition, if we are to have any, should be known early, both to aid in bringing about such a desirable result, and to ptrevent needless disappointment. It is to be presumed that the Army and Navy Departments have some novelties appropriate for this Exposition; if so, it is needless for me to say that anything coming from those quarters would be likely to command special attention. I am, sir, with great respect, your obedient servant, JOHN BIGELOW. IIon. WILLIAM HI. SEWARD, Secretary of State. fMr. Beckwith to Mr. Biffelow. [Enclosed in despatch No. 191.1 PARIS, October 26, 1865. DEAR Sin: In conformniity with the instructions of the Secretary of State which you communicated to me, I have to-day placed myself in correspondence with J. C. Derby, esq., agent, New York. I have prepared for himist. A general letter placing before him the present state of that part of the business of the Exhibition of 1867 which he will have first to take up. 2d. The loss of time consequent upon the necessity of waiting for the action of Congress renders it necessary to transfer to New York the work of dividing the ground among exhibitors, (as suggested in my letter to you of the 30th July, published,) where preparation can be made pending the needful legislation, to complete the work of distribution in a brief space of time afterwards. I have, therefore, transmitted to Mr. Derby eighteen letters, comprising all the applications for space in the Exhibition which I have received to this date. I have desired him to place the letters on record as a part of the applications to be considered in making the distribution of ground, and I have in conformity advised the writers that they will receive from Mr. Derby, in due time, definitive advices of the result of their applications. 4z UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION AT PARIS. I shall now prepare as early as possible the plans and drawings by which Mr. Derby wvill be governed in making the allotments, and shall point out to him the mariner and extent to which he can alter these plans to suit circumstances without departing firom the general order to which all conform. These documents will be accompanied by explanations and inforiation which will, I hope, render the worlr easy. I would now suggest the expediency of a notice, authorized by the government, requesting a.ll who wish to exhibit, and have not made bpplications, to send in their applications to Mr. Derby, with a limit of time in the notice beyond which no applications can be received. The work will be so far advanced by this method, I trust, that by the time the needful legislation is finished the allotments can at once be made, and the plans, catalogues, and reports sent forward, so as to be returned to the imperial colmmnission within the extended time they will be able to allow us. I beg to call your parlticular attlention tto the importance of the allotments of g'round; this, in reality, is the formation in embryo of the Exhibition. The selections of products w- ill be limited in quantity to the area they are to occupy, but in variety and character they should comiprise a full and ftir representation of American products, industry, arts, and science. To make these selections and the allotments of space for them is the work which now devolves on Mr. Derby, and for the selections it is not probable that any one man could be as,competent as several, each chosen for his knowledge in different departments. When the applications are all in, and the work prepared, the selections and apportionments, which niust proceed together, will occupy but little time. The attention of the government, I trust, will be. given to this, and suitable persons invited to assist Mr. Derby for a brief period in this important part of the work. Your obedient servant, N. M. BECKWITH, Commissionyer..Jons BIGELOW, Esq., Minister of the United States of Almerica, Paris. Mr. Seward to MLIr. Bigelow. DEPARTMENT OF STATE, Washington, November 11, 1865. Sli: Your despatch of the 27th ultimo, No. 191, relative to the French Uni-'versal Exhibition, and transmitting a copy of a letter of the previous day from MAr. Beckwith on the subject, has been received. A despattch has reached you in advance of this, firom which you will have learned ihat the suggestions of Mr. Beckwith and yourself have been practiCally anticipated in the proceedings of the (lepartment. I have, however, directed that your communication, which I am now answering, be published, and that copies be specially furnished to the Secretary of War and to the Secretary of the Navy. I um, sir, your obedient servant, WILLIA3M H. SEWARD. JoT-N BIGELOW, Esq., &-c., 4c., 4-c. C I R C U L A R. DEPART2MENT OF STATE, IVashington, Octobe?r 18, 1865. Smi: With reference to the Paris Universal Exposition for 1867, the enclosed printed copy,of a statement, which has been published with the sanction of this department, is transmitted ~or the information of yourself and of those who may be interested in the matter in your;neighborhood. I am, sir, your obedient servant, W. HIUNTER, A cting Secretary. UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION AT PARIS. 43 THE PARIS UNIVERSAL EXHIBITION FOR 1867. The Secretary of State has recently distributed a pamphlet on this subject, in which it was announced that all applications of citizens of the United States nust be filed at Paris before the 31st of October, instant. In thus publishing the correspondence, Mr. Seward felt it to be his duty to call attention to the passage to that effect in one of Mr. Bigelow's despatchs. It is presumed, however, that the imperial commission will accede to a request, which has been made through our minister at Paris, for an extension of time for applications from the United States, and that even if they should be unablle to do so, Mr. Beckwith, our special commissioner at Paris, can draw up the general plea of organization required by the programme before the 31st of this month, in such a mlanner as to provide for the admission of applications from the United States which may be made before January, 1866, or which may be received at Paris in time to be included, if accepted by our agents, in the detailed plan of arrangements required by the imperial commission from iMr. Beckwith, before the 31st of the last-named month. As stated in an official notice published a few days ago, J. C. Derby, esq., United States despatch agent at New York, (No. 5 Spruce street,) has been appointed agent for the Exposition in the United States. All applications to exhibit, and for information, should therefore be adldressed to him; and he is authorized to decide upon the admissibility of such applications. With regard to the question of transportation, the programme gives until the 6th of March, 1867, for the admission of foreign products at French seaports; and Congress will, therefore, have ampl time to decide whether they will, as heretofore on the occasions of exhibitions of such magnitude, provide -free transportation for articles going from the United States. It would appear that the inventors and producers of the United States have only to make up their minds and notify Mr. Derby with reasonable promptness as to what they purpose to send, to secure the advantage of being represented at an exhibition which will probably surpass any of its predecessors in splendor and importance. Mlir. IIunter to kIr. Bigelow. No. 290.] DEPARTMENT OF STATE, Wtas/in gton, October 23, 1865. SIR: Your despatch of the 21st of September, No. 174, with one enclosure relative to the appointment of an international scientific commission in connexion with the Paris Universal Exposition for 1867, has been received. Your judicious suggestions on the subject will be commended to the attention of Congress at an early day during its approaching session. I am, sir, your obedient servant, oW. HUNTER. JOHN BIGELOW, Esq., sq., 4Sc., C.,Q M3'-. Bigelow to MIt. Seward. [-With enclosures. ] No. 189.] Li,:GATION OF THE UNITED S'rATES, Paris, October 25, 1865. Sin: In compliance with the instructions contained in your despatch No. 236, I represented to the Commissioner General of the Universal Exposition of 1867 the impossibility of my country-people availing themselves, to any satisfactory extent, of the invitation of the commissioners to be represented on that occassion unless the time for complying with the preliminary conditions was extended. I have this day received from Mr. Le Play a reply, in which he informs me that the commissioners, in view of the exceptional circumstances in which we were placed, had directed, in substance, that the reports required by the published regulations to be made by foreign commissioners, before the 31st of October, 1865, 44 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION AT PARIS. would be received from the commissioner of the United States as late as the 31st of January, 1S66. The correspondence which has passed between us upon the subject is enclosed. I have reason to believe that the prompt and favorable consideration given to my application was due, in a great degree, to an earnest wish expressed by the Emperor that every facility should be afforded for a liberal representation of American industry and art. It is due, therefore, to his Majesty, as well as to the commissioners, that Congress lose no time, after it assembles, in accepting or declining' the invitation of the commissioners, and should they accept it, in makincg suitable and immediate provisions for a compliance with such regulations as lhave not been -waived by the French authorities. I am, sir, with great respect, your obedient servant, JOHN BIGELOW. Hron. WILLIAM,. H. SE:WA RD3, SeCretary qf State. [Enclosure I to dispatch 189.1 Mr. Bigelow to Mr. Le Play. LEGATION OF TIlE UNITED STATES, Paris, October 13, 1865. Sin: Recaiing the communication which I had the honor to address to you dated the 18th ulti-mo, in partial response to your note of the 11th of August last, I desire to subimit to you, -nd through you to the iimperial commissioners, a supplementary reply suggested by recent instructions from imy government. Official communication of the hospitable intentions of the Emperor and of the imperial commission did not reach my government until early in April last. With as little delay as possible, I was commissioned to represent my government, provisionally at least, as its special agent near the commissioners, notice of which reached me on the 28th of April last. By the regulations of the commissioners, each foreign commission is required to deliver a plan exhibiting the subdivisions which they adopt in their respective departments destined for each class of objects to be exhibited by the 31st of October, and a list of all the exhibitors, with a detailed plan of the ground to be allotted to each in the respective departments, before the 31st of January next. I have already had the honor to inform you that the executive government of the IUnited States has no authority to enter into engagements, in anticipation of the action of the national legislature, for the purposes contemplated in this gratifying invitation of the imperial government, and that, unfortunately, Congress had acldjourned befo,:re the invitation was communicated to the President. That body does not retassemble before the month of December next, till when, whatever is done must be done at the risk of not conforming with the policy and plans which must ultimately prevail. For a fair representation of the arts, implements, and agrilcultural, mineral, and inlionunfactured products of a nation, time is necessary1. To notify all those different interests. 2. For them to send in their applications. 3. For a selection to be made fiom the articlespresented proportioned to the allottedl space. All this work must precede the report of allotments called for on the 31st of October, and From this alone can the classification of objects, lists of exhibitors, and plans be made which are called for on the 31st of January, 1866. I have already informed you that it would be impossible for Americans to avail themselves, to any extent, of the privileges offered by the imperial commission upon these terms. Assuming, however, that some modification or relaxation of the regulations might be made, in view of the exceptional circumstances in which the American exhibitors are placed, my government hastened to spread before the country all the information in its possession in regard to the Exposition, that no time need be lost by exhibitors after the assembling of Congress in setting in motion whatever machinery it should place at their service. I have before me a voluminous quarto pamphlet just published nunder the auspices of the State Department, containing a translation of the regnlations and classifications with which you favored me, a large ground plan of the Exposition, and all the official correspondence which has reached the government from this legation. This pamphlet, as I am informed by the Secretary of State in a communication which accompanies it, and of which I enclose a copy, has been distributed with the utmost possible despatch, while a brief memorandum of facts of most immediate importance to exhibitors has been prepared and widely circulated in the public journals. UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION AT PARIS. 45 You will not fail to discover in these facts, and in the tenor of Mr. Sewarrld's despatbc, evidence of the great interest which the President takes in the. coming Exposition, and of his desire to insure, as far as practicable, a compliance with all the conditions imposed by the commissioners. But I need not say that an absolute compliance will be impossible. "If," says Mr. Seward, "the time allotted for filing' applications is adhered to in regard to the United States, the majority of those who would probably become exhibitors if sufficient time ere allowed will be practically excluded by the impossibility of getting the applications in in season fir acceptance." Under these circumstances, I am instructed by my government to submit to the imper1ial commissioners, without delay, an application for an extension of the time within which American exhibitors will be required to comply with the terms of Articles 7 and 9 of the general regulations of the imperial commission, approved by imperial decree July 12, 1865. I trust the imperial commissioners will see in this request a proof of the earnest desire df my government to testify its high appreciation of the motives which inspired this noble enterprise, and of its wish to do what becomes it to render the Exposition what it was designed to -be-universal. I have the honor to be, sir, your obedient servant, JOHN BIGELOW, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of tie United States, and Special A4rent for tfer Exposition. Monsieur LE PLAY, Counsellor of State, Special Commissioner, &c., LSc., &c. [Enclosure 3 to despatch 89.-TTranslation.' Mr. Le Play to LMAr. Biaelo'w. IMIPERIAL COMMIISSION, faris Palace of Industry, (Door No. 1,) October 23, i865. MR. MINISTER: I have received your letter dated the 17th October, by which you inform nme that the government of the United States is not able to assume any engagement relative to the Universal Exposition of 1867 before Congress has acted upon the subject at the coming legislative session. You add that, notwithstanding, the executive authority has given great publicity to the documents sent by the imperial commission, and that it has collected in a pamphlet the documents and information of a nature interesting to producers. You have had the kindness to send me a copy of a letter from Mr. Seward, testifying the interest which his Excellency Mr. President Johnson takes in this enterprise, and of his desire to conform as far as possible to the wishes of the imperial commission. But your government calls attention to the fact that, in consequence of the adjournment of Congress, it cannot foiw-ard to the imperial commission before the 31st October, 1865, the plan of arrangement on the scale of 0. 002 to the metre, (Article 7, General Regulations, ) and it charges you to request of the co1mmission a prolongation of the time allowed. I thank you, Mr. Minister, for these several communications. The imperial commission sees with the greatest pleasure the efforts of your government to insure the participation of the United States in the Exposition of 18.67, and the activity which you have yourself shown in transmitting its instructions, and recommending them to the attention of the executive authority. It comprehends, besides, that by reason of the adjournlment of Congress it will not be possible to adopt final measures before the 31st October, 1865, or even to send the approximate plan required by the general regulations. It therefore, making an exception, -consents to wait for this plan until the 31st of next January, and te delay up to that time the construction of the interior divisions of the section of the United States. I consider that your government has adopted an excellent measure in bringing to the knowledge of the public by a pamphlet and by the newspapers the documents relative to the Exposition. -The American producers, thus informed in advance, will be sooner prepared to send their applications, and it will be easier for you to conform to the new allowance of time of which I have the honor to notify you. I hope, moreover, that this delay, which could not be extended, in view of the obligation resting upon the imperial commission to hasten:their buildings, will meet with your assent. Accept, Mr. Minister, the assurance of my high consideration. I'. LE PLAY, Coullsellor of State and Commissioner cGeieral.,Mr. JOHNu BIGELOW, Envoy Extraordinary and Miniister Plenipootentiary of the United States. P. S.-I am glad to renew to you the assurance of the very lively interest which I attach personally to seeing at last, for the first time, youre great nation represented at a Universal 46 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION AT PARIS. Exposition. I add that I anm in this only the interpreter of the desire of the Emlperor and of the imperial commission. When Congress shall have acted, it will then be highly necessary for the Commissioner of the United States to repair the time lost. You can then count upon the cordial co-operation of all our agents, if it will be useful to you. L[Enclosure 4 to despatch 189.] Mr. Bigceloeo to Mr. Le Play. LEGATION OF THE UNITED STATES, Paris, October 25, 1856. Sir: I have received your communication of the 23d instant, announcing the assent of the imperial commission of the Universal Exposition to extend the time within which the Commissioner of the United States will be required to present his plan, to the 31 st of Januar:y, 1866. I cherish the hope that we shall have no further occasion to tax the indulgence of the com-mission, but, in any event, I beg to anticipate the instructions of my government by tendering to you, and through you to your associate commissioners, its thanks for the prompt and favorable consideration they had been pleased to bestow upon its application. Accept, Mr. Commissioner, the assurance of my most distinguished consideration. JOHN BIGELOW. ionsieur F. L E PLAY, Counsellor of State and Comlmlissioner General. Mr. Seward to Mr. Bigelow. No. 308.] DEPARTMENT OF STATE, TWashington, November 13, 1865. SIR: Your despatch of the 25th ultimo, communicating to me your correspondence with Mr. Le Play, in regard to the extension of the time for preparation by applicants from this country for space in the French Universal Exhibition, has been received. I must request you to indicate, in such manner as may seem to you proper, the high sense entertained by this government of the courteous compliance by the imperial government and the commissioner general with the application. Upon the assembling of Congress I shall lose no time in adopting your suggestion relative to submitting to that body the correspondence. I am, sir, your obedient servant, WILLIAM H. SEWARD. JOHN BIOELOW, Esq., 4-c., 4-c., 4-c. iMr. Bigelow to 3Mr. Seward. PARIS, 2NoVtember 1,6, 1865. MY DEAR SIR: I have received the enclosed communication from Mr. Beckwith, designed to correct a misapprehension, supposed to exist at the State Department, in regard to the necessity of prompt action by Congress upon the subject of the French Exposition of 1867. I am, dear sir, very sincerely, yours, JOHN BIGELOW. 11on). WILLIAM H. SEWARD, 4-c., 4c., 4-c. UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION AT PARIS. 47 Mr. Beckwithl tb Mr. Bioelow. PARIS, Norenmber 16, 1865. DEAR SIR: The observations relating to the action of Congress in regard to providingtransportation for the exhibition, contained in the article annexed to the circular of the Department of State, of the 18th November, leave the impression that there is no occasion for the immediate decision of Congress on that subject, and as no other subject is named yrequiriingearly attention, the inference naturally suggests itself that there is none. I cannot doubt, however, that your despatches and my letters have presented the real situation, which requires an early decision, and that this will appear in the commlunications of government to Congress. The application for time (which was granted) related only to the report due onil the 31Sst October. That report was preliminary, and admitted of subsequent modifications, and delay in regard to it was not of great moment, but the important report called for on the 31st January next is final in regard to that part of the work. Itincludes the aliotment of ground and formation of the exhibition, (in embryo,) leaving but the subsequent labor of bringing it to maturity. Thifs report cannot be mudle until after the action of Congress. All that has been done is provisional and contingent on the future decision of the government; but to make the report in question we must abandon contingencies, and enter ulpon positive engagements with the imperial commission and w ith exhibitors. The early decision of Congress is therefore indispensable to avoid further delay:led another appeal for more time. There can be no doubt of the readiness of the imlperial commission, and of the Emperor to grant all the delay possible, without interrupting seriously the general progress of the work: but how far a delay of the important report alluded to would embarrass the general movement I am unable to judge. All that the imperial commission has said on the subject is, that the work is well advanced: that we are the only nation now in arrear, and they hope, and appear to expect, we will soon be able to make iup lost tinle. I am the more anxious to have the present state of the business clearly understood-because, after the action of Congress, we shall need all the delay we can obtain. There is a good deal of work to be done in New York, which haIs been presented in ampledetail to Mr. Derby, but the work cannot be done till after the decision of Congres, and it forced to be done hastily, cannot be well done. Yours truly, N. M. BECKWITIH. JouixT BIGELOW, Esq., &c., &c., &cc. CIRCULAR. NEW YORK, 1Norvember 16, 18565. Applicants for, space for the exhibition of articles at the Paris Universal Exhibition for' 1867, residing in the United States, should fill out in duplicate their applications according to the form hereto annexed, address them to me, and forward by mail, prepaying postage. Applicants will please comply with the following rules: Ist. If it is desired to exhibit machines or other objects requiring foundations or special constructions, give the dimensions of these foundations or constructions. 2d. If it is desired to exhibit apparatus requiring the employment of water, of gas, or of steam, state what quantity, or what pressure of water, or gas, or steam will be necesssry. 3d. If it is desired to put machinery in motion, state what will be the velocity proper to each machine, and what motive power will be required, expressed in horse-power. 4th. Furnish, in general, whatever information will be of use in the placing of the machines, and, wherever possible, a plan upon a fixed scale. 5th. Persons who apply for room in the park, and propose to establish there constructions of any kind, or agricultural buildings, or gardens' will take care to give a plan, with a scale of the establishment proposed, with an indication of the extent of ground which will be necessary. The amount of space assigned to the United States in the exhibition palace is about thirty thousand feet. The space to be assigned to them in the surrounding park for agricultural and other purposes has not yet been decided upon; and as it depends upon the nature of the applications for space there, it is very desirable that such applications should be sent in as soon as possible. As much promptness as may be consistent with due deliberation is earnestly recommended in all applications, as it is now ascertained that those received at New York after the I st of January, 1866, will be too late. .48 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION AT PARIS. Due notice will be given to applicants as to tfhe acceptance or rejection of their applications. If accepted, it is expected that the applicants will have until January or February, 1867, to prepare and transport their specimens. J. C. DERBY, Agent of the Ezhibition for the United States, No. 5 Spruce street, Neii York City. (Insert name in full, occupation or profession of applicant.) The undersigned respectfully applies for the pri-vilege of exhibiting at the Paris Universal Exhibition for 1867, subject to the regulations thereof. (Insert signature of applicant.) (Residence, and situation of his establishment.) (Designation of medals obtained at the Universal Expositions of 1851, 1855, and 1862.) (Detailed statement of products which the applicad]t desires to exhibit.) SPACE APPLIED FOR IN THE UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OF 1867. Extent of floor in the palace. Extent of wall in the palace. Exhibition in the park. Breadth of Height. Depth. Breadth of Height. Form and dimension of faqade. faCade. space desired. (Let the inforimation, &c., indicated in the foregoing ciicnlar follow here.) Copy transmitted to Secretary of State, by Mr. Derby. AGENCY FOR TIIE UIJITED STATES, No. 5 Spruce street, Tribune Buildings, and 40 Park Row, Times Building, New York, November 24, 1865. SIR: The papers which have been heretofore transmitted to your excellency concerning the Paris Universal Exhibition of 1867 have, without doubt, impressed you with the advantage to be gained by a thorough and creditable representation of the art manufactures and agriculture cf the United States at that Exhibition. I have the honor to transmit to your Excellency by this mail several copies of a revised and enlarged edition of the official pamphlet on the subject, from which you will perceive that the extension of time for filing applications asked for by our minister at Paris has been granted, and that all applications received by me before the Ist of January next will be in season, and be taken into consideration. As a most lucid and conclusive statement of the benefits to be derived from such exhibitions, I have the honor to invite your particular attention to a letter of the 3d of April last from Mr. Beckwith, the Special Commissioner of the United States for the exhibition, which is printed on the 8th page of the second edition of the pamphlet, and to one of the 30th of July last from the same gentleman, to be found on page 32. I am receiving daily very numerous applications, and there can be no doubt the space assigned to our countrymen will be fully occupied; but it is the anxious desire of the commission to have this nation handsomely and completely represented in every department of its natural )roductions-its manufactures, arts, and science. With this view, I respectfully request that your excellency will cause to be distributed among leading manufacturers, mechanics, inventors, producers, engineers, architects, scientific and educational organizations, and among the principal newspaper editors in your State, the address, one hundred copies of which I enclose. UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION AT PARIS. 49 It is apprehended that individuals may not fully appreciate the importance of providing a complete representation of the great staples and the crude agricultural and mineral productions of their States; and I submit to your excellency the expediency of your instructing some competent person to cause to be collected, labelled, and forwarded to the agency, specimens of the'character indicated, space for which will be reserved. In conclusion, I beg your excellency to adopt such general and timely measures as may be in your power towards developing a just representation of all important interests in your State; and I venture to suggest that one of the readiest and most effective methods of doing this would be the publication, in some of the leading newspapers in the State, of copious extracts from the official correspondence to which I have referred, and especially of the list of groups and classes of articles, which, as Mr. Beckwith remarks, is a most complete and comprehensive enumeration of the productions of human art and industry; and, as such, possesses great intrinsic value for the public. I have the honor to be, your excellency's very obedient servant, J. C. DERBY, General Agent in the' Unted Stetes. His Excellency GOVERNOR OF TITE STATE OF MAINE, Augusta. (Same sent to governors of all States and Territories.) OFFICE OF THE UNITED STATES AGENCY OF THE EXPOSITION, No. 5 Spruce street, Tribune Buildings, and No. 40 Park Rote, Times Building, New York, November 23, 1S65.'lo the manafJ'lcturers, mechanics, inventors, producers, engineers, architects, artists, and scientific and educational organizations of the United States. The undersigned, having been appointed by the Secretary of State to the above-named agency, and being desirous of the co-operation of his countrymen in his efforts to make as complete, interesting, and creditable as possible the representation of this country at the great exhibition, adopts this Inethod of conveying to them information and suggestions upon the subject. In compliance with a request made through our minister at Paris, the time for filing applications from the United States has been so far extended that all which reach the undersigned before the 1st of January next will be in season. When examined and considered, the decisions will be duly made known. Parties wishing to exhibit are requested to apply immediately to the undersigned for correct forms of application and instructions, enclosing postage stamps for reply. Articles accepted should be delivered at New York prior to January 31, 1867. Accepted articles will be shipped from New York to Paris anrd returned at government expense, provided the necessary action of Congress obtains. To prevent unnecessary trouble, it should be understood that it is a primary object to make the representation of the United States as complete as possible in all the classes and groups enumerated ih the programme published in the official correspondence, and that it will therefore be necessary to select representative articles in every class or group rather than accept an excess of any one class. In order to secure the universality of character above indicated, it is suggested that in each city or neighborhood those classes of manufacturers, artisans, and others who produce articles for very general use or consumption, should, without any delay, agree among themselves as to the specimens for which space should be applied for. Every effort should be made to bring forward new and useful mechanical inventions, combinations, and fabrics, and pains should be taken to have all articles neatly and thoroughly finished and prepared for exhibition. As the decisions, report, and plan of arrangements from the undersigned must reach Paris prior to the 31st of January next, it is very desirable that all applications should be sent in as much earlier than the 1st of that month as may be practicable. J. C. DERBY, Agentfor the Paris Universal Exhibition, No. 5 Spruce street, Tribune Buildings, and No. 40 Park Row, Times Building, Nlew York. Professor Joy to Mr. Derby. [Extract.'] COLUMBIA COLLEGE, New York, December 4, 1865. DEAR SIIR: The suggestion contained iii your advertisement of- the Paris Exposition " that some competent person be instructed in each State to cause to be collected, labelled and forwarded to the agency, specimens of agricultural and mineral productions of the State in 4. 50 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION AT PARIS. which the agelnt resides, in order to have complete representation of our resources of wealthl at the Exposition," is one of the most important I have yet seen, and merits more attention than it may receive as a simple advertisement. I think the idea will be embodied in a circular to be widely diffused, and that it will meet with a hearty response from every State. It would be well to have' one person to dilect and systematize the collection, some one already tolerably familiar v ith the metallic, agricultural, and mineral resources of the State he represents. By addressing circulars to the various mining companies, manufacturing, and agricultural societies, colleges and institutes, I think sufficient voluntary contributions would be made. Such a feature would excite the utmost interest in Europe, and would tend to the investment of capital in sections where sources of wealth now lie dormant. It would be the interest of.each State to employ and pay such an agent, and if the State decline to do it, private subscription ought to accomplish the end. If we could get up a rivalry between the towns of each county, and between the counties of each State, so much the better. It may be asked, why take all this trouble for a French Exposition? The answer is a simple one. The audience in Paris is the largest, and the umpires the best in the world. Whoever carries off the award is the champion of the world. It is worth while to enter into a contest of this magnitude. By sending specimens to I/aris we shall ascertain how much they are worth without any cost to ourselves. You remember the circumstances of the discovery of gold in Australia. Some geological specimens were brought to England. Sir R. Murchison happened to see them, and said at once, ""Where these occur you will find gold.", Humboldt saw the sand of Liberia, and told the owner of the property to search for diamonds. It was done, and the first one found was sent to Humboldt. Many have since been obtained there. A little red crystal was sent to France and proved to contain chromium. Afterwards the same metal was found near Baltimore, and we now use thousands of pounds of it for printing our bank notes. An American apothecary discovered chloroform; years after it was proposed by Dr. Simpson of Edinburg, as an anresthetic. There were no Expositions in those days to make known to the world at large important discoveries. I recollect in walking through the Paris Exposition of 1855, that the gentleman who was with me stepped before a case to spell out the name of a new substance-paraffine-" What in the world is that? " said he. He made a note of it, as doubtless did many others. The substance now gives us light in candles, and is used on our matches; is a help in photography, and has many applications, and yet it had long been known as a scientific curiosity. These illustrations taken from different fields of industry will suffice to shodw the importance of having everything represented at the Exposition. There is another idea, not mentioned in your circular, which I consider is second in importance to none. It is the appointment, by the government, of a scientific commission to attend the Exposition, and report in detail upon each section. These reports ought to be made with great care-to be popular in style, to embrace every new application of science to art exhibited in the vast collection, and they ought to be published for general circulation. Witness the report by Professor Hoffman, of London, on the chemical section. It is the most valuable contribution ever made to the department of science. Yours very truly, CHARLES A. JOY. Mr. J. C. DERBY. 2iMr. Thayer to 2Mr'. feward. HIALL OF MARYLAND INSTITUTE, Baltimore, 1M1Id., October 15, 1865. Sin: With the enclosed I have the honor to tender the distinguished consideration of the board of managers of the Maryland Institute. Very respectfully, NATH. H.. THAYER, Cor. Sec. M1arzy'and Institute to M11r. iSeiward. Resolred, Th a t the Maryland Institute appreciates in a high degree the importance of the great World's Exposition of the works of industry and ar UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION AT PARIS. 51 proposed to be held in Paris in 1867, under the auspices of the French government. Resolved, That the Institute has observed with much interest the attention paid to the Aubject by our Secretary of State, Hlon. William H. Seward, through our minister at Paris. Resolved, That it is of the highest importance that the mechanical and artistic interests of our country should be properly represented, and that the attention of the Congress of the United States is earnestly invoked to the subject, in order that an appropriation may be made necessary for the purpose. Resolved, That a committee of five be appointed by the president of the Institute to urge the matter, and present the same to the attention of our senators and representatives, and the public, in order to serve the great object contemplated. JOHN F. MEREDITH, Pres. NATH. H. TI-IAYER, Cor. Sec. Mr. Seward to Mr. Thayer. DEPARTMENT OF STATE, Washington, December 9, 1S65. SIR: I have received your letter of the 15th of October transmitting a copy of resolutions adopted by the Maryland Institute upon the subject of the French Universal Exposition to be held in 1867. I beg you to accept and to convey to the Institute my apology for the tardiness of this acknowledgment, and the assurance of my high appreciation of the spirit which has prompted the resolutions. I am, sir, your obedient servant, WILLIAM H. SEWARD. NATHAN..H. TFIAYER, Esq., Corresponding Secretary of the MIaryland Institute, Baltimore. iteresting letter.from United States Comnmissioner Beckwith, and other papers containing valuable advice and information to exhibitors. Mr. J. C. Derby, United States despatch agent, who has been appointed by Secretary Seward to forward from this port such articles as may be sent from this coantry to the French exhibition, has opened offices for the reception of these articles at No. 5 Spruce street, Tribune buildings, and No. 40 Park row, Tinmes building. Mr. Derby has just received from the State Department the following interesting despatches written by United States Commissioner Beckwith: [No. 4.] PARIS, November 1, 186D5. DEAR SIR: The leading object of the French government in undertaking the exhibition of 1867 is indicated in the method adopted by the imperial commission for the purpose of forming the exhibition.'The principal motive of producers in exhibiting may be to advertise the qualities and value of their products, thus augmenting sales and profits. But these considerations are only collateral and secondary with the government. The primary object is an opportunity for the comparison of products and the study of processes by which the knowledge that multiplies products, improves their qualities, and diminishes their cost, is diffused. For this purpose it is obvious that the exhibition should be "universal;" that is, it should comprise specimens of the useful products of the universe. To give to the exhibition, as far 52 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION AT PARIS. as possible, the chalacter of universality, ilhe method of forming it, suggrested by experience, and adopted by the imperial commission, more fully than in any preceding exhibition, is the following: All useful products are first divided into groups, and the groups divided in classes. The ground on which the products are to be exhibited is then divided into compartments corresponding to the groups and classes, aand these compartments are in due course to be filled with their appropriate objects. By this method of proceeding, the exhibition will of necessity have the character of universality intended. An examination of the grouping and classification which have been published will show that however diversified and different the products of different countries and climates, they will all find a place in the different classes, while no country of any extent, probably, will be found destitute of products suited to each class. In dividing the ground, the importance of some products as compared with those of the same country is not overlooked. The more important should have a corresponding representation, which, in general, implies a larger space. This is provided for as follows: The divisions suited to the products of France and adopted by the imperial commission are represented as a model. But discretion is reserved to the commission of each country to remodel this plan and adapt it to their own wants, which is only limited by the skeleton or autonomy of the general plan, which requires all groups and classes to be preserved, and precludes any from being entirely obliterated. The property of this provision may be explained in this manner: All countries, for example, produce clothing; but the makers of clothes in our country might not feel much interest in exhibiting their work in another country with a view to markets whered'ifferences of climate, of race, and of habits are against them. There is, however, no product of labor more important, none in which human skill has been more universally; nor to which science and art have been more elaborately applied in the conversion of raw material, in the adaptation of garments to climates, to particular uses, and to the various conditions of life, and for the comparisons necessary to, an appreciation of the best qualities of each; collections of native costumes or clothing from all countries are equally desirable and valuable. The method thus carried out will obviously produce the conditions desired; facilities of comparisons and the studies of processes relating to products of greater importance, and to those of less. importance to the products of one locality, as compared with those of another in the same country, and to the products of all countries compared with each other. The exhibition will at the same time be, to a large extent, an advertisement of products for the direct interest of producers. My chief purpose in this brief explanation of method and object is to call your attention more pointedly to one of the topics in my letter of the 26th of October, viz: The allotment of ground to exhibitors. The allotment of ground is the formation of your exhibition; when this is complete your exhibition (in embryo) will be completed. The success of its representative character, in a national sense, depends, therefore, in the knowledge and judgment displayed in the allotments, because that determines at once the variety of products to be displayed, and the quality and importance ascribed to those selected for exhibition in each department. A right understanding of the views of the French government in regard to the exhibition, in which the United States are invited to co-operate, and the importance which attaches to the allotments, will, I hope, excuse my having returned to this subject and dwelt so long upon it. Your obedient servant, N. Mi. BECKWITH, United States Cornmissioner. J. C. DERBY, Government A.gent, New York. [No. 9.] PARIS, Novemberi 8, 1865. DEAR SIR: I have alluded in previous letters to the great importance attached by the imperial commission, not only to the exhibition of useful products,,but to the exhibition of the methods and processes by which these objects are produced. Extensive preparations will be made in the palace and in the park to exhibit machinery in action, accompanied by the persons usually employed with it, displaying at once its method of action and its products. Great efforts are also making to bring together and exhibit groups of families of persons of all nations usually employed in the industrial arts, whether carried on by mechanical means or by the use of a few tools and implements combined with manual labor and skill, dressed * The letter here referred to is published in the official pamphlet, second edition, page 37, and with these papers. UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION' AT PARIS. 53 in their native working costunies, installed in their usual habitations, or those resembling them, and fabricating the objects they exhibit. The interest and importance which the imperial comnll.ission ascribes to the exhibition of methods and processes, the scope intended to be given to this department, the police, sanitary and other peculiar provisions requisite, and the general co-operation which is invited, are set forth in the document hereto annexed. It comprises thirty-two pages, chiefly in lithograph and partly in manuscript. It has not yet been published, and is incomplete. The plan is developed day by day, under the study of the imperial commission, aided by the suggestions of others, which are invited and frequently adopted. I send it in the imperfect form, because I think it sufficiently developed for your purposes, and no more time should be lost in presenting it for your consideration and that of the persons with whomn you will doubtiess advise in forming the exhibition. The proglraimme, you will observe, includes all nations and nationalities, civilized and uncivilized, among whom industrial arts exist; and there are few people without them. Doubtless the greatest variety and number of these industrial groups wvill come fromn oriental nations, who are little advanced in the science of mechanics, and destitute of the great combinations of capital and skill embraced in large manufactories. Industrial art among them is still confined to the family circle; but their products are abundant in variety and quantity, frequently excellent in quality, often of great beauty, and in the important elements of utility and cost they still hold in check and nearly control the great markets of the east, exposed to the competition of the best fabrics of Europe and America. But the imperial commission does not limit its exhibition to the east; it hopes for similar exhibitions from North America and from South America; and I am desired to bring the subject to your particular attention. The programme is comprehensive in the scope of industries it proposes to exhibit. Workers in metals, in glass, in chemicals, in wood, in leather, in all materials; hand-spinning, weaving and embroidery, machine sewing, machine shoemaking, knotting of fish-nets,. twisting of fish-lines. No industry will be out of place, even to a group of red Indians making pipes, bows, wampurn, feathers or baskets. These last, indeed, would be among the most unique and interesting objects you could send. They would add a valuable feature to the ethnological elements which the many nationalities assembled, with their peculiar habits, manners, industries, and character, are expected to display, and which subject the French scientific commission has been particularly directed to study. However uninteresting a group of red men may be in America, few objects would be thought more interesting in Europe; while similar groups brought from the east mlay afford subjects equally curlions and instructive to Americans. Your obedient servant, N. M. BECKWITH, U:Zited States Comnriissiumler. J. C. DERBY, A sent, New York. [No. 10. PARIS, Norember 8, 18, 5. DiARu SIR: The special committee (French) on admissions, Class No. 93, on habitations combining cheapness, health, and comfort, bave published the document annexed. Ground in the park is appropriated for this purpose, and great importance is attached by the imperial commission to the exhibition of rural habitations from all countries. It is suggested, also, that the furniture adapted to them, being on exhibition, may be placed in them, and that they may be inhabited by the families or groups of persons alluded to in my letter No. 9, and the documents attached to it. The impression prevails that we produce in Amlerfica model houses of iron, combining la ny useful qualities and adapted to many localities; also model houses of wood, comprising similar qualities in a higher degree-such houses as are shipped to California, &c. But great interest attaches to the exhibition of rural habitations, of whatever material, adapted to all classes of laborers and every grade of fortune, including the log-houses of remote settlers and those of the transitional condition, from an humbler to a higher state of prosperity and comfort corresponding with the use and development of condition and wealth in settlements of rapid growth, in which no country can compare with America. A row or group of this kind woujd speak strongly to the eye and the mind. It would contrast strongly with corresponding groups fiom different parts of Europe and the east, where characteristics are immobility and poverty-no growth, no change. Habitations of this description are typical of the moral and physical condition of the great bull; of the population of all countries; they indicate the degrees of intelligence, thrift, and prosperity among thiem, and would be oljects of 54 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION AT PARIS. interest and instruction to the great emigratory classes, as well as to the philosopher and Aconomlist. Your obedient servant, N. M. BECKWITTH, United States CGmnmissioner. J. C. DErcBY, Esq., Agenzt, Ntew York. [No. 12.1 PARIS, November 8, 1855. DEAR Sin: The annexed publication is from the Special Commission on Costumes, Class 92, and indicates the method adopted in France for perfecting that part of the exhibition. The people of western Europe descend from successive invasions of numerous races which settled in various localities, holding comparatively small intercourse with each other previous to the epoch of railways, and preserving, consequently, great variety of dialect, habits, manners, and costumes. These characteristics are suggestive not only of differences of origin, but the influences which tend to preserve or create the differences' in question, such as peculiarities of climate, soil, geographic configuration, occupation, &c., in localities but little removed firom each other. The difference of origin and the better means of communication in America, the uniformity of institutions, the diffusion of common literature, the superior intelligence, and the homogeneous character of the nation, tend alike to preclude the preservation of growth of similar local distinctions, while the brief history of the country from its settlement embraces too short a period of time for the modifications of character and the development of local differences which it is becoming the fashion to ascribe, with or without reason, to the powerful influence of the elements. I doubt if you will be able to make a collection of native costumes that will be very inter esting or instructive, whether in a historical or an ethnological sense. Your obedient servant, N. M. BEC KWITH, U. S. Conlnmissioner. J. C. DERLgY, Esq., Agent, Neow York. [No. 14.] IPARIS, November 8, 1865. DEAR SIR: Class No. 52, in the 6th group, comprises machines and apparatuses suited to the uses of the exhibition. The plan of the special committee, to which the most of this work is assigned, is to supply motive power to the exhibition as far as practicable, by using the machines exhibited. The arrangements for steam power are as follows: The machines and apparatuses to be moved by steam power belong to Class 470,066, group 6, and will occupy the great gallery, (hall,) forming the outer circle but one of the palace. The furnaces and generators will be placed in the park, outside the walls of the palace, in a circular line, parallel with the wall, but at equal distances from each other, to correspond with the different localities within the palace requiring steam. This service will be divided into fourteen sections, organized and worked separately. The force will be transmitted to shafts in gallery No. 6. The shafts will extend in polygonal lines yielding to the curve of the gallery, and transmitting the force to various machines to be moved. It is proposed by the commission to supply requisite motive power by letting the work in sections to contractors aforfait, (by the job.) The annexed document, in lithograph, presents the conditions and bases on which the commission invites the offers of contractors, and they engage to give a preference to the contractors belonging to the nationality to which the contract may apply. It may be doubtful if any of our good engineers happen to be familiar enough with the elements of such a contract, such as cost of material, fuel, labor, living, &c., in Paris, to enable them to make safe estimates and offers; and equally doubtful whether their present employment is not more remunerative than any they would be likely to obtain here in competition with lower wages, permanent residence, and better knowledge of the situation. But there may be those who may be able to see their interest in it, and, in conformity with the inventors of the plan, and the wishes of the committee, I submit the matter to your consideration. Youre obedient servant, N. M. BECKWITH, United States Commissioner. J. C. DERBY, Esq., Aerent, Arew Yorke. UNIVEIRSAL EXPOSITION AT PARIS8. 55 [No. 15.] I'ARIS, November 8, i865. DEAR SIR: itlnry p);1ersons engaged in agriculture, manufactures, and various industries will desire to visit the exhibition for the purpose of studying it in connexion with their particular interests. It is likely also that many of those persons whose studies would produce practical and useful results may not be able to afford the whole expense which it involves. The annexed publication emanates fiomn an association collateral to the imperial comnmission founded on a capital of $100,000, for the purpose of aiding the class of persons in question to visit the exhibition by means of contracts in their favor at reduced prices with railways, steam navigation companies, hotel-keepers, &c. The articles of association and methods of proposed operations are described in the annexed pamphlet. I send it mnerely as a suggwestion which some ilngcnious and wvell-disposed persons may embrace, to originate a similar organization, if thouLoht lluseftll Idl rlequlisite on our side. Your obedient servant, N. I1. BECKWi ITtH tUnited States Comnmnissioner. J. C. DVRImY, Esq., Agent, New York. THIE FRNENCH EXHIBITION. GxREAT PREPARATIONS IN FRANCE. -TIiE WORRINGMIEN.-AWITAT AMERICAN EXmrollT-OR ns CAN DO.-S-UGGESTIONS. [Correspondence of the New York Evening Post. ] PARIS, Novemlber, 1865.. Although sixteen months must pass before the opening of the French Universal Exposition, it is a topic which excites much attention here. Its great importance as offering a complete development of the progress of the whole world of arts, science, manufactures, and mechanical improvements, should not be thrown away upon the people of the United States. The Emperor, with his accustomed sagacity, offers an opportunity to his people to inform themselves of all that can aid them in the improvement and economy of all classes, and they are more than ready to take advantage of it. The representation of the products of French industry will be perfect. From the largest to thle smallest all will be represented, and even now the various shops are ringing with the vigorous efforts of their workmen, the meanest of whom feels that the glory of France rests in some measure upon his shoulders. The whole empire is districted, and committees and sub-committees innumerable are formed for the purpose of fully setting forth the various specialties they represent. These committees are not for show, as has often been the case; every man means work, and in his special sphere will conscientiously, and with that minutenessf so thoroughly French, perform all that it is his duty to do. THE WVORKIINGAIEN. The' workiingmen, among themselves, are establishing savings banks, the collected funds in which are to pay the expenses of a certain number to visit the Exposition, and there to carefully study the department in which they are interested, and then to report to their colleagues at home. Every facility will be afforded by the government, and even now arrangements are in preparation for the economical transit of one million of workingmen 4rYom their workshops and back, thereby adding millions of ideas and millions of francs to the future welfare of France. The colonies ale all equally interested, and Cochin China, Cayenne, and Algeria will have their full share. ADVANTAGES. Although it is to France that the greatest good will result from the grand Exposition there is no nation but can derive advantages from an earnest and painstaking interest in the agair. This is fully appreciated on this side of the Atlantic. The commission for Great Britain, composed not of politicians, but of the most practical men in every department, is now hard at work, and the result will be seen first in the thorough manner in which each class. and department will be represented, and second in the complete and exhaustive reports Dwhich will be made upon the articles exhibited and their bearing upon progress in England. The results of previous exhibitions have proved so practically valuable to both England and France that they will spare no expense to derive all the benefit possible from this the most 56 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION AT PARIS. complete opportunity ever offered. The solidity and comparative coarseness of English manl ufactures has been tempered with the beauty and adornment of French skill, while the slen der and fragile of the French fabrics have added to them the strength of the English. Any.American importer will, I am sure, testify to these facts. WHAT AMERICAN EXHIBITOrtS CAN DO. Germ;any, Italy, and Austria are already in the field with active commissions atb work, and even China and Japan have their representatives, who give the'assurance that all will be done on the part of their respective nations to merit attention. Now the question conies home to every American, what are we doing in this matter? Unfortunately, we can do but very little. No acceptance even of the space offered can be valid till agreed to by Congress. As matters now stand, through the energy of M5r. Bigelow, our minister, and Mr. Beckwith, the commissioner appointed by the State Department, everything is in a state of forward preparation, simply needing. the proper authority from Congress to be made perfect; these gentlemen feeling confident of the result, and looking forward to the immense benefits which may be derived by our country from this Exposition, have guaranteed that the space allotted to the United States shall be filled. It must be remembered that this Exposition differs friom all others in the fact that it is conducted by the representatives specially of the different national governments, the United States being alone recognized, and no attention will be paid, officially, to State representatives. This is no more than could be expected, when we remember the bickerings and trouble connected with former exhibitions. The commissioner in Paris has prepared with great care the plans for the occupation of the space assigned to the United States, and it now depends upon you at home to see that it is properly filled, and not made an advertising medium for paltry nick-nacks and nostrums, as is too often the case in our fairs in New York and other cities. Let every evidence of American industry be sought out from all parts of the country. We shall h:ave no local jealousies; the industry of the United States is to be shown, and we hae'havethe material with which to astonish the world. We can prove that, notwithstanding the war which has devastated our land and homes, we can yet show evidences of progress which will surprise ourselves. The first thing to be done is for Congress to vote the acceptance of the space offered to our country, and next to vote a sum lsufficient to pay all expenses of transit fioom New York to the exhibition, and for a proper arrangement after they arrive. In my judgment nine-tenths of all the articles shipped will be sold before the exhibition closes, and therefore the expenses to the governiment could end there. Of the propriety of this expense being assumed by the government, I can see no question. Every article forwarded will be decided upon by an appropriate committee appointed by government, whose special duty it will be to see that all classes and departments are represented in their bearing upon the grand national result. This is the plan adopted by other nations, and it admits of a unity of design and perfectness of result which can be ai rived at in no other way. PLtACt'CAL RESULTS. As to the ultimiate return to ourselves of all sums so invested, there cannot be a question. The comparatively small representation on the part of the United States in former exhibitions brought back returns a hundred-fold, and I doubt not that the amount received on the single item of " sewing machines" would lhave paid the expenses incurred on all articles exhibited by the United States heretofore. But the practical result to be gained by us, as a nation, is two-fold. Let the world see that we can be independent of all other nations; that in wine, silk, laces, linen goods, machinery, and other articles of industry, we can compete favorably, and this will prove our strength in peace as effectively as in war. Much will depend upon the class of men selected to decide upon the distribution of the articles in the space designated. They should be firee from bias of any kind, and each committee practically acquainte6d with the subject placed in their hands. With the arrangements properly carried out in the United States, and the immediate action of Congress, no American who visits the grand exposition but will have reason to feel proud of his country as there represented. VISITORS. To those acquainted with the Chamlp de Mars, it many be stated that its capacity will admuit of the entire army of France, say six hundred thousand men, being placed within its borders. A company has been formed for the purpose of securing all the apartments in Paris, and then fix a price which, at the time of the Exposition, will admit of a handsome profit. It would be a profitable speculation for the various lines of steamers to make arrangements for return tickets at half price, as all in-ducem3llnt for those of limited mleans to take this opportunity to visit Europe. UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION AT PARIS. 57 MfIr. Bigelow to MAr. Seward. No. 204.] LEGATION OF THE UNITED STATES, Paris, November 24, 1865. SIR: I have the honor to transmit herewith the communications which I have received from Mr. Beckwith, provisional commissioner of the United States for the French exhibition of 1867. The first presents an estimate of the probable expenses for which Congress, if inclined to encourage a national participation in this exhibition, should provide. These expenses Mr. Beckwitlh divides into three classes, in items: 1st. Freight of articles to and from Europe. 2d. Inland transport in France; and 3d. Fixtures within the palace. The two first items, depending upon the degree of encouragement given to exhibitions by Congress, can be better estimated at Washington than here. The cost of fixtures, installation, &c., Mir. Beckwith estimates at about $48,000. The amount of space allowed for the Exposition will be found greatly reduced by the deduction of the room required for the circulation of the public. Instead of having 2,788 square metres net, it appears that for purposes of exposition the area will not exceed 930 square metres; or say, in round numnbers, 10,000 square feet. In view of this reduction of space, Mir. ipeckwith suggests some considerations in favor of an exterior construction for the use of a certain class of exhibitors, to which I invite your attention. Including such a oonstruction, iMr. Beckwithl estimates the maximum expense, for which Congress should provide, at $300,000, and without such a. structure, the maximum at $200,000. I think the event will justify his calculations. The second communication, dated November 23, presents some considerations in favor of a liberal provision by Congress for this exposition, which derive value from the large experience and acknowledged good sense of their author. They may help others who have less time to reflect upon the subject to satisfactory conclusions. I am, sir, with great respect, your very obedient servant, JOHN BIGELOW. Hon. WVILLIAM H. SEWARD, Secretary of State, -c., 6rc., 4c. PARIS, Novernber 22, 1865. DEAR SIR: It was my intention to complete by this mail my transmissions to Mr. Derby, by sending the plans and drawings I am preparing for him. But they are still in the hands of the architect. They will, however, be soon completed, and Mr. Derby will receive them before he is ready to act on them. He cannot make allotments of ground to exhibitors without them, nor with them, until he receives the decisions and instructions of the government. All other documents and information which Mr. Derby and the committee, which I suppose will aid him, will want at this stage have gone forward. It is desirable that the government should have an exact notice of the extent of the ground to be occupied, in order to form a'n estimate of the cost. It has been found by experience that two-thirds of the ground enclosed int the buildiag is required for circulation. The section reserved for the United States comprises an area of. -- 2, 78 square metres. Tw.o-ttairds. -------—. —-—. —-------—.. —----...1, 858 Of this area, the plan of the government takes for pumblic avenues... 1, 143 1, 143 1,645 715 This leaves to be deducted for interior circulationl.-... 715 5~o UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION AT PARIS. Cousequently 930 square mnetres remain to be covered with products. This shows the ground to be covered, but not the space to be occupied. That depends upon the nature of the products; most of them which fall into groups 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, will occupy much more vertical space than horizontal, while the products of groups 7 and 8 will require as much horizontal as vertical space on the average. Groups 8, 9,:10 will be in the park. As regards the relation of the ground appropriated to the respective groups, and the relation of the.groups to the products of the United States, we have more room relatively for groups I and 5 than for 6 and 7. The United States are comparatively feeble in products of the first five groups, and stronT in the products of the 6th and 7th. Of the 9(30 metres to be covered, 407 belong to the two groups 6 and 7, but this is not enough. Machinery, tools, agricultural implements, &c., require a great deal of groundroom, and we shall need more if we need any. But the form of the building does not admit of giving us a larger proportion in this departuilent, and as the distribution to countries are already made, we cannot have more ground in the building. I hope this want may be supplied by giving us mlore room in the park. I have discussed this subject with the imperial conmmuission, but have arrived at no definitive conclusion, partly (I think) because I cannot engage positively to occupy the ground if conceded; partly because of the aversion to a change of plan; and partly because in point of fact the imperial commission itself has not fully matured its own plans in regard to the park. It is offering to the nations what ground- they want in the park, if they will occupy it In conformity wMith the programme, and at the same time is inviting from the respective foreign commissions expressions as to the ground they really desire and how they propose to occupy it. This will result, perhaps, in some modifications and improvements of the original plan. The Belgian government, indeed, has obtained a concession of ground and presented a plan of a building (which has been accepted,) which it proposes to erect at its own cost, for the exhibition of products for which there is not room enough in the palace., If, therefore, the colmmittee in New York is of the opinion that more room is requisite for Class 7, I do not doubt but it can be supplied in the park. And I have asked for estimates of the cost of a certain class of buildings with glass roofs and iron supports suitable for the occasion, which I intend to send forward to be used in case of need. The government of the United States may not think it worth their while to undertake an exhibition of the products of the country, if it must, after all, for want of room, be defective in some important department, and therefore not representative of the country in variety and quantity, nor national in its proportions, which has been the result with all similar private enterprises. Nor would Congress be satisfied with an exhibition defective in the department wherein we are really strongest because of the additional expense involved. The principal items of expense of the exhibition will be for freight to and from Europe, inland transportation in France, and fixtures within the palace. The cost of freight and inland transport will depend on the quantity of products sent, and the quantity will be limited only by the appropriations to defray expenses, or by the capacity of the ground to receive them. These two items can therefore be estimated at Washington better than anywhere else. The cost of the third item can be better estimated here. Nearly all the products in groups 1 to 5 will be exhibited in (vetrines) show-cases of respectable workmanship and fitted with glass. Products of the industrial arts show better in this manner. Glass gives a brilliancy to the contents of the cases, like setting to crystals. This is so well known to producers that no one is willing to dispense with it in presence of numberless competitors who are thus provided, and the provision, in fact, is universal. I have studied this item of cost by the aid of the accounts of similar work at the last exhibition in London and the previous one in Paris, and my opinion is that the cost of "installations" required on the ground already appropriated to us will be about $48,000, and aunything done in the pdrk will be additional to that. I think the exhibition, as now projected, will cost our government from $200,000 to $300,000. I do not think it will fall below $200,000 nor exceed $300,000, including the proposed additions in the park. This opinion rests on the assunmption that the government will take up the work in the ports of embarkation in the irnited States and lay it down on its retilli to those ports and defray the expense. Very truly yours, N. M. BECKWIT.I. J. BIGELOW, q., c., c., &c. [Enclos, ure to despatch 204. ] PARIS, November 23, 1865. D)EAkR SIR: In proposingithe exhibition of 1867, the French government represented its chief object to be a collection of the useful products of all countries for the purposes of comparison and the study of the methods and processes connected with the production and fabrication of the objects collected, and that this end would be attained in proportion to the variety UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION AT PARIS.,) 9 and universality of the collection. National exhibitions thrown together by the spontaneous action of producers never have the character of universality desired. Producers who are most active, or who act most in the spirit of sparing no expense in advertisements to increase sales and profits, come forward, while many whose products are equally desirable, and perhaps more instructive, have no occasion or no disposition to make use of the method, and they do not appear. Such collections are defective, and to that extent failures. The course adopted by the French government on this occasion differs from that of preceding attempts, and is expected to have better results. Invitations to co-operate are limited to governments, and the respective governments are solicited to undertake the work for their respective countries, giving to their exhibitions th6 arrangement provided in the general programme, which will bring them all in harmony with each other. Governments thus co-operating, it may be usually expected, will adopt each for itself the local measures necessary to prevent a partial exhibition and to secure a collection more universal and fairly representative of the country in every department of national and industrial products. In this connexion you will appreciate the importance which attaches to the distribution of the ground to exhibitors, because that comprises the formation of the exhibition and determines its character. I consider it superfluous to develop and discuss the direct advantages of international exhibitions in general, or of this one in particular, to the United States. They present themselves to intelligent minds, and, fortunately, we have no others to present them to. Those who are.familiar with the industrial products of England (and who are not?) are aware that their prominent qualities are strength, solidity, and utility; that those of France have always been remarkable for beauty and taste. They cannot have failed to observe, also, since the epoch of international exhibitions, the rapid improvement of English products in graceful forms, beautiful combinations of colors, finer designs, and superior taste, while those of France rise equally in the important elements of strength, durability, and fitness. Similar observations apply in an eminent degree to Belgium, who learns and combines fi;om both; and the same may be said in some degree of other surrounding nations. Nor is this surprising. Inventions, combinations, discoveries, improved methods and processes, spring to light simultaneously in many fertile minds, and in many localities of all countries, but the knowledge is slow in spreading itself into general use. Its diffusion is quickened by international gatherings and exhibitions. But on this occasion there are indirect considerations which invite us with unusual urgence to co-operation. No one is more sensible than yourself of the deficiency of exact information in Europe in regard to America previous to the reliellion, in a political, literary, and moral sense, in a physical, geographical, statistical, financial, industrial, scientific, and productive sense, and in every sense. It was obvious at every step, everywhere, and among all classes, and it suggested an incredible indifference unaccounfable to those not acquainted with the causes of such deficiency. The events of the last four years have made the United States more known than all the events of their previous history. Their magnitude, their resources, and their strength are now acknowledged. The strong impression produced is pleasing or unpleasing, according to the sympathies or aversion of classes and interests, but none deny the presence of a great power, and its advent is acceptable and hopeful to the masses of the numerous peoples. Emigration of the productive and industrial classes from Europe to America is an acknowl — edged source of prosperity, and has long received the encouragement of the government. An exhibition of the products of America in the centre of Europe, well selected, and com — plete enough to be national, showing the mineral and agricultural resources, the state of manufactures, the varieties and quantity of machinery, and the condition of the industrial arts in general, would, in my judgment, produce an impression of surprise analogous to that produced by the disclosures of the war. The strongest impression would naturally fall on the mind of the most intelligent portion of the productive classes, who are most appreciative in this sense, and have the best means of being informed. This is the class of skilled labor and of practical knowledge whose emigration is highly desirable, but who are slowest to risk the. change. They would see and judge for themselves of materials and resources and products;. of the existing conditions and opportunities open to them to better their condition in life. Financial organizations under the patronage of the French government (a plan of which I have sent Mr. Derby) are now forming to aid the class of operatives in question to assemble from all parts of Europe to be present at the exhibition and to remain and study it. The concourse will be large, and they are the practical students of exhibitions. We can participate in the benefits resulting from this, and I do not think it chinmerical to suggest that an American exhibition, well selected and really national, viewed merely in its economical aspgct, is desirable, and would return to the treasury, by increased iminigration and augmented revenues, more than its cost, however liberal the provision of Congress. The United States are the only nation of importance which has yet to express itself defin itively on the subject, and a lively interest attends the action of Congress, not only on account of its bearing on the exhibition, but as an expression of its appreciation of the object and enlightened spirit of the undertaking'. Very truly yours, N. MI. BECKYWITH. J. BIGEsLOW, Esq., &'C., Sc., &c. Paris. ~60 TTUNIVERSAL EXPOSITION AT PARIS. 3Mr. Derby to Mr. Seward. UNITED STATES DESPATCH AGENCY, 1Spruce street, Tribune Buildings, ~New? York, December 14, 1865. Sin: I have the honor to enclose for your' perusal letters Nos. 21 antd 22 firom Commissioner Beckwith, (copies,) relative to the French Exposition of 1867; also letter No. 2 from Professor Joy, of Columbia College. These letters, I think, will be useful if presefited in a: circullar form for gent1,ral distribution,among the parties most interested. I have received firom Commissioner Beckwith the plans in detail for the United Srtates department of the French Universal Exposition of 1867. They are very elaborate, but very clear. All that is necessary for this agency to make the fact delegated to it a complete success is the necessary action of Congress, without which all our efforts are as naught.'Your obedient servant, J. C. DERBY, AJgelnt, 4-c. lI on. VWILLIAM 1H. SEXWA iD. lMr. Bcclvithi to Air. Derby. NoO. 21.] PARIS, lNovenmber 27, 1865. DEAI. SIR: I beg to hand you with this a numnber of drawings, six in all, numbehed 1 to 6; they develop plans of that section of the exhibition palace appropriated to the United States, and are accompanied by detailed explanations of each drawing, which docuunent is numbered 77. Explanations of this kind seldom appear as clear to the reader as to the writer; many details which are present inhis mind, and fill up the outlines, are omitted in the description fiom a teeling that they will suggest themselves, and that a record of them is superfluous, maid vwould only make the description tedious and obscure, rather than clear. But the plans and explanations will, I hope, be found sufficient to enable you to make the distribution of groups and classes, and the allotments of place to exhibitors with facility, and free fiom error. At all events, if you find my details defective, I mnust refer you to the French plan, No. 1, which I send you; it is all I have had to work from, and I hope you may find the study of it more interestin(r than I do. The plans herewith relate only to the palace; nothinng is said of the park, nor of the three groups. (8, 9, 10,) and twenty-two classes which belong to the park. I shall return to this.subject as soon a, the imperial commission Imakes up its mind on it, and decides on the distribution and manner of occupying it. No definite apportionments of ground in the park to nationalities has yet been made. All are told they can have what they want, but I imagine there is some difference of opinion as to the manner of occupying the grounds. The imperial commission is, therefore, inviting from the foreign commissions suggestions as to how much ground they want, and how they wish to employ it. Doubtless in a few days the plan will be settled, and the appropriations made, to be occupied in conformity with the ground-plan which will be promulgated. I think you will find we have less'room in group 6 in the palace than we require. My impression is, we ought to occupy twice as much room as we have in that department. The IUnited States are not so strong in products of the other groups as in those of the sixth, and they are of a kind that require room. But the plan of the building does not admit of giving us a larger portion of room in that group; it is the same as falls to other nations; but the products of other nations do not demand so much room in that department. I have, therefore, proposed, in writing to Washington, if it should be the opinion of your committee also, to supplement the ground of the group 6 in the park, provided the imperial commission will consent to the requisite modification; and my present impression is, they will,do so, though they have not yet given me a definite answer. You had better, therefore, as soon as you are ready to do so, express your opinion to the government on this subject, and inform me also of your views. I shall not wait, however, for the advice, but secure the ground conditionally if I can, but I wish to hear from you as soon as possible in regard to it. If we occupy a space in the park with objects of group 6, it will necessitate the construction of a building suitable to the purpose at our expense; but I think we shall not hesitate about that if we want it, nor do I imagine Congress will hesitate. The government of the United States will not be satisfied to undertake an exhibition of the produce of the country on a diminutive scale, nor permit it to fall short and be deficient for UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION AT PARIS. 61 want of room, nor on account of the additional expense this may involve. Belgium is in a similar situation, and has resolved to supply the room she needs by building on the park, which, I have no doubt, will be permitted; but if we find we can do without it I shall be glad of it. This proposal does not affect the arrangements to be made for groups 8, 9, 10, which belong to the park, the provisions and allotments for which are now delayed by the imperial commission. Your obedient servant, J. C. DERBY, Esq, Agent, New York. N. M. BECKWITH, U. S. Comm'r. uMrt. Beckwrith to i3br. Derby. No. 22.] PARnIS, November 29, 1865. DEAR Sin: I am fsavored with yours of the 13th instant, which reached me last evening, and I take down note of your observation. You will by this time have acquired a good idea of the work to be done, and papers I send you by this mail will complete your impression of the best way of doing it. It is necessary to appreciate the differencebetween an irregular and defective exhibition, which characterizes itself by spontaneous movements without concert of producers, and an exhibitionfornmed by the state, which should be well selected, classified and complete in all its parts. You desire to know how long it will be safe to continue to receive applications, and thedate of the latest mail which will reach here in time. It would be easy to reply to those inquiries if we could be governed solely by the demnands of the imperial programme for January; but this is impossible. We must be governed by the requirements of the programme, taking the risk of failure; there is no other way. The, first thing you have now to do is to sketch your plans of the ground for groups 2 and 5, (see my explanation of plan 3.) The second is to decide the space you will give (or thereabouts) to each class of objects in the respective group, and mark out the space in conformity; and the third is to select from your applications the mostrepresentative and suitable pro ducts, and form and file the groups and classes laid out in your plan. When thisiss completed your exhibition will be formed. This work requires knowledge of products, judgment, and care; it cannot be hastily done and well done, but it can doubtless be accomplished, and your plans drawn and catalogues made while Congress is deliberating. There will then remain but little to do after the decision of Congress but to announce to applicants the result of their applications. This announcement will constitute the definitive allotments of ground to exhibitors. It forms the contract between the exhibitors and the government, and between the government and the imperial commission, and cannot be made, of course, till authorized by the government; neither can you side with the applicants, nor side with imperial commission. You will doubtless have the work so far advanced, in the form indicated, by the time you receive the orders of the government, that you can close up the part necessary to the report of January 31, in very brief time. This is all you can do in advance, and you must be governed by the movements of Congress up to that period; you cannot be governed by the requirements of the imperial programme. If we keep up with the action of Congress, (which we must do,) and still the business from the delay of Congress falls behind and finally fails, we shall have done all we can do. As you will see the movements of Congress you can shape your own by them; but should Congress decide sooner than I anticipate, you must still take time to do the work in a proper manner. We were not authorized to begin sooner, and it would be a mistake to close the work prematurely, half done or badly done. It is easier to find a reasonable and acceptable excuse for taking the time absolutely necessary than to. apologize for imperfect and bad work when it appears. As soon as it is decided that Congress will pay the expenses you will have applications enough, which will enable you to fill up the groups and classes, and form the exhibition in a more complete manner than you could otherwise obtain. But the work of filling up the groups and classes will doubtless involve some negotiations with exhibitors, and will inevitably require time, and the work should not be slighted; the despatch will depend on the skill and competency of your assistants. But I have no doubt of your being able to keep up with Congress, and you can judge better than I can when and what notice, or if any notice, to close the acceptance of applications, is necessary. If anything occurs to make it necessary to be more positive in regard to dates, I will of course advise you. All I can now say is, you have the programme and knowledge of the situation, and have only to use the greatest despatch compatible with the circumstances and with the work which must be done. I have no doubt from what I have since heard of Mr. Carns, he is qualified for the work I suggested, and will be very useful to you. You cannot get on without a competent man in that department, and if he is competent I may want him here. If Congress does not refilse to undertake the work, it will not refuse to pay the cost of it; if it does refuse, there is an end 62 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION AT PARIS. of it. No provision is made for the reception of the produce of any foreign country not presented by the government of the country, nor is it likely, under the circumstances, that producers would be willing to appear in any other way even if it were practicable, which it is not. Your obedient servant, N. AM. BECKWITH, United States Commissioner. J. C. DERBY, Esq., Ag.ent, a'ew York Professor Joy to Nfr. Derby. COLUMBIA COLLEGE, New York, December 6, 1865. DEAR Sin: In my letter of the 4th instant I spoke of the importance of the appointment by government of a scientific commission to report upon the Exposition of 1867, and I have since observed that Mr. Beckwith makes the same suggestion in his communication of April 3, 1S65. I am glad, therefore, that the idea is likely to take root and come to proper development. " The appointment of professional and scientific persons to study and aid in the preparation of a suitable report of the exhibition, to be subsequently published,"'' ought to be made as soon as Congress can act upon the matter. The scientific committee will need much time for the consultation of the reports of previous exhibitions. They will desire to carry on extensive private correspondence, first, in this country, for the purpose of obtaining the most recent information upon matters relating to the numerous subjects likely to be presented to them for study; second, with foreign scientific and practical men in order to learn the best sources of information. Without great previous study no person could prepare a clear and luminous report of any portion of the expo sition which would be of practical value. A report must not be a catalogue, it must sketch in a few words the history of the department under consideration, state its growth, point out its success, and give statistics and results in a way to enable any one, after reading the book, to invest money in new enterprises without the loss attendant upon a long series of experiments. These reports, in able hands, would become text-books for all branches of industry, and would tend to develop our resources as much as any papers Congress has as yet published. All parts of the country are equally interested in the publication and extensive circulation of such documents, and the wider this kind of knowledge is disseminated, the better for the country. Let there be ten members of the scientific committee, corresponding to the ten groups of the Exposition, with power to appoint assistants where the amount of material is too great to be fully studied by one mind, viz: Committees on1. Works of art. 2. Materials and their applications in the liberal arts. 3. Furniture and other objects used in dwellings. 4. Garments, tissues for clothing, and other articles of wearing apparel. 5. Products, wrought or unwrought, of extractive industries. 6. Instruments and processes of common arts. 7. Food, fresh and preserved, in various stages of preparation. 8. Animals and specimens of agricultural establishments. 9. Live products and specimens of horticultural establishments. 10. Objects exhibited with a special view to the amelioration of the meoal and physical condition of the population. It is obvious that ten men could not do justice to all these subjects, but it would probably be better to refer the matter to that number of persons to collate and prepare for publication the reports of the assistants they may select, the number and compensation of such assistants to be fixed by the commissioner. By the early appointment of this committee of ten the commissioner would have the advice and assistance of the ablest men in the country. He would be their presiding officer, if the committee were to be called together, and would have the right to call upon them for services at any time. I would suggest that the committee receive no compensation for their services further than a reimbursement of expenses actually incurred. For the purpose of control, let there be an amount fixed, beyond which expenses will not be paid. The committee, not being business men, could not take charge of the collection and shipment of goods, but they could greatly assist the agents of each State in bringing out the most characteristic and representative articles. The literary work of the commission could be divided among them, and thus matters would be greatly facilitated. The members of the commission ought to be familiar.with at least the French language. A knowledge of German would greatly aid in the preparation of a report, as the arts and mlan UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION AT PARIS. 63 ufiactures of Germany as represented in the Exposition will, no doubt, equal in importance those of any other country. Immediately after Congress shall have made the necessary appropriations, the appointment of the scientific committee ought to be made by the Secretary of State, and the committee be accredited to.the imperial commission in Paris, as the official scientific representatives of the government to the Exposition. This committee would in no way interfere with the commissioners appointed by the various State executives, as their duties are of a different character. I would confide to the committee a mission of a somewhat private character, viz: the duty of disseminating knowledge of our country for the purpose of encouraging emigration. They could accomplish an important work by making known the extent of unappropriated lands in this country, by editing short statements to be published in French, on sheets, and placed conveniently for every one to take a copy, and by writing articles for the newspapers. The magnitude of the work expands before me as one idea follows another, but I believe I have hit upon the principal points, and I shall be gratified if the views here expressed meet with'your approbation. Very truly yours, CHARLES A. JO-Y. Mr. J. C. DERBY.