ELIZABLIEH F
ELIZABETH FRY.








LIFE
OF
ELIZABETET FRX
COMPILED FROM HER JOURNAL.
AS EDITED BY HER DAUGHTERS,
AND FROM VARIOUS OTHER SOURCES.
BY
SUSAN NA COR DER.
PHILADELPHIA:
HENRY LONGSTRETI, 347 MARKET STREET.
18 5 5.




Printed by T KX & P. G Collins.




THE "Memoir of Elizabeth Fry," in two Volumes, edited by
her daughters, has been extensively circulated in this and other
lands; and rarely has any religious biography been perused with
so general and so deep an interest. More brief notices of her life
have also emanated from other pens: and it might seem superfluous again to depict her character, or to rehearse the circumstances
which marked those arduous labours, in the service of Him who
"went about doing good," to which, under the constraining influence of his love and power, she devoted every talent committed to
her stewardship.
There are, however, many by whom a memorial of Elizabeth
Fry, more compendious than that which has been published by her
daughters, would, perhaps, be welcomed with pleasure and read
with instruction.  A work which might embrace more exclusively
the records of her own experience, and of her religious and philanthropic engagements, appears, in the estimation of some of her most
intimate friends, to be required, as filling up a chasm still left in
the circle of readers, to whom the voluminous "Memoir " may not
be conveniently accessible.
To venture on such an abridgment has not been contemplated
without a serious conviction of the delicacy and importance of the
task; and had not a special request from her daughters, (the Editors of her life,) in conjunction with other members of her immediate family, encouraged the Compiler of the following pages to
undertake the work, it would not have been attempted.
(v)




VI                      PREFACE.
But various considerations have additionally stimulated the
Compiler to add another to the several sketches of the Life of Elizabeth Fry. A prominent one is suggested by the fact, that her
character and sentiments have been represented by individuals,
widely differing in religious opinion, both from her and from each
other; and they have (in consequence of the varying mental complexion to which habit and circumstances impart a colouring peculiar to each) given, to their picture of Elizabeth Fry, a tinge which
has prevented her from appearing, as she was, consistent in her
language, her conduct, and demeanour, with the principles which,
from conviction, she was early led to adopt, and to which, through
life, she steadfastly adhered. This, it must be confessed, is calculated to induce the impression that, in Elizabeth Fry's life, there
was evinced a compromise of principle; and it proves that whilst
her ardent admirers exhibit a dazzling portrait of her piety, her
loveliness, and her philanthropy, they fail, in degree at least, to
depict her in the light of truth-in her meek and lowly garb of
deep humility, treading with watchful circumspection and fear, the
cross-bearing path of the blessed Redeemer.
Drawn bv the attractions of heavenly love, her steps were directed into a course untried and new; and the service that was
designed for her became gradually manifest, as she followed, in
simple faith, the guiding light of the Holy Spirit: and whether it
led her into the presence of monarchs, into association with princes,
or into the company of the wise and learned,-whether she was
brought into communion with fellow-disciples who, whatever might
be the form of their Christian profession, were pursuing with her
the same heaven-ward track, or surrounded by the votaries of a
thoughtless world incapable of responding to the deep sympathies
of her spirit, iln all situations, and under every circumstance, she
was enabled to maintain, with holy consistency, the dignified character of her high vocation, as a minister of Christ in the Society of
Friends; adorning the doctrine of God her Saviour; being an




PREFACE.                          VII
example to the believers in faith, in patience, in meekness, and
charity; raising in the hearts of thousands, among the varied classes of the people, a reverent acknowledgment of that divine influence, which constrained her to gather immortal spirits to the Fountain of life and peace. Yet how few, among the many who have
extolled her deeds of mercy and love, were prepared to penetrate
the veil that concealed, from the gaze of the world, the working of
that heavenly power, through which alone she became instrumental
in directing a resistless moral force against the dominion of sin
and misery, which strengthened her spirit for the arduous combat,
and armed her with those weapons that are " mighty through God,
to the pulling down of," the " strong holds " in which Satan retains
his government in the souls of the children of men.
To trace the operation of this invisible power-the mainspring
of the wonderful machinery that became so effective in the counteraction of evil-will, to the spiritually-minded Christian, be the
most instructive, and possibly the most interesting object that can
result from a perusal of this Volume. For to the soul that is anxiously seeking deliverance from the corruptions inherent in our nature, as the frail children of Adam's fallen race, there is no feature
of mental delineation more encouraging than that which is presented by a co-operation with "the grace of God which brings
salvation." Through the regenerating and sanctifying influence of
this grace, in the heart of Elizabeth Fry, the prophetic vision was
in no small measure realised-that "instead of the thorn shall
come up the fir-tree, and instead of the briar the myrtle-tree;"
causing "the wilderness" of the human spirit to "become like
Eden," and its "' desert like the garden of the Lord; joy and gladness" to " be found therein, thanksgiving, and the voice of melody."
May the example, which this Volume exhibits, of constant and
rigorous self-examination, of fervent love to God, and devotedness
to promote the establishment of His kingdom  of righteousness
and peace, animate survivors to a like earnest endeavour to attain




VIII                      PREFACE.
purity of heart, and to a diligent occupation with the talents bestowed on them: that so, when "their Lord cometh, and reckoneth with them," they may receive the sentence of" Well-done."
A serious responsibility rests on every individual member of the
Church of God, by whatever name outwardly distinguished; for,
to each has been given the one, the two, or the five talents; by the
faithful dedication of which, according to the direction of the Holy
Spirit, they may be instrumental in accelerating the advent of that
most glorious era, when "the kingdoms of this world" shall "c become the kingdoms of our Lord, and of his Christ, and He shall
reign for ever and ever."




CHAPTER I.
PAGe
1780-1798. Birth-Parentage-Her Mother, her character-Memoranda by her-Removal to Earlham-Death of her MotherRecollections by Elizabeth Fry, of her own early life-Sketch
of female society-Circumstances of Elizabeth Gurney and her
sisters-Her character and habits-Natural qualities as a young
person-Absence of religious knowledge-Established principles
requisite to happiness-William Savery comes to Norwich on a
religious visit-Effects of William Savery's preaching-Description by himself-Account by one of her sisters-Her own journal 15-36
CHAPTER II.
1798-1800. Visit to London, gaiety there-Return to EarlhamBecomes a decidedly religious character-Letter from William
Savery-Gradual development of opinion-Journey into Wales
and the South of England-Intercourse with Friends-Colebrook
Dale-Increasing tendency to Quakerism-Return to EarlhamAttention to the Poor-Journey to the North of EnglandBecomes a decided Friend-Proposals of Marriage from Joseph
Fry-Letters........                                     37-95
(ix)




X                         CONTENTS.
CHAPTER III.
PAGE
1800-1809. Marriage —First visit to Plashet-Settlement in London-Letter to a Friend-Yearly Meeting-Birth of eldest child,
1801-Journey into the North of England-Second daughter,
born 1803-Birth of eldest son, 1804; illness and journey to
Bath-Her second son, born 1806-Death of her mother-in-law
— Birth of her fifth child, 1808-Letter to John Gurney and his
wife-Death of the latter-Death of her father-in-law.. 96-140
CHAPTER IV.
1809-1813. Removal to Plashet, enjoyment of the country-Birth
of her sixth child, 1809-Summons into Norfolk-Death of her
father-Extract from the journal of Rachel Gurney-Commencement of her public ministry-Funeral of her cousin Anna Reynolds-Letter to a distant friend-Visit to Earlham-Journey
into Gloucestershire-Birth of her seventh child, 1811-Acknowledged as a minister by Friends-Attention to the Poor, School,
&c.-Norwich Bible Society-Death of a little niece-Journey
with Henry Hull and her sister, Priscilla Gurney-Visit to the
Meetings of Friends in Norfolk-Extract from a letter to her
cousin, J. G. Bevan —Letter to Edward Edwards-Death of a
domestic servant-Death of Eliza Shepherd-Birth of her eighth
child, 1812-Letter to her cousin, J. G. Bevan-Removal to
London for the winter —Religious visit to Friends of the London
Quarterly Meeting-For the first time goes to Newgate-State
of that prison.............. 141-200
CHAPTER V.
1813-1818. Letter to Edward Edwards-Summer at PlashetIllness during the spring-Her ninth child born, 1814-Illness
and death of her brother John Gurney-Letter to her family —




CONTENTS.                            xi
PAGE
Death of Joseph Gurney Bevan-Illness of her babe-Journey
into Norfolk-Earlham, party assembled there-Visit to Kingston Monthly Meeting-Death of one of her children-Extracts
from letters-Attends Dorsetshire Quarterly Meeting-Her tenth
child born, 1816-Leaves her four elder children in NorfolkLetters to her daughters-Removal to London for the winterAttends the funeral of her cousin Joseph Gurney, Jun.-Places
her two elder sons at School-Letter to her sister-General state
of Prisons-School in Newgate-Case of Elizabeth FrickerNewgate Association-Description from  Buxton-Sophia  de
C's Journal-Vote of thanks from the City-Letters from
Robert Barclay, &c.-Notice in newspapers-Marriage of her
brother, Joseph John Gurney-Extracts from Letters-Examinations before House of Commons-Capital Punishments-Case
of Skelton-Duke of Gloucester and Lord Sidmouth-Queen
Charlotte's Visit to the Mansion House-Letter to Countess
Harcourt........                                201-279
CHAPTER VI.
1818-1823. Engagements in the Prison-Convict ship-The Maria
Visitors to Newgate-Letter from Lady Mackintosh-Lord Lansdowne's speech-Scotch journey-Letter from the Countess
Harcourt-Takes her sons to School-Illness-Journey in consequence-Letter to prisoners-Letters to her sons and Priscilla
H. Gurney-Affliction in her family-Scripture readings in Newgate-Female convicts in New South Wales-Journey into the
North of England-Letters to her daughter, Walter Venning,
&c.-Foreign Prisons-Death of her sister Priscilla GurneyCapital Punishment-Mackintosh's Motion-Buxton's Speech —
Prison Discipline Meeting-Marriage of a daughter-Visit to
several Meetings-Death of a sister-in-law-Letter to the Princess Royal of Denmark-To J. J. Gurney-Sale of prisoners'
work-Convict ships-Interesting visit to one of them-Letter
from the Duchess of —- -Attends Bristol Quarterly Meeting,
&c.-Reflections..............  280-364




X11                       CONTENTS.
CHAPTER VII.
PaGE
1824-1829. Journey to Worcester-'" British Ladies' Society"Establishment of Manor Hall Asylum and Society of Discipline
at Chelsea-Brighton-District Visiting School there-Books for
Preventive men, near Brighton-Letter from Dr. SteinkopffDagenham-Visit to Brighton-Return to Plashet-Death of her
aunt Gurney-Goes into Norfolk —Letter to her family-Marriage of her eldest son-Autumn at Dagenham-Journey into
Cornwall and Devonshire-Letter from Hannah More-Convict
ships —Visit to Ireland-Illness at Waterford-Return homeIllness and death of Rachel Gurney-Birth of a grandsonJourney into Norfolk and Derbyshire-Marriage of a daughter
-Heavy sorrows-Leaves Plashet —Winter in London-Settlement at Upton Lane..........           365-420
CHAPTER VIII.
1829-1833. Summons to thb death-bed of an aged friend-Of a
youth-Prepares her Text-book-Anecdote-Religious visit to
Norfolk and Suffolk-Meeting of British Society-Visit to Sussex
and Surrey-Death of Robert Barclay-Of a grandson and
nephew-Death of her uncle Joseph Gurney-Goes to his funeral
at Norwich-Kent Quarterly Meeting-Interview with the Duchess of Kent and Princess Victoria-Yearly Meeting-Interview
with Queen Adelaide-Convict ship-Dagenham-Public Meetings-Journey to Isle of Wight, &c.-Events at IlfracombeIHistory of Samuel Marshall-Death-bed of a converted JewCholera-Yearly Meeting-Meeting of British Society-Visit to
Wales and Ireland-Domestic interest-Sojourn in Jersey-Visit
to Guernsey, &c.-Returns home-Illness of one daughterLetter to another. ~......                    421 —458
CHAPTER IX.
1834-1838. Visit to Dorset and Hants-Isle of Wight-Journey
to Scotland-Death of the Duke of Gloucester-Letter-Coast
Guard Libraries-Examination before the Committee of the House




CONTENTS.                          x111
PAGE
of Lords-Journey along the Southern Coast of EnglandCrosses to Jersey and Guernsey-Libraries for Packet Ships at
Falmouth-For Shepherds at Salisbury Plain-Death of a sisterin-law-Religious engagements in Sussex-Visit to DublinUnpleasant Voyage to Guernsey-Illness and death of her sister
Louisa Hoare-Death of King William IV.-Of a sister-in-law
-Departure of her brother J. J. Gurney for America-Visits
Paris-Meeting in Westminster-Journey to Scotland-Religious
Engagements in Surry, Essex, &c.-Renewed Prospects of visiting France................  459-513
CHAPTER X.
1839-1841. Journey on the Continent-Paris-Lyons-NismesAvignon —Toulouse-The Pyrenees-Grenoble-Geneva-Zurich
-Frankfort-Return Home-Goes into Norfolk-Letters to a
religious acquaintance-Audience of the Queen-Meeting in
London-Leaves home for the Continent-Ostend-BrusselsAntwerp-Amsterdam-Zwolle-Minden andPyrmont —lanover
-Berlin-Leipzic-Dusseldorf-Return home-Yearly Meeting
-Establishment of "Nursing Sisters".....  514-567
CHAPTER XI.
1841-1843. Leaves home for the Continent-Rotterdam-The
Hague-Amsterdam-Bremen —Hamburg - Copenhagen - Minden and Pyrmont —Hanover-Berlin-Silesia-Returns homeLynn-Earlham-Winter at home-King of Prussia in EnglandAutumn at Cromer-Fishermen's Reading-Results of Christian
efforts-Returns by West Norfolk to Upton Lane-Death of a
Grand-daughter-Last visit to France-Female Prisons at Clermont, Paris, &c.-Interviews with many interesting personsReturns home-Meeting of " Ladies' British Society".. 568-618




xiv                        CONTENTS.
CHAPTER XI
PAGE
1843-1845. Attends the Quarterly Meeting at Hertford-Illness
-Sandgate-Tonbridge Wells —Winter of great sufferingRemoval to Bath-Returns home-Death of her sister-in-law,
Elizabeth Fry-And of a Grandson-Stay at Walmer-Death of
a Grand-daughter, of her son William, and another Granddaughter-Deep Affliction-Returns from Walmer-Death of a
Niece-Some of her children depart for Madeira-Death of Sir
T. F. Buxton-Visit to Norfolk-Earlham-Northrepps-Runcton
-Yearly Meeting —"Ladies' British Society" Meeting-Marriage
of her youngest Son-Removal to Ramsgate —Visits from successive parties of her family-Sudden increase of illness-Death
-Funeral-Concluding Remarks..                619-667




LIFE OF ELIZABETH FRY.
C apter artv
1780-1798. Birth-Parentage-Her Mother, her character-Memoranda by her-Removal to Earlham-Death of her Mother-Recollections by Elizabeth Fry, of her own early life-Sketch of female
society-Circumstances of Elizabeth Gurney and her sisters —Her
character and habits-Natural qualities as a young person-Absence of religious knowledge-Established principles requisite to
happiness-William Savery comes to Norwich on a religious visitEffects of William Savery's preaching-Description by himself-Account by one of her sisters-Her own journal.
ELIZABETH FRY was born in Norwich on the 21st of the
fifth month, 1780. She was the third daughter of John
Gurney, of Earlham, in the county of Norfolk, and Catherine, daughter of Daniel Bell, a merchant in London; whose
wife Catherine, daughter of David Barclay, was a descendant
of the ancient family of the Barclays of Ury, in Kincardineshire, and grand-daughter of Robert Barclay, the well-known
apologist of the Quakers.
John Gurney, of Earlham, the father of the subject of
this memoir, was born in 1749, and was educated in the principles of the Society of Friends. As he advanced in life,
his pursuits led to intercourse with persons of various denominations; this, with a naturally social disposition, induced
an unusual degree of indiscriminate liberality of sentiment
towards others. Ile was a man of ready talent, of bright,
(15)




16        LIFE OF ELIZABETH FRY.               [1778.
Discerning mind, singularly warm-hearted, and affectionate,
very benevolent, and in manners courteous and popular.
His marriage with Catherine Bell took place in 1775.
They had twelve children —one of them died in infancy.
Catherine Gurney was a person of very superior mind; and
in her latter years, she became a serious Christian, and a
decided Friend. All her children were, by nature, highly
gifted, both with mental and personal endowments.
The usual residence of John and Catherine Gurney was in
Norwich; but the summer months were spent at Bramerton,
a pleasant village about four miles distant from the city.
This was a period when talent was frequently allied to
scepticism, and the highest attainments in human learning
were too often unaccompanied by soundness of religious failh.
MIany persons doubted; even more were indifferent to the
great truths of Christianity; and so general was this state of
things, that individuals of personal piety, who sincerely desired
the prosperity of the kingdom of Christ, too little considered
the opinions entertained by others, and associated freely with
those whose religious belief was essentially at variance with
their own. We cannot doubt that, to a certain extent, this
was the case with John and Catherine Gurney, or that it had
an injurious effect on their family, especially after the decease of their mother; who, in the inscrutable dispensation
of an unerring Providence, was taken from them when her
eldest child was seventeen years of age, her youngest only
an infant.
Great indeed was the loss which they sustained by this
deeply affecting event.  The following extracts from her
memoranda denote the pious care which she had exercised
in the management of her household:" Bramerton, 1788. —In the morning endeavour, at first
waking, to bring the mind into a state of silent waiting and
worship, preparatory to the active employment of the day;
when up, visit the several apartments of the children, and,




1788.]     LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                 17
if leisure permit, before breakfast read the Scriptures, if not,
it should not be afterwards omitted; forget not the kindest
attentions to my dearest companion before parting for the
day. After walking with the little ones, and endeavouring
to enjoy each individually, begin with the necessary instructions for Catherine and Rachel; then attend to the kitchen
and all family regulations, and to the claims of the poor;
again attending the nurseries before dinner; at which time
forget not the excellent custom of grateful, pious acknowledgment for blessings bestowed. The introduction of the
children after this meal, generally affords my dear husband
and myself an opportunity of the united enjoyment of our
domestic comforts. A short afternoon may either be devoted
to the company of my dear husband, or to writing letters,
reading, or instructing the children alternately; particularly
in the knowledge of the Scriptures; and the few remaining
hours of the evening to be devoted to the promotion of my
husband's enjoyment, and, if possible, to blend instruction
and amusement to the elder children, who are our constant
companions till the time of rest. Then, being quiet and uninterrupted with my best friend, be not unmindful of the
religious duties of life; which consideration may, I hope,
lead to that trust in Providence that gives spiritual tranquillity and spiritual support.
Remember, that these desultory remarks are designed,
first, to promote my duty to my Maker-secondly, my duty
towards my husband and children, relations, servants and
poor neighbours."
In the year 1786, John and Catherine Gurney had removed to Earlham Hall, a seat of the Bacon family, about
two miles from Norwich: the three youngest sons were born
after-their settlement there.
The following memoranda were subsequently penned by
Catherine Gurney.
3




18          LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.              [1788.
"IEarlham, 1792.-If, in conversation, we studied rather to
avoid whatever may in its nature be reprehensible, than to
search for approbation or admiration, would not associating
with our friends become more innocent, if not more profitable?
If our piety does not appear adequate to supporting us in the
exigencies of life, and I may add, death; surely our hearts
cannot be sufficiently devoted to it. It may be encouraging
to the poor traveller through life to consider, that as he recedes from vice he approaches towards virtue; and as he
despises the one, he will become enamoured with the other.
Modern authors on religion and morality describe, perhaps
very well, what human nature ought to be, but do they sufficiently point out the means of becoming so? Do they direct
the inquirer to the still small voice within?
Books of controversy on religion are seldom read with
profit, not even those in favour of our own particular
tenets.  The mind stands less in need of conviction than conversion.
As our endeavours in education, as in every other pursuit,
should be regulated by the ultimate design, it would be certainly wise, in those engaged in the important office of instructing youth, to consider what would render the objects
of their care perfect, when men or women, rather than what
will render them pleasing as children. These reflections have
led me to decide upon what I most covet for my daughters,
as the result of our daily pursuits.  As piety is undoubtedly
the shortest and securest way to all moral rectitude, young
women should be virtuous and good, on the broad firm basis
of Christianity; therefore, it is not the opinions of any man
or sect whatever, that are to be inculcated in preference to
those rigid but divine truths contained in the New Testamenit."
The following are this tender mother's advices to her
children on their first going to a place of worship:



1792.]     LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                  19
" Since we know that He, who gave us life, health and
strength of body, has given us an understanding mind, which
will show us what is reasonable and right to do, we ought to
consider, whether it is not right to love and obey that excellent Being, who has certainly placed us here on earth, and
surrounded us with blessings and enjoyments, that we may
become as He would have us: that is, good; and that we
should adore and love Him at all times; but as many things
happen to lead the mind from this adoration and love of God,
which is His due, and our truest enjoyment, it is necessary to
retire with our friends and neighbours from hurry and business, that we may think of Him who delights to bless us, and
will consider us as His children, if we love Him as a heavenly
Father. IDo not, then, my dear child, suffer thy thoughts to
wander, or to dwell upon trifles, when thou art most immediately before Him, whom thou must strive to love, with all
thy heart and soul."
The foregoing remarks of this judicious and pious mother
give a lively impression of the greatness of the bereavement
to this large circle of young persons, thus left destitute of
maternal care.
In some recollections of her early childhood, recorded by
Elizabeth Fry after arriving at mature age, are interesting
allusions to this beloved parent.
"' My mother was most dear to me, and the walks she took
with me in the old-fashioned garden, are as fresh with me, as
if only just passed.
My natural affections were very strong from my early childhood, at times almost overwhelmingly so; such was the love
for my mother, that the thought that she might die and leave
me, used to make me weep after I went to bed, and for the
rest of the family, that notwithstanding my fearful nature, my
childlike wish was, that two large walls might crush us all
together, that we might die at once, and thus avoid the misery




20         LIFE OF ELIZABETH FRY.                [1792.
of each other's death.  I seldom, if I could help it, left my
mother's side; I watched her when asleep in the day with
exquisite anxiety, and used to go gently to her bed-side to
listen, from the awful fear that she did not breathe; in short,
I may truly say, it amounted to deep reverence.
How great is the importance of a wise mother, directing
the tastes of her children in very early life, and judiciously
influencing their affections! I remember with pleasure my
mother's beds for wild flowers, which, with delight, I used, as
a child, to attend to with her; it gave me that pleasure in
observing their beauties and varieties, that though I never
have had time to become a botanist, few can imagine, in
my many journeys, how I have been pleased and refreshed, by
observing and enjoying the wild flowers on my way. Again,
she collected shells, and had a cabinet, and bought one for
Rachel and myself, where we placed our curiosities; and I
may truly say, in the midst even of deep trouble, and often
most weighty engagements of a religious and philanthropic
nature, I have derived advantage, refreshment, and pleasure,
from my taste for these things, making collections of them,
and various natural curiosities, although, as with the flowers,
I have not studied them scientifically.
My mother, as far as she knew, really trained no up in the
fear and love of the Lord; my deep impression is, that she
was a holy, devoted follower of the Lord Jest'; but that
her understanding was not fully enlightened as to the fulness of gospel truth. She taught us as far as she knew, and
I now remember the solemn religious feelings I had, whilst
sitting in silence with her after reading the Scriptures, or a
Psalm before we went to bed. I have no doubt that her
prayers were not in vain in the Lord. She died when I was
twelve years old; the remembrance of her illness and death
is sad, even to the present day."
Elizabeth Fry entered life at a period marked, in the history of Europe, for great and almost sudden changes. The




1792.]    LIF]E OF ELIZABETH FRY.                  21.
French Revolution shook the surrounding nations to their
centre, and deluged with blood the land which its originators
had hoped to render free and happy-a natural consequence
of the awful conflict between bigotry and tyranny on the one
hand, and infidelity and unbridled licentiousness on the other.
The theories, which in France had undermined the principles of religion, and had assigned to mere human reason
the homage due only to the Almighty Creator, had become
imbibed by many in this country, particularly by some who
were conspicuously known as possessing superior natural and
acquired talent. But no circumstance in the aspect of that
remarkable era, was more striking than the impulse given
to the education of females. Both in France and England
a number of highly gifted women became known as authors
of surpassing endowments. Previous to this time the education of girls had been much confined to needle-work and
domestic employments, whilst those in the higher classes of
society were accustomed to the frivolous, but fashionable
amusements of the day-the mental powers of each being
but little developed.
Whilst genius and science shone on some minds with the
calm light of truth, they were too generally reflected in the
glare of a false philosophy, which inculcated a most specious
scepticism, and led to an utter rejection of the divine revelation granted to man through the medium of the Bible.
Norwich had not escaped the contagion. It was noted for
the talent and unbelief of the society of the town and neighbourhood.  The daughters of John Gurney —especially the
three elder ones-were exposed to frequent association with
persons whose influence sapped the foundation of their religious faith. Left to their own resources, unaccustomed,
since the decease of their mother, to the study of the Holy
Scriptures, and with little opportunity of becoming correctly
instructed, they were, for a time, permitted to stumble upon
the dark mountains, seeking rest and finding none. Their
father's occupations, both public and private, and his natu



22         LIFE OF ELIZABETH FRY.    [1792.
rally trustful disposition, prevented his perceiving all the
dangers to which they were subjected. They formed many
acquaintances, and some friendships, with persons greatly
gifted by nature, but fearfully tainted by the prevailing errors
of the day. Great pain and bitter disappointment resulted
from these connections. To the more dissipating gaieties of
the world they were but little exposed —they were, however, accustomed to indulge in many amusements, such as
dancing, singing, &c.-and none of the party appears to
have entered into them with more zest than Elizabeth. But
her pursuit of pleasure was often interrupted by delicate
health. She was liable to severe nervous attacks, which frequently prevented her joining her sisters in their different
occupations. She was, in her youthful days, very attractive: her figure tall, her countenance sweet and pleasing,
and her person and manners dignified and lovely. She was
gentle and quiet in temper, yet evinced a strong will.
In a letter, written before she was three years old, her
mother thus mentions her: —" My dove-like Betsy scarcely
ever offends, and is, in every sense of the word, truly engaging." The indisposition to which she was subject caused her
no small suffering, and produced a great degree of timidity
-a fear of being left in the dark —and a languor, both of
body and mind, that rendered study irksome to her. This
proved a serious disadvantage, her education consequently
being defective and unfinished.  But her mind was quick
and penetrating, and for depth and originality of thought she
was remarkable, even in her early years.  In   rring to
her childhood Eli                s   thoughtthat being
called stupid realy tended to make her so, and discouraged
her efforts to learn.  This was a  natural result.
But whatever might be the effect of this physical hindrance to mental exertion, it was but temporary; her latent
vigour of intellect became powerfully developed.  She
doubtless derived much advantage from the watchful care of
her eldest sister, Catherine Gurney, who early evinced a




1793.]     LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                    23
thoughtful mind, a good understanding, and a thirst for instruction.  She became an excellent person, manifesting,
through life, an advancement in Christian principle; the
blessed results of which shone brightly at its close.
Such were the circumstances, and such the characteristics
of Elizabeth Gurney and her sisters, after the death of their
mother: and years passed on, with few changes, but such as
necessarily came with the lapse of time, and their advance in
age.  But He who had purposes of mercy towards them; in
His own way, was preparing for them emancipation from
their doubts, and light for their darkness.  Wonderful is it
to mark how, by little and little, through various instruments, through mental conflicts, through bitter experiences,
He gradually led them, each one to a knowledge of the truth.
The means by which they first became impressed with some
abiding sense of the inestimable value of divine revelation,
was remarkable. Among their numerous associates, was a
gentleman who now became acquainted with the Earlham
family, of high principle, and cultivated mind.  With him
the sisters formed a strong and lasting friendship.  He addressed himself to their understandings, on the grand doctrines of Christianity; he referred them to the Holy Scriptures; he lent them, and read with them, books of a serious
tendency. He treated religion, as such, with reverence;
and although himself a Roman Catholic, he abstained from
every controversial topic, nor ever used his influence, directly
or indirectly, in favour of the peculiar views of his own
church. There was another individual who proved an important instrument, in leading the sisters to sound views of
Christian truth, though, on their first acquaintance, she was
herself wandering in the wilderness of doubt, if not of error.
This was Marianne Galton, afterwards Schimmelpenninck.*
Being a highly educated person, of great mental power, and
accustomed to exercise her abilities in the use of her reason,
<'Authoress of a Tour to Alet and the Grande Chartreuse, &c., &c.




24         LIFE OF ELIZABETH FRY.              [1793.
and in an honest search after truth; she acquired considerable influence over them. As the light of revelation opened
upon her own understanding, and her heart became influenced by it, they shared in her advance, and profited by
her experience.  There were other persons with whom they
associated, whose influence was desirable, but less powerful,
than that of the two just mentioned.
They appear also to have derived advantage from the religious visits of Friends to Earlham. The family of John
Gurney were in the habit of frequenting no place of worship, but that of Friends.  The attendance of Elizabeth was
frequently prevented by want of health, and it is difficult to
know when the habit of absenting herself might have been
broken through, but for her uncle, Joseph Gurney, who
urged the duty upon her, and encouraged her to make the
attempt.  He had become a decided Friend, and had much
influence with her, both then, and during her future life.
She was ready, indeed, to essay anything, that might tend to
satisfy her conscience, or meet the longings of her heart.
The principles so early inculcated by her venerated mother,
were rooted too deeply to be eradicated, though surrounded
by influences unfriendly to their full unfolding. She commenced, at the age of sixteen, or perhaps earlier, the prattice of recording her feelings and sentiments, by way of
journal.  From some of her first entries, the following selections exhibit a powerful struggle between light and darkness, the cravings of her spirit for something not yet attained, earnest desires after 6" virtue and truth;" strongly
contrasted with the misgivings of a mind beclouded by doubts,
and " stumbling" as on " the dark mountains."
"I am, at present, like a ship put to sea without a pilotI feel my heart and mind so overburdened-I want some
one to lean upon."  "My mind is in so dark a state that I
see everything through a black medium." "I see everythin  darkl_ —I can cIprehend nothing-I doubt ijon
everything."




1793.]     LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                 25
" Without passions of any kind, how different I should be!
I would not give them up, but I should like to have them
under subjection; but it appears to me (as I feel) impossible
to govern them; my mind is not strong enough; as I at times
think they do no hurt to others. But am I sure they will
hurt no one? I believe by not governing myself in little
things, I may by degrees become a despicable character, and
a curse to society; therefore, my doing wrong is of consequence to others, as well as to myself."
In her Seventeenth Year. —" I feel by experience, how
much entering into the world hurts me; worldly company, I
think, materially injures; it excites a false stimulus, such as a
love of pomp, pride, vanity, jealousy, and ambition; it leads
to think about dress, and such trifles, and when out of it,
we fly to navels and scandal, or something of that kind, for
entertainment.  I have lately been given up a good deal to
worldly passions; by what I have felt I can easily imagine
how soon I should be quite led away."
The reader will, doubtless, have already perceived that the
children of John Gurney were allowed to mingle in the
gaieties of life, and that they were not accustomed to observe
that moderation in their costume, which is inculcated by the
society of which they were nominally members. They did
not use the correct grammatical language to which Friends
adhere, and probably they would not, in any part of their
external demeanor, have been recognised as belonging to
this religious community.
Without a sketch of Elizabeth Gurney's life at its earlier
period, marking the great change which, through the operation of divine grace, was wrought in her heart, and which
became so strikingly conspicuous in her renunciation of the
vanities of the world, this volume would be divested of much
of its most interesting and instructive tendency. Further
quotations from her journal, showing the habits of her youth,
will therefore be proceeded with. The first of these indicates
4




26          LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.              [1793.
the injurious influence of association with persons whose
sphere in life is unfriendly to the growth of virtue.
Prince William Frederick, afterwards Duke of Gloucester,
was then with his regiment quartered at Norwich. And
Elizabeth remarks,' I met the Prince-it showed me the
folly of the world. My mind is very flat after this storm of
pleasure."
"I love to feel for the sorrows of others-to pour wine and
oil into the wounds of the afflicted. I love' to look through
nature up to nature's God.' I have no more religion than
that, and in the little I have I am not in the least devotional,
but when I admire the beauties of nature, I cannot hel-p
t1h~ i ~nof  ithe source from whence such beauties flow.  I
ieel it a sup.porp  I believe firmly that all is guidee7for the
best by an invisible power, therefore I do not fear the evils of
life so much.  I love to feel good-I do what I can to be kind
to everybody.  I have many faults which I hope in time to
overcome."
Thus, by contemplating the external creation, she was led
to confide in an Infinite Being, although she had not yet
beheld Him through the medium of divine revelation.
lionday, May 21st.-I am seventeen to-day.  Am I a happier or a better creature than I was this time twelvemonths?
I know I am happier; I think I am better. I hope I shall
be much better this day year than I am now. I hope to be
quite an altered person, to have more knowledge, to have
my mind in greater order; and my heart, too, that wants
to be put in order as much, if not more, than any part of me,
it is in such a fly-away state.
(Written on a brighlt summer's morning.)
Is there not a ray of perfection amidst the sweets of this
morning; I do think there is something perfect from which
all good flows.




1793.]     LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                 27
June 20th.-If I have long to live in this world, may I
bear misfortunes with fortitude; do what I can to alleviate
the sorrows of others, exert what power I have to increase
happiness; try to govern my passions by reason, and adhere
strictly to what I think right.
July 7th. —I have seen several things in myself and others,
I have never before remarked; but I have not tried to improve myself, I have given way to my passions, and let them
have command over me. I have known my faults, and not
corrected them, and now I am determined I will once more
try, with redoubled ardour, to overcome my wicked inclinations; I must not flirt; I must not ever be out of temper
with the children; I must not contradict without a cause; I
must not mump when my sisters are liked and I am not; I
must not allow myself to be angry; I must not exaggerate,
which I am inclined to do. I must not give way to luxury;
I must not be idle in mind; I must try to give way to every
good feeling, and overcome every bad; I will see what I
can do; if I had but perseverance, I could do all that I wish:
I will try.  I have lately been too satirical, so as to hurt
sometimes; remember! it is a fault to hurt others.
8th.-A much better day, though many faults.
10th.-Some poor people were here; I do not think I gave
them what I did, with a good heart.  I am inclined to give
away; but for a week past, owing to not having much money,
I have been mean and extravagant.  Shameful!  Whilst I
live, may I be generous; it is in my nature, and I will not
overcome so good a feeling. I am inclined to be extravagant, and that leads to meanness, for those who will throw
away a good deal are apt to mind giving a little.
llth.-I am in a most idle mind, and inclined to have an
indolent dissipated day; but I will try to overcome it, and
see bow far I can. I amn well; oh, most inestimable of comforts! Happy, happy I, to be so well; how good, how
virtuous ought I to be! May what I have suffered be a
lesson to me, to feel for those who are ill, and alleviate their




28          LIFE  OF ELIZABETH FRY.              [1793.
sorrows as far as lies in my power; let it teach me never to
forget the blessings I enjoy. I ought never to be unhappy; —
look back at this time last year, how ill I was, how miserable;-yet I was supported through it; God will support
through the suffering he inflicts; if I were devotional, I
should fall on my knees and be most grateful for the blesssings I enjoy; a good father, one whom I dearly love, sisters
formed after my own heart, friends whom I admire, and good
health which gives a relish to all. Company to dinner; I
must beware of being a flirt, it is an abominable character;
I hope I shall never be one, and yet I fear I am one now a
little. Be careful not to talk at random.  Beware, and see
how well I can get through this day, without one foolish
action. If I do pass this day without one foolish action, it
is the first I ever passed so. If I pass a day with only a
few foolish actions, I may think it a good one.
25tf.- This book is quite a little friend to my heart; it
is next to communicating my feelings to another person.  I
would not but write in it for something, for it is most comfortable to read it over, and see the different workings of
may heart and soul.
30th. —Pride and vanity are too much the incentives to
most of the actions of men; they produce a love of admiration, and in thinking of the opinions of others, we are too
apt to forget the monitor within.  We should first look to
ourselves, and try to make ourselves virtuous, and then
pleasing. Those who are truly virtuous not only do themselves good, but they add to the good of all.  All have a
portion entrusted to them of the general good, and those who
cherish and preserve it are blessings to society at large; and
those who do not, become a curse.  It is wonderfully ordered,
how in acting for our own good, we promote the good of
others.  My idea of religion is, not for it to unfit us for the
duties of life, like a nun who leaves them for prayer and
thanksgiving; but I think it should stimulate and ca pacitate
us to perform these duties properly. Seeing my father low




1793.]       LIFE OF ELIZ ABETH FRY.                   29
this evening, I have done all I can to make him comfortable,
I feel it one of my first duties; I hope he will always find in
me a most true friend and affectionate daughter.
August 1st.-I have done little to-day, I am so very idle;
instead of improving I fear I go back; my inclinations lead
me to be an idle, flirting, worldly girl. I see what would be
acting right, but I have neither activity nor perseverance in
what I think right. I am like one setting out on a journey;
if I set out on the wrong road, and do not try to recover the
right one before I have gone far, I shall most likely lose my
way for ever, and every step I take, the more difficult shall
I find it to return, therefore the temptation will be greater
to go on, till I get to destruction.  On the contrary, if now,
whilst I am  innocent of any great faults, I turn into the
right path, I shall feel more and more contented every step
I take.  Trifles occupy me far too much, such as dress, &c.,
&c. I find it easier *to acknowledge my vices than my
follies.
6th. —I have a cross to-night. I had very much set my
mind on going to the oratorio, the Prince is to be there, and
by all accounts it will be quite a grand sight, and there will
be the finest music; but if my father does not like me to
go, much as I wish it, I will give it up with pleasure, if
it be in my power, without a murmur. I went to the oratorio, I enjoyed it, but spoke sadly at random; what a
bad habit!
12th. —-I do not know if I shall not soon be rather religious, because I have thought lately, what a support it is
through life; it seems so delightful to depend upon a superior power, for all that is good; it is at least always having
the bosom of a friend open to us, to rest all our cares and
sorrows upon, and what must be our feelings to imagine that
friend perfect, and guiding all and everything, as it should
be guided. I think anybody who had real faith, could never
be unhappy; it appears the only certain sour6e of support
and comfort in this life, and what is best of all, it draws to




30          LIFE OF ELIZABETH FRY.                [1793.
virtue, and if the idea be ever so ill-founded that leads to
that great object, why should we shun it? Religion has
been misused and corrupted: that is no reason why religion
itself is not good.
15th.-For a few days past I have been in a worldly state,
dissipated, a want of thought, idle, relaxed and stupid, all
outside, no inside. I feel I am a contemptible fine lady.
May I be preserved from continuing so, is the ardent prayer
of my good man, but my evil man tells me I shall pray in
vain. I will try. I fear for myself; I feel in the course of
a, little time I shall be all outside flippery, vain, proud, conceited; I could use improper words at myself, but my good
man will not let me. But I am good in something, it is
wicked to despair of myself, it is the way to make me what I
desire not to be: I hope I shall always be virtuous; can I be
really wicked? I may be so, if I do not overcome my first
weak inclinations; I wish I had more solidity and less fluidity
in my disposition.  I feel my own weakness and insufficiency
to bear the evils and rubs of life. I must try by every stimulus in my power, to strengthen myself both bodily and
mentally, it can only be done by activity and perseverance.
19th. —Idle and relaxed in mind, greatly dissipated by
hearing the band, &c. &c.  Music has a great effect on me,
it at times makes me feel almost beside myself.
30th.-i-  Come what, come may, time and the hour run
through the roughest day."  A very sad and trying day.
Tried by being poorly, y others, and by myself; very far
from what I ought to be.
Iepit. gd. —There is much difference between being obstinate and steady; I am obstinate, when I contradict for the
sake of contradiction; I am steady, when I keep to what I
really think right.  I am too apt to contradict, whether I
should or not.  If I am bid to do a thing, my spirit revolts 
if I am asked to do a thing, I am willing.
December.-A thought passed my mind, that if I had some
religion, I should be superior to what I am, it would be a bias




1798.]      LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                  31
to better actions; I think I am, by degrees, losing many excellent qualities. I am more cross, more proud, more vain,
more extravagant. I lay it to my great love of gaiety, and
the world. I feel, I know, I am falling. I do believe if I
had a little true religion, I should have a greater support than
I have now; in virtue my mind wants a stimulus; never, no
never did mind want one more: but I have the greatest fear
of religion, because I never saw a person religious, who was
not enthusiastic.
January, 1798.-I must die! I shall die! wonderful, death
is beyond comprehension.  To leave life, and all its interests,
and be almost forgotten by those we love.  What a comfort
must a real faith in religion be, in the hour of death; to have
~a irm belief of entering into everlasting joy.  I have a notion
of such a thing, but I am sorry to say, I have no real faith in
any sort of religion; it must be a comfort and support in
affliction, and I know enough of life to see how great a stimulus is wanted, to support through the evils that are inflicted,
and to keep in the path of virtue. If religion be a support,
why not get it?
14th.-I think it almost impossible to keep strictly to principle, without religion; I don't feel any real religion; I should
think those feelings impossible to obtain, for even if I thought
all the Bible was true, I do not think I could make myself
feel it: I think I never saw any person, who appeared so totally destitute of it.  I fear I am, by degrees, falling away
from the path of virtue and truth.
18th. —I am a bubble, without reason, without beauty of
mind or person; I am a fool.  I daily fall lower in my own
estimation.  What an infinite advantage it would be to me,
to occupy my time and thoughts well. I am now seventeen,
and if some kind and great circumstance does not happen
to me, I shall have my talents devoured by moth and rust.
They will lose their brightness, lose their virtue, and one
day they will prove a curse instead of a blessing. Dreaded
day!!




32         LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.             [1798.
I must use extreme exertion to act really right, to avoid
idleness and dissipation.
From the foregoing selections, we may perceive how earnest were Elizabeth Gurney's efforts at self-examination and
self-control. The time was now at hand, when her mind was
to be illumined by the beams of the " Sun of righteousness,"
and gradually delivered from the mists of scepticism. The appointed instrument of this blessed change was William Savery,
a minister, well known and much beloved in our religious
community. IIe had come from America to this country on
a visit of gospel love, in the course of which he attended the
usual Meeting at Norwich on first day, the 4th of second
month, 1798. His preaching was very impressive: he was,
through the power of the Holy Spirit, qualified, in no common degree, for the office of an ambassador for Christ, and
many were the seals to his ministry amongst those whom he
was instrumental in attracting to the pathway of life and
peace. In his own published journal is this reference to the
above-mentioned visit to Norwich.
" Norwich, First-day, 4th of the month.-Attended their
Meeting: some not members stepped in, and there were
about two hundred under our name; very few middle-aged
or young persons who had a consistent appearance in their
dress; indeed, I thought it the gayest Meeting of Friends I
ever sat in, and was grieved to see it. I expected to pass
the Meeting in silent suffering, but at length believed it most
for my peace to express a little, and through gracious condescension was favoured to relieve my mind, and many were
tendered. Had a Meeting in the evening, in a large Meeting-house, in another part of the town: there seem to be but
few upright standard-bearers left among the members in this
place, yet they are not entirely removed. Attended the
Public Meeting, and the house, though very large, could
not contain the people by several hundreds, but considering
their crowded situation, many being obliged to stand, they




1798.]     LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  PRY.                  33
soon became settled, and through mercy it proved a remarkably open, satisfactory Meeting, ending in prayer and
praise to the Author of every blessing. The marks of wealth
and grandeur are too obvious in several families of Friends
in this place, which made me sorrowful, yet I saw but little
opening to relieve my mind; several of the younger branches,
though they are enabled through divine grace to see what
the Truth leads to, yet it is uncertain whether, with all the
alluring things of this world around them, they will choose
the simple, safe path of self-denial."*
Elizabeth's sister, Richenda, thus describes this eventful
day:On that day, we, seven sisters, sat as usual in a row, under
the gallery at Meeting; I sat by Betsy.  William Savery
was there-we liked having Yearly Meeting Friends come
to preach; it was a little change.  Betsy was generally
rather restless at Meeting; and on this day, I remember
her very smart boots were a great amusement to me; they
were purple, laced with scarlet.
At last William  Savery began to preach.  His voice and
manner were arresting, and we all liked the sound; her
attention became fixed; at last I saw her begin to weep, and
she became a good deal agitated.  As soon as Meeting was
over, I have a remembrance of her making her way to the
men's side of the Meeting, and having found my father, she
asked him if she might dine with William  Savery at the
Grove,jt to which he soon consented, though rather surprised
by the request; we went home as usual, and, for a wonder,
we wished to go again in the afternoon. I have not the same
clear remembrance of this ileeting; but the next scene that
has fastened itself on my memory, is our return home in the
carriage. Betsy sat in the middle, and astonished us all by
the great feeling she showed.  She wept most of the way
home.  The next morning, William  Savery came to breakW' William Savery's journal, published by Gilpin, 1844, pp. 27-8.
t The residence of her uncle, Joseph Gurney.
5




34         LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.    [1793.
fast, prophesying of the high and important calling she
would be led into.  What she went through in her own
mind, I cannot say, but the results were most powerful, and
most evident.  From that day her love of pleasure and of
the world seemed gone.
How deep the impression, made upon the mind of Elizabeth, her own journal portrays.
Sunday, February 4th, 1798.-This morning I went to
Meeting, though but poorly, because I wished to hear an
American Friend, named William  Savery.  Much passed
there of a very interesting nature.  I have had a faint light
spread over my mind, at least I believe it is something of
that kind, owing to having been much with, and heard much
excellence from, one who appears to me a true Christian.  It
has caused me to feel a little religion.  My imagination has
been worked upon, and I fear all that I felt will go off.  I
fear it now; though at first I was frightened, that a plain
Quaker should have made so deep an impression on me;
but how truly prejudiced in me to think, that because good
came from a Quaker, I should be led away by enthusiasm
and folly. But I hope I am now free from such fears. I wish
the state of enthusiasm I am in may last, for to-day I have felt
that there is a God; I have been devotional, and my mind
has been led away from the follies that it is mostly wrapt up
in.  We had much serious conversation; in short, what he
said and what I felt, was like a refreshing shower falling
upon earth, that had been dried up for ages.  It has not
made me unhappy: I have felt ever since humble.  I have
longed for virtue.  I hope to be truly virtuous; to let
sophistry fly from  my mind; not to be enthusiastic and
foolish; but only to be so far religious as will lead to virtue.
There seems nothing so little understood as religion.
On the 6th she had " a very serious ride" to Norwich, but
meeting with some gay people "brought on vanity," and
she says



1798.]    LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                    35
"I came home as full of the world, as I went to town full
of heaven."
In hearing William  Savery preach, he seemed to me to
overflow with true religion, and to be humble, and yet a man
of great abilities; and having been gay and disbelieving only
a few years ago, makes him better acquainted with the heart
of one in the same situation.  If I were to grow like him, a
preacher, I should be able to preach to the gay and unbelieving better than to any others, for I should feel more
sympathy for them, and know their hearts better.
Sunday, llth.-It is very different to this day week (a day
never to be forgotten whilst memory lasts.) I have been to
Meeting this morning.  To-day I have felt all my old irreligious feelings-my object shall be to search, try to do right,
and if I am mistaken, it is not my fault; but the state I am
now in makes it diffcult to act. What little religion I have
felt has been owing to my giving way quietly and humbly to
my feelings; but the more I reason upon it, the more I get
into a labyrinth of uncertainty, and my mind is so much
inclined to both scepticism and enthusiasm, that if I argue
and doubt, I shall be a total sceptic; if, on the contrary, I
give way to my feelings, and as it were, wait for religion, I
may be led away.  But I hope that will not be the case; at
all events, religion, true and uncorrupted, is of all comforts
the greatest; it is the first stimulus to virtue; it is a support
under every affliction.  I am sure it is better to be so in an
enthusiastic degree, than not to be so at all, for it is a delightful enthusiasm.
15thz. —My mind is in a whirl.  In all probability I shall
go to London. Many, many are the sensations I feel about
it, numbers of things to expect. In the first place, leaving
home, how truly I shall miss my best of friends, and all of
them.  (Meaning particularly her brothers and sisters.) In
the next place, I shall see William Savery most likely, and
all those plain Quakers.  I may be led away, beware! my




36         LIFE  OF ELIZABETH FRY.    [1798.
feelings are far more risen at the thought of seeing him than
all the playhouses and gaieties in the world. One will, I do
not doubt, balance against the other; I must be careful not
to be led away; I must not overdo myself. I dare say it
will not be half so pleasant as the Earlham heartfelt gaieties
in the Prince's time; I must be very careful not to get vain
or silly, for I fear I shall.  Be independent, and do not
follow those I am with, more than I think right. Do not
make dress a study, even in London.  Read in the Bible,
when I can; but if I see William Savery, I shall not, I
doubt, be over fond of gaieties.
16th. —We went to hear the band, which I am sorry for,
as I cannot get courage to tell my father, I wish I had not
gone; I will not go again without his knowing it beforehand.




4ICnpI~r ~ ctonh.
1798-1800.-Visit to London, gaiety there-Return to Earlham —Becomes a decidedly religious character —Letter from William Savery
-Gradual development of opinion-Journey into Wales and the
South of England —Intercourse with Friends-Colebrook DaleIncreasing tendency to Quakerism-Return to Earlham-Attention
to the Poor-Journey to the North of England-Becomes a decided Friend —Proposals of Marriage from Joseph Fry-Letters.
IN this peculiar and awakened state of mind, Elizabeth,
with the consent of John Gurney, visited London, that she
might become acquainted for herself with those amusements
and fascinations which the world offers to its votaries; that
she might have the opportunity of "proving all things,"
and choosing for herself that which appeared to her "to be
good."  Her father took her to London; and there with an
old and faithful attendant, left her for some weeks, under the
protection and kind care of a relation. She was often interested and amused with the objects that were presented to
her notice, but seldom satisfied or approving. The result
was that she returned home entirely decided: a vain world
rejected; her heart set upon heavenly things; and from that
time, most steadily, though gently, did she continue to
advance in the path, in which she believed it to be her duty
to walk. But what a dangerous experiment was this search
after pleasure! How calculated to dissipate every serious
impression, which had been made on the mind of this young
person! She attended the opera and the theatres,-engaged
in the dance and other amusements,-mingled, in the gayest
circles, with actresses, novelists, and others of a similar character,-yielded to vanities, from which her own good sense,
(37)




38         LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FBEY.             [1798.
now aroused to action by a regenerating power, revolted
with disgust.  "I went," she writes, "to Drury Lane in
the evening. I must own I was extremely disappointed:
to be sure the house is grand and dazzling, but I had no
other feeling whilst there than that of wishing it over."
25th.-Although I told William  Savery my principles
were not Friendly, yet I fear I should not like his knowing
of my going to the play. I think such religion as his must
attract an atheist; and if there were many such Quakers
as he is, the Society would soon increase.
Tuesday. —I went to the play at Covent Garden, I still
continue not to like plays.
Wednesday, 28th. —We were out this morning; I felt
proud, vain and silly. In the evening, we had a dance.'Thursday, March 1st.-I own I enter into the gay world
reluctantly. I do not like plays. I think them so artificial
that they are to me not interesting, and all seems so-so
very far from pure virtue and nature. My hair was dressed,
and I felt like a monkey. London is not the place for
heartfelt pleasure, so I must not expect to find it.
That gracious Heavenly Parent, whose ever-watchful eye
is upon them  that fear Him, was providing something for
her anxious mind, more soul-satisfying than pursuits of so
frivolous a nature.
7th.-I went to Meeting in the evening.  I have not
enough eloquence to describe it.  William Savery's sermon
was in the first part very affecting, it was from the Revelations; he explained his text beautifully, and awfully, most
awfully I felt it; he next described the sweets of religion,
and the spirit of prayer.  How he did describe it!  He said,
the deist, and those who did not feel devotion, looked at
nature, admired the thunder, the lightning and earthquakes,
as curiosities; but they looked not up through them to




1798.]     LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                 39
nature's God.  How well he hit the state I have been in; I
trust I may not remain in it; his prayer was beautiful; I
think I felt to pray with him.
17tlz. —May I never forget the impression William Savery
has made on my mind! as much as I can say is, I thank God
for having sent at least a glimmering of light, through him,
into my heart, which I hope with care, and keeping it from
the many draughts and winds of this life, may not be blown
out, but become a large brilliant flame, that will direct me to
that haven, where will be joy without a sorrow, and all will
be comfort. I have faith; how much to gain! not all the
treasures in this world can equal that heavenly treasure.
May I grow more and more virtuous, follow the path I
should go in, and not fear to acknowledge the God whom I
worship; I will try, and I do hope to do what is right. I
now long to be in the quiet of Earlham, for there I may see
how good I can be, and so I may here, for the greater cross
the greater crown: but I there can reflect quietly and
soberly on what has passed, there I hope to regulate my
mind, which I know sadly wants it.  May I never lose the
little religion I now have; but if I cannot feel religion and
devotion, I must not despair, for if I am truly warm and
earnest in the cause, it will come one day. My idea is, that
true humility and lowliness of heart is the first grand step
towards true religion. I fear and tremble for myself, but I
must humbly look to the Author of all that is good and great,
and, I may say, humbly pray, that He will take me as a
sheep strayed from His flock, and once more let me enter
the fold of His glory.  I feel there is a God and immortality; happy, happy thought! May it never leave me, and
if it should, may I remember I have felt that there is a God
and Immortality.
After being in London and its vicinity seven weeks, she
returned home with her father, on the 16th of fourth month.
Thirty years afterwards, in 1828 she thus reviews this
critical period of life.




40          LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.             [1798.
cc Here ended this important and interesting visit to London, where I learned much and had much to digest.  I saw
and entered various scenes of gaiety; many of our first
public places; attended balls and other places of amusement.
I saw many interesting characters in the world, some of
considerable eminence in that day; I was also cast among
a great variety of persons of different descriptions. I had
the high advantage of attending several most interesting
meetings of William  Savery, and having, at times, his
company, and that of a few other Friends.  It was like
the casting die in my life; however, I believe it was in the
ordering of Providence for me, and that the lessons then
learnt are to this day valuable to me. I consider one of the
important results was, the conviction of these things being
wrong, from seeing them and feeling their effects. I wholly
gave up on my own ground, attending all public places of
amusement, I saw that they tend to promote evil; therefore
even if I could attend them without being hurt myself, I
felt, in entering them, I lent my aid to promote that, which
1 was sure, from what I saw, hurt others; led many from
the paths of rectitude and chastity, and brought them into
much sin; particularly those who had to act in plays, or
sing in concerts.  I felt the vanity and folly of what are
called the pleasures of this life, of which the tendency is
not to satisfy, but eventually to enervate and injure the
heart and mind; those only are real pleasures which are of
an innocent nature, and used as recreations, subjected to the
cross of Christ. I was, in my judgment, much confirmed in
the infinite importance of religion, as the only real stay,
guide, help, and comfort in this life, and the only means of
our having a hope of partaking of a better. My understanding was increasingly open to receive its truths; although the
glad tidings of the gospel of Christ were little, very little, if
at all understood by me, I was like the blind man; although
I could hardly be said to have attained the state of seeing
men as trees. I obtained in this expedition a valuable know



1798.]     LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                  41
ledge of human character, from the variety I met with; this
I think was useful to me, though some were very dangerous
associates for so young a person, and the way in which I was
protected among them, is, in my remembrance, very striking;
and leads me to acknowledge, that at this most critical period
of my life, the tender mercy of my God was marvellously displayed towards me; and that His all-powerful, though to me
then almost unseen and unknown hand, held me up and protected me. Can any one doubt, that it was His Spirit which
manifested to me the evil in my own heart, as well as that
which I perceived around me? leading me to abhor it, and
to hunger and thirst after Himself, and His righteousness,
and that salvation which cometh by Christ."
But we return to her early journal:Earlham, April 20th, 1798.-To-day the children brought
me a letter from William Savery: I cannot well express
what I felt at receiving it. I do not know the course I am
to run, all is hid in mystery, but I try to do right in everything. I feel he gives me a stimulant to virtue; but I fear
by what I expressed in my letter, he suspects that I am
turning plain Quaker. I hate that he should estimate me
falsely. I must remember that on the foundation of the doctrine, I believe we agree. I must look to One higher than
he; and if I feel my own mind satisfied I need not fear.
Look up to true religion as the very first of blessings, cherish
it, nourish, and let it flourish and bloom in my heart; it
wants taking care of, it is difficult to obtain. I must not
despair or grow sceptical, if I do not always feel religious.
I have felt God as it were, and I must seek, to find Him
again.
The letter referred to is as follows:" 13th of Fourth Month, 1798.
" DEAR FRIEND,
" As I left thee unwell, and without having it in
my power to take thee affectionately by the hand, as I was
6




42         LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.             [1798.
much inclined to do; it gave me great pleasure to receive
thy kind letter, which brings no complaint of thy present
want of health; for, I assure thee, I feel interested in thy
welfare and happiness every way. My attachment has not
been more cordial or agreeable to any young Friend in England, and my heart leaped with joy to find thou art willing
to acknowledge a state of hunger and thirst after righteousness, which, if thou cherish and dwell in, thou never need to
doubt, my dear friend, will eventually be crowned with the
enjoyment of the heavenly promise,'thou shalt be filled.'
Thou art favoured with amiable and benevolent dispositions,
which I hope thou hast wisely determined shall not be
eclipsed by a conformity to the god of this world; nor enslaved by its rudiments and maxims, its philosophy and vain
deceit, but rather with a holy magnanimity, regardless of the
world's dread laugh, thou wilt resolve to implore the Omnipotent Hand that formed thee for Glory, Immortality, and
Eternal Life, to finish the glorious work He has begun, by
creating thee anew in Christ Jesus unto every good word and
work; bringing thee under the dominion of His own power
and spirit, the fruit of which is love, joy, peace, long-suffering, gentleness, goodness, faith, meekness, temperance.
"I know, my dear, thou hast, and wilt have, many temptations to combat with; thou wilt, doubtless, be frequently
importuned to continue, with thy gay acquaintance, in pursuit of that unsubstantial and false glare of happiness, which
the world, in too bewitching and deceitful colours, holds out
to the poor young, unwary traveller, which, if he be ensnared
with, most certainly ends in blinding the intellectual eye,
from discerning the uncontaminated source of soul-felt pleasure, resulting from an humble heart, at peace with its God,
its neighbour, and itself. Thou asks my advice, my dear
friend, and without any premeditation when I sat down, I
find I have been attempting it; but it is very evident, thou
art under the especial care of an infinitely better Instructor,
who has already uttered his soft and heavenly voice, to teach




1798.]     LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                 43
thee that thefirst step towards religion is true humility; because, in that'state only, we can feel the need we have of an
arm, stronger than human, to lean upon, to lead us out of,
and keep us from polluting things, which hinder our access
to, and confidence in, that boundless source of purity, love,
and mercy; who, amidst all the vicissitudes of time, is disposed to be our invincible Shepherd, Guardian, and Friend,
in whom we may trust and never be afraid; but this blessed
confidence is not, cannot be enjoyed by the gay, the giddy,
proud, or abandoned votaries of this world.
" It is the peculiar privilege of those, who are sincerely
endeavouring to wash their hands in innocency, that they
may compass the altar of God availingly. I have experienced
what it is to be under the imperious and slavish dominion of
my own uncontrolled passions; and I know that such a state
is abundantly mixed with the wormwood and the gall, and I
have been, through adorable mercy, convinced there is an
infinitely more happy one to be attained, even in this life;
an enjoyment, under the perfect law of liberty, of that serene
state of mind, wherein there is no condemnation, as Paul
speaks, the law of the spirit of life in Christ Jesus setting
the soul free from the law of sin and death.  I do not pretend, my dear friend, to boast myself as having attained such
an uninterrupted state, yet the transient foretaste which we
partake of, in proportion to our obedience to revealed duty,
is enough to inspire the soul of every Christian soldier, so
to run, through God's mercy and grace, that we may obtain
the full and complete enjoyment of it.  There are many
formal professors of religion, who think to obtain peace with
God, by a critical exactness, and even rigid austerity in outward observances, and outside formalities, as well as many,
who, from constitution or habit, are always exhibiting the
dark and gloomy side of religion, not having, in my humble
opinion, their minds sufficiently expanded by just conceptions
of the adorable love and mercy of God; and both of these
spread a discouraging report of the good land, or of the way




44          LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.               [1798
which our Heavenly Father has appointed for us to obtain
possession of it. I speak only my own experience, dear
Elizabeth, when I say, that whenever I have found my way
more than usually strewn with thorns, I have generally discovered, on a deep scrutiny of my heart, that it has been the
fruit of some open or secret departure from the paths of
obedience and virtue; so that I am confirmed that it is in
our own ways we are corrected; but the ways of the Lord
are ways of pleasantness, and all His paths peace.  I know
very well that the most virtuous, being children of frail
humanity, and this world not designed to be the place of
their undisturbed rest, but a school of discipline to prepare
them for a better, are subject to afflictions, as well as others;
still there is this difference in the midst of them  all, that
while the votary of this world is overwhelmed with murmuring and repining, and agitated with sorrow which worketh
death, under the afflictive dispensations, that all, more or
less, in the wisdom of Providence for our good must pass
through in this life; the humble Christian, believing that
even afflictions from  His sovereign hand are mercies in disguise, and that all things shall work eventually for good to
them that love and fear Him, is strengthened, through the
Lord's love and mercy, to say,' The cup that my Heavenly
Father hath blessed, shall I not drink it?''for our light
affliction, which is but for a moment, worketh for us a far
more exceeding and eternal weight of glory, while we look
not at the things which are seen, but at the things which are
not seen, for the things which are seen are temporal, but the
things which are not seen are eternal.'  On the other hand,
the temporal enjoyments of this life, being sanctified to us
by the hand that gave them, and the world used without
abusing it, the peace, comfort, and rational enjoyment of
them is doubly tasted by the religious and grateful soul. My
dear child, my heart is full towards thee, I have written a,
great deal more than I expected; but I fain would take thee
by the hand, if I were qualified so to do, and ascend, as our




1798.]    LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                   45
IIeavenly Father may enable us, together, step by step, up
that ladder which reaches from earth to heaven; but, alas!
my weakness is such, I can only recommend both myself and
thee to that good hand, that is able to do more abundantly
for us than we can either ask or think; and bid thee, for
the present, in much Christian affection, farewell.
"WILLIAM SAVERY."
April 21st. —I am so glad I do not feel Earlham at all
dull, after the bustle of London; on the contrary, a better
relish forthe sweet innocence and beauties of nature. I
hope I may say, I do look "through nature up to nature's
God." I go every day to see poor Bob, (a servant in a
decline, living at a cottage in the Park,) who I think will
not live. I once talked to him about dying, and asked him
if he would like me to read to him in the Testament. I told
him, I felt such faith in the blessings of Immortality, that I
pitied not his state; it was an odd speech to make to a dying
man.  I hope to be able to comfort him in his dying hours.
I gave some things to some poor people to-day; but it is not
there that I am particularly virtuous, as I am only following
my natural disposition.  I should be far more so, if I never
spoke against any person, which I do too often. I think I
am improved since I was last at home; my mind is not so
fly-away.  I hope it never will be so again.  We are all
governed by our feelings; now the reason why religion is
far more likely to keep you in the path of virtue than any
theoretical plan is, that you feel it, and your heart is wrapt
up in it; it acts as a furnace on your character, it refines it,
it purifies it; whereas principles of your own making are
without kindling to make the fire hot enough to answer its
purpose. I think a dream I have had so odd, I will write it
down.
Before I mention my dream, I will give an account of my
state of mind, from the time I was fourteen years old. I
had very sceptical, or deistical principles. I seldom, or
never thought of religion, and altogether I was a negatively




46         LIFE OF ELIZABETH  ]3RY.    [1798.
good character; having naturally good dispositions, I had
not much to combat with; I gave way freely to the weakness
of youth. I was flirting, idle, rather proud and vain, till
the time I was seventeen, when I found I wanted a better,
a greater stimulus to virtue, than I had, as I was wrapt up
in trifles. I felt my mind capable of better things; but I
could not exert it, till several of my friends, without knowing
my state, wished I would read books on Christianity; but I
said, till I felt the want of religion myself, I would not read
books of that kind; but if ever I did, would judge clearly
for myself, by reading the New Testament, and when I had
seen for myself, I would then see what others said. About
this time, I believe, I never missed a week, or a few nights,
without dreaming, that I was nearly being washed away by
the sea, sometimes in one way, sometimes in another; and I
felt all the terror of being drowned, or hope of being
saved; at last I dreamt it so often, that I told many of the
family what a strange dream I had, and how near I was
being lost. After I had gone on in this way for some
months, William Savery came to Norwich. I had begun to
read the Testament with reflections of my own, and he suddenly, as it were, opened my eyes to see religion; but again
they almost closed. I went on dreaming the dream. The
day when I felt I had really and truly got true and real
faith, that night I dreamed the sea was coming as usual to
wash me away, but I was beyond its reach; beyond its
powers to wash me away; since that night I do not remem
ber having dreamed that dream. Odd! It did not strike me
at the time so odd; but now it does. All I can say is, I
admire it, I am  glad I have had it, and I have a sort of
faith in it; it ought, I think, to make my faith steady, it
may be the work of chance, but I do not think it is, for it is
so odd not having dreamed it since. What a blessed thought
to think it comes from heaven! May I be made capable
of acting as I ought to act; not being drowned in the ocean
of the world, but permitted to mount above its waves, and




1798.]    LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                  47
remain a steady and faithful servant to the God whom 1
worship. I may take this dream in what light I like, but I
must be careful of superstition; as many, many are the
minds that are led away by it. Believe only in what I can
comprehend or feel; don't, don't be led away by enthusiasm;
but I don't fear. I feel myself under the protection of One,
who alone is able to guide me to the path in which I ought
to go.
29th.-The human mind is so apt to fly from one extreme
to another; and why is not mine like others? I certainly
seem to be on the road to a degree of enthusiasm, but I own
myself at a loss how to act. If I act as they (meaning
doubtless those around her) would wish me, I should not
humbly give way to the feelings of religion; I should dwell
on philosophy, and depend more on my own reason than anything else. On the contrary, if I give way to the religious
feelings to which I am inclined, (and I own I believe much
in inspiration,) I feel confident that I should find true humility,
and humble waiting on the Almighty, the only way of feeling an inward sense of the beauties, and of the comforts of
religion; it spreads a sweet veil over the evils of life; it is
to me the first of feelings. I own my dream rather leads me
to believe in, and try to follow the path I would go in. But
I should think my wisest plan of conduct would be warmly to
encourage my feelings of devotion, and to keep as nearly as
I can to what I think right, and the doctrines of the Testament; not, at present, to make sects the subject of my meditations, but to do as I think right, and not alter my opinions
from conformity to any one, gay or plain.
May 8th. —This morning, being alone, I think it a good
opportunity to look into myself, to see my present state, and
to regulate myself. At this time, the first object of my mind
is religion. It is the most constant subject of my thoughts
and of my feelings; I am not yet on what I call a steady
foundation.  The next feeling that at this present fills my
heart, is benevolence and affection to many, but great want




48        LIFE  OF ELIZABETH FRY.               [1i98,
of charity, want of humility, want of activity; my inclinations lead me, I hope, to virtue; my passions are, I hope, in
a pretty good state; I want to set myself in good order, for
much time is lost, and many evils committed, by not having
some regular plan of conduct; I make these rules for myself:First,-Never lose any time; I do not think that lost
which is spent in amusement or recreation, some time every
day; but always be in the habit of being employed.
Second,-Never err the least in truth.
Third,-Never say an ill thing of a person, when I can
say a good thing of them, not only speak charitably but
feel so.
Fourth, —Never be irritable nor unkind to anybody.
Fifth, —Never indulge myself in luxuries that are not
necessary.
Sixth,-Do all things with consideration, and when my
path to act right is most difficult, feel confidence in that
power that alone is able to assist me, and exert my own
powers as far as they go.
19th. —Altogether I think I have had a satisfactory day.
I had a good lesson of French this morning, and read much
in Epictetus.  Saw poor Bob, and enjoyed the sweet beauties of nature, which now shine forth; each day some new
beauty arrives. I love the beauty of the country, it does the
mind good. I love it more than I used to do. I love retirement and quiet much more since my journey to London.
HIow little I thought six months ago, I should be so much
altered; I am since then, I hope, altered much for the better.
MIy heart may rise in thankfulness to that omnipotent power,
that has allowed my eyes to be opened, in some measure, to
see the light of truth, and to feel the comfort of religion. I
hope to be capable of giving up my all, if it be required of
me, to serve the Almighty with my whole heart.
21st.-To-day is my birth-day. I am eighteen years old!
How many things have happened to me since I was four



1798.]       LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.              49
teen; the last year has been the happiest I have experienced
for some time.
23d.-I have just been reading a letter from my father,
in which he makes me the offer of going to London, what a
temptation! but I believe it to be much better for me to be
where I am, quietly and soberly to keep a proper medium of
feelings, and not to be extravagant any way.
24th.-I wrote to my father this morning. I must be most
careful not to be led by others, for I know, at this time, I
have so great a liking for plain Friends, that my affections
being so much engaged, my mind may be so also by them.
I hope, as I now find myself in so wavering a state, that I
may judge without prejudice of Barclay's Apology.
27th.-I must be careful of allowing false scruples to enter
my mind. I have not yet been long enough a religionist
to be a sectarian. I hope, by degrees, to obtain true faith;
but I expect I shall lose what I gain if I am led to actions
that I may repent of; remember and never forget my own
enthusiastic, feeling nature. It requires caution and extreme
prudence to go on as I should do. In the afternoon I went
to St. Peter's, and heard a good sermon. The common people seemed very much occupied, and wrapt up in the service,
which I was pleased to see; afterwards I went to the cathedral, then I came home and read to the Normans and little
Castleton.
29th.-I feel weak in mind and body. If I go on approving revealed religion, I must be extremely careful of
taking the idle fancies of the brain, for anything so far superior. I believe many mistake mere meteors for that heavenly
light, which few receive.  Many may have it in a degree,
but I should suppose few have it, so as to teach others with
authority.
June Ist.-I have been great part of this morning with
poor Bob, who seems now dying.  I read a chapter in the
Testament to him, the one upon death, and I sat with him
for some time afterwards. Poor fellow! I never saw death,
7




50          LIFE  OF ELIZABETHE  FRY.            [1798.
or any of its symptoms before; sad to see, it truly is; I said
a few words to himn, and expressed to him how happy we
should be in expectation of immortality and everlasting bliss.
Father of mercies, wilt Thou bless him, and take him unto
Thee? Though my mind is flat this morning, and not favoured with Thy Spirit in devotion; yet I exert what I have,
and hope it will prove acceptable in Thy sight. Almighty
God, Thy will be done, and not ours.  May I always be resigned to what Thou hast ordered for me; I humbly thank
Thee, for allowing my eyes to be opened, so as even to feel
faith, hope and love towards Thee. First and last of everything infinite, and not to be comprehended except by Thy
Spirit, which Thou allowest to enlighten our hearts.
12th.-This evening I have got myself rather in a scrape;
I have been helping them to beg my father for us to go to
the Guild-dinner, and I don't know whether it was quite
what I approve of, or think good for myself; but I shall
consider, and do not intend to go, if I disapprove of it.  How
strange and odd! I really think I shall turn plain Friend;
all I say is, search deeply; do nothing rashly, and I then
hope to do right; they all, I think, now see it-keep up to
the duties I feel in my heart, let the path be ever so difficult;
err not at all if I can avoid it, be humble and constant.  I
do not like to appear a character I am not certain of being.
For a few days past, I have at times felt much religion for
me; humility and comfort belong to it.  I often think very
seriously about myself. A few months ago, if I had seen any
one act, as I now do, I should have thought him a fool; but
the strongest proof I can have that I am acting right at the
present time is, that I am certainly a better, and I think a
happier character. But I often doubt myself, when I consider my enthusiastic and changeable feelings. Religion is
no common enthusiasm, because it is pure, it is a constant
friend, protector, supporter, and guardian; it is what we
cannot do well without in this world; what can prove its
excellence so much as its producing virtue and happiness I




1798.]     LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                  51
I-iow much more solid a character I am, since I first got hold
of religion! I would not part with what I have for anything; it is a-faith that never will leave my mind, I hope
most earnestly.  I do not believe it will, but I desire always
to be a strictly religious character.
The next entry is striking, giving us the first glance at
her future course.
183th.-I have some thoughts of, by degrees, increasing
my plan for Sunday evening; and of having several poor
children, at least, to read in the Testament and religious
books for an hour. I have begun with Billy; but I hope to
continue, and increase one by one. I should think it a good
plan; but I must not even begin that hastily. It might increase morality among the lower classes, if the Scriptures
were oftener and better read to them.  I believe I cannot
exert myself too much, there is nothing gives me such satisfaction as instructing the lower classes of people.
24th.-I persevered in going to Meeting this afternoon.
Coming home, I saw a scene that indeed interested me, my
father jumping into the water at the New Mills, after a poor
boy whom I thought drowned; my feelings were great indeed, both for my father and the boy. I believe I should
have leapt in afterwards if my father had gone out of sight;
he did it delightfully, with such- activity and spirit, it was
charming to see him.  Poor little boy! I took him as soon
as he was out of the water; it agitated me extremely.
July 9th. —How little is the mind capable of really feeling
that we are all in the presence of God, who overlooks every
action.  Should we not tremble when we think of it?  How
many faults do we commit!  It is impossible, without the
assistance of His almighty power, to comprehend it.  We
could never be wicked, while we felt ourselves in the presence of the Almighty. Virtue alone can make this thought
a happy one.




52          LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.             [1798.
During the summer John Gurney and his seven daughters
travelled into Wales, &c. Before quitting home, Elizabeth
writes:20th.-I suppose we shall go off to-morrow on our journey.
We expect the Opies and Bartlett Gurney to dinner.  It is
my wish to do my lesson with Le Sage, and the first thing
afterwards to attend to my father; read to Mrs. Norman;
see nurse Norman; walk to Colney about Billy; come home,
set my things in the greatest order.  Evening.-I have been
confused by the thoughts of going and company. How
much do I fear for myself this journey.
As they proceeded westward, stopping at many places,
Elizabeth enjoyed the works of nature, and dwelt with
pleasure on the beautiful scenery they passed through; but
to the works of man, however imposing, she was compara-tively indifferent.  She visited cathedral cities; she beheld
scenes of high historic interest; castles, whose walls could
reveal dark tales of bye-gone days; but she scarcely mentions
them, and if she notices them at all, it is but to draw some
moral inference. In visiting the Dockyards, at Plymouth,
and viewing one of the most striking instances of man's
power and skill, a first-rate man-of-war, in perfect order, and
equipped for sea, she considers the sad effects of war, and its
evil influences on the human race. But by far the greatest
interest, afforded her by this journey, was the prospect of
seeing different Friends, and becoming better acquainted
with them and their principles.  The travellers paid a visit
to Colebrook Dale, the residence of the well-known Christian
philanthropist, Richard Reynolds, there she was left for some
days with her cousin, Priscilla Hannah Gurney, cousin to
the Gurneys of Earlham, by both their father and mother,
her father being Joseph Gurney, and her mother Christiana
Barclay.  She was exactly the person to attract the young;
she possessed singular beauty, and elegance of manner. She




1798.]     LIFE OF ELIZABETH FRY.                    53
was of the old school; her costume partook of this, and her
long retention of the black hood, gave much character to her
appearance.  She had early renounced the world and its
fa scinations; left Bath, where her mother and sister Christiana
Gurneyresided; became eventually a minister among Friends,
and found a congenial retreat for many years at Colebrook
Dale.  The influence of this visit upon Elizabeth was very
powerful.  A place more likely to interest her, with persons
more suited to her state of mind, could not perhaps have
been found than Colebrook Dale, and the residents there.
Richard Reynolds, at that time advanced in years, was a
patriarch among his family, his friends, and dependents.
He devoted a, large proportion of a noble fortune, acquired
by honourable industry, to objects of benevolence.  HIis
extensive iron-works were carried on with careful attention
to the moral good of those employed in them.
Several other valuable Friends resided at Colebrook Dale,
connected with each other in business, or by marriage, or by
the stronger bond of religious fellowship.
The memoranda, penned by Elizabeth Gurney, during
their journey, are interesting; some of them calculated to
excite much sympathy, bespeaking, as they do, the temptations to which she was exposed.
]Farnham,.July 26th.-To-night I am much tired, quite
fagged, body and mind, and the text comes strongly before
me, "Blessed are they that mourn, for they shall be comforted," for though I feel weak in body, I have truly support
in mind.  God is a. merciful Father, and when His children
(though evil like me) mourn, HI-e will comfort them, and
preserve them, if they will exert their own powers also, to
serve him in spirit and in truth.  How often I fail! IHIe is
never-failing, no, never!  He makes the sun to rise on the
just and unjust, and we acknowledge not His blessings,
but lament over the few clouds that shade its brightness:
and sometimes murmur at the Lord that made us.  Weak
mortals! and I ami weak indeed.  But I feel I have to deal
with a merciful Father.




54         LIFE OF ELIZABETIH FRY.               [1798.
Weymouth. 29th. —We dined here, and after dinner went
on the sea. I always feel rather afraid when there, for I
consider that if the least accident were to happen, I should
be drowned; and I do not know if it be right, only for
pleasure, to run the risk of one's life.  I always feel doubtful
of ever seeing land again; but I believe it to be partly
unwise cowardice; if duty led me to it, I do not think I
should fear.  Some minds, by nature, are more cowards than
others, and require more faith to overcome it.  This evening,
I am sorry to say, I feel a hankering after the world and its
gaieties: but what real satisfaction is there in being admired!
I am uncertain about going to the Rooms to-morrow. I
should not object, I think, if no expense follow it; but if
I can keep away, I will do so; I have been considering, and
believe this subject requires real thought.  I hear thereis to
be a ball, and I don't doubt we may go; if I go, I shall
enter the world, and fall very likely into some of its snares.
Shall I feel satisfied in going, or most satisfied in staying
at home?  I believe in staying at home.  The worst of all
will be, I shall have to contradict tile will of all the others,
(her sisters,) and most likely to disappoint my father by not
going; there is the rub, if I don't go perhaps he will not let
the others go.  I think I shall leave it on these grounds; if
I can stay at home in any way, do-but if I cannot without
vexing my father I must go, and try not to be hurt by it.
Dawislh, August 3rd.-This morning Kitty came in for us
to read the Testament together, which I enjoyed: I read my
favourite chapter, the 15th of Corinthians to them.  Oh!
ho w earnestly I hope that we may all know what truth is,
and follow its dictates. I still continue my belief that I
shall turn plain Quaker. I used to think, and do now, how
very little dress matters; but I find it almost impossible to
keep up to the principles of Friends without altering my
dress and speech. I felt it the other day at Weymouth.  If
I had been plain, I should not have been tenpted to go to
the play, which, at all events, I would not do; plainness ap




1798.]      LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                   55
pears to be a sort of protection to the principles of Christianity,
in the present state of the world.  I have just received a
letter from Anna Savery, and have been answering it, and
have written rather a religious letter, which I mean to show
them, though it is to me a cross, as I say in it I think I am a
Quaker at heart.  I hope it will not hurt them; but it is
better to be on clear grounds with my best friends, upon that
which so nearly interests me.  I know it hurts Rachel and
John the most. Rachel has the seeds of Quakerism in her
heart, that if cultivated, would grow indeed, I have no doubt.
I should never be surprised to see us all Quakers.
4th.-I have been having such a morning with Chrissy
Gurney, I do really love her; she makes me more of a
Quaker than any one I ever was with. She certainly is the
most interesting woman I ever met, quite one after my own
heart: she is to me indescribable.  It is odd to me, and I
believe it is to herself, that she is not a Quaker. But she is
good without it, not but what I think she would be happier
with it.  I have very little doubt I shall gain from her; I
quite feel leaving this place.
Plymouth -Dock, 8th. —After a good night, as soon as
breakfast was over, we went to see the ropes made at the
Docks, which was a most curious sight.  How thankful I
should be, that for all my constant erring from the path of
truth, I am yet sometimes allowed to feel I have an Arm to
lean upon, superior to human, that will support me in time
of trouble. After leaving the Dock-yards, we went on board
a ferry boat, and I felt rather afraid, to my shame. We then
went to see a Review, which I felt rather uncertain if it were
right for me to go to, as I so highly disapprove of war; but
I believe whilst I appear as other people, I must act as they
do, unless with the greatest difficulty.  I do not alter from
conformity, but from  conviction.  Afterwards we went to
Lord AMount Edgecumbe's, a very fine place, but I was not
in the mind for it. Am I right or not? An officer has come
for us to hear a very famous Marine Band; and I do not go,




56          LIFE OF ELIZABETH FI rY.               [1798.
because I have some idea it is wrong, even to give countenance to a thing that inflames men's minds to destroy each
other; it is truly giving encouragement, as far as lies in my
power, to what I most highly disapprove, therefore I think I
am right to stay at home. I will now go on with an account
of the day.  We went on board a man-of-war with Judd
(their maid) and the men-servants; it was a fine but melancholy sight.  I may gain some information by it, but it is
not what I quite approve of, the same as the band; my heart
feels most anxious this night that I may go right, for strait
and narrow is the path that leadeth to eternal life, and broad
is the way that leadeth to destruction.  I must remark,
before finishing this journal, that I feel much satisfaction
attending my not going to the Review, a thing my heart is
so much set upon as military music; as soon as I determined,
in my own mind, to give it up, inclination vanished, and
now would lead me to stay at home.  If I look at it, my
path is clearer than I think; for it ought to give me comfort and hope, that, in so small a thing, I feel so much
satisfaction, it should help me forward in my journey to that
haven, where alone comfort is to be found.
Surely no one can attentively trace the conflicts, fears, and
doubt, which beset her mind, the obstructions which external
circumstances placed around her, with so few to afford her
counsel, or to assist her judgment, as she sought to advance
in the path of life and peace, without feeling a deep and
tender sympathy with her infant exercises, or without being
impressed with  the  remarkable  manner in which  the
Heavenly Shepherd graciously extended the crook of His love,
to draw her spirit gently along to the fold of safety and rest.
Ivy Bridge, 9t. —The first thing we undertook this
morning, was to see the Docl-yards, which is a sight too
astonishing to describe.  But after all the art, expense and
trouble, that men put themselves to, what do they gain, but
th.e destruction of their fellow-creatures?  AfteTcr that, we




1798.]     LIFE OF ELIZABETH FRY.                  57
went by water to Plymouth, and saw many Friends; but one
very plain, who was agreeable to us all, even interesting.
As I left Plymouth, my mind felt deeply hurt on account of
the poor sailors and women, of whom I have seen a sad number,
and I longed to do them good, to try one day to make them
sensible of the evil state they appear to be in. Just at that
time, I read, or thought, of that passage in the Testament,
where it says, we are to look upon all men as greater than
ourselves. Christ truly taught humility, and I reflected that
in all probability, if I had had the same temptations, I should
have been equally wicked; for I am sorry, indeed, to say I
fear I mostly give way to temptation, when it falls in my way.
Ah! much, much have I to do, much to strive for, before I
shall be able to feel that my house is built upon a rock. I
know how weak is its present foundation; but this night my
mind is cheered by the brightening light of religion.
The Christian solicitude, excited in her youthful heart, in
behalf of the poor degraded population in the vicinity of the
Dock-yards, at Plymouth, made an impression that was not
effaced during the long period of twenty-seven years-filled,
as this period was, with important interests; and the reader
may observe that, in the year 1825, Elizabeth Fry held a
religious meeting with them at Devonport-more than fifteen
hundred attending it-mostly of the lowest class-these
being the chief objects of her concern.
Ci'ifton, 15th.-This morning I have seen much beautiful
country about Clifton.  I think it very likely we shall go to
the Welsh Half-Yearly Mleeting, where I expect we shall
meet most of the Colebrook Dale Friends, whom I quite
long to see. We have been a pleasant excursion this afternoon to a Mr. Harford's; I had an interesting drive home,
and thought about serious subjects.  I often think of home
with a longing heart, to set off once more quietly in my
career.
Abergavenny, 18th. —We went one stage before breakfast
8




58          LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.              [1798
from Usk to Pontypool; as soon as we got there, we met two
plain Friends, they both preached; my mind had some devotional feelings, which I felt a blessing.  I remained and
dined with. them, and a little of that peculiar love I feel
towards plain Friends, sprung up in my heart for them.  Before the afternoon Meeting, I went with lirs. B —       to
call on Lady M -.  I own I felt very uncomfortable, I
felt as if I were too much a Friend with Friends, and too
worldly with other people.  I thought I should be acting a
better part to say thee instead of you, to other people when
I could, for I felt myself to- day, one minute saying thee, the
next you; it appeared hypocritical.  I had an argument in
my own mind, which I will try to remember; I first
thought how there could be any difference, in Christian
virtue, in saying you or thee to people.  I considered there
were certainly some advantages attending it; the first, that
of weaning the heart from  this world, by acting, in some
little things, differently from it.  But I then thought, is it
not better to be remarkable for excellence of conduct, than
for such little peculiarities?  I find that in a perfect state,
such things would not signify, but we are in an imperfect
state; and our virtue is hard to maintain, without some fortress, to support it; we must combat with imperfection, and,
at times, be obliged to make grea.t things of little things,
and use them as arms to defend us from the many swiles and
snares of the world.
Landalyl, 2lst.-A gentleman dined with us, to whom I
did not attend, till I discovered he was Lord.  Oh
pride, how it does creep in upon me 
Aberystwith, 23rd. —Is dancing wrong?  I have just beeni
dancing; I think there are many dangers attending it, it may
lead to vanity and other things.  The more the pleasures of
life are given up, the less we love the world, and our hearts
vill be set upon better things; not but that we are allowed.
I believe, to enjoy the blessings Heaven has sent us.  We
have power of mind sufficient to distinguish the good from




1798.]     LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                   59
the bad; for under the cloak of pleasure, infinite evils are
carried on.  The danger of dancing, I find, is throwing me
off my centre; at times when dancing, I know that I have
not reason left, but that I do things which in calm moments
I must repent of.
Caernarvon, 27tkf.-After a good breakfast, we set off on
our journey.  The first few miles I shall find very difficult to
describe, for such a scene I had not an idea of; all surrounded with rocky mountains, lost in the clouds as they
passed over them.  Sometimes we were on the edge of a
precipice, sometimes on the borders of a river, where the
road was cut out of the rock, and high mountains on each
side, now and then the wild goats straying over them.  VWe
were obliged to walk part of the way, which was trying to
me, as I had the tooth-ache.  Since I have been here, I have
had a Welsh harper, which I was not quite sure was right,
as it was giving, or at least causing money to be given, that
might have been spent much better.
28th. — [y mind is in an uncomfortable state this morning;
for I am astonished to find I have felt a scruple at music, at
least I could not otherwise account for my feelings; but my
mind is rather uneasy after I have been spending time in it.
These cannot be sensations of my own making, or a contrivance of my own forming, for I have such happiness when I
overcome my worldly self; and when I give way to it, am
uneasy; not but what I think feelings are sometimes dangerous to give way to; but how odd, yet how true, that much
of human reason must be given up. I don't know what to
think of it, but I must act somehow, and in some way; yet
do nothing rashly or hastily, but try to humiliate myself to
true religion; and endeavour to look to God who alone can
teach me and lead me right; have faith, hope, and if little
things are to follow to protect greater ones, I must, yes, I
must do it.  I feel certainly happier in being a Quaker, but
my reason contradicts it. Now my fears are these, lately I
have had Quakerism placed before me in a very interesting




60         LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.    r[1798.
and delightful light; and is it unlikely that inclination may
put on the appearance of duty?  Now my inclination may,
before long, lead me some other way; that is a sad foundation to build the fortress upon which must defend me through
life; but I think I am wrong in one thing, though it is right
to doubt myself; yet do I not make myself more uneasy, for
fear I should be a ridiculous object to the world, and some
of my dear friends. I believe I can give myself a little
advice, not to promote anything leading to unquakerism;
but try if it make me happy or not, and then take greater
steps if I like.
Colebrook 1Dale, 31st.-Cousin Priscilla's room. This evening I am at Colebrook Dale, the place I have so much wished
to be at. I had rather a comfortable drive here from Shrewsbury; read in the Testament, and got by heart one or two
verses. I felt it a great pleasure to see cousin Priscilla,. We
have taken a long walk this afternoon.  It brings me into a
sweet state, being with plain Friends like these, a sort of
humility. I expect to be here some days, which I delight in.
I feel this evening in a calm, and rather religious state of
mind.  I am blessed a little to feel the existence of my Father who is in heaven; and I have some hope I may one day
be confined in the sheep-fold, and not stray from the flock.
I hope I shall, and I may; for thanks be to the Almighty,
He has formed us for eternal glory, if we will be sufficiently
melted down to be moulded into the right form.
September 2nd.-I cannot easily describe that which I
would, for I know not in my own mind what my feelings
exactly are. This morning, when breakfast was over, I had
some talk with Priscilla, and then we sat down to read the
account of a young woman of the name of Rathbone, to me
striking and interesting; how well she was assured of Immortality, how clearly did she see her path to Heaven!
Happy, happy woman; blessed, ah blessed is thy fate! may
we also be permitted to accompany thee to glory, immortality,
and eternal life, with our God and our Saviour; shall I ever




1798.]     LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                  61
be sensible of deserving immortal glory? too great a blessing,
I fear, for me and my weak self ever to obtain. For hard is
the task and narrow is the road that leadeth thereunto. We
then went to Meeting, my mind was clouded, but now and
then a small ray enlightened it. Between the two Meetings,
I read again with cousin Priscilla, and all my sisters, that
account of the young woman. Hard is the task of dedicating
the heart unto God; I fear, yet I hope I may, with His
assistance, one day so fortify it, as to become a defender of
truth and religion. After the afternoon Meeting, we drank
tea at Deborah Darby's; I felt much love towards her, and
her friend Appleby particularly; I felt gratified when she
said William Savery had mentioned me to her, and that
Rebecca Young, who was out, was sorry she could not see
me; there is little, ah, little indeed in me! When we came
home this evening, my father took me aside, and gave me
some good advice; to beware of passion and enthusiasm,
which I hope I do most earnestly pray I may, for truly they
are snares of the enemy.
3rd.-Got up late.  Heard Deborah Darby was here, and
went down; during breakfast, I felt my heart beat much; as
soon as it was over, Deborah Darby preached in a deep,
clear, and striking manner. First, she said, God would
visit us all, and did visit us; that God was a father to the
fatherless, and a mother to the motherless; my mind felt
deeply impressed by it. She then addressed me in particular; I do not remember her words, but she expressed, first, I
was, as I am, sick of the world; and looked higher, (and I
believe I do,) and that I was to be dedicated to my God, and
should have peace in this world, and glory everlasting in the
world to come. Could more satisfaction be given? let me
be thankful; I really cried, and I think never felt such
inward encouragement. Let me be a worthy servant of my
Master who is in heaven. May I, Oh! may I do right.
My father has given me leave to stay till Fourth-day morning: kind he truly is. He spoke to me again this morning. I




62         LIFE OF ELIZAB XTH FRY.    [1798.
feel myself highly favoured, is all I can say; and may my
heart bow before its Maker, now and evermore! After they
all went, I came and wrote my journal, and sat with cousin
Priscilla, and we read till dinner. After that, we sat againi
together with the children, and went on with some letters,
interesting to me, from that young woman (E. Rathbone) to
Richard Reynolds. This afternoon I was at the Darbys. I
have felt, as it were, tinctured with the goodness of those I
have been with; but little, I own. Oh, my inward temptations, shall I ever overcome you! Priscilla Gurney I feel
my constant little friend, dearly indeed do I love her.
4th.-After tea, we went to the Darbys, accompanied by
my dear friend Richard Reynolds, and still dearer Priscilla
Gurney. We had spent a pleasant evening, when my heart
began to feel itself silenced before God, and without looking
at others, I found myself under the shadow of His wing,
and I soon discovered that the rest were in the same state:
I was persuaded that it must be that which I felt. After
sitting a time in awful silence, Rebecca Young spoke most
beautifully, she touched my heart, and I felt melted and
bowed before my Creator. Deborah Darby then spoke;
what she said was excellent, she addressed part of it to me;
I only fear she says too much of what I am to be. A light
to the blind; speech to the dumb; and feet to the lame; can
it be? She seems as if she thought I was be to a minister of
Christ. Can I ever be one? If I am obedient, I believe,
I shall.
How wonderfully was Elizabeth Gurney, in after life, led,
by an invisible hand, to fulfil the mission which was thus,
under the inspiring influence of heavenly love, foreshadowed
on the spirit of this nursing mother in Israel 
Merridon 5th.-I rose this morning about five o'clock: I
did not feel so much as I expected leaving Colebrook Dale.
There is a mountain for me to climb over, there is sacrifice
for me to make; before I am favoured with faith, virtue, and




1798.]    LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                   63
assurance of immortality.  I feel it would appear so like
conformity to the opinions of others, to alter just after being
with these Friends; but I think that it is a time to do so, for
strength and courage have been given me.  This day I have
said thee instead of you; but still go on soberly and with
consideration.
Uoventry, 6tl. —I rose in good time to write to Priscilla
Gurney, and felt in a state of darkness and discouragement
about my language, but I am happy to say my mind again
feels clear.  I dare not draw back.  I hope to continue in
the habit with spirit, and if by yesterday week I have kept
up to it, and then feel discouraged, I may give it up. I
felt saying thee very difficult to-day to Mrs.  -, but I
perceived it was far more so after I sang to them. I altogether get on pretty well, but doubts came into my mind
this morning; yet were I not to persevere I should, I believe,
feel unhappy in it.  How shall I say thee to HI - in
Norwich! It will, I think, make me lose all my dissipation
of character, and be a guard upon my tongue.
-Earlhagm, 9tlh. —My father, Kitty, and myself set out early
this morning for Newmarket.  When I was there, I saw
Henry B:; my sensation was odd when I saw him, for I
took to my heels and ran away.  I thought I could not get
courage to address him in the plain language; but after I
collected myself, I did it without much difficulty. How easy
it has been made to me!  [By what nice degrees I have
entered it, but I believe the hardest part is to come; I have
felt the advantage of it, though at times in a dark and discouraging state.  It makes me think before I speak, and
avoid saying much, and also avoid the spirit of gaiety and
flirting.
It is evident that Elizabeth Gurney returned from this
excursion with a mind strongly impressed by the conviction
that the path of duty, designed for her by her Heavenly
Father, was clearly marked, as that which involved her




64         LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.              [1798.
adoption of the habits and language of Friends.  Had she
resisted this conviction, she could never have been employed
by the Lord, as an ambassador for Christ, declaring effectually the message of His salvation..Earlham, 10th. —We arrived last night from our long, and
in some respects, delightful journey. So far from hurting me,
I hope it will act as a fresh stimulus to virtue and religion;
at least it should; I have had some bright and clear times
that should not be forgotten.  I felt quite in a flutter, expecting H-.  and Dr. Alderson to dinner: they came;
and I had little difficulty in saying thee;-so do such evils
vanish, if duty support us. In the afternoon, I had a very
serious talk with KIitty about my being a Friend. She
thinks that my judgment is too young and inexperienced to
be able to keep up any particular opinions; she may be
right. I am willing to give up the company of Friends and
their books, if she request it; but I do firmly believe my
mind will never be easy or happy unless I am a Quaker.
On being again settled at home, Elizabeth Gurney resumed
her usual habits of self-occupation and usefulness to others;
visiting and relieving the poor, both at Earlham, and in
Norwich, especially the sick, reading the Bible to them, and
instructing their children.  Her school, too, gradually increased from the small beginning of one little boy, to so
great a number, that her teaching them in the house became
inconvenient, and a vacant laundry was appropriated to this
purpose. She had, at last, above seventy scholars, without
assistance, without monitors, without even the almost countless books and pictures of the present day; how she controlled the wills, and fixed the attention, of so many unruly
children, must ever remain a mystery to those who have not
the gift which she possessed of influencing the minds of
others.
Nor was her attention confined to the poor: where any
little kindness seemed needed, there she delighted to offer it;




1798.]      LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                 65
We have no exact knowledge of the time when she became
a Friend in outward appearance. She was slow in adopting
the costume; she first laid aside all ornament, then she chose
quiet and inconspicuous colours, and had her dresses made
with perfect simplicity. Her journal continues14th.-I know I am not able to judge, and all I pray for
is, faith, humility and patience; and I hope, if ill or well,
to do the will of God. May, oh, may I! is the inmost prayer
of my heart.  I must try not to fear; what will not faith do
for us! It would lead us to all happiness; but works are
required, and I believe true faith hardly attainable without
them.
27th.-This evening I have been doing exercises, and singing with them; my mind feels very clear to-night and my
body much better. I have been thinking about singing, I
hope in that, as in everything else, to do what is right.  I
cannot say I feel it wrong to sing to my own family, it is
sweet and right to give them pleasure. I do not approve of
singing in company, as it leads to vanity and dissipation of
mind; but that I believe I have no occasion to do, as dear
Rachel does not request it, for she does not like it herself.
I should be sorry quite to give up singing, as the gift of
nature, and on her account; as long as it does not lead me
from what is right, I need not fear.
29th.-I have much enjoyed the company of my dear boy
Sammy this evening. I think we shall always feel much
love for each other; young as he is, I love him particularly.
Afterwards we received a letter from dear Priscilla Gurney.
October 5th. —In the evening a fiddler came, we all had
a dance. I had the tooth-ache, and so far from its making
me merry, it made me grave. I do not feel satisfaction in
dancing.
6th. —This morning I awoke not comfortable, the subject
of dancing came strongly before my mind.  Totally declining it as a matter of pleasure, I do not mind, only as I am
9




66         LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.    [1798.
situated with the others I find it difficult; the question is,
if these may not be scruples of my own forming, that I may
one day repent of? The bottom of my heart is inclined to
Quakerism, but I know what imagination can do. I believe
the formation of my mind is such, that it requires the bonds
and ties of Quakerism to fit it for immortality. I feel it a
very great blessing being so little in the company of superior, fascinating Quakers; because it makes me act freely,
and look to the only true Judge, for what is right for me to
do. The next question I ask myself is, am I sufficiently
clear, that dancing is wrong, to give it up? because I know
much precaution is quite necessary.  I believe I may, if 1
like, make one more trial, and judge again how I feel; but
I must reflect upon it, determining to give it up, if I think
right. I wish to make it a subject of very serious reflection,
hoping, as usual, to do right; it will hurt them much I fear,
but time, I believe, will take that off, if they see me more
happy, and better for it. Let me redouble all kindness to
them. Catherine seems to wish I would give up my correspondence with Anna Savery, which I think I may do. This
day has been very comfortable in most respects, though I
have not done much.  I have finished my letter to my dear
cousin Priscilla, and that to Mrs. -; but I cannot feel
quite easy to send it, without first speaking to my father,
for I do believe it is my duty to make him my friend in all
things; though I think it probable, he will discourage me
in writing to my friend Sophy, yet never keep anything from
him; but let me be an open, true, kind, and dutiful daughter to him, whilst life is in my body.
12th.-I have many great faults, but I have some dispositions which I should be most thankful for. I believe I feel
much for my fellow-creatures; though I think I mostly see
into the minds of those I associate with, and am apt to
satirise their weaknesses; yet I don't remember ever being
any time with one who was not extremely disgusting, but I
felt a sort of love for them, and I do hope I would sacrifice




1799.]      LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                67
my life for the good of mankind. My mind is too much
like a looking-glass-objects, of all kinds, are easily reflected
in it, whilst present, but when they go, their reflection is
gone also. I have a faint idea of many things, a strong
idea of a few; therefore my mind is cultivated badly. I
have many straggling, but not many connected ideas. I
have the materials to form good in my mind, but I am not a
sufficiently good artificer to unite them properly together,
and make a good consistence; for in some parts, I am too
hard, in others, too soft. I hope and believe the great
Artificer is now at work, that if I join my power to the only
One who is able to conduct me aright, I may one day
be better than I am.
17th. —My journal has not gone on well of late: partly
owing to my going out, and having people in this room, now
there is a fire; I dislike going out; what my mind wants,
is peace and quiet. The other night, as I was alone in a
carriage, a fine starlight night, I thought, what is it I want?
how I overflow with the blessings of this world; I have true
friends, as many as I wish for; good health, a happy home,
with all that riches can give, and yet all these are nothing
without a satisfied conscience. At times I feel satisfied, but
I have not reason to feel so often.... This afternoon
I have much to correct, I feel proud, vain, and disagreeable;
not touched with the sweet humility of Christianity; nor is
my heart enlightened by its happy doctrines. I have now
two things heavily weighing on my mind-dancing and
singing, so sweet and so pretty do they seem; but as surely
as I do either, so surely does a dark cloud come over my
mind. It is not only my giving up these things, but I am
making the others miserable, and laying a restraint upon
their pleasures. In the next place, Am I sure I am going
upon a good foundation? if I am doing right, God will
protect me and them also. If I am doing wrong, what
foundation do I stand upon? None: then all to me is
nothing. Let me try to take my thoughts from this world,




68         LIFE OF ELIZABETH FRY.                [1798.
and look to the only true Judge. I believe singing to be so
natural, that I may try it a little longer: but I do think
dancing may be given up. What particularly led me to this
state, was our having company, and I thought I must sing;
I sang a little, but did not stay with them during the playing.
My mind continued in a state of some agitation, and I did
not-sleep till some time after I was in bed.
19th.-My nmind feels more this morning, if anything,
than it did last night. Can such feelings be my own putting
on? they seem to affect my whole frame, mental and bodily;
they cannot be myself, for if I were to give worlds, I could
not remove them; they truly make me shake.  When I look
forwards I think I can see, if I have strength to do as they
direct, I shall be another person: sorrow, I believe, will
remove to be replaced by joy; then let me now act! My
best method of conduct will be to tell Rachel how I am
situated in mind, and then ask her what she would advise;
and be very kind and tell her the true state of the case. Is
it worth while to continue in so small a pleasure for so much
pain?  The pleasure is nothing to me, but it is a grand step
to take in life.-I have been and spoken to Rachel, saying I
think I must give up singing. It is astonishing the total
change that has taken place; from misery I am now come to
joy; I felt ill before, I now feel well-thankful should I be
for being directed, and pray to keep up always to that direction. After having spoken to my darling Rachel where I
fear I said too much, I rode to Norwich after some poor
people: I went to see many, and added my mite to their
comfort. Nothing I think could exceed the kindness of my
dear Rachel. Though I have no one here to encourage me
in Quakerism, I believe I must be one before I am content.
7th Deceember. —I have had a letter to say my dear friend
William Savery is arrived safely in America.  Kitty and I
have been having a long talk together this evening upon
sects; we both seem to think them almost necessary.  It is
long since I have what I call truly written my journal;




1798.]     LIFE OF ELIZABETHI   RY.                69
writing my journal, is to me expressing the feelings of my
heart during the day; I have partly given it up from the
coldness of the weather, and not having a snug fire to sit by.
I wish now, as I have opportunity, to look a little into the
present situation of my heart; that is the advantage of writing a true journal,-it leads the mind to look inwards. Of
late I do not think I have been sufficiently active, but have
rather given way to a dilatory spirit. I have been reading
Watts's Logic, it tells me how ill-regulated are my thoughts,
they ramble truly! Regularity of thought and deed is what
I much want; I appear to myself to have almost a confusion
of ideas, which leads to a confusion of actions; I want order;
I believe it difficult to obtain, but yet with perseverance attainable. The first way to obtain it, appears to me, to try to
prevent my thoughts from rambling, and to keep them as
steadily as possible to the object in view. True religion is
what I seldom feel, nor do I sufficiently try after it, by really
seeking devotion; I do not warmly seek it, I am sure, nor
do I live in the fear of an all-wise Being, who watches over
us; I seldom look deep enough, but dwell too much on the
surface of things, and let my ideas float.  Such is my state.
I can't tell how I feel exactly: —at times all seems to me
mystery; "when I look at the heavens, the work of Thy
fingers, the moon and the stars which Thou hast ordained,
what is man that Thou art mindful of him, or the son of
man that Thou visitest him?"  Thou must exist, oh God 
for the heavens declare Thy glory, and the firmament showeth Thy handy-work.
8th. —Since dinner I have read much Logic and enjoyed
it; it is interesting to me, and may, I think, with attention,
do me good. Reading Watts, impresses deeply on my mind
how very careful I should be of judging; how much I should
consider, before I speak or form an opinion; how careful I
should be not to let my mind be tinged throughout, with
one reigning subject, to try not to associate ideas; but judge
of things according to the evidence they give to my mind




70          LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.    [1799.
of their own worth.  My mind is like a pair of scales that
are not inclined to balance equally; at least when I begin
to form a judgment, and try to hold the balance equally, as
soon as I perceive one scale is at all heavier than the other,
I am apt at once to let it fall on that side; forgetting what
remains in the other scale, which, though lighter, should not
be forgotten.  For instance, I look at a character, at first I
try to judge calmly and truly; but if I see more virtues
than vices, I am apt soon to like that character so much,
that I like its weaknesses also, and forget they are weaknesses.  The same if evil may preponderate, I forget the
virtues.
12th. —This day finished with a dance. If I could make
a rule never to give way to vanity, excitement, or flirting, I
do not think I should object to dancing; but it always leads
me into some one of these faults; indeed, I never remember
dancing without feeling one, if not a little of all the three,
and sometimes a great deal. But as my giving it up would
hurt many, it should be one of those things I part with most
carefully.
30th.-I went to Meeting in the morning and afternoon;
both times rather dark; but I have been a little permitted to
see my own state, which is the greatest favour I can ask for
at present; to know what I should do, and to be assisted in
my duties: for it is hard, very hard, to act right, at least I
find it so.  But there is the comfortable consideration, that
God is merciful and full of compassion, He is tender over
His children. I had a satisfactory time with my girls and
boys.
January 4th, 1799. — Most of this morning I spent in Norwich, seeing after the poor; I do little for them, and I do
not like it should appear that I do much.  I must be most
guarded, and tell those who know I do charity that I am
only my father's agent. A plan, at least a duty, that I have
felt for some time, I will now mention.  I have been trying
to overcome fear; my method has been to stay in the dark,




1798.]    LIFE OF ELIZABETH FRY.                    71
and at night to go into those rooms not generally inhabited;
there is a strange propensity in the human mind to fear in
the dark, there is a sort of dread of something supernatural;
I tried to overcome that, by considering that, as far as I
believed in ghosts, so far I must believe in a state after
death, and it must confirm my belief in the Spirit of God;
therefore, if I try to act right, I have no need to fear the
directions of Infinite Wisdom. I do not turn away such
things as some do; I believe nothing impossible to God,
and He may have used spirits as agents for purposes beyond
our conceptions; I know they can only come when He
pleases, therefore we need not fear them.  But my most
predominant fear is that of thieves; and I find that still
more difficult to overcome, but faith would cure that also,
for God can equally protect us from man as from spirit.
8th.-My father not appearing to like all my present
doings, has been rather a cloud over my mind this day:
there are few, if any, in the world I love so well; I am not
easy to do what he would not like, for I think I could sacrifice almost anything for him, I owe him so much, I love him
so much.
I have been reading Watts on Judgment this afternoon;
it has led me into thought, and particularly upon the evidence I have to believe in religion.  The first thing that
strikes me, is the perception we all have, of being under a
power superior to human. I seldom feel this so much as
when unwell; to see how pain can visit me, and how it is
taken away. Work for ever, we could not create life.
There must be a cause to produce an effect. The next
thing that strikes me, is good and evil, virtue and vice,
happiness and unhappiness-these are acknowledged to be
linked together? virtue produces good; vice evil; of course
the Power that allows this, shows approbation of virtue.
Thirdly, Christianity seems also to have its clear evidences,
even to my human reason. My mind has not been convinced by books; but what little faith I have, has been confirmed by reading the holy writers themselves.




72         LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.            [1799.
27t1. —I have had, in many respects, comfortable Meetings: only my thoughts too giddy, dwelling too much on what
pleased me yesterday; they have, I am sorry to say, been
occupied with old subjects, such as dress, and a little flirting,
I fear. I have enjoyed my little party as usual, who are
now, when complete, fifteen in number. What path I shall
go in life, is hidden from my view. May I go in that in
which I ought to go! Do not forget how much more tempting it is to choose the easiest, and yet do not enter difficulties
for difficulty's sake. Try to be led by no person, but by my
own conscience.
29th.-I am in a doubtful state of mind. I think my
mind is timid, and my affections strong, which may be partly
the cause of my being so much inclined to Quakerism; in
the first place, my affections were worked upon, in receiving
the first doctrines of religion through a Quaker; therefore
it is likely they would put on that garb in my mind. In the
next place, my timidity may make me uncomfortable, in
erring from principles that I am so much inclined to adopt;
so far I should be on my guard, and I hope not to forget
what I have just mentioned. But yet, I think the only true
standard I can have to direct myself by, is that which experience proves to give me the most happiness, by enabling
me to be more virtuous: I believe there is something in the
mind, or in the heart, that shows its approbation when we do
right. I give myself this advice: do not fear truth, let it
be ever so contrary to inclination and feeling.
February 7t.- I read much this morning in St. Basil,
which is to me excellent, interesting, and beautiful. He
advises a constant thanksgiving for the many blessings we
enjoy, and that we should not grumble at the evils we are
subject to; how much more cause have I for thankfulness
than sorrow! I seldom give thanks for the many blessings
that surround me. St. Basil beautifully says, "' we should
not eat, we should not drink, without giving thanks to God."
14th. —I hope I have from experience gained a little.  I




179.9.]    LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                73
am much of a Friend in my principles at this time, but do
not outwardly appear much so; I say "thee" to people, and
do not dress very gay, but yet I say "Mr." and "Mrs.,"
wear a turban, &c., &c. I have one remark to make; every
step I have taken towards Quakerism has given me satisfaction.
18th.-I feel I must not despair: I consider I first brought
sceptical opinions upon myself, and it is only what is due to
me that they should now hurt me. I hope I do not much
murmur at the decrees of the Almighty: and can I expect,
who am so faulty, to be blessed with entire faith? Let me
once more try and pray, that the many evil roots in my own
mind may be eradicated. I had altogether a pretty good
day, rather too much vanity at being mistress at home, and
having to entertain many guests.
24th.-What feeling so cheering to the human mind as
religion! what thankfulness should I feel to God! I have
great reason to believe Almighty God is directing my mind
to the haven of peace, at least I[ feel that I am guided by a
Power not my own. How dark was my mind for some days!
How heavy! I saw duties to be performed that even struck
me as foolish. I took courage and tried to follow the
directions of this voice; I felt enlightened, even happy.
Again I erred, again I was in a cloud; I once more tried,
and again I felt brightened.
25th.-This time last year, I was with my dear friend
William Savery, at Westminster Meeting. I can only thank
fully admire, when I look back to about that time, the gentle
leadings my soul has had, from the state of great darkness
it was in; how suddenly did the light of Christianity burst
upon my mind. I have reason to believe in religion from
my own experience, and what foundation so solid to build
my hopes upon; may I gain from the little experiences I
have been blessed with, may I encourage the voice of truth,
and may I be a steady and virtuous combatant in the service
of God. Such I think I may truly say is my most ardent
10




74         LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.            [1799
prayer. But God, who is omnipresent, knows my thoughts
knows my wishes, and my many, many feelings; may
conclude with saying, "' cleanse thou me from secret faults.'
28t. —We have had company most part of the day. I
have had an odd feeling. Uncle Joseph, and many gay ones,
were here; I had a sort of sympathy with him. I feel to
have been so much off my guard, that if tempted, I should
have done wrong. I now hear them singing. How much
my natural heart does love to sing: but if I give way to the
ecstacy that singing sometimes produces in my mind, it
carries me far beyond the centre; it increases all the wild
passions, and works on enthusiasm. Many say and think it
leads to religion; it may lead to emotions of religion, but
true religion appears to me to be in a deeper recess of the
heart; where no earthly passion can produce it.
March lst.-There is going to be a dance-What am I
to do?  As far as I can see, I believe, if I find it very
necessary to their pleasure, I may do it, but not for my own
gratification. Remember, don't be vain, if it be possible,
dance little.
I began to dance in a state next to pain of mind; when I
had danced four dances, I was trying to pluck up courage to
tell Rachel I wished to give it up for the evening; it seemed
as if she looked into my mind, for she came up to me at that
minute in the most tender manner, and begged me to leave
off, saying she would contrive without me; I suppose she
saw in my countenance the state of my mind. I am not
half kind enough to her, I often make sharp remarks to her,
and in reality there are none of my sisters to whom I owe so
much; I must think of her as my nurse; she would suffer
much to comfort me; may she, oh God! be blessed; wouldest
Thou, oh wouldest Thou, let her see her right path, whatever that may be, and wilt thou enable her to keep up to her
duty, in whatever line it may lead. Let this evening be a
lesson to me, not to be unkind to her any more. I think I
should feel more satisfaction in not dancing; but such things




1799.]     LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                 75
must be left very much to the time.  IHow very much do I
wish for their happiness; that they may be blessed in every
way, is what I pray for to the Great Director; but all is
guided in wisdom, and I believe, as a family, we have much
to be thankful for, both for bodily and mental blessings.
4th. —I hope the day has passed without many faults.
John is just come in to ask me to dance in such a kind way,oh dear me! I am now acting clearly differently from them
all. Remember this, as I have this night refused to dance
with my dearest brother, I must, out of kindness to him, not
be tempted by any one else. Have mercy, oh God! have
mercy upon me! and let me act right, I humbly pray Thee;
wilt Thou love my dearest, most dear brothers and sisters,
wilt thou protect us? Dear John! I feel much for him,
such as these are home strokes, but I had far rather have
them if indeed guided by Supreme Wisdom; for then I need
not fear.  I know that not dancing will not lead me to do
wrong, and I fear dancing does; though the task is hard on
their account, I hope I do not mind the pain myself. I
feel for them, but if they see in time that I am happier for
it, I think they will no longer lament over me. I will go to
them as soon as they have done, try to be cheerful and to
show them I love them, for I do most truly, particularly
John. I think I might talk a little with John, and tell him
how I stand, for it is much my wisest plan to keep truly
intimate with them all; make them my first friends. I do
not think I ever love them so well as at such times as these.
I should fully express my love for them, and how nearly it
touches my heart, acting differently to what they like. These
are truly great steps to take in life, but I may expect support under them.
16th.-I know I want correction, for these few days past
I have not gone on well, a sort of coldness, darkness, and
uncertainty, that will sometimes take possession of the mind;
it is I believe much owing to a want of vigilance and activity
on my part, and it does not always please the Almighty to




76        LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.               [1799.
enlighten us equally. I am a very negligent being. If, as
Deborah Darby said to me, I will do as far as I know to be
right, I may one day be a light to the blind, feet to the lame,
&c., &c. Shall such a state ever be mine? If there be any
chance of such a thing, I should labour for it. I think the
time I spent at Colebrook Dale one of the happiest, if not
the happiest time of my life. I think my feelings that night,
at Deborah Darby's, were the most exalted I ever remember.
I, in a manner, was one of the beginners of the Meeting;
suddenly my mind felt clothed with light, as with a garment,
and I felt silenced before God; I cried with the heavenly
feeling of humility and repentance. Then, when I was in
this awful state, there were two sermons preached, one telling
me to get the pearl of great price; and the other telling me
what I might expect, even happiness in this world, and
everlasting happiness in the one to come. But that silence
which first took possession of my mind, exceeded all the
rest.
At this time, Elizabeth adopted the numerical style of
dates.
Fourth Month, 6th.-I have not done a great deal to-day,
and yet I hope I have not been idle: I try to do right now
and then, but by no means constantly. I could not recover
the feeling of being hurt at rejecting, I suppose, the voice of
my mind, last night, when I sang so much; they were not, I
believe, feelings of my own making, for it was my wish to
enjoy singing without thinking it wrong.
7th. —I have hopes the day may come when Norwich
Meeting will prosper and be enlivened again, from a state
of cloudiness.  In the afternoon, I went with them to hear
a person preach at the Baptists' Meeting: I felt afraid of
setting my own opinions up, and being uncharitable. It did
not seem to suit me like our silent method of worship, and
the prayers and sermon did not make their way into the




1799.]     LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                 77
heart, as those of our Friends do; but it is likely I should
feel that, as I have much love for my own Society. Uncle
Joseph was here in the evening, and he seemed rather surprised at my going to hear Kinghorn.  I had an interesting
time with my young flock, I fear I might say rather too
much to them; mayst Thou, oh Father! preserve them, for
without Thy aid my efforts are ineffectual; mayst Thou
make me an instrument in leading them to true virtue, and
may the day come when Thou wilt call them to everlasting joy.
15th.-I had, for my poor wandering thoughts, a satisfactory Meeting; partly owing to being nervous, for it leads me
to cast my care upon the Lord. I went to Bedlam, and felt
glad to see the poor Melton woman going on well.  If comfort be once permitted to enter her heart, it will be a cause
of true pleasure to me, and I hope of gratitude to the Allwise Director; but He knows better than I what is for her
good. To-day, at Meeting, I felt such a relief in the thought
that God knows all our thoughts, all our temptations, and
that IHe knows also how much power we have to overcome
them: for I felt I could not have a just estimate of my own
self.
22ncd.-I have read a good deal of Lavater's journal, and
have felt sympathy with him. I like the book, as it reminds
me of my duty. I hope that I shall have more steady reliance upon God; more regularity of mind; less volatility of
thought. To have my heart pure in the sight of Thee, who
knowest and seest all my weaknesses, all my defects; God
have mercy on me, I pray Thee! mayst thou find in me a
faithful servant, abounding in good works; may my whole
heart say truly, " Thy will be done!" may I ever, with all my
heart, say the Lord's prayer.  Thou knowest my wishes, oh
God; Thou knowest them!
24th.-I awoke with good resolutions, wishing to obtain
that peaceful state of mind, of feeling myself humbly trying
to do the will of the Almighty; I took good resolves, but
my nature seems not in the mind to act up to them. I feel




78          LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.            [1799.
to have too much volatility of thought to keep that watch so
necessary about my thoughts, words, and actions.  I do not
think this has been a bad day; part of it very satisfactory,
particularly teaching three little girls. How little the feelings
of my heart seem under my own power; I feel them like my
body, under another power; yet mankind do not seem willing to allow that God is the Governor and Director of the
heart, though they mostly acknowledge, it is He who guides
all outward circumstances; we find we have inward and outward evil to combat, but we have a power within ourselves,
that will much alleviate the many evils we are subject to.
28th.-I then had a very satisfactory evening with my
dear Sam; how do I love that dear boy-may he do well! I
am inclined to think the day will come, when we shall see
him a religious character.
Fifth ]Month, 1st. —Even acting right will sometimes bring
dissensions in a family, as it says in the Testament; we must
not be discouraged even when that is our lot, for whatever
may be our situation, if we strictly adhere to that which we
believe to be our duty, we need not fear, but rest steadily
upon Him who can and will support us. I often observe how
much weakness of body seems to humble the mind; illness
is of great benefit to us, as I have found from experience, if
we try to make good use of it; it leads us to see our own
weakness and debility, and to look to a stronger for support.
So I believe it may be with the mind; dark and gloomy
states are allowed to come upon it that we may know our
own insufficiency, and place our dependence upon a Higher
Power.
16th.-I have not done much to-day, partly owing to
talking a walk to Melton, and company this afternoon. I am
sorry to say, imperceptibly my mind gets wrapped up in the
Election.  I must take care, or I think I shall be off my
guard, and I do think if 1 become so warm in it, I shall find
it better to go out of the way; and may perhaps go to
London Yearly Meeting. But why not try to command amy




1799.]     LIFE  OF ELIZABETH FRY.                   79
mind at home?  I intend to try, but in such cases as this, it
is difficult to act a negative character; for even such a body
as I am, might, I believe, get many votes amongst the poor:
but yet I feel as if it were giving to the poor with an expectation of return from them to ask for their votes.  Still, if
the cause be such, as may be of use in tending to abolish the
war (for every member in the House carries some weight),
is it not right to be anxious to get any one, who opposes war,
into it?  " Many a little makes a mickle."
27th.-At last this long-wished - for, expected day has
arrived; it has been one of real bustle. Before we went to
Norwich, I was much affected to hear of the death of poor
Betty Pettet, and it moved me. Let death come in any way,
how very affecting it is i We went to Norwich, and then
entered its tumults.  I have not been so very, very much
interested; I might have acted pretty well, if pride, vanity,
and shame had not crept in; we lost the Election, which is
certainly a very great blank, but we soon get over such
matters, and it convinces me, the less public matters are
entered into the better, they do not suit us; keep to our own
sphere, and do not go out of its bounds.
Seventh JAionth, 12th.-This day has not been idle, but not
religious. I was most part of the morning at Norwich; in
the afternoon, I settled accounts; and in the evening, cut
out clothes for the poor.  I don't think I have looked into
the Testament, or written my journal to-day; it leads me to
remember what uncle Joseph said to me the other day, after
relating or reading to me the history of Mary, who anointed
our Saviour with the precious ointment, and His disciples
said she might have sold it, and given to the poor, but Christ
said, "The poor ye have always with you, but me ye have
not always;" now I thought, as uncle Joseph remarked, I
might this evening have spent too much time about the poor,
that should have been spent about better things.
In the Seventh lM\ionth, John Gurney travelled into the




80         LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.    [1799.
North of England, accompanied by his daughters Elizabeth
and Priscilla, and his son Samuel. They attended the
General Meeting at the school at Ackworth: this interested
Elizabeth, from bringing her into communication with
several Friends.
The travellers afterwards visited Sheepwash, an estate on
the beautiful banks of the Wanspeck, at that time belonging
to John Gurney; they extended their journey to Edinburgh,
and returned home, paying a few visits on their way.
On the day when they set out on this tour is the next
entry in Elizabeth's journal.
Lynn, Seventh  Mionth, 28th. —This was one of the very
bustling mornings, to which Earlham is subject, on any of
the family leaving home. We had a quiet sort of a journey
here, and though I felt sorry, yet I am now glad to be
away from home, as we have lately had so much bustle, and
I know I have so little cultivated or encouraged a religious
state of mind; indeed I have been in a darkish state of late,
sadly erring from the path of right; and I appeared to have
gone so far out of it, that I could not get into it again, till
temptation was a little lessened, which I hope it will be this
journey. I think it probable, I shall be more stimulated
in the right, than in the wrong path.
Peterborough, 29th, 17irst-day.-We went to Meeting
this morning: and since have been travelling.
30th. —We had a long day's journey; I hope it has been
my object, at least, to try to act right.  The propriety of
saying "thou" has lately struck me: if I think it right to
say it, I hope I shall be able, though any alteration of speech
is very difficult to make.
Ackworth, Eighth Mlonth, lst.-To-day what is called
the General Meeting began; we first had a Meeting of worship, which was rather agreeable: after which we dined
with a very large party in the boy's dining-room at the
School; as I was wandering about in the bustle, I went into




1799.]     LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                81
the plain Friends' room, (which I often did,) where I had not
been very long, before I felt myself fall into silence before
God, which the rest of the party appeared to do also; we
had not sat long before a ministering Friend began to
preach to me. I was much affected; then a dear aged minister
also said something to me; may I profit by such refreshing
times. At four o'clock, the Women's Meeting met; I,
amongst a great number, was chosen one of the Committee
to examine the children, school and household:        (a female
preacher from America) appeared to me to hold rather too
high a hand. After Meeting, we examined the bed-rooms,
which I thought in good order, and talked a little to --
(the preacher just alluded to.)
2nd.-I arose about six to go to the School to hear
the girls spell, which I was pleased with, but should have
liked to have questioned them more myself. After that, we
breakfasted; then met in the Committee, to fix a little the
plans we should go upon.  I and Sarah Cockfield were
mentioned to go and attend to the Grammar School; I said
that I had only a slight knowledge of grammar.  We then
went to the Grammar School; the writing, ciphering, working, mending, spinning, knitting, and sewing, all which I
liked much, and thought, upon the whole, they did very well
indeed; we then examined parts of the house; after which
we dined, and at three o'clock met to hear the report of the
Committee; I forgot that before dinner, we met at twelve
o'clock to draw up the report of what we thought of the proceedings of the School.  It was some time before any one
would speak; Friends were begging the Committee to say
what they thought, but in vain, till I think    - broke the
ice, and encouraged the young people to say what they
thought; for they had been requested before. As it appeared to me it was delaying the Meeting, I took courage
(as I thought it was more right than wrong) to speak; and
said what I thought of the grammar and ciphering; I felt
glad I had done it, though I trembled at doing it, not a
1




82          LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.             [1799.
little. Towards the latter part of the sitting, I was pointedly
asked what I thought of their spelling, which I said; and
also that I did not think they attended to the words of one,
so well as to those of many syllables. After the M5eetings,
I was encouraged in what I had done, by salutations from
the Friends, H. B. and E. C. After dinner, we met again
and heard the report they had written to bring into the
men.  I thought the Meeting paid rather too much deference to 1-I. B., in delaying the Meeting, because she was not
come in.  We took the report to the men; I own my body
and mind longed impatiently to have Meeting over.  After
tea I entered into talk with. I mentioned dear William Savery: we went and sat in the Doctor's room, where
was Thomas Scattergood, whom, though I do not think he
spoke, yet I liked.
3rd.-I arose in a bustle and hurried about till the " cold
victuals" were given to the poor, which plan I did not much
like, as it seemed like showing off. --  preached to them
agreeably, after which Thomas Scattergood called us aside,
and in a little Meeting expressed the great love he felt for
me yesterday, which made it appear to me, as if there were
a sympathy of soul, and we both were guided by the same
epirit; he expressed how much he felt for me at the time I
came into Doctor Binns' room, and had then felt it on his
mind to say something to me; I also had felt a silent inclination to hear.  We then set off on our journey to York.
I have not sufficiently dwelt on the kindness of some Friends
to me, during our stay at Ackworth.  First, dear Christiana
Hustler and her daughter; Friend Messer, and many others.
May I really profit by this time.  We arrived at York to a
late dinner, and drank tea at Lindley Murray's, whom,
though I hardly spoke to, I really loved; there was also
B      1F..'s daughter, who seemed sweetly under the
guidance and influence of religion; she was to me truly
interesting, but I think I was too forward with her; I felt
my own inferiority.




1799.]     LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                83
4th. —This morning we walked about York and saw its
wonders. The Minster is a beautiful building; how much
people spend about a pious building! would they spend as
much time and trouble about their own souls? We got to
Darlington to-night. This morning, I was much pleased by
a note and present from Lindley Murray, of one of his
English Readers; it renewed my feelings of love towards
him.
5th.-We were at both Meetings at Darlington to-day; I
was much pleased with the Friends there, and their appearance of unity and hospitality.  We reached Durham tonight; I was interested with the beautiful scenery on enter-.ing the town.
6th. —Arrived at Newcastle in a hard rain. Was in a bad
storm of thunder and lightning, at the Glass-houses; altogether my mind was calm.
7th.-Much bustle and fatigue in walking. about Newcastle, seeing different sights; we arrived at Sheepwash tonight.
8th.-This morning, we spent in riding about my father's
estate, which is a beautiful place; I had rather an exertion
of courage in riding an unruly horse.
9th,.-Walked with  ----   C —— to Broom Park.  I
must beware of my proud, vain self.
OtK. —We spent the day, till about five, at Broom Park;
I do not like myself in that sort of company, I am almost
sure to lose ground by a sort of foolish wish to please every
body; I do not absolutely deviate from my character; but I
enter, as far as I can, into the character of those I am with,
and unintentionally give up more than I should. We went
from thence to Alnwidk Castle, belonging to the Duke of
Northumberland, a very magnificent place; but seeing such
places never leads me to wish for high life, for, after all, are
the possessors happier, if so happy as others? the only true
and lasting source of happiness is an easy conscience.
Edlinyton, Scotland, llth.-We saw to-day a very beau



84         LIFE  OF ELIZABETH FRY.              [1799.
tiful view, Peese Bridge, nature and art are so finely united;
there is sea, land, wood, waterfall, mountain, valley, and a
bridge, I should say more than two hundred feet high.
Shields, 19th.-I am sorry it is so long since I wrote my
journal. We have been to Edinburgh, which is a city well
worth seeing for its beauty and curiosity. There was an
American Friend who put me much in mind of dear William
Savery. We again went to Broom Park, where we were
most hospitably received.  On Second-day evening, on our
way from Edinburgh, I was rather nervous. I feel, I am
sorry to say, little progress in the path of virtue: keeping
up that watch and dependence upon God is so difficult; it is
hard work to look only to the true source in our hearts, we
are so apt to wish to save ourselves that trouble, and to look
to inferior sources. I believe talking much on the subject
has not a good effect, for it leads us to an outward rather
than deeply inward feeling; it is hard work really to dig
deep; I seem to have so many faults or errors encamped
round about me, they are out of my power to overcome
alone; but can I not do it with looking to God for assistance?
_Earlham, 29th.-On Third-day evening, we arrived safely
at home, after altogether a pleasant journey.
NJinth Month, 13th.-This morning I awoke with a cloud
over me, and so I must expect both to wake and sleep, if I
do not try more completely to do the will of God. I dare
not take resolutions, as I know now I cannot keep up to
them.
17th.- I feel a comfortable state of mind, not so inclined
to be off my guard as sometimes, I know it is not owing to
myself; but being so, should be a cause of gratitude.
This evening I did a thing I felt I had to repent of, but
it has at least made me clear upon the subject; as they were
singing and playing, they begged me to sing, and I did it,
but I felt far more pain than pleasure from doing it. A
really uneasy mind was my portion the rest of the evening.




1799.]    LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                  85
18th. —This morning I went to Meeting, and fully felt
my weakness; but I have found myself to-day and yesterday
a little under the influence of religion, which is a blessed
thing.  I had much palpitation at the Meeting of Discipline, because I saw some things so clearly, but being
mentioned by others, I thought I might get off giving
an opinion. I was proposed to be representative, and said
I had no objection, indeed I felt no objection on my own
part, because though I know how weak I am, yet even
the weak should not fear to exert the little power they
have: and I do feel interested for the Society, and, for
the most part, approve its principles highly.
Tenth MSonth, Iset.-I feel in a state of much mental
weakness, real and true discouragement; I have little
faith, and little hope, and almost fallen, so as not to be
able to rise. [But if there be a God and a Saviour I
need not fear; for though I know and find my state of
corruption, yet I believe the warmest wish of my heart
is, to do the will of God, and to act right: I do most
truly hunger and thirst after righteousness, I find one
thing very hard to overcome, which is pride and vanity
in outward religious matters.  True religion, I believe,
will not admit of pride and vanity.  Another temptation
is, that I have too much formed in my own mind what I
think I am to be; which may outw-ardly encourage me in
a path, that nothing but the dictates of conscience should
lead me into. I am really weak in faith, and in works;
I believe, at least I have a hope, that if I exert the
little power I now have given me, the day will come when
I shall feel the power of God within me.
13th.-Narrow is the path that leadeth unto life eternal,
and few there be -that find it. There are many called,
but few chosen-for though we are blessed with being
called, yet if we follow not when we are called, and that
strictly, we do not deserve to be called the children of
God, for, as it says in the Revelation, " He that over



86         LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.    [1799.
cometh shall inherit all things, and I will be his God,
and he shall be my son."
24tht.-I feel this morning, as I have felt lately, quite in
a hurry about what I have to do; and I do not think that
that is the way to do it well; it is better to go soberly and
quietly to work about it, and not to flurry and bluster.  I
think this day has not been quite so idle, and I hope in a
little degree I may have done well. I put some things in
proper order, read history and grammar, wrote letters and
worked. I feel in rather a flat, silent state of mind. 3May
I be thankful that opportunity is offered me to spend my
time in doing something.  May pride and vanity be cast far
from me. May doing Thy will, be my constant object, oh
God! I see Thee not, for Thou art invisible, yet I have
reason to believe, I am not invisible to Thee; therefore look
upon my weakness with pity, and deign to strengthen my
lukewarm faith.
26th.-I am rather in a volatile mind this morning, and
that state which requires care.  I still feel as if I could not
act really and minutely well; a sort of lukewarless that
leads to forgetfulness; and a flying off from the centre in my
inmost heart. But weak as I am, if I exert my powers, and
in times of need pray for more, and try to turn out worldly
ideas, till I receive strength by waiting in stillness upon God,
to let His -will be done in me; I then shall find if the arm of
the Lord be sufficient for me. But I feel and know it is
much easier to write than practise; for it is hard, a very hard
matter, to wait quietly upon God; it is for the time, giving
up the world to follow Him. For though I seldom, or ever,
have found more than darkness in my own endeavours to
wait, (and how seldom I do it!) yet remember, " Ask, and it
shall be given thee, seek and thou shalt find, knock, and it
shall be opened unto thee." If I continue steady in seeking,
and will try and pray to seek more and more, the day will
come when I shall find,-let me remember this. I believe, at,
times, the door has been in mercy opened, when at the mo



1799.]     LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FBY.                  87
ment, I have not been knocking, for I have now and then
tasted the beauties of holiness;'but it appears as if it had
mostly been through others, or with others, I have felt it.
But how humbly thankful should my soul be, that my path
of conduct has so far been shown me, when I sought after it,
and that I have had my eyes anointed to see the difference
of right and wrong in my conduct; that, perhaps, is enough
for me for the present; may I be sufficiently thankful for it,
for does it not show that the Most High has not forsaken
me?
Eleventh Month, 17th, First-day.-In the evening, with
my children, I had in some respects a very comfortable time;
it was, at least, my wish to act right with them. In part of
one of the chapters, I seemed carried through to explain
something to them in a way I hardly ever did before. It
was striking the difference in my power this evening, and
this day week. This day week I tried, and tried to explain,
and the more I tried the more I seemed to blunder; and this
evening I was determined not to attempt it, unless I felt
capable, and that I did, suddenly and unexpectedly to
myself; I had a flow of ideas come one after another, in
a sweet and refreshing way. The rest of the evening was
principally spent with Hannah Scarnell, talking about my
poor mother, who died this day seven years.
26th.-Towards the latter end of yesterday evening I had
some uncomfortable mental feelings, and this morning they
really amounted to pain of mind. I believe they were deep
and inward temptations of the imagination; silent waiting
upon God seemed my only resource, and it was difficult to
do so; it was like a trial in my mind between the two
powers.  My imagination, I think, was partly set at work
by being nervous, rather more so than usual: and it requires
spiritual strength to overcome the painful workings of a
nervous imagination. There are few temptations, I believe,
so hard to overcome, as those that try to put on the appearance of duties. They are willing to represent the Spirit of




88          LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.             [1799.
truth in our hearts; at such times before I act, try quietly to
wait upon God; look to Him for help, and when things at
all appear in the light of duties, the thought of which produces agony to the soul, it requires much deliberation before
we act.
Twelfth Month, 11th.-In the afternoon I was rather
industrious.  I was uncertain whether to go to the Grove
or not, but at last I fixed to do so. In going there, I
observed the sweet states I had experienced for being obedient.  My path seemed clear, and my heart acknowledged,
"I have sought, and have found, I have knocked, and it has
been opened unto me;" it also appeared to me in how beautiful a manner things work together for good. After all this,
again myself got the victory, and I came home with a
degree of remorse, for saying upon some subjects more
than I should have said; how great a virtue is silence,
properly attended to!
At this time, Elizabeth Gurney had adopted the costume
and language of Friends; this added to her comfort, and
spared her many difficulties.  Of the truth of their principles
she had been long convinced, and had deliberately chosen
Quakerism as the future religious profession of her life.
Her mind being thus established on matters of the first
importance, was the more prepared to entertain a subject
which now claimed her consideration-proposals of marriage
from Joseph Fry; at that time engaged with his brother,
William Fry, in extensive business in London.  Her timid,
sensitive nature shrunk, at first, from  so momentous a
question, and for a time she seemed unable, or unwilling,
to encounter the responsibility. But, on the subject being
again brought before her, whilst on a visit in the neighbourhood of London, it claimed her serious consideration.
The prospect of religious association in Joseph Fry's family,
and of residing among Friends, offered great and strong in
ducements to her to yield to his solicitations.




1800.]    LIFE OF ELIZABETH  r  Y.                   89
The following entry in her journal evinces her anxious
desire to be rightly guided in this important concern.
Tweyfth Month, 12th. —I believe the true state of my mnind
is as follows. I have, almost ever since I have been a little
under the influence of religion, thought marriage at this
time, was not a good thing for me; as it might lead my
interests and affections from that Source in which they
should be centered, and also, if I have any active duties to
perform in the church, if I really follow, as far as I am able,
the voice of Truth in my heart; are they not rather incompatible with the duties of a wife and a mother? And is it
not safest to wait and see what is the probable course I shall
take in this life, before I enter into any engagement that
affects my future career?  So I think, and so I have thought.
But to look on the other side.  If Truth appears to tell me
I may marry, I should leave the rest, and hope whatsoever
my duties are, I shall be able to perform them; but it is now
at this time the prayer of my heart, that if I ever should be
a mother, I may rest with my children, and really find my
duties lead me to them and my husband; and if my duty
ever leads me from my family, that it may be in single life.
I must leave all to the wisdom of a superior Power, and, in
humble confidence, pray for assistance both now and for
evermore, in performing the divine will.
First lMfonth, 1st, 1800.-This has not been one of the
clear and bright days of life: little has been done, and that
little as in a nightmare; not feeling able to get forward, and
discouraged.  None but one Being knows how/,I spend my
time, and how little I really do in the service/of God; but
I cannot quite judge myself, and I feel I have complained too
much to-day, of the burdens of life, to other people.  My
uncle Joseph was here, and I felt my own weakness by his
side.  I had my children, and found them a great burden;
at least, I thought that I was making more show than reality.
So are my down-sittings, and my uprisings.  Have mercy on
12




90          LIFE OF ELIZABETH FRY.               [1800.
me, if Thou existest, oh God! forsake not one who does wish
to trust in Thee, and to be Thy servant, in the way Thou
mayst see meet for her.
7th. —This morning, at M[eeting, I had rather a trying
time in some respects, at least I fully felt the disobedient
state of my own heart.  I think, as far as I can judge from
past experience, my feelings were not those of imagination.
I felt, supposing it was my duty to speak in that Meeting,
what would it not be to me? and I don't think I felt perfectly
clear of that awful duty; not that I now believe it will be, at
this time, required of me, but it appears to me a devotion of
heart that I must try to attain; or else my lamp will not be
prepared, that I may go when my Master calleth.  I have
felt, and still feel, "I cannot do it," when required of me.
Almost as much as that: though I yet believe, if I were sure
it was required by God, it should be done, if I had power;
but in our present state of weakness, we are to see so far,
and no farther, and we can only act as far as we, in our great
weakness, think is the best way for us. My faith is as a
grain of mustard-seed. But we may all judge from experience; and I think I may truly say, that when I have
followed the direction of this Voice in my heart (those
feelings that may be enthusiasm, or what else,) yet I never
have failed to feel content in doing so; even to be amply
rewarded, and never to have repented following its dictates,
but the more I have been wholly and humbly given up to
obey, the more I have found.my foundation a stable one;
and trying as it has been sometimes, yet after I have gone
through the trial, reason and inclination and all have applauded.  But reason and inclination often leave us in tha
day of trouble. However, to go on with my tale. I continued most of the Meeting in this state, not clear of this
awful duty, and yet by no means seeing it right to act; but
as for that, I believe I would hardly let it come into my mind,
and into my thoughts; I wished William  Crow to preach,
as I do sometimes, and when he rose my heart seemed to fee)




1800.1       LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.              91
it was right for him to do so. He began to speak of the state
of some one present, and did take me surprisingly home to
mine; he mentioned how the ministry had come before that
mind; but seemed to think it was not an immediate duty,
but was to be tried. So I leave it. I am unwilling to think
any thing of the kind would be at present required of me.
I believe it would be a greater trial than I can describe; my
whole appearance being so different from those who are
generally ministers among us. But yet I hope, if ever
duty really requires it of me, I may do it, let it be early or
late.
At this time she thus writes to a young Friend:True religion seems a subject of that great importance,
that we must not play with it, either mentally or in word;
perhaps thou wilt think it odd, but at seasons I am not a
friend to too many religious thoughts; for thoughts are apt
to wander, and border on imagination. Religion is a deep
inward working of the feelings, and of the heart; we must
not look too much for bright light on the surface of things,
but we must humbly and quietly try to seek deep; attending
to the day of small things, trying to be faithful in the little,
or we cannot expect to be rulers over more.  Seek for these
little feelings of the heart; watch, that thou mayst know
truly the voice of thy Shepherd. I feel this advice may be
received by us both; I cannot tell how thou findest it, but
this voice has at times led me into trials; but where I have
followed, truly I may say I have had my reward; where I
have not, then I have felt the good part within me weakened. I believe our temptations may be different, but the
deeper I dig in my own mind, the clearer I see how I am
surrounded with them; I can hardly bear to feel them, and
to observe them; but that light, which I deeply sought, has
shown me the danger; and, as a friend of mine wrote to me
the other day, 1" in vain is the snare laid in the sight of the




92         LIFE OF ELIZABETH FRY.              [1800.
bird." By thus seeking, may we truly find the road that
leadeth unto salvation. Fare thee well!
Seeond Month, 9th.-In the evening, my father brought
two Friends with him and Lawrence Candler. As I was
reading to my children in the laundry, my father brought
them all in; when I had finished reading in the Testament
we were all silent, and soon John Kirkham  knelt down in
prayer, and we all rose up; it was a very solemn time; my
heart was not much moved, but I believe many of my dear
children were much affected by it; he then preached to them,
and it was surprising to me to see how much it seems the
same Spirit that works in all; and how solemn a thing it is
to preach and pray only from authority, and how very different an effect it has on the mind to other advice; however,
it was an encouraging thing, and I hope it will not be passed
over by me, or the children.
11th. —How much I wished, almost prayed, I may one
day be a perfect sacrifice, wholly given up to the service of
God.
18tl. —Time will tell, if what " Friends" have told me
will be true, that I shall one day be different from what I
am; indeed, taste of the beautiful comfort and support of
true religion, and not only receive myself, but be an instrument in giving to others; and that my own beloved family
will feel support in me, and in a degree do as I may have
done, or that my principles will spread. None but One
knows my heart, and my most deep wishes, nay, I may
almost say prayers, that I may, in whatever way it may be,
do to my utmost the will of God; may I not faint in the
day of trial and tribulation; and may self not be exalted
in the day of prosperity.
At this time Elizabeth Gurney's attention was seriously
fixed on the proposal that had been brought under her
consideration, in reference to the most important change in
her external circumstances. And the following letter, ad



1800.]      LIFE OF ELIZABETH FRI.                   93
dressed by her to her much valued friend and relative,
Joseph Gurney Bevan, marks her deep solicitude to attain
best direction:Clapham, Fourth MVonth, 1800.
aMy dearest Cousin,
It is not pleasant to me, having a subject that now is
of no small importance to me, unknown to thee, for I feel thee
to be, and love thee as my kind friend. Some time ago,
Joseph Fry, youngest son of William Storrs Fry of London,
paid us a visit at Earlham, and made me an offer of marriage.
Since our stay in this neighbourhood, he has renewed his
addresses. I have had many doubts, many risings and
failings about the affair.  My most anxious wish is, that I
may not hinder my spiritual welfare, which I have so much
feared, as to make me often doubt if marriage were a desirable
thing for me at this time, or even the thoughts of it; but as
I wish (at least I think I wish), in this, as in other things,
beyond every thing else, to do the will of God, I hope that
I shall be shown the path right for me to walk in. I do not
think I could have refused him, with a proper authority, at
this time. If I am to marry before very long, it overturns
my theories, and may teach me that the ways of the Lord are
unsearchable; and that I am not to draw out a path of right
for myself, but to look to the One who only knows what is
really good for me; but the idea of leaving my station at
home is to me surprising, as I had not thought that it would
have been the case, and perhaps it may not now happen, but
it does not seem improbable.  How anxiously do I desire I
may through all, strive after the knowledge of God, and one
day, if it be right, obtain it. Excuse this hasty scrawl, and
believe me, my dear cousin, thy very affectionate,
E. GURNEY.
Earlham%,.Fifth Mfonth, 30th.-I have written lately many
melancholy journals, and I seem rather inclined this morning
gratefully to mention the calm and sweet state I feel in.




94        LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.               [1800,
Even if the feelings be but for this time, it is a blessing to
have them. My feelings towards Joseph are so calm and
pleasant, and I can look forward with so much cheerfulness
to a connexion with him.
SixthZ Month, 6th. I felt rather nervous and weak this
morning. I wrote to Eliza Fry, and worked and talked. I
might talk too much. I received a letter I liked from Joseph,
and answered it this afternoon. I felt unwilling to represent
my own faults to him, although I told him how faulty I was,
yet it is much more unpleasant to acknowledge any real fault
committed, than the natural inclination to faults.
9th. —I have been busy to-day without doing much. They
all went out about twelve. I then put my poorl people's
things in a little order, and cut out linen till dinner, and
from  dinner till tea. I am slow in what I do. I have
thought seriously upon becoming mistress of a house. I
look in that, as in other things, that principle may be my
support, for it leads and supports even in the smallest
occurrences of life.  The preparations of clothing, &c.,
&c., as they lead me into the little things for which I have
a taste, if I do not take care may hurt me, and yet they are
both pleasant and interesting to me.
17th. —My state is a truly comfortable one this morning,
such peace of mind and body. I seem to have at present no
cloud over me-so calm, so easy-partly owing to having
lately felt so much bodily pain, ease and rest are peculiarly
pleasant; let it be an encouragement to me, next time pain
or sorrow surrounds me, that even when heavily clouded, the
sun may not be far off; may enjoying this sort of peace lead
me to long for a more durable and lasting one, and may it
stimulate me with more vigour to seek after it, by more
frequent, patient waiting upon God, and may I experience
an increasing willingness to take up the cross when called
to do so..Eighth iMonth, 4th.- This has been a comfortable day to
me. I have been busy, and a little gone on in my old plans;




1800.]     LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                95
I have great hopes of leaving all things in good order, which
is a relief to me. It is a blessing indeed to feel thus healthy
in mind and body; for I think we are subject to mental diseases, that are not in our power any more than bodily ones,
and that require our patience; although it is our duty in both
mental and bodily maladies, to do our utmost to overcome
them.
13th. —This morning the Fellowes were here; nothing
particular happened till evening, when all my poor children
came; it was rather a melancholy time to me. After having
enjoyed themselves with playing about, I took then to the
summer-house, and bade them farewell; there were about
eighty-six of them; many of them wept; I felt rather coldly
when with them, but when they went away, I shed my tears
also; and then my desires tookl the turn of anxiously longing
for the spiritual welfare of all of us, as a family.




apuftr   4   I tjI +
1800-1809. Marriage-First visit to Plashet-Settlement in London-Letter to a Friend-Yearly Meeting-Birth of the eldest child,
1801-Journey into the North of England-Second daughter, born
1803 —Birth of eldest son, 1804; illness and journey to Bath-Her
second son, born 1806-Death of her mother-in-law —Birth of her
fifth child, 1808-Letter to John Gurney and his wife-Death of
the latter-Death of her father-in-law.
THE marriage of Joseph Fry and Elizabeth Gurney took
place on the 19th of Eighth Month, 1800, at Friends' Meeting House in Norwich; her own description of the day
is:
I awoke in a sort of terror at the prospect before me, but
soon gained quietness and something of cheerfulness; after
dressing, we set off for Meeting; I was altogether comfortable.  The Meeting was crowded: I felt serious, and looking
in measure to the only sure place for support. It was to me a
truly solemn time; I felt every word, and not only felt, but
in my manner of speaking expressed how I felt; Joseph also
spoke well.  Most solemn it truly was.  After we sat silent
some litt4e time, a female Friend knelt down in prayer, my
heart prayed with her.  I believe words are inadequate to
describe the feelings on such an occasion; I wept good part
of the time, and my beloved father seemed as much overcome as I was.  The day passed off well, and I think I was
very comfortably supported under it, although cold hands
and a beating heart were often my lot.
Leaving the home of her childhood was a great effort to
(96s)




1800.]    LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                    97
her. Driving through Norwich for the last time, as a residence, " the very stones of the streets seemed dear" to her.
On the -3st of the same month, she says:We arrived at Plashet about three o'clock; it was strange
to me. I was much pleased with the place, and admired the
kindness of its inhabitants.
Her home, however, was for some years, to be in scenes
far less congenial to her early habits, than Plashet House,
in Essex; then the residence of her husband's parents. It
was a much more prevailing custom in that day, than it is
now, for the junior partner to reside in the house of business, in conformity with which, Joseph and Elizabeth Fry
prepared to establish themselves in Mildred's Court, in the
city of London. The house was large, airy, commodious,
and what, in the city, is a still more rare advantage, quiet;
and continued to be an occasional residence of different
members of the family, till it was pulled down in consequence
of alterations in London.
Elizabeth Fry was, by her marriage, brought into completely new circumstances; her husband's family had been
members of the Society of Friends, since an early period after
its foundation.  In this it resembled that of the Gurney's;
but unlike her own parents, her father and mother-in-law
adhered strictly to the habits of Friends, and she was surrounded by a large circle of new connections and acquaintance who differed from her own early associates, in being
almost exclusively of the same decided class.  This, for a
time, brought her into occasional difficulty, and even trial,
from the incongruities of the parties assembled at her house;
formed of her own tenderly beloved family and near connections (few of whom were inclined to walk in the same path
as that into which she had been led), and the members of
the Society to which she had become so closely united in
religious profession; and earnest were her desires to bo
13




98          LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.             [1800.
preserved from, in any degree, swerving from the line of
duty.
George Dilwyn, a Friend from America, who was engaged
in religious service in London, as a minister of the Gospel,
became their guest on the 7th of the Eleventh Month, only
a few days after the young married pair had arrived at their
home; he remained with them for several weeks, and his
company appears to have been useful and agreeable to them;
although his presence brought the bride into difficulty, on a
point that, at the present time, seems almost inconceivable,
that of reading the Holy Scriptures aloud in the morning.
Family devotion, amongst all persuasions, was much less
common at that period than it is now; and the habit of
assembling the household at a stated hour daily, for this religious duty, had not been observed at Mildred's Court.  The
servants of that establishment were not, until some years
afterwards, partakers of this privilege; and Elizabeth Fry,
whilst believing it to be incumbent on her to introduce the
practice, shrunk from  attempting it, especially in the presence of one like George Dilwyn, to whom she looked up with
a degree of fear.
JMildred's Court, Tenth fionth, 30th. —After breakfast, my
husband and I set off from Plashet in my father's coach, with
nurse Barns, for Mildred's Court.  I felt rather low at the
prospect before me, and more so when I saw the state of the
house; confusion in every part.  I had a bed-room turned
into a sitting-room, put in order, and then went and put
myself in order for dinner; our brother William dined with
us.  I spent rather a pleasant afternoon, which is to me quite
a rarity.  Joseph and I had a comfortable evening. Both,
I believe, feeling the true comfort, I may say blessing, of
being, at last, quiet in our own house. All seemed to shine
upon us. Mray we mutually endeavour to hold all in subservience to that Being, to whom all our thoughts, wishes, and
actions, are known.  I sometimes feel the self-interestedness




1800.]     LIFE OF ELIZABETHE   FRY.                99
of wishing to be good, for, after all, what earthly enjoyment
is like it? may we not stop short in our career, but try to
run the race that is set before us.
Eleventh Mfonth, 7th.- George Dilwyn came to-day; I
feel almost overcome with my own weakness, when with such
people.
11th.-After breakfast, I believed it better to propose
reading in the Bible, but I felt doing it, particularly as my
brother William was here; not liking the appearance of
young people, like us, appearing to profess more than they
who had lived here before us. However I put off, and put
off, till both William and Joseph went down; I then felt
uneasy under it, and when Joseph came back I told him, as
I did before, what I wished; he, at last, sat down, having
told George Dilwyn my desire. I began to read the 46th
Psalm, but was so overcome that I could hardly read, and
gave it to Joseph to finish.
12th.-I rather felt this morning it would have been right
for me to read the Bible again, and stop George IDilwyn and
Joseph reading something else. Now'stopping G. D. was a
difficult thing; for a person like me to remind him! however I did not fully do as I thought right, for I did not openly
tell G. D. we were going to read, but spoke to my husband,
so as for him to hear; then he read, I knowing I had not
done my best.
14th.-I again felt some difficulty at reading the Bible;
however I got through well.  George Dilwyn encouraging
me, by saying, he thought I portioned the reading well.
After a little bustling we set off for Hampstead.  I was there
told by --—, he thought my manners had too much of the
courtier in them, which I know to be the case, for my disposition leads me to hurt no one, that I can avoid: and I do
sometimes but just keep to truth with people, from a natural
yielding to them in such things as please them.  I think
doing so in moderation, is pleasant and useful in society.
It is amongst the things that produce the harmony of'




100         LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.    [1800.
society; for the truth must not be spoken out at all times,
at least not the whole truth. I will give an instance of what
I mean.  Suppose any one was to show me the colour of a
room, that I thought pretty, I should say so, although I
thought others more so, and omit saying that; perhaps I am
wrong, I do not know if I be not, but it will not always do
to tell our minds. This I have observed (and I am sorry for
it), that I feel it hard, when duty dictates, to do what I think
maly hurt others. I believe this feeling of mine originates
in self-love, from the dislike of being myself the cause of
pain and uneasiness.
15th.-George Dilwyn said, for our encouragement this
morning, that he had seen, since he had been with us, the
efficacy of reading in the Bible the first thing,-he thought
it a good beginning for the day.
19th. —Dear Kitty and Priscilla came this afternoon; I
felt a good deal at seeing them.  How dear they are to me!
George Dilwyn came home this evening; and it was rather
odd, but we fell into unusually interesting conversation.
22nd.-I think I have tried to do better to-day, and a bad
cold has prevented my saying much, which is so often a
stumbling-block, for that little member, the tongue, is very
hard to command; until the root be mended, I cannot
expect the branches to flourish, or to bring forth much fruit.
Thoughts, words, and actions, appear to spring from a corrupt source. I feel my sisters a lesson to me, they seem so
much more virtuous.
Twelfth Jonth, lst.-We dined at the Barclays' to-day;
I felt it pleasant being at Clapham, although the change of
society I have, is at times a trial; it requires much strength
to be on one's guard.
5th-To-day, we had the WV    s and C    s, to dinner.
We provided handsomely, but I much disapprove of a luxurious table; as superfluity at table appears to me as bad,
if not worse than other things.
Sth.-I value being alone with my husband; it is a quiet




1800.]      LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.               101
that I have not lately enjoyed, and it does seem to me, at this
time, one of the great blessings of life; talking of blessings, am I not ungrateful, when thus surrounded with them,
to be wishing for more? it is a pity!
9th. —Anna Savery drank tea here; we had not sat long
after tea, before we fell into silence.  During the time, I
first felt a sort of anxiety for the welfare of us young travellers, and it came strongly across my mind, Is it not my duty
openly to express it? this put me into an agitation not easily
to be described; and I continued in this state, which was a
truly painful one, nearly feeling it my duty to pray aloud for
us; oh, how hard it did seem! I tried to run from it, but I
found the most safety in trying to wait upon God; hoping,
if it were imagination, to overcome it; if it were duty, that I
might be obedient. Towards the latter end, I felt more inclined towards obedience. But what an obstacle is my not
holding my will in subserviency to that of my Maker; for
perhaps, after all, it was only a trial of my obedience, that
would not have been called for, but to show me how far I
was from a resigned state of heart.  I felt oppressed the rest
of the evening.
lOth.-I awoke in a burdened state of mind; I thought
it better to relieve it to my dear husband, and found comfort
in doing so; he warned me against imagination. I must try
to trust in the Lord, and I hope to find safety.  I felt quite
in a state of agitation till we went to Meeting; it made me
feel almost ill in body, both last night and this morning;
however my mind was sweetly calmed in the Meeting, and I
felt vastly relieved from my terrors, and a little love and
trusting in the Heavenly Master. I was almost ready to do
whatever might be right for me.  Oh! may I give up to
what is called for at my hand, and may I not be deceived,
but follow the true Shepherd, for my feet seem much inclined to wander!
14th. —I attended both Meetings as usual, and, as usual, I
came from them, flat and discouraged. To attend our place




102         LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.             [1800.
of worship, and there spend almost all the time in worldly
thoughts, is, I fear, too great a mark of how my time is
mostly spent; indeed, my life appears, at this time, to be
spent to little more purpose than eating, drinking, sleeping,
and clothing myself. ]But if we analyze the employment of
most, what do they more than, in some way, attend to the
bodily wants of themselves or others? What is our work,
the good we do to the poor, &c., &c., but for the body!
In reply to the letter of a Friend, Elizabeth Fry, at this
period, thus describes her own state of mind, and anxiety
for spiritual advance:Mildred's Court, First XMonth, 1801.
In referring to thy former letter, I remembered thou there
hailed me as a fellow-traveller towards a better country; and
I remember feeling encouragement from it: I am doubtful
how far thou couldest now do so, but I trust, although I see
little, and feel hardly anything of good in my own mind,
that I am not yet quite forsaken, as one dead to good works.
I am at times ready to feel, what shall I do? for if I were
sure this state was out of my own power, I needed only
quietly rest, hoping for better times: but my fear is, that,
from want of more watchfulness, I am so continually devoted
to things of this world, as to blind my spiritual sight from
observing things belonging to the other. There are times
when my anxiety for good is great indeed, and for a short
time, it is my endeavour to seek strength where I hope tc
find it; but alas i my good wishes and good endeavours are
of short, very short duration.  I often remember that part of
Scripture (more particularly at M'eeting) ihere our Saviour
says to Simon, 6 Couldest not thou watch with me one hour?"
I feel able to draw some consolation from what I here read,
when I see that others so great and good have found it hard
to do so; but I experience the force of the question. I have,
at times, great fears that I may be led astray in matters of




1801.]    LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                  103
the first importance, for there is a power that will, at times,
deceive the unwary mind, for we may remember it can even
put on the appearance of an angel of light. It was my lot,
in very early life, to be much in company with Deists, and
to be rather a warm advocate of their doctrines.  I now, in
many shapes, feel myself touched with these early imbibed
opinions; for it appears to be that, unless I be, by a very
superior power, really lifted above these opinions, my poor
weak nature is apt to doubt almost everything. How poor
is the enjoyment, how dark is our prospect, when the enlightening rays of true religion are taken from us! I did not
expect thus to have opened my heart to thee, but one thing
led on to another.  I now and then remember a remark of
thine, and thou believed a soul was still living to that which
is good, whilst it partook of that unity, that the poor travellers Zion-ward are favoured to feel towards each other; I
have sometimes hoped, when thinking of it, that I am not
yet quite dead to such things; as I feel my heart nearly
drawn towards some of those whom I believe to be truly
making progress in this blessed journey, and while I, at
times, so peculiarly love the disciple, I hope I am not an
enemy to the Master.
First Jfonth, 1ltlt, 1801.-I attended both Meetings; what
wishes I had at moments for good! and how surprisingly
ineffectual they were!
15th.-I set off early for Newington, to see J. G. Bevan,
who I heard was poorly.  I think my visit answered.  I met
with a very kind reception, and he appeared pleased to see
me. He proposed to me reading with the family on Firstday evening; which is what I have often thought of, but do
not wish to practise, until my husband and I are unitedly
clearer on the subject.
Second iIonth, 3rd. — This morning, after writing notes,
&c., &c., I walked out and went to see a poor woman whom
I half like, and half do not, as there is something in her




104        LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.               [1801.
very odd; however, I spent much time about her.  I then
read the letters from home, which were comfortable and
satisfactory. I was just dressed for company; we had a
rather pleasant visit, but I think, of late, I more and more
dislike society of every kind, I really wish for a more retired life; my present constant liability to company seems
too much for my weak mind.
4th.-I went to Meeting as usual: Sarah Lynes mentioned
to the Meeting the manner in which she had accomplished
her late journey, and the feelings of reward she experienced;
her account struck me very much; her influence was, on me
at least, truly pleasant and satisfactory.  She afterwards
named her concern to visit some Meetings in the City of
London, which was also done with remarkable simplicity,
and I may say, almost humility.  I longed for her continued
good, and almost prayed she might be kept in a state of
humility.  For striking is it how liable, at all stages, we are
to fall. I almost longed for the good of the religious, as of
some far distant from  rie. Before the Monthly Meeting
finished, Mary Bevan got up and addressed herself to the
young women, saying we were not to be discouraged at not
being called like her (Sarah Lynes), but that all who endeavoured to perform their duty, should and would equally
meet with their reward. I felt much, and longed for good.
I think myself at this time on rather dangerous ground, for
retirement of mind, or that necessary watchfulness which
keeps us poor mortals out of danger, is what I am nearly a
stranger to; and in a state of deadness to religion, that has
lately been my experience, I am also tried by great fears
about what duty may call me to. If these be fears of my
own imagination, how much is truth wanted to overcome
them. Seek, seek, until I find, and do not give up till the
last!
Third Mionth, 15th.-I felt really better this morning
(alluding to previous indisposition) and went to Meeting,
but all my small efforts to quiet my thoughts were ineffectual;




1801.]     LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                 105
the same in the afternoon; it is very serious. Really when
I awake in the morning I feel a flatness; when I find my
great object of the day no longer appears to be even to wish
to do the will of my Creator.  But I am as one who has, in
some measure, lost his pilot, and is tossed about by the
waves of the world.  But I trust that there is yet a power
that will prevent my drowning: I draw some consolation
from my dreams of old, for how often was I near drowning,
and yet at last saved.
17th.-Mary Ann Galton arrived to-day, every room in
our house was full, and altogether, with the tooth-ache, I
have hardly had spirit to go through it comfortably.
18th. —We had a large dinner-party; I felt unusually
poorly and nervous at dinner, being fagged with tooth-ache
and the numbers around me.
21st.-This morning I proposed to my father to take us to
Richmond Hill, as we had never been there.  After some
doubting we agreed to go, and we set off; before we left
London it rained violently, but we persevered,-I was fully
of the mind it was better to do so; but hardly expressed it
enough, for I make myself appear almost weak by my fear of
other people.  I feel, with my father, almost always a difficulty in boldly doing what I think right.  One great pleasure in the day has been being so much with him, and I have
quite enjoyed his- company.  The views and country were
delightful; it appeared to do me good once more to look
at the beauties of nature, and to see the little lambs, and all
was very pleasant.
25th.-I feel almost overcome with the multiplicity of
visitings and goings out.
Fourth MJionth, 9th.-We set off this morning on our
journey to Norfolk.  I felt leaving my dearest husband.
The beauties of nature were striking-violets and primroses
quite decorated the hedges.
Pifth Month, 8th.-Of late I have been cumbered with the
little things in life that are not worth being worried about.
14




106         LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.    [1801.
I have fixed dinners for the Yearly Meeting with Jane
King.
During the fortnight occupied by the Yearly Mfeeting,
Mildred's Court was, according to a very general custom
among the Society, an open house for the reception of the
Friends assembled in London on that occasion, from  all
parts of the kingdom: some were inmates there during
the time, whilst the parties at dinner were generally very
numerous..Fifth M-onth, 15th. —We went in the evening to see a
Friend (Joseph Lancaster), who kept a school for poor children. I felt a wish that the young man might be preserved
in humility; for I know, from experience, it is a hard matter,
when we have the apparent approbation of many, and more
particularly of those whom we esteem.
16th.-JI was rather busy this morning.  After dinner, our
dear cousin Priscilla arrived; I felt seeing her, I love her
very much; being with such, has a great effect on me,
where they interest me as she does; but may I not be led
by man, but by his M aker.
27th.-I went to Gracechurch Street Meeting this morning, and to the Meeting of Discipline in the afternoon,
which tired me.
29th.-After dinner, we attended our Women's Meeting,
at four o'clock, which lasted till nearly eight o'clock, it was
to me very long and very tedious; indeed it may be, and I
doubt not is in great part my own weakness; but to hold
fast my faith, I found in this Yearly Meeting, no instrument
ought to be looked to. I am afresh come to this conclusion,
that only the clear dictates of duty should lead us to act,
even in matters of religion; that we should be very careful
in expressing even a religious sentiment, without great
clearness, and more particularly where others are concerned.
HIow exceeding cautiously should religious advice be given




1801.]      LIFE OF ELIZAB ETi  FRY.                 107
to others! it should not be done, without strong and clear
feelings of duty, for I know from experience, such things
are apt, even if they be given as encouragement, to disc
courage or weaken the feeble mind, if out of place; I believe
it better to do too little than too much in them. Notwithstanding the many remarks that I have made, I trust I shall,
in the end, be better for this time, for I have seen much to
love and admire in the instruments, and I trust the principle
is not weakened within me. May it lead me to seek deeply
to serve my Maker in singleness of heart, for that appears
the only way to rectitude of conduct; and not to forget the
numerous rocks there are to split upon, on every side. These
observations should teach me the necessity of keeping a constant watch and dependence on my Creator.
Sixth l1ionth, 5th.-I had most of this morning in quietness, which was quite a treat to me; I wrote my journal,
settled my accounts, and was not destitute of a wish to do
right: we had many to dinner, which rather vexed me, as I
had set my mind on quiet.
15th. —If I can, with truth, acknowledge it to be my first
wish to do my best, although I may not feel the sensible
gratification of doing my duty, I may yet be really doing it.
If I do all I can, I have no occasion to fear sooner or later
meeting with my reward.  I was rather disappointed at
our having company, indeed we have now little time alone:
it is quite a serious thing, our being so constantly liable to
interruptions as wise are. I do not think, since we married,
we have had one-fourth of our meals alone. I long for more
retirement, but it appears out of our power to procure it;
and therefore it is best to be as patient under interruptions
as we can, but I think it a serious disadvantage to young
people setting out in life.
Placshet, Seventh Jifonth on    9thl.-We are so much from
home, and in such continual bustles, that really when I am
here, I feel at a loss for regular employment.  I just have
time enough to keep things in order; engagement follows




108        LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.    [1801
engagement so rapidly, day after day, week after week, owing
principally to our number of near connections, that we
appear to live for others, rather than ourselves: our plan of
sleeping out so often, I by no means like, and yet it appears
impossible to prevent it; to spend one's life in visiting, and
being visited, seems sad.  Joseph Lancaster came in after
breakfast, I had some talk with him about poor people; he
enlightened me about his school plans, but not generally
about the poor.
10th.-I had to fix with Jane King about the nursery, and
to reprove a servant for something I did not approve, which
kept me in a state of agitation for some time, it is so trying
to me to reprove any one; it is so very trying to my natural
disposition, partly I suppose from a feeling of self-love that
does not like being the cause of pain; partly I suppose from
feeling for others. I mostly feel satisfaction when I take
courage to act the mistress; as it is so much out of my
nature.
ilth.-It now and then strikes me to how little end are all
these employments that occupy us; we seem principally occupied in clothing, feeding, and taking care of our bodies,
and yet I trust if even that be done in a right spirit, we still
are doing our duty, and it is in these actions about our bodies
that our minds and principles act also, if it be our object to
do all things to the glory of God.  But we are apt rather to
do things in subserviency to our own will, rather than the
will of our Maker; we therefore devote ourselves to these
outward and bodily things.  Now, when such things are
done, which I believe they may be, under a devotional spirit,
we are not injured by being occupied with such trifles.
Eighth Month, 5th.-I feel that when I do my part towards really performing my duty, it sheds a sweet and sober
colouring over all my occupations; but when I do not, it
appears to cast a mist that I am obliged to find my way as
well as I can, without my guide.
15th.-I have had an interesting talk with my dear sister




1801.]      LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                 109
Rachel: she appears to me to have perceived that which
will direct her steps.  But how hard it is deeply, strictly,
and for a long time together, to have our first object to serve
our Creator-for at first there is a natural glee, as for something new, and then we feel we have to pass through lukew-armness, which is a dangerous state; I believe one, where
many are lost.  May I be carried through it!
It is evident that the circumstances in which Elizabeth
Fry was placed at MIildred's Court, were too fatiguing for
her, then approaching her first confinement, so as to depress,
not merely her bodily powers and her natural energy, but
also, in a degree, her spiritual liveliness.  In anticipation
of this event, her active mind had already occupied itself in
forming nursery arrangements.
Her eldest child was born in the Eighth Month, and to
this event succeeded the pleasures and anxieties of a young
mother; upon which, perhaps, no one could have entered
with a more lively sense, either of their enjoyment or responsibility.
My thoughts, she says, are now very often in my nursery,
fixing plans for children. I am very full of castles about
my good management; but all must be, should be, held in
subserviency to a great and divine Power, who alone knows
what is best for them and us; anl it is to be hoped He will,
in His mercy, guide the hands of the parents to lead them
in the right path in every way.  I am a great friend to close
and constant attention to early education, even the very first
years of a child's life.
Ninth MJonth, 12th.-I have hardly had time or strength,
as yet, to describe the events I have lately passed through.
I did not experience that joy which some women describe,
when my husband first brought me my little babe, little darling! I hardly knew what I felt for it, but my body and
spirits were so extremely weak, I could only just bear to look




110        LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.              [1801.
at those I loved. I felt the dear baby at first a quiet source
of pleasure, but she early became a subject for my weakness
and low spirits to dwell upon, so that I almost wept when
she cried; but I hope, as bodily strength recovers, strength
of mind will come with it.
20th. —I have now pretty much recovered. I was at
Meeting this morning; there appears great cause for my
being thankful to have got through so great a trial, and to
have a dear little living girl; but we are not always sensible
of the blessings we enjoy.
23rd. —Certainly I am ignorant about the management of
such young infants, but I do not feel uneasy about the charge
of her body; from my self-confidence I fear; but I believe
if we endeavour to do our duty, even in such things, we
shall find the way.  I much wish to avoid my mother-inlaw's very "' cotting" plan, for a degree of hardiness I think
most desirable-I think being too careful and tender really
makes them more subject to indisposition.
Tenth Mfonth, Ist.-My present feelings for the babe are
so acute as to render me at times unhappy, from an over
anxiety about her, such an one as I never felt before for any
one. Now it appears to me, this over anxiety arises from
extreme love, weak spirits and state of health, and not being
under the influence of principle, that would lead me to
overcome these natural feelings, as far as they tend to my
misery. For if I were under the influence of principle, I
might trust that my dear infant indeed was under the care
and protection of an infinitely wise and just Providence, that
permits her little sufferings for some good end, that I know
not of. How anxiously do I hope this poor dear baby may
be held in resignation by me to the Divine will. Oh! that I
might feel dependence on that Almighty arm about her, and
about other things. Beyond every thing else, I wish to do
my duty, idle and relaxed as I am, in performing it.
Jildred's Court, 10th.-I here sit hearing the great noise
and bustle of the Illumination for Peace; my husband and




1801.]      LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                 111
the rest of the party are gone out to see it; my dearest babe
is sleeping in the room.  This evening I am very tired, and
the noise of the mob nearly makes my head ache. This is
the way in which they show their joy! it does not seem to
me the right manner of showing our gratitude, as it appears
to lead to drunkenness and vice.  I think true gratitude
should lead us to endeavour to retain the blessing, or to make
good use of it, by more virtue in ourselves, and encouraging
others to the same.
Joseph and Elizabeth Fry visited Norfolk, taking their
little treasure, the lovely infant; and E. F.'s journal continues: —
Earlham, 2lst.-We have had a comfortable journey;
meeting them at Thetford was very pleasant, they appeared
so delighted to see us.  I altogether entered this place in
much agitation, our reception was delightful; my father and
all so much admired our little darling, and seemed to love her
so dearly, that it was delightful to me: it was indeed a
striking sight to see them all meet her, so much real interest
was shown.  Yesterday I went once more to Norwich Meeting,-my reception was very warm.
Jiildred's Court, Eleventh7 Month, 25t1z. —My cough has
been so poorly that my husband called in Dr. Simms.  I
asked his advice about our little one being inoculated; he
strongly recommended the cow-pox, and said that he would
undertake the care of her if we liked: I think highly of his
judgment, and I believe it to be our duty to avoid evil, both
bodily and mentally.  So trifling a complaint as the cow-pox,
being likely to prevent so dreadful a disease as the small-pox,
at least it appears justifiable to try it; although the idea is
not pleasant, it almost looks like taking too much on ourselves
to give a child a, disease. But I altogether was easy to do it.
I felt a good deal about the operation, which was very little
and easily performed.  What a wonderful discovery it is, if
it really prevent the small-pox.




112         LIF E  OF ELIZABETH FRY.              [1802.
30th.- I went to see a poor woman: it is always a cross
to me leaving my child, but going over the bridge I enjoy;
the air, sky, and water look so sweetly.
Twelfth M1onth, 5th.-I was up in pretty good time, dressed
by eight, and after reading, settled my great housekeeping
accounts. I wrote to cousin Priscilla, my uncle Barclay, and
my father.  This evening I feel very flat, rather in a low
state, partly perhaps bodily weakness. I feel almost ready to
pant after the courts of the Lord.
First JIonth, 26th, 1802.-It is more than a month since
I wrote my journal; I am sorry for it, but I have been Martha-like, and so much engrossed in the affairs of this life, that
little time has been spent in reviewing my conduct; indeed,
I appear very much to have taken my flight from spiritual
things.  It is not my feeling bereft of the comforts of religion
that alarms me, it is my not sufficiently seeking after them,
I fear; for I hardly ever am on the watch for the,Master's
coming. I may say my heart has now and then been full,
almost to prayer, for my husband, child, and myself; particularly for my little infant, that we may not prove stumblingblocks in its way to salvation; if it please God it should live
to an age of understanding.  I believe it would be better for
me, if I were in a more constant habit of daily retirement;
for it would afford me time for self-examlination, which I am
so unaccustomed to, and if I only sit quietly, I believe I may
find it useful, although I feel of myself I can do nothing.
28th.-I[ do heartily enjoy our being alone, and falling
into some plans: not being interrupted, I appear naturally to
fall into employment; and it is so sweet to have quiet plans
at my own dear home.  How much I think my marriage
tends to my outward comfort; it is wonderful to me to
observe how every act of mine has prospered, that has been
done under the anxious wish of serving my Creator in it.
Seeond 11Ionth, 13th. —iy poor baby has been so poorly,
that we took her to Dr. Willan's; she has had a cough and
is really unwell.  I felt much tired, and longed for resigna-tion and patience.




1802.]     LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                113
20t. —I felt our dearest child in great danger, as did many
besides me, indeed I believe all of us. This was indeed a
trial, but I was supported with some resignation of soul,
feeling the weight of that part of the prayer, " Thy will, and
not mine, be done."
2lst.-As the morning advanced, my little infant began to
change from a very feverish state to an almost deadly languid
one, that I believe most present thought might be the beginning of a more awful change. She sat on my lap, I happened
to be also very faint at the time; I think I may say, I felt
resigned to the all-wise dispensations of Providence, which
was a great blessing; my mind felt depending on that Power
that alone can support in the day of trial. I desire to feel
that of myself I can do nothing, and that I may remember
the blessing of being able to say, " Thy will, and not mine,
be done."
23d.-Our little one appears mending, although very
poorly, faint, and weak: her recovery seems more than I can
enter into, at present, with a joyful heart. But Ifeel rather
as if quietly waiting for the will of her Maker to be done.
Some would perhaps call me insensible to the blessing.
May I continue to look to the all-merciful Fountain of Good,
and hold my submission to His will, and properly estimate
the numerous blessings afforded me: and may I be thankful
for my little one. My prayer seems to have been heard,
that whether she lived or died she might not suffer much.
Fourth Month, 19tl.-Oh! may my obedience keep pace
with my knowledge at this time; my knowledge of good appears small; my longings to be better are only known by
a Superior Power, who I trust will, in time, have mercy on
me. I have this day prayed, that, in this day of darkness,
I may not prove an obstruction in the way of others; truly
a South Land is my portion, —I only long for the wells of
living water.
F.fth J.Month, 18th.-The sight of my uncle Joseph this
morning rejoiced me; he is to me, in every point of view,
1.5




114         LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.             [1802.
so dear; I love him as a religious character, and as my near
and dear relations  We had many Friends to dinner, and
many to supper.
19th.-This day Yearly Meeting began generally.  I was
in my usual lukewarm, flat state, full of the wanderings
of imagination; but I believe, as a spectator, Meetings were
more satisfactory than last year.  We had a very large
number to dinner.
31st.-Yearly Meeting is now, I am happy to say, finished.
[ attended all the Meetings but one.  In some of them  I
was much more interested than last year, and felt for the
interests of the Society. We have seen a good deal of Friends,
and I think I admire them more than I did last year.  I
have had a few more serious feelings than usual: I have been
always devoted to the world, except now and then, when my
heart has anxiously hoped for something better. I have
felt very much how we are all surrounded with continual
temptations, and how very hard it is to hold fast that which
is good; I see so many faults in myself, that I fear there
are many I know nothing of, from not sufficiently seeking for
them; for I observe faults in others who are better than myself, that I believe they know nothing of.
During the autumn of this year, Elizabeth Fry took a
long journey into the North of England with her husband;
a few entries respecting it are presented to the reader.
Coventry, Tenth Jonth, 2nrd.-We were up in good time,
and went to see Shakspeare's monument, at Stratford-uponAvon; a sweet country churchyard; in the church we saw
the monument.  We breakfasted at Warwick, and saw the
castle and church; the outside of the castle I liked very
much, the inside pretty well.  We are at an unpleasant inn
here; but I have learnt one lesson-that I do not think in
travelling we are sufficiently cautious in our behaviour to inn
servants, but hurry them and worry them  too much: I
hope to be more cautious in future.  I went to see D —--




1802.]     LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                 115
L  -  and his wife, and by accident went to the wrong
house; I made several droll blunders, and be'came confused.
Wolverltamnpton, 6th.-During our journey here, I was
very low and anxious on account of our little baby, who appeared uneasy, and in much pain.  She seemed suddenly
really unwell. I wish my heart not to be too much set on
her, or her health; for I should endeavour to remember, she
is taken care of by One infinitely wiser than I am. All medicine, gum-lancing, &c., is one of my trials, for I do not
like or approve putting children to unnecessary pain, unless
I have good ground for believing it right to do it; and yet I
fear my cowardice improperly preventing my doing it.
Roc/k Ferry, 10th. —We admired Chester,-the town is so
extraordinary; from the walks on the walls the country is
beautiful. We could not prudentlygo over to Liverpool on account of the rain, therefore we remained here, which I
believe we all enjoyed; the quiet within was so pleasant,
when the storms without were so violent, and I enjoyed my
beloved husband's company; what earthly pleasure is equal
to the enjoyment of real unity with the nearest of all ties,
husband and children.
Liverpool, 12th.-Our patience was rather tried, by waiting
from breakfast time till twelve o'clock, for a passage over.
My fears of the water are surprisingly gone off, I hardly felt
any fear, although the wind was high, and we sailed. I
believe as we grow older, and have greater and more serious
things to occupy us, those little feelings go off; I do not think
I am nearly such a, coward about some little things, as I was
before I married.
lianchester, 17th.-We drank tea at John Thorp's; I
really admire and love that man: I think we seldom see so
much of good, united with a cultivated understanding, and
the sweet simplicity of religion, as in him. I long for help
to penetrate the ciouds that surround me, for I feel that of
myself I can do nothing.
Keswick, 25th?.-This morning we went in the rain to see




116         LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.             [1803.
a very fine waterfall, it was a grand and beautiful sight; but
I do not much like this country, at this time of the year, it
looks so barren and dreary. This evening I went with Joseph
on horseback to see some fine waterfalls. There is too much
water in this place, and about here, to please my taste,-too
much lake, and too much of barren mountain; too little
snugness, and too few fine trees.
26th.-This would have appeared to me, some time ago,
rather a fearful day; we first took a long ride, part of it over
rather frightful roads, on the edge of a precipice, without
any wall or guard to it. This evening, my husband and I
climbed Skiddaw; when we arrived at the top, after some
pain and fatigue, we were almost in a whirlwind, and so
extremely cold and damp, being in the midst of a cloud, and
the wind so violent, that it appeared almost impossible to
stand against it: however we got down safely.
Mlildred's Court, Eleventh Month, 18th.-We have had a
prosperous journey, and have at last arrived. at our comfortable home. It really looks quite sweet and nice; it is a
great thing to have gone so far, and returned home safely.
Their family was at this time increased by her brother
Samuel Gurney's coming to London, to learn the details of
business there.  He resided some years at Mildred's Court.
The shelter of such a residence, in that great and depraved
Metropolis, can hardly be too highly estimated; but beside
this, he had the advantage of his sister's close and watchful
care. She had been much attached to him, when young;
and it was an interest and pleasure to her to have him for an
inmate. IHer labours were eminently blessed to him —and,
in his faithful love through life, she reaped a rich reward.
First Jfonth, 5th, 1803.-I feel hardly willing to begin
this year without observing how very numerous my blessings
are; as far as outward blessings go, I believe I want nothing:
may I endeavour to be aware of it, and may it stimulate me




1803.]    LLIFE  oF ELIZAB ET H FRY.                117
afresh to strive to serve that Power which has conferred
them on me. My secret trials and temptations are known by
no man, that inclination to lukewarmness of mind, and also
forgetfulness of what is good, are powerful temptations.
They do not, like some others, make a very conspicuous
appearance; but they undermine our strength, for want of
sufficient effort and sufficient watchfulness; I look forward
with much hope, that I may be supported in the day of expected trial.  But if I seek so little for a close acquaintance
with what is good; if I cannot now endeavour humbly to
place my confidence in the Power that alone can deliver, is
it likely that, in such emergency, I shall be able to do it?
I believe if rightly influenced, I might in some small measure
rejoice, if I could feelingly believe that these afflictions,
which are but for a moment, work for us a far more exceeding and eternal weight of glory.  Suffer we must in this
world, and the less we kick against the pricks the happier
for us.
She thus records the birth of her second child, which
took place in Third MIonth.
Fourth Mfonth, 12th. —My heart abounded with joy and
gratitude, when my dear little girl was born, perfect and
lovely.  Words are not equal to express my feelings, for I
was most mercifully dealt with, my soul was so quiet, and so
much supported.
Placshet, Fifth Jlfontih, 21st.-I have been long prevented
writing my journal, by a severe attack of indisposition.  It
is difficult exactly to express what I have gone through, but
it has been, now and then, a time of close trial; my feelings
being such, at times, as to be doubtful whether life or death
would be my portion.  One night I was, I believe, very seriously ill; I never remember feeling so forcibly, how hard a
trial it was in prospect, to part with life. a1uch as my mind,
as well as body, was then tried in this emergency, still I felt




118        LIBE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.    [1803,
forcibly an inward support, and it reminded me of that text
of Scripture, " Can a woman forget her sucking child, yea
they may forget, yet will I not forget thee."  And then I
told those around me, that I was so ill, I could almost
forget my child; but that I felt the existence of a Power
that could never forget. I have gone through much since,
in various ways, from real bodily weakness, and also the trials
of a nervous imagination: no one knows but those who have
felt them, how hard they are to bear, for they lead the mind
to look for trouble, and it requires much exertion not to be
led away by them; nothing, I believe, allays them so much
as the quieting influence of religion, and that leads us to endeavour after quietness under them, not looking beyond the
present.  But they are a regular bodily disorder, that I
believe no mental exertion can cure or overcome, but we
must endeavour not to give way to them.
MJIildred's Court, Sixth lMonth, 5th.-Since I last wrote,
I have been gradually becoming better, but still I feel not
in usual health; my nerves are in an irritable state, I am
soon overcome and overdone. I have been at Meeting, and
am now once more entering upon my usual occupation: I
fear I am not so much benefited as I ought to be, by the
illness I have lately gone through; for I have so forcibly
felt —What am I, without a hold on something beyond this
life?
Soon after this she visited Norfolk with her husband,
taking also her children.
Earlham, Seventh Montlh, 30th.-I went to Norwich this
morning with my husband, and when there, we received a
letter from William, expressing a, desire for Joseph's immediate return.  The account rather tried me; and also the
apprehension about the French coming, cast a gloom over
the party; John came in the evening, and it was truly
pleasant, all twelve of us, and the two children being here




1804.]     LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                  119
together. But partly owing to circumstances, the uncertainty of human events so deeply impressed me, that I could
not avoid feeling the doubt of our all meeting again.
The fear of an invasion of the French, and the daily
expectation of their landing, caused such general alarm at
this time, that Joseph Fry was summoned by his brother,
"to be at his post."  On his return, he found preparations
had been made for flooding the marshes of the river Lee,
and breaking down the bridges on the Essex road; whilst
his father-in-law was also prepared, so soon as the French
should land, to convey his daughters into the Isle of Ely;
still regarded by the East Anglian portion of England as a
"camp of refuge."
3Mildred's Court, Eighth Month, 22nd.-My brother William came to town in haste, to say my mother was come
home very ill, I went with Dr. Willan to Plashet to see
her. I was quite sorry to find her so ill, and felt real love
for her. My time is very much occupied with other people,
indeed I find it has a very dissipating effect; and it is difficult to keep my mind in its right centre, when it is so often
diverted from it.
Tenth JMonth, 4th.-After reading a little, I went some
way off to see a poor woman. After searching a long time
in one of the disagreeable parts of London, I could not find
her, but I was directed to another poor person who lived
near the place, and although I believe the first woman had
deceived me, it led me to serve two others that I have reason
to think really wanted. I felt quite in my element serving
the poor, and although I was much tired with looking about,
it gave me much pleasure; it is an occupation my nature is so
fond of; I wish not to take merit to myself beyond my desert,
but it brings satisfaction with it more than most things.
U2ton, Third Month, 15th, 1804.-Since I last wrote, I
have more closely witnessed the scene of death, than I ever




120        LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.    [1804.
did before. Last First-day morning, about three o'clock,
my mother died; I was with her, at times, on Seventh-day;
and although I have every reason to believe shie died happily,
I did not experience those awful, sweet feelings, I should
have looked for at so serious a time.  On First-day morning,
I went into the room, and sat some time with the corpse; it
was very affecting to me to see it, and I was a good deal
overcome, and felt it much. I have been surprised how
little this event has led me into a serious state of mind, I fear
it has not had so profitable an effect upon me as it ought.
The death of her mother-in-law, a woman of powerful
mind and understanding, united Elizabeth Fry still more
closely with her husband's father; to whom she had been
always much attached. From the time of her marriage, he
had treated her with uniform kindness and attention: and
now, in his affliction, it was her pleasure, as well as her duty,
to unite with his own children in soothing his declining
years; more time was consequently passed at Plashet with
him, and his only daughter, Elizabeth.
At this period of her life, the poor shared much of her
attention, and notwithstanding the impediments offered by a
great Metropolis, to a young and delicate woman personally
visiting them, she persevered occasionally in this habit, until
withdrawn from it, by residence in the country, and the
increase of more important duties.  HIer energy and courage
in pursuing this object were great, as is proved by the following anecdote.
One cold winter day she was accosted by a woman asking
charity in the street, with a half naked little child in her
arms, very ill with the hooping-cough; grieved at the appearance of the child, and her suspicions excited by the
evasive answers of the woman, Elizabeth Fry offered to
accompany her home, and there relieve her necessities: this
the woman tried to elude, but determined on her purpose,
she succeeded in following her into a low, back street, where,




1804.]      LIFE  OF ELIZABETII F- rY.               12L
in a,wretched, filthy house, the melancholy spectacle presented itself, of a number of sick and neglected infants, not
only without comforts, but with the aggravations of misery.
The next day, when the medical attendant of her own children went, at her request, to assist the little sufferers, the
room was empty, woman and children gone, nor was any
trace ever found of them.  On inquiry among the neighbours, it was discovered that these were parish children, put
to this woman to nurse, who kept them in this condition, not
merely to assist her purposes of mendicity, but with the intention of shortening their lives, and then, by concealing their
death, receiving the pittance allotted for their maintenance.
It has already been shown, that in 1801, her attention
was called to Joseph Lancaster, who, struggling under difficulties and embarrassments, had assembled around him a
large school of very poor children, in an upper chamber in
Southwark.
She had also formed some valuable friendships with superior and excellent persons.  Of this number was her cousin
Joseph Gurney Bevan, her father's early friend, whom she
especially esteemed; John Hull of Uxbridge, and Rachel
Smith, a friend living in London; all judicious counsellors,
and her frequent companions.
During several succeeding years, she was permitted to
pass through many illnesses and much suffering; but her spirit
bowed in meek submission under the refining process; deep
conflict was often her portion, until her bonds were broken,
and she was enabled " to rejoice in the Lord, and joy in the
God of her salvation." Earnest desires for the religious
welfare of others, animated her soul.
The impression which, during the early stages of her religious course, had been made on her mind, that if faithful to
her God, she would be required to advocate His holy cause
as a minister of the Gospel of Christ, continued deeply to
impress her. This was indeed an awful prospect, from which
her whole nature recoiled.
16




122        LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.             [1805.
Seventh Month, 10th.-Since I last wrote I have gone on
pretty comfortably in most respects; at times a degree of lowness, but I have altogether been much more encouraged than
I was, and feel, at present, able to leave my fears; trusting
in the mercy of Him who may afflict. Oh! may I be ready
to bear! I have had many desires after good, and I think
reading a little of " No Cross, no Crown," has been rather a
stimulus to me, to endeavour after more strictly attending to
that voice, that instructs us how to take up the daily cross,
in overcoming our natural propensities. I was reading in
Jeremiah to-day, " Cursed be they who serve the Lord deceitfully," and I hoped that might not be my case. What I
long for is, to serve the Lord with strict integrity, keeping
self-love in subserviency.
Her eldest son was born in the Seventh Month of this
year; her confinement was followed by a trying and tedious
illness.
Bath, Ninth JlIonth, 24th.-Since I last wrote, I have
been very unwell, and passed through great suffering, owing
to great sickness, faintness, and nervous irritability: however, each trial has had its alleviation; I have not once quite
sunk; I have experienced, that though at times it has been
rather hard to bear, I do not think it has been too much for me;
for although I have felt the wounding hand, yet I have also
soon found that the same Power could, and did, make whole.
Mildred's Court, First JMonth, 14th, 1805.-A new year
begun-one of my first desires upon waking was, that I might
improve in it.
Plashet, Second Month, 5th.-Since I last wrote, I have
been much occupied with many things: rather more than usual
about the poor. I have been desirous that attending to them
as I do, may not prove a snare to me, for I think acting
charitably 16ads us often to receive more credit than we doserve, or at least to fancy so; it is one of those things that




1805.]     LIFE OF ELIZABETII  FRY.                  123
give my nature pleasure, therefore I believe I am no further
praiseworthy than that I give way to a natural inclination.
Attending the afflicted is one of those things that so remarkably brings its reward with it, that we may rest in a sort of
self-satisfaction which is dangerous; but I often feel the
blessing of being so situated, as to be able to assist the
afflicted, and sometimes a little to relieve their distresses.
llth. —We ought to make it an object in conversation and
in conduct, to endeavour to oblige those we are with, and
rather to make the pleasure of others our object, than our
own; I am clear it is a great virtue to be able constantly to
yield in little things; it begets the same spirit in others, and
renders life happy.
Fifth Month, 7th. —Yesterday, my sister Eliza Fry was
here; vwe were saying something about the children's dress;
and she remarked that for the sake of others, (she meant the
fear of not setting a good example,) she would not do so and
so. I said it struck me that those who do their duty with
integrity, are serving others as well as themselves, and do
more real good to the cause of true religion, than in looking
much outwardly, either to what others do or think.  I believe
that conscience will sometimes lead us to feel for others, and
not act so as materially to hurt a weak brother; but I believe
we should seldom find that we hurt those whose opinion would
be worth caring for, if we kept close to the witness in our own
hearts. If I were going to do a thing, I should endeavour to
find whether it appeared to me in any way wrong, and whether
I should feel easy to do it; looking secretly for help, where
it is to be found; and there I believe I should leave it; and
if it led me to act rather differently from some, I should probably be doing more good to society, than in any conformity,
merely on account of others, for if I should be preserved in
the way of obedience in other things, it would, in time, show
from whence such actions sprang; and I think this very
spirit of conforming in trifles to the opinion of others, leads
into forms, that may one day prove a stumbling-block to the




124         LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.             [1805.
progress of our Society; whereas, if we attend to the principle that brought us together, it will lead us out of forms,
and not into them.
Earlham, Sixth l~onth, 7th.-There is quite a change since
I last wrote, I have passed through much illness among the
children; the Yearly Meeting, and since that, coming here.
After my return from Plashet, dear little Rachel was very
poorly, and poor John; all these things tried me, but I endeavoured to bear them with patience and cheerfulness. The
Yearly Meeting was very interesting to me, I felt a good deal
about it; in the first place, I am struck afresh with the beauty
of our principles: but so am I also with the great want of
simplicity and integrity in us who profess them; for I am
willing to believe, that if we more closely attended to them,
there would be more unity, more clearness, and more promptness in our manner of attending to the business of the Society. I used to fear that a selfish principle frequently rose
up amongst us, rather than the simple love and fear of God,
which spirit I think alone should rule, in the management
of the discipline intended to protect our religious principles.
The dread I had over me, in Plaistow Meeting, of saying
something, impressed me in most of the Meetings.  I had
such clear ideas in some of the Meetings; but I did not believe it necessary for my salvation to do it, and I believe
hardly any motive short of that, could induce me. Once, in
hearing the queries answered, that many were negligent in
attending Week-day Meetings, it struck me, it arose from
allowing the business of the world to stand too much in competition with the things of God, and of how much more importance one was than the other; for a right attention to
religious duties, enables us much better to perform our temporal ones.-I have enjoyed coming here, and being with them.
Seventh ]ionth, 3rd.-It appears to me, that we, who
desire to be the servants of Christ, must expect to do a part
of our Master's work; which, no doubt, is to bear with the
weaknesses and infirmities of human nature; and if we be




1806.]     LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                  125
favoured to feel them, and not sink under them, we may be
enabled in time to help others to bear their burdens; and it
appears to me, that all Christian travellers must expect to
pass through, in their measure, the temptations and trials
their Master did on earth.
iildred's Court, 19th. —Yesterday, and the day before, I
have been driven from one thing to another, and from one
person to another, as is usual in this place.  I have feared
my attention being quite diverted from good.  But I have
also thought that doing our duty is most effectually serving
the Lord.  May I therefore endeavour to do mine, and not
5e impatient at my numerous interruptions, but strive to
centre my mind in an humble desire to do the will of my
Creator, which will, through all, bring a degree of quietness.
J:lildred's Court, Second Mlonth, 15th, 1806.-I have been
confined nearly all this week with a bad cough, and still
continue poorly. I have particularly felt the vacancy of all
outward help, or consolation, or protection; neither reading
good books, writing journals, nor anything else, will, or can
do; but placing our dependence on the Power, that calls us
out of darkness into light, and that alone can lead us, and
point out to us the rocks on which we are likely to split, for
though we may certainly profit by the experience of others,
yet there is a new way, as it were, for each to tread in: and
they are not the same temptations which assail all travellers
Zion-ward, but different natures are differently tried: all
must first seek for light to guide them (individually), that
will teach them in the right time what to do, and what to
leave undone, and prove in the end their strong tower, and
preservation from all harm.
fEarlham, Third M1onth, 8th. —These words of Haggai
strike me, chap. i. 5, 6, "Now, therefore, thus saith the Lord
of Hosts; consider your ways. Ye have sown much, and bring
in little; ye eat, but ye have not enough; ye drink, but ye
are not filled with drink; ye clothe you, but there is none
warm; and he that earneth wages, earneth wages to put




126        LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.              [1806.
them into a bag with holes."  Whether they may not be
applied to myself and some others, who go on as it were,
saving seed not of the best sort, too much mixed with our
own desires, our own gratifications, and therefore we bring
forth little.
Fifth M~onth, 18th.-There is One only who knows my
heart, and its great wants.  To Him then I look, even to
Him who has borne our infirmities.  Teach me Thy way,
lead me in the paths of righteousness for Thy name's sake;
give me strength in weakness, if Thou seest meet, O Lord!
that I may overcome temptation.  0 Lord! teach me to do
Thy will towards those nearly connected with me: may I be
a faithful steward of what mav be committed to my trust.
Elizabeth Fry, having been appointed by the Friends of
Gracechurch-street Meeting, a visitor to the school and workhouse belonging to the Society at Islington, entered upon
the employment with no little interest, as congenial to her
former tastes and habits.  She visited the establishment as
often as her other engagements would permit, always to the
general pleasure of the children, who soon learned to appreciate her interest in them, and desires for their good.
i7iifth Month, 15th.-Yesterday I went to the workhouse
to spend the evening with the children; a prospect I have
had in view some time, almost ever since I have been on the
appointment.  I took them things for tea: I dreaded going
on many accounts, fearing I should not feel at liberty to
make any remarks I might wish to the children, during their
reading, which it was my principal object in going to attend.
I did not exactly see my way; however, I thought I would
make my way. I found, after tea, they did not read till
nearly eight, and I could not remain later than a little past
seven. I spoke to the governess about it, and she was quite
willing to alter the hour, and so was the stewardess.  I proposed reading a little pamphlet that has lately come out, by




1806.]     LIFE OF ELIZABETH FRY.                  127
Frederick Smith, to children. There was a solemnity during
reading it, so that Ann Withers was in tears most of the
time, and some of the children were disposed that way;
afterwards, when we had finished, I endeavoured to weigh
whether I really had anything to say to them, or not; I
thought that I had, and therefore took up the book, as if to
explain it; making my own remarks, which appeared to affect
the children and the governess, so that those who were on
the point of tears really wept. Now this event has made me
feel rather odd; it is marvellous to me how I got courage to
do it before Ann Withers.  I have felt so desirous not to
stamp such a thing too highly; for I am ready to believe,
though the party appeared to feel what I said so much, it
was principally owing to their great tenderness, as that which
I said seemed rather to flow naturally from my heart and
understanding, than anything really deep from the living
fountain.  I have desired that this little event may not encourage me too much, for hard things seemed made quite
easy.  Oh! that inl anything like a religious duty, I may
never go beyond the right Guide, nor ever give self the
praise.  Keep me humble, and dependent on Thee, OLord!
even if self suffer in being so.
Milcred's Court, 21st.-The Yearly,;fleeting has been
begun for us for some days, as we have had company here
very often since Seventh-day.  On Second-day, we had
rather a choice party to dinner, and, to me, a very solemn
opportunity after: I can hardly describe what passed, but it
was of that nature, that I considered it as an increase of
talent committed to our charge; and ought indeed afresh to
stimulate to seek after, and depend upon Him, who alone can
protect us. I-low much I desire that Friends may, at this
time, get beyond the natural part, that is indeed corruptible;
and get down to the spiritual part, that will unite us in the
love of Christ, and lead us to endeavour, in meekness and
forbearance one towards another, to come at the right thing.
I know well the harmony of Friends is great; but my fear




128        LIFE OF ELIZABETH F R Y.    [1806.
is lest the natural part should be disposed to take a part in
spiritual things, and sometimes lead us to judge, from externals, one of another, and so mar that spiritual beauty that
would otherwise show itself, and perhaps beguile some into
the way of godliness.
Her fourth child was born Sixth Month, 1st, 1806.
Sixth 3Month, 8th.-This day week I was confined with a
sweet boy.  How much do I now desire, that I may be able
to leave all things to the All-wise Disposer of events, trusting in his wisdom and mercy; so far indeed I have abundant
cause for thankfulness; and though my poor mind has,
at times, passed through a little of the depths, yet I have
felt the delivering power near at hand: may I hope that, in
the right time, it will again come to my help.
Seventh Month, 6th.-It struck me this morning at IMeeting, that in states when we appear to have no power of our
own, no energy, and no capability to do any good thing, our
cry is heard, and our petitions come in a more acceptable
form, than sometimes when full of power, vigour, and life.
How much do I desire that above all things, I may have a
life in doing the will of my Creator.  I am ready to believe that I had rather suffer affliction to be what I ought to
be, than to enjoy the pleasures of life, if less profitable.
Mildred's Court, Eleventh Mlironth, lOth. —I have received
a very sweet and encouraging letter from my beloved cousin
J. G. Bevan.  This led me, for many hours in the day, to
be in a craving state for spiritual food, and to anxious desires that the work might be perfected in me, and that nothing of the creature may ever stand in competition with the
will and the work of the Creator.
Early in the Twelfth NMonth, Joseph and Elizabeth Fry
went to Earlham, to be present at the marriage of her sister
Louisa, to Samuel Hioare, Jun., of Hampstead, AMiddlesex..Earlham. Twelfth JMonth, 26th.-On Fourth-day morn



1807.]     LIF E O F EL IZA BETH FRY.               129
ing, the 24th, our dear Louisa was married at Tasborougb
Mleeting.  A very serious and interesting time to us all.
fMy father, all of us eleven, my husband and Samuel H-oare.
The Meeting was very solemn, and did, to me, sweetly license them in their solemn engagement; it was like a seal
set to it. There was testimony upon testimony, and blessing upon blessing, from the ministers present; and, what
was better than all to me, a sweet inward covering over the
lieeting.  All appeared unity and love; rather remarkable
to see so large a family all so nearly sympa.thising, and
closely united.!My dear brother John was sweet indeed,
and deeply feeling; may it last in him, and may he truly
find the pearl of great price.
Nrewmarket, Twelfth JrMonth, 31st.-The last day of this
year, looking forward to the next.  Thou, who knowest what
our trials and temptations are, keep us faithful unto Thee;
preserve us from the snares of the enemy; be with us all
as a family; and bless the dispensations of Thy Providence
to us, by drawing us nearer to Thyself through them!
First JMonth, Gth, 1807.-My dear brother John, I believe this morning will marry our dear cousin Elizabeth
Gurney; may they truly prove blessings to each other, and
to both families.
The following letter was written shortly before this event.
My very dear John and Elizabeth,I leave off writing my journal, to write to you; for whilst
I was expressing in it my feelings, the love I then felt, and
now feel for thee, dear John, came so powerfully before me,
that instead of writing it in my journal, I wish to express it
to you both. Mly interest and sympathy is great in your
present undertaking; and my desire, sincere, that in your
union you may indeed obtain the Divine blessing.  What is
the Divine blessing, but in the first place to be cleansed firom
17




1.30        LIFE OF ELIZABETHI  FRY.              [1807.
our sins and weaknesses so fully, that we may, in innocency,
compass the altar of God availingly. And secondly, to live
under the protection of Him, who is able to save us from
every hurtful thing, and turn all the circumstances of our
lives to good account; so as in them to bless us, and draw us
nearer to Him, who can do all things for us, both inwardly
and outwardly.
It is hardly likely that I shall see you before, or soon after
you marry; you have, you know, my good wishes for your
prosperity in every way, but you must expect some bitter
mixed with the sweet cup; for without it we should rest too
much in the enjoyments of life.  I think you will be a very
devoted couple to each other; therefore I advise you to be
on your guard, and to remember that all natural things, and
natural affections amongst the rest, are corruptible.  That
there is something better that must be loved first, and that
we must hold all things in subjection to this Power, that
alone must be worshipped, and that alone can sanctify all
other things to us, and so make them partake of the enduring, powerful, heavenly nature.  This is what I desire all
my affections to be tinged with; that I may love those
who are near to me, not alone with my own natural feelings,
but that a better love may be felt in me towards them;
a love that is not affected by the separations and trials of
life.
MSildred's Court, First Jbonth,, 27th,.-Do with me as Thou
wilt, only let me be Thine! This is in measure my desire
this morning, and that whether it be in heights, or depths,
I may spend my life to Thy glory.
Elizabeth Fry again travelled into Norfolk, to attend the
wedding of her sister Hannah.
She was married at Tasborough Meeting, to Thomas
Fowell Buxton, afterward Sir T. Fowell Buxton, Bart.




1807.]     LIFE OF ELIZAB ETH  FRY.                 131
Fifth Jlontlh, 20th.-I have been deeply interested in my
beloved Hannah's marriage, which was satisfactory; I desire
their good every way. Now I am again entering Yearly
iMeeting; this leads me to various feelings, and some desires
after the good of the whole body, more particularly that we
may rest ir no form, and not make too much of it.  How
very poor I feel, but I admire at the merciful hand that still
appears extended to help me.
Sixth MJonth, 22nd.-To-day I have been to try to draw a
poor young woman from her evil course. I felt my own incapability to help her, and my own lukewarmness.  But I
desire that if it be right, I may receive a little help, and be
enabled in some measure, to assist in drawing a poor sinner
into a better path, and if such should be the case, may I give
the glory where it is due.
Plashet, Seventh JXionth, 20th — I have been, I think I
may say, very ill, with something of an intermittent fever.
I desire to express a little, what I have gone through.  I
have certainly, at times, been very closely pressed, bodily
and mentally: but for all that, I have no cause to complain,
but indeed to give thanks. I very soon found I had but one
place to fly to, but one sure place of refuge, and that was
humbly to endeavour with all my power, wholly to give
myself up to God, knowing His dispensations were all-wise:
as for my poor soul, I could only look to His mercy and
forgiveness; for He can pardon in mercy, little as I deserve
it.  I could offer few words on behalf either of soul or body,
but the desire was to be wholly given up to IHim, who could
do all things for me; I desired to leave all.  Oh, how do I
crave that I may, in sickness and in health, and under every
dispensation, be wholly given up, body, soul, and spirit, and
no longer falter as between two opinions.
Eyighth 2'/onth.-At Meeting, Richard Phillips spoke on the
necessity of faith, I felt tendered and refreshed, and so well
altogether, that health appeared quickly returning; but, not
unlike the events of life, the next morning I awoke ill; in a




132       LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.    [1808.
suffering state, and very faint. I had two days of considerable trial from such very deeply painful feelings of bodily
weakness and sinking, then a day of comparative rest.  The
next day a return of my old complaint, the fever, and one
more since then. It was of a very suffering nature to me
whilst it lasted; but still I may say with truth, I once more
have only cause to give thanks, for the burden did not appear
too hard, and there was a merciful and healing power open
to my cry, for I was helped, and my prayers appeared to be
granted. But I found that looking back to the help that I
had before experienced would not do; the manna of yesterday was not for to-day!
QUESTIONS FOR MYSELF.
First,-Hast thou this day been honest and true, in
performing thy duty towards thy Creator in the first place?
and secondly, towards thy fellow-creatures; or hast thou
sophisticated and flinched?
Second, —Hast thou been vigilant in frequently pausing in
the hurry and career of the day, to see whom thou art endeavouring to serve; whether thy Maker, or thyself?  And
every time that trial or temptation assailed thee, didst thou
endeavour to look steadily to the Delivering Power; even to
Christ, who can do all things for thee?
Third, —Hast thou endeavoured to perform thy relative
duties faithfully: been a tender, loving, yielding wife, where
thy own will and pleasure were concerned; a tender, yet
steady mother with thy children, making thyself quickly
and strictly obeyed, but careful in what thou requirest of
them: a kind, yet honest mistress, telling thy servants of
their faults, when thou thinkest it for their, or thy good, but
rnever unnecessarily worrying thyself, or them, about trifles:
and to every one endeavouring to do as thou wouldest be
done unto?
Mildred's Court, First IMonth, 1st? 1808.-A  new year
begun-and to me, with some weight at my heart; oh, for




1808.]     LIFE OF ELIZABETH F RY                  133
my beloved's welfare, as well as my own and our dear lambs,
spiritually. May none of us prove an injury to the principle
we profess; and may we, in all our undertakings, that originate in evil, be marred and stopped in our course. Oh! I
can say, if Thou seest meet, lead us not into temptation, but
deliver us from evil. I know how frail we all are, may we
not be utterly cast off; may we, in the end, prove our
integrity, and all be given up to follow the good alone, in
the newness of life. How grievous to serve the evil one; and
how sweet to follow Him, the Shepherd of Israel; and lead
others, in ever so small a measure, to do so. 0 Lord! I pray
for mercy, give us not up to the will of the enemy: may we
live to show forth Thy praise! I am favoured in some small
measure to hope in the Lord, and to rejoice in the power of
His salvation; for indeed He can deliver from evil.
15th.-I yesterday felt a good deal about iMary Ann —
coming to teach the children and live here, fearing for the
peace of our nursery establishment; and I did desire that I
might, in those matters, receive the Divine Blessing: for to
me it is no light matter to direct my household and children;
and I feel in that, as in all other things, without Divine assistance what can I do?
Second JMonth, 1 8th.-Oh, that my faith fail not, but that
I may be enabled to look to the right place for support!
Her fifth child was born in the Second Month.  In the
Fifth Month following, Elizabeth, wife of her eldest brother
John, died, after a, lingering illness. She was cut off in the
bloom of youth, and the height of human prosperity, at a
period when the large family of which she was a member,
were in the enjoyment of this world's brightest prospects.
Fifth Month, 27th.-Since I last wrote, I have gone
through much trouble.  Last Seventh-day week, an account
was received of the death of our mufch loved sister, Elizabeth Gurney. I felt it deeply; dullag her illness my heart




134        LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.               [1808.
cried unto the Lord for mercy, and that Hie would take her
unto Himself, and that her transgressions might be blotted
out. Being still so much inclined to trying, nervous feelings,
made me feel it in a more painful way. Not finding any rest
away from them all, Joseph and I went to Lynn-an afflicting time.  On Third-day morning, I had a most affecting
meeting with dear John, yet felt myself far too weak, poor,
and in too painfully nervous a state, to afford him comfort;
but rather needed it myself. It was a very melting interview.  The remainder of the day, being spent in the house
with the dear remains, was really sweet to me; I had comfort
in my sorrow.  Fourth-day, we left Lynn for Earlham.  The
next morning was the funeral at Norwich, and poor I, hardened, and almost entirely devoted to my own nervous feelings.
This was a trial to me, when I had hoped to have been enabled to seek after the best help for the dear afflicted; and
also to feel on account of our much loved lost Elizabeth.
But I desired that this humiliating dispensation might be for
my good.
Earl7ham, -Eight JIironth, 20th.-I have been married eight
years yesterday. Various trials of faith and patience have
been permitted me; my course has been very different to
what I had expected, and instead of being, as I had hoped, a
useful instrument in the Church Militant, here I am a careworn wife and mother, outwardly, nearly devoted to the
things of this life.  Though, at times, this difference in my
destination has been trying to me, yet, I believe those trials
(which have certainly been very pinching) that I have had
to go through, have been very useful, and brought me to
a feeling sense of what I am; and at the same time have
taught me where power is, and in what we are to glory; not
in ourselves, nor in anything we can be, or do, but we are
alone to desire that He may be glorified, either through us,
or others, in our being something, or nothing, as He may see
best for us. I have seen, particularly in our spiritual allotments, that it is not in man that walketh to direct his steps;




1808.]     LIFE OF ELIZABETH FRY.                  135
it is our place, only to be as passive clay in HIis holy hands;
simply and singly desiring, that He would make us what IHe
would have us to be. But the way in which this great work
is to be effected, we must leave to Him, who has been the
Author, and we may trust will be the Finisher of the work:
and we must not be surprised to find it going on differently,
to what our frail hearts would desire.
I may also acknowledge that, through all my trials, there
does appear to have been a particular blessing attending me,
both as to the fatness of the land and the dew of Heaven;
for though I have been at times deeply tried, inwardly and
outwardly, yet I have always found the delivering Arm has
been near at hand, and the trials have appeared blessed to
me.  The little efforts, or small acts of duty, I have ever
performed, have often seemed remarkably blessed to me;
and where others have been concerned, it has also, I think,
been apparent in them, that the effort on my part, has been
blessed to both parties. Also, what shall I say when I look
at my husband and my five lovely babes?  I-How I have been
favoured to recover from illnesses, and to get through them
without material injury in any way. I also observe, how
any little care towards my servants appears to have been
blessed, and what faithful and kind friends to me, I have
found them.  Indeed, I cannot enumerate my blessings; but
I may truly say, that of all the blessings I have received,
and still receive, there is none to compare to believing that I
am not yet forsaken, but notwithstanding all my deviations,
in mercy cared for. And (if all the rest be taken from me)
far above all, I desire, that if I should be led through paths
I know not of, which may try my weak faith and nature, I
may not lose my faith in Thee; but may increasingly love
Thee; delight to follow after Thee, and be singly Thine;
giving all things up to Thee, who hast hitherto been my only
merciful Protector and Preserver.
Again, sickness and death were permitted to enter her
immediate circle.  Henceforward, Elizabeth Fry was fre



136         LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.             [1808.
quently called upon to witness the last moments of some,
and largely to sympathize in the afflictions of others.  She
was now to partake personally in the solemn scene of death,
on occasion of the decease of her father-in-law, William Storrs
Fry; this event took place at Mildred's Court, where she
had nursed him assiduously during some weeks' illness. To
the latest period of her life, she dwelt with pleasure on the
satisfaction and privilege of having been permitted to be a
comfort and assistance to him during his passage through the
dark valley.  I-Ie was a man of piety and of an amiable
disposition, and had endeared himself to her by gentleness
and affectionate attention. His decease produced an important change in her circumstances, causing the-removal of the
family to Plashet.
Mildred's Court, Tenth 2Month, 17th.-We have,had my
poor father Fry here for five weeks, very ill indeed; and
last Seventh-day morning, at a little before two o'clock, he
died.  This was to me a very affecting time, not so much so
on his own account, as we had reason to hope and believe it
was well with him; but the awful sight of death was very
overcoming to me, never having witnessed such a scene before.  But I often had very sweet and refreshing moments
by his bed-side: and from his own expressions, we had
great reason for hope-at one time he said, he had no fear,
and indeed it appeared a well-grounded feeling. During the
first part of his illness, while at Mildred's Court, death appeared to him in an awful, and almost dreadful point of
view; he desired life for a little longer to prove his further
dedication; this he often expressed. After he was confined
up stairs, he seemed more to feel the necessity of an interest
in that Power which can alone do all things for us, and
prove indeed our salvation, for it is only through the redeeming power of Christ, we can look for salvation. He
said, he felt himself, "'a poor repentant nothing;" and
"alone depended on mercy."  Some days after that, he




1808.]     LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                  137
said he had "no fear:" and one morning when we thought
him dying, he said, we "' need not be afraid, for he was comfortable, comfortable, comfortable." I, with many others
wept, I believe with thankfulness. I felt little less than joy,
as I did at one or two other times in the room.  There was
such sweetness attending him. It is certainly an encouraging consideration, for it shows to me that it does not much
signify what talent is committed to us, if we be but faithful
with it.  My dear father-in-law was not one that had great
things required of him, apparently; but being faithful in
the little, we need not doubt, he now possesses more. I
loved him very dearly, and his memory is sweet to me; I
have a pleasure in considering I was able to nurse him in
his last illness.  There is one remark I make, that I believe
it is through Christ we are saved, but I would not have
that lessen our diligence to work out our own salvation, for I
believe those who endeavour to follow Him, are enabled to
have faith, and have an interest in that power that can save.
Eleventh MJonth, 10th.-I have hardly settled at home
since my dear father's death.  Last First-day, I was sent
for to see my dear sister Hannah, who was very poorly; it
proved to be the scarlet fever, and being the only sister at
liberty, I have nursed her. This I consider a great privilege
to be able to do; though I have felt it a very serious thing,
with a young babe, and the mother of so many little lambs,
to enter so catching a disorder. I have desired that I might
not enter it in my own will, or simply to gratify inclination,
which leads me to enjoy nursing those I love so dearly: circumstances appeared to bring me into it, indeed I had hardly
an option, as I was in the first instance brought into it, not
knowing what the complaint was; and in the second, there
was no one else that I thought proper to fill my place, as
my sister Louisa was prevented. I have desired that what
is really best for me may occur, even if it be to pass through
trouble. But if my merciful Creator sees meet to preserve
me and my family, from any further suffering on this ac.
18




138        LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.              [1808.
count, may I be enabled to give the praise where it is due,
and may it afresh stimulate me to seek with renewed vigilance, to dedicate myself, and all that belongs to me, to Him
whom my poor, weak, unworthy soul loves; I could think
beyond everything; though I know the world has a strong
hold, and perhaps my heart is more devoted to it, than to
its Creator. I feel thankful for my beloved sister being
better.
Plashet, 20th. —Though I have been but very delicate in
my health the last week, yet I have been favoured with
sweet and precious moments. I have felt sweet peace, not
exactly the peace arising from any act of obedience in particular; but unmerited, unlooked for quietness of soul, so that
I could say, my peace flows as a river! not that my natural
spirits have been high, far from it; but there has, at times, been
an enjoyment in the low valley, far above any feeling of exhilaration; and I have been reminded of that text, " Thou wilt
keep him in perfect peace, whose mind is staid on Thee."
Though, as I said before, I am conscious that this is quite an
unmerited state; and also how little I have done, towards
trying to stay my mind in the right place. No one, as yet,
has taken the complaint of my sister, which I consider a
great outward blessing; may I be enabled to give thanks,
and to prove my thankfulness, by more and more endeavouring to give up body, soul, and spirit, to the service of
my beloved MIaster; if I dare say so of Him, whom my
soul delights to serve.
Fragment that occurs at this part of the Journal.
Children should be deeply impressed with the belief, that
the first and great object of their education is, to follow
Christ, and indeed to be true Christians: and those things
on which we, the Society of Friends, differ from the world
in general, should not, I think, be impressed on them, by
only saying, as is often done, 1" because lFriends do it,;" but




1809.]     LIFE OF ELIZABETH FRY.                  139
singly and simply as things that the Christian life appears
to us to require, and that therefore they must be done.
They should also early be taught, that all have not seen
exactly the same; but that there are many, equally belonging to the church of Christ, who may, in other respects, be
as much stricter than ourselves, as we are than they in these
matters. But this does not at all lessen the necessity of our
employing a simple mode of expressing ourselves, who are
permitted to see the consistency and propriety of it.
(Signed)    ELIZABETH FRY.
30th.-At this time there is no set of people I feel so
much about, as servants:-I do not think they have generally justice done to them; they are too much considered as
another race of beings, and we are apt to forget that the
holy injunction holds good with them, " Do as thou wouldest
be done unto," and I believe that, in striving to do so, we
shall not take them out of their station in life; but endeavour to render them happy and contented in it, and be truly
their friends, though not their familiars, or equals, as to the
things of this life; for we have reason to believe the difference in our stations is ordered by a wiser than ourselves,
who directs us how to fill our different places; but we must
endeavour never to forget, that, in the best sense, we are
all one, and though our paths here may be different, we have
all souls equally valuable, and have all the same work to do;
which, if properly considered, should lead us to great sympathy and love, and also to a constant care for their welfare,
both here and hereafter.
Mfildred's Court, Second Month, 14th, 1809.-The thought
of forming a new establishment at Plashet, with servants,
&c., is, to me, a very serious one. I find it so difficult fully
to do my duty towards them, and even when I do, to give
them satisfaction. My mind is often much burdened on this
subject; I long to make them my friends, and for us all to
live in harmony and love. We greatly (I mean servants




140       LIFE OF ELIZABETH FRY.    [1809,
and their heads in general) misunderstand each other; I
fully believe partly from our different situations in life, and
partly from our different educations, and the way in which
each party is apt to view the other. Masters and mistresses
are greatly deficient, I think in the general way, and so are
most servants towards them: it is for both to keep in view
strictly to do unto others, as they would be done unto; and
also to remember that we are indeed all one with God.
Oh, that I may keep watchful and near my Guide; and
that if it be consistent with the Divine will, I may be
enabled to say, "As for me, and my house, we will serve
the Lord," and delight to do His commandments.




1809-1813. Removal to Plashet, enjoyment of the country-Birth
of her sixth child, 1809-Summons into Norfolk-Death of her father-Extract from the journal of Rachel Gurney-Commencement
of her public ministry-Funeral of her cousin Anna ReynoldsLetter to a distant friend-Visit to Earlham-Journey into Gloucestershire-Birth of her seventh child, 1811-Acknowledged as a
minister by Friends-Attention to the Poor, School, &c. —Norwich
Bible Society-Death of a little niece-Journey with Henry Hull
and her sister, Priscilla Gurney —Visit to the Meetings of Friends
in Norfolk-Extract from a letter to her cousin, J. G. Bevan —Letter to Edward Edwards —Death of a domestic servant- Death of
Eliza Shepherd-Birth of her eighth child, 1812-Letter to her
cousin, J. G. Bevan-Removal to London for the winter-Religious
visit to Friends of the London Quarterly Meeting —For the first time
goes to Newgate-State of that prison.
IN the spring of 1809, Joseph and Elizabeth Fry removed
to Plashet.
This change, from the smoke and din of a crowded city, to
the calm tranquillity of the country was most delightful. It
was a renewal of early tastes and pleasures, not the less appreciated because years of vicissitudes had passed over her,
leaving traces of hard-earned experience. She had remarkably the talent of throwing aside graver objects, and, for
short intervals, divesting herself of care.  She would enjoy
her garden and flowers, generally with some of her children
about her, and then as quickly resume her employments.
Although these occupations appeared different, there was
unity of purpose in the whole. She desired to serve God
in the fulfilment of her daily duties; she offered to Him the
sacrifice of thanksgiving, by the spirit in which she accepted
(141)




142        LIFE  OF ELIZABETIH  FRY.           [1809.
and enjoyed Hits beauties in creation. Her brow would
relax, and her countenance beam with intelligence, as she
explained to her children the wonders of the Heavenly
bodies, the structure of an insect, or the growth and beauty
of a flower.
In the dealings of God with man, there is a marvellous
adaptation to the respective powers and circumstances of
each individual. When he requires unusual service, or peculiarly active devotion to the cause of religion upon earth,
He frequently bestows with it, a power in proportion, of
receiving refreshment and delight from the outward blessings
of life.  That many refuse to enjoy, and deny themselves
the good things that He has provided for His children,
proves nothing against the bounty and indulgence of the
hand which proffers them. After the deepest conflicts of
spirit, amidst heavy and peculiar sorrows, she, whose character we desire to portray, would turn with a thankful
heart to the blessings granted; her courage raised, her faith
strengthened, by thus dwelling on His wonderful goodness
to the children of men.
Plashet, Third 3Month, 8th, 1809.-My dearest little Rachel
has been seriously unwell for some time past, so as to make
me very low at times; but I have not suffered much from
painful anxiety, as, in mercy, I may say I have been screened
from that feeling. I desire, with regard to my dear lambs,
to be ready to give them up, if called for at my hand; for
we know not what is best for them; and I believe we should
seek to look upon them, as charges committed to our stewardship, and not as our property.
Plashet, Sixth Mionth, 13th.-After having gone through
so much since I last wrote, it is difficult for me to express all,
but more particularly from rather unusual and repeated causes
of thankfulness, in having experienced the Divine Arm held
out for my encouragement and help. I had one or two very
striking times during the Yearly Meeting, as if meant to con



1809.]     LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  fRY.               143
firm my poor, feeble faith.  Once, when dear Ann Crowley
and John Hull dined with us; before a word was spoken, or
the cloth was removed from the table, my soul was brought
from a dry, fiat, insensible state, to be humbly prostrate
before Him, whom it has at times desired to serve.  So much
so, -that I felt that this was enough, without words from
others: but it was not long before dear Ann Crowley had to
express the same, and told me the very thoughts and
feelings of my mind and heart. It was indeed a wonderful
confirmation; almost like seeing face to face in a glass.
What a blessing to be under such a living ministry, that speaks
to, and reveals the innermost soul! Since the Yearly Meeting, I have been greatly helped and supported through the
trial of my dear sister Elizabeth Gurney's confinement,
which, at one time, I felt no strength to encounter; but
power and courage were given me sufficient for the day.
Seventh JMonth, 3rd.-I have, as usual, to acknowledge
many mercies received by me; I have been greatly occupied
in attending my sister Fry, who had been dangerously ill,
from breaking a blood-vessel. I have felt her patient conduct an example to me.
Nintlh Month, 13th.-Time runs on apace. I desire my
imagination may not dwell on that which is before it.
Every outward thing appears nearly, if not quite ready; and
as for the inward preparation, I cannot prepare myself.
Her sixth child was born on the 20th of this month.
23rd.-On Fourth-day, my lovely boy was born. I had
to ackinowledge present help in trouble, so that I could only
give thanks; indeed I have renewed cause for thankfulness
and praise, which my poor, unworthy mind has felt little able
to render since, being weak at times, tempted and tried;
but I desire to abide near, and cling to that Power, that can
pardon and deliver.
Tenth Month, 5th.-Yesterday I was much affected by an




144         LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  PRY.             [1809.
account of poor dear nurse at Earlham, being dangerously
ill of scarlet fever, at Lynn, and not likely to live.  Sweet
love and unity I have towards her, accompanied by a feeling
b)elief that it will be well with her, in life or in death; for I
could almost say, she bore the mark of her high calling, being
a: living example in the house; not a talker, but a doer of
the work; at least so she appeared to me. This awfully
brings death home, which indeed I feel hardly able to look
at in my own power, but it is one of those subjects upon
which I do not desire often to dwell, I had rather look to the
work of each hour as it comes: and oh, when it please the
Master to call me hence, may He find me watching!
6th.-The account of dear nurse's death arrived yesterday; in her, we have all lost a most valuable friend.
Her father's health appeared failing, and she thus alludes
to it:
lTunbridge Wells, 16th.-Since I last wrote, I have had
much to feel on account of my dear father: dearest Priscilla
has also had the scarlet fever. I have felt all these things:
but not in a distressing way, having more hope than fear,
and both of them going on well has been a comfort to me.
With regard to myself, my health has altogether continued
finely; a little more nervous trial the last day or two. But
I desire to be submissive and quiet if I can, under whatever
may come, if it be right that I should be tried.  Having no
Meeting here, we yesterday sat silently together in the
family; and I have to relate what has pained me with regard
to myself. There appeared, on our first sitting down, so
solemn a covering, but, notwithstanding all my covenants,
and all my good desires, I flinched in spirit, and turned my
mind from it, instead of feeling, " Speak, Lord, for thy servant
heareth;" my great fear was, lest I should have to acknowledge, that I believed the promise was verified with us,
"where two or three are met together in My name, there
am I in the midst of them."




1809.]      LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.               145
Now, I think it very likely I should not have found myself
thus called upon: but my fear was so great, that I dare not
ask whether it were the right call or not, but turned from it.
This has renewedly led me to see what I am, and humbly to
desire, feeling my own extreme weakness and rebellious heart,
that HIe, who has in mercy begun the work in me, will be
pleased still to carry it on, and to grant ability to do that
which he may require at my hands. I could almost have
said, yesterday, "Let not Thine hand spare, nor Thine eye
pity, until thou hast made me what Thou wouldest have me
to be;" and yet, afterwards, I was more disposed to say,
" Be pleased to mix mercy with judgment." I had a sweet
little encouragement during my confinement; being one
morning rather remarkably led to feel for a young woman
whom I believed to be devoted to the world; and that very
person calling a few hours afterwards, though I did not know
she was coming, I was enabled to express what I felt to her,
and had to experience the truth of that text, " in the day of
my power my people shall be made a willing people:" it appeared as if this were granted to help me through it, in my
very weak state: may I show my gratitude by further obedience, when power is less manifested.
Earlham, 30th. —I hardly know how to express myself:I have indeed passed through wonders. On the 26th, as we
were sitting quietly together, (after my dear sister Richenda
had left us, and my soul had bowed on my beloved father's
account, of whom we had daily very poor reports,) an express
arrived bringing Chenda back, saying our most dear father
was so ill, that they did not expect his life would be spared.
Words fall short to describe what I felt, he was so tenderly
near and dear to me. We soon believed it best to set off for
this place, on some accounts under great discouragement, principally from my own bodily weakness, and also the fever in
the house; but it did not appear as if we could omit it, feeling
as we did; therefore, after a tender parting with my beloved
flock, my dearest Joseph, Chenda, and I with the baby, set off}
19




146        LIFE  OF E LIZABETH  FRY.    [1809.
WVe arrived at Mildred's Court the first night, where our
dear sister left us, in hopes of seeing our parent alive.  In
very great weakness I set off the next morning, and had, at
times, great discouragements; but many hours were comforting and sweet. 1-learing on the road, at the different stages,
that my dearest father was living, we proceeded till we
arrived at Earlham, about twelve o'clock that night.  We
got out of the carriage, and once more, saw him who has
been so inexpressibly dear to me through life, since I knew
what love was; he was asleep, but death was strongly marked
on his sweet, and to me, beautiful face. Whilst in his room,
all was sweetness, nothing bitter, though how I feel his loss
is hard to express: but indeed I have had abundant cause
to rejoice on his account..lfter very deep probation, his
mind was strikingly visited, and consoled, at last, in passing
through the valley of the shadow of death. He frequently
expressed that he feared no evil, but believed that, through
the mercy of God in Christ, he should be received in glory;
his deep humility, and the tender and loving state he was
in, were most valuable to those around him. Ite encouraged
us, his children, to hold on our way; and sweetly expressed
his belief, that our love of good (in the degree we had it)
had been a stimulus and help to him.
The next morning he died, quite easily; I was not with
him, but on entering his room soon after it was over, my
soul was bowed within me, in love, not only for the deceased,
but also for the living, and in humble thankfulness; so that
I could hardly help uttering (which I did) my thanksgiving
and praise, and also what I felt for the living, as well as
the dead. I cannot understand it: but the power given
was wonderful to myself, and the cross none-my heart was
so full that I could hardly hinder utterance.
She repeated the passage from the Revelation which she
afterwards uttered at the funeral, " Great and marvellous
are Thy works, Lord God Almighty; just and true are thy




1809.]       LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.              147
ways, thou King of saints."  Her sister Rachel thus describes it-" Dear Betsy uttered thanksgiving, and a song
of rejoicing, for mercy that had been so richly extended to
our beloved father; and a prayer, that it might be continued
to us all."
I have desired since to leave this event; but it was a glorious time, such an one as I never before passed through, all
love, all joy, all peace, or the nearest I think to that state,
that I ever experienced. I had the first night of coming, a
few nervous and painful moments about the scarlet fever, on
account principally of my beloved flock at home; and a fear,
whether in my weak state of body, it might not be too much
for me. But love so powerfully drew me to them, that I
believe I could not properly have staid away; and indeed I
have felt in my place, as far as I could tell. Should I forsake my beloved family in the day of trouble? I hope, and
believe not! we have had most valuable and sweetly enlivening times together; all love; I believe each of our hearts
quickened, to feel fresh and renewed desire to be dedicated
to His service, who has thus shown H-imself in mercy to our
beloved father.  What can we render for all these benefits?
Eleventh.Monthl, 3rd.-We attended cur beloved father's
funeral. Before I went, I was so deeply impressed at times,
with love to all, and thanksgiving, that I doubted whether it
might not possibly be my place to express it there; but I did,
the evening before, humbly crave not to be permitted to do
so, unless rightly called to it. PIear of man appeared greatly
taken away. I sat the meeting under a solemn quietness,
though there was preaching that neither disturbed nor enlivened me much: the same words still powerfully impressed
me, that had done ever since I first entered the room where
the corpse was. Upon going to the grave this still continued;
under this solemn quiet calm, the fear of man appeared so
much removed, that I believe my sole desire was, that the
will of God might be done in me. Though it was unpleasant




148         LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.             [1809.
to me, what man might say, yet I most feared it was a temptation, owing to my state of sorrow; but that, I fully believe
was not the case, as something of the kind had been on my
mind so long; but it had appeared more ripe the last few
weeks, and even months, I had so often had to "rejoice in
the Lord, and glory in the God of.my salvation;" that it
had made me desire, that others might partake, and know
how good he had been to my soul, and be encouraged to
walk in those paths, which I had found to be paths of pleasantness and peace.  However, after a solemn waiting, my
dear uncle Joseph spoke, greatly to my encouragement and
comfort, and the removal of, some of my fears. I remained
still, till dearest John began to move to go away; when it
appeared as if it could not be omitted, and I fell on my
knees, and began, not knowing how I should go on, with
these words, " Great and marvellous are thy works, Lord
God Almighty, just and true are all Thy ways, Thou King
of Saints; be pleased to receive our thanksgiving;" and
there I seemed stopped, though I thought that I should have
had to express, that I gave thanks on my beloved father's
account. But not feeling the power continue, I arose directly;
a quiet, calm, and invigorated state, mental and bodily, were
my portion afterwards, and altogether a sweet day, but a very
painful night, discouraged on every side, I could believe, by
him who tries to deceive. The discouragement appeared to
arise principally from what others would think, and nature
flinched, and sank, but I was enabled this morning to commit myself in prayer.  May I be preserved in future, if my
life be spared, from taking Thy holy name in vain; enable
me, if Thou seest meet, to follow hard after Thee, that I may
know Thy voice, Thou Shepherd and Bishop of souls, and
be as one of Thy sheep! It was my prayer this morning, to
be able to turn from the subject, as my poor, weak mind felt
hardly able to look at it, which was in some measure the
case. This day has altogether been a comfortable one, though
very low at times, and having to walk in the valley; may I




1809.]     LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                149
be enabled, if it be right for me, to trust, and not to fear.  I
have greatly felt my beloved father's loss to-day, and yesterday; though calm, yet I suffered much on his account; he
was in some things, like my heart's delight; I so enjoyed to
please him, and was so fond of him, that to hear of the sufferings he passed through, before he came to a state of
reconciliation, greatly affected me to-day; but I have had
more comfort on his account, than anything else.  The
great love and kindness I have received from them all, and
from my uncle Joseph, has been encouraging to me; and
my husband has been a true helpmate, and sweet counsellor.
Some account of this scene of bereavement, and yet of
great consolation, is extracted from the journal of her sister,
Rtachel Gurney, and is as follows:"' jionday October 23rd, 1809.-To-day my dear father
expressed to me his conviction, of the necessity of preparinlg for another world, whilst health and strength were ours;
he said, that he trusted mercy would be extended to him, for
all his past errors, and infirmities; and acknowledged thankfully how he had been blessed with spiritual support; although discouragement and heaviness had been, at times, his
portion.
" A paroxysm  of pain, attended with great anguizsh of
mind, caused him to speak despondingly of his. condition;
and the text,' If any man say he is without sin, he is a liar,
and the truth is not in him,' recurred painfully to him, until
reminded of the ensuing verses,' If any man sin, we have
an Advocate with the Father, Jesus Christ, the righteous,'
&e., which gave him some comrfort, although his mind was
burdened, and his spirit oppressed, by the remembrance and
consciousness of sin.  My sister Catherine pointed out to
him the precious promise,' To him who forgave much, shall
much be forgiven,' as applying particularly to his case.
This was to him a beaming consolation, and he replied,' Few
men, have, I believe, forgiven more than I have.'




150        LIFE OF ELIZABETH FRY.              [1809.
" On Monday night, a very interesting conversation took
place. My dear father spoke of the purity of the law laid
down by our Saviour, extending even to the thoughts and
desires, and lamented his frequent failings, and short-comings.  He acknowledged that the love of religious truth, and
the conscientious practice which characterized his children,
had been the means of blessing and instruction to him; and
he sought their prayers in the present hour of extreme
trial.
"I was composedly observing a holy peace shedding its
radiance on his countenance, as he sank that night to rest;
and I sat by his bed-side, in the full assurance of faith, that
the Lord was present with him, notwithstanding the doubts
and fears which had oppressed him. Tuesday was a mournful day. Deep probation of spirit, and grievous depression
from bodily illness were his portion, but he wrestled with
God in prayer, and grace and help were given him. On
Wednesday morning, his mind shone forth in wonderful
brightness, and although the spasms of pain which he endured were agonising, grace appeared to triumph, and his
spirit seemed to rise out of the fiery furnace, purified by
the Great Refiner. With simplicity and ardour he laid hold
on the hope set before him; trusting only in the satisfaction
that has been made for sinners, by the blood of Christ.
The consolation attendant upon this change in his mind was
the greater, from the sore conflicts he had had to pass
through in his illness, and the anguish of mind he had endured.
" I-e was comforted by the presence of his children, who
had assembled around him, and expressed to us with tenderness and humble thankfulness, his deep and grateful
sense, that he owed more to us than he had been able to
give us, and that we had indeed been to him a strength and
stimulus in all good things.  He continued in the possession
of joy and peace until his death, which took place on Saturday morning, the 28th of October, when he entered (wo




1809.]    LIFE OF ELIZABETH FRY.                   151
humbly trust) that region, where the redeemed ones rejoice
in the view, as well as feel the influence, of their God."
Plashet, Eleventh JMonth, 16th.. —We arrived here on
Third-day evening; though plunged into feeling before I
arrived, I felt flat on meeting my tenderly beloved little flock.
I was enabled, coming along, to crave help; in the first
place, to be made willing either to do, or to suffer, whatever
was the Divine will concerning me.  I also desired that I
might not be so occupied with the present state of my mind,
as to its religious duties, as in  any  degree, to  omit
close attention to all daily duties, my beloved husband,
children, servants, poor, &c.; but if I should be permitted
to enter the humiliating path, that has appeared to be
opening before me, to look well at home, and not discredit
the cause I desire to advocate.  Last First-day morning, I
had a deeply trying Meeting, on account of the words, " Be
of good courage, and he will strengthen your hearts, all ye
that hope in the Lord," which had impressed me towards
Norwich Meeting before I went into it; and after I had sat
there a little time they came with double force, and continued resting on my mind until my fright was extreme;
and it appeared almost as if I must, if I did my duty, utter
them. I hope I did not wholly revolt, but I did cry in my
heart, for that time to be excused, that like Samuel, I
might apply to some Eli to know what the voice was that I
heard; my beloved Uncle Joseph, I thought was the person; on this sort of excuse or covenant, as I may call it, a
calmness was granted the rest of the Meeting, but not the
reward of peace.  As soon as the Meeting was over, I went
to my dear uncle, and begged him to come to Earlham to
see me. The conflict I had passed through was so great,
as to shake my body, as well as mind, and I had reason
to fear and to believe, I should have been happier, and much
more relieved in mind, if I had given up to this little service; I have felt since like one in debt to that Meeting.
My dear uncle came, and only confirmed me, by his




152        LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.              [1809.
kind advice, to walk by faith, and not by sight: he
strongly advised a simple following of what arose, and expressed his experience of the benefit of giving up to it, and
the confusion of not doing so.  How have I desired since,
not to stand in the fear of man; but I believe it is the
soul's enemy, seeking whom he may devour; for terrible as
it was, as then presented to me, and as it often had been
before, yet, when some ability was granted to get through,
that same enemy would have had me glory on that account.
May I not give way either to one feeling or the other, but
strive to look to the preserving power of God.
Twelfth MJonth, 4th. —When I have given up in the morning, only to make an indifferent remark to the servants, on
our reading, sweet peace has been my portion; but when it
has been presented to me, and I have not followed, far different has been the case. In Md-eeting, it is such an awful
matter, for the sake of others as well as myself.  If it be
Thy work in me, be pleased, 0 Lord! to grant faith and
power, sufficient for the needful time; I long to serve Thee,
and to do Thy commandments, and I believe if I be faithful
in the little, Thou wilt be pleased to make me ruler over
more.
9th.-Soon after sitting down in Meeting, (on Fourth day,)
I was enabled to feel encouraged by these words,'" Though
the enemy come in like a flood, the Spirit of the Lord will
lift up a standard against him."  This appeared my experience, for soon the storm was quieted, and a degree even of
ease was my portion. About eleven o'clock, these same
words, that had done so in Norwich meeting, came feelingly
over me-" Be of good courage, and I4e will strengthen
your hearts, all ye that hope in the Lord:" And that,
which had hitherto appeared impossible to human nature,
seemed not only possible, but I believe I was willing;
simply desiring that, in this new and awful undertaking, I
might not lose my faith, and that the Divine will might be
done in me.  Under this sense and feeling, as if I could not




1809.]     LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.               153
omit, I uttered them.  Though clearness still continued,
nature, in a great measure, seemed to sink under the effort
afterwards, and low feelings and imaginations to have much
dominion, which, in mercy, were soon relieved, and I have
gone on sweetly and easily since, often even rejoicing.
11th.-Surrounded with numerous outward occupations,
weak in body, and at times tossed in mind, so that the wall
of preservation appears almost broken down, yet my heart
says, I will not fear but that I shall, at last, praise Him,
whom I desire to be " the health of my countenance, and
my God." I feel a wish, and great necessity of pressing
hard after Him, who alone can preserve me, for when the
enemy appears, to whom can I flee, but to Him, whom I desire to call Father? and who has hitherto proved my merciful
Protector. Be pleased to keep me in this hour; make me, O
Lord! what Thou wouldest have me to be; enable me to
become passive in Thy holy hand: mayst Thou be glorified,
even if it be through my suffering; and preserve me from
ever taking, what is only Thy due, to myself.
22nd. —Again, on Fourth-day, I have dared to open my
mouth in public: I am ready to say, What has come to me?
Even in supplication-that the work might be carried on in
myself and others, and that we might be preserved from
evil. My weight of deep feeling on the subject, I believe,
exceeded any other time; I was, I may say, brought into a
wrestling state, that the work of the ministry in me might,
if right, be carried on, if not, stopped short. I feel of
myself, no power for such a work; I may say, wholly unable; yet, when the feeling and power continue, so that I
dare not omit it, then what can I do?
23rd. —Giving up, to make a little remark after reading
to the servants, has brought sweet peace; indeed so far, it
has appeared to me, that prompt obedience has brought me
the most peace.  The prospect of the Meetings next week,
more particularly the Quarterly Meeting, already makes me
tremble, I can hardly say why, but it is very awful to be
20




154        LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.    [1810.
thus publicly exposed, in a work that I feel so little fitted
for; yet, I believe, it is not my own doing, nor at my own
command.
Plashet, First Jionth, 1st, 1810. —Tt is rather awful to me
entering a new year, more particularly when I look at the
alterations the last has made-most striking the last three
months, or a little more!  First, a child born; second, the
loss of nurse; third, my beloved father's death; fourth, my
mouth being opened in Meetings.  My heart says, What
can I render, for having been so remarkably and mercifully
carried through these various dispensations of Providence?
I think I never knew the Divine Arm so eminently extended
for my comfort, help, and deliverance; and though of late,
I may, in a degree, have had to pass through the valley of
the shadow of death, yet it has not lasted long at a time,
and oh, the incomings of love, joy, and peace, that have, at
other periods, arisen for my confirmation and consideration [
But the manna of yesterday, I find, will not do for to-day.
9tzh.-In the evening of First-day, I expressed what I had
long on my mind to the servants, on entering a new year,
which brought sweet peace.  Yesterday, we dined at my
brother and sister Samuel Gurney's-we met there my bro
ther and sister Hoare, and my brother Powell Buxton; I
felt afterwards, as if I had not been enough on my guard, in
conduct and conversation, indeed I awfully feel my conduct
with regard to others, as well as to myself; for it appears
strange for those to preach, who do not practise.  Oh  for
a double watch over thought, word, and deed 
11th.-It has been strongly impressed on me, how very
little it matters, when we look at the short time we remain
here, what we appear to others; and how far too much, we
look at the things of this life.  What does it signify, what
we are thought of here, so long as we are not found wanting
towards our Heavenly Father?  Why should we so much
try to keep something back, and not be willing to offer ourselves up to Him, body, soul, and spirit, to do with us what




1801.]     LIFE OF ELIZABETIH FR Y.                155
may seem best unto Him, and to make us what He would
have us to be?  O Lord! enable me to be more and more,
singly, simply, and purely obedient to Thy service!
Second IJionth, 5th. —The first part of last week I was
much occupied in arranging my new household; at least,
two new servants, housekeeper and cook. I much felt the
weight of filling my place rightly towards the servants,
whom I may say, I love; how did I desire to help them, in
the best sense, and that I might feel, that, as for me and
my house, we will serve the Lord; I may say, there is nothing
I desire so much; and the more I know, and the more I
wish to follow Him in the way of His requirings, the more
sweet' do I find the path, and the more desirable does it
appear.
19th.-Yesterday was an awful, and to me instructive day
at Plaistow MIeeting. I had not sat very long, before I was
brought into much feeling desire that the darkness in some
minds might be enlightened; however, no clearness of expression came with it, but under a very solemn covering of
the spirit of supplication, a few words offering, I, after a time
gave way to utter them; but that which appeared greatly in
the cross to me, was having some words presented, to speak
in testimony (ministry) afterwards, which I did, I believe,
purely because I desired to serve my Master, and not to look
too much to the opinion of my fellow-servants; and there was,
to me, a remarkable solemnity, and something like an owning,
or accepting, of this poor little offering.  I have desired,
and have been in a degree enabled, to feel a little on that
sure foundation; that although the wind may blow, and the
rain may descend, yet whilst I keep on this Rock, they will
not be able utterly to cast me down.  What a mercy, amidst
the storm, to feel, ever so slightly, something of a sure foundation! Thus much I know, that, even if I be mistaken in
this awful undertaking, my desire is to serve Him in it,
whom my soul, I may truly say, loves and delights to please.
0 Lord! I pray Thee, preserve Thy poor handmaid in the




156         LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.    [1810.
hour of temptation; and enable me to follow Thee in the
way of Thy requirings, even if they lead me into suffering,
and unto death.
31st.-My little   ~  has been very naughty; his will I
find very strong; oh, that my hands may be strengthened
rightly to subdue it. O Lord! I pray for help, in these important duties! I may truly say, I had rather my dear lambs
should not live, than live eventually to dishonour Thy great
cause; rather may they be taken in innocency, but, if Thou
seest meet, O Lord! preserve them from great evils, and be
pleased in Thy abundant mercy to be with them, as Thou
hast been, I believe, with their poor unworthy parents; visit
them, and revisit them, until Thou hast made them what
Thou wouldest have them to be. Oh, that I could, like
Hannah, bring them to Thee, to be made use of as instruments in Thy Holy Temple! I ask nothing for them, in
comparison of Thy love; and above all blessings, that they
may be vessels in Thy House; this blessing I crave for them,
that they may be employed in Thy service, for indeed I can
bow and say what honour, what joy so great, as in ever so
small a measure, to serve Thee, O Lord 
Mildred's Court, Sixth JMlonth, lst. —Yesterday I attended
the funeral of our beloved Anna Reynolds, whose death has
been deeply felt by me. We had, I think, I may truly say,
a glorious time, for the power of the most High, appeared to
overshadow us: a belief of her being in safety, has bowed
my soul prostrate, in humble thankfulness, and renewedly
led me to desire to prove my gratitude for such unspeakable
mercy, as has been showed my near and beloved relations,
by my love and entire dedication. I uttered a few words in
supplication, at the ground; my uncle Joseph, my cousin
Priscilla, and many others beautifully ministered; after
Meeting, I might truly say, my cup ran over, such sweetness
covered my mind. After a solemn time in the family, with
dear cousin Priscilla, and Ann Crowley, I ventured on my
knees, praying, that His Holy Hand would not spare, nor




1810.]    LIFE OF ELIZABETH FRY.                    157
His eye pity, until He made us what he would have us to
be; only I craved, that He would not forsake us, but, let us
be made in some small measure sensible, that He was with
us, and that it was His rod, and Htis staff, that we depended
upon. Through heights, and through depths, through riches,
and through poverty; may it alone be my will, to do the will
of the Father!
Plasket, 2d. —I have found it pleasant and refreshing,
being again with my beloved family in this sweet place. I
have desired that the time spent in the Yearly Meeting, and
what I have received there, may return as bread cast upon
the waters.
To an early friend, and guest at Mildred's Court, she
writes, describing her outward circumstances, and mental
exercises, about this time.
Plashet, Seventh Month, 1810.
My beloved Friend,
As I have been much with thee in mind this morning, I
feel inclined to tell thee how sincerely I love thee; I believe
in that love which neither time nor distance can affect.
Looking back to some account of what I passed through
when thou wast at our house long ago, and how nearly I felt
united to thee, has brought thee to my remembrance. I have
often felt disposed to write to thee, since thou left England,
but did not feel my letters worth sending so far; many
changes have taken place, since we were together, perhaps
more remarkably to me; we have now six little children,
three girls and three boys, all well and lovely, and much
enjoyment they give us, though at times in looking to their
best interest, we are ready to tremble for them: may we do
our part, so that we can in faith and humble confidence, look
to Him who can alone bless our endeavours.  All our beloved
parents are taken from us, the loss of my own father, as thou
mayst suppose, was a close trial, but I am ready to believe
and hope, it brought its blessings to many of us; the great




158        LIFE  OF.ELIZABETH  FRY.            [1810.
mercy he received at last, from his having a sweet hope and
confidence, that, through the mercy of his Redeemer, it would
be well with him, proved to my mind, I think, the strongest
excitement to gratitude I ever experienced, so much so, that
it appeared to break the ice for me, and on my knees I publicly expressed my thankfulness.  This matter of publicly
exposing myself, in this way, has been for many years
struggling in my mind, long before I married, and once
or twice when with thee, in London, I hardly knew how to
dare to refrain.  The past I must leave, but I am ready to
think extreme unwillingness to give up to this matter, has
kept me longer than I need have been, in a lukewarm, and
at times wilderness estate; however, since a way has thus been
made for me, it appears as if I dare not stop the work; if it
be a right one, may it go on and prosper, if not, the sooner
stopped, the better.  I can hardly doubt, if I am only enabled
to cling fast to Him, whose work I believe it is, that I shall
experience preservation, though I find my state a new one:
I do not understand myself, and I find I must walk by faith,
and not by sight; at times I am permitted to abound, and to
feel power that I cannot but believe to be beyond myself,
at others, brought very low, poor, weak and almost miserable;
my faith tried as to a hair's breadth; yet through all, I have
found abundant cause for thanksgiving and praise.
Ei ghth YJionth., loth. —I have thought this morning, I may
in a measure adopt the language of the blessed Virgin, " My
soul doth magnify the Lord, and my spirit hath rejoiced in
God my Saviour."  May my being led out of my own family,
by what appear to me duties, never be permitted to hinder
my doing my duty fully towards it, or so occupy my attention, as to make me, in any degree, forget or neglect home
duties. I believe it matters not where we are, or what we
are about, so long as we keep our eye fixed on doing the
great Master's work, and that whatever we do, may be done
to His glory. When I feel as I do to-day, what a glorious




1801.]     LIFE  OF ELIZABETH   RY.                  159
service it is, (though we may have, at times, to pass through
great trial and poverty,) and remember how' in these little
religious services, I have been helped and carried through,
and that, as I expressed before, my soul hath, in a measure,
been able to magnify the Lord, and my spirit to rejoice in
God its Saviour, I fear for myself, lest even this great mercy
should prove a temptation, and lead me to come before 1[ am
called, or enter service I am not prepared for; but in all
these things, I have but one place of safety, to take refuge
in.  Be pleased, then, O  Lord!  Thou who knowest my
heart, and all its temptations; be pleased to preserve me,
and enable me, if Thou seest meet, to do Thy will, in strength
and in weakness, when it leads to the hardest crosses, as
well as into the way of rejoicing.
Earlham, Niznth Mont/h, lst.-Yesterday I had much conversation with my beloved sisters Rachel and Richenda, upon
their religious experience, and present belief.  At the time,
I felt very fully strengthened, to express my mind, and not
to shrink; and I believe I did no hurt; but I have felt, and
still feel very low; much pressed down; why, I cannot tell;
they represent their case clearly, but can I, after what I have
felt, known, and experienced, doubt the truth of this blessed
principle, the sensible and constant direction of the Spirit of
God in man?  The head and judgment of man is most frail,
or it would not twist so many ways; the work of religion
must be in the heart, and if that become sanctified by the
great "I am," and brought low before Him, and our wills
be brought into subjection to the Divine will, and Hle become
our all in all; then the great work, appears to me accomplished in us.
_Plas/et, 10th/.-I desire gratefully to acknowledge my
being once more returned home to my beloved family, my
little ones appearing to have prospered in my absence, and I
hope all going on well.  And also I think, with abundant
cause to be grateful, that on leaving Earlham, and my tenderly beloved brothers and sisters, my mind felt very clear,




160        LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.            [1810.
trusting that I had been enabled to accomplish that which
came to hand. to do amongst them; and I hope without
hurting the great cause. How very near and dear they are
to me. On First-day, I attended Ipswich and Colchester
Meetings; I believe I was helped in the ministry, in both;
if any praise be due, may it be given, both by me and others,
to the great Author.  Spent an interesting evening, with
dear old John Kendall.
13th.-It is my great wish, that being engaged in these
awful and important duties, may not, in any degree, lessen
my attention to the smaller concerns of life; but rather prove
a stimulus to do all well: I wish if right, still to feel a life
in them, and not have my mind so occupied by the greater,
as not to enter with spirit into the smaller.  How much
does gratitude call for at my hands at this time.
Tenth YMonth, 5th.-I had yesterday a very narrow escape
of my life, from falling out of a whiskey upon my head,
owing to a violent jolt; if it had gone on, I believe it must
have gone over my head; many have been either killed, or
materially injured by such a fall. I was, at the time, favoured
with clearness, and knew what to do, and by immediately
applying cold water to my head from a pond just by, my
suffering was, in a great measure, relieved. I wonder I have
not felt this event more seriously, but I did not, even at the
time, feel much frightened, or overcome: I believe I was
thinking, only about a minute before, that in case of my
sudden death, I had nothing to look to but mercy.
24th. —I feel self-love and pride are hidden, very, very
deep in me, and may sometimes rise, under specious appearances: I cannot root them out myself; but may I more often
than the day, look to Him, who can do it for me.
26th.-This day year, a day I think never to be forgotten,
whilst memory lasts, my beloved father died! and I first
opened my mouth as a minister.
30th. —I crave to be, in all things, doing the will of Him,
whom I desire to feel my Master; this is at times hard to




1810.]     LIFE  OF ELIZABETH FRY.                   161
come at; I do not feel by any means, a ready and willing
servant: still not willing either to speak a word before meals,
or after our reading.  My very frequent speaking in Meeting,
is very awful to me. Be pleased, 0 Lord! still to be with
Thy poor child, preserve her, if Thou seest meet from right
hand, as well as left hand errors: increase my faith, and
renew a right spirit within me.  May neither heights nor
depths; riches nor poverty; health nor sickness; be permitted to overcome me, and separate me from Thy love; and
be pleased, 0 Lord! to enable me always to give Thee the
glory, and not to take it to myself. TMay I more faithfully
do my duty towards Thee, towards my neighbour, and towards myself: when called upon publicly to advocate Thy
cause, be pleased to grant me faith su fcient! Create in me
a more willing mind, to express whatever may arise, as in
the newness of life; whether in public or in private, that
the short time of my continuance here, I may in life, conduct, and word, live to thy glory.  Amen, saith my poor
soul.
In the Twelfth Month she travelled into Gloucestershire,
taking three of her children, to visit William Fry and his
wife; the latter was in seriously delicate health. They were
residing at that time at Rodborough, a very beautiful place
which W. Fry had hired, hoping that his wife might derive
benefit from the air.
Rodborougt, Twelfth JMonth, 22nd.-I enjoy being here,
and the company of those I am with.  I trust not in myself,
in my own weak and disobedient heart, but I trust in Thee,
0 Lord 1 before whom  the mountains skip like rams, and
the little hills like lambs.
Plashet, 28th.-I may indeed acknowledge that a way has
been, to me, wonderfully made, for even my disobedient
heart has been brought down, and made willing to submit;
may T never forget it, or to whom the power and praise
914. 




162        LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.              [1811.
belong; who capacitated me to do, what to human nature
felt impossible, on First-day, at lNailsworth. When evening
came, after passing through little short of distress of soul,
I was enabled, after their reading, to kneel down and offer
my little sacrifice, which I felt abundantly helped in, both
as to power and utterance; my beloved sister Eliza seemed
to feel it extremely, so much so, that I was afraid it might
overcome her, and make her ill; but she soon revived, and
told me how much she had felt it, and united with me, which
was sweet and encouraging. I was enabled to leave that
place with a clear and peaceful heart, knowing of no burden.
Plashet, First JlMonth, 5th, 1811.-I find it no easy matter
to serve the poor, I desire to do right towards them; but it
is very difficult either to turn them away, or to give to all,
without doing as much hurt as good. I desire a right
spirit about them, and ability to know what is best to'be
done.
6th.-In the evening the servants and children read with
us, and much in the cross to human nature, I believe I may
say, my will was subdued for me, and power given to crave
a blessing upon us and our household; I was abundantly
helped, and a sweet feeling has been my portion since; like
abiding under the shadow of His wing, whom I desire to be
my Lord, and my God, my all in all.!llt/.-Felt very low yesterday evening, rather unusually
so for me, partly from the children being naughty and trying. I also feel how poorly my duties are performed towards
all. If I be clearer in one description of duty than another,
I think it is towards servants; but in that I often have to
mourn over my defects.  I have felt a little encouragement
this morning, and am at times brought to leave others, and
their interests, and to look and depend upon Him, who can
help them, and even listens to the cry of Hiis little ones.
As for my beloved children, I had rather they should not
be, than have them live to go greatly astray; but let me
not forget that if they, like myself, should go astray for a




1811.]      LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                163
time, there is that power which can bring them back.  Oh,
that this may be the case; may they eventually become
redeemed from the world, and advocates or valiants in the
great cause i It is almost my single desire for them; all
others are small in comparison-and as for my beloved
husband, oh! that we may be preserved, going hand in
hand, and bowing before the Holy One in sweet unity;
not turning aside to any other gods, or making to ourselves
graven images, and worshipping them.
Second Month, 7th.-Yesterday was, to me, an awful and
affecting day; there came up a minute from the men, desiring
the women to meet them after the next Monthly Meeting,
to consider the subject of acknowledging me as a minister.
Friends felt so kindly for me, as to call me out of Meeting
to tell me, lest hearing it should overcome me; this was
unnecessary, for though I felt and feel it deeply, that was
not likely to be the case. It brings me prostrate before the
great " I am;" but I have little or nothing to say for myself: certainly, it is cause of humble gratitude, to believe
my little offerings in the ministry have not burdened, but
been acceptable to the church.  O Lord! if it be Thy will
to preserve my life, yet a little longer, and to continue me
in this service, preserve me, even if it be through chastisement, from  ever hurting Thy great and holy cause, and
enable me to walk worthy of the vocation whereunto I am
called.
TIer seventh child, Elizabeth, was born on the 20th of
Second Month.
Mfildired's Court, Second ilonth, 26th.-Though confined
to a lying-in-room, and not actively engaged, may I seek, in
all things, to be acting in conformity to the Divine will; for
this state has its temptations.  May the day's work, whatever it be, keep pace with the day.
The Meeting, of which she was a member, feeling unity




164         LIFE  OF ELIZABrETH  FRY.             [1811.
with her engagements as a minister, acknowledged her at this
time, in that character.
In reference to it, she says:This mark of their unity is sweet, and I think strengthening, and I believe will have advantages, as well as trials,
attending it. I feel, and find, it is not by the approbation,
any more than by the disapprobation of man, that we stand
or fall; but it once more leads me only to desire, that I may,
simply and singly, follow my Master in the way of His requiremients, whatsoever they may be.  I think this will make
a way for me in some things, that have been long on my mind.
Plashet, Sixth Month, 3d.-Yearly M[eeting is finished:
I have renewed evidence that there yet remains a God, hearing prayer; as my inward cries, as well as outward, appear
to have been, in some instances, rather remarkably heard and
granted.  I have also had renewed evidence, that there yet
remains a Gospel ministry, as I have been ministered to, and
have known the same with others, and have been, I believe,
enabled a little to minister myself, I could almost believe from
the living Source. I have not had much to do in this way,
but a little at times, in private and public. I find it an awful
thing to rise, amongst a large assembly, and unless much
covered with love and power, hardly know how to venture.
19th.-I feel, at times, deeply pressed down, on. account of
my beloved children.  Their volatile minds try me; but,
amidst my trials, I have a secret hope concerning them, that
all will end well; and a blessing attend them, if they bow to
the blessed yoke, (for so I feel it,) in their youth. laay you,
if ever you read this, my beloved little ones, hearken to the
advice of your tenderly affectionate mother.  Submit to the
cross of Christ, in small matters and in great,-there is no way
like it; the crown is, in a measure, partaken of, even here.
That no enemy of your souls be permitted to overcome you,
or turn your feet into another path, is the sincere desire, nay,
prayer of her, who feels your souls' welfare very near to hel




1811.]     LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRaY.                165
own; may we all so live, that when time to us here shall be
no more, we may unite, and sing praises in eternity.  Look
at it,-what folly, for the sake of self-gratification for a few
years, to forfeit even the chance of such a prospect! ah, my
children, press forward through all opposition; walking by
faith, rather than by sight, for in that alone you will find
strength and safety; looking too much out, loses time and
creates confusion, whilst humbly looking within, with the
eye of faith, and following whatever that may lead into, or
out of, tends to confirm, stablish, and strengthen. May the
God of peace be with, bless, and preserve you, saith my soul.
Amen. 0 Lord! be pleased to have mercy on them, win
them over to Thy love, and teach them that there is no way
like Thy way, no joy like Thy joy.:Earlham, Seventh 2]ionth, 21st.-I am come with my beloved husband, to attend my dear uncle Gurney's funeral.
I cannot easily express my feelings this day; the state of the
souls of the family is so deeply interesting to me.  My soul
has been laid low, and brought very prostrate, feeling for the
various conditions of my beloved family, who are brought
together on this awful occasion; desiring for those who have
at times to advocate the great cause, that we may get deep
enough, and not speak from outward knowledge and observation, but alone move in the great service, as the pure life
may lead us into it: may we be enabled to say enough, and
preserved from saying too much. Be pleased, O Lord! to
grant us tongue and utterance, to show forth Thy praise, that
those afar off; may be induced to come, taste, and see, how
good Thou art.  Be pleased also to anoint their eyes, and
their ears, both to hear and see for themselves, that there is
none like unto Thee; but that Thou art worthy both now
and for ever, to be praised and exalted above all. Amen.
Plashet, Eighth M5ontzh, 23rd. —We had three clergymen
and their wives, besides another neighbour and his wife,
here yesterday; I believe good men, and I hope good women
also; I felt love, and I think that sort of unity with them,




166         LIFE  OF ELIZABETHE FRY.              [1811.
that I have with good Friends. From a great fear of hurting
others, I feel, though I believe it is not very apparent, a
bowing to their opinions, and not openly professing my own,
which tries me.  There are, no doubt, advantages, as well as
disadvantages, in associating with people of different descriptions: especially, in being with the Good, we are increasingly
led to estimate the good in all, and also to observe, how the
mercy of our heavenly Father is extended towards us, and
how he sees meet to accept us, in our different ways.  But,
at the same time, there is safety in keeping within our narrow enclosure, more particularly for young people not established in principle.  It may induce to make the example of
others, a plea for more liberty, instead of rightly stimulating
them to look at home, and examine how far they are doing the
work committed to them, which should be the effect of seeing
others zealously pursuing their course.  It is also important,
as children become marriageable, with whom they associate,
and parents should in this, as in other- things, keep on the
watch, and seek the best direction how far to go, and where
to stop. But my feelings of love would lead me almost to
encourage an intimacy with one of these clergymen and his
wife: but I desire to be rightly directed, and if we are likely
to lose more than we gain, by not holding fast the profession
of our faith without wavering, then I hope not to encourage
it; I leave it, thinking it will make its own way, which I
trust will be the right one, but Friends being so much united
with others, and brought so forward in works of benevolence,
may prove a snare by flattering them, and taking them off
their guard.  It is on account of schools that we have been
thus brought together.
On being settled at Plashet, Elizabeth Fry had formed
various plans for the benefit of her poorer neighbours, which
she gradually brought into action.  One of her early endea
Yours, was to establish a girls' school for the Parish of East
Ham; of which Plashet is a hamlet.




1811.]     LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                 167
A young woman named Harriet Iowell, who was much
occupied at that time in organizing schools on the Lancasterian system, came to Plashet. The clergyman of East Ham
(alluded to in the journal) with his wife united with Elizabeth Fry in the object. A school of about seventy girls
was established, and, although afterwards removed to a
more central situation, continues to the present day.
The bodily wants of the poor, especially in cases of sickness or accident, claimed her careful attention.  There was
a depot of calico and flannels always ready, besides outer
garments, and a roomy closet well supplied with drugs. In
very hard winters, she had soup boiled in an out-house, in
such quantities, as to supply hundreds of poor people with a
nourishing meal.  Nor was her interest confined to the Eng.
lish poor in East Ham. About half a mile from Plashet, on
the high road between Stratford and Ilford, the passer-by
will find two long rows of houses, with one larger house in the
centre, if possible more dingy than the rest. At that time
they were squalid and dirty. The windows generally stuffed
with old rags, or pasted over with brown paper, and the few
remaining panes of glass refusing to perform their intended
office from the accumulated dust of years; puddles of thick
black water before the doors; children without shoe or
stocking; mothers, whose matted locks escaped from the
remnants of caps, which looked as though they never could
have been white; pigs, on terms of evident familiarity with
the family; poultry sharing the children's potatoes-all bespoke an Irish colony.
It was a pleasant thing to observe the influence obtained
by Elizabeth Fry, over these wild, but warm-hearted people.
One clear frosty morning, she called her elder children to
accompany her on a visit to one of these cottages. A poor
woman, the mother of a young family, had died there; she
had been well conducted as a wife and mother, and had long
shown a desire for religious instruction; the priest, a kindhearted man, liberal in his views, and anxious for the good




1.68       LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.    [1811.
of his flock, thought well of the poor woman, had frequently
visited her in her illness, and was in that, as in many other
cases, very grateful to Elizabeth Fry, for the relief and nourishment she had bestowed, and which it was not in his
power to give.
On the bed of death lay extended the young mother, her
features, which were almost beautiful, stiffened into the semblance of marble.  IHer little children were on the floor, the
husband, in a corner, leaning on a round table, with his face
buried inr his hands. A paper cross lay on the breast of the
corpse; the sun shone into the room, and lighted the dreary
scene. The apartment was close, from the fumes of tobacco, and the many guests of the wake, which had been
held during the night.  Elizabeth Fry spoke soothingly to
the husband; she reminded him of his wife's desires for his
good, and for that of his children; she slightly alluded to
the uselessness of the cross as a symbol, but urged the attention of those present, to the great doctrine of which it
was intended to remind them. Again, she offered solace to
the mourner, promised assistance for his little ones, and
left the room.
Some of the scenes in Irish Row were very different.
She enjoyed giving pleasure, it was an impulse, as well as a
duty with her, to do good.  Gathering her garments round
her, she would thread her way through children and pigs,
up broken stair-cases, and by narrow passages, to the apartments which she sought; there she would listen to their
tales of want or woe, or of their difficulties with their children, or of the evil conduct of their husbands.  She persuaded many of them to adopt more orderly habits, giving
little presents of clothing as encouragements: she induced
some to send their children to school, and with the consent
of the priest, circulated the Bible amongst them. On one
occasion, when the weather was extremely cold, and great
distress prevailed, being at the time too delicate herself to
walk, she went alone in the carriage, literally piled with




1811.]      LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                 169
flannel petticoats for Irish Row; the rest of the party walking to meet her, to assist in the delightful task of distribution. She made relieving the poor a pleasure to her
children, by the cheerful spirit in which she did it; she employed them as almoners, when very young; but expected a
minute account of their giving, and their reasons for it.
After the establishment of the Tract Society, she always
kept a large supply of such Tracts as she approved, for distribution. It was her desire never to relieve the bodily
wants of any one, without endeavouring, in some way, more
or less directly, to benefit their souls. She was a warm advocate for vaccination, and very successful in performing
the operation; she had acquired this art from Dr. Willan,
one of its earliest advocates and most skilful practitioners.
At intervals, she made a sort of investigation of the state
of the parish, with a view to vaccinating the children. The
result was, that small-pox was scarcely known in the villages over which her influence extended.
In a green lane, near Plashet, it has been the annual
custom of the Gipsies to pitch their tents, for a few days,
in their way to Fairlop fair. The sickness of a gipsy child,
inducing the mother to apply for relief, led Elizabeth Fry
to visit their camp; from that time, from year to year, she
cared for them whenever they came into her neighbourhood;
clothing for the children and people, and a little medical
advice she invariably bestowed; but she did far more than
that, she sought to influence their minds aright, she pleaded
with them  on the bitter fruits of sin, and furnished them
with Bibles, and books the most likely to arouse their attention.
But though thus abounding in labours for the good of all
around her, self was not exalted. Her spirit was preserved
in a state of deep humility and godly fear.
JVinth Month, 5th. —I have lately been so much hurried
by an almost constant change of company and employments,
22




170        LIFE OF ELIZABETH FRY.               [1811
as to be at times a good deal tried, and I am fearful my
temper will be made irritable by it. I think I may truly
say, my desire is, to do my duty fully and faithfully to all
connected with me, nearly and remotely, rich and poor. Be
pleased, 0 Lord! to bless the small, feeble endeavours of Thy
poor child, to do her duty to others; for, without Thy blessing, they are ineffectual, and with thy blessing, I need not
doubt but they will tend to my own good, and to the good of
those whom I desire to serve, more particularly at home.
With my dear little ones I often feel myself a poor mother,
but my hope is not in myself; for I am sensible I do not
apparently manage them so well, as many others do their
children; but, 0 Lord! Thou knowest my heart, and its
desires for them, and that I may not be found wanting
towards them. I neither ask health nor riches, nor anything for them in comparison with this, that as they grow
in years, they may grow in favour with Thee, and with those
who love Thee, by walking in humility, and in Thy fear.
My feeling of my own great deficiencies towards them and
others, at times leads me to take great comfort from the
shortness of life, if I be but ready, and have done faithfully
the work committed.
In the Ninth Month, Elizabeth Fry visited Norfolk: whilst
there, she attended the first Bible Meeting held in Norwich.
Earlham, Ninth Month, 10th. —I think a more deeply
exercised state, that has at times bordered on distress of
soul, I hardly ever remember, than I feel this morning going
to Meeting; in the first place, with the Edwardses and my
own family, in their various states; in the next place my
prospect of going into the men's Monthly Meeting; and in
the last, an idea having passed my mind, whether I may not
have, amongst the very large companies who are likely to
be here, consisting of many clergymen and others, to say
something, either before meals, or at some other time. The




1808.]     LIFE OF ELIZABETH  PRY.                  171
words that (I believe) have arisen for my encouragement, are
these, ~" The Lord is my Shepherd, I shall not want."  Yes,
I will try not to fear, for if God be with me, who can be
against me?
12th.- What can I render for all his benefits'? In the first
place, I went to the Meeting for worship with the Edwardses:
I had not long been there, before I felt something of a power
accompanying me, and words arose, but my exercise of mind
was so great, that it seemed like being "baptized for the
dead:" though not, that I know of, from any particular
fear of man; I was helped (I believe I may say), as to
power, tongue, and utterance.  That Meeting might be said
to end well.
Yesterday was a day indeed:-one that may be called a
mark of the times. We first attended a General Meeting of
the Bible Society, where it was sweet to observe so many, of
various sentiments, all uniting in the one great object, from
the good Bishop of Norwich (Bathurst), for so I believe he
may be called, to the dissenting Minister, and young Quaker
(my brother Joseph). We afterwards, about thirty-four of
us, dined here.  I think there were six clergymen of the
Establishment; three dissenting Ministers; and Richard
Philips, besides numbers of others.  A very little before the
cloth was removed, such a power came over me of love, I
believe I may say, life, that I thought I must ask for silence
after Edward Edwards had said grace, and then supplicate
the Father of mercies for His blessing-both of the fatness
of the earth, and the dew of Heaven, upon those, who thus
desired to promote His cause, by spreading the knowledge
of the Holy Scriptures; and that He would bless their endeavours, that the knowledge of God and His glory might
cover the earth, as the waters cover the sea; and also for the
preservation of all present, that through the assistance of His
grace we might so follow Him, our blessed Lord, in time,
that we might eventually enter into a glorious eternity, where
the wicked cease from troubling, and the weary are at rest.




172         LIFE  OF ELIZABETH FRY.                [1811.
The power and solemnity were very great. Richard Philips
asked for silence, I soon knelt down, it was like having our
H-igh Priest amongst us; independently of this power, tHis
poor instruments are nothing, and with IIis power, how
much is effected! I understood many were in tears, I believe
all were bowed down spiritually. Soon after I took my
seat the Baptist minister said, " This is an act of worship;"
adding that it reminded him of that which the disciples said,' WYhen He walked with us, did not our hearts burn within
us?"  A  clergyman said, " We want no wine, for there is
that amongst us, that does instead."  A Lutheran minister"*
iemarked, that although he could not always understand the
words, being a foreigner, he felt the Spirit of Prayer, and
went on to enlarge in a striking manner. Another clergyman spoke to this effect; How the Almighty visited us, and
that neither sex, nor any thing else, stood in the way of His
grace. I do not exactly remember the words of any one, but
it was a most striking circumstance, for so many, of such
different opinions, thus all to be united in one spirit; and for
a poor woman to be made the means, amongst so many great,
wise, and I believe good men, of showing forth the praise of
the great "I am."  After reading last evening, the dear
Lutheran minister, Dr. Steinkoff, said a few words in prayer.
This morning, my desire, indeed I may say prayer, is,
that this may not degenerate into a form amongst us, and I
should not be surprised, if I had to express as much; however, that I leave.  Be pleased, O Lord! still to preserve
me on the right hand, and on the left, and let me in no way
do contrary to Thy will; and if called upon to testify that
I can only unite in prayer, where I apprehend Thy Spirit
leads into it, enable me, I beseech Thee, to do it so as to
strengthen, rather than weaken the love, that I feel so
sweetly to unite me with those who differ from myself.
In a letter from Joseph Hughes, one of the Secretaries of
the Bible Society, this occasion is thus described:* Dr. Steinkoff.




1811.]     LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.               178
"On the Monday after my return, I proceeded with my
excellent colleagues for Norwich, where a numerous and
respectable meeting was held on Wednesday, in a very spacious and commodious hall; the Mayor presided; the Bishop
spoke with great decision and equal liberality; and the result
of the whole was, the establishment of the Norfolk a.nd Norwich Bible Society; about ~700 was subscribed, and one
happy, amiable sentiment appeared to pervade the company.
My colleagues and myself adjourned to Earlham, two miles
from Norwich, where we had passed the previous day, and
where we had witnessed emanations of piety, generosity, and
affection, in a degree that does not often meet the eye of
mortals. Our host and hostesses were the Gurneys, chiefly
Quakers, who, together with their guests, amounted to thirtyfour. A clergyman, at the instance of one of the family, and
I presume with the most cordial concurrence of the rest,
read a portion of the Scriptures, morning and evening; and
twice we had prayers, I should have said thrice, for after
dinner on the day of the Meeting, the pause encouraged by
"the Society of Friends," was succeeded by a devout address
to the Deity, by a female minister, Elizabeth Fry, whose
manner was impressive, and whose words were so appropriate, that none present can ever forget the incident, or
ever advert to it, without emotions, alike powerful and pleasing. The first emotion was surprise; the second, awe;
the third, pious fervour. As soon as we were re-adjusted
at the table, I thought it might be serviceable to offer a remark, that proved the coincidence of my heart with the devotional exercise in which we had been engaged; this had
the desired effect. Mr. Owen and others suggested accordant sentiments, and we seemed generally to feel like the
Disciples, whose hearts burned within them as they walked
to Emmaus.
" The days passed in this excellent family, were opened
with joy, and closed with regret; few such days will occur
again; yet when devotion shall cease to be measured by




174         LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.             [1811.
days, pleasure far more intense, shall spring up for ever
fresh; and all the members of the vast Household of P'aith
shall behold each other, in a scene where purity is unblemished, and harmony uninterrupted, and bliss complete and
everlasting.
"' When shall I wake and find me there?' "'
Plashet, Tenth MJonth, 3rd.-In the evening, after reading at Earlham, I was greatly helped in prayer for my
brothers and sisters, who were all present; it was in thanksgiving and prayer; acknowledging our many blessings;
particularly, that of being so united with each other, which
blessing I craved might increase; that we might increasingly
dwell in God, and He in us. I also prayed for our little
ones, that they, with us, might have the knowledge of God,
and of our blessed Lord Christ Jesus; that we might eventnally obtain a habitation not made with hands, eternal in the
heavens. It was a very solemn time, many, I believe, wept,
and I trust all felt it, and united in prayer. I think I may
say I went away rejoicing, which appeared marvellous to me,
my season of discouragement had, at times, whilst there,
been so great; but I believe these things tend to keep me
low, and preserve me, or I might, when so uplifted, be tempted
to take my flight.  I find, on my return, much cause for
gratitude.
Shortly after Elizabeth Fry's return home, her baby became
seriously ill: scarcely had it recovered, ere another event
claimed her tenderest sympathy, the death of her sister
IBuxton's infant.
Plashet, Tenth JSlonth, 17th.-I was enabled, on Firstday evening, to pray for my dear children in their presence;
since then, I have felt more cheerful and easy about them,
having committed them to IHis keeping, who alone can protect
them.  I am but a poor instrument in His holy hand.  I1is
they are, though He may have appeared to give them to us,




1811.]     LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.               175
my heart's desire and prayer is, that, like as Hannah with
Samuel, they may all be lent unto the Lord.  My dear baby
is poorly, I desire not to be too anxious about her; but that
the Divine will may alone be done in all things, and that I
may be enabled to commend her to His holy keeping; not
that I feel compunction for naturally desiring her life, and
that she may be saved from much suffering.
21st. Much occupied night and day, by the illness of
my sweet babe; I was so low in the night, that I shed many
tears; a mother's feelings are strong in me;-Oh, that I
may be granted a submissive and resigned spirit, and that
imagination may not colour the dark side: may I, in all my
various allotments, be enabled to bow in faith, before HIim,
who orders all things well; even amidst the risings of
natural feeling, which, rightly modified, I do not believe to
be wrong. I desire, above all, that not my will, O Lord!
but Thine be done. Amen, saith my soul.
25th.-My dear babe much better; it appears as if my
prayer had been heard.
Eleventh XJonth, 18th.-(The day of the funeral of her
little niece.)-To whom can I go in moments of trial, but to
Him who hath hitherto helped me? Be pleased, O Lord!
to be with us, and bless the present occasion to us; may it
draw us nearer to Thee, and make us increasingly willing to
become Thy servants, and Thy handmaids; if anything
should, as a minister, come to my hands to do, may I be
helped by Thy power, and anointed by Thee, who can alone
savingly help us.  May the state of my heart be such, that
I may with truth say, here am I, Lord, do with me what
Thou wilt, only make me what Thou wouldest have me to be.
May this event be of lasting benefit to us all; but more particularly to the dear parents.  Grant me, 0 Lord! wisdom
and power to proclaim Thy power and Thy praise, that if
made use of at all, others as well as myself, may be drawn
nearer to Thee, and wholly give Thee praise, never taking,
or giving, that glory to the creature, which alone belongs to
the Creator.




1.76        LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.              [1811
Afternoon.-The funeral of dear little Susannah Buxton
has taken place to-day. The event of her death has been
very affecting to me, and most unexpected to us all.  This
day week, she only appeared to have a cold; she was one ol
the loveliest, sweetest, and most lively of little babes.  She
appeared to suffer little in her illness. I was not there at
her death, but comfort was then near to her dear mother,
and faith that strengthened her to believe it was well, and
that her spirit had ascended unto God, who gave it. This
was very much the case with me when there after her death;
but naturally, it has been a close stroke, the child was very
dear to me, but consolation has been near.
We have had to-day a very solemn, and, I trust, in the
best sense, an encouraging time, the remembrance of it is
sweet and reviving to me. I was helped in prayer,
greatly as I think, and in a few words afterwards; but may
self pass unobserved, for there was a better than man present with us. Words fall very short of expression: Oh,
that all would come, taste, and see, how good the Lord is;
for blessed is the man that trusteth in IHim,-alkhough, like
others, he may be afilicted!
Henry Hull, a valuable Friend and Minister from  America, was at this time frequently a guest at Plashet.  Early
in the winter, Elizabeth Fry believed it her duty to unite
with him in a religious visit to some of the Meetings near
London.  Her sister, Priscilla Gurney, accompanied them.
Twelfth J~1onth, 28th.- -y heart is very full this morning, at the prospect of this journey; the tears rise in my
eyes, for it appears probable that we shall be out longer
than I at first expected.  I have something of a confidence
that my beloved family will be cared for in my absence.
My prayer for myself is, that I may not run without being
sent; and if the gift in mne grows and increases with exercise, may I ever be preserved from  decking myself with
the Lord's jewels.




1812.]     LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                 177
Plashet, First Jl onth, 13th, 1812.-I returned safely
home yesterday, and to my great comfort found all my beloved children well and good. My beloved husband is gone
into Wales; all my household appears in very comfortable
order; and so far from  having suffered in my absence, it
appears as if a better blessing had attended them than common.  Thus much for them, now  for myself-I may, I
trust, with gratitude acknowledge, that I have, in my religious duties, experienced the Lord to go before me, and to
prove. my rear-ward; I have naturally been in a low estate,
much felt my absence from home, and have not been well
in my health. I have also, in a spiritual sense, been often
brought low, under a peculiar feeling of some of my infirmities, and great fear of the power of the tempter. I
have felt much increased value and love for Henry I-lull, and
dear Priscilla has been a sweet, kind, and valuable companion; may our union be farther cemented.  My desire for
myself on my return is, that.I may walk within my house
with a perfect heart.
Second Month, lst.-On reading over my old journals
yesterday, it has led me to admire how some of my early
prayers and desires have been answered; how gradual has
been the arising and opening of Divine Power in my heart.
How much has occurred to strengthen my weak faith, and
doubting, fearful heart; how much has been done for me,
and how little have I done myself; how much have Irebelled, except in the day of power; how often unwatchful;
yet in mercy, how has help been administered, even a willing
heart, which I consider an unspeakable gift; but I think I
should have flourished better, and grown stronger by this
time, had I more fully and more faithfully followed the
Lamb whithersoever EIe goeth. My heart's desire and prayer
for myself, above everything else, is, that this may be more
entirely done by me.  O Lord! be pleased still to carry on
Thy own work in me, until Thou hast made me what Thou
wouldest have me to be; even entirely Thy servant, in
23




178        LIFE OF ELIZABETH PFRY.    [1812.
thought, word, and deed! Thou only knowest my weakness
and fear of suffering; when in Thine infinite wisdom, Thou
mayst see meet to afflict, be pleased to mix mercy with judgment, and uphold me by Thine own power; I thank Thee
for all Thy benefits towards me, and desire to prove my
gratitude by my love and good works.  O Lord! enable me
so to do! Amen.
3rd.-The prospect I have had for some months, of going
into Norfolk, to attend the Monthly and Quarterly Meetings,
is now brought home to me, as I must apply to my next
Monthly Meeting for permission.  It is no doubt a sacrifice
of natural feeling, to leave the comforts of home, and my
beloved husband and children; and to my weak, nervous
habits, the going about, and alone (for so I feel it in one
sense without my husband) is, I have found from experience,
a trial greater than I imagined; and my health suffers much
I think, from my habits being necessarily so different.  This
consideration, of its being a cross to my nature, I desire not
to weigh in the scale; though, no doubt, for the sake of
others, as well as myself, my health being so shaken is a
serious thing.  What I desire to consider most deeply is
this:-Have I authority for leaving my home and evident
duties?  What leads me to believe I have? for I need not
doubt that when away, and at times greatly tried, this query
is likely to arise.  The prospect has come in that quiet, yet,
I think, powerful way, that I have never been able to believe
I should get rid of it; indeed hitherto I have hardly felt
anything but a calm cheerfulness about it, and very little
anxiety. It seems to me as if, in this journey, I must be
stripped of outward dependences, and my watchword appears
to be,- "My soul, wait thou ONLY upon God; for my expectation is from Him."
6th. —l y beloved little ones have been ill with a severe
cold, and my sweet babe has so very serious an attack, and
one that has now lasted some days, that I believe her life is
thought to be in danger. I have suffered a good deal, the




1812.]      LIFE OF ELIZABETH FRY.                  179
most in the night; my desire for myself is, to be enabled to
submit to the dispensations of Almighty wisdom, and that
faith may be granted me, to drink the cup, whatever it may
be, as coming from the Lord's holy hand; nothing doubting
that it will be ordered in infinite wisdom and mercy. Natural feelings I do not desire to be without, for I had rather
have them, if under proper subjection.  Jesus wept, may not
we? I feel much gratitude that her sufferings appear comparatively small, and rather to decrease; if I could have a
prayer on her account outwardly, it would be that she might
be spared much suffering; but I desire and pray above all
things, that I may leave all to Him, who has dealt with me
and my little ones, in unspeakable mercy, that He will yet
watch over us for good, and not permit us to suffer more
than is best for us.  How much better to have her life cut
short in innocency, than for her to live to that state, in which
her sins should have separated her from God.  Be pleased,
O Lord! to grant Thy poor servant and her little one, strength
sufficient for the day, and whether mourning or rejoicing be
my portion, may it work together for my good, and make
me a better servant to Thee. Amen, and Amen.
7th.-A few hours after I last wrote, a change took place
in the dear babe for the better, and the amendment has been
gradual since. I desire to receive it as from the blessed
hand that makes sore and binds up, that wounds and makes
whole.
20th.-My sister, Elizabeth Fry, means to go with me
into Norfolk: my uncle Joseph is likely to go another way:
it appears as if I could not mind much who is to go with me.
But I feel disposed to a very single dependence, and if I be
rightly put forth to this service, may He who puts me forth,
be with me; if I have to administer food to others, may it be
that which is convenient for them, and which will tend to
their lasting nourishment. I have often thought that, in this
little prospect, I must go like David, when he went to slay
the giant.  I am ashamed of the comparison; but I only




180         LIFE  OF ELIZABETIH FY.             [1812.
mean it in this respect, I go, not trusting in any power or
strength of my own; I feel I dare look to no helper outwardly. I feel young and a stripling, without armour, yet I
trust the Lord will be with me, and make the sling and stone
effectual, if He please to make use of His poor child, to slay
the giant in any one.
Earlham, Third Month, 14th.-I-Iave I not renewed reason
for faith, hope, and confidence in the principle which I desire
to follow? In the night, I had to acknowledge that the work
must be Thine, O Lord! and that it is to me wonderful.
My fears and causes of discouragement were many; for some
little time before I set off, my own poor health, and my little
ones; then my lowness and stupidity. In the first place, my
health and the dear children's improved so much, and I
inwardly so brightened, that I left home very comfortably.
As I went on my way, such abundant hope arose, that light,
rather than darkness, appeared to surround me. I have now
attended the Monthly Meetings, and three other Meetings.
I have also had frequent opportunities of a religious nature,
in families; the most remarkable were, one in a clergyman's
family, in supplication for him and his house, and another,
where he had to supplicate for my help. May I ever remember how utterly unfit I am, in myself, for all these
works: unto me alone belongs abasedness. I can take
nothing to myself. As Thou hast seen meet, O Lord!
Thou, who art strength in weakness, thus to make use of
Thy poor hand-maid, as an instrument in Thy service, be
pleased to keep her from the evil, both in reality and appearance, that she never may, in any way, bring reproach
upon Thy cause!
16th.-I expect my beloved brother, John, will be here
to-day; may I be enabled to walk before him in humility
and godly fear, (not the fear of man,) that he, at least, may
be enabled to believe that I am not following cunningly
devised fables, or imaginations of my own, but rather seek



1812.]     LIFE OF ELIZABETH FRY.                 181
ing to follow a crucified Redeemer, in the way in which He
leads me.
In a letter to her cousin, Joseph Gurney Bevan, she
alludes to the duties in which she was engaged:May I now be enabled to attend to my own vineyard, and
after having been made instrumental, thus to warn and
encourage others, may I not become a cast-away myself. I
hardly understand what Friends mean by reward for such
services, for I do not feel the work mine, and no reward is
due; as for reward, is it not enough to feel a Power, better
than ourselves, influencing and strengthening us to do the
work that, we humbly trust, is His own? for what honour,
favour, or blessing so great, as being engaged in the service
of Him whom we love, in whatever way it be, whether performing one duty or another, and having a little evidence
granted us, that we are doing His will, or endeavouring to
do it? I peculiarly feel, in ministerial duties, that I have
no part, because the whole appears a gift,-the willing heart,
the power, and everything attending it; the poor creature
has only to remain as passive as possible, willing to be
operated upon.
Plashet, Third MAonth, 28th.-I will first mention how it
was with me in the Norwich Quarterly Meeting. I went,
looking to Him who has hitherto helped me; my beloved
uncle Joseph said a few words, as a seal to what I had
expressed, and it was, I believe, a peculiarly solemn and
favoured time: much blessed in a few words of supplication,
at the Grove, before dinner.  In the adjourned Meeting, I
felt it safest to go to the Men's Meeting, where I had to bid
them farewell in the Lord; after I had been helped with a
few words of tender love and encouragement, Sarah Bowly
said a little, and then my dear sister Elizabeth arose, and
said,'" She hoped what had passed that day, would not be
attended to as a tale that was told, but as everlasting




182        LIFE OF' ELIZABETH FRY.               [1812.
truths;" which appeared to me to bring great solemnity and
sweetness with it. In the Women's Meeting, we also had a
very solemn time at parting, in which I bade them farewell;
desiring that we might all ascend, step by step, that ladder
which reaches from earth to heaven. Before we set off, I
had, after reading, in heart-felt and heart-tendering supplication, to pray for the preservation of the family, and our
support in the day of trial; and amidst all the various turnings and overturnings of the Holy Hand upon us. Here I
once more am, surrounded by outward blessings, and well in
health; yet I hardly know how to return thanks, or to
rejoice in Him who has helped me, being poor, low, stripped,
the tears come into my eyes. Though cast down, I love the
Lord above all, and desire, through the saving, redeeming
power of Him, who came to save that which was lost, and
has, I believe, proved a Saviour to me in part, that I may
draw nearer and nearer to the most high God, and become
in all things more completely His.
The reader will, perhaps, be struck with the, expression
" in part," as applied to the Saviour's work; an extract from
a letter which is here introduced, written to a clergyman,
Edward Edwards, explains that her use of these words arose,
not from any mistrust of the saving power of Christ, but from
her consciousness that the great work of sanctification in her
heart was incomplete and unfinished.
My beloved Friend,
Thy letter is one I do not desire lightly to answer, as I
wish to receive it and attend to it, with the seriousness it
deserves, as coming from one, who I believe desires the
prosperity of truth, individually and generally; and in this
desire, has with love addressed me, for my own good, and
also the good of the body to which I belong. I hope
to profit by it; I am spiritually but a child, " I think as a
child, I speak as a child, and I understand as a child."  I




1812.]     LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                 183
do not believe that the great mysteries of the gospel are, by
any means, fully opened to me; but my dependence is on
Him who has so far opened my eyes, that He will, in His
own time, further enlighten, confirm, settle, and strengthen
me in that faith, which is the substance of things hoped for,
the evidence of things not seen.  Thus far I believe, from
having experienced what it is to feel alienated or separated
from my God, no doubt by corruptions and sin.  I experienced the state of being under the law; I may truly say,
"I know that in me, that is, in my flesh, dwelleth no good
thing; for to will is present with me, but how to perform
that which is good, I find not; for the good that I would I
do not; but the evil which I would not that I do."  Thus I
have experienced and do yet experience, that it is not in
me, or my fleshly nature, to do or to will any good thing.
Then how naturally do these words arise, " 0! wretched man,
(or woman,)that I am, who shall deliver me from the body
of this death?"  Then comes the Saviour, then comes the
Deliverer, to whom can I go, but to Hlim, who alone has
the words of eternal life? I feel ashamed of now bringing
my experiences forward, as it is with humility and confusion
of face, that I may acknowledge that I have also felt what it
is, in a measure, to be in Christ Jesus; "for the law of the
spirit of life in Christ Jesus, maketh us free from the law
of sin and death; for what the law could not do, in that it
was weak through the flesh, God sending his own Son in
the likeness of sinful flesh, and for sin, condemned sin in
the flesh, that the righteousness of the law might be fulfilled
in those who walk not after the flesh, but after the Spirit."
[ have thus quoted Scripture, because I know no other way
of so clearly expressing my own faith, and experience in
measure, and also what I believe to be the faith of the body,
(though there may be unbelievers amongst us as well as
others,) that we lay aside all our own works, and believe we
neither will, nor do, of ourselves, but that it is God, or the
saving power of Christ, that worketh in us to will and to




184         LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.             [1812.
do; that we desire alone to give all the glory to Him, of
whatever is done to his praise, believing Him  to be the
author and finisher of our faith, and our only hope of glory.
The work of regeneration is a gradual one, and I feel, if
alive at all, only a beginner, therefore do not understand
that I feel free from the law of sin and death; but I believe
if the Spirit of Christ in us be permitted to operate, and is
not resisted by our wills, we may experience a being made
free from the law of sin and spiritual death, even here below.
PFourth Month, 4th.-Since I last wrote, I have been afflicted inwardly and outwardly; I have had a more serious
attack of illness than I have had for many months. It led
me to consider, if taken hence, where would be my hope?
To feel an operative faith, of being accepted through the
mercy of God in Christ, is a gift which we cannot command.
Oh! that my soul may be more deeply anchored in this
faith, that nothing may be permitted to shake it: I also
find, that without the present gift of faith, I cannot commit
my beloved husband and children to His holy keeping, who
can alone preserve them.
16th.-I am poorly, and I believe five of my dear children have the whooping-cough; but all now appears light, nay,
more than light; such sweetness has covered my mind, little
short, at times, of joy and peace, as if no alloy were permitted to take hold: so are we dealt with, not according to our
merits, but to His mercy, who careth for His poor dependent
ones, and enlivens them when IHe seeth meet.
This letter to her brother, John Gurney, undated, was
obviously written during this spring, not long after her
Norfolk journey.
My dear John,
I feared thou wouldest almost think me forgetful of thee
in not having expressed my near interest in thy welfare for
so long; but feeling very low this morning, to whom can I
write better than to one who mourns, and can sympathize




1812.]      LIFE OF ELIZABETH FRY.                  185
with me, though our causes for suffering may be different?
I hope my last letter did not hurt dear Catherine and Rachel.
I have felt fearful how far it was right for me to touch upon
their present state, lest I should hurt the cause I most desire
to advocate; I am, therefore, cautious of saying much, but I
very deeply feel the state of the family, believing it not unlikely they will leave a path that has to me appeared a
remarkably blessed and safe one! and not only to so weak
an instrument as I am, but surely there have been many in
our family, that, in the same path, have done credit to the
Christian cause.  However, I desire to leave it, if in ever so
small a degree my tears and prayers, (when enabled to offer
them,) may prove effectual in desiring preservation for you
all, that after trying all things, you may indeed be enabled to
hold fast that which is good, even if it lead you into a different
path from me; but I acknowledge it has been sweet to me,
whenever I have had a hope that the day might come, when
we should fully unite in spiritual things; but if it never
should, may true charity and love be our portion; I mean
that spirit of charity that comes from above, and unites all
true and sincere travellers Zion-ward, I should much like
soon to hear from you; with regard to thee and Rachel I have
no fear about your love for me, for I could believe, much as
we have differed, we have never been separated; indeed, dear
John, when thou lived to the world, how did my soul pant
after thee, what tender solicitude have I felt on thy account,
and now I do indeed rejoice in thy experience.  I cannot
think, if when we felt so very differently, we loved so much,
that now when we desire to be following the same Master,
and to be devoted to the same cause, we shall be separatedI believe it cannot be.
Ptashet, Fourth JTionth, 24th.-To whom  can I go when
brought into straitened places, but to Him who has hitherto
succoured me, in Ilis own way? Snares are apt to beset me
on every hand; for there are left, as well as right hand errors.
24




186        LIFE OF ELIZABETH FRY.    [1812.
I expected to remain pretty quietly at home, but I have been
four times to Meeting this week. Seldom have I had to move
much more in the cross, than on Third-day; how did I
naturally flinch, how did I recoil, at a prospect which came
unexpectedly upon me, of going into the Men's Meeting at
Plaistow.  In the Meetings for Discipline, I sought Him to
whom power belongeth, and in His power, His people are
made a willing people; I believe my prayers were heard;
and may I, as need to be the case with all pilgrims, who seek
to go Zion-ward, not turn from anything, from unwillingness
and impatience.  May we rather seek Him, who "giveth
power to the faint, and to him that hath no might I-Ie increaseth strength."
Sixth Month, 16th.-It now appears too late to give much
account of the Yearly Meeting.  The prospect of going into
the Men's Mleeting, naturally was so awful, nay, almost
dreadful, that as I sat at breakfast, fears arose lest my understanding should fail; however, though in great measure
taken from me, upon first sitting down in Meeting, yet after
a time the concern arose with tranquillity, and with a powerful, though small voice, at least with power sufficient to
enable me to cast my burden upon the Meeting; this brought,
I thought, great solemnity; I appeared to have the full unity
of Friends: dear Rebecca Bevan went with me; I felt myself much helped when there; matter, tongue, and utterance
were all given in testimony and supplication. I think the
calm frame I enjoyed, upon returning into the Women's
Meeting, must almost be a foretaste of that rest which the
soul pants after.
During this annual assembly, which, as usual, occupied the
concluding twelve days of the Fifth Month, a circumstance
occurred that filled many hearts, of every class amongst
those who were privileged to convene on the solemn occasion, with deep and tender sympathy. A beloved messenger
of the gospel, who had crossed the Atlantic, in order to pay




1812.]     LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                  187
a visit of christian love to his brethren and sisters in religious
fellowship, in Great Britain, &c., was introduced into a dispensation of sorrow of no common character.  He had, as a
father in the church, been instrumental in nurturing many,
especially among the younger members. They shared his
affliction; but it became the interesting duty of Elizabeth
Fry, at whose house he was an inmate, to extend to him
those affectionate and soothing attentions, and to minister to
him those consolations, which she was so peculiarly qualified
to offer, and which his bereaved spirit so greatly needed.
After the close occupations of this mournful period had a
little subsided, she writes:
SiSxth lfontth.-iMy press of engagements has been very
great; in the first place, the deep affliction of our muchloved friend, Henry Hull.  He having received letters, to
say, that his wife, son, mother, and brother-in-law, were all
dead of a contagious fever, and the lives of the rest of the
family very uncertain; much as he suffered, he bore it like
aman, and a Christian, so as to encourage, rather than try
my faith; it of course took up my time and attention, to
wait upon, and care for him. We have had a very large
family party, my brother and sister Fry, three children and
servants; my sister Elizabeth, and cousin Sarah, besides
many Friends, backwards and forwards: with much illness
in the house, my sister and her nurse, and also her baby,
very dangerously ill. These have all been objects of care,
and interest, so that I am sorry to say, I have been, at times,
so weighed down, and panting for rest, that I have been
almost irritable, and I fear not enough estimated the value
of their company, or the comfort of being able to serve
them; but I hope my health may be some excuse for me,
for they are very dear to me. I think my temper requires
very great watchfulness, for the exercises of my mind, my
very numerous interests, and the irritability excited by my
bodily infirmities, cause me to be in so tender and touchy a




188         LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                [1812
state, that the "grasshopper becomes a burden."*  In this,
as in all my infirmities, I have but one hope; it is in the
power of Him, who has in mercy answered my prayers, and
helped me in many of my difficulties, and I humbly trust
yet will arise for my deliverance. As to the ministry, I
have been raised up, and at times cast down, but my heart
and attention have been mostly turned to rigidly per'forming my practical duties in life, which is my object, by night
and by day.  I have felt, as if I could rest in nothing short
of serving Him whom my soul loves, but I desire to watch,
and am fully aware that with regard to myself, I have
nothing to trust to, but mercy; but leaving myself, I long
whilst permitted to remain in mortality, not to be a drone,
but to do every thing to the glory of God.  I think I
desire to do all things well, more for the cause sake, than
for the sake of my own soul, as my conviction of the mercy
and loving kindness of Him  who loveth us, and who is
touched with a feeling of our infirmities, is so great, that
whilst my heart is seeking to serve Him, (full as I am
of defects,) I am ready to trust that, that mercy which has
hitherto compassed me about, will be with me to the end of
time, and continue with me through eternity.  The fear of
punishment hardly even arises, or has arisen in my mind;
it is more the certain knowledge that I have, of the blessedness of serving our Master, and the very strong excitement
of love and gratitude, and desire for the promotion of the
blessed cause upon earth.  Through all my tried states, I
have one unspeakable blessing to acknowledge; and that is,
an increase of faith.
Seventh IJonth, 3rd.-We have, for the last week, been
alone, which appears greatly to have recruited soul and body;
I much wanted this time with my dear husband and childi In reference to this allusion to irritability, her family, and those
who were hermnost constant attendants, have expressed much surprise
at the entry —as nothing approaching to improper temper was ever
apparent to those around her.




1812.]     LIFE OF ELIZABETH FRY.                 189
ren, it has enabled me to turn my attention to my home
duties, and I trust I may rest pretty easy in believing things
are generally in good order, as to servants, children, &c., &c.
The poor may want a little further investigation; I feel
thankful in thus being enabled to stop and examine the state
of my family and house. How much I have to be thankful
for, though all may not be quite what I wish; how many
valuable dependents I have: those who I believe love us,
and that which is good; some I hope will remain our friends
for life. My beloved children, who are come almost to an
age of understanding, I long to see more under the Cross of
Christ, and less disposed to give way to their own wills; I
sometimes indulge them too much when young, I mean when
very little, and perhaps their nurses do so too. I could
desire, though it appears asking a great deal, as to things
temporal, that, if right for us, we may be able, through life,
to live in the open, liberal way we do now, endeavouring to
make all around us comfortable, and that we may be able to
continue generous friends to the poor. I fear that to be
much limited, would be very difficult to me: I desire that my
attention being so much turned to things temporal, may not
hinder my progress in things spiritual; I do not believe it
injurious to have the natural part occupied in natural things,
provided all be done under subjection, and with a single eye
to the service of our great Master.
PZashlet, Eigzhth Month, 14th. —Eighteen, in addition to
our own family, slept here last night; we passed a comfortable, and, I hope, not an unsatisfactory day. When surrounded by many of my own family, I desire to be preserved
from the spirit of judgment, but I find it difficult not to be
on the watch with those who have been outwardly baptized;
how far the living baptism shines forth in them, and enables
to renounce the devil and all his works, the pomps, lusts, and
vanities of this present world. Surely, saith my soul, there
is but one saving baptism, even that which redeems from
the world; and I more and more think I see the danger of




190         LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.              [1812.
the outward form or ordinance, lest any should deceive themselves (into thinking) that they are baptized into Christ,
when in reality they know little about it; not that I judge
those before alluded to, but there is need of further washing,
I believe, in them, and in me.
Ninth Jlonth, 2nd.-This morning our poor servant, who
has for some weeks kept his bed very seriously ill, died. I
feel that I have cause for humble gratitude, in having been,
at the awful time, strengthened by faith, and I believe, I may
say, having experienced the Divine presence near; I have
often sat and watched'by his bed-side, desiring to know
whether I had anything to do, or say, as to his soul's welfare.
I found neither feeling, faith, nor ability, to say or do much
more, than endeavour to turn his mind towards his Maker,
but I think never more than once, in anything of the anointing
power.  Yesterday morning I found him  much worse, a
struggle upon him that appeared breaking the thread of life,
and his sufferings great, mentally and bodily. The first thing
I found in myself was, that a willing mind was granted me,
and in sitting by him, the power and spirit of supplication
and intercession for him arose, to which I gave way; it immediately appeared to bring a solemn tranquillity, his pains
and restlessness were quieted; his understanding, I believe,
was quite clear: he thanked me, and said, "' God bless you,
ma'am," as if he felt much comfort in what had passed. Faith,
love, and calmness, were the covering of my mind. He had,
I believe, only one or two more slight struggles after I left
him; after that I was sent for, and found that the conflict
appeared over, and he breathed his last in about a quarter of
an hour.  There was peculiar sweetness, and great silence
and solemnity in the room. I had to acknowledge that I believed the mercy of our Heavenly Father was then extended
towards him, and to express a desire, that it might, in the
same awful moment, be extended towards us, feeling how
greatly we stood in need of mercy. The rest of the day
passed off as well as I could expect; I feared lest the servants




1812.]     LIFE OF ELIZABETH FRY.                   191
and others should attribute that praise to me, with which I
had nothing to do, for I could not have prayed, or found an
answer to prayer, without an anointing from the Most High.
It led me to feel it a blessing to be entrusted with this sacred
and precious gift; for though ministers may have much to
pass through, and many crosses to take up, for their own
good and that of others, yet, it is a marvellous gift when the
pure life stirs, operates, and brings down strongholds. My
nerves were rather shaken, so as to make me naturally fearful, at times, the rest of the day. I have a great desire,
that this event may be blessed to the household, more particularly the' servants, that it may humble and bow their
spirits, that they may live more in love, and grow in the
knowledge of God, and of our Lord and Saviour Jesus
Christ.
The funeral of the servant was fixed for the following
First-day: as the time approached, Elizabeth Fry felt an
earnest desire arise in her heart, that the occasion might be
one of benefit to others, as several of his friends were to be
present; some from the immediate neighbourhood.
She proposed that, in the evening, all the assembled guests
should be invited to attend the family reading with her own
household, but before the hour arrived for the performance
of a duty, which was to her exceedingly weighty, she was
summoned to visit Eliza, the newly married wife of her
cousin, James Sheppard, who was rapidly sinking into the
grave. The afflicted husband and sister were deeply needing
the skilful tenderness, with which she could meet such exigencies. At Meeting, in the morning, her heart had been
strengthened, and apparently prepared, for the duties of the
day. By the bed of languishing, we find her, waiting for
that unction, without which she was sensible that her services
could avail nothing; and on the same evening, in her own
dwelling, when surrounded by about forty, besides her
children, she speaks in exhortation and prayer. Her address




192         LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  PRY.             [1812.
was closely suited to the state of some persons present, and
unflinchingly did she impress upon them, that the " way of
transgressors is hard." The occasion was long remembered
by individuals who were there, and who attributed their
permanent improvement to the solemn truths they then
heard; and for the first time, effectively received into their
hearts.  Her own journal of the day, written the following
morning, portrays the workings of her mind.
Plashet, Ninth JMont], Second day.-Yesterdcay was rather
a remarkable day.  I rose very low and fearful: my spirit
appeared overwhelmed within me, partly I think from some
serious outward- matters, but principally from such an extreme
fear of my approaching confinement, feeling nothing in myself to meet it, and knowing that it must come unless death
prevent it. I went to Meeting, but was almost too low to
know whether I should go or not; however, being helped
in testimony to show the blessedness of those who hope in
the Lord, and not in themselves, appeared to do me good, as
if I had to minister to myself, as well as to others; I had
a trust that my help was in the Lord, and that therefore I
should experience my heart to be strengthened.  A message
came requesting my immediate attendance on poor dear Eliza
Sheppard, who appeared near her end.  Of course I went.
These visits are very awful; to sit by that, which we believe
to be a death-bed; to be looked to by the afflicted, and others,
as a minister from whcim something is expected, and the fear,
at such a time, of the activity of the creature arising, and
doing that which it has no business to do. After sitting some
time quiet, part of which she appeared to sleep, and part to
be awake, a solemn silence covered us, the words of supplication arose in due time; when I believed her to be engaged
in the same manner, by her putting her hands together; I
knelt cdown, and felt greatly helped; but had not so much to
pray for her alone, as for all of us, there present with her.
I had a few words also to say, in taking leave; the visit ap



1812.]     LIFE OF ELIZABETH FRY.                  193
peared sweet to her by her smiles, and her whispering to her
sister, expressing this. Thus ended this solemn scene, her
husband, her own sister and brother, and dear Elizabeth
Gurney were present; dear Eliza Sheppard's mind appeared
in a truly calm, resigned state. I returned home in rather
more than an hour, when the prospect of the evening felt
very serious to me. After poor John's funeral, I wished
the servants, and those who attended it and were disposed
to do so, to be present at our reading. The party were in
all about forty, many young people, and others. We first
read two chapters in Matthew: after a pause I knelt down,
and had to supplicate, first, for all the party; afterwards,
for our own household, more particularly for the servants;
in all which I was helped, and a very solemn silence followed. The party broke up; I think I found myself
strengthened, rather than weakened, by the day's work,
mentally and bodily, though my own great weakness soon
returned upon me, and it appeared striking that such an one
should have been so engaged; but painful as these feelings
of depression are to bear, I know " it is well," as it keeps
me humble, at least I hope so, lowly and abased. Oh! saith
my soul, after thus ministering to others, may I not become
a cast-away myself, and neither in trouble, nor rejoicing,
bring discredit on the cause that I love, or on HI-is name,
whom I desire to serve.
Plashet, 10th. A hopeful, and I trust thankful frame of
spirit.  May the praise be wholly and entirely ascribed
where the praise is due, for neither in myself, nor in any
outward thing or person, can I at times receive consolation,
unless the Divine blessing attend.  Enable me, O Lord!
to rejoice in Thee, and to give Thee thanks, that Thou hast
so far seen meet to relieve me from my fearfulness, and
the captivity I have been in. Oh! it is a blessed thing to
know that there yet lives a Saviour, ready to help our infirmities: blessed be His holy name for ever. In Him do
I trust, not in myself; be pleased, O Lord! to confirm,
25




194        LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.,   [1812.
establish and strengthen my feeble heart, that I may rightly
and fully ascribe glory, honour, and power to the Father,
Son, and Holy- Spirit; yet feeling all as one, and but as
mighty parts of the same eternal, invisible, and invincible
power. Whatsoever be taken from me, may this faith live,
grow, and increase abundantly.
Her eighth child was born in the Ninth Month, 1812.
Writing very soon afterwards to her cousin, Joseph Gurney
Bevan, she thus records her thankfulness.
Plashet, Fourth day.
My beloved Cousin,
I am safe, and I have a sweet little girl. What can I
render?  My heart feels this morning rather overwhelmed
within me. I hope not without love to the great Master;
but how sweetly has it flowed towards many, whom I believe
to be more or less His followers.  I have particularly felt it
towards my much-loved Friends in Gracechurch-street
Meeting.  My spirit has felt amongst you; I hope you do
not forget me, for I do not forget you; with what love have
you, as a body, been brought to my remembrance; many
individually. May we each fill our respective ranks, none
drawing back, but stepping forward in the cause of
righteousness. Though I have been long out of' sight, yet
I trust I am not quite out of the minds of many, but I desire
the prayers of the church, for preservation, and more full
dedication and resignation, in all things, to the Divine will.
It would be very pleasant to see thee, or any of those whom
I feel so near (though so unworthy of it, yet I could hope)
in the covenant of life. My heart has also been so filled
with love towards the Friends of my own Quarterly Meeting, that I could have written them a letter of love.
17th.-It appears due for me to acknowledge the tender
mercies and loving-kindness of a long-suffering God, in my
late safe deliverance, though, at times, tried by various feelings of weakness, yet I have been permitted to find the




1813.]     LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                 195
healing virtue near, keeping soul and body, the calming influence of which has, at times, been very sweet; at others,
my heart has had to flow with love towards many.  No
doubt my late confinements have been precious seasons,
wherein the love of the Father has been present with me;
though occasionally at others, brought very low, and tried
by bodily and mental infirmities. Enable me, 0 Lord! to
render all the praise to Thee, and yet to trust and not be
afraid.
Plashet, Jrinth MJkonth, 2Sth. —When my spirits are low, I
am apt to feel leaving the country, which is proposed for the
winter. I am almost surprised at myself, the tears have often
risen; very few, indeed I believe none, know how sweet the
quiet and the beauties of the country have been to me; it
takes hold of some of my tender feelings.
Mildred's Court, Eleventh Month, 24th. —I arrived here
last evening to settle for the winter, after a very encouraging
Public Meeting, with dear William Forster, at Plaistow, which
I believe did me good; I felt the Power near, it appeared to
cover us and the assembly, though I passed through much in
the Meeting, so as to shake me very much; but truth appeared to me to come into dominion, which was cause for
humble gratitude. May I be enabled to perform my duties,
at home and abroad.
Mildred's Court, First MJonth, 12th, 1813. —At last I have
been enabled to accomplish my desire, in having the greater
part of our family here, present at the Scripture reading in
the morning: it has been to me a very humbling thing, and
I may say trying; the difficulty, reluctance, and lukewarmness about it, that appeared to exist, so that I was obliged
to beg my beloved husband to ask it for me. It was very exercising on the First-day morning, when we met; but through
all, unusual peace has been my portion, in giving up to it.
It has been entered into more by faith, than by sight, as it
appeared so very discouraging; others not uniting in what
seems to me so important a duty: but I have a secret hope




I96        LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.    [1813.
and belief, that good will come of it, if the Lord will be
pleased to bless and strengthen me in it. Oh! saith my soul,
may it tend to our sanctification and redemption. Be pleased,
O Lord! so to bless it, that it become not a dead form, but
may it enliven our hearts towards Thee; and enable Thy
poor handmaid to be a faithful minister of Thy word amongst
them, so as to be made instrumental in drawing some nearer
to Thee. I am thankful, for having been so far helped on
my way, and for a little peace within, when discouragement
was without.
Mildred's Court, Second Mionth, 5th.-The subject of
visiting the Monthly Meetings, has been very present with
me.  Grant, O Lord! I beseech Thee, strength and ability
to do Thy will, and promote Thy cause in the hearts of
others; I know I am little and weak, yet Thou canst cause
one to chase a thousand, and two to put ten thousand to flight.
I feel little doubt but that my way will be made in this matter,
and that this concern is not of my own appointment. Let
me commit myself, as much as I can, into better hands, there
leaving it, seeking in all things, a humble mind and resigned'will. I have felt and still feel, if the armour of the Lord be
put on, which I humbly trust it will be, that I shall be
enabled to fight valiantly. Be with me, 0 Lord! then I need
not fear, what any man, or any power can do unto me.  See,
and cleanse me, if there be any wicked way in me, and lead
me in the way everlasting: make this visit instrumental of
still more closely uniting me, in Gospel love and fellowship
to all scattered here about; yet preserve the poor creature
from ever being exalted, or taking that glory that is not its
due.
JMildred's Court, 11th.-I feel fresh cause for thankfulness,
in being helped through yesterday at our Monthly Meeting,
in mentioning my concern to Friends, to visit the Monthly
Meetings, &c., of our Quarterly Meeting; I was unusually
exercised in doing it, it appeared such a very pressing matter,
as if I must do it, though some of my best and most valued




1813.1     LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.               197
friends advised me against it, thinking that I might safely go
without any minute, which I did not feel to be the case, as I
apprehended the concern to be more extensive than it at first
appeared. I have seldom experienced greater relief in any
thing. I could hardly help rejoicing yesterday, with the
feelings of thankfulness, that the thing was got through so
much to my satisfaction and comfort. Oh, how I loved my
friends, I even felt it sweet their participating with me, ag I
believe they did, though little was said, in what I have felt
so awful and important, yet, enough was said to satisfy me,
and even in one instance, in stronger terms than I quite
approved, more than I dared myself say of the concern. I
felt a fear yesterday, and also feel it to-day, of taking anything like my rest in this sweet feeling that has attended me,
and so becoming unwatchful, not devoted and circumspect
enough. I believe I may truly say my desire is, that this
event may be blessed to me, and be instrumental in making
me better in all things.
Mltildred's Court, Second MJionth, 15th.-My fear for myself, the last few days, is, lest I should be exalted by the
evident unity of my dear friends whom I greatly value; and
also my natural health and spirits being good; and being
engaged in some laudable pursuits, more particularly seeing
after the prisoners in New-gate. Oh, how deeply, how very
deeply, I fear the temptation of ever being exalted, or selfconceited. I cannot preserve myself from this temptation,
any more than being unduly cast down, or crushed by others.
Be pleased, O Lord! to preserve me: for the deep inward
prayer of my heart is, that I may ever walk hu/mbly before
Thee: and also before all mankind. Let me never, in any
way, take that glory to myself which alone belongs unto
Thee, if, in Thy mercy, Thou shouldst ever enable one so
unworthy, either to do good, or to communicate.
16th.  Yesterdav we were some hours at Newatewith
the poor female felons, attending to their outward necessities; we had been twice previously. Before we went away,




I93        LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.              [1813.
dear Anna Buxton uttered a few Tords in supplication, and
verynex3edlto               did also. I heard weeping,
and I thought they appeared muchtendered; a very solemn
quiet was observed; it was a striking scene, the poor people
on their knees around, in their deplorable condition.
Thus simply and incidentally, is recorded Elizabeth Fry's
first entrance upon the scene of her future labours, evidently
without any idea of the importance of its ultimate results.
From her early youth her spirit had often been attracted,
in painful sympathy, towards those who, by yielding themselves to the bondage of sin, had become the victims of
human justice. Before she was fifteen years of age, the
House of Correction at Norwich excited her feelings of deep
interest, and by repeated and earnest persuasion, she induced her father to allow her to visit it.  She referred,
many years afterwards, to the impressions which had then
been received, and mentioned to a dear and venerable father
in the truth amongst us, that it had laid the foundation for
her engagement in prisons.
In the First Month of this year, four members of the
Society of Friends, all well known to Elizabeth Fry, had
visited some persons in Newgate, who were about to be
executed. Although no mention is made of the circumstance in the journal, it has always been understood that
the representations of these Friends, particularly those of
William Forster (one of the number), rsfirduced her personally to inspect the state of the women, with the view of
alievig  their:suferings, occasioned'by the inclemency of
the season.
I tthat time, all the female prisoners in Newgate, were
confined in that part, now known as the untried side. The
Iarger portion of the Quadrangle was then used as a state
prison. The partition wall was not of a sufficient height to
prevent the state prisoners from overlooking the narrow yard,
and the windows of the two wards and two cells, of which




1813.]    LIFE OF ELIZABETH FRY.                    199
the women's division consisted. These four rooms comprised
about one hundred and ninety superficial yards, into which,
at the time of these visits, nearly three hundred women, with
their numerous children, were crowded: tried and untried,
misdemeanants and felons, without classification, without
employment, and with no other superintendence than that
given by a man and his son, who had charge of them  by
night and by day.  In the same rooms, in rags and dirt,
destitute of sufficient clothing (for which there was no provision), sleeping without bedding, on the floor, the boards of
which were in part raised to supply a sort of pillow, they
lived, cooked and washed.
With the proceeds of their clamorous begging, when any
stranger appeared amongst them, the prisoners purchased
liquors from a regular tap in the prison. Spirits were
openly drunk; and the ear was assailed by the most terrible
language.  B Beyond that which was necessary for safe custody, there was little restraint over their communication
with the world without.
Although military sentinels were posted on the leads of
the prison, such was the lawlessness prevailing, that even
the. governor entered this portion of it, with reluctancy.
Fearful that their watches would be snatched from  their
sides, he advised the female Friends, (though without avail,)
to leave them in his house.
into this scene, Elizabeth Fry entered, accpmpanied only
by Anna Buxton.  The sorrowful and neglected condition
of these depraved women and their miserable children,
dwelling in such a vortex of corruption, deeply sank into
her heart, although at this time, nothing more was done than
to supply the most destitute with clothes.  She carried back
to her home, and into the midst of other interests and avocations, a lively remembrance of all that she had witnessed
in Newgate;  whi[_ticthmfoyxr       inyduced that systematic effort, for ameliorating the condition of these poor
outcascs, so slgnahfsfy-d^-ble.S.K 73U-Iied-, ~lwho said,' That joy




200        LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.             [1813.
shall be in heaven over one sinner that repenteth, more than
over niiiety and nine just persons who need no repentance.
When we contemplate the enormous evils existing in this
receptacle of vice and wretchedness, the query naturally
suggests itself, how could an enlightened Christian government, and a well organized, municipal corporation, like that
of our great metropolis, have so long overlooked, or passively tolerated, a system so fraught with misery and moral
contamination? The problem can only be solved by recalling the events of that and the antecedent period of our national history, when public attention was so continually absorbed, by the vicissitudes and the calamities of wide-spread
warfare, that but few were at liberty, and yet fewer were
inclined, to direct their attention to internal improvements.
The great work of Prison Reform was commenced when a
happier era was dawning on Europe, and a sentiment was
becoming diffused, that breathed, "Peace on earth, and
good-will towards men."'




1813-1818. Letter to Edward Edwards-Summer at Plashet-Illness during the spring-Her ninth child born, 1814-Illness and
death of her brother John Gurney-Letter to her family-Death
of Joseph Gurney Bevan-Illness of her babe-Journey into Norfolk-Earlham, party assembled there-Visit to Kingston Monthly
Meeting-Death of one of her children-Extracts from lettersAttends Dorsetshire Quarterly Meeting —Her tenth child born, 1816
-Leaves her four elder children in Norfolk-Letters to her daughters-Removal to London for the Winter-Attends the funeral of
her cousin Joseph Gurney, Jun. —Places her two elder-sons at School
— Letter to her sister-General state of Prisons-School in Newgate-Case of Elizabeth Fricker-Newgate Association-Description from Buxton-Sophia de C -      u-  n-Vot-te of thanks from
the City-Letters from Robert Barclay, &c. —Notice in newspapers
— Marriage of her brother, Joseph John Gurney —Extracts from
Letters-Examinations before House of Commons-Capital Punishments-C-ase of Skelton-Duke of Gloucester and Lord Sidmouth
-Queen Charlotte's Visit to the Mansion House-Letter to Countess
Harcourt.
NOT only did a considerable space of time elapse, after
izjbeth.ry's first visits to Newgate, before she. renewed
them, but  in the interim, many events occurred of deep
importtoQherself. Hle "who sits as a Refiner and Purifier of
silver," saw meet to exercise her in the school of affliction,
before raising her up for the remarkable work which she had
to perform.  Long and distressing indisposition; the death
of her brother John Gurney, that of her paternal friend
Joseph Gurney Bevan; the loss of a most tenderly beloved
child; considerable decrease of property; separation, for
a time, from  all her elder children, were among the means
used by Him, who cannot err, more entirely to prepare her
for His service.
26                                        (201)




202        LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.            [1813.
Mildred's Court, Second Month, 19th.-I feel very unworthy this morning, though the day appeared to begin well,
in a few words of solemn supplication.  After reading,
yesterday, I think I was too much off my watch, and did not
keep that bridle over my tongue, which is so important; too
much disposed to bow the knee of my soul to mortals, rather
than to the living God alone. In consequence, I felt this
morning at reading, unwilling to take up the cross. In how
very many ways is my soul beset! no mortals know, or I
believe, even suspect, how much so; at times my hands appear ready to hang or fall down. Alas! may it not be so.
To EDWARD EDWARDS.
Mildred's Court, Third lVonth,2nd, 1813.
My dear Friend,
I have been questioning whether to write to my dear sister
Richenda or thyself, for my heart is full towards you; but as
I had thought of writing to thee before, I think thou hast
the first claim. Words fall short of expression when the
heart is very full; this is my case at present. I feel you all
very near and dear to me, and there are times when I cannot
help longing to have all differences and distinctions done
away, that we may have one heart and be of one mind; this
was brought home to me by the desire I have for your sympathy and prayers in my steppings along, that you may be
able, as it were, to go with me heart and hand; I feel this
because you are so near to me (I trust) in the covenant of
love and life, but amidst these cogitations, a sweet thought
has arisen, that although, in time, we may not experience all
walls of separation to be broken down, yet we may look
forward to a blessed eternity, where with one accord and
one heart, we may join the heavenly host, in ascribing glory
and honour, wisdom and power, unto our God, and the Lamb
for ever.
Even here the sweet love and unity of which we at times
are permitted to partake, appears like a foretaste of that




1813.1     LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                203
which is to be enjoyed. If any of you should feel disposed
to write me a few lines, I hope you will do so; and if any
hint or caution arises, I beg you will freely give it; for it is
well to watch over one another for good.  The sense of my
own weakness, infirmity, and utter insufficiency to promote
the glorious cause, also a natural flinching from such an
exposure, and so far taking up the cross, at times make my
heart feel sick, and my spirit ready to faint within me; then
again arises for my help and consolation, a faith in Him who
gives power to the faint, and to him who has no might
increases strength; indeed my confidence is not in myself,
but in the power of a Saviour and Redeemer. My desire is,
through the ability given, or grace afforded, that I may attend
to the blessed injunction of " Continue ye in my love. If ye
keep my commandments, ye shall abide in my love, even as
I have kept my Father's commandments and abide in His
love."  May it be under the constraining influence of this
love, that I ever dare to advocate His cause, and may I be
preserved from my own willings and runnings. I find, my
dear friend, thou hast lately been afflicted and tried: unto
such how many precious promises are offered, yet there are
times when the heart feels unable to receive them, and we can
hardly believe ourselves of the number to whom they apply.
Is this ever thy case? perhaps we can sympathize in the feeling of, at times, walking in darkness, and having no light;
may we then "trust in the Lord, and stay ourselves upon
our God."  My dear love to thy wife, dear Richenda, and
my brother, D   - G —, and remember me affectionately
to our friends, the Hankinsons.  Believe me thy affectionately interested friend,
ELIZABETH FRY.
Mildred's Court, Third MJonth, 22nd.-Began the day
poorly, by not doing what came to hand at our family reading; and now, I am going to set out to visit the sick and
sorrowful belonging to Westminster Meeting.  O Lord!




204         LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.    [1813
have mercy on me, and pardon my transgressions, and enable
Thy poor unworthy one to speak a word in season to the
afflicted and tried.  Thou only knowest my heart and its
many fears; preserve me from evil, and keep the gift pure,
I beseech Thee, and unalloyed by the dross of my nature, as
I fear for it, lest being so very often called forth, I should
ever stir in my own strength; help Thy poor, dependent
child, O Lord! I pray Thee have mercy on me, be with me
in the way that I should go, preserve me from undue fear of
man, yet keep me open to caution, reproof, or advice of
those further advanced; keep me humble, lowly and obedient, walking in Thy fear, and in Thy love. Amen.
Enable me to walk before Thee this day, with a watchful,
circumspect, and faithful heart. Thou hast blessed, be yet
pleased to bless!
Plashet, Fourth Month, 8th.-Yesterday I gave up my
minute. I was helped to acknowledge how it had been with
me, that way had been made for me inwardly and outwardly,
to accomplish that which I had in view; and although I
before had deep humiliation to pass through, and had to bear
the cross greatly in some things, also to feel much abased,
under a sense of my own infirmity and unworthiness, yet that
I had experienced a power, better than myself, helping me;
even that which I believed to be the power of an endless life,
strengthening me to do things which I could not of myself
have done; I had learned afresh that, to the creature, nothing belongeth but confusion of face, but to the Holy Helper,
who alone is worthy,-glory, honour, power, thanksgiving,
and praise.  Sweet quietness and peace, was felt after this
acknowledgment to the women and men. I also expressed
my desire, that whenever weakness or infirmity had shown
itself, it might be laid to the creature, but whenever good,
however small, had appeared, that it might by myself and
others be attributed to the Creator.
Plashet, 28th, —Dear Edward Edwards and —his wife are
staying here, which has been pleasant to me.




1813.]      LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.               205
Fifth MS1onth, lst.-So one month passes away, and another
comes. A sweetness and power enlivens my heart this morning. I pray Thee, 0 Lord! Thou who hast hitherto helped
me, be with me this day, preserve me humble and lowly in
spirit, enable me to do Thy will; if Thou grantest ability to
Thy poor handmaid to speak in Thy name, enable her, and
all, to give wholly unto Thee the glory and honor of Thy
own work. We had a very striking time yesterday evening, before our dear friends Edward and Anne Edwards left
us, when sitting with them, my sister Priscilla, and some
others. Dear Edward Edwards knelt down, and to my
feelings, expressed himself in a very lively manner; others
were led to speak, both in testimony and supplication; afterwards, I had to pour forth a little of my soul; there appeared to flow a current of life and love, as if we were owned by the Most High; I felt my own like a song of praise.
Sixth Aonth.-I am likely to attend dear Mary Dudley,
to the families of this Monthly Meeting, which appears a
suitable opening for me, and one which seems lively and desirable to my spiritual sight.
Plashet, 24th.-Enabled publicly, after reading, to cast
my case upon my Holy Helper, and I have since found
much comfort and relief to my before tried mind, so as to
know a degree of that precious feeling of my peace flowing
as a river, and being in measure enabled to do that which I
have to do, as unto the Lord.
Plashet, Tenth Jffonth, 15th. —%My original intention in
writing this journal, has been simply and purely the good of
my own soul; but, if, after my death, those who survive
should believe that any part of it would conduce to strengthen others in the faith, and to encourage them in righteousness, by manifesting the loving-kindness of the Almighty to
His unworthy child, or to the comfort of any mourner in
Zion, I am willing that it should be exposed, even if my
weaknesses are acknowledged; so long as they lead to the
love of Him, who has, in tender mercy, manifested Himself




206       LIFE OF ELIZABETH FRY.                 [1813.
to be strength in my weakness, and a present Helper in every
needful time.
Eleventh JXonth, 12tt. —I am likely to set off early tomorrow without my husband, to go into Norfolk; this prospect I feel pleasant and painful; pleasant, the idea of being
at Earlham; painful, leaving home, and more particularly
my husband.  Mlay I be enabled there faithfully to do my
duty, in whatever way I may be led, in Meeting, or out
of Meeting; may the time spent there be to our mutual
comfort and edification, and may those left be cared for and
preserved, soul and body, by Him who careth for us; this I
humbly trust will be the case. Amen.
Plashet, 25th.-I returned safely home to my beloved
family, on Second-day evening, the 22nd, I trust I may say,
in thankfulness of heart, finding all well, and going on altogether very comfortably.  I returned by Ipswich, accompanied by my sister Priscilla and my brother Joseph, and spent
all First-day there; but I was unusually low, almost distressed, on account of little Betsy, as I heard she was unwell, and knew not the extent of it; so that my natural
impatience to get home was great; but I felt kept there,
and as if I could not go away, and thus deeply tried in myself, was greatly helped from one service to another, during
the day, being variously and often engaged. It was a day
of natural tribulation as far as fears went; and may I not
say almost of spiritual abounding?  So it is! and so I
often have found it, that I have to be brought as to the dust
of the earth, before I am greatly helped.  Out of the
depths, we are raised to the heights. Dear Priscilla, before
we parted, prayed for my safe and speedy return home, which
prayer has been remarkably granted. Third-day, my beloved
husband, with our children, attended the Monthly Meeting,
where our certificate was received.
This was from  Gracechurch-street Meeting to that of
Plaistow; their removal to Plashet having brought them
within the compass of the latter.




1814.]     LIFE OF ELIZABETeH FRY.                207
I should say, the day was begun by returning thanks in
my own family, amongst my children, husband, and servants, to my peace; the rest of the day passed in much domestic comfort with my husband at home.  This was one of
the very bright days of life; blessings are abundantly
granted, and sometimes even a blessing upon the blessings,
that makes all feel sweet and lovely!
Plashet, Twelfth JMonth, 13th. —I do think, at times, that
it is by far my first desire, to be brought into conformity to
the Divine will, but at other times, I am ready to fear that I
deceive myself; but I am thankful in believing that the secret
intents and purposes of my heart are known, though at the
same time I am sensible that there is much infirmity, and
evil propensity which must also be known; yet even of that
I am glad, for it is well the physician should know the extent
of the malady, as he alone can rightly apply the remedy.
Thou knowest me, O Lord! much better than I know myself; Thou knowest the intents and purposes of my heart;
bring that under, which, in any way, opposes itself to Thy
will being done in me, by me and through me; be with me
unto the end, 0 Lord! I pray Thee, and, in Thine own time,
subdue all that rebels against Thee; do for me that which I
cannot do for myself; even carry on Thine own work in me,
to Thy own praise; make me willing at all times, to speak
in Thy name, when it is according to thy will; yet more
and more manifest Thine own power, in Thy poor unworthy
child.
First YMonth, 24th, 1814.-I feel affected by the distresses
of the poor, owing to the very sharp weather; and hardly
know how to serve them, but I mean to go after them, and
desire a blessing may attend my small efforts to relieve them,
for it appears very little we can do, so as thoroughly to
assist them; but I trust a better than ourselves is near to
help and support them under their many trials.
Plashet, Second 3Month, 4th. —I am lowv, under a sense of
my own infirmities, and also rather grieved by the poor. I




208      LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.               [1814.
endeavoured to serve them, and have given them such broth
and dumplings as we should eat ourselves; I find great fault
has been found with them, and one woman seen to throw
them to the pigs: however, I truly desire to act in this with
a Christian spirit, still persevering to do my utmost for them,
and patiently bear their reproach, which may be better for
me than their praises.
Third Month, 20th. —The craving of my soul for preservation is almost past expression: feeling as I am permitted
to do at times, the goodness of the Lord, how fervent is my
desire, how inexpressible my prayer, that I may ever be His,
in and through all things; that I may dwell nearer in spirit
to my Redeemer, that increased humility, watchfulness,
patience and forbearance, may be my portion; that I may
not only be saved myself, but that I may not stand in the
way of others' salvation, more particularly in that of my own
household and family; that I may, if consistent with the
Divine will, be made instrumental in saving others. Now,
in the time of my retirement from the world, from being
unwell, my soul craves in deep prostration, preservation from
Thee, 0 God! There are seasons of deep prostration, when
my soul is overwhelmed within me, under the feeling of Thy
goodness, Thy power, and in love towards Thyself, Thy ever
blessed cause, and those that fear Thy name. This morning my heart commends numbers, who are assembled for
the solemn purpose of worshipping Thee, to Thy grace and
good keeping; animate them by Thy love, keep them in Thy
fear; yet be with, and keep Thy poor, unworthy handmaid;
be it unto her according to Thy will, or Thy word: yet, in
Thy abundant mercy, permit her soul to magnify Thee, 0
Lord! and her spirit to rejoice in God her Saviour, which
she has been permitted to do of late, even in seasons of
deep humiliation, or when coming out of the depths.
25th. —  lay I spiritually and temporally this day be enabled to give myself up to my Master, not looking upon myself as my own, or feeling anxious as to what I suffer, or -:y




1814.]     LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                209
suffer, but rather resigning myself unto Him. who knows what
is best for me: but this is not in my own power. Keep me,
O Lord! near unto Thyself, and Thy own preserving power,
and let me not wander from Thee, either in word, deed, or
desire, or be over anxious as to what may await me, but
strengthen me, if consistent with Thy will, to trust in Thy
mercy towards one so poor, so weak, and so frail.
Fourth i onth, 30th. —Tn great weakness and infirmity.
Gracious and Almighty Father, permit Thy poor child to
come unto Thee, her God and Saviour, that, if consistent
with Thy holy will, she may once more be healed and revived,
through thy Almighty, saving power; give her not over to
the will of her soul's enemies, and permit not temptation or
weakness to overcome her, but in Thine own unspeakable
and unmerited mercy, be Thou yet unto her, her Lord and
her God, her Saviour and her Redeemer, her present help in
trouble, and her only hope of glory. Amen.
Plcashet. Fifth MJonth, 24th.-My soul followeth hard after
Thee, O Lord! enable Thy poor child to follow after Thee,
preserve her from letting in want of faith, mistrust, or fear,
but enable her to cleave very close unto Thee, and through
all her trials, that nothing may, in any degree, separate her
from Thy love.
Plashet, Sixth Month, 13th.-Though clouds may be permitted to overshadow me, before the real trial comes, yet I
cannot but have a hope that help will marvellously be extended in the needful time. Help, dearest Lord, or I perish;
permit me neither to let go my hold in times of trial, nor
deny Thee in thought, word, or deed; but acknowledge Thy
goodness to thy very greatly favored, but unworthy child.
These words arise; "' be still, and thou shalt see the salvation of God." Be it so, saith my soul.
The birth of her ninth child took place on the 14th of
Sixth Month.
27




210        LIFE OF ELIZABETH FRY.    [1814.
Plashetr, 20th.-As I lay this morning, these words occurred to me, Lackest thou anything?  The answer of my
heart was, Nothing, Lord! Thy mercies abundantly overflow; only enable me and mine to keep a still closer covenant with Thee, and to remember Thy commandments to
do them; and may my soul ever make her boast in Thee,
her God and Saviour; and never, no never, take that to herself, that in no degree belongs to her.  Under a fear of too
freely approaching Thy sacred footstool in word, as Thou,
Lord, knowest my heart, and its secret purposes, do that
for me that I cannot do for myself; and may I, day by day,
yet experience Thy grace to be sufficient for me, whether in
mourning, or in rejoicing.
2lst.-My soul cannot help feeling greatly bowed in
gratitude for the many and great benefits received; thanksgiving is the voice of my heart, though something of anxiety
and disquietude has been my portion, more particularly on
account of my beloved husband and children. I also desire
to settle my household aright, to walk before them with an
upright, humble, and perfect heart, fulfilling the Law and
the Gospel.  I desire to be scrupulously nice as to my conduct towards servants.  I thought, if not saying too much
for myself, that I have wept, as between the porch and the
altar, on their account, and on that of my beloved family
altogether; I feel it cause for much thanksgiving, so far
to be restored to them again, but my natural spirits, at
times, are overcome.  Grant wisdom and grace, O Lord! I
pray Thee, to Thy poor child, to order her steps aright before them all, being wise as the serpent and harmless as the
dove.
Elizabeth Fry was, at this time, tenderly affected by the
critical illness of her beloved friend and relative, Joseph
Gurney Bevan.
And, as soon as her health was sufficiently restored to
admit of it, she took a journey to Earlham, to see her brother
John Gurney, who was then rapidly declining.




1814.]       LIFE  OF EL  ZABPTHi FORY.              211
Plashet,.Eighth JMonth, 15th.-Once more arrived at my
sweet home, and truly thankful in having finished my visit
to my much-beloved brothers and sisters with satisfaction.  I
feel most tenderly for all, and I humbly trust, all are pressing Zion-ward, though I cannot say that I fully understand,
or enter into, the activity of the creature appearing to show
itself so much in things belonging to the soul's salvation:
but this I know, inasmuch as it is of God, it will stand; but
inasmuch as it is of man, it will fall.  It is not for a poor
unworthy fellow-mortal, like myself, to say what is of God,
and what is not; though I may apprehend that there is a
mixture, not only in them, but in myself, and in us as a body;
though our belief and profession is, that nothing short of the
Holy Spirit can really help forward the cause of righteousness on the earth, whether it be immediately, or instrumentally; and that we can only do good when influenced
by this Spirit, and therefore desire to wait for its stirrings.
I parted from. my beloved sister Rachel, who has, for months
past, been to me a tenderly beloved friend, a most watchful
and valuable nurse, and a ri. t loving sister; I felt parting
from her a good deal.
Plashet, 29th.-My heart has been much affected by the
accounts of my beloved brother, who appears sinking into
the grave, step by step; but his soul most mercifully cared
for, and also his body greatly shielded from suffering.
Earlham, Ninth Month, 9th.-I trust I have been enabled
to do what I ought, in this matter; after writing the above,
a letter arrived, that quite confirmed me in the propriety of
making ready to set off early on the Third-day morning, but
I could not feel easy to do it till that time. I felt bound in
spirit to offer up my family to the care of a protecting Providence publicly, after our reading in the morning, before I set
off, which I was enabled to do; and also to pray for my
beloved brother, that in passing through the valley of the
shadow of death, he might fear no evil; (this prayer appeared
fully answered).  I left home, after this, with a peculiarly




212         LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.               [1814.
happy, may I not say cheerful mind? I mean free from burden. I have seldom had a more comfortable journey; in small
things as well as great, I saw the kind hand of Providence.
On the day after her arrival at Earlham, the spirit of her
beloved brother was released from the bonds of mortality, of
which she thus writes to her family.
Earlham, Xintizh 7ot7i, 8th, 1814.
(by the remains of my beloved brother.)
My much loved Husband and Children,
Believing you will feel with me, in what so iiearly concerns
me, and not only me, but you also, I sit down to tell you, as
nearly as I can, what has happened since I came here.  I
believe vou know that I arrived about four o'clock yesterday
morning.  I was then led into the room where my tenderly
beloved brother lay in bed; he was awake, but some feared
he would not know me, instead of which, upon seeing me,
his words were, "My dear sister, come and kiss me;" then
he expressed his great pleasure at our being together-he
looked very sweet, quite easy, may I not say, like one redeemed. After staying some time by him, I went to bed;
but I did not rest much, feeling low, burdened, and rather
poorly. My dear sister Priscilla came to me a little past
nin o'clock, and advised me to come, he was so very bright,
his powers of mind appearing much clearer than any dying
man I ever witnessed, except our poor servant John. Upon
going into his room he kissed us each again, and again said,
he wished for all his sisters together, appearing clearly to
recollect each, for upon one saying, " Now there is no exception, all the sisters are with thee," he at first misunderstood,
and said'" Did you say there is one exception, for there is
not," or to that effect: he said it was delightful, how we loved
one another.  It appeared my place to return thanks for
such unspeakable blessings.  HIe then said, 1 "What a sweet
Pradyer!" and afterwards, " I never passed so happy a morn



1814.j      LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.              213
ing; how delightful being together, and loving one another,
as we do."  As the day further advanced, he said, " What
a beautiful day this has been!"  My dear uncle and aunt
Joseph, came a little before dinner: Charles Brereton, William Wilkinson and his wife, Hannah Scarnel, nurse Norman,
and his own man, were our companions. Dr. Alderson called
in the morning, and ID. Dalrymple, each much affected, he
expressed himself so kindly to them; he desired his love to
Amelia Opie; he enjoyed our dear sister lichenda, singing
hymns to him; he took leave of most of the old servants; to
one whom he used not much to like, he spoke the most kindly,
said he was glad to see him, and shook him warmly by the
hand, and bade him "farewell;" he appeared deeply impressed with his many blessings, and the mercy shown him.
About half an hour after it was over, we had once more to
approach the sacred footstool (for ability) to bless the Sacred
Name, both for His giving and taking away.  Thus closed
such a day as I never passed; may we not say, "Blessed
are the dead that die in the Lord?"  Oh, my beloved
children and husband, may we not only feel, but profit by
this striking event.
Earlhama, Ninth MJonth, 13th. —ty heart feels very full;
my body I believe has trembled, ever sin/ce I rose, to meet
the party now assembled, and likely to assemble here. My
own corrupt dispositions, I found showed themselves to myself yesterday, which I believe tended to lay me very low;
may I not say, the feeling of my heart is, that I am lying
prostrate in the dust?  I have been greatly tendered in
spirit with love to those here, whom I believe to love the
Lord; united to them in a manner inexpressible, in my
inmost heart-all barriers being broken down. Yet I feel
it needful to be very watchful, very careful; to be faithful
to the testimony that I apprehend myself called upon to
bear, not only for my own sake, but also for the sake of the
younger ones about me; Lord, be pleased to help me, to
guide me, to counsel me, that from my own will and preju



214        LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.             [1814.
dice, I -wound not a beloved brother or sister in Christ, but
so keep me in Thy fear, in Thy love, and under a sense of
Thy presence; that I act in these most awful and important
duties, according to Thy most holy and blessed will. During
these few days, when so surrounded by many of various
descriptions, keep my eye, I fervently pray Thee, single
unto Thyself, doing whatever Thou wouldest have me, either
to do, or to suffer,-not bowing the knee of my heart to
any mortal, or seeking to gratify, or even satisfy self-but,
0 Lord! let Thy will be done in me, by me, and through
me; permit our souls to be united in sweet and precious
unity with all who fear Thy name, and not only those; even
animate the hearts of others, who may not yet know Thee,
that they also may be touched by Thy love, and united
together in Thy fear. Let Thy good presence be with us,
that the feeble be strengthened, the discouraged animated
by hope, the lukewarm stimulated, and the backslider turned
from the error of his ways, even so, if consistent with Thy
holy will. If thou seest meet to make use of Thy unworthy
children to speak in Thy name, be unto them tongue and
utterance, wisdom and power, that through Thy grace, and
the help of Thy spirit, sinners may be converted unto Thee.
Amen, Amen.
Plashet, 22nd.-My beloved brother's funeral was a very
soleLn and humbling day to me; whilst we sat at Earlham
round the body, my uncle Joseph, my sisters Catherine,
Rachel, and Priscilla, and I, each had something to say;
also Edward Edwards. I had to finish the sitting with these
words, " There are different gifts, but the same Spirit. And
there are differences of administrations, but the same Lord.
And there are diversities of operations, but it is the same
God which worketh all in all. But let us earnestly covet
the best gifts."  It certainly was a striking occasion. Were
not all, in a measure, leavened into one spirit?  It was a
very solemn time at the ground, and I trust an instructive
one, very affecting to our'Natural feelings, thus to leave the




1814.]     LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                 215
body of one so tenderly beloved, to moulder with the dust.
Upon my return, I heard of the sudden death of my longloved cousin, J. G. Bevan. My spirit was much overwhelmed
within me, but there was a stay underneath; blessed be the
name of the Lord. I bid them all farewell, at Earlham, in
near unity. Oh, may my children love as we love-this
has been the prayer of my heart!
30th.-Another month nearly gone, how much has passed
in it; how awfully has death been brought to my view. I
have felt it a good deal, on my own account: and cannot
say that, at present, death appears to have no sting for me,
or the grave no victory. May that blessed state ever be mine,
of knowing the sting of death to be altogether removed.
Extract from a letter to her cousin, P. H. Gurney.
Plashet, Tenth Month, 19th, 1814.
My beloved Cousin,
I regret not answering thy letter before, but almost constant
engagements have prevented me.  I believe few can more
feelingly sympathize than myself, in thy great loss in this
our tenderly beloved cousin, Joseph Gurney Bevan.
He was indeed a true friend, a wise counsellor, and is an
inexpressible loss to me; I feel a real and great deprivation,
and a vacancy that I know not who can fill. Dear John
Hull's state is also very affecting, but he yet remains not
only alive, but lively in spirit. I have once been to see him,
and may be thankful that he is yet spared to us, but it is a
blessing I do not expect long to enjoy; dear Rachel Smith's
loss is also present with me. Now for my tenderly beloved
brother; words fall very short of expression. I do not know
that I can feel grateful enough on his account; we may
truly say that his end appeared blessed indeed, love, joy,
and peace were the covering of his spirit, "Blessed are the
dead that die in the Lord." No evil or sorrow appeared to




',16'LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.             [1815,,
be permitted to come near him, no pain, mind, or body,'that
we could perceive,-what a fav ur! He was buried in the
Friends' Burying Ground at Norwich, by his wife.
JPlashet, Eleventh JkIonth, 2nd. —My beloved husband
and girls returned from France, on Second day; my heart
was rather overwhelmed in receiving them  again.  I also
had to feel the spirit in which some persons took my having
allowed them to go, making what appeared to be unkind remarks. Oh, how do I see rocks on every hand; thus almost
all persons, who appear to pride themselves upon their consistency, are apt to judge others; whilst some, who no
doubt yield to temptations, greatly suffer, and weaken themselves by it.  How weak, how frail are we on every hand;
my heart was much overwhelmed, seeing the infirmities of
others, and feeling my own.
Elizabeth Fry exercised a watchful care, never, unless
duty required it, to oppose the wishes of her husband; and
it could not reasonably be expected that she would prevent
his taking his two elder girls on this excursion. But her
solicitude on account of her family became increasingly
great. She found as her children advanced in age, and the
corrupt propensities of the natural mind developed themselves, that she often failed in her attempts to control the
unyielding will, and to subdue the vain inclination-and,
from external circumstances, she did not receive the co-operation requisite, rightly to govern their volatile temperament: but earnest were her efforts to guide them into the
way of peace, and fervent her prayers that they might be
gathered to the fold of the good Shepherd.
jlildred's Court, J7irst JMfonth, 16t~h, 1815. —Ve came
here for a little change of air, on account of our poor babe,
who has been, and continues seriously ill. Instead of her
sweet smile, her countenance mostly marks distress; the
cause appears greatly hidden; my mind and heart are op



1815.]     LIFE OF ELIZABETH FRY.                 217
pressed, and my body fatigued, partly from losing so much
sleep.  I have felt my infirmity during this affliction, and
also having betrayed it to others, which I have, I apprehend, to judge by my touchy feelings; but, I trust, I repent. Oh, what am I? very poor, very unworthy, very
weak, but through all, I trust that the Lord will be my
stay; and even when brought thus low, I have known a
little of being, at seasons, clothed with that righteousness
which cometh from God: I found it was well so feelingly
to have been brought to a knowledge of what I am, in myself,
as I could more fully testify from whence the good comes,
when brought in measure, under its calming, enlivening, and
loving influence. Preserve me, 0 Lord! from hurting the
little ones, more particularly those before whom I have to
walk; and permit me yet to encourage their progress Zionward.
25th.-A time of anxiety about things temporal has lately
been my portion, but much deliverance has so far been
granted; my sweet baby is much better: though other
matters are still pressing, yet it appears, as to things temporal, that prayer has been heard and answered. From one
cause or another, how much my heart, mind, and time have,
for more than a year past, been engaged with the cares of
this life; alas! may the pure seed not be choked.
Second Month, 27th. —I have a religious concern in prospect, which I am likely to lay before Friends to-morrow; but
believing that to be the Lord's work, I am enabled to leave
it, trusting in Him.
This entry in Elizabeth Fry's journal, alludes to some
Meetings which she attended on her way into Norfolk. She
spent a few days at Earlham, before her return home.
Erith, Third JMonth, 23rd.-Yesterday morning commenced
our little journey, cuk friends the Steinkopffs and Rebecca
Chrity with,a' as I id not like the Steinkopffs should leave




218        LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.             [181b.
~a, believing them to be fellow-disciplos. My heart felt very
"ull, with my husband, children, and household around me: it
almost overwhelmed me. I had cast my whole care upon my
holy and blessed Helper, who has hitherto kept me, and
cared for me and mine. Oh, saith my soul, may He preserve
us, now separated, as well as together. I have had to speak
to them all, in testimony, in these words, " If ye love me, keep
my commandments," believing that we poor, fellow-mortals
might address that language to each other. Then, upon
sitting down to breakfast, I had to return thanks for bread
being broken to us, spiritually and temporally, and to pray
for more. I deeply felt parting, most particularly with my
sweet, dear, little babe; but I believe we parted under the
canopy of divine love, and blessing. We travelled well, and
comfortably here, but in the night I had a deep plunge,
making me exceedingly low and nervous. The enemy
seemed to come in like a flood; I sought after quietness
and patience, and in due time, felt a standard to be lifted up
against him, for which mercy may I not say, "Bless the
Lord, oh, my soul, and all that is within me, bless his holy
name." I believe baptisms are necessary for our preparation
and refinement for such awful services, therefore I desire not
to flinch, but to pray that if consistent with the Divine will,
fears may not have dominion over me. Oh, for preservation
on every hand; and be pleased, righteous Father, to be with,
and bless my husband and children, as well as Thy poor,
unworthy handmaid; enable her so to keep the word of Thy
patience, that Thou mayst keep her from the hour of temptation. Amen, and Amen. Be with us, 0 Lord! this day and
night, that we may know our poor bodies and souls to be a
little strengthened, if consistent with thy holy will.
Towards the end of the summer, which had been passed
in tranquil enjoyment at Plashet, she believed it her duty to
join her friends William Forster and Rebecca Christy in a
visit to the families of Kingston Monthly Meeting.




1815.]     LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                  219
Plashet, Ninth Afonth, 9th.-I think I may acknowledge,
that although much stripping and deep poverty has at times
been my portion, during my visit to the families of Kingston
Monthly Meeting, with dear William Forster and Rebecca
Christy; yet power, consolation, and sweetness have also
been felt at times, and I think our way has been remarkably
made in the hearts of those we have visited.  I came home
with the feeling, that he who waters is also watered.  The
prospect of not having finished, and of leaving home again,
is serious; but oh, for preservation and strength to do the
will of God, at home and abroad.
15th.-I returned home last evening, having just finished
my engagement with William Forster and Rebecca Christy.
Being at home again, and having some heavy clouds, a little,
indeed a good deal, dispersed, is a great comfort and relief.
We have been much favoured in our goings along; help being
granted firom season to season, much unity of the Spirit, and
general sweetness and openness amongst others. But I have
felt since my return, this morning, in our frail state, how
difficult it is, even when engaged in religious services, to
prevent our infirmities creeping in and showing themselves,
something like the iniquity of our holy things. Great as is
the honour and favour of being employed in the Master's
service, and the peace and consolation which attend the remembrance of it; yet I am so much aware of the evil seed
not being eradicated from my own heart, that my present
feeling is this, "' Who can understand his errors? cleanse
Thou me from secret faults, keep back Thy servant also
from presumptuous sins, let them not have dominion over
me;" and how anxiously do I desire that I may not only be
as a vessel, washed and cleansed from impurities, contracted
in being used, but also if these have shown themselves, that
the most precious and blessed cause of truth and righteousness, may not have been hurt by me, but that our little
labours of love may be blessed to ourselves and others; and
now that I am come home, oh, may I labour and not faint.




220        LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.             [1815.
Tenth JlMonth, 14th. —I have been of late principally occupied at home, which has its peculiar exercises, as well as
being abroad; having to govern such a large household,
where the infirmity and evil propensity of each one, old and
young, too often show themselves, and deeply try me in many
ways.  It confirms me in a feeling of my infirmity; it
humbles me; yet I trust through all, the discipline of the
cross may be found amongst us, and through its subjecting
influence, the wrong thing in measure is kept under.  However, I have my consolations, and great consolations, but I
find, I am not to rest even in the ruling and order of my
household. Many changes in our family circle, among
others, my dear sister Richenda, is likely to marry Francis
Cunningham.
Elizabeth Fry had known many trials during the two
preceding years, but an acute sorrow, and one unlike any
which she had hitherto experienced, now awaited her.  The
death of her little Elizabeth, the seventh child.  She was
lovely, and of much promise; with her mother's name she
possessed much of her nature, and more of her general
appearance, effect, and manner, than any of her other
children.
Plashet, Eleventh YMonth.-It has pleased Almighty and
Infinite Wisdom, to take from us our most dear and tenderly
beloved child, little B3etsy —between four and five years old.
She was a very precious child, of much wisdom for her years,
and I canl hardly help believing much grace; liable to the
frailty of childhood: at times she would differ with the little
one, and rather loved her own way; but she was very easy to
lead, though not one to be driven.  She had most tender
affections, a good understanding; for her years, a remarkably
staid and solid mind. Her love was very strong, and her
little attentions great to those she loved, and remarkable in
her kindness to servants, poor people; and to all animals.
she had much feeling for them; but what was more, the bent




1815.]      LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                 221
of her mind was remarkably towards serious things. It was
a subject she loved to dwell upon; she would often talk of
"Almighty," and almost every thing that had connection
with Him.  On Third day, the 21st, after some suffering of
body from great sickness, she appeared wonderfully relieved,
and I may say raised in spirit; she began by telling me how
many hymns and stories she knew, with her countenance
greatly animated, a flush on her cheeks, and her eyes very
bright, a smile of inexpressible content, almost joy-I think
she first said with a powerful voice,
" How glorious is our Heavenly King
Who reigns above the sky."
And then expressed how beautiful it was, and how the little
children that die stand before Him, but she did not remember all the words of the hymn, nor could I help her; she then
mentioned other hymns and many sweet things; she spoke
with delight of how she could nurse the little ones and take
care of them, &c., her heart appeared inexpressibly to overflow with love.... In her death, there was abundant
cause for thanksgiving; prayer appeared indeed to be answered, as very little, if any suffering seemed to attend her,
and no struggle at last; but her breath grew more and more
seldom and gentle, till she ceased to breathe. During the
day, being from time to time strengthened in prayer, in heart,
and in word, I found myself only led to ask for her, that she
might be for ever with her God, whether she remained much
longer in time or not, but that if it pleased Infinite Wisdom,
her sufferings might be mitigated, and as far as it was needful for her to suffer, that she might be sustained. This was
marvellously answered beyond anything we could expect.
I desire never to forget this favour, but, if it please Infinite
Wisdom, to be preserved from  repining, or unduly giving
way to lamentation, for losing so sweet, so kind a child.
My loss has touched me in a manner almost inexpressible;
to awake, and find my much and so tenderly beloved little




222         LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.             [1815.
girl so totally fled from my view, so many pleasant pictures
marred. As far as I am concerned, I view it as a separation
from a sweet source of comfort and enjoyment, but surely not
a real evil; abundant comforts are left me, if it please my
kind and Heavenly Father to give me power to enjoy them,
and continually in heart to return Him thanks, on account
of His unutterable loving-kindness to my tenderly beloved
little one, who had so sweet and easy a life, and so tranquil
a death; and that, in her young and tender years, her heart
had been animated with love and desires after Himself, and
also that, for our sakes, she should so often have expressed it
in her childish, innocent way.
Extract from a letter of Richenda Gurney's, to her sister
Rachel at Rome, dated'" Plashet, November 26th " —
" I never witnessed stronger faith, more submission, more
evidences of the power of grace, in. any one, than in our beloved sister at that time; I felt it a mercy to be a humble
sharer in the rich portion granted her in that hour of need;
never was I more impressed with the blessedness, which is
experienced by those who have served the Lord Jesus, who
have preferred Him above all things, who have been willing
to take up their daily cross to follow Him.  Ite is not a hard
Master; He never leaves nor forsakes His own, and will
show himself strong, in behalf of those whose hearts are perfect towards Him. After a few minutes, we retired with our
dear sister into the next room.  She was desirous that children and servants, (especially the nurses,) and all her friends
who had been present, should come to her; when thus surrounded, as she lay upon the sofa, she poured out her heart
in thanksgiving and prayer, in a manner deeply affecting
and edifying; for myself, I felt it highly valuable, and would
not but have been there for a great deal.  Whilst memory
lasts, I think and hope I never shall forget the scene, or the
impression it made."




1815.]     LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                223
Plashet, _Eleventh Mlonth, 27th. —Man is not to live by
bread alone, but by every word of God. It appears now my
case, in my deep sorrow.; I am not, indeed, to live by bread
alone, but to be nourished, and kept alive by that inward,
powerful word, that cometh from God, and by every word
being renewed in the needful time; I feel no other sure
source of consolation. Abundant mercy has indeed been
shown me; my weaknesses met, and my prayers answered,
even about smaller things. Although it pleases my Heavenly
Father thus to chastise me, yet I am permitted to feel that
He doth love those whomn he chasteneth.  I feel His love
very near, and, like a tender parent, that may see right to
inflict the rod, rather, perhaps, than spoil the child; yet the
same hand administers the salve to the wound, and cherishes
the more tenderly after it; and makes manifest to His poor
child, that, although a deep wound, it is in mercy, and to the
unspeakable gain of one most tenderly beloved, having taken
her from the conflicts of time, and (I humbly trust) permitted
her an entrance into the enduring joys of eternity; and that,
through the blood and power of her Redeemer, she has been
washed and made clean. Though, from her tender years,
and good and innocent spirit, we believed her remarkably
ready, still I saw and felt need of a Saviour, even for such a
little child; for, of course, she had some childish transgressions, or little deviations, but I believe that they were all
washed away, and that indeed reconciliation was obtained,
as far as there ever had been any separation.  So I cannot
help hoping that she was ripe for glory.
Plashet, Twelfth Month, 1st.-I have been enabled in
measure to arise and attend to the business of life, but a cloud
appeared to rest over me, in remembrance of what we have
lost; but, when enabled to view her with her Heavenly
Father, and out of the reach of all harm, then I can go more
cheerfully on my way, and enjoy my remaining blessings;
particularly my children; though every thing of the earth
has been made, I think, increasingly to shake, in my view.




224         LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.             [1815
3But I desire that this feeling my increase in my mind, she
cannot return to me, but I may go to her.  AhM  may I not
savy, how hast Thou helped her that is without power 1 Ilow
savest Thou the arm that has no strength! May I be more
willing to be faithful in the gift at all times, in all places, in
weakness and in strength.
Plashet, 2nd. —I am brought into some conflict this morning, respecting my attending the Dorsetshire Quarterly
Meeting.  I had looked to it before the illness of our dear
lamb, and not feeling clear of it, and yet not much light
shining upon it, my poor soul is tried within me; for under
my present circumstances, I appear much to want the help of
faith, to leave my other sweet lambs; but ought I not rather
to feel renewed stimulus, seeing how short time is, to do what
comes to hand, and after all that I have experienced, should
I not rather trust than be afraid, for was the hand of Providence ever more marked, even as it related to outward things?
I believe I am fully resigned to go, if it be the Lord's will:
for I do believe, for all my many and great infirmities, my
flinching nature, my want of faith and patience, yet it remains
my first desire, to do or to suffer, according to the Divine
will. If consistent with Thy holy will, dearest Lord, if I
ought to go, be pleased to throw a little light upon the subject,
and if not somehow make it manifest; and if Thou shouldst
think fit to call Thy poor child into Thy service, be pleased
to be with her in it, and bless her labours of love, where her
lot may be cast, that others may be made sensible how good
a God Thou art, how great is Thy tender mercy and lovingkindness, and that these may be encouraged yet to serve
Thee more, with the whole heart; also be pleased, dearest
Lord, if Thou shouldst order it that I go, to keep my beloved
husband, children, and household in my absence, that no
harm may come to them spiritually, or bodily. Thou hast,
in abundant mercy, regarded the weak estate, and infirm
condition of Thy handmaid, and hitherto answered her cry,
and even met her in her weakness; that, if not asking in her




1815.]     LIFE OF ELIZABETH FRY.                   225
own will, she could supplicate Thee, that their poor bodies
as well as their souls, may be preserved from (much) harm in
her absence; but, dearest Lord, let me not go, if my right
place be at home; but if Thou callest me out, be pleased to
grant a little faith, and a little strength, that I may go forth
in Thy power, trusting in Thee, as it relates to them, as well
as to myself.  Be pleased also, if I be called from home at
such a time, not to let it try or weaken the faith of others;
but rather may it tend to confirm and strengthen it.
Plashet, 11th. —Truly I went forth weeping; and my
sweet Louisa being poorly, much increased my anxiety;
and it's difficult to say the fears and doubts that crept in, on
my way to Shaftesbury, though, through mercy, the enemy's
power appeared limited, and my fears gained no dominion
over me, but they were soon quieted, and I had mostly quiet,
comfortable nights, though it was wading through deep
waters, and in great weakness; yet help was, from season to
season, administered.
Plashet, 14th.-It is the opinion of medical men that the
scarlet fever, in a mild form, is the complaint in the house;
it is most probable that it will appear again amongst us, but
that I desire to leave.  They also think our dear Rachel has
a very serious hip complaint, but this I also feel disposed not
to be very anxious about.  With regard to my tenderly
beloved little Betsy, she is in my most near and affectionate
remembrance, by night, and by day; when I feel her loss,
and view her little (to me) beautiful body in Barking buryingground, my heart is pained within me; but when, with the
eye of faith, I can view her in an everlasting resting-place in
Christ Jesus, where indeed no evil can come nigh her dwelling, then I can rest even with sweet consolation; and I do
truly desire that when her loss is so present with me, as it is
at times, that I cannot help my natural spirits being much
overwhelmed, that I may be preserved from anything like
repining, or undue sorrow, or in any degree depreciating the
many blessings continued; particularly so many sweet, dear
29




226         LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.             [1816.
children being left us; for through all, I feel receiving them
a blessing, having their life preserved a blessing, and in
the sweet lamb who is taken, I have felt a blessing in her
being taken away; such an evidence of faith has been
granted that it is in mercy, and at the time such a feeling
of joy on her account. It is now softened down into a very
tender sorrow, the remembrance of her is inexpressibly
sweet, and I trust that the whole event has done me good,
as I peculiarly feel it an encouragement to suffer whatever
is appointed me; that being (if it may ever be my blessed
allotment) made perfect through suffering, I may be prepared to join the purified spirits of those that are gone before me; and having felt so very deeply, I am almost
ready to think has a little prepared my neck for the yoke
of suffering.
Plashet, First Jkonth7, 1lth,, 1816.-The turning a new
year I felt very much, more particularly the change in the
last, in our beloved Betsy being taken from us. I little expected, so soon upon entering this, to have one, so deeply
beloved as my brother Samuel so seriously ill; I have,
from his early years, prayed for him, and interceded, with
strong intercession of spirit, that he might not be hurt by
evil.  I hardly knew how to give him up, and my soul has
craved, that if right, he may live, to continue to be a blessing to his family, an ornament to the Church, and to show
forth the praise of his Great Lord and Master.
Plashet, Th7ird Mont]h, 10th.-I returned home, after being at Stamford Hill for change of air; but my cough, &c.,
&c., continue very poorly, but through abundant mercy, a
calm, and not unfrequently a cheerful spirit, is my portion;
though I do not feel dwelling so evidently near the fountain
and source of all good, as I desire; at least, fears arise for
myself; though it appears due to acknowledge, that the
fountain and source of all good dwells near me, so that some
things which would, at times, have ruffled and troubled me
a good deal, have passed quietly, nay, comfortably by; as




1816.]    LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                   227
if, in this time of weakness of body, I was shielded, in degree, from the storms.  My views of these trials continue
at times to be rather unusually calmed, at least not often so
dreadful as at some former periods.  I feel, although I expect to get through my approaching confinement, my life
more concerned in my present lung complaint, than it often
has been in more painful and trying attacks; but at present,
unworthy as I am, this does not excite uneasiness, though
perhaps it might, if I believed it more serious than I do;
but at times I have that hope in my Redeemer, not in myself, but in Him who has already visited and cared for me,
in Him whom my soul has loved, and at seasons rejoiced in,
in Him to whom, in weakness, I have sought to prove my
love, by serving him through His own help, that I am ready
to believe, nay to trust, that H-le will be with me to the end;
that Hie will not leave, nor forsake his unworthy one, that
He will yet sustain her, in doing, and in suffering, as far as
HIe may be pleased to call into either; that after carrying
her through all the remaining conflicts of time; THe will
even continue to be with her to all eternity; and where He
lives and reigns, there she expects to find everlasting rest
and peace. Thou hast, gracious Lord, been a merciful God
to me; granted me help and strength, in the name of Thy beloved Son: Thou hast visited and anointed my unworthy soul.
Plashet, Fourth MJontht, 3rd.-Since writing the last journal, much feeling of illness and lowness of spirits have been
my portion; but how much do I desire quietness and patience, in this straitened place, where the waves and billows are in measure permitted to pass over my head. It is
indeed like a cloud resting over the tabernacle, so that I cannot perceive clearly the comforts and blessings that surround
me. I felt a little ray of comfort this morning, in these
words, "My King and my God," for however tried, however
afflicted, however clouded, we may be, in this there is indeed hope and consolation, (if it please Almighty lovingkindness to permit us to see it,) even to feel that the Most




228        LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.    [1816
High is our King and God; that he hath in abundant mercy
manifested Himself to be so, and that now and then, through
the help of our Redeemer, we have been enabled to prove that
we have sought to serve Him,'and desired that He alone should
be our King and our God. Dearest, kindest Lord! Thou, who
hast regarded me, and dispersed: many clouds for me, be
pleased yet to regard me, whatever be my state; however
low I may be brought before Thee; and, in Thine own time,
disperse my clouds, let the sun arise, as with clear shining
after rain; and, if consistent with Thy Holy Will, let not
fear or irritability gain dominion over me; but be. Thou my
King, and my God, from season to season, scattering all mine
enemies before my face, that they overcome me not; and, if
consistent with Thy Holy Will, permit no conflict, either
before, at, or after my confinement, really to overcome body,
soul, or spirit; but as my day is, so may my strength be.
I believe my present indisposition may be increased by my
long confinement to two rooms for my cough, now nearly a
month; and not a little from sorrow and distress.  I have
known much this winter; the loss of my lovely child-the
frequent illnesses in the house amongst the family-loss of
property-my own long cough; yet I know hardly any trial,
except indeed real evil, that appears so greatly to undermine
comfort outwardly and inwardly, as a nervous state of body
and mind; it calls for watchfulness on the part of those who
have it, not unduly to give way to it; though I believe few
things are really less in our power.
15th. — I was favoured to feel much relieved and comforted
yesterday, in pouring forth my soul in supplication, before
my family after dinner; a sweet calm followed, help appearing to be very near. After all other remedies fail, what a
stronghold is prayer; how have my poor soul and body been
helped in answer to my supplications, more particularly those
called for before others; it is, I think, a very striking evidence that such sacrifices are acceptable in the Divine sight,
and called for at His hand, even in publicly committing




1816.]     LIFE OF ELIZABETH FRY.                 229
ourselves to Him.  Oh, that I were not so fa.ithless, but
more believing; then I think fear never would take the place
it does; yet this is my infirmity, perhaps permitted for my
good, that I may more and more know what I am, and what
the P'ower is, that we alone desire to rest upon us.
Her tenth child was born on the 18th of Fourth month.
_Fourth MJonth, 27th.-Thanks, I may say, be unto my
God, who has proved Himself an all-sufficient Helper. A
heavy cloud passed over-but fears now arise for my spiritual
preservation; and my desire is great, in word and in deed, to
be enabled to testify of the gracious goodness of my Holy
Helper.  Family cares also come upon me, which my great
weakness hardly knows how to encounter. The remembrance
of my little Betsy has been very present with me, by night
and by day. Be Thou pleased, 0 Lord God Almighty! yet
to look down upon us, and bless us; and if Thou seest meet,
to bless our loved infant, to visit it by Thy grace, and Thy
love; that it may be Thine in time, and Thine to all eternity:
we desire to thank Thee for the precious gift. I have also
had a fresh trial in the dangerous illness of my beloved
brother, Daniel, since his return from the Continent.
In the Sixth Month, her children went to Pakefield, for
the benefit of sea air, where they were under the care of
their aunt Cunningham. Their parents followed them, and
for a short period remained with them. It was a new position for her to be the guest of an active, devoted clergyman,
and that clergyman her brother-in-law. She remained some
weeks in Norfolk, and at last returned without her four elder
children. Joseph and Elizabeth Fry had determined upon
passing the ensuing winter in London, a situation in many
respects so disadvantageous for her daughters, that she left
them with her beloved relatives. She deeply felt their being
thrown among those who were not Friends, but the advantages of the wise care and oversight of her sister Rachel




230        LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.    [1816.
Gurney, and the privilege of associating with the brother
who invited them to be his guests, overcame her objections.
Her boys remained at EaHlham till near the close of the
year, when their parents had arranged to send them to
school; her two children, the next in age, became inmates
with their uncle and aunt, Samuel and Elizabeth Gurney,
and joined the school-room party at 1Ham House.
Earlhamn, Sixth Month, 27th. —Mu-ch has passed since
writing the above,-dear John Hull's death, a matter of real
importance to me,-the children all gone to the sea-side,
except the baby-but home was sweet to me, though much
hurried by business there.  We attended Barking Meeting,
to visit the grave of our beloved little Betsy: it brought many
tears, but I afresh remembered she was not there, but is
indeed utterly gone from this transitory scene. I often pant
after a resting-place with her-may it in due season be granted
me, but I also, at present, feel strongly tied and attached to
life, and have much to endear it to me.
Seventh. Jonth, 4th.-I have been at Pakefield with my
beloved brother and sister; my soul has travailed much in the
deeps, on many accounts; more particularly while with them,
that in keeping to our scruples respecting prayer, &c., &c.,
the right thing might be hurt in no mind. Words fall very
short of expression, of how much my spirit is overwhelmed
within me for us all: our situation is very peculiar, surrounded
as we are with those of various sentiments, and yet, I humbly
trust, each seeking the right way; to have a clergyman for
a brother, is very different to having one for a friend; a much
closer tie, and a still stronger call, for the sake of preserving
sweet unity of spirit, to meet him as far as we can, to offend
as little as possible by our scruples, and yet, for the sake
of others, as well as ourselves, faithfully to maintain our
ground, and to keep very close to that which can alone direct
aright.




1816.]    LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                   231
This letter to her two eldest daughters, IKatherine and
Rachel, was written after her almost solitary return to
Plashet.
Plashet, Ninth.alont7l, 1816, Evening.
My dearest Girls,
After drinking tea alone in your father's little dressingroom, and taking a solitary walk, and sitting in the rustic
portico at the end of the green walk, I am come to write to
you, as I cannot have your company. Only think! this
evening I have neither husband nor child to speak to, little
Hannah being gone to tea at the Cottage.  I found it even
pleasant to go and stand by poor old Isaac and the horse,
and the cows and sheep in the field, that I might see some
living thing to enliven poor Plashet. The grounds look
sweetly, but the cherry tree by the dining-room window is
cut down, which I think quite a loss. The poor little school
children, when I see them, look very smiling at me, and I
suppose fancy they will soon see you home. Poor Jones's
little boy is still living; such an object of skin and bone
I have hardly ever seen.  I fear she is greatly distressed.
Our house looks charmingly, as far as I think a house canso clean, neat and lively-but it wants its inhabitants very
much.
Your most nearly attached mother,
E. F.
Early in the Twelfth Month, Elizabeth Fry went into Norfolk, in consequence of heavy affliction befalling the family
of her uncle Joseph Gurney, in the death of Joseph, his only
surviving son. She staid at Earlham, where her two eldest
boys, under the care of their aunts, were pursuing their
education.  She then visited her brother Daniel Gurney at
North Runcton, with whom her daughters were residing.
Whilst conscious of the literary advantages enjoyed by her
children, she feared the probable effect of their circumstances, and of the influences to which they were subjected.




232         LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.              [1817.
Mildred's Court, Twelfth Jlfonth, 13th.-I returned yesterday from attending poor dear Joseph's funeral at Norwich,
the son of my uncle Joseph Gurney.  I have gone through
a good deal, what with mourning with the mourners, the
ministry, &c., &c. I think I was, in this respect, at the funeral, helped by the Spirit and the Power that we cannot
command; though I left Earlham with a burdened mind,
not having any, apparently, suitable opportunity for relief,
hurrying away, to my feelings prematurely, of which I find
even the remembrance painful; my sweet dear girls and
boys I much feel again leaving, seeing their critical age and
state. What I feel for the children I cannot describe. Oh!
may they be sheltered under the great Almighty wing, so as
not to go greatly astray.
First lont/h, 1st, 1817, Evening. —This has been rather a
favoured day, the commencement of another year,-so far
sweet and easy, and enabled to commend us and ours to the
best keeping, which brought consolation and comfort with it.
Afterwards, a very comfortable MIeeting at Gracechurchstreet; indeed it is like being at home returning there, and
I cannot but hope that I am here in my right place.
Second Jonth, 13th.-I yesterday left my dear, st boys,
John and Willy, at Josiah Forster's school; it ha been a
very important step to take, but I trust it is a right one, as
we could not comfortably see any other opening for them.
I was enabled to commend them in supplication to the Lord
for His blessing and providential care. It is, indeed, a
very serious thing to me, thus permitting them to enter the
world and its temptations, for so I feel it; it caused me
great lowness at first, but afterwards, having committed
them to the best keeping, my soul was much comforted and
refreshed, and much enlarged in love towards them, as well
as the kind friends whose house I was at.  Oh may it please
Almighty Wisdom to bless the boys, and keep them by His
own preserving power from any great sin, and may He
pardon the follies of their youth!




1817.]      LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                 233
She wrote, and gave to each of these sons, some " Rules
for their strict observance while at school," from  which the
following excellent precepts are selected:"' I advise thy faithfully maintaining thy principles, and
doing thy duty; I would have thee be very careful of either
judging or reproving others; for it takes a long time to get
the beam out of our own eye, before we can see clearly to
take the mote out of our brother's eye.  There is, for one
young in years, much greater safety in preaching to others
by example than in word; or doing what is done in an upright, manly spirit, unto the Lord, and not unto man. I
have observed a want of strict integrity in school-boys, as it
respects their schoolmasters and teachers, a disposition to
cheat them, to do that behind their backs which they would
not do before their faces; and so having two faces. Now
this is a subject of the utmost importance —maintain truth
and strict integrity upon all points.  Be not double-minded in any degree, but faithfully maintain, not only the upright principle on religious grounds, but also the brightest
honour according even to the maxims of the world."
Three years had now elapsed since Elizabeth Fry first visited Newgate; but her spirit had, from  time to time, been
led into deep and solemn feeling on account of the degraded
inmates of that prison: and a conviction became gradually impressed on her mind that she was required by Him,
to whose service she had been enabled to dedicate herself,
as an unquenched coal on His sacred altar, to labour, as He
might see meet to open her way and to direct her steps, for
the moral reformation, and above all, for the spiritual conversion and help, of the most depraved and miserable of
her sex. Nothing but the constraining love of Christ, could
hIave induced this tender and delicate woman thus to surrender
domestic comfort and personal ease, and even to risk her
own reputation, to follow what she believed to be the cali
of her Divine M[aster, leading her into  labours most
arduous and  painful, from  which  her nature  recoiled




234         LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.               [1817.
with  dread.  Yet was the  unction  of  holy  love so
abundantly  poured  out upon  her spirit, that she wib
lingly yielded to the appointment of that compassionate
Saviour, who, through her instrumentality, was thus graciously extending ttis hand of mercy, in order to rescue
from the pit of destruction, those who were sunk in vice and
wretchedness.
The course, which was henceforth to be marked out for
Elizabeth Fry, was a very remarkable and peculiar one, little
anticipated either by herself, or by others; but it was eminently blessed to the arousing of many from the sleep of sin,
to the encouraging and strengthening of fellow-disciples of
the same Lord, and to the exaltation of His holy name.
MJildred's Court, Second JMonth, 24th.-I have lately been
much occupied in forming a school in Newgate, for the
children of the poor prisoners, as well as the young criminals,
which has brought much peace and satisfaction with it; but
my mind has also been deeply affected, in attending a poor
woman who was executed this morning. I visited her twice;
this event has brought me into much feeling, attended by
some distressingly nervous sensations in the night, so that
this has been a time of deep humiliation to me, thus witnessing the effect and consequences of sin. This poor
creature murdered her baby; and how inexpressibly awful
now to have her life taken away!  The whole affair has been
truly afflicting to me; to see what poor mortals may be driven
to, through sin and transgression, and how hard the heart
becomes, even to the most tender affections.  How should
we watch and pray, that we fall not by little and little,
become hardened, and commit greater sins.  I had to pray
for these poor sinners this morning, and also for the preservation of our household from the evil there is in the world.
Extract from a letter to her sister Rachel Gurney:
Mildred's Court, Third AIfonthl, 10th and 11th.
My heart, and mind, and time, are very much engaged in
various ways.  Newgate is a principal object, and I think




1817.]      LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                235
until I make some attempt at amendment in the plans for the
women, I shall not feel easy; but if such efforts should prove
unsuccessful, I think that I should then have tried to do my
part, and be easy. My own Monthly Meeting, though absent
from it, is rather a weight, and Gracechurch-street I am also
much interested about. I have gone, besides, to only one
London Meeting, all the time that I have been here.  The
poor occupy me little more than at the door-as I cannot go
after them with my other engagements; the hanging at
Newgate does not overcome me as it did at first, and I have
only attended one woman since the first.  I see and feel the
necessity of caution in this respect, and mean to be on my
guard about it, and run no undue risk with myself.
I have felt, in thy taking care of my dearest girls, that thou
art helping me to get on with some of these important objects,
that I could not well have attended to, if I had had all my
dear flock around me.
From the notice before inserted, of the visit paid to the
prisoners in Newgate, by Elizabeth Fry and Anna Buxton in
1813, the reader will be prepared for a report of the disgraceful state in which many of the prisons of the British empire
were found, thirty years ago.  We naturally seek to account
for the continuance of so crying an evil.
That the sceptical philosophy which prevailed towards the
end of the last century, was unfavourable to questions of
moral and religious reform, we cannot doubt.  Whether the
startling events of the French Revolution-the tremendous
wars that followed it-the rise and fall -of empires-had so
engrossed the attention and drained the resources of the
English nation, that improvement at home was neglected; or
whether looking to a still deeper source, it may be attributed
to that tendency to degenerate, inherent in all human institutions, the fact is indisputable. Howard, and his humane
exertions, appear to have been forgotten, and Acts of Parliament to have become a dead letter; some, if. not all the




236         LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.              [1817.
provisions of those acts, being, in the vast majority of gaols,
openly violated.  For Counties as well as Boroughs, an old
gate-house, or the ancient feudal castle, with its dungeons,
its damp, close and narrow cells, and its windows overlooking
the street, often formed the common prison of offenders of
either sex, and of all grades of crime. The danger of escape
was provided against, by,heavy irons and fetters. Dirt and
disease abounded:. and even where the building contained
wards and yards, the women were imperfectly separated from
the men, whilst idleness, gambling, drinking, and swearing,
were habitual amongst them.  These evils were magnified by
the crowded state of the prisons; for crime had enormously
increased, and convictions more than doubled within the
ten preceding years.  Of the prisons for the counties, those
of Bury, Ilchester, Gloucester, with a few others, formed
honourable exceptions to the general rule; and in the
MJetropolis, the Penitentiary at Millbank, which had been
recently erected.
The moral contamination produced by the disorderly state
of prisons, was beginning to be perceived, and the necessity
for stricter discipline and better regulations, to be acknnowledged.
In the United States of America, and in a few instances on
the continent of Europe, the experiment had been tried, and
with such success as to establish the principle, that classification, employment, and instruction tended to the reformation
of the criminal, and to the decrease of crime.  A deputation
of the Gaol Committee of the Corporation of London, was
appointed in 1815, to visit several gaols in England, especially
that of Gloucester, with a view to the amelioration of those
under their own jurisdiction.  From  this resulted some
improvements in Neewgate.  The women, from  that time
occupied  the whole of the quadrangle, now  called the
w-omen's side;" including what were formerly the state
apartments: mats were provided for them to sleep on. Double
gratings, with a space between, were placed to prevent close




1817.]      LIFE OF ELIZABETH  PRY.                  237
communication with their visitors, who were of both -sexes,
and many of them as vile and as desperate as themselves;
but to overcome the difficulty thus presented, in receiving
the contributions of those whose curiosity brought them to
the spot, wooden spoons fastened to long sticks were contrived by the prisoners, and thrust across the intervening
space.  Notwithstanding these improvements, they remained
in an unchecked condition of idleness, riot, and vice of
every description.  They were of the lowest sort-the very
scum both of the town and country-filthy in their persons,
disgusting in their habits, and ignorant, not only of religious
truth, but of the most familiar duties of common life.
At the suggestion of her brother-in-law, the late Samuel
H-Ioare, Elizabeth Fry had, in the interval between 1813 and
1816, accompanied him  on a visit to the women in ColdBath-Fields House of Correction, whose neglected state had
much impressed him. S. Hoare, with another of her brothersin-law, (the late Sir T. F. Buxton,) and some of her personal
friends, were, at this time, occupied in forming a society for
the reformation of the juvenile depredators, who infested
London, in gangs. This object led them into different prisons,
where their attention was soon attracted to the subject of
prison discipline.  lthough not orijginating in this cause,it
may be presumed, that thex onyversatio. and..   influence of
these gentlemen would tend to keep alive in the. mindaf
Elizabeth Fi, the interest, awakened in 1818f3,f or the female
prisoners in Newgate. As in that instance, so at this time,
her journal fails to convey any explicit information respecting her visits there.  We are indebted to other sources for
the fact, that they were recommenced about the close of the
year 1816.
On her second visit, she was at her own request, left alone
amolngst the me~eforocmQhours, antJ.onti. toccasion,
sh-er;tad to them  the parable of- the- Lord of the vineyard,
inthe 20th chapter of Ma.tthew, and made- a few observations on the eleventh hour, and on Christ having come to




238        LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FIY.             [1817.
save sinners, even those who might be said" to have wasted
the greater part of their lives estranged from Him.  Some
asked who Christ was; others feared that their day of salvation was passed.
Their children, who were almost naked, were pining for
want of proper food, air, and exercise. Elizabeth Fry, on
this occasion, particularly addressed herself to the mothers,
and pointed out to them the grievous consequences to their
children, of living in such a scene of depravity; she proposed to establish a school for them, to which they acceded
with tears of joy.  She desired them to consider the plan,
for without their steady co-operation, she would not undertake it; leaving it to them to select a governess from amongst
themselves.  On her next visit, they had chosen as schoolmistress, a young woman, named Maary Connor, recently committed for stealing a watch. She proved eminently qualified
for the task, and became one of the first-fruits of Christian
labour in that place; she was assiduous in her duties, and
was never known to infringe one of the rules. A free pardon
was granted her about fifteen months afterwards; but it
proved an unavailing gift, for a cough, which had attacked
her a short time before, ended in consumption.  She displayed, during her illness, much patience and quietness of
spirit; having, as she humbly believed, obtained pardon and
peace, through our Lord and Saviour. She died in the hope
of a blessed immortality.
Elizabeth Fry's views were received with cordial approbation, by the Sheriffs of London, the Ordinary, and the
Governor of Newgate; although they looked upon the experiment as almost hopeless. An unoccupied cell was, by their
permission, appropriated for the school-room.  On the day
following this arrangement, she went to the prison accompanied by her friend, Mary Sanderson, (afterwards the wife
of Sylvanus Fox,) and (with the poor prisoner Mary Connor,
as mistress,) opened the school, for the children and young
persons under twenty-five years of age; but from the small




1817.]     LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                239
size of the room, they had the pain of being obliged to
refuse admission to many of the women, who earnestly entreated to be allowed to share in their instructions. Mary
Sanderson then visited a prison for the first time, and her
feelings were thus described by herself to Sir T. F. Buxton:"The railing was crowded with half-naked women, struggling together for the front situations, with the most boisterous
violence, and begging with the utmost vociferation. She felt
as if she were going into a den of wild beasts, and she well
recollects quite shuddering when the door closed upon her,
and she was locked in with such a herd of novel and desperate
companions."
Something similar must have been the effect on that faithful co-adjutor in this work, Elizabeth Pryor, at rather a later
period, upon seeing the women, "squalid in attire, and
ferocious in countenance, seated about the yard." From the
prison door one issued, "yelling like a wild beast;" she
rushed round the area, with her arm extended, tearing
everything of the nature of a cap from the heads of the
other women. The sequel too is important: for this very
woman, through the grace and mercy of God, became humanized under the instruction of these Christian visitors.
After having obtained her liberty, she married; and for
years came occasionally to see Elizabeth Pryor, who considered her a well-conducted person, her appearance being
always most respectable.
A few other ladies gradually united themselves to those
already engaged in the work, and the little school in the cell
of Newgate continued, for many weeks, their daily occupation.
"It was in our visits to the school, where some of us attended almost every day, that we were witnesses to the
dreadful proceedings that went forward, on the female side




240        LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.               [1817.
of the prison; the begging, swearing, gaming, fighting, singing, dancing, dressing-up in men's clothes; scenes too bad
to be described, so that we did not think it suitable to admit
young persons with us."*
The visitors thought some of the existing evils could be
remedied by proper regulations; but in the commencement
of the undertaking, the reformation of the women, sunk as
they were in every species of depravity, was scarcely thought
of, much less anticipated. By degrees, however, the heroic
little band became convinced that good might be effected,
even amongst these, for intercourse with the prisoners had
inspired them  with confidence.  The poor women were
earnest in their entreaties, not to be excluded from the
benefits, which they began to perceive would result to
themselves, from improved habits.  But whilst Elizabeth
Fry and her fellow-labourers were thus encouraged on the
one side, every sort of discouragement presented itself on
the other.  The officers of the prison, as well as the private
friends of the visitors, treated the idea of introducing industry
and order into Newgate, as visionary. Even some, who were
most interested in the attempt, apprehended that it would
fail, from the character of those for whose good it was intended, from  the unfavourable locality, in the midst of a
great metropolis; and from the difficulty of obtaining a
sufficiency of labourers for such a work.  It was also urged
that, even if employment could be procured, the necessary
materials for work would be destroyed, or stolen.  In recalling this period, one of those engaged in it, thus writes:
"] But amidst these discouraging views, our benevolent friend
evinced that her heart was fixed; and trusting in the Lord,
she commenced her work of faith and labour of love."
hIow aptly did the poet Crabbe, in reference to this undertaking, describe Elizabeth Frye Elizabeth Fry's evidence before the House of Commons.




1817.]      LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                    241
One, I beheld! a wife, a mother, go
To gloomy scenes of wickedness and woe;
She sought her way through all things vile and base
And made a prison a religious place:
Fighting her way —the way that angels fight
With powers of darkness-to let in the light.
Yet she is tender, delicate and nice,
And shrinks from all depravity and vice;
Shrinks from the ruffian gaze, the savage gloom,
That reign where guilt and misery find a home:
Guilt chained, and misery purchased, and with them
All we abhor, abominate, condemnThe look of scorn, the scowl, th' insulting leer
Of shame, all fixed on her who ventures here:
Yet all she braved; she kept her steadfast eye
On the dear cause, and brushed the baseness by,So would a mother press her darling child
Close to her breast, with tainted rags defiled.
M!ildred's Court, Third Month, 7th. —5My mind and time
have been much taken up with Newgate and its concerns.
I have been encouraged about our school, but I find my
weak nature and proneness to be so much affected by the
opinions of man, brings me into some peculiar trials and
temptations: in the first place, our Newgate visiting could
no longer be kept secret, which I endeavoured that it should
be, and therefore I am exposed to praise that I do not the
least deserve.; also to some unpleasant humiliations-for in
trying to obtain helpers, I must be subject to their various
opinions; and also, being obliged to confer at times with
strangers, and men in authority, is to me a very unpleasant
necessity.  I have suffered much about the hanging of the
criminals, having had to visit another poor woman, before
her death; this again tried me a good deal, but I was permitted to be much more upheld, and not so distressed as the
time before. May I, in this important concern, be enabled
to keep my eye singly unto the Lord, that what I do may be
done heartily unto Him, and not, in any degree, unto man.
Masy I be preserved humble, faithful, and persevering in it,
81




242        LIFE OF ELIZABET H FRY.               [1817.
so far as it is right to persevere. And if consistent with the
Divine will, may the blessing of the Most High attend it,
that it may be made instrumental in drawing some out of
evil, and leadin and establishing them in the way everlasting, where they wm _ alxa    d~nei n  p6A e...
The recurrence of these distressing scenes impressed on
the mind of Elizabeth Fry an increasing disapprobation of
the dreadful penalty of death.  She often visited the cells of
condemned criminals on the day or night preceding their
execution; she marked the agony of some, and the obduracy
of others, and she traced the hardening effect of such punishments on the fellow-prisoners of the sufferers, as well as on
the lower orders of the public in general.
With what self-sacrificing love, with what yearnings of
Divine compassion, did she encounter circumstances of the
most appalling character, yielding her spirit in willing sympathy with the utmost depths of human misery, ministering
to the wretched victims of sin a word of hope, pointing to
the door of mercy, opened through Jesus Christ to every
truly penitent soul. Awfully impressive were the opportunities when, in the gloomy dungeon of the condemned
criminal, her prayers were poured forth in fervent solicitude,
that the power of that Almighty Saviour, who "' was manifested
that He might destroy the works of the Devil," might snatch
even these brands from the burning, and impart ability to
look upward from the gulf of despair to the Deliverer, who
"is exalted at the right hand of God, to give repentance and
remission of sins."
The woman alluded to in the last extract from the journal,
was Elizabeth Fricker; she was executed for robbing, or
being accessory to robbing, in a dwelling-house.  The following memorandum was written by Elizabeth Fry, Third
Month, 4th, 1817, the day preceding the execution.
I have just returned from  a most melancholy visit to
Newgate, where I have been at the request of Elizabeth




18178]     LIFE OF ELIZABETH FRY.                 243
Fricker, previous.to her execution to-morrow morning, at
eight o'clock.  I found her much hurried, distressed, and
tormented in mind.  eI-Ir hands cold, and covered with
something like the perspiration preceding death, and in an
universal tremour.  The women who were with her, said she
had been so outrageous before our going, that they thought
a man must be sent for to manage her.  However, after a
serious time with her, her troubled soul became calmed. But
is it for man thus to take the prerogative of the Almighty into
his own hands? Is it not his place rather to endeavour to
reform such; or restrain them from the commission of further
evil? At least to afford poor, erring, fellow-mortals, whatever
may be their offences, an opportunity of proving their repentance, by amendment of life. Besides this poor young woman,
there are also six men to be hanged, one of whom has a wife
near her confinement, also condemned, and seven young
children.  Since the awful report came down, he has become
quite mad from horror of mind. A strait waistcoat could not
keep him within bounds-he had just bitten the turnkey; I
saw the man come out with his hand bleeding, as I passed
the cell. I hear that another, who had been tolerably
educated and brought up; was doing all he could to harden
himself, through unbelief, trying to convince himself that
religious truths were idle tales.  In this endeavour, he
appeared to have been too successful with several of his
fellow-sufferers.  He sent to beg for a bottle of wine, no
doubt in the hope of drowning his misery, and the fears that
would arise, by a degree of intoxication.  I inquired no
further, I had seen and heard enough.
In a published letter, by "the Honourable H. G. Bennett," addressed to the Common Council and Livery of
London, on the abuses existing in Newgate, he says, in aliusion to Fricker's case:-' A man, by the name of Kelly, who was executed sonle
weeks back for robbing a house, counteracted by his conversa



244        LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.              [1817.
tion, and by the jest he made of all religious feelings, the
labour of Dr. Cotton to produce repentance and remorse
amongst the prisoners in the cells; and he died as he lived,
hardened and unrepenting.  Hle sent to me the day before
his execution; and when I saw him, he maintained the
innocence of the woman convicted with him, asserting, that
not Fricker, but a boy concealed, opened the door, and let
him into the house. When I pressed him to tell me the name
of the parties concerned, whereby to save the woman's life,
he declined complying without a promise of pardon; I urged
as strongly as I could, the crime of suffering an innocent
woman to be executed to screen criminal accomplices; but it
was all to no effect, and he suffered, maintaining to the last
the same story.  With him was executed a boy of nineteen
or twenty years of age, whose fears and remorse Kelly was
constantly ridiculing."
Mildred's Court, Third Jkionth, 11 th.-My mind too much
tossed by a variety of interests and duties —husband, children,
household, accounts, Meetings, the Church, near relations,
friends, and Newgate-most of these things press a good deal
upon me. I hope I am not undertaking too much, but it is
a little like being in the whirlwind, and in the storm; may I
not be hurt in it, but enabled quietly to perform that which
ought to be done; and may it all be done so heartily unto
the Lord, and through the assistance of His grace, that if
consistent with His Holy will, His blessing may attend it,
and if ever any good be done, that the glory of the whole
work may be given where it is alone due.
19th. —I yesterday applied to our Monthly Meeting for
liberty to join William Forster in paying a religious visit to
the families of Gracechurch-street Meeting; I think I had
reason to be encouraged, from the solemn covering over us,
and also the unity expressed by Friends. I thought it a
great mercy and favour to have the unity of all; but I desire
not to place undue dependence even on this, though it is




-1817.]    LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                  245
sweet, and I esteem it a great blessing to have it. AMy dear
sister Elizabeth was particularly favoured in what she said.
If permitted to enter this service, may the Lord be with us
in it, and bless us. I have not at present, felt much burdened by the prospect; I consider it an honour, favour, and
blessing, to be engaged in the service of our great Master,
even if humiliations, trials, and crosses attend it.
20th —Thou Lord, who knowest my heart and my wants,
be pleased to help me under them; also permit Thy poor
child to ask Thee, yet to look down upon her husband,
children, brothers, and sisters, for good, upon all those most
near and dear to her, and particularly those who are in
trial..,Fourth AMonth, 12th.-I have found, in my late attention
to Newgate, a peace and prosperity in the undertaking, that
I seldom, if ever, remember to have done before.  A way
has very remarkably been opened for us, beyond all expectation, to bring into order the poor prisoners; those who are
in power are so very willing to help us: in short, the time
appears come to work amongst them. Already, from being
like wild beasts, they appear harmless and kind. I am ready
to say, in the fulness of my heart, surely, "it is the Lord's
doing, and marvellous in our eyes;" so many are the providential openings of various kinds. Oh! if good should result,
may the praise and glory of the whole, be entirely given
where it is due, by us, and by all, in deep humiliation and
prostration of spirit.
In the Fourth Month, 1817, the wife of a clergyman, and
eleven members of the Society of Friends, formed themselves
into "An Association for the Improvement of the Female
Prisoners in Newgate."  The object they had in view is
stated to have been, "To provide for the clothing, the instruction, and the employment of the women; to introduce
them to a knowledge of the Holy Scriptures, and to form in
them, as much as possible, those habits of order, sobriety,




246        LIFE  OF ELIZA.BETH  FRY.             [1817.
and industry, which may render them docile and peaceable
whilst in prison, and respectable when they leave it."  On
comparing these intentions with the existing state of things.
it is easy to believe that the scheme was viewed, by those
in authority, as very desirable, but almost impracticable.
Still, to their honour be it spoken, they promised and gave
their warmest co-operation.
The concurrence of the sheriffs and city magistrates was
asked and obtained.  But the doubt still remained, how far
the women would submit to the restraints, which it would be
needful to impose upon them, in order to effect this change.
To ascertain this, the sheriffs met the members of this
1 Association" on a First-day afternoon at Newgate; the
women were assembled, and in their presence, as well as that
of the ordinary and governor, they were asked by Elizabeth
Fry, whether they were willing to abide by the rules, which
it would be indispensable to establish amongst them, for the:eccomplishment of the object so much desired by them all.
The women, fully and unanimously, assured her of their
determination to obey them strictly.  The sheriffs also addressed them, giving the plan the countenance of their approbation; and then turning to Elizabeth Fry and her companions, one of them said, "Well, ladies, you see your materials."
How they used these "materials," and the blessing permitted to attend their exertions, is demonstrated by a letter
received in 1820, from one of the prisoners, who had shared
in the benefit of this earliest attempt to reform these unhappy
women.  The writer, as will be perceived, had been sent as.a convict to New South Wales.
To MRs. FRY.
"Paramatta, New South Wales, July 10th, 1820.
"Honoured Madam,
"The duty I owe to you, likewise to the benevolent Society to which you have the honour to belong, compels me
to take up my pen to return to you my most sincere thanks,




1817.]      LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.              247
for the heavenly instruction I derived from you and the dear
friends, during my confinement in Newgate.'" In the month of April, 1817, how did that blessed prayer
of yours sink into my heart; and, as you said, so have I
found it, that when no eyes see, and no ears hear, God both
sees and hears; and then it was that the arrow of conviction
entered my hard heart; and in Newgate, it was that poor
Harriet S, like the prodigal son, came to herself, and
took with her words, and sought the Lord; and truly can I
say with David,' Before I was afflicted I went astray, but
now have I learned Thy ways, 0 Lord!' and although
affliction cometh not forth of the dust, yet how prone have
I been to forget God, my Maker; who can give songs in the
night; and happy is that soul that, when affliction comes, can
say with Eli,'It is the Lord,' or with David,'I was dumb,
and I opened not my mouth, because thou didst it;' and Job,
when stripped of every comfort,' Blessed be the Lord who
took away, as well as gave'-and may the Lord grant every
one that is afflicted, such an humble spirit as their's. Believe
me, my dear madam, I bless the day that brought me inside
of Newgate walls, for then it was that the rays of Divine
truth shone into my dark mind; and may the Holy Spirit
shine more and more upon my dark understanding, that I
may be enabled so to walk, as one whose heart is set to seek
a city whose builder and maker is God. Believe me, my
dear madam, although I am a poor captive in a distant land,
I would not give up having communion with God, one single
day, for my liberty; for what is the liberty of the body,
compared with the liberty of the soul? and soon will that
time come, when death will release me from all the earthly
fetters that hold me now, for I trust to be with Christ, who
bought me with his precious blood. And now, my dear
madam, these few sincere sentiments of mine, I wish you to
make known to the world, that the world may see that your
labour in Newgate has not been in vain in the Lord. Please
give my love to all the dear friends, and Dr. Cotton, Mr.




248        LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.             [1817.
Baker, Simpson and all, the keeper of Newgate, and all the
afflicted prisoners; and although we may never meet on earth
again, I hope we shall all meet in the realms of bliss, never
to part again.  Please give my love to Mrs. Stennett, and
Mrs. Guy.
"And believe me to remain,
"' Your humble servant,
" HARRIET S.."
The remainder of the history will be better described by
an extract from the " Enquiry whether crime and misery are
produced or prevented by our present system of Prison Discipline.  By T. F. Buxton."
" Having succeeded so far, the next business was to provide
employment.  It struck one of the ladies, that Botany Bay
might be supplied with stockings, and indeed all articles of
clothing, of the prisoners' manufacture. She, therefore, called
upon Messrs. Richard Dixon and Co., of Fenchurch Street,
and candidly told them, that she was desirous of depriving
them of this branch of their trade, and stating her views
begged their advice. They said at once, that they should
not in any way obstruct such laudable designs, and that no
further trouble need be taken to provide work for they would
engage to do it. Nothing now remained but to prepare the
room; and this difficulty was obviated, by the sheriffs' sending
their carpenters. The former laundry speedily underwent
the necessary alterations, was cleansed and white-washed,
and, in a very few days, the Ladies' Committee assembled in
it all the tried female prisoners. One of the ladies, Mrs. Fry,
began by describing to them the comforts to be derived from
industry and sobriety, the pleasure and profit of doing right;
and contrasted the happiness and peace of those who are
dedicated to a course of virtue and religion, with that ex —
perienced in their former life, and its present consequences;
and describing their awful guilt in the sight of God, appealed




1817.]     LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                249
to themselves, whether its wages, even here, were not utter
misery and ruin. She then dwelt upon the motives which
had brought the ladies into Newgate; they had left their
homes and their families, to mingle amongst those from whom
all others fled; animated by an ardent and affectionate desire
to rescue their fellow-creatures from evil, and to impart to
them that knowledge, which they, from their education and
circumstances, had been so happy as to receive.
" She then told them, that the ladies did not come with
any absolute and authoritative pretensions; that it was not
intended they should command and the prisoners obey, but
that it was to be understood, all were to act in concert; that
not a rule should be made, or a monitor appointed, without
their full and unanimous concurrence; that for this purpose,
each of the rules should be read and put to the vote; and
she invited those who might feel any disinclination to any
particular, freely to state their opinion.  The Rules were
then read.
"' And, as each was proposed, every hand was held up in
token of their approbation. In the same manner, and with
the same formalities, each of the monitors was proposed, and
all were unanimously approved. When this business was
concluded, one of the visitors read aloud the twenty-first
chapter of St. Matthew, the parable of the barren fig tree,
seeming applicable to the state of the audience; after a period of silence, according to the custom of the Society of
Friends, the monitors, with their classes, withdrew to their
respective wards in the most orderly manner.  During the
first month e ladies wer.e.anxious that the attempt should
be secret, that it might meet with no interruption; at the
enidof that time, as the experiment had been tried, and had
exceeded even their expectations, it was deemed expedient to
appp ly-: th: e  orporation- of London. It was considered
that the school would ~e more permanent, if it were made
a part of the prison system of the City, than if it merely
depended on individuals. In consequence, a short letter,
32




250         LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.              [1817.
descriptive of the progress already made, was written to the
sheriffs.
" The next day an answer was received, proposing a meeting with the ladies at Newgate.
"In compliance with this appointment, the Lord Mayor,
the Sheriffs, and several of the Aldermen attended.  The
prisoners were assembled together; and it being requested
that no alteration in their usual practice might take place,
one of the ladies read a chapter in the Bible, and then the
females proceeded to their various avocations.  Their attention, during the time of reading, their orderly and sober deportment, their decent dress, the absence of everything like
tumult, noise, or contention; the obedience and respect
shown by them, and the cheerfulness visible in their countenance and manners, conspired to excite the astonishment
and admiration of their visitors.  Many of these knew Newgate, had visited it a few months before, and had not forgotten the painful impressions made by a scene, exhibiting,
perhaps, the very utmost limits of misery and guilt.
" The magistrates, to evince their sense of the importance
of the alterations which had been effected, immediately
adopted the whole plan as a part of the system of Newgate,
empowered the ladies to punish the refractory by short confinement, undertook part of the expense of the matron, and
loaded the ladies with thanks and benedictions.  About six
months after the establishment of a school for the children,
and the manufactory for the'tried side,' the committee received a most urgent petition from the untried, entreating
that the same might be done among them, and promising
strict obedience.  In consequence, the ladies made the same
arrangements, proposed the same rules, and admitted, in
the same manner as on the other side, the prisoners to participate in their formation.  The experiment has here answered, but not to the same extent.  They have had difficulty in procuring a sufficiency of work, the prisoners are
not so disposed to work, flattering themselves with the pros



1817.]      LIFE  OF ELIZABETHI  FRY.                251
pect of speedy release; besides, they are necessarily engaged, in some degree, in preparation for their trial.  The
result of the observations of the ladies, has been, that where
the prisoners, from whatever cause, did no work, they deorived little, if any, moral advantage; where they did some
work, they received some benefit, and where they were fully
engaged, they were really and essentially improved."
A gentleman well known to Elizabeth Fry, who was desirous of seeing and judging for himself of the effect of
this singular experiment, visited Newgate just one fortnight
after the adoption of the new rules. We give his own
words.
" I went and requested permission to see Mirs. Fry, which
was shortly obtained, and I was conducted by a turnkey to
the entrance of the women's wards.  On my approach, no
loud or dissonant sounds, or angry voices, indicated that I
was about to enter a place, which I was credibly assured,
had long had, for one of its titles, that of' Hell above
ground.'  The court-yard, into which I was admitted, instead of being peopled with beings scarcely human, blaspheming, fighting, tearing each other's hair, or gaming with a
filthy pack of cards for the very clothes they wore (which often
did not suffice even for decency) presented a scene where stillness and propriety reigned. I was conducted by a decentlydressed person, the newly appointed yards-woman, to the
door of a ward, where, at the head of a long table sat a lady
belonging to the Society of Friends. She was reading aloud
to about sixteen women prisoners, who were engaged in
needle work around it. Each wore a clean-looking blue
apron and bib; with a ticket, having a number on it, suspended from her neck by a red tape. They all rose on my
entrance, curtsied respectfully, and then at a signal given,
resumed their seats and employments.  Instead of a scowl,
leer, or ill-suppressed laugh, I observed upon their counte




252        LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.              [1817.
nances an air of self-respect and gravity, a sort of consciousness of their improved character, and the altered position
in which they were placed. I afterwards visited the other
wards, which were the counterparts of the first."
Encouraged by many concurring circumstances, the newly
formed Ladies' Committee, now for the first time, introduced
a matron into Newgate.  The prisoners were divided into
classes, and placed under her superintendence. She was
eventually paid in part by the Corporation; and received in
addition twenty pounds a-year from the funds of the "Ladies'
Association." They furnished the rooms appropriated to her,
and she was regarded as their servant.  The yards-woman
was also appointed and paid by them
Previous to the appointment of the matron, and until she
was thoroughly established in her office, some of the visitors
spent the whole day in the prison amongst the women: taking
a little provision for themselves in a basket, or remaining
without any; and for a long time afterwards, one or two of
them never failed to spend some hours daily in this important
field of labour.
From  the manuscript journal of one of their number,
Sophia de C ——, we present to the reader some extracts
descriptive of this period;"Fifth AMonth, Ist, 1817.-After nearly a sleepless night,
spent in anticipation of the scenes of the morrow, I called on
Dorcas Coventry, who had promised to introduce me to
inspect the important labours which the Ladies of the Prison
Committee had engaged in, for the reformation of the women
in Newgate, for some time past. We proceeded to the felons'
door, the steps of which were covered with their friends, who
were waiting for admission, laden with the various provisions,
and other articles which they required, either as gifts, or to
be purchased, as the prisoners might be able to afford.  We
entered with this crowd of persons, into an ante-room, the




1817.]       LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.              253
walls of which were covered with the different chains and
fetters, suspended in readiness for the culprits: a block and
hammer were placed in the centre of it, on which the chains
were rivetted. The room was guarded with blunderbusses,
mounted on moveable carriages. I trembled, and felt sick,
and my heart sunk within me, when a prisoner was brought
forward to have his chain lightened, because he had an inflammation on the ankle. I spoke to him, for he looked
dejected, and by no means ferocious. The turnkey soon
opened the first gate of entrance, through which we were
permitted to pass without being searched, in consequence of
orders issued by the sheriffs. The crowd awaited until the
men had been searched by the turnkeys: and the women, by
a woman stationed for that purpose in a little room by the
door of entrance.  These searchers are allowed, if they
suspect spirits, or ropes, or instruments of escape to be
concealed about the person, to strip them to ascertain the
fact. A melancholy detection took place a few days ago. A
poor woman had a rope found upon her, concealed for the
purpose of liberating her husband, sentenced to death for
highway robbery, which sentence was to be put into execution in a few days. She was of course taken before a
magistrate, and ordered into Newgate to wait her trial. She
was a young and pretty little Irish woman, with an infant in
her arms. After passing the first door into a passage, we
arrived at the place where the prisoners' friends communicate with them; it may be justly termed a sort of iron cage; a
considerable space remains between the gratings, too wide to
admit of their shaking hands.  They pass into this from the
airing-yard, which occupies the centre of the quadrangle,
round which the building runs, and into which no persons
but the visiting ladies, or the persons they introduce, attended
by a turnkey, are permitted to enter.  This door is kept by
a principal turnkey, and was opened to our attendant by his
ringing a bell. A little lodge, in which an under turnkey
sleeps, is also considered necessary to render the entrance




254      LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                [1817.
secure. This yard was clean, and up and down it, paraded
an emaciated woman, who gave notice to the women of the
arrival of their friends. Most of the prisoners were collected
in a room newly appropriated for the purpose to hear a portion of the Sacred Scriptures read to them, either by the
matron, or by one of the Ladies' Committee; which last is
far preferable. They assemble when the bell rings, as near
nine o'clock as possible, following their monitors or wardswomen, to the forms which are placed in order to receive
them.  I think I never can forget the impression made upon
my feelings at this sight. Women from every part of Great
Britain, of every age and condition, below the lower middle
rank, were assembled in mute silence, except when the interrupted breathing of their sucking infants informed us of
the unhealthy state of these innocent partakers in their parents' punishment. The matron read; I could not refrain
from tears, the women wept also; several were under the
sentence of death. Swain, for forging, who had just received
her respite, sat next to me; and on my left hand, sat Lawrence alias Woodman, surrounded by her four children, and
only waiting the birth of another which she hourly expects,
to pay the forfeit of her life; as her husband had done for
the same crime, a short time before.
" Such various, such acute, and such new feelings passed
through my mind, that I could hardly support the reflection,
that what I saw was only to be compared to an atom in the
abyss of vice, and consequently, misery of this vast metropolis. The hope of doing the least lasting good, seemed to
vanish; and to leave me in fearful apathy. The prisoners
left the room in order. Each monitor took charge of the
work of her class on retiring. We proceeded to other wards,
some containing coiners, forgers, and thieves; and almost
all these vices were ingrafted on the most deplorable root of
sinful dissipation.  Many of the women are married; their
families are in some instances permitted to be with them, if
very young; their husbands, the partners of their crimes,




1817.1      LIFE  OF ELIZABETT   FPRY.             255
are often found to be on the men's side of the prison, or on
their way to Botany Bay.
"Some of these poor women are really beautiful, and
healthy, and even modest-looking; their figures fine, and
their countenances not disfigured by the expression of sin.
The greatest number appeared to me Irish, a very few Scotch;
the former are always ignorant, and preserve the peculiarities
of their national character, even in this abode of sorrow and
captivity; for to them privation and hardship are well known,
and their Roman Catholic profession places their responsibility to God, in the keeping of their priests, so that life is deprived of its heaviest burden, and they expect to be finally
happy, if they attend, even in that place, to the private ceremonies which their form of worship enjoins. I felt much
more interested during my momentary glance, for some of
these poor creatures, than for others.  I was warned by my
friend not to place too much dependence on expression of
countenance, or on what they might say, as deception is the
ruling temptation while here, and without much care, would
produce mischief and injustice.  They appear to be aware of
the value of character, to know what is right, but to forsake
it in action; finding this feeling yet alive, if properly purified and directed, it may become a foundation on which a
degree of reformation can be built. In appealing to this
statement in their breasts, and cultivating their own knowledge of it, many of the causes of former misbehaviour are
crushed. Thus they conduct themselves more calmly and
decently to each other, they are more orderly, more quiet,
refrain from bad language, chew tobacco more cautiously,
surrender the use of the fire-place, permit doors and windows to be opened and shut, to air or warm the prison,
reprove their children with less violence, borrow and lend
useful articles to each other kindly, put on their attire with
modesty, and abstain from slanderous and reproachful words.
" It is to be hoped that by and by, a deeper and purer
sense of the truths of religion may be found the cause of a




256         LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.              [1817.
real reformation.  None amongst them was so shocking as
an old woman, a clipper of the coin of the realm, whose
daughter was by her side, with her infant in her arms, which
had been born in Bridewell; the grandfather was already
transported with several branches of his family as beino
coiners.  The old woman's face was full of depravity.  We
next crossed the airing-yard, where many prisoners were industriouly engaged at slop-work, for which they are paid,
and after receiving what they reqluire, the rest is kept for
them  by the Committee, who have a receipt book, where
their earnings and expenditure may be seen for any time, by
the day or week. On entering the untried wards, we found
the women very different from those we had just left; they
were quarrelling, and very disorderly, neither knowing their
future fate nor anything like subordination amongst one
another.  It rese-mbles the state of the women on the tried
side, previous to the formation of the Visitors' Committee;
not a hand was employed, except in mischief. One bold
creature was ushered in for committing highway robbery.
Many convicts were arriving just remanded from the Sessions
I-Iouse; and their dark associates received them with applause,-su'ch is the unhallowed fellowship of sin.  We left
this revolting scene, and proceeded to the school-room,
situated on the untried side of the prison, for want of room
on the tried. The quiet decency of this apartment was quite
a relief; about twenty young women rose on our entrance,
and stood with their eyes cast to the ground.
"A young woman of respectable appearance, named Mary,
Connor, had offered herself as mistress, for keeping the young
children in order; who were separated from their parents'
wards, and placed in this room. I gave those who wished it,
permission to read to me; several could both read and write,
some could say their letters, and others were in total ignorance; they wept as I asked them questions, and I read to
them the parable of the prodigal son, as being peculiarly
applicable to their present situation; they then resumed theil




1817.]     LIFE OF ELIZABETH  rY.                 257
needle-work. We next proceeded to the sick ward, (it was
in good order,) and took a list of the additional clothes wanted
there, and read a chapter from the New Testament; we then
bade adieu to this dismal abode.
" 2nd.-Rose early and visited Newgate (accompanied by
Elizabeth Pryor,) where most of the Committee met to receive
the Lord Mayor, the Shleiffs, several Aldermen, among whom
were Sir William Curtis, Atkins, and some of the Gaol Committee, who had visited Elizabeth Fry the preceding day, in
order to learn what had been done, what remained to be improved, and to lend the assistance deemed needful in this
important work. The wisdom and integrity of her purpose
were made apparent to them, and the plans gradually expanded
before each of them; nothing was precipitated, caution
marked every step, and even the irritable state of City
politics does not interfere with this attempt at improvement.
The women were assembled as usual, looking particularly
clean, and Elizabeth Fry had commenced reading a Psalm,
when the whole of this party entered the already crowded
room. Her reading was thus interrupted for a short time.
She looked, calmly on the approaching gentlemen, who, soon
perceiving the solemnity of her occupation, stood still amidst
the multitude, whilst Elizabeth Fry resumed her office, and
the women their quietude.  In an impressive tone she told
them, she never permitted any trifling circumstance to interrupt the very solemn and important engagement of reading
the Holy Scriptures; but in this instance it appeared unavoidable from the unexpected entrance of so many persons,
besides which, when opportunity offers, we should pay
respect to those in authority over us, those who administer
justice; she thus, with a christian prudence, peculiar to
herself, controlled the whole assembly, and subdued the
feelings of the prisoners, many of whom were but too well
acquainted with the faces of the magistrates, who were themselves touched and astonished at thus being introduced to a
state of decorum so new within those walls, and could not
33




258        LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.             [1817
help acknowledging, how admirably this mode of treatment was adapted to overcome the evil spirit which had
so long triumphed there.  The usual silence ensued after
the reading, then the women withdrew. We could not
help feeling particularly glad that the gentlemen were
present at this reading; the prisoners crowded round the
Lord Mayor and Sheriffs, to beg little favours. We had a
long conference with these gentlemen relative to this prison
and its objects, the wisest regulations for Prison Discipline,
and the causes of crime; indeed we could not have received
more kind or devoted attention to what was suggested.
Elizabeth Fry's manner seemed to awaken new trains of reflection, and to place the individual value of these poor
creatures before them in a fresh point of view. They talked
of building a school-room, but as it would encroach on the
area of the yard, the scheme was unanimously abandoned.
Regulations for cooking, washing and dining, were promised;
but everything at present that involves expense to the city
is relinquished. Economy, not parsimony, was the theme
of the Lord Mayor; private benevolence has up to this
time supplied every extra expense, besides what is termed
the Sheriff's Gift.  The Sheriffs came to our Committeeroom, they ordered a cell to be given up to the Committee,
for the temporary confinement of delinquents; it was to be
made appear as formidable as possible, and we hope never to
require it.
s" 12th.-The soldiers who guarded the interior of New,
gate, were, at our request dismissed; they overlooked the
women's yard, and rendered them very disorderly.
1" 23rd. —I found poor AWVoodman lying-in, in the common
ward, where she had been suddenly taken ill; herself and
little girl were each doing very well. She was awaiting her
execution at the end of the month.  What can be said of
such sights as these?
" 24th. —I read to Woodman, who is not in the state of
mind we could wish for her, indeed so unnatural is her situ



1817.]     LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                 259
ation, that one can hardly tell how or in what manner to
meet her case.  She seems afraid to love her baby, and the
very health which is being restored to her produces irritation of mind."
The visit paid by the city authorities, as described above
by Sophia de C., was highly satisfactory to them. They
had themselves experienced insurmountable difficulties in the
attempt to control, or introduce order amongst the women in
Newgate, and appear to have relinquished the task as hopeless. When, therefore, this new system and its unlooked-for
success was exhibited before them, they did not start aside,
mistrustful of the agency, or the novelty of the proceedings,
but, without hesitation, gave to these efforts the weight of
their influence and authority, without which, the benefit
would probably be of short duration, and of comparatively
unimportant results.
The different arrangements made by the visitors, together
with the purchase of clothing for the prisoners, entailed considerable expenses; which soon proved beyond their private
resources; a subscription was therefore opened to meet them,
to which the Sheriffs added the sum of eighty pounds.
Elizabeth Fry, at an after period, related to one of her coadjutors, that at this time she applied to some of her own
relations for assistance in this object, for she perceived the
work before her to be great, and the opening for usefulness
beyond her expectation, but that to follow it up, she required the command of more money, than she could conscientiously ask from her husband.  Her application was
most cordially responded to by them; especially by her
cousin, Hudson Gurney, and her uncle, Robert Barclay;
they gave her help, and encouraged her to persevere in her
important objects, desiring her to apply freely to them,
whenever their aid was required.
But far beyond any other assistance was -that which she
received from her own brothers; who not only entered
warmly into her objects of interest, but were unfailing in the




260        LIFE OF ELIZABETH FRY-                [1817.
generous support which they afforded them. From that time,
until her labours of love were ended upon earth, not one
year elapsed in which they did not most liberally contribute,
as occasion required, to her various purposes of benevolence,
leaving the division to her own judgment.  Thus did He,
who had called her to this work, open the hearts of persons
in various circumstances, each to contribute of that which he
had, some in personal exertion, and cheerful consecration of
time and strength; some the countenance of their authority
and official dignity, whilst others poured in the needful supplies of silver and gold.
We return to the journal.
Plashet, Sixth MJonth, 16th. I found the prison going on
in a very encouraging manner, so much quietness and order,
quite like a different place to what it used to be. We may
humbly trust from the fruit produced, that the blessing
of the Most High has given the increase to the scattered
seed.
On the eleventh of Sixth Month, 1817, she writes to her
two eldest daughters; who, for nearly a year, had been the
guests of their uncle Daniel Gurney, at North Runcton,
under the maternal care of their aunt Rachel.
My dear children, remember, if you wish to be real helpers
to me, and to your dear father, you must take heed to yourselves; and seek to keep your eye single to Him, who can
alone enable you to do your duty towards yourselves, or
towards us. For I am more and more convinced, that unless
what we do, is done heartily unto the Lord, it profiteth little
and availeth nothing. I cannot tell you,-for I have not
language to express it,-the longing that I have, that you,
nay sweet, dear children, may go on in the right way. How
far before all other things do I ask it for you.  That whilst
here, you may be'" guided by His counsel, and afterwards
received into glory."




1817.]     LIFE OF ELIZABETH FRY.                  261I
Plashet, Sixth MAonth, 20thl.-iMy dearest boys are returned
from school, and the girls I expect this evening.  To be once
more surrounded by our sweet flock, is pleasant, and appears
cause for much thankfulness.  May a blessing attend us
amongst them, so that in word, and in deed, we may preach
Christ; and 0, gracious Lord! be pleased so to let Thy
blessing attend our labours of love, that they may all grow
in grace, and in the knowledge of Thee, and Christ Jesus
whom Thou hast sent.
Seventh Month, 21st.-I seem kept almost always, by night
and by day, going again and again to the mercy-seat; I
can hardly express what I have felt at times-groanings
unutterable, for the children upon their getting out of childhood, in their many temptations; some seem more beset
than others; but I do trust in Him, who has done marvellous
things for me, and I humbly believe will do so also for them;
this is the language of faith in my heart, so that I can
hardly help consoling myself with the hope that, sooner or
later, it will be verified, " I will pour my Spirit upon thy
seed, and my blessing upon thy offspring, and they shall
spring up as among the grass, as willows by the water-courses.
One shall say, I am the Lord's; and another shall call himself by the name of Jacob; and another shall subscribe with
his hand unto the Lord, and surname himself by the name
of Israel."
Eighth Month, 4th.-MAy having been brought publicly
forward in the newspapers, respecting what I have been
instrumental in doing at Newgate, has brought some anxiety
with it; in the first place, as far as I am concerned, that it
may neither raise me too high, nor cast me too low, that
having what may appear my good works, thus published,
may never lead me or others to give either the praise or glory
where it is not due. And that being brought thus forward
in a way I do not like, and by a person whom I do not quite
approve; I may in this, and in all other things, experience
preservation, for indeed, I cannot keep myself, and that this




262         LIFE  OF ELIZABET E   FRY.           [1817.
labour, if consistent with the Divine Will, may continue to
be blessed, and to make progress. And for myself, that I
may be kept humble, watchful, faithful, and persevering.
The change that had taken place in Newgate, was noticed,
for the first time, in thepublijjournals, during the autumn of
this year, by a man who has since been distinguished for his
wild and. theoretical views, Robert Owen, of New Lanark.
This was, to Elizabeth Fry and her companions, a painful and
unpleasant circumstance, notoriety being far from agreeable
with their inclination.  It immediately arrested public at.
tention, Prison Discipline having become an object of gen
eral interest.
Plashet, Eighth MJonth, 28t7.-I was yesterday at Newgate
with Sheriff Brydges, &c., &c. I have felt of late, fears,
whether my being made so much of, so much respect paid
me by the people in power in the city, and also being so
publicly brought forward, may not prove a temptation, and
lead to something of self-exaltation, or worldly pride. I fear,
I male the most of myself, and carry myself rather as if I
were somebody amongst them; a degree of this sort of conduct appears almost necessary-yet oh! the watchfulness
required not to bow to man, not to seek to gratify self-love;
but rather, in humility and godly fear, to abide under. the
humiliation of the cross. Lord, be pleased so to help and
strengthen me in this, that for Thine own cause' sake, for my
own soul's sake, my beloved family's, and the Society's sake,
I may in no way be a cause of reproach; but in my life,
conduct, and conversation, glorify Thy great and ever excellent name. In all my perplexities be pleased to help me,
and make a way where I see no way.
In the Ninth Month, her brother, Joseph John Gurney,
of Earlham, married Jane, daughter,f John Birkbeck.




1817.]      LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.              263
Plashet, Ninth Month, 19th.-I returned from attending my
dearest brother Joseph's wedding, with Jane ]Birkbeck, yesterday; they were married on the 10th; a Meeting very conspicuously owned by the great and good Shepherd of Israel,
so that we could but look upon it as a token for good; the
ministry flowed; but the immediate visitation of Divine love
was still better. My brother said a few words in supplication,
to my great comfort and refreshment, not doubting but that
the Holy anointing was poured upon him; therefore I believe
that he will be a great instrument in his Heavenly Father's
hand, if he only keep very near to His guidance in heights
and in depths; but I could naturally feel fears for his very
sensitive and tender mind-the conflicts necessary for the
service are so great and deep. His dear wife I believe will
prove a true helper to him. I saw them afterwards settled
at Earlham.
The following touching letter proves that her spirit was,
in no degree, exalted by the applause of the world; the
deep and hidden sorrows, of which she so feelingly speaks,
caused her path to be one of much tribulation.
To HER BROTHER, JOSEPH JOHN GURNEY.
Plashet, Tenth AMonth, 16th, 1817.
My dearest Joseph,
It is rather odd to myself that I should not have written
to thee before, who hast been the frequent subject of my
most tender interests. My heart has been raised for thy support and preservation under every circumstance.
Perhaps, my dear brother, thou wilt like to hear a little of
me, though thou hast so much to occupy thy heart and mind.
Few, perhaps, can acknowledge more of the abundant loving
kindness of the Almighty, who, in a remarkable way, has
dealt with me. But in blessing, He has been pleased, at
times, to permit some deep sorrows in the cup; some known




264        LIFE OF ELIZABETH FRY.    [1817o
to my fellow-mortals, and some remarkably hidden; but this,
I doubt not, has been for good. At times, even though
there are so many whom I love, so many near and dear to
me, "I watch, and am as a sparrow alone upon the housetop," like "' the owl in the desert, or the pelican in the wilderness;" but I believe " when no man seeth me, God seeth
me, and when no man pitieth me, God pitieth me." I have
felt also what the blessing is of having Him on our side;
how doth He comfort those that mourn, and administer to all
our wants.  In short, though cast rather down in some things,
I have felt much raised up in others, as if the power of the
Endless Life shone strong in me through all; so that I may
say, " though sorrowing, yet always rejoicing." This is a
most private letter, as such an acknowledgment is almost
like boasting, but I believe I may say it is not so, for all I
desire to convey is, that amidst all my cares, sorrows, and
perplexities, through His gracious power who strengthens
me, I do rejoice.
Let me hear from you soon, and believe me, in near and
tender love, thine and thy dear Jane's
Very affectionate sister,
E. F.
MJildred's Court, Twe ftyth Month, 17th.-A  remarkable
blessing still appears to accompany my prison concerns;
perhaps the greatest apparent blessing on my deeds, that ever
attended me.  How have the spirits both of those in power,
and the poor, afflicted prisoners, appeared to be subjected,
and how has the work gone on! most assuredly the power
and the glory is alone due to the Author and Finisher of
every good work: things in this way thus prosper, beyond
my most sanguine expectations; but there are also deep
humiliations for me. My beloved children do not appear
sufficiently under the influence of religion.  I am ready to
say, oh! that I could prosper at home in my labours, as I
appear to do abroad. Others appear to fear for me, that I am
too much divided; but alas! what can I do, but follow tho




1818.]     LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.               265
openings? I think that I do also labour at home; but He
who searcheth the heart, who knoweth all things, He knows
my faith, my goings out, and my comings in; He knows the
desires of my heart towards Himself —indeed the deep,
inward travail of my spirit has been unutterable and indescribable; but my humble trust and strong confidence is,
that He who hears and answers prayer, listens to my cry,
hearkens to my deep inward supplications for myself, my
husband, children, brothers, sisters, and household, my poor
prisoners, and all things upon which I crave a blessing; and
that being breathed in the faith, and I humbly trust through
the power of the Redeemer, access will be granted them,
and that Ite who has been with me, will be with me even
unto the end. Amen, and Amen, saith my unworthy, sorrowful, and yet in another sense, rejoicing soul; as I do, at
seasons through all, in a marvellous manner, in all my sorrows and cares, greatly and unspeakably rejoice in God my
Saviour, my Redeemer, and my only hope of glory.
JMildred's Court, 23rd.-My spirit is much overwhelmed
within me, this morning, but may I be enabled to look to the
Rock that is higher than I. O Lord! I beseech thee, sustain
me, and grant me cheerful resignation to Thy will, whatever
Thou mayst be pleased to do with my little one who is
sick; either in life, or in death, may she ever be Thine, and
be comforted by Thy love, and life-giving presence. Amen.
MJlildred's Court, 1818.-Lord, be pleased to grant the
blessing of preservation which is above every blessing. It is
very striking and wonderful to me, to observe how some
things have been verified, that, in times of great lowness and
unutterable distress, I have been led to believe would happen;
in reading the 142nd Psalm, these words particularly, " The
righteous shall compass me about, for Thou shalt deal bountifully with me."  Has not this been, and is it not now,
remarkably verified, by those filling almost the highest
stations in life, to the lowest; by persons of almost all denominations, have I not been compassed about? My prison
34




266        LIFE OF ELIZABETH FRY.    [1818.
concerns have thus brought me, a poor and very unworthy
creature, into public notice, and I may most humbly adopt
this language in the 71st Psalm, " I am as a wonder unto
many; but Thou art my strong Refuge.  Oh! let my mouth
be filled with Thy praise, and with Thy honour all the day;"
but, O Lord! merciful and gracious, Thou who knowest the
heart and its wanderings, and also its pantings after Thyself,
be pleased yet to manifest Thyself to be a God hearing and  answering  prayer.  Thou  hast, in times of
deep adversity, and of great affliction, when the heart
of Thy handmaid has been ready to say, Refuge failed
her, Thou hast then been her Stronghold, her Rock, and her'
Fortress; so that she has not been greatly moved, nor
overcome by her soul's enemy. Be pleased, most merciful
and gracious Lord God Almighty, now to keep her in the
day of prosperity, when the righteous compass her about,
that she may be, for a time, even as a wonder unto many.
Keep her, O Lord! even as in Thine own Almighty hand,
that no evil befall her, nor any plague come nigh her dwelling; and as Thou hast so far, in Thine abundant mercy and
loving kindness, delivered her soul from death, Oh, be
pleased to keep her feet from falling; hold up her goings in
thy paths, that her footsteps slip not; but increasingly ena.
ble her at all times, under all circumstances, in heights and
in depths, in life and in death, to show forth Thy praise, to
walk faithfully and circumspectly before Thee, obeying
Thee in all things, in Thy fear and in Thy love; abounding
in the true faith, as it is in Jesus; ever giving Thee, 0 Lord
God on High, with Christ Jesus our Lord, and Thy Holy
Spirit our Comforter, one God, blessed forever, the glory due
unto Thee, now in time, and in an endless eternity. Amen,
Amen.
During the winter of 1817-18, Elizabeth Fry received
many letters of inquiry from different parts of the country,
in relation to the system pursued in Newgate.  Ladies




1818.]     LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.               267
wished to form similar associations.  Magistrates wished to
improve the state of prisoners under their control, &c., &c.:
all which required minute and carefully-considered replies.
Some of the most distinguished and influential persons in
the kingdom were anxious to witness, for themselves, what
had been done in the prison, and.a part of almost every
morning was spent in accompanying such parties thither.
Many were asking for counsel, others for employment,
which they supposed Elizabeth Fry could obtain for them;
and almost constant applications from the poor, who thought
her purse as inexhaustible as her good-will, "humbly praying" for assistance. Her benevolent feelings would hardly
suffer any of these to pass unheeded; and her daughters,
the eldest of whom was in her seventeenth year, proved
efficient helpers in answering the demands.
A person who visited the prison infirmary, found a woman very ill; she spoke most feelingly of the kind attentions of the ladies, adding, "All the comforts around me,
and all the consolation of my mind, are owing to them."
The prisoners who were sent from Newgate to the Penitentiary, were remarkable for the propriety of their conduct;
and, as opportunities occurred, the manner in which they
would ask after the health and welfare of the " Ladies'
Committee" was highly interesting.  A visitor said, "I
never heard more minute or more affectionate enquiries, or
more grateful acknowledgments. Mentioning Elizabeth Fry,
I asked if she had done them any good? The answer of
one struck me much, but more from  the manner than the
language: —' God bless her, and the day she came to Newgate! She has done us all good, and we have, and shall
always have, reason to bless her.' This prisoner had been
in Newgate previously, as well as subsequently, to the introduction of the Ladies' Committee; and she gave me a striking picture of the contrast between the two periods."
During the former, it had been the practice for convicts,
on the night preceding their departure for Botany Bay, to




268          IFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.            [1818.
pull down and break or burn everything within their reach;
and to go off shouting with the most hardened effrontery.
But when the last set went out, they took an affectionate leave
of their companions, and expressed the utmost gratitude to
their benefactors, and the next day entered their conveyances
peaceably; and their departure, in the tears that were shed
and the mournful decorum that was observed, resembled a
funeral procession; and so orderly was their behaviour, that
it was deemed unnecessary to send more than half the usual
escort. As a proof that moral and religious instruction had
produced some effect upon their minds, when these poor
creatures were going, those who remained entreated that
their share of the profits (a little fund they were allowed to
collect for themselves, kept in a box under the care of the
6" Ladies' Committee ") might all be given to those who were
about to leave them.
In ten months after the workiqsystem_2 was introduced,
the women had made nearly twenty thousand articles of
clothing, which had been supplied principally by the slopshops; and their knitting produced from sixty to a hundred
pairs of socks and stockings every month.  Their earnings
averaged about eighteen-pence per week for each one.
Elizabeth Fry was informed that some were still gaming
in the prison. She went alone, assembled the prisoners, and
told them what she had heard, —that she feared it was true;
dwelt upon the sin of gaming, its evil effect upon their minds,
the interruption it gave, and the distaste it excited to labour;
told them how much the report had grieved her, and said
" she would consider it a proof of their regard, if they would
have the candour and kindness to bring the cards to her."
She did not expect they would do it, as it would be betraying themselves. But soon after she had retired to the "ladies'
room," there was a gentle tap at the door, and in came a
trembling girl, who, in a manner that indicated real feeling,
expressed her sorrow for having broken the rules of so kind
a friiend, and presented her pack of cards. She was soon




1818.]     LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.               269
followed by another and another, until Elizabeth Fry had
received five packs, which she burnt in their presence; assuring themn, that so far from its being remembered against
them) she should "remember it in another way."
A few days after this, she took with her some presents of
clothing, and calling the first one, gave her a neat muslin
handkerchief. To her surprise the girl said she hoped
Elizabeth Fry would excuse her being so forward, but if she
might say it, she felt exceedingly disappointed.  She had
hoped that Elizabeth Fry would have given her a Bible with
her own name written in it, which she would value beyond
anything else, and always keep and read it.  This was irresistible. The treasure so much desired was brought, and
Elizabeth Fry assured a friend that she never gave a Bible
which was received with so much interest and satisfaction,
nor one that she thought more likely to do good.
This had been one of the worst of girls, and had behaved
very badly upon her trial; but she conducted herself afterwards in so amiable a manner, that, she appeared "almost
without a flaw," and it was hoped "' would become a valuable
member of society."
One of the prisoners had said, it was "more terrible to
be brought up before Mrs. Fry than before the judge."
This was mentioned, when Elizabeth Fry was giving her
denvce before the Committee of the House of Commons,
on which she remarked: —" I think r/i[ay say we have full
power among them, though we use nothing but kindness.  I
have never proposed a punishment, and yet I think it is
impossible, in a well regulated house, to have rules more
strictly attended to than they are."
"Our habit is constantly to read the Scriptures to them
twice a day-many of them are taught, some can read a little
themselves. It has had an astonishing effect; I never saw
the Scriptures received in the same way. When I have
sometimes gone and said it was my intention to read, they




270         LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.              [1818.
would flock up stairs after me as if it were a great pleasure
I had to afford them."
When asked by the committee if the ladies confined themselves to the reading of the Scriptures, without inculcating
any peculiar doctrine, Elizabeth Fry replied,-"We consider,
from the situation we fill, as it respects the public, as well as
the poor creatures themselves, that it would be highly indecorous to press any peculiar doctrine of any kind, —any
thing beyond the fundamental doctrines of Scripture."
The Committee had obtained a pardon for one poor woman,
of whom Elizabeth Fry said, "' We taught her to knit in the
prison. She is now living respectably out of it, and in part
gains her livelihood by knitting."
"One poor woman, to whom we lent money, comes every
week to my house and pays two shillings. We give part and
lend part, to accustom them to habits of punctuality and
honesty."
A man, who was executed, left his wife in the prison,
under sentence of death. They had eight children. On
being asked respecting her, Elizabeth Fry replied, —"I heard
her state to a gentleman, that it had been a very great blessing to her to be at Newgate, and I think there has been a
very great change in her. Her case is now before Lord Sidmouth,"-hoping for a pardon.
On rewards, Elizabeth Fry replied,-" We divide our
women into classes, with monitors." —" They not only have
the earnings of their work, but we endeavor to stimulate
them by a system of marks; for a certain number of good
marks at a fixed period, they are rewarded with such prizes
as we think proper —articles of clothing, or Bibles and
Testaments." The matron superintends the classes.
The committee inquired if some prisoners had not suffered




1818.]      LIFE OF ELIZABETHI   FRY.              271
from want of clothing? Elizabeth Fry said, "I could describe
such scenes as I should hardly think it delicate to mention."
-A woman had been brought in recently, with "' hardly a
covering, no stockings, and only a thin gown. We provided
clothing immediately for the woman, and for her baby, which
was born a few hours after she came in."
When asked if she thought any reformation could be
effected without employment, she replied-" I should believe
it impossible.  We may instruct as we will, but if we allow
them their time, and they have nothing to do, they naturally
must return to their evil passions."
Elizabeth Fry closed her evidence before the Committee
of the House of Commons, with the following remarks:" I will just add, that I believe, if there were a prison fitted
up for us, which we might visit as inspectors-if employment were found for our women, little or no comnmunication allowed-with the city, and room given to class them,
with female servants only-if there were a thousand of the
most unruly women, they w uld be in excellent order in one
week.  Of that I have not the least doubt."
This examination took place on the 27th of Second Molth,
1818, ten months after the "Ladies' Association"' had been
formed. In the report of this Parliamentary Committee, the
following sentence occurs: —'' The benevolent exertions of
Mrs. Fry and her friends, in the female department of the
prison, have indeed, by the establishment of a school, by providing work and encouraging industrious habits, produced
the most gratifying change.  But much must be ascribed to
unremitting personal attention and influence."
Crimes of almost every grade and description were then
punishable with death. In regard to forgery, a case was
hardly to be conceived in which it was not made a capital
crime; and the law recognised no distinction between the
systematic forger and the foolish lad or confiding female
who, misled by others, became their dupes and victims. So
sanguinary a law, if carried fully into effect, would have ex



272        LIFE OF ELIZABETH F RY.              [1818.
acted an average of more than four executions per day, exclusive of First-day, in Great Britain and Ireland. To lessen
this fearful sacrifice of human life, every possible expedient
was adopted.  The police often connived at the escape of
those whom they pretended to seek; jurors often seized with
avidity extenuating circumstances, to satisfy their consciences in returning a verdict of "not guilty;" and judges
often leaned to the side of mercy, granting respites and reprieves, when cases of those under sentence of death were
considered in council.
" A Society for Diffusing Information on the Subject of
Punishment by Death" had been formed in 1808, when William Allen convened a little band of seven patriotic men at
his own house, who organised a committee on capital punishments; and Sir Samuel Romilly, whose attention had been
directed to the severity of the criminal code, determined to
attempt an amelioration of it, and to begin with the act of
Queen Elizabeth, which made it a capital offence for one to
steal privately from the person of another.  He was supported in this by Lord Holland and the Marquis of Lansdowne.  Sir Samuel Romilly renewed his attacks upon this
code, though almost single-handed, every succeeding session,
-changing his plan of operation as circumstances required,
-until his humane exertions were terminated by death,
in 1818.  His bill to remove the penalty of death for
shoplifting, in 1810, was rejected by the Peers, when the
following protest was presented: —'"Dissentient. —lst. Because the statute proposed to be
repealed appears to us unreasonably severe, inasmuch as it
punishes with death the offence of stealing property to a very
inconsiderable amount, without violence or any other aggravation.
" 2dly. Because, to assign the same punishment for heinous
crimes and slight offences, tends to confound the notions of
right and wrong, to diminish the horror atrocious guilt




111t8.]    LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                273
ought always to inspire, and to weaken the reverence in which
it is desirable that the laws of the country should be held.
" 3dly. Because severe laws are, in our judgment, more
likely to produce a deviation from the strict execution of
justice than to deter individuals from the commission of
crimes; and our apprehension that such may be the effect,
is confirmed, in this instance, by the reflection, that the
offence in question is become more frequent, and the punishment, probably on account of its rigour, is seldom  or
never inflicted.
"~ 4thly. Because the value of money has decreased since
the reign of King William, and the statute is consequently
become a law of much greater severity than the legislature
which passed it ever intended to enact."
This was signed by the Dukes of Sussex and Gloucester,
Lord Holland and the Marquis of Lansdowne.
On the 17th of Second Month, 1818, two women were executed for forgery. At six o'clock in the morning, one of
them addressed the following letter to Elizabeth Fry:" Honoured lMadam:-As the only way of expressing my
gratitude to you, for your very great attention to the care of
my poor soul, I feel I may have appeared more silent than
perhaps some would have been on so melancholy an event;
but believe me, my dear madam, I have felt most acutely the
awful situation I have been in. The mercies of God are
boundless, and I trust, through His grace, this affliction is
sanctified to me, and through the Saviour's blood my sins
will be washed away. I have much to be thankful for. I
feel such serenity of mind and fortitude. God of His infinite
mercy, grant I may feel as I do now in the last moments 
Pray, madam, present my most grateful thanks to the worthy
Dr. Cotton and Mr. Baker, and all our kind friends the
ladies, and Mrs. Guy. It was a feeling I had of my own
unworthiness made me more diffident of speaking as was per35




274         LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.             [1818
haps looked for. I once more return you my most grateful
thanks. It is now past six o'clock. I have not one moment
to spare. I must devote the remainder to the service of my
offended God.
" With respect, your humble servant,
" CHARLOTTE NEWMAN."
She added, that Mary Ann James (who was to be executed
with her) felt, as she hoped, all that she had expressed.
Those under sentence of death for forgery were apt to
consider themselves "more sinned against than sinning,"that they were the victims of a harsh and cruel law, which
made property of more value than human life,-and thus,
being the injured parties, they were to die more as martyrs
than as criminals.  On the same day that brought poor
Newman's letter, Elizabeth Fry received one from William
Wilberforce.
"Kensington Gore, 171h Feb., 1818.
" My dear Madam: —I think I need not assure you that I
have not forgotten you this morning. In truth, having been
awake very early, and lying in peace and comfort and safety,
the different situation of the poor women impressed itself
strongly on my mind.
"I shall be glad, and Mrs. Wilberforce also, I assure you,
to hear that your bodily health has not suffered from your
mental anxiety, and I will try to get a sight of you, when I
can, to hear your account and remarks on the effects of the
last few days, both on the poor objects themselves and their
prison companions.
"With real esteem and regard, I am, my dear madam,
"Yours very sincerely,
" W. WILBERF0ORCE."
The circumstances at Newgate, which had been wont to
pass unheeded, and almost unknown, save to a, few heartstirred philanthropists, now attracted the attention and ex



1818.]      LIFE OF ELIZABETH FRY.                      275
cited the interest of great numbers among the varied classes
in society. During the spring of this year, executions had
become so frequent, that they were made subjects for investigation, and for public as well as private discussion.* The
sanguinary provisions of the penal code were beheld with a
sentiment of disapprobation, and even abhorrence, before
unfelt.  The wretched tenants of the "condemned cells,"
after having received the sentence of death at the Old Bailes,
awaited, with mingled hope and fear, the decision of the
Council, by whom some were selected for mercy, the others
to suffer the extreme penalty of the law.  No reasons were
assigned by the Council for this distinction; each one, therefore, hoped to escape the dreadful doom    Among those who
were waiting in this state of terrible suspense, was a young
woman named Harriet Skelton.  There was something peculiarly touching in the case of this poor creature.  "'A child
might have read her character in her countenance —open,
confiding, affectionate, possessing strong feelings, but neither
hardened in depravity, nor capable of cunning." Under the
influence of the man whom she loved, she had been induced
to pass some forged notes: "1 thus adding another to the dismal list of those who, with the finest impulses of our nature,
uncontrolled by religion, have been lured to their own destruction."  Skelton was ordered for execution; the sentence
was unlooked-for; "her deportment in the prison had been
good, amenable to regulations, quiet and orderly.  Some of
her companions in guilt were heard to say, that they supposed she was chosen for death, because she was better
* The heart sickens at the thought how, even in the last generation,
human life was recklessly sacrificed. Persons convicted of comparatively small crimes paid the forfeit of life; some of them might,
unquestionably, have become reformed and useful. The late Charles
Wesley, in a letter to his friend John Fletcher, vicar of Madely, dated
"June 30th, 1776," says, "A fortnight ago Ipreached the condemned
sermon to above 20 criminals. Every one of them, I have good grounds
to believe, died penitent. 20 more must die next week! /  See Memozr of
Elizabeth Mortimer, p. 101.




276        LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.              [1818
prepared than the rest of them." Elizabeth Fry was vehemently urged to exert herself on behalf of this unhappy
woman. She made various attempts-one through the Duke
of Gloucester, who with other dwellers in palaces and lordly
halls, visited the poor convict in Newgate; and " his former
companion in the dance" led the Duke through the gloom
and darkness of that most gloomy of prisons-a new scene
indeed to him, and to many others, who, through life, had
been " nursed on the downy lap of ease," in luxurious abodes,
that strangely contrasted with the " dark vaulted passagesthe clanking fetters —the offensive smell-the grating sound
as the heavy key wasturned-the massive bolts driawn backand the iron-sheathed door forced reluctantly open," unaccustomed, and as if unwilling, to admit such guests.
The Duke of Gloucester made a noble effort to save Skelton,
by an application to Lord Sidmouth; he also accompanied
Elizabeth Fry to the Bank Directors: but all entreaties were
in vain.  Lord  id toh was annoyed by Elizabeth Fry's
earnest solicitatjns,,and.;_lgJlly= oanuc- highlyn di 6ljres
which involved a degree of censure on the Bank Directors.
There were, in the case, circumstances of collusion, on the
part of some who were concerned in bringing this unfortunate creature to the gallows, of which Elizabeth Fry might
perhaps have spoken with a degree of freedom that exceeded
the limits of strict prudence: but who can read the tale
without a strong and sympathetic interest in her humane
appeal for mercy? or without deep regret, as well as surprise,
that this appeal could have been regarded in the light of an
offence? and how does the emotion acquire intensity, when
we contemplate the dreadful severity of an enactment, which,
within a few years afterwards, was, through the aroused and
resistless force of public opinion, expunged from the statutebook!
The claims of mercy had rendered it very important to
Elizabeth Fry that she should have access to the Secretary
of State.  She had been wont to intercede with Lord Sid



1818.]     LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                277
mouth on behalf of those whom his decision might either
consign to an untimely and ignominious death, or award a
further term of earthly probation. But now her influence
with him was lost. She endeavoured, by a personal interview, to remove the unfavourable impressions which he had
imbibed, and to convince him that, although she might have
erred in judgment, her intentions had been upright, and her
desire sincere not to oppose his wishes. But all was in vain:
his heart was steeled against remonstrances, and nothing but
pain resulted from the interview. Elizabeth Fry had been
accompanied in this unsatisfactory visit by the excellent
Countess Harcourt, one of the ladies of the Court; and
under her special care and protection had, on the same day,
reluctantly, and with a heavy heart, to mingle in a very
different scene, and to encounter objects of a remarkably
opposite character. The aged Queen Charlotte, who, through
a lengthened life, had appeared little moved by questions of
a philanthropic character, her interests being much confined
within the sphere of her court and its cold formalities and
etiquette, had heard of the wonderful changes in Newgate
and elsewhere, wrought through the instrumentality of Elizabeth Fry, and had become impressed by the evidences of an
awakened and powerfully religious feeling, which had begun
to operate on the minds of some persons of rank and influence, who had witnessed the labours of this devoted woman;
and, on the occasion of a public examination of the children
of some large metropolitan schools in the Egyptian Hall of
the Mansion House, the Queen intimated her desire to be
present, and requested that Elizabeth Fry would also attend
on the occasion. This was an injunction that could not, with
any degree of propriety, be disregarded; and accordingly,
though as she says against her will, Elizabeth Fry, in company with the Countess Harcourt, repaired thither. It had
been intended that she should be presented to the Queen in
the drawing room-this would have been much more select
and agreeable —but, through some misunderstanding, Lady




278        LI E OF ELIZABETH PRY.                [1818.
Harcourt and Elizabeth Frv were conducted to the hall, and
placed on the side of the platform, which was crowded with
waving feathers, jewels, and orders; several of the bishops
standing near her, the great hall lined with spectators, and
in the centre hundreds of poor children from the different
schools.  Elizabeth Fry was an object of general attraction.
After a time the Queen perceived her, and advanced to
address her.  It was a striking scene, and painted by an
artist-the diminutive stature of the Queen, covered with
diamonds, but her countenance lighted with an expression
of pleasure and of the kindest benevolence,-Elizabeth Fry's
tall figure, clad in her simple Friend's dress, her countenance a little flushed, but preserving her wonted calmness of
look and serious dignity of manner.  The spectators of this
remarkable interview, with a murmur of applause, hailed the
scene before them, as the meed of approval offered by royalty
at the shrine of mercy and good works.
The fatigue of the day proved too much for the Queen's
declining bodily powers. In the succeeding autumn she
finished her earthly course. It was a cause of much satisfaction to the many who cherished an interest in her eternal
well-being, that the power of religion increasingly influenced
her mind, as she approached the confines of a never-ending
state of existence.  During her last illness, in the Ninth
Month of this year, the Countess Harcourt, in a letter to
Elizabeth Fry, says," We are at present in great anxiety on account of the pool
Queen.  I wish she had had the advantage of knowing you
earlier, and more intimately.  But I believe her opinions on
religious subjects, are what you would highly approve, and
Mlrs. Bendorff who never leaves her, reads and prays with
her constantly, and has done so, at all periods.  The conduct
of the two Princesses is most exemplary, but I much fear
Princess Augusta's health is declining, and her nerves are
very much shook. If the Duke of Glcucester had not kindly
32




1818.]       LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                279
suffered the Duchess to remain, and share this painful duty
with Princess Augusta, she must have sunk under it.  Princess Sophia is also very ill, at Windsor, fromn her extreme
anxiety. The distressed state of the Royal Family should
prove, that there are none of those circumstances, that are
called advantages, that can even alleviate, much less exempt
the possessors from the misfortunes common to mortality.
The lesson is a useful one, and so is the patience and resignation with which the Queen bears her sufferings, and her
family bear their sorrows.  I am told the Queen shows a
particular gentleness and gratitude to all around her, making
no complaints, even when in agonies of pain.  Her strength
of constitution, which is very great, is probably the cause of
the protraction of her sufferings, and the period may still be
prolonged some days, or it may terminate in a moment."




1818-1823. Engagements in the Prison —Convict ships-The Maria
-Visitors to Newgate —Letter from Lady Mackintosh-Lord Lansdowne's speech-Scotch journey-Letter from the Countess Ilarcourt
-Takes her sons to school-Illness-Journey in consequence-Letter to prisoners-Letters to her sons and Priscilla HI. G urney-Affliction in her family-Scripture readings in Newgate —Female convicts
in New South Wales-Journey into the North of England —Letters
to her daughter, Walter Venning, &c.-Foreign Prisons-Death of
her sister Priscilla Gurney —Capital punishments-Mackintosh's
Motion-Buxton's speech-Prison Discipline Meeting —Marriage of
a daughter-Visits to several Meetings-Death of a sister-in-lawLetter to the Princess Royal of Denmark-To J. J. Gurney —Sale
of prisoners' work-Convict ships-Interesting visit to one of them
-Letter from the Duchess of  -— Attends Bristol Quarterly Meeting, &c. —Refections.
AFTEi  the arduous exertions and interests of the winter
of 1817-18, it was no small relief to Elizabeth Fry and her
family, to return to Plashet: and she writesPlashet, Fourth M/ionth, 29t,7.-Mapy we more evidently
live in the best sense, even unto God.  Since I last wrote, I
have led rather a remarkable life; so surprisingly followed
after by the great, and others in my Newgate concerns; in
short, the prison and myself are become quite a show, which
is a very serious thing, in many points.  I believe, that it
certainly does much good to the cause, in spreading amongst
all ranks of society a considerable interest in the subject;
also a knowledge of Friends, and of their principles: but
my own standing appears critical in many ways.  In the
first place, the extreme importance of my walking strictly,
and circumspectly, amongst all men, in all things; and not
bringing discredit upon the cause of truth and righteousness.
(280)




1818.]     LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                281
In the next place, after our readings there, the ministry is a
most awful calling, thus, publicly amongst men, to be in
season and out of season. I desire to live, (more particularly
in these things,) in the fear of God rather than of man, and
that neither good report, nor evil report, the approbation
nor disapprobation of men, should move me the least, but
my eye should be kept quite single to the great and good
Shepherd and Bishop of souls; this is my continual prayer
for myself.
That the desire for preservation, so continually raised in
her heart, was graciously answered, we have many evidences.
Ve observe, in the journal of William Allen, the following
notices of these important engagements at Newgate, of which
she so feelingly speaks.
"Second Ionth,  8th, 1818.-Went with E. J. Fry and
Cornelius to Newgate. About one hundred women prisoners
were collected, and behaved in a most exemplary manner.
E. J. Fry read the seventh chapter of Luke to them in a
solemn manner, and made some comments upon it very
sweetly. I thought a precious degree of power attended.
I also ventured to address them, and felt peace."
" Pfth 7Jlfonth, 27th.-Professor Pictet and his son Charles
Vernet went with me to Graceehurch-street IMeeting.  I
afterwards accompanied them to meet E. J. Fry at Newgate.
The Duke of Leinster and the Swedish Ambassador were
there.  It was a solemn time. E. J. Fry read a psalm, and
was afterwards engaged in prayer.  Hannah Field also supplicated, and lMary Sanderson spoke in ministry."
"Seventh M1ionthl, 14th, 1820. —1 accompanied the Marquis Pucci to Newgate. E. J. Fry read to about sixty
female prisoners. They seemed in excellent order. The
reading was followed by a solemn pause, and supplication
from E. J. Fry."
Similar memoranda of the religious opportunities that often
occurred in the prison, might be multiplied from the pens of
36




282         LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.              [1818
many excellent persons; and, frequently, the visitors of every
class, and the prisoners themselves, were equally affected. A
near relative of the Duke of Wellington said he was " amazed
at the reverence of Elizabeth Fry in reading the Scriptures,
and at the attention of the prisoners."  His heart melted
into tenderness while he listened to her faithful and compassionate addresses to her serious congregation: he had
never before seen anything like it.  He was an officer in the
navy, and it was remarked by one who was present,'" When
Elizabeth Fry kneeled down and offered prayer in the blessed
name of our great High Priest, Jesus Christ, as our only
Mediator and Advocate with the Father, for the Divine
mercy, and pardon, and grace, to rest upon all present, for
their salvation and eternal glory, the captain was overcome:
he burst into tears and wept like a child."
A fresh object of interest now opened upon the attention
of the "Ladies' Newgate Association." The removal of the
female convicts for transportation: and the circumstances
under which those whom they so anxiously desired to benefit,
were to pass the long and dreary months of confinement on
ship-board.
Previous to the commencement of those efforts which produced such a marvellous change in the conduct of these
unhappy women, it had been usual, on their departure for
the convict ships, to have them conveyed from the prison to
the water-side in open waggons, generally amidst assembled
crowds, —the prisoners and those who surrounded them being
alike riotous and noisy, the disorder being maintained on the
road and in the boats. Elizabeth Fry prevailed on the Governor to consent to their being moved in hackney coaches. She
then promised the women, that if they would be quiet and orderly, she and others of the visitors would accompany them to
Deptford, and see them on board the ]l1aria convict ship; accordingly, when the time came, no disturbance took place;
the women in hackney coaches, with turnkeys in attendance,
formed a. procession, which was closed by her carriage, and




1818.]     LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                  283
the women behaved well upon the road. When on board the
ship, Elizabeth Fry and her co-adjutors were distressed to see
so many women and children herded together below deck.
They were to be divided into messes of six each, and as each
woman must, of necessity, associate the most with those of
her own mess, it seemed to be a good opportunity to class
and number them. This was no sooner proposed, than
accepted by all concerned in the arrangement; they were
divided into classes of twelve, including the monitor, chosen
from the number by the women themselves.  As far as possible, those whose ages or criminality were similar were
placed together, each class contained two messes.  The
superintendence thus became as complete, as the nature of
the case would permit. There were one hundred and twentyeight convicts, besides their children.
- Employment and instruction were still wanting; the women
complained of having nothing to do. To procure work for a
hundred and twenty-eight persons, during so long a voyage,
appeared to be a hopeless endeavour; and even if it could be
obtained from Government or individuals, that it would be
useless to give it to them, with no responsible person to take
charge either of its execution or appropriation. The visitors
were told that patchwork and fancywork found a ready sale
in New South Wales. They accordingly made it known that
they required little pieces of coloured cotton, for this purpose; and in a few days, enough were sent from the different
Manchester houses in London, fully to supply them with
work, aided by some knitting.  The time and ingenuity
required in patchwork, rendered it a particularly suitable
occupation; and as the convicts were to have the things when
done, to sell for their own profit on arrival, it was evidently
their interest to turn their skill to the best account. By this
means, another important good was effected; for at that time,
no factory or barrack of any description existed, for the
reception of the women when landed in the colony; not so
much as a hut in which they could take refuge, so that they




284        LIFE  OoF ELIZABETH  FRY.    [1818,
were literally driven to vice, or left to lie in the streets. The
proceeds of their industry on board ship, though small, would
enable such as desired it, to obtain shelter until engaged as
servants, or until they could find some respectable means of
subsistence. A fact that occurred the following year, in the
Wellington female convict ship, showed the correctness of
this opinion, and how well patchwork had answered the intended purpose; for when that ship touched at Rio de Janeiro,
the quilts made by the women were there sold for a guinea
each.  Bibles, prayer-books, and religious tracts, were placed
under the care of each monitor, for the use of her class;
arrangements were also made, that those who could not read
and wished to learn, should have an opportunity of doing so.
But though some provision was thus made for the necessities of the women, the poor children were still in misery
and in ignorance, fourteen of them were of an age to receive
instruction; with some difficulty, a small space of the vessel
was set apart for a school: there, during the greater part of
the day, the children were taught to read, knit, and sew;
one of the convicts undertook to be school-mistress, for
whom a reward was placed in the hands of the captain, provided she persevered in her duties to the end of the voyage.
During the five weeks that the ship lay in the river, some
members of the "Association" devoted much of their time
to making these arrangements. The expense of ~72 10s. was
incurred in working materials, aprons for the women, and
additional clothing for the most destitute.  The good effects
of these regulations were speedily seen, but none were sanguine as to their continuing in force after the ship had fairly
put to sea, and there would be no longer any stimulus or inducement to persevere.  The captain, a very respectable
man, died suddenly at Calcutta, on the voyage home, which
prevented its being ascertained with certainty, how long, or
to what extent the plans were beneficial.  The only person
who could give or enforce an order, was the surgeon-superintendent, appointed by Government to the care of the




1818.]     LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                 285
women.  In this instance, the appointment had fallen on a
man who did not take even the least interest in the moral
organization of the convict ship.  The last time that Elizabeth Fry was on board the  oaria, whilst she lay at Deptford,
was one of those solemn and interesting occasions that leave
a lasting impression on the minds of those who witness them.
There was great uncertainty whether the poor convicts would
see their benefactress again. She stood at the door of the
cabin, attended by her friends and the captain; the women,
on the quarter-deck facing them.  The sailors anxious to see
what was going on, climbed into the rigging, upon the capstan, or mingled in the outskirts of the group.  The silence
was profound-when Elizabeth Fry opened her Bible, and, in
a clear, audible voice, read a portion from it. The crews of the
other vessels in the tier, attracted by the novelty of the scene,
leaned over the ships on each side, and listened apparently
with great attention; she closed the Bible, and after a short
pause, knelt down on the deck, and implored a blessing on
this work of Christian charity from that God, who, though
one may plant and another water, can alone give the increase.
Many of the women wept bitterly, all seemed touched; when
she left the ship, they followed her with their eyes and their
blessings, until her boat having passed within another tier of
vessels, they could see her no more.
But we return to her own journal.
Plashet, Seventh J[Month, 1st.-Since I last wrote, much has
happened to me; some things have occurred of an important
nature.  My prison engagements have gone on well, and
many have flocked after me, may I not say of almost all
descriptions, from the greatest to the least; and we have had
some remarkably favoured times together in the prison. The
Yearly aMeeting was a very interesting one to me, and also
encouraging.  I felt the unity of Friends a comfort and support.  I had to go into the Men's Meeting, which was a deep
trial of faith, but it appeared called for at my hand, and




286        LIFE OF ELIZABETH FRY.                [1818.
peace attended giving up to it. The unity which the women
expressed at my going, and the good reception I found
amongst the men, were comforting to me; but it was a close,
very close, exercise.  Although I have had much support
from many of my fellow-mortals, and so much unity expressed
with me, both in and out of our Society-yet I believe many
Friends have great fears for me and mine; and some, not
Friends, do not scruple to spread evil reports, as if vanity or
political motives led me to neglect a large family.  I desire
patiently to bear it all, but the very critical view that is taken
of my beloved children, grieves me much.
From the very diverse habits of thought in different individuals-habits engendered by education, by pre-conceived
notions, and by the influences of association and natural
temperament-the opinions of men will ever widely varymost especially on subjects with which, from their novelty,
they may be but slightly acquainted. It was thus, in reference
to the calling and engagements of the excellent person whose
course is described in this volume.  She was, at times,
heavily oppressed under the effect of conflicting views; yet,
sustained by the evidences, often vouchsafed, that an Almighty
Helper was her Friend and Guide, she was enabled, with
singleness of purpose, to pursue her efforts for the welfare of
her fellow-creatures, and for the reconciliation with God of
spirits alienated from Him by wicked works.  His blessing
rested on her labours, and some, at least, were brought to a
saving knowledge of their gracious Redeemer.  And unto
JHim she ascribed all praise.
8th.-My heart is too full to express much; yesterday, I
had a very interesting day at Newgate, with the Chancellor
of the Exchequer, and many other persons of consequence;
much in the cross to myself, I had to express a few words in
supplication before them, but the effect was solemn and satisfactory. After this I felt peaceful and comforted; sometimes




1818.]      LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.               287
I think, after such times, I am disposed to feel as if that day's
work was done, and give way to cheerful conversation, without sufficiently waiting for the fresh manifestations of the
Spirit, and abiding under the hunmiliations of the Cross.
It is needful now to revert to the excitement produced in
the public mind, as the circumstances of the remarkable
transformation effected in Newgate, became generally known.
The visits of Elizabeth Fry were the theme of conversation
among all ranks, and the accounts circulated of the interesting
scenes which were to be witnessed there, brought a strange
variety of persons to that abode of sorrow. It would be too
much to say that all, who then, or in after times, attended
the readings in Newgate, were actuated by high and holy
feelings in desiring admittance; but if a list of the names of
the visitors could be published, it would prove how strong
was the simpathy felt among the nobly born, and richly
endowed with intellectual, as well as worldly, wealth.
Sir James Mackintosh became, in Parliament, a. powerful
advocate for the reform  of the penal code. A letter from
Lady Mackintosh to Elizabeth Fry (published by special
permission), is strikingly interesting, as a testimony to the
effect of the arduous labours in the prison. We give an
extract:"I have had a note from Sir James, in which is the following passage, I cannot resist copying it, in the hope of your
pardon for doing so.'I dined Saturday, June 3d, at
Devonshire House.  The company consisted of the Duke of
Norfolk, Lords Lansdowne, Lauderdale, Albemarle, Cowper,
Hardwicke, Carnarvon, Sefton, Ossulston, Milton, Duncannon, &c.  The subject was Mrs. Fry's exhortation, to
forty-five female convicts, at which Lord -   had been
present on Friday. He could hardly refrain from tears in
speaking of it.  He called it the deepest tragedy he had ever
witnessed. What she read and expounded to the convicts,




288         LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.             [1818.
with almost miraculous effect, was the 4th chapter to the
Ephesians.  Coke (of Norfolk) begged me to go with him
next Friday; I doubt whether, as that is the day of my
motion,* I shall be able to go, and whether it be prudent to
expose myself to the danger of being too much warmed by
the scene, just before a speech in which I shall need all my
discretion.'
" As the above extract was only intended for my eye, I am
sure you will so consider it.  My motive for submitting it to
you is twofold; that you may not be ignorant how much
your great work of mercy contributes to inspire good feelings,
and to supply pure and edifying subjects of conversation at
the tables of the most illustrious persons in the country, for
rank and talents."
Among the visitors were to be found persons, who, as friends
of humanity, came to ascertain the truth of all that they
had heard; actuated by the same motives, bishops, clergymen, and other ministers of religion resorted thither.  It
will at once be seen how the concurring testimony of individuals, distinguished in such various ways, must have influenced public opinion in favour of a mode of treatment which,
in the course of a few weeks, had struck at the root of the
more glaring evils, so lately existing in the principal metropolitan prison of England.  Nor can it be doubted that the
influx of visitors, objectionable as it must be considered in
itself, and injurious as it would be, in a well-ordered prison,
was then an important means of spreading knowleldge and
exciting interest, and thus assisting to prepare the way for
the improvements in Prison Discipline subsequently effected.
It appears highly probable that the rapidity and ease with
which legislative enactments on these subjects were afterwards carried, may be chiefly attributed to what had been
seen and heard in Newgate.
* For the revision of the Penal Laws.




1818.]      LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                289
On the Third of Sixth Month, 1818, the Marquis of Lansdowne moved an address to the Prince Regent, on the state
of the prisons of the United Kingdom. In his speech, after
stating appalling facts as to the increase of crime within
the preceding ten years, attributing it to various causes, especially to the vicious and deplorable condition of the prisons
themselves, he made this observation in reference to Newgate:
"It was impossible from the manner in which it was constantly crowded, to apply any general system of regulations.
There, it was necessary to place several felons in the same
cell, and persons, guilty of very different descriptions of
offences, were mixed together. The consequences were such
as might be expected, notwithstanding all the efforts of that
very meritorious individual (Mrs. Fry), who had come like
the Genius of Good into this scene of misery and vice, and
had, by her wonderful influence and exertions, produced, in
a short time, a most extraordinary reform  among the most
abandoned class of prisoners. After this great example of
humanity and benevolence, he would leave it to their lordships how much good, persons similarly disposed, might effect
in other prisons, were the mechanism, if he might use the
expression, of those places of confinement better adapted to
the purposes of reformation.  The institution of the great
Penitentiary-house was likely to be attended with great
advantages, though he did not approve of all the regulations.
That establishment was a great step taken in the important
work of reformation.  He was aware there were persons
who considered all expense of this kind as useless, who
thought that all that could be done was to provide for the
safe custody of prisoners, and that attempts to reform them
were hopeless. Let those who entertain this notion, go and
see what had been effected by Mrs. Fry and other benevolent
persons in Newgate. The scenes which passed there, would
induce them to alter their opinion. There were moments when
the hardest hearts could be softened and disposed to reform."
37




290        LIFE OF ELIZABETH FRY.    [1818.
After reading this sentence, delivered in the house of
Lords, and published in all the journals of the day, it causes
no surprise, to find that admittance into Newgate was sought
with eager curiosity by all sorts of persons; to many of
whom, admission could not, with any propriety, have been
refused by either magistrates, officers, or ladies.  Inconveniences arose from it, but at this juncture, of prison reformation, they were greatly outweighed by its effects in diffusing information and calling attention to the subject.
The members of "the Ladies' Committee" had, at this
time, effected several minor arrangements to lessen the temptations, and increase the reasonable comforts of the prisoners.
There had been a great consumption of beer amongst them.
In order to prevent this evil, they engaged a sub-matron or
gate-keeper, who assisted in the lodge, and amongst other
duties, superintended a little shop, which had been established, as it is quaintly expressed in their minute-book,
"between gates," where tea, sugar, a little haberdashery,
and other equally harmless articles, were sold to the prisoners.  The communication between them and their acquaintances outside the prison, being so much restricted, lessened
their supplies from that quarter, and the prison allowance
being scarcely sufficient, this plan was resorted to, in order
to meet their necessities, and ensure their portion of the
earnings being expended in a proper manner.
But, amidst all her interests of a public nature, how great
was Elizabeth Fry's solicitude respecting her own children,
and for the blessing of preservation to herself!
Plashet, Seventh Month, 24th.-I have many causes of
deep anxiety at this time.  What to do with our boys, for
the best, has occupied much of my consideration, and at
present I see no other way than continuing them at school;
but I do not acknowledge too much, if I say that it is the
prayer of my heart that a kind Providence may open the
way for their going to the best place for them, wherever it
may be, and deep is the craving of my spirit, that they may,




1818.]      LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.               291
in the end) go on well.  0 Lord! I beseech Thee, whatsoever Thou mayst be pleased to do with them, whether to
grant them health or sickness, riches or poverty, long life or
short life, oh, for Thy beloved Son's sake, give them not over
to the will of their enemies, but establish their goings in Thy
paths; put a new song into their mouths, even praises to
Thee, their God. And seeing, gracious Lord, that in a very
marvellous, manner, Thou hast been pleased to make a way
for Thy child and servant, where she could see no wayhow, in a wonderful manner Thou restored her in early life,
showed Thyself to be on her side, when spiritually her enemies appeared ready to overcome and destroy her, and how
also in many and various seasons, "Thou hast made darkness light before her, and crooked paths straight," how Thou
hast been pleased to raise her from season to season, from
the bed of languishing; how Thou hast temporally cared
for her, and answered her prayer, when it appeared likely
even that she would be scarcely provided for, how Thou
hast helped her in spirit, at seasons, to do Thy will, to
see into the glorious mysteries of Thy kingdom, how Thou
hast aided her in her weakness, and enabled her to overcome the extreme fear of man; and to declare Thy doings
amongst the people, and to show Thy marvellous works
to the children of men, even from princes and prelates, to
the poorest, lowest, and most destitute; so as;, in a remarkable manner, to bring to pass what she saw for herself in
early life, though as through a glass darkly, which others
more clearly saw for her, and had to declare unto her; and
seeing, gracious Lord, and almighty Saviour, how Thou hast
been pleased to deal with Thy unworthy servant, to increase
in her even, at seasons, mightily and powerfully the knowledge of Thee her God, and Christ Jesus her Lord. —— Be
pleased to help her in the like precious faith, and preserve
her from the many snares of the enemy; let not the spirit of
the world, or its applause, ever entangle her; nor the reproach
of any, not even of the good, unduly discourage her; but let




292         LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.             [1818.
her be increasingly Thine own, and at all times, at all seasons,
and in every place, by whomsoever surrounded, give unto
Thee the Glory due unto Thy name, and worship'Thee in
the beauty of holiness: and let neither heights, nor depths,
life, nor death, nor any other thing, ever separate her from
Thy love: but enable her, 0 Lord! at all times, and at all
seasons, and in every place, and by whomsoever surrounded, to
glorify Thy great and ever excellent name, with Thy beloved
Son, Christ Jesus our Lord. And with regard to her beloved
family, be unto them, what Thou hast been unto her; even
their Guide, and their Guard, their God and their Saviour;
and make a way for them, where their poor mother sees no
way for them.  Amen, says my unworthy soul; cast down,
but not destroyed; afficted, but not in despair; at times
almost comfortless, but not forsaken; at other times abounding
in the joy and blessing of my God.
In the Eighth Month, Elizabeth Fry left home to visit
Scotland, and the North of England, accompanied by her
brother Joseph John Gurney, his wife, and one of her own
daughters.
Belford, J7'Vorthnrmberland, Eighth MXonth, 25th.-For some
months I hayve looked to attending the General Meeting in
Scotland, but it appeared almost impossible, my home-claims
being so very strong-indeed, the Monthly Meeting before
the last, it came with great weight so as to frighten me; but
I neither saw outward way for it, nor did I feel the heart
made willing; but as I have so often found when there is a
real "putting forth," way is made within and without; so it
has been now, all my sweet flock are, I trust, carefully provided for; not only outward way has been made, but the
willing heart also granted, and I had remarkably sweet peace
and relief in being willing to give up to it; such an evidence
that I think it remains undoubted in my mind. Friends appeared to feel much unity with me, which was a help. My




1818.]     LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                 293
beloved brother Joseph, and sister Jane, joining me, has been
much cause for humble thankfulness; it has made, what would
have been very hard to flesh and blood, comparatively sweet
and easy; we are a united band in spirit and in nature;
Joseph a very great help in the ministry. I think he is, and
will yet be more abundantly, an instrument of honour in his
Master's hand.  We have sat four Meetings, visited several
families of Friends, and inspected many prisons, which is one
of our objects. In our religious services, our gracious Helper
has appeared very near; we have gone on in them with much
nearness and unity; we know the blessed truth that, as we
abide in Christ, we are one in Him.  I have felt, at seasons,
as leaving all for my Master's sake, and setting out without
much of purse or scrip: but how bountifully I am provided
for, internally and externally; the Great Shepherd of the
sheep has been near to me in spirit, as strength in my
weakness, riches in my poverty, and a present helper in the
needful time; I may say,"Are these Thy favours day by day,
To me above the rest?
Then let me love Thee more than they,
And try to serve Thee best."
Conflicts have attended, and no doubt will attend me; but I
look upon it as an honour, a favour, and a blessing, even to
suffer in the Lamb's army, if we may but be of the number
of his soldiers, who fight the good fight of faith, and are, in
any degree, permitted to promote the cause of truth and
righteousness upon earth.
Aberdeen, 29th. —I have felt low upon arriving here; five
hundred miles from my beloved husband and children; but
a good account of them is cause for thankfulness, still it is a
deeply weighty thing, and I have to try my ground again and
again.  In almost every new place, the language of my spirit
is, Why am I here? At this place we find several other
Friends, also travelling in the ministry, which makes me feel




294        LIFE OF ELIZABETH FRY.                [1818
it the more; but as my coming is not of my own choice, or
my own ordering, I desire to leave it; and to commit myself,
my spirit and body, and all that is dear to me, absent and
present, to Christ my Redeemer. We visited the old Barclay
seat, at Ury, where our mother's forefathers once lived. How
great the change from what it once was!
Stonehaven, Ninth Month, 2nd.-We left Aberdeen this
afternoon, having finished our services there, and at Kinmuck, where several Friends reside.  Other Friends besides
ourselves being at Aberdeen, certainly tended to increase my
exercise, for fear of the ministry not going on well, or by not
keeping in our ranks; but I think that we were enabled
to do so, and although much passed, yet we had cause for
thankfulness, inasmuch as there appeared to be harmonious
labour for the advancement of truth, and the spreading
thereof. Our General Meeting at Aberdeen was ended under a feeling of quiet peace; but fears crept in for myself,
that I had fallen away a little as to life in the truth, and
power in the ministry, for I did not experience that overflowing power which I have sometimes done at such seasons;
still gracious help was granted me from season to season.
The day after the General Meeting, we went to Kinmuck,
about fifteen miles north of Aberdeen; a short time after our
arrival there, before I went to Meeting, such a feeling of
suffering came over me as I can hardly express; it appeared
only nervous, as I was so well in body, that I could not
attribute it to that; it continued exceedingly upon sitting
down in Meeting, and led me into deep strong supplication,
that the enemy might by no means deceive us, or cause
our ministry to be affected by anything but the holy
anointing.  I feared if this awful state had to do with
those present, that I should have something very close to
express; if only with myself, I considered that it might be a
refining trial. However, Joseph knelt down, in the beginning of the Meeting, as well as myself, and afterwards he
spoke as if he felt it necessary to warn some to flee from their




1818.]      LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRP.              295
evil ways, and frcm the bondage of Satan.  This tended to
-my relief; but it appeared as if I must follow him, and rise
with these words, " The sorrows of death compassed me
about, the pains of hell gat hold upon me;" then enlarging
upon the feeling I had of the power of the enemy, and the
absolute need there is to watch, to pray, and to flee unto
Christ, as our only sure refuge and deliverer; I had to
show that we might be tried and buffeted by Satan, as a
further trial of faith and of patience, but that if we did not
yield to him, it would only tend to refinement. After a time
I felt greatly relieved, but what seemed remarkable was, that
neither Joseph nor I dared to leave the Meeting, without once
more bowing the knee for these dear Friends; but after all
this very deep and remarkable exercise, a solemn silence
prevailed, really as if truth had risen into dominion; and
after my making some such acknowledgment in testimony,
that our low estate had been regarded, that our souls could
then magnify the Lord, and our spirits rejoice in God our
Saviour, that light had risen in obscurity, and darkness had,
in measure, become as the noon-day, and the encouragement
it was for us to run with patience the race that was set before
us, &c., the Meeting concluded; and I think upon shaking
hands with the Friends, there hardly appeared an eye that
had not been weeping amongst those that were grown up.
This whole exercise was very remarkable, in a nice little
country Meeting, and the external so fair; but afterwards we
heard of one or two painful things, one in particular; we
visited nearly all the families, were pleased with some of
them: their mode of living truly humble, like our cottagers.
The next day we had a Meeting with a few Friends in
Aberdeen, where the exercise was not very great, and the
flow in the ministry sweet, and I trust powerful. We parted
from our beloved old friends, John and Elizabeth Wigham,
their children, and children's children, and are now on our
way to Edinburgh.
_atwick, 13th —I may thankfully acknowledge being so
far on our way, but our journey through life is (a little like a




296        LIFE  OF ELIZABETH FRY.             [1818.
common journey; we may, after a day's travelling, lie down
and rest, but we have on the morrow to set off again upon
our travels: so I find my journey in life, I am not unfrequently permitted to come, for a short time, to a sweet,
quiet resting-place; but I find that I soon have to set forth
again. I was glad and relieved in leaving Aberdeen, and
then a fresh work began in Edinburgh; on Seventh-day, we
visited the prisons, accompanied by some gentlemen, the
Lord Provost and others.  Here we were much interested.
On First-day, we went in the morning to Meeting, and were
favoured to do well, many were not Friends; and what were
my feelings in the evening, to find a considerable number of
people, quite a Public Meeting. It gave me a great deal of
alarm, but we had a good Meeting, and I trust the cause was
exalted. The morning before we came away, about eighteen
gentlemen and ladies came to breakfast with us, amongst
them Sir George and Lady Grey, good people, whom I have
long wished to know: we had, after breakfast, a solemn time.
Alexander Cruickshank read, and afterwards I knelt down,
and I think we were drawn together in love and unity of
spirit. We arrived at Glasgow that evening, and the next
day visited the prisons, and formed a Ladies' Committee.
We visited some families the next day, and accompanied by
several gentlemen, magistrates, and others, we again went to
the Bridewell and Prison, where I had to start the Committee
in their proceedings; it was awful to me, having to bow the
knee for a blessing, before so many who were strangers to
our ways, but blessed be the Lord, the power of truth appeared to be over all, so that I remembered these words,'" Rejoice not that the spirits are made subject unto you, but
rather rejoice that your names are written in heaven." We
had two Meetings, one in the morning for Friends, but many
others came, and one, to my deep humiliation, in the evening,
for the public; awful work as it was, we were favoured to
get through well, and to leave Glasgow with clear minds.
We have since travelled through great part of Cumberland,




1818.]    LIFE OF ELIZABETH FRY.                  297
attended many Meetings there, some very important ones,
and some highly favoured by the Presence and the Power of
the Most High; thence to Kendal.
At Liverpool was the next Meeting we attended, it was a
large public one, and so it has been in many places. I deeply
felt it, I hardly dared to raise my eyes because of the feathers
and ribbons before me; however, best help was afforded, to
my very great relief and consolation; truth appeared to be
in great dominion. After a sweet uniting time with the
Benson family, we left Liverpool for Knowsley, the seat of
the Earl of Derby, as we had a pressing invitation from Lady
Derby; we were received with the utmost kindness and
openness by all this very large household; a palace was now
our allotment; a cottage has been so during our journey.
MIy internal feeling was humiliation and self-abasement.
IKnowsley, 24th.- Here we are, all the family about to be
collected for a religious opportunity; Lord, be pleased to be
with us, to own us by Thy life-giving presence, and help us,
by Thy Spirit, for it is a very awful time.  Make us, Thy
unworthy children, fit for Thy service, and touch our lips as
with a live coal from Thy altar, for we are unworthy to take
Thy great and ever-excellent name into our mouths; Thou,
Lord, only knowest the state of Thy unworthy servant: help
her infirmities, blot out her transgressions, and enable her to
show forth thy praise, if consistent with Thy Holy Will, that
all may be more abundantly converted unto Thee, and brought
into the knowledge of Thy beloved Son, Christ Jesus our
Lord!
Sheffield, 26th.-After writing the above, I was summoned
into the dining-room, where the family were assembled-I
should think, in all, nearly a hundred. My beloved brother
read the third chapter of John; there was then a solemn
pause, and I found it my place to kneel down, praying for a
blessing upon the house and family, and giving thanks for
the mercies bestowed upon them; particularly in the time of
their affliction, in having been supported by the everlasting
88




298        LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.               [1818.
Arm; and prayer arose for its being sanctified to them.
The large party appeared humbled and tendered-then
dearest Joseph arose, and was greatly helped by the power
of the Spirit-I followed him with a few words. Many of
the party were in tears; some exceedingly affected. Joseph
then knelt down, greatly helped; the service principally fell
upon him. After he rose, I remindedthem of the words of
our blessed Redeemer, " that whosoever giveth a disciple a
cup of cold water in the name of a disciple, shall receive a
disciple's reward;" this, I said, I humbly trusted would be
their case. I also alluded to their servants' kindness in the
same way.  Thus ended this memorable occasion.  It was
like what we read of in Friends' journals formerly, when the
power appeared to be over all in a very extraordinary manner.  I remember in John Richardson's journal some such
an account.  So it is,-and this is not, and cannot be, our
own work; surely it is the Lord's doing, and marvellous in
our eyes!
Earlhain, Tenth jfonth, 6th. —Once more arrived at this
interesting place, that has so long been a home to me. I will
go back to where I left off.  Our visit to Sheffield was an
important one; I had so deeply to feel for a beloved Friend,
who has long been a mother in Israel, under heavy family
affliction.  Oh, what I felt for her in Meeting, and out of
Meeting, I cannot describe; my spirit was in strong intercession for her preservation and support, under these deep
tribulations.  WVe had a favoured meeting in the morning,
though I had indeed to go through the depths before I ascended the heights.  By the desire of my dear brother, we
had a Public Meeting in the evening, which was well got
through, but not without suffering.  We then proceeded
to York; I can hardly express how deeply I felt entering
that Quarterly M[eeting; "fears gat hold upon me," still
hope arose underneath, that this end of our services, as to
our northern journey, would crown all-and so I think it
proved-not only from service to service, and from Meeting




1818.]      LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.               299
to Meeting, did the holy, blessed, anointing Power, appear
to be abundantly poured forth upon the speakers, but upon
the hearers also; that where I feared most, I found least to
fear; such unity of spirit, such a flow of love and life, as
quite refreshed, encouraged, and comforted my soul. I
was much rejoiced to find so many fathers and mothers
amongst them.  "Bless the Lord, 0 my soul! and all that
is within me bless His holy name."-"Praise and exalt
Him, above all for ever," might then have been the language
of my soul.
We travelled on to Lynn, and there my brother with his
dear Jane left me. At the Meetings there, I felt as if I had
to minister almost, without the power, and yet that I must
yield to the service; but I was so fearful and weak, at both
Meetings, that truth did not appear in dominion, perhaps I
found the change after York, and I missed my dear brother
Joseph.  I often minister as if in bonds, this is very humbling-so many fears, so many doubts arising; this was the
case in nearly all my services during the day.
In the course of this northern journey, J. J. Gurney and
his sister had visited the prisons of the several towns through
which they passed.   They found them to be generally
in a condition of the most disgraceful neglect-and the
hardships, and even cruelty, endured by the inmates, were
harrowing in the extreme to the tender nature of Elizabeth
Fry.
But the cases of the poor lunatics, confined in some of
those abodes of misery, made above all a most powerful impression on her heart, and induced a sympathy, with such as
were afflicted with this heaviest of physical maladies, that
continued deeply to influence her feelings through life.
The results of their observations were published in a
pamphlet-"-Notes on a Visit to Prisons, &c., by J. J.
Gurney and Elizabeth Fry.
To such persons as were interested in Prison Reform, this




800          LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                [1818.
book afforded much matter for reflection.  Whilst they deplored the evils described, they rejoiced that they should
be brought to light-as the first step towards their being
remedied.
The voice of Elizabeth Fry was heard, and her appeals
were promptly responded to.  Her brother, in writing of this
northern journey, says: " She exhibited a perfect tact and
propriety in her transactions;" she well knew, "when in
the pursuit of such objects, how to soothe all asperities, influence all parties, and overcome the greatest difficulties."
In confirmation of which, some passages may be quoted from
a letter, written by a Scotch lady, who attended Elizabeth
Fry when she visited the prisons at Glasgow:"' She found our prisons very badly managed," &c., and "has
left a letter for the magistrates.  She had an interview with them,
and this evening a number of ladies met at the Bridewell. She told
them, with much simplicity, what had been done at Newgate. She
entered into pleasant conversation with every one, and all were
delighted when she offered to speak a little to the poor women.
But the keeper of the Bridewell said he feared it was a dangerous
experiment; that they never, but by compulsion, listened to reading,
and were generally disposed to turn any thing of the kind into ridi.
cule. She said that she was not without fears of this happening,
but she thought it right to attempt it.  The women, about a hundred, were then assembled in a large room, and we went in, misdoubting and anxious.  She took off her bonnet, and sat down on a
low seat fronting the women; then looking at them with a kind,
conciliating eye, yet an eye that met every eye there, she said,' I
had better just tell you what we are come about.' She told them,
she had to deal with a great number of poor women, sadly wicked,
and in what manner they were recovered from evil.  Her language
was seriptural,-always referring to our Saviour's promises, and
cheering with holy hope these dissolute beings.' Would not you
like to turn from that which is wrong?  Would not you like for
ladies to visit you and speak comfort to you, and help you to become better?  Surely you would tell them your griefs; they who
have done evil have many sorrows.' As she read to them the




1818.]      LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                     301'Rules,' asking them, if approved, to hold up their hands, all hands
were upraised, and, as soon as she spoke, tears began to flow. One
very beautiful girl near me had her eyes swimming with tears,
and her lips moved, as if following Mrs. Fry.  One old woman,
who held her Bible, we saw clasping it with emotion as she became
more and more impressed.  The hands were ready to rise at every
pause, and these callous and obdurate offenders were withone consent bowed before her.  Then she took the Bible, and read the
parables of the lost sheep, the piece of silver, and the prodigacl son.
"It is impossible for moe to express to you the effect of her saintly
voice, while speaking such blessed words.  She often paused, and
looked at the poor women with a sweetness that won their confidence, applying with beauty and taste all the parts of the story to
them, and in a manner I never before heard, and particularly the
words'  His father saw him when he was yet afar off.' A solemn
pause succeeded the reading.  Then, resting the large Bible on the
ground, we saw her on her knees before them.  Her prayer was
devout and soothing, and her musical voice, in the peculiar, sweet
tones of the Quakers, seemed like the voice of a mother to her
suffering child.
"In the prison of Glasgow, the emotions were much more varied
than at Bridewell-astonishing repugnance, and, in some instances,
obstinate resistance to listen; in others, anxious desire to accept
her aid. She read and conversed with them, and the proposal of
work, was, in general, greedily received.  IHow different were the
impressions in the varied figures before her! One old woman,
with the appearance of a menial servant and hardened features,
said,'No! no use work!' But these rugged lines were at length
relaxed, and I saw a tear fall over the brown visage.  But it was
not the prisoners alone: for there was not a man in the room unmoved."
J. J. Gurney and Elizabeth Fry received many letters after
the "Notes" were published-many opinions and suggestions were offered-some objections were raised-but there
were individuals, and they were not few in number, nor
unimportant in influence, who simply encouraged them  in
their researches, and expressed warm desires for the eventual
success of the cause they espoused. Among these letters,
one from the Countess Harcourt may be cited, as showing




302        LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.              [1819.
the impression made on persons who possessed much of the
power needful to apply remedial measures.
"My dear and most respected friend,
"It is impossible to have read the excellent publication,
giving an account of your tour with Mr. Gurney, without
being most anxious to express the satisfaction Lord HSarcourt
and I received from the work. Hie read it to me, and there
was scarcely a page at which we did-not stop, to exclaim our
admiration of the justness of the remarks, and our earnest
wishes that they might prove the means of ameliorating the
system of our prisons.  We felt that each word gave conviction to our minds; and the beauty of the style, certainly
added to the gratification of reading it.  Oh! my good
friend, what a blessed tour you have made, and may Heaven
reward your wonderful exertions, by making them effectual
to the purpose intended.
"I ought not to use the word envy, but I cannot help
feeling the great difference between the manner in which
your life is spent and my own. You ought indeed to be
thankful that it has pleased God'to put into your mind good
desires,' and to have given you health to go through such
arduous undertakings."
The Countess HIarcourt then proceeds to mention several
of the Royal Family, to whom copies of the " Notes " were
sent by her; and the desire of the Princesses to receive a
visit from Elizabeth Fry.
l:iildrecd's Court, First MqIontfh, 17th, 1819.-I returned
home yesterday from leaving my dearest boys at Darlington.
My journey was certainly a favoured and an encouraging
one.  The situation for my beloved boys appears very safe
and desirable. I had abundant kindnes3 and unity shown
me, particularly by my dearest sister Rachel.  I came home
to many troubles and anxieties, also certainly to many com



1818.]     LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                   303
forts and blessings; but ah! gracious Lord, be pleased to
conduct me safely through the difficulties that surround
me, and give neither me, nor mine, over to the will of our
enemies.
The great and varied exertions, to which the duties of
Elizabeth Fry subjected her, proved too much for her physical strength; and her health became seriously affectedshe was, in consequence, under the necessity of yielding to
the wish of her family and friends, by spending some weeks
in Sussex, chiefly at Brighton.
On becoming somewhat recruited in strength, she wrote
as follows:Brighton, Fourth Jonzth, 8th.-I have once more been to
Mleeting-on First day morning, on Third day, the first
meeting of the Quarterly Meeting on Fourth day, and also
to the Monthly Meeting.  It was sweet and refreshing, to
assemble with some of the outward church.  In abundant
mercy, strength was granted in my great weakness, yet once
more to show forth the praise of Israel's Shepherd; deep as
my late conflicts have been, all appears intended renewedly
to stimulate and encourage myself, as well as others, to run
with fresh diligence the race that is set before us.  The
language of my heart is, " Though he slay me, yet will I
trust in Him." A wonderful calm has been granted me
after a very awful, and to my fearful nature, terrible storm.
I have through unmerited mercy, had such a sweetness and
serenity over me, that the cares and sorrows of life have been
almost hidden from my view, and I have hardly felt able even
to look at them. These are the dealings of a kind Providence
to an unworthy child.  He has shown His power in casting
down and raising up, in wounding and making whole, blessed
be His name for ever.  And oh! dearest Lord, whenever
Thou mayst be pleased to lay me low again, lift up, I beseech
Thee, a standard against the enemy of my soul, that he over



304        LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.             [1819.
come me nlot; and when I cannot help myself, be Thou my
help and my strength. And I reverently return Thee thanks,
that Thou, gracious Lord, hast manifested Thyself to be my
deliverer, that Thou hast once more broken my bonds asunder, brought my poor soul out of prison, and not given me
over to the will of my enemies; but in Thine abundant
mercy, delivered me from my fears, and I humbly trust,
established my goings, and put a new song in my mouth,
even praises to Thee, my God; Amen, and Amen.
During her stay at Brighton, Elizabeth Fry had the gratification of receiving from the female prisoners in Newgate
some very satisfactory letters, bespeaking much grateful
feeling, and she wrote the following answer:Brighton, Fiourtth MJotth, 4th, 1819.
To the female prisoners in Newgate, more particularly to
those who are likely to leave their native land, perhaps never
to return to it.
Although it has pleased the Almighty, that for some time
I should be separated from you by illness, yet you have often
been in my affectionate remembrance, accompanied with
anxious desires for your good. I am fully sensible that
many of you claim our pity and most tender compassion,
that many have been your temptations, many your afflictions,
and what we may most pity you for, is, that in the time of
temptation you have yielded to what is wrong, and so given
yourselves over to the will of the enemy of your souls!
But mournful as your state is, yet you may have hope, and
that abundantly; if you only seek to repent, to return from
the error of your ways, and live unto God. Remember these
words, " Christ came into the world to save sinners," and
that "He is able to save to the very uttermost those who
come unto God by HIim, seeing that He ever liveth to make
intercession for them." Therefore, let me intreat you before
it is too late, to come unto Christ, to seek Him with your




1819.]    LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                 305
heart, and to submit yourselves unto Him and His righteous
law-for He knows all your thoughts and all your desires,
and is willing and ready to receive you, to heal your
backslidings, and to love you freely.  Hte was said to be
the Friend of sinners, and those will indeed find Him their
friend, who look to Him  and obey Him-He will enable
such to forsake the evil of their ways, and to do that which
is acceptable in His sight.  Do you not remember in the
parable of the Prodigal Son, that when he was yet afar oqfr
the Father saw him, had compassion on him, and even went
out to meet him. So I doubt not, you would find it, even
samre of you who are now afar off from what is good, if you
are only willing to return; you would find yourselves met by
your Lord, even with great compassion, and He would do
more for you than you could ask or think. I feel much love
for you, and much desire for your own sakes, for the sake
of others, and for our sakes, who are willing to do what
vwe can to serve you, that you would thus in heart seek
the Lord, and prove your love to Him, and your repentance, by your good works and by your orderly conduct. I was much grieved at the little disturbance amongst
you the other day, but I was pleased with the letter written
me by those who were engaged in it, and I quite forgive
them. Let me entreat you, whatever trying, or even provoking things may happen, to do so no more, for you sadly
hurt the cause of poor prisoners by doing so, I may say
all over the Kingdom; and you thus enable your enemies to
say, that our plans of kindness do not answer, and therefore,
they will not let others be treated kindly. Before I bid you
farewell, I will tell you that I am not without a hope of
seeing you before long, even before the poor women go to
the Bay, but if I do not, may the blessing of the Lord go
with you when on the mighty deeps, and in a strange land.
What comfort would a good account of you give us, who
are so much interested for you, and in case I should not see
you, I have two things particularly to mention to you and
39




306        LIFE  OF ELIZABETH FRY.    C1819.
guard you against —things that I believe have brought most
of you to this prison. The one is giving way to drinking
too much, the other is freedom with men. I find I can
most frequently trace the fall of women to these two things,
therefore let me beseech you to watch in these respects, and
let your modesty and sobriety appear before all; and that
you may grow in these and every other Christian virtue and
grace, is the sincere desire and prayer of your affectionate
friend, and sincere well-wisher,
ELIZABETH FRY.
We return to the journal.
Ninth JMonth, 6th. —Since I last wrote, I parted from my
beloved boys for school, John, William and Joseph. I felt a
good deal in giving them up, but, at the same time, believing
it to be a right thing, I humbly trust that the blessing of the
Most HIigh will be with them.  My dearest sister Priscilla
has been very dangerously ill, raising blood from the lungs,
which has brought me into great feeling and conflict. As I
mostly find the case in nursing, it has caused me afresh to see
my own unworthiness; so little do I feel able to administer
spiritual help, so hard is it to my nature, particularly when
under discouragement, to wait upon my gift, or to give it its
free course; but I may thankfully acknowledge, that I appeared to be a great comfort, help, and strength to her,
indeed her dependence was so close. upon me, that I could
not leave the house night or day, for any length of time.
I1er state appeared to be indeed a bright and a very blessed
one; so calm, so gentle, so humble, and so much resigned to
live, or to die. Since I have left her sick room, sorrow and
deep discouragement have been my portion, from the extreme
difficulty of doing right towards those most near; it does
appear, at times, impossible for me, but most likely, this arises
from want of more watchfulness, and more close abiding in'he Light and the Life of our Lord. Ahen I exercise a




1819.]     LIFE OF ELIZABETH FRY.                   807
watchful care from seeing the dangers that attend some, it
seems to give the greatest pain, and so causes me the deepest
discouragement.  Still, yesterday, in the great, in the bitter
sorrow of my heart, I found, in a remarkable manner, the
power of my Redeemer near, even helping by His own good
Spirit and presence.  When I felt almost ready to sink-and
my footsteps indeed ready to slip-then the Lord held me up.
In the first place, after a very little while, from having been
deeply wounded, my heart overflowed with love and forgiveness towards the one who had pained me; I felt what would
I not do for the individual? and a most anxious desire, if I
had missed it, to make it up by every thing in my power.
Thus, when I had feared discouragements would have almost
overwhelmed my spirit, there was such a calming, blessed,
and cheering influence came over my heart, that it was like
the sick coming to our Saviour formerly, and being immediately healed; so that I was not even able to mourn over my
calamity.  It appeared as if " the HIoly One who inhabiteth
Eternity" would not give me over to the will of my enemies.
Perhaps few will read the preceding extract, without perceiving something of the deep and hidden sorrow, which
often weighed down the spirit, and preyed also on the bodily
frame, of this precious follower of the Lamb. Ib is not
needful to attempt to penetrate the veil that conceals, from
the eye of the stranger, the circumrstances that rendered her
path of life a tribulated one: it is enough to know that her
perplexities and distresses were endured with meek submission, and a degree of forbearance, that could only be the
effect of that state of watching unto prayer with all perseverance, in which she was so remarkably preserved; and
by which she was kept, through all her mental vicissitudes
as in a region of love.
Jildred's Court, Tent/lh Aonth, 23rd.-Ie-entering our
London life is certainly a serious thing. Much as I have to




308        LIFE OF ELIZABETH FRYT.               [1819.
attend to, and very numerous as my calls are, yet I have
believed that these words should be my motto, Phil. iv. 6, 7,
" Be careful for nothing; but in everything by prayer and
supplication and thanksgiving let your requests be made
known unto God. And the peace of God, which passeth all
understanding, keep yonr hearts and -minds through Christ
Jesus." Now though I may have many trials of faith and
patience, the more I can be without too much carefulness,
and cast all my care on my Lord and Redeemer, the better
I believe it will be for my body and soul; and the better
also for all those with whom I have to do. Dearest Lord,
I pray Thee, help me to abide in this state, that I may dwell
near to Thee in spirit, and amidst all the perplexities of life,
that I may feel Thee to be my Helper, my Comforter, my
Guide and my Counsellor.  Amen.
The weighty responsibilities of Newgate did not preclude
other objects of public interest, to some of which Elizabeth
Fry devoted much attention. Among these, was a "nightly
shelter for the houseless." During the rigorous winter of
1819-20, the sufferings of homeless wanderers called for
prompt relief,-the heart of this Christian philanthropist was
deeply touched by some affecting cases,-in one instance a
little boy, who had in vain begged at many houses for the
few halfpence required to procure admittance to some passage or cellar, was found frozen to death on the step of a
door! An asylum was immediately provided.  It was well
warmed, nutritious soup was prepared night and morning,
with a ration of bread for each of the inmates, who were also
furnished with beds.  Employment, in various ways, was
procured; and the bounty of the public flowed in to encourage the hearts and to strengthen the efforts of benevolent persons, who united in labouring for the management
and success of the establishment.  Many hundreds were,
night after night, admitted-great numbers, who could not
be accommodated at the " Shelter," were supplied with food,




1820.]     LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                  309
clothing, and the means of procuring lodgings elsewhere.
The females were placed under the care of a " Ladies' Committee," with Elizabeth Fry at their head.
She now wrote the following to her sons at school:Mildred's Court, First Month, 19th, 1820.
My dearest John, William and Joseph,
I am sorry that I have not written to you before, to tell
you how much I rejoice at your father's excellent account of
you. I believe no words can express the deep interest I
take in your welfare, and how pleasant it is to me to have
such good accounts of your conduct and learning. I cannot
help hoping that my sons will be my comfort, and may I not
say by their goodness and learning, that they may become
my glory.  My London life is now a very busy one, it is
almost like living in a market or a fair; only that I have
not merchandize to sell.  We see a great variety of company, principally people who are interesting and occupied by
subjects of importance. We lately had an East Indian Missionary, who told us many particulars about the poor Indians:
I think in one province, about seven hundred poor widows
burn themselves every year, when their husbands die. We
expect soon to see the Persian Ambassador, and I mean to
give you an account of him. Believe me, your nearly
attached mother,
E. FRY.
To HER COUSIN, PRISCILLA HANNAH GURNEY.
Mildred's Court-, Second _iontfh, 23rd, 1820.
My very dear Cousin,
I have for some time past wished to write to thee, but it
is very seldom that I can get any quiet opportunity.  I wish
much to hear particulars of thee; I feel that confidence in
our near tie to each other, that I believe communication is
not necessary to keep it up, but I cannot help sometimes




310         LIFE  OR ELIZABETH  FRY.             [1820.
regretting that I have not more opportunity of opening my
heart to one, whom I feel so particularly near and dear to
me, and who I am sure so tenderly sympathises in all my
sorrows, and joys also. I have been favoured with health
this winter, except being at times a little overdone, and
having some cough. My engagements, as usual, are very
numerous. I have, from being on a committee of our Quarterly Meeting, visited some of our Monthly IMeetings, but I
have had no other engagements of that sort. Our prisons
continue to prosper, and Newgate goes on well; it does not
require much of my time, though the many things it introduces me into, occupy me a good deal. And now for my
beloved family; I think that they are going on much the
same as when thou left us; I long to see more of the advancement of the blessed Truth amongst us, but I still hope,
that that day will come. I anxiously desire to be enabled to
do my part, and to walk before my household with a perfect
heart, but this is a great attainment, almost too much for so
weak and unworthy a person to look for.
After mentioning the great comfort she had derived from
hearing good accounts of her boys, then at school, she asks
of her cousin " a little favour."
The children and myself are collecting English shells,
and as my aunt made so fine a collection, we want to know
what is the best book for us to procure, to direct us in our
search, and where, and from what coast, we are most likely
to procure the finest.  We have written to know whether
we cannot buy some in Devonshire. I think this such a
good object for the children, and nice amusement for us all
in London, where we have not the garden and flowers to
enjoy, that I endeavour to cultivate it.'The flowers of the garden; the shells of the ocean;
The coralline branches, which sea-weeds entwine;




1820.]       LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                311
The stars that gleam o'er us;
The light forms before us,
That flit in the sunbeams —all, Father, are thine;
All tell us of Thee, and for Thee claim devotion.'
Thy nearly attached Cousin,
ELIZABETH FRY.
After the arduous exertions, and varied interests of this
winter, it was no small relief to Elizabeth Fry to be again
with her family in the retirement of Plashet; although her
enjoyment was soon to be clouded by peculiar and affecting
family sorrows, as well as by domestic solicitudes. Her
much valued brother and sister Buxton, were plunged into
deep affliction, through the removal by death of four lovely
children, within the short space of five weeks; this most
touching event called forth Elizabeth Fry's tenderest sympathy, and her unwearied exertion in nursing these darling
objects of affectionate care.
Plaskhet House, Fourth Mionth, 26th.-My time has been
so exceedingly occupied as to prevent my writing, but I have
gone through a great deal. My dearest brother and sister
Buxton being so heavily afflicted, has brought me into very
deep conflict, in short almost inexpressible; still, through all,
we may acknowledge that we have found the Lord to be
gracious, for assuredly He has been very near to help and
support.  Dearest Lord, we pray Thee, continue to have
mercy upon us all; and at this time of great sorlow, to
regard us in our low estate, and to increase our faith, according to its trial. Amen.
Fifth Month, 3rd. —Hard, very hard, as this trial has been,
and is, yet there is abundant cause to bless, praise, and magnify the great and excellent name of our Lord, both for having
given these precious children, and then taking them through
His redeeming love into His kingdom of Light, Life, Peace,
and Glory. But what a proof, that our hearts must not be
set upon any temporal things.




312         LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                [1820
The visits to the prisoners, and the labours for their reformation, were continued with undiminished assiduity, and the
impression made on the public mind became even increasingly
intense. The Scripture readings were still frequented by
great numbers.  Many persons have described these occasions; perhaps none more graphically than the writer of
the following interesting narrative, which has been kindly
sent to the Compiler, with the subjoined notice by the Lady
Elizabeth Waldegrave:" Account of a visit to Newgate, June 2d, 1820, written by the
late Hon. Mrs Waldegrave, for her mother, lady Elizabeth
Whitbread, on whose death, in 1846, it was sent to me.
" ELIZABETH WALDEGRAVE, Jun.' 4, Harley Street, London,
March 2d, 1852."'"JTune 2nd, 1820. —We reached Newgate at half-past ten, and
waited with the rest of the company in a small room up stairs; in
the way to it we passed through several wards, in which the most
perfect stillness prevailed; these were the former scenes of all the
riot and confusion of which we had heard so much.
" After waiting a short time, Mrs. Fry entered, saluting everybody in the most dlignified manner. The female convicts, forty in
number, came in upon a bell being rung, auend took their seats at
one end of the room with perfect order-the monitors sitting on
the first bench, and the others in classes behind; each had her
work, at which she employed herself till 3Mrs. Fry began reading.
They had ivory tickets round their necks with numbers on them.
c" Mrs. Fry arranged a large old Bible on her desk, and sat downher voice was so gentle'that we wondered we could hear what she
said, but remarkably mild and sweet.  She began by requesting
their attention.-' I am desirous that your attention should be, as
much as possible, undclividedc-notwithstanding our being subject
to-day to the interruptions of company, it is equally important that
your minds should be fixed on what I say-praying that the Holy
Spirit may enlighten your understanding.  I am going to read the
4th chapter of Paul's Epistle to the Ephesians.' They all laid
aside their work, most of them fixed their eyes on the ground, and




1820.]       LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY                       313
we. touldc not observe that more than twro or three looked about
afterwards till she had done reading.  She read the chapter slowly
and impressively-the 6th, 28th, and 32nd verses appeared to affect
them deeply —every word that she uttered seemed to be written in
her own heart.  She then turned to the book of Psalms.  After a
moment's pause, she turned back to the chapter which she had
been reading, and said,' I was going to read a Psalm, but I thought
I should be best satisfied to say a word on the chapter I have
been reading; the greater part of it is so simple and clear, that
a very little endeavour on your part will enable you to understand
it; but there is one expression which perhaps may be'obscure:'One Lord, one Faith, one Baptism.' If you look only at the
external, you might say, so many different opinions prevail, people are so divided as to what they think ought to be believed, how
can they be said to have one faith? I have always viewed it very
differently:'One Lord,'-yea, and have not all Christians the
same Lord, which is Christ? and while we acknowledge him our
Master, look to him for our justification, follow his precepts, obey
his commandments, love him, serve him, —he is our Lord-he is
the'one Lord' of all who tlhus acknowledge him  their head.Again,' one Faith' —there is a diversity of opinions, but only one
true and saving Faith, the Faith which lives in the heart; and
becomes evident by its fruits, which lays hold of the promises,
which actuates to all godliness, and produces the blessed effects of
a holy life. This one true, saving faith, is common to all Christians-how exceedingly soever they may seem to differ. So also,'one Baptism': Christians may differ as to the manner of administering the Baptism of water, nay, though some even dispense with
that altogether, yet there is one spiritual baptism of the heart,the Spirit of God, sanctifying and renewing the heart, and creating
it after God, in righteousness and true holiness. In this manner
we have all' one Lord, one Faith, one Baptism; one God and
Father of all, who is above all, and through all, and in you all.'
What a sweet bond of unity is this, where we are not only brethren
in this world, but may hope to meet in Heaven, there to give glory
to Him with one accord, for ever and for evermore.'
" Mrs. Fry then read the 86th Psalm, at the end of which, a brother
Quaker said a few words of exhortation to all present, to join in Prayer
on behalf of the poor sufferers contained in these walls, and not
to be unmindful that all were sinners, all under one condemnation.
40




314          LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                 [1820.
" She then knelt down, and prayed so beautiful a Prayer,-with
such fervency, so rich a flow of ideas, and such perfect command
of Scripture language to clothe them in, that it is impossible to
convey an idea of its beauty-the chaunt, in which the Quakers
recite their prayers, gave it a very singular, but very impressive
effect; for her voice is good, and when exerted, very strong and
clear. This, after a few words from one of the company, concluded
the service-the women retired in perfect order, each class separately, with its monitor from the front row; all making courtesies
as they left the room.  Mrs. Fry, in the course of some conversation with Lord Albemarle, said, that she believed the coolness she
had experienced from Lord Sidmouth, to. have originated in too
anxious a desire on her part to save the life of a condemned woman; which had induced her to speak to the Duke of Gloucester
on the subject, after Lord Sidmouth had refused to interfere;
by which she believed that she had given offence, that she
thought they had been wrong and had urged it too far; that at
first they had free communication with the Secretary of State's
office, but that it had been closed for some time.
" She said that her success surprised herself as much as it did
others-that a very remarkable Providence had attended all her
efforts-she had never seen the Bible received as it had been there.'Ten years ago,' said she,' when it occurred to me to make trial, I
went with a young Friend into one of the wards, in which the
greatest riot and confusion prevailed. I went in with my Bible
in my hand, and told them I was come to read the Scriptures;
they all flocked round me, and I am convinced many had never
heard them before-it seemed to be glad tidings to them-all were
attentive.  I had been warned to take off such things as could possibly be stolen, but no attempt of the kind was made; if I dropped
anything, it was picked up and brought to me. I felt rather
alarmed at first, at the idea of being shut up with these poor cratures, but I was preserved through it.'
" She said that some remarkable things had happened for her encouragement: one, which occurred lately she related,-' A woman,
who was one of the lowest of the low-a thief, a drunkard, and in
every way as bad as possible, was committed to Newgate. On the
first day that she attended (the reading) I happened to read the
parable of the prodigal son; she was much affected by it, and the




1820.]      LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                   315
next day, I received from her a letter, (she could write,) in which
she expressed her thankfulness to God that, through our instrumentality, a new way had been opened before her-that she was like
the prodigal son, and it seemed as if God had seen her afar offthat she prayed to be enabled to hold fast the hope she felt-all in this
strain. We made her our school-mistress, and during the whole term
of her imprisonment, I never knew her break one rule, or be guilty of
the smallest impropriety of speech or behaviour.  When they quit
Newgate, we support them from our fund, till they are otherwise
provided for-in consequence of illness, she remained for some time
dependent on us.  WVe received a message fiom  her, requesting
that we would, if possible, obtain her admittance into some workhouse, where, if we could furnish her with a little tea and
sugar, she should be much happier than now, for that she was miserable at the idea of diminishing that fund, which might be the
means of rescuing other poor creatures from the state she had herself been in. We got her into a workhouse, where she lately died,
one of the most peaceful, happy deaths; the only pain she experienced was, from none of us being present, that she might have
expressed to us her gratitude for the benefit she had derived through
our means. Another young woman, too, of the same character, is
lately dead; she lived well, and died well.'
" We went afterwards through part of the prison, but in a very
unsatisfactory manner, owing to the number of persons present.
She said that one proof of essential good being done, was, that,
whereas the returns used to be 30 per cent., they are now less
than 4."
The readers of this volume will doubtless contemplate with
interest, such engagements in the prison as that which has
just been described; but they will not easily conceive the
astonishment excited in many an actual spectator of the scene.
Evidences of the Christian philanthropy and devotedness of
woman, had rarely been wont to arrest popular attention;
and the English people, as they now are performing their
part on the stage of life, can but faintly imagine the state
of public feeling, as it existed at the time when Elizabeth Fry commenced her arduous work. A mighty change
has passed over the religious sentiments of the nation since




316        LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.               [1820.
the close of the last century.  That was a time when,
notwithstanding that witnesses for the truth were preserved
among the different Christian communities-as " the salt of
the earth"-the sceptical principles of French philosophy
had become, under the influence of the grand agent of evil,
who transforms himself into the semblance " of an angel of
light," the means of dazzling the minds of great numbers,
particularly of the democratic class, and of plunging many
into the vortex of infidelity, whilst those who moved in the
nmore fashionable walks of life, were generally immersed in
dissapition, or devoted to politics and war. Few comparatively, of this class were disposed to listen to the claims of
the gospel; and when a Porteus, a Wilberforce, and some
other excellent men, uttered a serious appeal to the public
mind, on the high importance of its truths, and on the solemn
responsibility that rested on all to obey its practical injunctions, the truly patriotic effort was too often met by cold
indifference, or even by ridicule.  The writings of Hannah
ifore, though frequently little regarded by many to whom
they were especially addressed, and who, by this vain world,
would be estimated as the great and noble, were, however,
beginning to exercise a salutary influence on the more
thoughtful amongst the different ranks of the people; and
the present century dawned on the nation with the sunshine
of hope; and many persons were becoming impressed, not
only with the importance of individually accepting the truths
of Divine revelation, but with the duty of extensively using
them, as being, under the direction of the Holy Spirit, the
only weapon that could be effectually wielded in the counteraction of evil: the organization of the Bible Society was
the result of this conviction; and a gradual, but sure revolution was effected in public opinion.  Even from  those
circles where vice and debauchery had reigned triumphant,
an influence was seen to emanate, that proclaimed itself on
the side of virtue: and the manner in which the religious
labours of Elizabeth Fry, for the conversion of sin-degraded




1820.]     LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                 317
souls, were hailed by all classes, more especially by persons
of the highest rank and intelligence, evinced the increase of
power to appreciate the relative value of those objects that
belong only to this transitory state of existence, compared
with the infinitely important interests of immortality. And,
whilst the deep impression, made on many hearts, through
the instrumentality of this divinely-gifted woman, bespoke
the onward progress of that regenerating principle, which
alone can secure the happiness and well-being of man, her
heaven-directed efforts gave, to the operation of this principle,
an impulse, which powerfully stimulated many awakened
minds to " seek those things which are above, where Christ
sitteth at the right hand of God."
In pursuing her engagements at Newgate, Elizabeth Fry
had gradually learned many particulars of the Penal Colony
of New South Wales. She found through a communication
from Samuel Marsden, the chaplain there, that all labours
of her co-adjutors, and her own, all systems of Prison Discipline, all efforts to reform the offender, were absolutely
null and void, and but a wasteful expenditure both of time
and money, so long as the female convicts were without
shelter, without resource, and without protection, on their
arrival in the land of exile. Rations, or a small allowance
of provisions, sufficient to maintain life, they certainly had
allotted them daily: but of any place to sleep in, or the means
to obtain one; or necessary clothing for themselves, and
when mothers, for their children, they were entirely destitute.
It was worse than useless; it was only an aggravation of their
misery to inculcate morality, and to raise the tone and improve the tastes, of these unhappy ones, and above all to impress on them the solemn truth, that,' without Holiness no
man can see the Lord," whilst they were placed in circumstances where existence could be maintained only at the price
of virtue.
Much of this was learned from the prisoners themselves,
but every inquiry made upon the subject, confirmed their




818         LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.             [1820.
statements; and, in order to induce the government to provide a suitable home, and proper employment for these exiled
convicts, much renewed exertion was entailed on Elizabeth
Fry and her companions in the work.
Plas/et, -Eighth Mlgonth. -I may indeed say, dearest Lord,
help me in all my difficulties, regard me in my low estate, and
let me see the lightings up of Thy countenance on my
beloved children. Though I am deeply sensible that, in
bringing to the knowledge of Thyself, Thy ways are not our
ways; and that Thou mayst even permit the poor mind to
wander in darkness and in unbelief for a season, that it may
be more fully prepared to see the beauty of Thy light, to
rejoice in the appearance of the dary-star from on high, and
to feel the excellency of faith; yet, oh! that in Thy tender
mercy and compassion, Thou wouldst permit Thy unworthy
one to see some fruit of the working of Thy Spirit in her
children, that she might still rejoice and be glad in Thee;
but above all, Lord, strengthen and enable her to cast all her
care upon Thee, and to commit herself, and those most near
and dear to her, to Thy grace and good keeping. I desire
not to forget all Thy benefits, which are many and great,
naturally and spiritually; we are all of us favoured with
health, still, day by day provided for, and some desires
spiritually raised in our hearts after Thyself; and I am also
thankful that Thy blessing is, in so remarkable a manner,
resting on the prison cause, and on our labours for these poor
destitute creatures, that have come under our care. 0 Lord!
be pleased to bless the work of our hands, even in these
things establish Thou it, and if consistent with Thy holy will,
be pleased to bless the labours of Thy poor child at home, as
well as abroad, Amen.
It may be observed that entering in her journal a record
of her thoughts, her desires, her sorrows, and, at times, her
varied and almost opposite reflections and feelings, continued




1820.]     LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                319
to afford relief to her spirit; and was still, as she described
it to be when but a girl, like o]pening her hearst to a friendand, at this date, she adds to the last notice, the following:I think before I conclude this journal, I should express
amongst my many blessings, how much I am enabled to take
pleasure in the various beauties of nature, flowers, shells,
&c., and what an entire liberty I feel to enjoy them; I look
upon these things as sweet gifts, and the power to enjoy them
as a still sweeter. I am often astonished, when my mind is
so exceedingly occupied, and my heart so deeply interested,
how I can turn with my little children to these objects, and
enjoy them with as great a relish as any of them; it is a
wholesome recreation, that I fully believe strengthens the
mind. I mention it as a renewed proof that the allowable
pleasures of life, so far from losing their zest by having the
time and mind much devoted to higher objects. are only
thereby rendered more delightful..
19th. —I have this day been married twenty years; my
heart feels much overwhelmed at the remembrance of it-it
has been an eventful time. I trust that I have not gone
really backwards spiritually, as I think I have in mercy certainly increased in the knowledge of God, and Christ Jesus
our Lord; but this has been through much suffering.  I
doubt my being in so lively a state as ten years ago, when
first coming forth in the ministry; but I believe I may say,
that I love my Lord above all-as far as I know, far above
every natural tie; although, in His infinite wisdom and mercy,
He has been pleased, at times, to look upon me with a frowning Providence.  If I have lately grown at all, it has been in
the root, not in the branch, as there is but little appearance
of good, or fruit, as far as I can see. In the course of these
twenty years, my abode has often been in the valley of deep
humiliation; still the Lord has been my stay, and I may say
through all, dealt bountifully with me; assuredly He has
raised me up from season to season, enabled me to speak well




820        LIrE OF ELIZABETH FRY.    [1820.
of His name, and led me to plead the cause of the poor, and
those that are in bonds, naturally and spiritually.
J\inth Month, 2nd.-Since writing my last journal, I have
had a Minute from my Monthly Meeting, and have been
visiting the Essex Monthly Meetings. I have passed through
deep exercise and travail of spirit in doing it, but thanks be
unto my God, I found help in the needful time, and when
least expected, in unmerited mercy, the holy anointing oil
was once more freely poured forth upon me, so that I was
enabled boldly to declare His doings amongst the people,
and to show forth His marvellous works to the children of
men. I am to-day likely to set out again-Lord, be with
us, I pray Thee! help us, guide us, strengthen us, uphold
us and comfort us, and enable me to leave all with peace and
comfort at home. We are now likely to break up house,
keeping here, for many months; how, and when, we shall
meet together again in this place, and whether ever-our
Lord. only knoweth.
4th.-I returned yesterday from  finishing visiting the
Monthly and Quarterly Meetings in Essex.  I was carried
through the service to my own surprise; I felt so remarkably
low, so unworthy, so unfit, and as if I had little or nothing
to communicate to them, but I was marvellously helped from
Meeting to Meeting; strength so arose with the occasion,
that the fear of man was taken from me, and I was enabled
to declare Gospel truths boldly. This is to me wonderful;
and unbelievers may say what they will, it must be the Lord's
doing, and is marvellous in our eyes-how He strengtheneth
them that have no might, and helpeth those that have no
power. The peace I felt after the services for some days,
seemed to flow like a river, for a time covering all my cares
and sorrows, so that I might truly say, " There is even here
a rest for the people of God."  I am sure, from my own experience, there is nothing whatever in this life, that brings
the same satisfying, heart-consoling feeling.  It is to me a
powerful internal evidence of the truth of revealed religion,




1820.]      LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                321
that it is indeed a substantial truth, not a cunningly devised
fable. My sceptical doubting mind, has been convinced of
the truth of religion, not by the hearing of the ear, but from
what I have really handled, and tasted, and known for myself,
of the word of life, may I not say of the power of God unto
salvation? I visited my most dearly beloved brothers and
sisters at Earlham, towards whom I feel united by bonds inexpressible. My sweet, dear sister Priscilla, continues very
seriously ill, which much melted my heart, but her establishment on Christ, the Rock of Ages, consoled us under every
sorrow.
the Newgate Association having become established, and
three years having tested the success of the plans pursued
there, a Corresponding Committee was formed to answer
inquiries and communicate information.  "Ladies' Associations " were established in several places, and in others one
or two individuals undertook the work of prison visiting; but
some degree of classification, employment, and moral influence, were all that their unassisted endeavours could effect.
To carry out Elizabeth Fry's views, solitude by night, complete classification, unceasing superintendence, compulsory
occupation, regular instruction, and religious influence were
necessary, to produce reformation of character; and to obtain
these advantages, larger prisons, embracing more extensive
districts, and conducted on a system of strict surveillance,
were required.
But Newgate had proved that something might be effected
even under the most unfavourable circumstances.  As applications for information became more numerous, and her
interest in the subject increased, Elizabeth Fry undertook
a journey in the Ninth Month of this year, with the view of
visiting many of the most important prisons in England.
She was accompanied by her husband, and their two elder
daughters.
She had generally letters from official persons, or private
41




322         LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.              [1820.
friends, to the Visiting Magistrates of the prison which she
desired to see. There she would go, accompanied by the
officers of the prison, any magistrates who were disposed to
accompany her, or private individuals interested in the cause.
She would pass from yard to yard, from one ward to another,
addressing the most minute inquiries to the jailor or turnkey;
and calculating the capabilities of the building for the greatest
possible degree of improvement. The result of her observations she almost always stated afterwards, in a letter addressed
to those of local authority.  Besides this, she endeavoured to
form a Committee of Ladies, to visit the female prisoners, or
she strove to induce, at least, one or two to undertake this
Christian duty.  She convinced the judgment of some —she
touched the feelings of others-but seldom failed to bring to
her purpose, such of her own sex as she had selected, as being, in her opinion, suitable for the undertaking.
This journey led to important results, from the increased
experience and knowledge it gave her, and also tended to the
diffusion of both interest and information on the subject of
Prison Discipline.
She thus notices the events of this journey:/Soutthend, Darlington, N.inthl JIMonth, 5tK.-I left home,
after parting with my sweet Chenda, and dearest little ones,
last Sixth-day week. I had much weighty service in Nottingham, and established a Ladies' Association for visiting
prisoners.  Numbers followed me, particularly to Meeting,
but I was helped through, finding grace sufficient in time of
need. I was called away from Sheffield, to attend the funeral
of dear little Jonathan Backhouse, who died rather suddenly
-a sweet boy, about eight years old; a great and deep trial
to his father and mother; but their Lord has been their stay,
and I think I may say, we have had to rejoice together in
Him, whose tender mercies are over all His works; indeed
the more we see, and the more we know, may we not say,
"blessing, and glory, and honour, and power, thanksgiving




1820.]     LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                 323
and praise, belong unto God, and the Lamb, for ever and
ever," and this, in times even of deepest sorrow and privation naturally, when helped by the influence of the Spirit.
Swinton, near Haclfall, Yorkshire, 29th.-We are here
staying at a beautiful place, with a brother of Lady Harcourt's. He and his wife, and all the family, are exceedingly
kind to us; they indeed make too much of us. However
much such visits may be to the taste, they always bring me
into considerable exercise of mind; in the first place, for fear
of not faithfully standing my ground in Christian humility,
simplicity, and faithfulness; and in the next, from the fear of
not making proper use of such providential openings for promoting the blessed cause of truth and righteousness.  O
dearest Lord! if Thou callest for anything at my hands, I
pray Thee open my way outwardly, and strengthen me
spiritually.
LETTER TO TWO OF HER DAUGHTERS.
Mildred's Court, Twelfth Afonth, 131h, 1820.
It was pleasant to hear of your safe arrival at Earlham,
after your journey with your dear uncle. Our London life
is so very busy, and one event puts another so much out of
mind, that it is difficult to relate exactly how time passes;
but I will try to tell you, as far as I remember, how we have
been engaged. On Seventh-day morning, I was much occupied till about one o'clock, in settling accounts.  So one
more year is passed, and have we wanted any needful thing
or indulgence-?  Afterwards, I visited the eight poor men
under sentence of death, their wives, some of their families
and friends; and a very affecting time it was.  We read together, and appeared to be under the merciful influence of
that blessed Spirit, that manifests itself to be from Him who
remains to be "Lord God on high, mightier than the noise of
many waters." On Third-day, I went to Sophia Vansittart,
and had a satisfactory interview with her; she is willing to




324          LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                 [1820.
join a Ladies' Committee in Westminster, and to visit Tothillfields prison, if way can be made in it.
The interest of Elizabeth Fry was not confined to the
prisons of her native country. She opened a correspondence
with the late Walter Yenning of Petersburg, who devoted
himself to visiting and instructing the prisoners in that city.
The Princess  Sophia Mestchersky, and other ladies, had
formed themselves into a committee, with highly satisfactory
results, to visit the women c.onfined in the five prisons of
that capital.  In a letter written by the Princess to W. Venning, on the 2nd of Eighth Month, 1820, she says:" Though I acknowledge myself completely unable to write in
English, as you wish me to do, for to show your friends in England
the state of our prisons, such as the Ladies' Committee found it to
be in the beginning, and such as it is now, eight months after the
establishment of the society; yet when you told me it would prove
a token of our regard and high esteem for Mrs. Fry, and her fellowlabourers, I readily comply with your request, and shall try to
overcome all the difficulties which ignorance of your language and
the novelty of the subject, present to me. Not I alone, Sir, but
all the Ladies of our Committee, expressed a hearty wish that
something of our public exertions, and of our efforts to follow the
example which that lady gives us, might be communicated to her,
as a proof that her labours are blessed from above, and that a
spark of that love which animates her generous heart, has also
reached our distant country, and influenced many hearts with the
same Christian feelings for suffering humanity.  May thiis prove
a comfort to her soul, and a new encouragement for her to continue
her labours in that large and important field of usefulness, in which
she is called to serve our Lord.  We will all endeavour to follow
her according to the strength and abilities granted us, looking for
help and hoping for success to and from  Him, from whom we receive every blessing, and whose'strength is made perfect in
weakness.' "
Extract from a letter from Elizabeth Fry to the late Walter
Venning of Petersburg.




1820.]      LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                325
Respected friend,
Though personally unknown to thee, I am confident, from
the interest we both feel in one cause, that thou wilt excuse
the liberty I take in writing to thee, to express my heartfelt
satisfaction at the interesting and important accounts thou
hast given my brother Hloare of the proceedings of the Gentlemen and Ladies' Prison Associations in Petersburg.  Most
warmly do I desire their encouragement in this work of
charity and utility, for the more I am acquainted with the
subject, and the more extensive my observation of the effects
of prison discipline is, the more confident I feel of its importance; and that although the work will be gradual, yet
through the Divine blessing, its result will be sure. Not
only that many will be stopped in their career of vice, but
some truly turned from their evil ways, and the security and
comfort of the community at large, increased, by our prisons,
that have been too generally the nurseries of vice, and scenes
of idleness, filth, and debauchery, being so arranged and
so attended to, that they become schools where the most
reprobate may be instructed in their duty towards their
Creator and their fellow-mortals; and where the very habits
of their lives may be changed.
It will be found in this, as in every other good work, that
some trials and some discouragement will attend it; but the
great end in view must induce those engaged in it to persevere, and use increased diligence to overcome them, doing
what we do to the Lord, and not unto man, and then we
shall do it well.
We continue to have much satisfaction in the results of
our efforts in Newgate-good order appears increasingly
established, there is much cleanliness amongst our poor
women, and some very encouraging proofs of reformation in
habit, and what is much more, in heart.  This, in a prison so
ill-arranged, with no classification, except tried from untried,
no good inspection, and many other great disadvantages, is
more than the most zealous advocates of prison discipline
could look for.




326        LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  OFRY.               [1820.
I lately had the pleasure of seeing the Duchess of Gloucester, who is our Patroness; she desired me to express how
much gratified she was with thy account of what you are
doing in Petersburg, and her wish that the ladies may be
encouraged in their good work.
It is now more than three years since we first began our
operations in New-gate, and how encouraging it is, that the
experience of every year should increase our hopes, and
diminish our fears, as to the beneficial result of these exertions.  Indeed it is wonderful to observe the effects of
kindness and care, upon some of these poor forlorn creatures
— how it tenders their hearts, and makes them susceptible of
impression.  I am of opinion, from what I have observed,
that there are hardly any amongst them  so hard, but that
they may be subdued by kindness, gentleness, and love, so as
very materially to alter their general conduct. Some of the
worst prisoners have, after liberation, done great credit to the
care taken of them. In two particular instances, young
women who had sunk into almost every depravity and vice,
upon being liberated, conducted themselves with much propriety, as far as we know, and after long illnesses, died peaceful deaths. They were striking instances; through a blessing
upon the care taken of them, they, in a remarkable manner,
were turned from  Satan unto God, and we humbly trust,
through the mercy of Redeeming love, they are received
into glory.  Some are settled in service, others, we hope,
are doing well in different situations.  We wish it were in
our power to attend more to the prisoners upon leaving the
prisons, as we think this an important part of the duty of
such associations; but in London the numbers are so very
great that it is almost out of our power to do it, as we desire,
though we endeavour to extend a little care over them.
How delightful it is to hear of the interest that the Emperor Alexander, Prince Galitzin, and ladies of high rank,
take in the cause of the poor prisoners.  May the best of
blessings rest upon them, for thus manifesting their care over
the destitute of the earth.




1820.]      LIFE  OF E LIZABETH  FRY.                327
WTe also feel gratefully sensible of their kindness to our
friends William Allen and Stephen Grellet.  I hope thou
wilt let us know be-fore long how you go on.  I am much
obliged for the book thou kindly sent me; and believe me,
with much regard and esteem,
Thy friend,
ELIZABETiH FRY.
After the death of Walter Yenning, the correspondence
thus commenced, was long continued with his brother, John
Yenning; whose labours, in reforming the criminal, and in
relieving the suffering inmates of asylums, prisons, &c., were
unwearied, and greatly blessed of the Lord.  i-le stated that
the letters which he received firom Elizabeth Fry were " invaluable as regarded the treatment and management of both
prisoners and insane persons.  It was the fruit of her own
rich practical experience, communicated with touching simplicity, and it produced lasting benefits to those institutions
in Russia.."
After he had presented to the Emperor Nicholas a statement of the defects of the Government lunatic asylumn the
dowager empress and her son visited the asylum  together,
and being convinced of the necessity of a complete reform
in the management of the insane, the emperor requested his
mother to take it under her own care, and to appoint John
Venning the governor of it.  An order was soon given to
purchase, of one cf the princes, a palace-like house, having
above two miles of garden, and a fine stream of water. running through the grounds.  A plan of this great building
was sent to Elizabeth Fry, for her inspection and hints for
improvements.  Two extensive wings were recommended for
dormitories.  The wings cost ~15,000: in addition to this
sum from the government, the emperor gave ~3000 for castiron window-frames recommended by Elizabeth Fry; as the
clumsy iron bars in the old institution hZad drawn ffrom many
a poor inmate a sigh, with "1 Sir, prison! prison!"




328        LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.    [1820.
Elizabeth Fry recommended that all, except the violent
lunatics, should dine together at a table covered with a. cloth
and furnished with plates and spoons.  The empress was
delighted with this plan, and, when the arrangements were
completed, requested John Venning to invite them to dinner.
Sixteen came and took their seats.  The empress approached
the table, ordering one of the upper servants to sit at the
head of it and ask a blessing.  When he arose to do this,
they all stood up. The soup, with small pieces of meat, was
then served, and as soon as they had dined, they all rose up
spontaneously, and thanked her for her motherly kindness.
She was deeply moved, and turning to John Venning, said,
"I My friend, this is one of the happiest days of nay life."
The next day the number at table was increased, and the day
following was still greater.
A letter from Elizabeth Fry, on " the great importance of
supplying the lunatics with the Scriptures," which John
Yenning said "deserved to be written in letters of gold,"
and which he sent to the imperial family, was received with
marked approbation.   The court-physician, Dr. Richl, a
devoted philanthropist, requested a copy of it.  This letter
removed all difficulties on the subject, and John Venning
was requested to furnish them in their various languages.  It
was considered, by some, "'a wild and dangerous proceeding;" but he soon found them  collected in groups, and
quietly listening, while one of their number was reading the
New Testament; and instead of disturbing their minds, it
produced a soothing influence.  A Russian priest, a lunatic,
collected a number together, and read to them.  And John
Venning found a poor Frenchman in his bed-room, during a
lucid interval reading the New Testamrnent, with tears rolling
down his cheeks.
Whenever John Yenning received a letter from Elizabeth
Fry, he would write it out in French for the empress, and
was pleased to see, as soon as she had read it, with what
alacrity she ordered one of her secretaries to translate it into




1821.]      LIFE OF ELIZABETH FREY.                   329
Russian, to be entered into the journal at the asylum, for
immediate adoption,  One contained a list of fourteen rules,
which were all confirmed by the empress the came day. And
they introduced very important arrangements, viz., " treating
the inmates as far as possible, as the sane persons, both in conversation and manners towards them; to allow them as much
liberty as possible; to engage them daily to take exercise in
the open air; to allow them to wear their own clothes, and
no uniform prison dress; most strictly to fulfil whatever was
promised them; to exercise patienzce, gentlezess, kincnzess and
love towards them; and to be exceedingly careful as to the
characters of the keepers appointed to watch over them."
Petersburg was not the only continental city, with which
communication on the subject of ladies visiting prisoners had
now been opened.
At Turin, La Marquise de Barol nee Colbert was assiduously occupied in this important work.  This lady was a
Roman Catholic, and had entered upon it, from a sense of
duty.  Francis Cunningham, when travelling through that
place, had obtained permission to see the prison, had there
become acquainted pith her, and opened a correspondence for
her with his sister-in-law Elizabeth Fry, which was maintained for many years.  Letters were also received from
Amsterdam, where those interested in the cause, were endeavouring to form a Prison Discipline Society, and Committees
to visit the prisoners.
lci-ildred's Court, First Jiyuonth, Ist, 1821.-Having poured
forth my soul in prayer, and having exhorted my household to live in the love and fear of the Lord, I have
obtained some relief upon entering a new year, and finishing
another.  I opened my Bible at these words, so consonant
with the feelings of my heart, I quote them here, "' Hear my
prayer, and be merciful unto thine inheritance; turn our
sorrow into joy, that we may live, 0 Lord, and praise Thy
namne.
42




330        LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FPRY.              [1821
In the way which was consistent with His holy will, did
the Beloved of her soul answer this petition of His servant.
Xi-e saw meet to dispense the bitter cup, but it was sweetened
by His mercy and love.  She had become much affected in
the Ninth Month of the preceding year, by the alarming
illness of her beloved sister Priscilla.
From 1792, the year of Catherine Gurney's decease, her
daughters had continued an unbroken band; but now, upon
the youngest of the seven, the hand of disease was making a
fatal impression, and she was evidently declining under the
influence of pulmonary consumption. She was singularly
lovely and attractive in mind and person.  To her maternal
sister, Elizabeth Fry, she was peculiarly endeared, and the
bond that so closely united their spirits, was a high and sacred
one; they had both been led to embrace the principles of the
Society of Friends, and both were engaged in the holy vocation of the Gospel ministry. Priscilla Gurney was a diligent
labourer in the cause of Christ, and was highly esteemed by
her fellow-professors, for her work's sake; and greatly beloved by many pious and excellent persons of other Christian
communities; and it may be truly said that she did, in word
and ministration, and in conduct, adorn the doctrine of God
her Saviour.  She was revered in the domestic circle, even
by those who did not unite in her distinctive religious views.
Earlham was her residence with her other unmarried
sisters and brothers; nor did it cease to be their home,
at the marriage of their brother, Joseph John Gurney,
in 1817.  His adoption of the principles of Friends had
been a great satisfaction and support to her, in her own
course.
From the Isle of Wight, where she had passed the winter
preceding, on account of her declining health, she wrote, in
1820, to her beloved sister E. J. Fry.
"' Thou hast been much in my thoughts lately, my beloved sister,
and I can hardly describe to thee, the flow of love and of deep interest which sometimes arises towards thee: there is a certain under.




1821.]      LIFE  OF ELIZABETH FRY.                    331
standing which I feel with thee, that I can hardly feel in the same
way with any other mortal, except, perhaps, it may be with our
dearest brother Joseph.  WTe three do, I believe, intimately understand one another's paths-we know one another's conflicts-we
have partaken in the same depths-we have been mercifully permitted, according to our different measures, (for I feel my measure
small indeed compared with thine,) to partake of the same kind of
spiritual consolations, and of the same deliverance from depths into
heights. What a support, and stay, and refreshment, in short, what
a mother, hast thou been to us both! I must confess myheart often
turns towards thee with joy and with thankfulness, though thy path
has been strewed with many crosses and many afflictions, yet so in
proportion has, I firmly believe, been the victory, which has been
given thee through Christ our Saviour, to the great comfort and
encouragement of many, as well as to thy own present, and may
we not humbly trust, eternal peace and salvation! how fervently
do I desire, that the blessing which has so eminently attended
thee, may be in all things thy crown, thy rejoicing-that it may
prosper thee in all thy ways!"
The summer of that year was passed by Priscilla Gurney
at Earlham. As the autumn advanced, she was removed to
Cromer Hall, then the abode of her brother and sister i3uxton; and with them she passed the few remaining months
of her life, nursed, with the most assiduous care, by her sister Rachel, who had been devoted to her through the latter
stages of her prolonged decline.  Here Elizabeth Fry visited
her, and writes in her journal:CYromner tHall, Second Mgonth, 9th.-Here I am, with my
dear brother Samuel Gurney, come to visit our dearest sister
Priscilla in her (leclining state.  The sweet and peaceful
state of her soul is cause for much thankfulness and rejoicing, but the low valley is my own abiding place; and my
desire for myself and mine, I may say, my prayer is, 0
dearest Lord! give us not over to the will of our enemies.
My feeling for my dearest brothers and sisters is,-in the
first place, thanksgiving, particularly for their spiritual state;




332       LIFE OF ELIZABETII  FRY.                 [1821.
and secondly, desire that grace may be found sufficient for
them, and that no snare of the enemy, however gilded by
apparent holiness, may ever hurt or ensnare them; and for
my dearest sister Priscilla,-O Lord i Thou who hast been
with her, be with her to the end, and in Thine own time burst
all her bonds asunder, and bring her into the abundant and
glorious liberty of Thy children. And also permit Thy unworthy child, through all her trials, to acknowledge how
truly marvellously Thou hast provided for her, and abundantly loaded her with benefits.  Cause us, dearest Lord, to
hear, to feel, and to acknowledge Thy loving kindness and
Thy tender mercies, not only now, but for ever.  Amen.
Cromer -all,  Third Ilonth, 1lth, First day.-Dearest
Priscilla said to this effect, that the experience of her illness
had greatly confirmed and deepened her in the foundation
and principles of Friends, more particularly as it respected
the ministry; though she most truly found her boundaries
enlarged towards all; and upon my saying " Thou feelest all
one, if in Christ, "Yes," she said, "just so."   She expressed how entirely she felt her dependence on the Lord
alone, and how little she felt the want of outward ministry,
though what came in the life was refreshing and sweet. She
yesterday expressed her love for silence, how she found it
tended to strengthen body, as well as soul, and it was one
reason she wished to be alone at night.  She also expressed
this morning a great desire for the PFriends of the family,
that they should hold fast their principles.
To her husband and one of her daughters, she wrote:Cromer IIall, Third lMolth, 25th, 1821.
About nine o'clock this morning the scene closed, and our
most tenderly beloved sister went to sleep in Jesus.  The
conflict of death was long upon her; I think it may be said
from Third or Fourth-day, to this morning.  She has been




1821..]     LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                 333
sensible, evidently so, till late last evening, and her calm,
quiet, and patient state continued.  I think every day her
conflict diminished; she had nearly lost the power of speech;
but when we were all collected round her, last evening, about
nine, she was heard to say, "Farewell, Farewell," several
times.  Some one heard her add, 6l"My love is with you,"
and the last thing we could hear was, " 0 Lord ["  In the
morning, she appeared very full of love-put out her hand.
to several of us-showed much pleasure in your uncle Buxton's being here, and tried to speak to him, but could not be
understood-expressed her wish for reading, and from her
feeling of love and fondness for the chapter, and some signs,
we believed she meant the thirteenth of 1st Corinthians, and
we had a very sweet, animating time together, and afterwards
our dear brother Fowell spoke very sweetly to her; and
besides the Bible, she appeared to have some satisfaction in
hearing other books read, as it had been her habit during her
illness, just like mine when ill. She appeared to have finished
her work, and to have nothing to do but to die; her sweet
spirit was quite at liberty to pass away the time in reading,
and having, I believe, no headache, she could bear it, though
she confined it to religious books, yet many of an interesting
nature; her hymns* interested her much-she liked Samuel
Scott's Diary-Piety Promoted-Accounts of the MissionsWVatts and How-ancl many other books of that description.
I write thus particularly, because I thought you would wish
to hear.  I think her object in reading was gentle amusenment> and at times edification-she was very particular not
to read the Bible except she felt herself in rather a lively
state.  We were all by her when her prepared spirit left the
body, and a sweet time it was; no struggle.  After commending her to her Lord, and, for His name's sake, into
glory, my brother Joseph quoted these words-,:ejection of 1ymn.S, by Priscilla. Gurney.




334         LIFE OF ELIZABETH FRY.                [1821.
"One gentle sigh the fetters breaks,
We scarce can say they are gone,
Before the willing spirit takes
Its station near the throne."
Catherine expressed her firm belief that she was one of the
blessed who died in the Lord.
Rachel after a time, uttered a few words in thanksgiving
for her, and prayer for us who remain.
Thy letter, my dearest   -, gave me much satisfaction, and
my opinion is, though death loses its sting of sin to the
righteous, yet they equally, or very nearly so, have the
natural conflict to pass through; and death certainly is a very
great conflict, generally speaking; but it has struck me again
and again, what this would have been to a sensitive mind,
feeling at the same time the sense of condemnation and the
sting of sin; but my beloved child, there is much in thy remarks, and I think the death of the righteous is often represented as too easy; for human nature is the same in all, and
how much did our blessed Lord go through, who took upon
Himself our nature. Ah! my -., I think of thee and thy
birth-day.  May the Lord be with thee in it, opening thy
eyes to behold the beauty of holiness, and enlarging thy
heart, by His own power, to make thee willing " to lay aside
every weight and the sin that may so easily beset thee, and
to run with patience the race that is set before thee, looking
to Jesus, the Author and Finisher of our Faith."  In much
near and dear love, farewell,
ELIZABETH FRY.
First day, Fourth JMon2th, 14th.-I returned from Norfolk
-my second visit, after being from home about six weeks,
where I had attended my much-loved sister to the last, almost
constantly devoted to her in the day, for four weeks before
her death, and then staying to her funeral, &c. For the first
fortnight, tenderly as I felt for my beloved sister's sufferings,
yet there was so much sweetness in being with her, such inexpressible unity with her spirit in its redeemed state, that it




1821.]     LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                  335
was not a distressing time. I was also greatly favoured with
excellent health, as the sea air appeared to revive me so
much; but the last fortnight, my health sunk a good deal,
and my beloved sister's great reduction, with, no doubt, some
suffering, was almost too much for me; still, I may acknowledge, that rather marvellously, every day help, strength and
sufficient consolation, have been granted.  I was certainly
impatient at my darling sister being so long passing through
the valley of the shadow of death; but how did I perceive
my folly when I saw how gentl f he was led through it, and
how I might observe the kind hand of Providence making
her way naturally and spiritually; and I do believe, deeply
as we felt for her, it was to herself greatly sweetened, and a
renewed cause for us to return thanks on her account.
Elizabeth Fry's return from Norfolk was shortly followed
by interests, new and very different from those which had
occupied her, by the d6ath-bed of her sister.  The subject of
Capital Punishments was attracting increased attention,
opinions differed, and opposing views were entertained;
but it was no longer looked upon with indifference.
The Society " for the Improvement of Prison Discipline,
and Reformation of Juvenile Offenders," was also actively at
work. Many persons of influence had joined it, and zealously
supported the plans of the Committee.  Elizabeth Fry's experience at Newgate was considered as an exemplification of
the effects of religious instruction, and moral discipline and
control, combined with Christian kindness.  She believed it
to be her duty to use the influence this circumstance gave
her, to the utmost of her power, and to avail herself of every
right opportunity for communicating the results of her personal observation.  Nor was her attention confined to this
branch of the subject; she was too keen an observer not to
know, that her experiment, though successful, could not be
universally tried, and that nothing short of a complete change
in the spirit and practice of the criminal legislation of the




336       LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.               [1821.
country, carried on by systematic government regulation,
could effect permanent and general good.  She considered
that the religion which we profess to obey, that the humanity
implanted even in the natural heart of man, should induce
individuals suited for the office, to visit prisons, hospitals, and
other public institutions; although this was, to her mind, a
matter wholly independent of their construction and arrangement.  In a letter on the subject of female convict ships, in
which she urges the necessity of certain measures being
adopted by government, she adds:" I am anxious that a few things which would greatly tend
to the order and reformation of these poor women, and protect their little remaining virtue, should become established
practices, authorised by government, and not dependent upon
a few individuals, whose life and health, and everything else,
are so uncertain,"
Few persons have possessed so little speculativeness of
character, combined with such extraordinary quickness of
perception, as Elizabeth Fry. She saw, that whereas the
greater number of persons had hitherto been content to take
no heed to passing circumstances, and to allow abuses to continue, scarcely recognizing their existence, the time was come
when the rights of humanity would make themselves heard.
Men of reflection had begun to investigate the causes, and.
the probable results, of the facts around them. Enormous
errors were committed, incalculable mistakes made, as must
ever be the case, when finite man leans to his own finite
understanding; yet the good preponderated; and where
philosophy had learned in the school of Christ, undeniable
truths were proclaimed, and peace and good will extended to
mankind.
Elizabeth Fry perceived that light had dawned, she was
persuaded that it could never be again extinguished; but
she saw, that to direct the mental energies of the people




1821.]     LIFE OF ELIZABETH FRY.                 337
aright, general education, combined with scriptural instruction, and the unlimited circulation of the Holy'Bible, was
requisite.
On the 23rd of Fifth Month, Sir James Mackintosh brought
forward his motion, "for mitigating the severity of punishment in certain cases of forgery and the crimes connected
therewith." Sir Samuel Romilly had, with the exception of
Lord Nugent, and a very few others, stood almost unsupported in the Lower House; now, the contest had become
nearly equal, and Sir James Mackintosh's Bill was lost by a
very small majority.  It was on this occasion, that T. F.
Buxton delivered his admirable speech upon Capital Punishment.  Many had gone that night, doubtful as to the expediency of the measure proposed, but were convinced by his
arguments, based as they were upon incontrovertible facts,
varied calculations, and unquestionable evidence.  Some had
taken their seats indifferent as to the question at issue; his
warm appeal to their humanity, and the responsibility of
legislating for the lives of thousands, without having weighed
the merits of the case, or considered the practical effects of
punishment, aroused them from their apathy; others from
a dread of change, and a certain sort of adherence to the
opinions of party, unconnected with the merits or demerits
of the opinions themselves, were startled by the delicate
irony, with which he showed the impracticability of the laws,
and the strange devices resorted to, to evade their literal
fulfilment. Excellently did he generalize the subject, when
he said, " There is no one who will deny, that the laws of the
land ought to be congenial with the feelings of the people.
There was a time, we may suppose, in which this happy sympathy prevailed. But that period is long passed. During
the last century, they have each fled from this point of concurrence; the law in its enactments, and the people, in the
tenor of their feelings. The people have made enormous
strides in all that tends to civilize and soften mankind, while
the laws have contracted a ferocity, which did not belong to
43




338        LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.             [1821.
them in the most savage part of our history, and to such
extremes of distance have they proceeded, that I do believe
there never was a law so harsh as British law, or so merciful
and humane a people as the British people. And yet, to this
mild and merciful people, is left the execution of that rigid
and cruel law!"
Although Sir James Mackintosh's bill was lost, yet it was
a defeat so nearly approaching to victory, as to afford Elizabeth Fry heartfelt satisfaction.  She had again cause to rejoice, when early in the following Sixth Month, she witnessed
the Freemason's Hall filled, on occasion of the Meeting for
the Improvement of Prison Discipline, and the Reformation
of Juvenile Offenders.  The Times of the 4th of that month,
in an account of the meeting, states that she was mentioned
by many of the speakers in terms of high eulogium, and was
loudly applauded, when she quitted the Hall; but no allusion
to this is made in her journal, or in any letters that have
been found.
The Duke of Gloucester presided, supported by Lord John
Russell, Lord Stanley, (the late Earl Derby,) Lord Belgrave,
(Marquis of Westminster,) Lord Calthorpe, the Bishop of
Gloucester (Ryder), Sir James Mackintosh, Sir Thomas
Baring, and many other individuals of rank and talent.
Nobly was the cause advocated which had brought them
together. Lord John Russell was almost prophetic in expectation, when he concluded a short, but brilliant speech,
by expressing his belief, that our country was about to " become distinguished for triumphs, the effect of which should
be to save, and not to destroy;" and that " instead of laying
waste the provinces of our enemies, we might begin now
to reap a more solid glory in the reform of abuses at home,
and in spreading happiness through millions of our own
population."
Plashet, -Eighth Month, 29th.-My  beloved  daughter
Rachel, was married last Fifth-day, the 23rd, at Runcton,
by my brother-in-law, Francis Cunningham.




1821.]     LIFE  OF ELIZABETH FRY.                339
Plashet, Ninth Month, 3rd.-I doubt not but that my late
tendency to depression of spirits is caused, not only by the
sorrow which I certainly feel, and great disappointment,
from  a child not keeping to the principles that I have
brought her up in, and also from the deep sense I have of
their intrinsic value; but, moreover, that I have to bear my
conduct in the affair being misconstrued by others. Yet, I
have certainly met with much kindness, great love and sympathy, and from quarters where I should have least expected
it, also particularly from  the Friends of my own Monthly
Meeting.
I am very much absorbed at home, where many things
deeply occupy my heart and head. To do right in my many
relative duties is very difficult; how deeply I feel my shortcomings in them! and yet I fervently desire to do my best.
- has my prayers much more often than the day. Lord,
help this dear child by Thy Spirit, guide him by Thy counsel, and save him by that salvation that cometh by Christ.
And for my sweet, dear William, so visit him, and influence
him by Thy anointing, that he may become a vessel of
honour, calculated and prepared to show forth Thy praise.
Ah! dearest Lord, bless the lads; above all things I ask of
Thee, far above all temporal good, sanctify them, and fit
them to exalt and magnify Thy great and ever-excellent
name.
Plashet,' Tenth,Month, 18th.-I have lately been called
into various engagements.  I attended the Quarterly Meeting of Kent to much comfort and satisfaction, surprised to
find so much openness, so little obstruction in the way, and
not a little consoled to feel the anointing, afresh and fully
poured forth to my great relief; and I believe I may say,
enabled to declare the word, in that power that tendered and
refreshed many minds. Afterwards visited Lord and Lady
Torrington, at Yotes Court; Maidstone Barracks and Gaol,
and the Noels at Barham Court, to satisfaction.  The love
of the Gospel appeared much over us towards all amongst




340        LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.              [1822.
whom our lot was cast; our dear sister, E. Fry, was with us
throughout.  Since this, I attended the Quarterly Meeting
for Sussex and Surrey, but not to the same relief and satisfaction.
I had one very important Meeting at Brighton, so many
came that it rendered it a Public Meeting; it was a fearful
time, but the best help was granted, to my peace and consolation, and a hope that it was not without good to others.
Since my return home, last Seventh-day, the 13th, I have
been enabled to enjoy and estimate my blessings, particularly
my delightful, quiet home, garden and little children.
Plashet, Second Month, 21st, 1822.-Yesterday, we attended thea wedding of Cornelius Hanbury and Mary Allen.
It was a very solemn and comforting day.
Third JMlonth, 9th.-Since I last wrote, we have visited
almost every family belonging to Ratcliff Monthly Meeting,
Elizabeth Copeland, my sister Elizabeth Fry, and myself.
I may say that we have found what we believed to be the
best help near us, as we went from house to house, enabling
us to speak well for our Master, and to encourage the feeble
travellers in their way to Zion.  Some of the visits were
poor and low times, with such as appeared to have their
hearts more in present things than in those that are to come,
which produces great flatness; but we were rejoiced to find
many, who, we could not doubt, were humble-minded Christians, seeking to dwell near the Spirit of truth in their hearts.
How do I rejoice in the prosperity of Zion, and the enlargement of her borders! (the true church, under all denominations, may be called Zion,) and in our small body, I love to
see it spiritual and consistent with our high profession.  I
have felt it an honour and favour to be once more thus engaged in my dearest Master's cause, it has, at times, brought
that sweet peace with it, that nothing else can give.
Plashet, Jiifth Jolonth, 2nd.-I am favoured with general
health of body, and cheerfulness of mind; a good deal occu~
pied by temporal things, though I trust not resting in them.




1822.]     LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                341
My readings in Newgate at this time of the year, are peculiarly exercising to me, so many attend, and often such a
variety; and some of such high rank, I should think so little
accustomed to hear the truth spoken.  The prospect of them
is sometimes really awful to me, and if I know the desire of
my heart respecting them, it is this-that the cause of truth
and righteousness may be exalted, my Lord glorified, and
living faith in Him promoted; and for myself and those engaged in the work, that we may dwell low before Him who
hath helped us, abide in His fear, and not the fear of man;
seek His pleasure, and not our own pleasure, and if, in unmerited mercy, He is pleased to help us and to own us by
His presence, that we may ever remember, that to us belongs
nothing but confusion of face, but to Him alone, glory,
honour, power, thanksgiving and praise.  Amen, Lord, be
pleased to bless these seasons, that we have been brought
into, we humbly trust, by the ordering of Thy providence;
so that they may tend to good, and that they may be to
some, as " bread cast upon the waters, that will return after
many days."
Plashet, 28th. —Since writing the above, I have had fresh
cause to raise up my Ebenezer; help having been granted,
and to my own feelings way marvellously made for me, in
things that I exceedingly dreaded. In the first place, I felt
very low, and peculiarly under discouragement, partly from
my sense of weakness both of body and mind, and partly
from the idea that Friends might not feel unity with me after
my child's marriage. In the first place, I had, in the Meeting of Ministers and Elders, to pray for direction and help
for myself and others during the Yearly Meeting, which
appeared as if owned by the Great Head of the church.
The next thing was our Ladies' Prison Meeting, which I
dreaded, and had many misgivings about; however, this was
got through quite beyond my expectation: the accounts of
many instances of reform from different prisons were truly
encouraging and comforting, and the whole feeling was as




342       LIFE OF ELIZABETH FRY.               [1822.
if a blessing were in it; dear Mary Dudley prayed, and
several of us had to acknowledge the kindness of the Most
HIigh in it, and to Him alone, in all things, did we desire-to
give the glory. This Meeting gave me a little hope and
encouragement; still, when I found that my awful concern to
visit the Men's Meeting remained, fear was indeed my portion, and such a dread lest I might not know the voice of the
great and good Shepherd; however, I found amidst all my
fears, no way of relief for my mind, but in laying my views
before the Women's Meeting; they were met with much
unity and encouragement, quite beyond what I expected.
My beloved sister, Elizabeth Fry, went with me, Sarah
Benson, and my aunt Jane Gurney. We entered the Men's
Meeting trembling. What an awful service it is for a poor
weak woman to go amongst so many hundred men. After
being seated, I soon found the spirit of prayer poured forth;
I knelt down, and found myself greatly strengthened to offer
up my supplications for ourselves, and for the body then
present; Elizabeth Fry then spoke, in much calmness and
power, which I doubt not would deeply impress those who
heard her; I followed her, and it was marvellous to me the
unction that I felt to deliver what opened to me, principally
to the young people, and to the sorrowful and perplexed,
especially from outward causes; there was great solemnity
over the Meeting, and very many appeared to be in tears;
therefore what can we say, but that our merciful God was on
our side, and He became our Helper? Surely it is the Lord's
doing, and marvellous in our eyes.
Much comfort and satisfaction were expressed after Meeting, by different Friends, and so my fears vanished. May
this afresh lead me, in doing and in suffering, to commit my
cause to my most Gracious Helper, Saviour, and Redeemer,
and fully trust in Him.
Sixth J~Month, 10th.-Obliged to go to town to meet the
Prince and Princess of Denmark, at the Borough Road
School; afterwards received a very poor account of dearest
Jane. A low day.




1822.]      LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.               843
Plashet 13th.-Accounts came that our dear sister Jane,
the wife of my much-loved brother Joseph, died at Earlham
on Second-day the 10th, a little before six o'clock, and that
my dearest brother, thanks be to Him who helped him, was
enabled to give her up with a resigned spirit. Heavenly
love and support were very manifest to them both: and she
appeared greatly prepared for it, notwithstanding the short
notice she had.  She was, I believe, one who loved and
feared the Lord, and who proved her love by her humble
dedication, and watchful, circumspect conduct; she was an
excellent wife, mother, daughter, and sister, a great friend to
the poor, and remarkably generous.  May her loss be fully
made up to our poor brother, by that gracious Power that
has thus bereaved him of one so dear and so lovely to him.
Earlharm, 16th.-After weighing the matter the best I
could, such were my inexpressible drawings of love to Joseph
and the others, that I believed it best for my body and mind
to come here, though I left home really poorly; but I found
the change of air useful, till last evening after arriving here,
when I felt very unwell, which took sad hold of my nerves,
and I had a painful night. Still I may acknowledge my true
and deep consolation in seeing my dearest brother Joseph,
my aunt Birkbeck, and the rest of the family so greatly, even
marvellously, supported.
Earlham, 21st.-Day by day strength is granted to us,
to my beloved brother and his poor mother-in-law, though
the late afflicting event cast a cloud over all temporal things:
some of the party appear wonderfully raised in spirit and
strong in faith.  I rejoice and am glad for them; for myself
I feel particularly unworthy, and as if far behind some
others in spiritual advancement, and true dedication; I am
ready to be reminded of that text, " The first shall be last,
and the last first."  Still I trust there is a following on to
know the Lord, amidst many infirmities.
Earlham, 22nd. —I feel brought low before the Lord;
what can I say and what can I do, but beseech Thee, oh,




344        LIFE OF ELIZABETH FRY.    [1822,
our Lord! to care for us, present and absent, to undertake
for us, to show us the sufficiency of Thy grace, and the power
of Thy salvation? We beseech Thee, through Him that hath
loved us and given Himself for us, that Thou wouldest draw
us all, whether now far from Thee, or near unto Thee, by
the powerful cords of Thy loving-kindness, out of darkness
into Thy marvellous light, that we may ever dwell in Thy
light and in Thy love, and know the fulness of Thy power,
Thy glory, and Thy majesty. Amen.
We were favoured to get through the first Meeting of the
Quarterly Meeting to great satisfaction, the truth arose even
into something of dominion; many of the Lord's servants
had to minister in His name, and even I, unworthy as I am,
was greatly helped.
Plashet, Seventh Month, 1st. —I was just set off for town,
when I had to return, to receive the Princess of Denmark;
it was a satisfactory visit. Several Italian noblemen and
others to dinner.  My brother and sister Hoare, and many
besides, slept here. My fatigue great.
Eighth Month, 20th.-Yesterday was our wedding-day,
we have been married twenty-two years; how many dispensations have I passed through since that time, how have I
been raised up, and cast down! How has a way been made
in the depths, and a path in the mighty waters; I have
known much of good health, and real sickness; great bodily
suffering, particularly in my confinements, and deep depression of spirits.
I have known the ease of abundance of riches, and the
sorrow and perplexity of comparative deprivation; I have
known to the full, I think, the enjoyment of domestic life;
even what might be called the fullness of blessing, and also
some of its most sorrowful and most painful reverses. I have
known the abounding of the unspeakable, and soul-satisfying
joy of the Lord; and I have been brought into states, when
the depths had well nigh swallowed me up. I have known
great exaltation amongst my fellow-mortals, also deep humili



1822.]     LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                845
ation. I have known the sorrow, of some most tenderly
beloved, being taken from me by death; and others given me,
hitherto more given than taken.
What is the result of all this experience? It is even, that
the Lord is gracious and very merciful, that His compassions
fail not, but are renewed every morning; and may I not say,
that His goodness and mercy have followed me all the days
of my life? Though he has, at times, permitted me, amidst
many and unspeakable blessings, to pass through unutterable
sorrows; known only to the full extent by Him and my own
soul, yet He hath been an All-sufficient helper; His right
hand hath sustained me and held me up, blessed be His
name for ever; He hath never forgotten to be gracious, nor
hath He shut up His tender mercies from me. May I not
indeed raise up my Ebenezer, and acknowledge that there is
" no God like our God," and that it is a most blessed thing
to serve Him, even if it be by the way of the cross, for He
is indeed worthy to be served, worshipped and obeyed, now
and for ever. Above all, I pray for myself, that whatever
dispensations I may yet pass through, nothing may separate
me from His love, or hinder me from His service, but that I
may be increasingly and entirely devoted to Him in heart,
mind, and spirit; through the help of my most dear and
blessed Redeemer.
Plashet, 16th. —I believe it right once more to make an
acknowledgment of the mercy of my God. Although I feel
in a very sensitive state of mind and body, yet my soul is in
great mercy kept calm, quiet, and generally cheerful, before
the Lord; I speak thus because, through the grace and free
mercy of my God, I feel, in measure, living unto Him; and
as if His power and His presence were near, to calm the
storms that would naturally arise, and also as if what I did,
I was enabled to do in reference to His will. Most assuredly
He is no hard Master; how truly can I speak to this! although, in wisdom, He has led me by the way of the cross,
very greatly so, to flesh and blood, both in doing and in
44




346         LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.             [1822.
suffering; yet there is abundant liberty in the gospel. How
do I, at times, find that the very same Spirit leads into rest,
and refreshment, and consolation —how far from requiring
what we are not able to perform! May those, for such there
are, I do believe, even tender ones, who desire to do right in
the sight of the Lord; who, from their own activity, go beyond His requirings, and therefore misinterpret His word
inwardly and outwardly, and make religion appear a gloomy
and rigid path, —may these be brought to feel the rest, refireshment, and even right liberty (not in evil) which the gospel
of light and salvation really brings into. I think I know what
it is when a fearful mind, or looking to the opinions of others,
or a judgment of myself, has led to a sort of self-denial, that
the best witness in my heart has neither warranted, nor led
into, though I most fully acknowledge also that too great
laxity is my more prevailing temptation, as it respects myself
and others-but enough do I know of the true liberty of the
gospel, however, at seasons, we may indeed have to bear our
cross in doing and in suffering-enough do I know of it, to
long for all. to be brought into it, from the most worldly to
the most rigid formalist, under every denomination; for such
I believe there are amongst all; and though I feel for these,
in what appear to me bonds of their own making, yet I doubt
not, but that, in tender mercy, they are accepted, and that
their state is safe indeed, compared with that of the worldlyminded.
Elizabeth Fry now mentions meeting Dr. Chalmers. They
mutually helped each other in plans of benevolence.
On the 1st of Eleventh Month, her youngest child was
born, and on the same day her eldest grandchild.
Plashet, Eleventh Month, 7th.-Words fall utterly short
of expression of the unmerited mercy which has been shown
us.  On the night of the 30th, I had to pass through a very
deep conflict of spirit, comfort appeared to fail, deep dis



1822.]      LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                347
couragement and great fear took hold of me; I felt I had a
baptism to be baptized with, and how was I straitened until
it was accomplished, (if the servant dare allude to drinking
even, at seasons, of the cup the Master drank of,) but after
a time the conflict ceased, sweetness, trust, love and confidence, took place of it.  I felt bound to have my husband,
children, my dear sister Gurney, and Susan Pitchford, besides
such of the maids as liked to join us, collected together,
when, after reading I poured forth my soul in fervent prayer,
for my dearest Rachel and myself in our time of conflict,
for help spiritually, and naturally for tender mercy. And
how striking to me it was, in little more than twenty-four
hours —only fourteen hours apart-Rachel and myself had
each a darling boy born. Both of us very graciously and
wonderfully helped.
Plashet, 13th.-I write this journal in the midst of my
lying-in with my eleventh child, in a very tender, delicate
state of body, and unworthy state of soul, after having (of
late peculiarly) received many and great blessings, spiritually
and naturally. I cannot feel thankful enough for all my
many blessings; so weak has been my state that the very
grasshopper has become a burden, and I think I have shown
my infirmity to others, as well as felt it myself, though I may
say that I have sought after a quiet and patient spirit. In a
serious and trying attack of spasms in my side, I found, in
tender mercy, that Power to be near, which helped me;
although I was seriously alarmed about myself, I felt my
pleasant pictures marred, and was even much affected at the
idea, that perhaps I should be taken from  my beloved
family, still I think it was principally nervous fear; for
when such a call really comes, strength will be given for the
need, and the same help administered, that has so marvellously been displayed in many of the deep conflicts of time.
My soul feels utterly unworthy, and deeply prostrate
before Thee, dearest Lord, at my utter inability fully to
return Thee thanks for all Thy benefits.  Make me fit to




348        LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.             [1822
receive them; enable me to acknowledge them; strengthen
me to walk more circumspectly before Thee in thought,
word, and deed. Thou knowest that I love Thee, that,
above all things, I believe my desire is, to serve Thee, love
Thee, and obey Thee. Thou hast manifested, and canst
manifest Thyself to be all-sufficient, to be "strength in
weakness, riches in poverty, and a present helper in every
needful time."  Grant a little help, if Thou seest meet, to
bring me again into life; that I may serve Thee better, love
Thee more, and as a wife, mother, mistress, and member of
Thy church, and of society at large, may more perfectly
keep my eye single unto Thee, and do all to Thee, and
through Thee, to the praise of Thy Holy name. And continue to grant, if it please Thee, a blessing on those labours
of love, that Thou hast permitted me to be brought into in
the prisons, and that the work may not stop till much more
be accomplished in it. Amen.
First-day, 17th.-My body recovering, though weak. My
spirit tendered before the Lord, for His great and unspeakable benefits.  My naturally too insensible heart softened
before Him, who I may say is the delight of my soul, my
Lord and my God, my Saviour and Redeemer. I remember
those that are worshipping, as worshipping with them, and
my spirit feels sweet unity with the Church Militant, and
perhaps, though utterly unworthy of it, with the Church
Triumphant, as if I could unite with both, in the everlasting
song of high praises, even to our God, and to His Lamb,
who hath shown such tender mercy towards us, and made
Himself manifest to us, as our Saviour and Redeemer.
Blessed for ever be His name.
27th.-Peace and sweetness appear to rest upon me in
entering life. Oh! for my sweet infant, if life be granted
him, may he be indeed devoted to the Lord. We neither
circumcise nor baptize, but may he be baptized by the
saving baptism of Christ! and be in spirit circumcised unto
the Lord! I have (perhaps in weakness) much set my heart




1822.]      LIFE OF ELIZABETH FRY.                349
upon this child, rather expecting he may be a comfort to us
in our old age, and not only so, but above all, that he may
prove a devoted servant of Christ. May this blessed work
not be hindered by any false indulgence in us; but may it
be truly promoted by example, precept, and the true discipline of love and wisdom.
Twelfth MJonth, 2nd.-Yesterday, at Meeting, the Truth
rose into much dominion, blessed be the name of the Lord.
I was enabled to supplicate and minister to my own relief,
and I trust to the refreshment of others, also my dearest
brother Joseph, Rebecca Christy, and my sister, Elizabeth
Fry, in prayer.  It appeared a solemn time.  The day,
generally speaking, a favoured one; but in the night I was
deeply brought to a sense of my own weakness. If the
beautiful garments spiritually were put on in the morning,
surely they were taken off at night. What are we but
instruments, however, for a season decorated with our Lord's
ornaments; self cannot boast, when left to ourselves, and
our decorations taken off! How wonderful is the work of
the Spirit-how it heals, and raises up body and soul, when
they are to be brought into service; none can tell, but those
who have experienced something of it, how the anointing is
poured forth from on high. It is an honour I am unworthy
of, to be thus helped spiritually, particularly in the ministry.
But how deeply doth my spirit crave that I may also be
aided in all the practical duties of life.,
14th.-I yesterday went to London, and visited Newgate.
My greeting there was warm from the prisoners, the committee, and others. I felt peaceful there, and afresh sensible
that the work was not our's, that we had first been brought
there; and I had to crave a blessing upon our labours, and
also to acknowledge the tender mercy of our God as our
Saviour and Deliverer. I was low in myself, but felt renewedly the great importance of the prison cause; and if
those who espouse it are enabled to persevere, what good




350        LIFE  OF ELIZABETH FRY.    [1822.
may be done, in preventing much crime that has been both
plotted and perpetrated in prisons.
In this year (1822) the late John Randolph, while American Envoy to this country, visited Newgate —he gave a
description of the scene to a friend who thus recites the
particulars of the narrative: " Suddenly, Randolph rose
from his chair, and, in his most imposing manner, thus addressed me:' Mar. Harvey, two days ago I saw the greatest
curiosity in London-aye, and in England, too, sir-compared to which Westminster Abbey, the Tower, Somerset
House, the British Museum, nay, Parliament itself, sink into
utter insignificance! I have seen, sir, Elizabeth Fry, in
Newgate, and I have witnessed there, miraculous effects of
true Christianity upon the most depraved of human beings!
And yet the wretched outcasts have been tamed and subdued
by the Christian eloquence of Mrs. Fry! I have seen them
weep repentant tears while she addressed them. I have
heard their groans of despair, sir! Nothing but religion
can effect this miracle; for what can be a greater miracle
than the conversion of a degraded, sinful woman, taken
from the very dregs of society! Oh, sir, it was a sight
worthy the attention of angels! You must, also, see this
wonder.' "
During this year the Prince and Princess Royal of Denmark visited England.  They inspected many charitable and
public institutions, and evinced a lively interest in objects
that conduced to the moral and religious welfare of mankind.
Early one morning Elizabeth Fry received information that
the Princess wished, on that day, to breakfast with her. She
came accordingly; the visit was a very satisfactory one, and
from that time an association commenced with this excellent
Princess, that continued until E. Fry's decease.
We find her, soon afterwards, addressing the following
letter: —




1822.]     LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                351
To THE PRINCESS ROYAL OF DENMARK.
Plashet House, Eleventh Moantlh, 23rd, 1822.
Dear and respected Friend,
Allow me to call thee so, for such I feel thee, as thou art
truly both loved and respected by me. According to thy
kind and condescending wish, expressed when here, I take
up my pen to inform thee, that upon the first qf this month,
through the tender mercy of my G~od, I was safely delivered
of a sweet boy, and to add to our cause of joy and thanksgiving, my dear daughter had also one born on the same day,
so that twenty-four hours added a son and grandson to our
already numerous family; we have, both of us, with our infants, been going on well, and with the exception of some
illness, that I passed through in the early part of my confinement, and my habitual delicacy at such times, I am as
well now as I can expect to be.
I have often thought of thy kind visit with deep interest,
and strong desires are raised in my heart for thy welfare and
preservation in every way, that the God of Peace may be
with thee continually, guiding thee by His counsel, helping
thee by His Spirit, comforting thee by His love, during thy
continuance here; and afterwards, when he may be pleased
to take thee hence, to beo seen of men no more, through His
mercy in Christ Jesus, receiving thee into glory. I also feel
real interest and best desires for the Prince Royal,-may you
both be encouraged in every good word, and work. I remember the words of Paul, in the 15th chapter of the 1st of
Corinthians, 58th verse: " Be ye stedfast, unmoveable, always abounding in the work of the Lord, for as much as ye
know that your labour is rot in vain in the Lord."
It would give me great pleasure and satisfaction to hear
from thee, or if that be asking too much, perhaps the lady
whom we had the pleasure of seeing here, will let us know




352        LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  PRY.            [1823.
many particulars respecting your welfare, and how you go on
in Denmark, as it respects the prisons, schools, and other
works of charity and love. I should also be pleased to know
whether the books and the other things which we sent to
Count Moltke, and also some of the work of the prisoners,
ever came safely to thy hand, as we were prevented sending
them quite so soon as we hoped to have done. I should be
glad to be very respectfully and affectionately remembered to
the Queen, and also to the Prince Royal, thy consort: and
believe me, with much respect and regard,
Thy attached and obliged Friend,
ELIZABETH FRY.
Plashet, First Month, 2nd, 1823. —" Our years pass away
as a tale that is told." Upon concluding one, and beginning
another year, my heart has been brought low before the
Great I am; and I have desired, after a renewed searching
of heart, to see how my accounts stand spiritually, and in
what I can more fully serve my Lord, and bear the fruits of
the Spirit. I have inwardly prayed for help, as well as
vocally for myself, my family, my household, and those most
near and dear to me; above all, that there may be known
amongst us more of the light, life, and spirit of religion;
and beyond every other blessing, more knowledge of the
truth as it is in Jesus.
Amongst the interests of the opening year was the marriage of Elizabeth Fry's youngest brother Daniel Gurney
of North Runcton, to the Lady Harriet Hay, one of the
daughters of the Earl of Erroll.  The contrast of his circumstances of prosperity, with those of his brother, Joseph
John Gurney, treading the lonely path of widowhood, touched
her closely; and after writing to one brother, she addressed
the other.
The following is an extract from her letter to her brother
Joseph John Gurney.




1823.]     LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                 353
Plashet, First Monlth, 8th. 1823.
My dearest Joseph,
Having just written to one dear brother, feeling and expressing my sympathy in his joys; I think I shall better
conclude my morning's work, by also telling thee how much
I have been with thee in mind in thy low estate.  I feel for
thee and sympathize with thee, but if a poor fellow-mortal
feels so tenderly for another, how must it be with Him,
whose love, pity, and tender compassion are unbounded.
Surely thy Lord and His Comforter, will be found very near
to thee, in His own time healing thy wounds. I believe, as
we may rejoice and return thanks for our dear brother's present fulness of enjoyment, so we may also for thee in thy
privations; because all is permitted in tender mercy and
loving-kindness. I doubt not that thou hast many pains to
bear, by night and by day, as the desolation produced by thy
loss would naturally occasion; but I trust patience will have
its perfect work, and so tend further to purify, and redeem,
and fit thee for thy Master's work.
Plashet, First Month, 8th.- A  deep feeling of infirmity
has been my portion. Yesterday, my mind was so much
engrossed in temporal things, that I did not get rid of them,
even at Meeting; anOd the day before some inattention in a
servant annoyed me too much in mind, which in degree was
shown, so as to be followed by condemnation, and being thus
brought, through my omissions and commissions, to the feet of
Jesus, the prayer of my heart is to Him for justification, and
purification, that I may know my transgressions to be forgiven, and that I may be afresh fitted and prepared by His
Spirit, for a more watchful and circumspect walk before Him,
whom my soul loves and pants after; and I believe desires,
above all things, to serve, worship, and obey.
22nd.-O0n the 16th, I was sent for to Hampstead, to my
beloved sister Hoare, (who was ill).  Such seasons are to me
times of real conflict spiritually and naturally: spiritually to
45




354         LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.             [1823
know what, in the way of religious service, may be required
at my hand, and also close sympathy with those in trouble,
naturally, from my acute sense of suffering, and my great
love for my sisters. I know few things that occasion me a
deeper feeling of impotence and unworthiness, than attending the sick, I may say, it always brings home to me very
deeply the unworthiness of my own heart; indeed, I do not
much think nursing is my allotment, though often in it, for
my acute feeling for those near to me is such, that however
I may maintain a cheerful countenance, my heart is affected
so as painfully to affect my nerves.
The sentiments here expressed, respecting her services for
the sick, are very different from those entertained of her by
such as received or witnessed her attentions. She displayed,
in cases of illness, great presence of mind, a quick perception
of the changes taking place in the patient, a singular readiness in expedients to meet them, much judgment and skill
in the administration of remedies, and the whole combined
with a quiet, cheerful manner, and most tender sympathy, so
as to inspire complete confidence and dependence on herself
in the sufferer, as well as the assistants.
During the present month she writes in her journalI attended Westminster Meeting, which I have looked to
for some time, as well as others of our Quarterly Meeting.
I believed when there, that if I were well carried through
that, to the relief of my own mind, and if best help then
felt near, I should have to visit most of the Meetings in our
Quarterly Meeting, held on First-day Mornings. It so
proved that I felt help very near, so that the language of my
spirit was, "It is the Lord's doing, and marvellous in my
eyes;"  In nothing has the work of grace been so marvellous to me as in the ministry; it surely is not my own work;
-I know enough of myself to believe it to be quite impossible.  Oh, what an unction I now and then feel, it is as




1823.]     LIFE  OF  ELIZABETH  FRY.             355
much to be felt strengthening the soul, as the body is felt to
be refreshed after wholesome good food.  The work of the
Spirit is a wonderful work, and, to my naturally doubting
and sceptical mind, astonishing.  I have been permitted to
know more of it than I could have either asked or thought.
I believed it best to lay my prospect of a general attendance of these Meetings, before our dear friends at the
Monthly Meeting yesterday, which was to my peace; sweet
unity and sympathy were expressed in it, and my beloved sister E. F. proposed to join me, which is a comfort
to me. It is cause of much thankfulness to have such a
companion.
Plashet, Second Month, 13th.-I attended Tottenham
Meeting on the 2nd. I went low and under deep exercise
of mind; I returned in measure relieved, though naturally
upset with many fears; I hardly ever remember being engaged in a service where doubts and fears beset me to an
equal extent. On First day the 9th, we were at Devonshire House; it was an extraordinary Meeting.  I desire,
in more simplicity of faith, to attend the other Meetings.
I think I have been too anxious, too fearful; if the work be
not our's, why worry and perplex myself about it?
19th.-Since writing the above, I attended the Peel Meeting, on First-day, which was to the great relief of my mind:
since that time my bonds have appeared wonderfully broken,
my spirit has had to rejoice and be glad, and my fears have
been removed, so that I can indeed say, how marvellous is
the work of the Spirit!
On Second-day, I dined at the Mansion House, with my
husband; a change of atmosphere spiritually; but if we are
enabled to abide in Christ, and stand our ground, we may,
by our lives and conversation, glorify God, even at a dinner
visit, as well as in more important callings. Generally speaking, I believe it best to avoid such occasions, for they take
up time, and are apt to dissipate the mind; although it may
occasionally be the right and proper calling of Christians,




356       LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.               [1823.
thus to enter life; but they must then keep the eye very
single to Him, who, having placed them in the world, can
alone keep them from the evil.
24th.-We were helped through the service yesterday at
Ratcliffe Meeting. It really appeared a favoured time, and
peculiar harmony and power in the ministry generally pre.vailed, with great solemnity in the silence. I may say that I
had afterwards a cheerful, peaceful day, with my family.
Third /kMonth, 5th.-I have lately been remarkably full of
occupations, and yet they have appeared right, and almost
unavoidable. On First-day, I attended Southwark Meeting;
mercy and peace eventually accompanied it. On Fifth-day,
I went to town, to meet the Secretary of State (Sir Robert
Peel) and the Speaker of the House of Commons at Newgate, with my brother Fowell.Buxton, and my husband; I
trust the time was blessed to the good of the cause.
Sixth-day in town again to Newgate, one of the bishops
and many others there; it was a solemn time-a power better
than ourselves seemed remarkably over us. I visited another
prison, and then returned home; besides these out of door
objects, I am much engaged in nursing my babe, which is a
sweet employment, but takes time; the rest of the children
are comfortably settled in with dear Mary Ann Davis, who is
now once more with us. Upon sitting down to write, and
looking round me, surrounded as I am with my family, supplied with so many temporal comforts, spiritual blessings not
withheld: for I trust that there is rather an increase than
decrease of the best thing amongst us; I thought, as the
query arose in my heart, "Lackest thou any thing?" I
might indeed say, " Nothing, Lord," except a further
establishment for us all, in the ever blessed truth, as it is
in Jesus.  What can I render to Thee for all thy benefits?
Grant, dearest Lord! in thy child and servant, a heart fully
and entirely devoted to Thee and Thy service. Amen.
29th. —Since I last wrote, 1 have attended Winchmoro
H-lill Meeting to satisfaction, together with my dear sister




1823.]      LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.              357
Elizabeth, William Allen, and my brother Samuel, whose
company I enjoyed.  My husband has engaged Leslie, the
painter, to come and take likenesses of him and me, to
which, from peculiar circumstances, I have appeared obliged
to yield; but the thing, and its effect on the mind, are
unsatisfactory to me; it is not altogether what I like, or
approve; it is making too much of this poor tabernacle,
and rather exalting that part in us which should be laid
low, and kept low; I believe I could not have yielded
the point had not so many likenesses of me already appeared, and it would be a trial to my family, only to have
these disagreeable ones to remain.  However from one cause
or another, this has not been a satisfactory week, too much
in the earth and the things of it, too little in the spirit;
though not without seeking to take up my cross, deny myself, and follow my Lord and Master. I feel particularly
unfit and unworthy to enter again upon my religious engagement: we propose going to Uxbridge this evening.
My only hope is in Him, who can alone cleanse, fit,
strengthen, and prepare for his own work; under a deep
feeling of my short-comings, may I not say, dearest Lord,
undertake for me!
Fourth Month, 7th. —We went to Uxbridge, though naturally rather a low time, yet it ended to my real comfort.
The Morning Meeting was a very solemn one, a deep feeling of good, and the anointing of the Spirit appeared freely
poured forth. The Evening Meeting was satisfactory; and
in several religious opportunities in the families, my heart
was enlarged in much love to the dear Friends there, whom
I think I may say, I love in the Lord.
12th.-Since I last wrote, we have been engaged in various
ways, particularly in the sale of work done by the poor prisoners in Newgate; this has been a considerable public
exposure, but I trust not without profit. I deeply felt upon
entering it, the danger of the pollutions of the world, and
the desire that we, who are seeking in this way to promote




858        LIFE  OF ELIZABETH FRY.                 [1823,
the cause of truth and righteousness, might maintain the
watch on this point. I trust no harm was done; but I feel,
after being with so many, much brought down in myself,
under a feeling of great infirmity. I think, in looking back
on the last two days, I do not feel condemned, but rather
that I have been in my right place, and that some good may
result from the whole thing.
Since the Jklaria had been visited in 1818, as each successive season brought the sailing of a female convict ship, the
subject obtained a large share of Elizabeth Fry's attention.
Amongst those who assisted her in her efforts to improve the
condition of these ships, the late Elizabeth Pryor was one
most especially devoted to the work; with the exception of
one ship (the Amphitrite,)* she visited every transport which
sailed from England with female convicts, until prevented
by the sickness, which terminated in her death, in 1841.
This was not done without much fatigue and inconvenience; frequent exposure to weather in open boats, and
occasionally to danger. On one occasion, Elizabeth Pryor
and Elizabeth Fry were placed in a situation of considerable
alarm, from which they were relieved, by the interposition of
the present Harbour Master at Ramsgate.  His narrative
will interest the reader
" It was on a fine sultry day, in the summer of 1821, that I was
racing up the river Thames, in the command of the Ramsgate Steam
Packet, Eagle, hoping to overtake our Margate competitors, the Victory and Favourite steamers, and bring them nearer to view as we
rounded the points of the Reach of the river. It was in the midst
of this excitement, that we encountered one of those sudden thunder
~ This vessel was wrecked off Boulogne. One hundred and twenty
female convicts, many of whom had been objects of care and instruction in Newgate, together with a large number of children, also
the captain, officers, and nearly all the crew, were lost. Neither
Elizabeth Fry nor any of the Committee ever visited this ship.




1823.]      LIFE OF ELIZABETH     R Y.                   859
squalls, so common in this country, and which passing rapidly off
with heavy rain, leave behind them a strong and increasing northerly
gale. I was looking out a-head, pleasing myself with the reflection
that we were the fastest vessel against a head wind, and should
certainly overtake our Margate friends; when upon entering Long
Reach, about two miles below Purfleet, I saw a boat labouring
with very little effect against the gale, and with a whole ebb-tide
just making, to add to their difficulties; in this boat were two ladies,
in the close habit of the Society of Friends, evidently drenched with
the heavy shower which had overtaken them. I was then a dashing
high-spirited sailor; but I had always a secret admiration of the
quiet demeanour of that Society, and occasionally had some of them
passengers with me, always intelligent and inquiring, and always
pleased with any information a seaman could extend to them. Well,
here was a dilemma! To stop, would spoil my chase, in which most
of my passengers were as eager as myself, but to go on, and pass two
ladies in such a situation! I passed the word softly to the engineer;
desired the mate to sheer alongside the boat carefully; threw the
delighted rowers a rope, and before the passengers were fully aware
that we had stopped the engines, the ladies were on board, the boat
made fast astern, and the Ecagle again flying up the Thames. I have
those two persons strongly, nay, indelibly stamped upon my mind's
eye. The one I had last assisted on board, still held my hand, as
she thanked me, with diguified, but beautiful expression:'It is
kind of thee, Captain, and we thank thee.  We made no sign to
thee; having held up our handkerchiefs to the other packets, we did
not think we should succeed with thee.' I assured them that I
could not have passed them under such circumstances, and called
the stewardess to take them below into the ladies' cabin and see to
their comfort. They had been well cloaked, and had not suffered
so much as I had anticipated.
" The gale had cleared away the rain, and in a very short time
they came upon deck again, one of them was Mrs. Fry, and she
never lost an opportunity of doing good. I saw her speaking to
some of my crew, who were looking very serious as she offered them
tracts, and some of them cast a side glance at me, for my approval
or otherwise.  I had some little dislike to sects then, which, I thank
God, left me in riper years, —but who could resist this beautiful




360       LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FPRY.                 [1823.
persuasive, and heavenly-minded woman? To see her, was to love
her; to hear her, was to feel as if a guardian angel had bid you
follow that teaching, which could alone subdue the temptations and
evils of this life, and secure a Redeemer's love in eternity! In her,
you saw all that was attractive in woman, lit up by the bright beams
of philanthropy devoting the prime of life, and health, and personal graces, to her Divine Master's service; and I feel assured that
much of the success which attended her missions of mercy, was
based upon that awe which such a presence inspired. It was something to possess a countenance which portrayed, in every look, the
overflowing of such a heart, and thus, as a humble instrument in
the hands of Divine Providence, she was indeed highly favoured
among women.
"' She told me that her companion, Mrs. Pryor, and herself had
been down to Gravesend to take leave of the unfortunate women
(convicts) on board a ship bound to the settlements, and gave me so
touching a description of their behaviour, that I volunteered to take
charge of any thing for her at any time, or render her any service
in my power, in my voyages. When about to land, her anxiety to
make some pecuniary recompense was very great, but I would not
allow her to do so. Mrs. Fry never forgot me when she came
near our locality; I saw her from time to time, the earthly taber,
nacle failing, but the same spirit lighting up with animation her
untiring energies. It was an honour to know her in this world;
may we follow her to the society of the accepted and blessed, in
that which is to come.'"K. B. MARTIN.
" Ramsgate, February, 1847."
On another occasion, Elizabeth Fry reached Deptford late
in the afternoon of a very tempestuous day. A female convict ship was under sailing orders for the next morning, and
it being after office-hours, she went to the private house of
Admiral Young, to request him to send her off to the ship,
By the time she returned on shore, it was quite dark, and
the wind and rain to which she had been exposed, seemed
to make a little rest and refreshment almost indispensable,
before she set off homewards.  But she resisted all the invDi




[1823.      LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                361
tations of Admiral Young and his family to remain with
them; assigning, as a reason, that she had left one of her
children seriously ill, to whom she was anxious to hasten
back. This little incident left a deep impression on their
minds; " that such a claim on a mother's heart, had not
been permitted to interfere with that, to which she had
pledged her best energies and powers."
Thus, did this tender and delicate woman willingly encounter personal suffering and exposure, in obeying the
dictates of divine love, which led her to follow in the footsteps of Him, " who came to seek and to save that which
was lost."
It was not for the sinners and outcasts alone that Elizabeth Fry pleaded; whatever she believed likely to promote
the real good of the people, and the cause of religion upon
earth, found in her a ready advocate.  To the poor and
needy her ear was always open, and she would "humble
herself," for so she felt it, to ask that for them of her family
and friends, which it was not in her own power to bestow.
Her brothers gladly responded to every call on their benevolence, and she enjoyed from this source, the high gratification of being able to supply the streams of blessing, in many
and varied channels.
But it was not only to the poor-to those who moverd in
the humbler walks of life-that she was the messenger of
consolation and help.  She was frequently introduced into
circumstances, that called forth her deep religious sympathy
with persons of exalted worldly rank, whose piety derived
strength and encouragement from association with her.
The following letter received at this time, exemplifies this
fact.
THE DUCiHESS OF-         TO ELIZABETH FRY.
" Junze 28th, 1823.
" You, dear madam, were so kind as to call upon me some days
ago, I was most unfortunately out, and missed you; will you not
46




362         LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.               [1823
have the kindness to try again? I cannot express in writing, half
the pleasure your last visit gave me. The poor are not the only
beings to whom you bring hope and comfort, whom you strengthen,
when you hope they are in the right; and whom you would assist
to recover the way of life, did you see (which their own feelings,
prejudices, temper or sufferings, might blind them to,) that they
were going wrong. If you would let me have a line, to tell me
when I might hope to see you, I would take care not to be again
disappointed. I leave town the last week in July.
" Believe me, your most truly obliged,
Plashet, Seventh Month, 31st.-Since I last wrote, I have
passed through a scene of deep affliction, in attending dear
Mary Hanbury.  I was called to her on Third-day, the 6th;
after great illness, she died on the 16th, leaving her beloved
father (William Allen), husband, and helpless infant. I had
to drink the bitter cup with the afflicted, in an unusual degree,
so as to bring me very low in myself, out of which state I have
not fully risen, but am rather sunk in mind and body. I have,
however, the consolation of believing, that I was a help and
comfort to my sweet and dear young friend, whose remembrance is precious to me, so was her company, I think I may
say to the last, her spirit appearing to overflow with love,
joy, and peace. She having, I believe, kept the faith, finished
her course, and fought the good fight. I have since attended
great part of the Yearly Meeting, and the Prison Meeting,
in all, to me, a low time.
Plashet, Eighth JMonth, 7th. —We have lately had much
company, which leads to handsome dinners, and that sort of
excitement which I feel painful on account of my family; but
I find it very difficult to act rightly under some of these circumstances.  Oh! for more ability, in the power, and in the
spirit, to maintain the standard of truth and righteousness in
my own house, in all things; so that others may be induced
to do the same.
Earlham, Tenth MJonth, lst.-My beloved husband left




1823.]     LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                363
me this morning for London, and I am here, with nine
children and my little grandson.  Since I last wrote, the
face of things brightened.  I went to Bristol to attend the
Quarterly Meeting there, accompanied by my brother, Joseph
John Gurney, and my sister E. F.; we left home on Sixthday, the 11th of last month, and returned on Fifth-day,
the 17th. In this short time, we travelled about two
hundred and eighty miles, visited the Meeting at Bath,
and the Bristol Quarterly Meeting; held two Public Meetings, visited the prison, attended to the magistrates and
committee; visited Hannah More, my cousin Priscilla H.
Gurney, and several others. The last few days my husband and I have been at Cromer, and paid an interesting
visit to my much-loved brothers and sisters there. I was
at different times, engaged religiously amongst them, and
help was granted me in these services. I feel unworthy
and unfit, and find that there is need of close, cleansing,
baptisms of spirit, to make me, in any degree, ready thus
to espouse the best of causes. I am much struck in having
all my children, but one, now here; several of them grown
up; what marvellous changes have I witnessed since I first
knew this place; wonders, indeed, have been done for me,
spiritually and naturally —how have I been raised up, as
out of the dust! I am surrounded by a numerous, fine, and
healthy offspring; one only taken from me, and that one
with a peculiar evidence of going to an everlasting and blessed
inheritance. Spiritually also, how has mercy been shown me;
has not the beloved of my soul said, "live?" and how has
He been with me in many tribulations, and sanctified many
blessings. Indeed, I have found that my Lord is a wonderworking God, and has manifested himself to be to my soul,
"Wonderful, Counsellor, the Mighty God, the Everlasting
Father, and the Prince of Peace."  What can I render for
His unspeakable benefits? Lord, in Thy unmerited mercy,
continue to be with, and bless Thy servant, whose hope is in
Thee. Grant also Thy grace to her children, to love, serve,




364         LIFE OF ELIZABETHI  FRY.                [1823.
and obey Thee, that her God may be their God, her Saviour
their Saviour, and her Comforter their Comforter.  Be with,
visit, and bless her husband, brothers and sisters, and children's children yet unborn, as well as the sweet grandchild,
now granted her.  Amen.




1824-1829. Journey to Worcester-British Ladies' Society-Estab
lishment of Manor Hall Asylum and School of Discipline at Chelsea
-Brighton-District Visiting Society there-Books for Preventive
men, near Brighton —Letter from Dr. Steinkopff-Dagenham-Visit
to Brighton-Return to Plashet-Death of her aunt Gurney-Goes
into Norfolk-Letter to her family-Marriage of her eldest sonAutumn. at Dagenham-Journey into Cornwall and DevonshireLetter from Hannah More —Convict Ships-Visit to Ireland-Illness
at Waterford-Return home-Illness and death of Rachel GurneyBirth of a grandson-Journey into Norfolk and Derbyshire —Marriage of a daughter-Heavy sorrows-Leaves Plashet-Vinter in
London —Settlement at Upton-lane.
EARLY in this year, Elizabeth Fry paid a religious visit
to some of the Midland Counties.  She was accompanied by
her brother, Samuel Gurney.  She returned home in feeble
health.
Plashet, Third Month, 29th.-We reached home last Fifth
day, having accomplished the duty we had in prospect, to
our own peace, and I trust to the edification of those amongst
whom  our lot has been cast.  I continued very unwell
the whole journey, and what with exercise of mind, and
real illness of body, I think I have seldom known such a
time; nor do I ever remember being so helped through the
different services that I was brought into. Visiting gaols,
attending two Quarterly Meetings, and many not Friends;
one occasion in Worcester gaol; one large Public Meeting,
the first I ever appointed of that description; and many
other Meetings: but the way I was raised up, as from the
dust, was wonderful to myself; enabled to speak with power,
(365)




366        LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.               [1824.
and in the Quarterly Meetings to go from service to service.
It was indeed a remarkable evidence, that there is, in man,
something beyond the natural part, which, when that is in
its lowest, weakest state, helps and strengthens; none can
tell what its power is, but those who submit to it. I now
feel fully called to rest.  I gratefully remember the abundant kindness shown me upon my journey. Greater enlargement of my heart in love do I never remember, or to have
met more from  others.  I have been permitted to feel,
throughout this illness, at times, very sweet consolation. A
state of rest, as if the sense of pain and sorrow was taken
away from body and mind, and, now and then, almost like
a peep into the joys of the Kingdom.
First-day, 15th.-Yesterday, after a very weak and faint
morning, I attended our "' Ladies' British Society " Meeting;
it was surprising, even to myself, to find what had been accomplished! How many prisons are now visited by ladies,
and how much is done for the inhabitants of the prison-house,
and what a way is made for their return from evil. It is
marvellous in my eyes, that a poor instrument should have
been the apparent cause of setting forward such a work.
The necessity for asylums, for the reception of discharged
female prisoners, now claimed the attention of Elizabeth Fry
and her fellow-labourers.
In 1822, a small house for receiving some of the most
hopeful of the discharged prisoners was opened in Westminster, under the name of Tothill-Fields Asylum. It owed its
existence to the Christian benevolence of one truly valuable
member of the committee, Caroline Neave. She has consecri.ted her time and purse to this important object, which was
first suggested to her mind during a drive with Elizabeth
Fry, thus related by herself:-"A morning's expedition
with dear Mrs. Fry made me at once resolve to add my help,
if ever so feebly, to the good cause.  I distinctly remember
the one observation made.  I can call to mind at this mo



1824.]      LIF E O   E LIZA B ETH FRY.                367
ment, the look, and tone, so peculiar, so exclusively her's
who spoke-' Often have I known the career of a promising
young woman, charged with the first offence, to end in a condemned cell! Was there but a Refuge for the young offender, my work would be less painful.' That one day's conversation upon these subjects, and in this strain" laid the
foundation of our prisoners' home."*
The inmates at first, were only four in number; in 1824,
they had increased to nine; after a few years, under the
name of "The Royal Manor Hall Asylum," it contained
fifty young women.
There was another class of persons who claimed the attention of the ladies of the British Society at this meeting. The
vicious and neglected little girls, so numerous in London,
early hardened in crime, who, whether they had, or had not,
been imprisoned, had no chance of reformation at home; yet
were too young to be placed with advantage in any existing
asylum. Before the next anniversary, a School of Discipline,
for the reception of such children, was opened at Chelsea,
where, withdrawn from their former associates, they might
be trained to orderly and virtuous habits.  The idea first
occurred to Elizabeth Fry, when conversing in the yard
at Newgate, with a friend, on the extreme difficulty of
disposing of some very juvenile prisoners about to be discharged.
Brighton, Fifth fliontI, 18th.-We arrived this evening,
my health continuing very delicate.  I have been induced to
come here, partly by finding my weakness increase, and
X In addition to this excellent Institution, which continues very prosperous, a similar one, for the reception of discharged female prisoners
who appear likely to prove themselves to be reformed characters, is
now established at Hackney, and, under the designation of the
"ELIZABETH  FRY REFUGE," is effecting much good. Both
these Asylums a'e liberally patronized by our beloved Queen, and
they have a lvery strciow clainl on the benevolence of the public.




368        LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.              [1824.
partly to oblige my husband, and others; although it is, on
many accounts, much to my regret, leaving my dear children.
I have also much felt leaving my dear Friends at the Yearly
Meeting; still I trust we have done right in coming, and I
can, now, only commend myself, and my all, absent and
present, to Him who alone can keep and preserve us; and
if it please Him to bless this measure for my recovery, may
thankful hearts be our portion.
First-day, 23rd.-I am once more away from Meeting on
this day; but my strength does not appear sufficient, to venture to sit one..... I felt this morning as I sometimes
have before, about the time that people generally assemble to
worship, (when I have been sitting in solemn silence poorly,
and alone,) peculiar unity with, and sweet love for, the
members of the Church of Christ, not only that part of it to
which I belong, but to others also.  I do believe there is a
communion of spirits, that neither separation of person, nor
difference of sentiment, can obstruct, if we abide in a watchful, waiting state, and that so many of the members of the
living Church, being engaged in waiting upon and worshipping our God, through Christ Jesus our Lord, spreads a
good and refreshing influence, which extends even to those
who are absent.
During her stay at Brighton, Elizabeth Fry was often distressed by the multitude of applicants for relief. This was
not confined to beggars by profession, who infested the streets,
following carriages and foot-passengers, with clamorous importunity, but extended to the resident poor, many of whom
had acquired the habit of asking assistance at the houses,
not only of the inhabitants, but of the visitors to the place.
It was difficult for the former, but almost impossible for the
latter, to discover their true condition, whether their poverty
was real or assumed; and if real, whether caused by improvidence and idleness on their own part, or whether the result
of misfortune and providential infliction.




1824.]      LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                 369
Brighton appeared exactly the field for working a District
Visiting Society. There was no laok of benevolent feeling,
and abounding affluence was to be found there; but the former was frequently misdirected, and the latter misapplied.
A Provident Society had been in operation some years, but
this touched only one part of the evil.
It was no easy matter to unite in the same object, persons
wholly different in opinion, especially in religious matters;
but without co-operation the desired end could not be effected,
and after some delays, and much discouragement, she succeeded in getting the " Brighton District Society" established. The Earl of Chichester became its President. Its objects
wvere-the encouragement of industry and frugality among
the poor, by visits at their own habitations; the relief of real
distress, whether arising from sickness or other causes; and
the prevention of mendicity and imposture, together with " a
system of small deposits, upon the plan of Savings' Banks,
which was encouraged by a present premium, in order to
induce the labouring classes to try to lay by a little store for
their own necessities."  To accomplish the desired ends,
visitors were found, or offered themselves, to go from house
to house, and become acquainted personally with the character and circumstances of their occupants.
" The smallest pittance, as a deposit for rent, or clothing,
or fuel, by being often repeated, may prove to the poorest,
that it is within their power effectually to help themselves,
by such habits of frugality and resolution." The personal
intercourse of the visitors with the poor, is a most important
branch of the subject, it tends to good-will on both sides; it
induces order and cleanliness amongst the visited, and a
feeling of kindness and interest in the heart of the visitor.
In the course of Elizabeth Fry's illness at Brighton, she
was liable to distressing attacks of faintness, during the
night and early morning; when it was frequently necessary
to take her to an open window, for the refreshment of the air.
WYhether, through the quiet grey dawn of the summer's
47




370         LIFE  OF ELIZABETH FRY.                [1824.
morning, or by the fitful gleams of a tempestuous sky, one
living object always presented itself to her view on these
occasions; the solitary blockade-man* pacing the shingly
beach.  It first attracted her attention, and soon excited her
sympathy; for the service was one of hardship and of-danger,
and was one that entailed much privation, both on officers
and men; the stations were often placed in dreary and inaccessible places. From the very nature of the service, they
were precluded from communication with the inhabitants,
amongst whom it was exceedingly unpopular; constantly
harassed with nocturnal watching, exposed to danger, both
from weather and affrays with smugglers, they might almost
be said to be in a state of blockade themselves. What Elizabeth Fry heard, only confirmed her desire to do something
f'or their moral and religious good.  The lieutenants in command of several of the neighbouring posts warmly seconded
her views.  Considering the nature and regulations of the
Coast Blockade, almost the only thing that could be done,
was to supply the people with Bibles and useful books. In
furtherance of this purpose, she applied to the Bible Society,
whose liberal response was conveyed in the following letter
from one of its Secretaries, Dr. Steinkopff.
Savoy, July 12th, 1824.
" My Esteemed and Dear Friend,
"I have received your truly kind and affectionate letter this
morning, and immediately communicated its contents to the Printing
Sub-Committee of the British and Foreign Bible Society, which
happened to meet at Earl-street. They have unanimously resolved to transmit fifty Bibles and twenty-five New Testaments to
the Brighton Auxiliary, with a request to place them at your disposal, for distribution among the men employed in the Preventive
Service. In general, we have found cheap sale preferable to gratuitous distribution, but if, in consideration of all the peculiar cir3 Now called the " Coast Guard," or "Preventive Service," for the
detection of smuggling.




1824.]      LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                371
cumstances of the above-mentioned men, you should judge it
most desirable to present the copies as a donation to them, you are
at liberty so to do."
The distribution o- these books was a welcome office to
her, to whom it was intrusted; it brought her into agreeable
and interesting communication with some of the officers, as
well as men, stationed in the neighbourhood of Brighton.
Her endeavours to serve them were received with openness,
and responded to with the warmth and simplicity of the
sailor character. Communications, a few months afterwards,
proved that the benefit was likely to be lasting.
After quitting Brighton, Elizabeth Fry passed about two
months at Dagenham, a secluded village on the banks of the
Thames.  The res.t and retirement were very beneficial to
her health, and she greatly enjoyed the fine air and beautiful
scenery that surrounded her. Few persons have evinced a
higher relish for the varied productions of nature, or for the
quietness of a country life, than she did. During her stay
there, she writes: —
Dagennham, Seventh Month, 30th.-We left Brighton last
Sixth-day, the 23rd, and after what I passed through in
suffering, and afterwards in doing, in various ways, I may
acknowledge that I have no adequate expression to convey
the gratitude due to my merciful and gracious Lord. I left
it, after a stay of nearly ten weeks, with a comparatively
healthy body, and above all a remarkably clear and easy
mind; with a portion of that overflowing peace, that made
all things, natural and spiritual, appear sweet, and in near
love and unity, not only with Friends there, but many, many
others. I felt as if, although an unworthy instrument, my
labours there had not been in vain in the Lord, whether in
suffering or in doing. It has not been without a good deal
of anxiety, fatigue, and discouragement, that this state of
sweet peace has been attained as I am apt to suffer so much
from many fears and doubts, particularly when in a weak
state of health. The District Society, in which I was inte



872       LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.               [1824.
rested, I left, I trust, in a way for establishment; and likely
to be very useful to the poor and to the rich. Also an
arrangement to supply the Blockade men on the coast with
Bibles and other books: and I hope they will be put in the
way of reading them, instead of losing their time.  Some of
the poor Blockade men seemed much affected by the attention
paid them, as also did their officers; and I am ready to hope
that a little seed is scattered there.  In Meetings, I passed
through much, at times going when I feared I should faint
from weakness; but I found that help was laid on One who
is Mighty, and I may indeed say, in my ministerial services,
that out of weakness I was made strong.  The Meetings were
generally largely attended by those not Friends, of course
without invitation, but I trust that they were good ones, and
that we were edified together. This was through deep humiliation, and many, many fears. It certainly calls for great
care and watchfulness in all things that we enter, to find that
they be not of ourselves, but of our Master, whose servants
we are; for He alone should point out our work.  The end,
in an uncommon manner, appeared to crown all.
26t. —I returned from a short expedition to Brighton last
evening. A very interesting, and I trust not unimportant one.
My object was the District Society that I was enabled to form
there, when I was so ill, or rather recovering from that state.!Much good appears done, much more likely to be done; a
fine arrangement made, if it be but followed up; and I humbly trust that a blessing will attend the work, and has already
attended it.  I feel that I have not time to relate our interesting history, but I should say that the short time we spent
there was a mark of the features of the present day. A poor
unworthy woman, nothing extraordinary in point of power,
simply seeking to follow a crucified Lord, and to co-operate
with His grace in the heart; yet followed after by almost
every rank in society, with the greatest openness for any communications of a religious nature; numbers at 5Meeting of
different denominations, also at our own house, noblemen,




1825.]     LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRYo               373
ladies in numbers, clergy, dissenters, and Friends. We had
most satisfactory religious opportunities together, where the
power of an endless life appeared to be in great dominion.
Our dear Lord and Master himself appearing remarkably to
own us together. William Allen was there, a great helper;
we were at dear Agatha and Elizabeth Barclay's, whose kindness, love, and sweetness, were abundant towards us. Two
of my daughters were with me.
Third Month, 3rd, 1825. —I hope I am thankful for being
really better, though delicate in health. I wish I did not dread
illness so much; it is a real infirmity in me; may grace be
granted to overcome it. I think, strainge to say, I felt, and I
fear appeared to those about me, to be irritable.  Certainly,
I had some cause to be so; but after what I have known of
the power that is able indeed, to help us, I never ought to
give way to anything of the kind; all should be meekness,
gentleness, and love. Perhaps I said too much about some
pictures and various ornaments that have been brought from
France for us; much as I love true Christian simplicity, yet
if I show a wrong spirit in my desire to maintain it in our
house and furniture, I do wrong and harm the best of causes.
I far prefer moderation, both from principle and taste, although my experience in life proves two things; first, that it
is greatly for the good of the community, to live according
to the situation in which we have been placed by a kind
Providence, if it be done unto the Lord, and therefore done
properly; then, I believe that by so doing we should help
others, and not injure ourselves.  Second, I have so much
seen the extreme importance of occupation, to the well-being
of mankind, that many works of art, that tend to our accommodation, and even the gratification of our taste, may be
innocently partaken of, may be used and not abused, and
kept in their proper places; as by so doing, we encourage
that sort of employment that prevents the active powers of
man from being spent in things that are evil.




374        LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.               [1825.
In reference to the foregoing paragraph, and others in this
volume that allude to some feeling of irritability of temper,
her daughters bear the following testimony:"The contrition so frequently expressed in the course of
Mrs. Fry's journal, for irritability of temper, is calculated to
mislead a stranger, who would naturally suppose that it must
occasionally have betrayed itself in conduct. To those who
intimately knew the never-failing gentleness, forbearance, and
Christian meekness of her deportment, that such feelings ever
ruffled her mind, is almost inexplicable.  Those most closely
connected with her, in the nearest and most familiar relations
of life, can unhesitatingly bear their testimony to the fact,
that they never saw her in what is called a pet, or heard an
angry, or passionate expression of displeasure, pass from her
lips. Her tender conscience, and fear of offence towards God
and man, can alone account for these outpourings of the hidden evils of her heart."
Yet surely they can scarcely be termed evils. Sin does
not consist in being tempted.  The Apostle says, "Blessed
is the man who endureth temptation, for when he is tried he
shall receive a crown of life." There is abundant evidence
that, if a temptation to any feeling of irritability of temper
ever presented itself to the mind of this meek servant of
Christ, it was resisted and overcome, through His grace.
HIer husband has recently given to the Compiler a full assurance of this, in the following words:-" I never knew her
do an act, and never heard her utter a word, that, in her
most solemn moments, she could have wished to recall."
Plashet, Fourth Month, 6th.-The delightful weather and
season; the innumerable beauties of nature, now showing
themselves, have, I may say, refreshed my soul, and led it
to "look through Nature, up to Nature's God."  To my
mind the outward works of creation are delightful, instructive, and edifying.  I am, I hope, thankful for so much
capacity to admire and rejoice in them.  How important to




1825.]     LIFE OF ELIZABETH FRY.                   375
cultivate this taste in youth! It is an advantage through
life, in many ways.
Plashet, Fourth Jonth, 21st. —MIy occupations are just
now multitudinous. The British Society, and all that is
attached to it, Newgate as usual. Forming with much fear,
and some misgivings, a Servant's Society, yet with a hope,
and something of a trust, that it will be for the good of this
class of persons for generations to come.  I have felt so
much for such, for so many years, that I am willing to
sacrifice some strength and time for their sakes.  It is,
however, with real fear that I do it, because I am sensible
of being, at times, pressed beyond my strength of body
and mind. But the day is short, and I know not how to
reject the work that comes to hand to do.
Plashet, 25th.-I ha.ve had some true encouragement in
my objects since I last wrote. The British Society Meeting
was got through to much satisfaction. To myself, (the poor,
humble instrument amongst women in this country,) it is
really wonderful what has been accomplished in the prisons
during the last few years.  IHow the cause has spread, and
what good has been done, how much evil prevented, how
much sorrow alleviated, how many plucked like brands from
the burning; what a cause for deep thanksgiving, and still
deeper humiliation, to have been, in any degree, one of the
instruments made use of to bring about these results. I have
also received a delightful account of the effects of my labours
for the poor at Brighton; it appears that the arrangements
mnade, have greatly prospered amongst both rich and poor;
also for the blockade men on the coast.  This is cause for
fresh thankfulness of heart. I may say, that I there sowed
in tears, and I now reap in joy.
The Servants' Society appears gradually opening, as if it
would be established according to my desire. No one knows
what I go through in forming these Institutions,-it is
always in fear..Fifth Month, 23rd.-I think that I am under the deepest




87g8       LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.             [1825
exercise of mind that I ever experienced, in the prospect of
a Meeting to be held this evening, for all the young people
assembled at the Yearly Meeting. It is held at my request,
my brother Joseph uniting in it. In a remarkable degree it
has plunged me into the depths, into real distress; I feel so
unfit, so unworthy, so perplexed, so fearful, even so sorrowful, so tempted to mistrustful thoughts, ready to say, " Can
such an one be called to such a service?"  I do believe that
" this is my infirmity;" and I have a humble hope and confidence, that out of this great weakness I shall be made
strong. As far as I know it has been in simple obedience
to manifested duty, that I gave up to this service, and went
through the ordeal of the Yearly Meeting. If I know my own
deceitful heart, it has been done in love to my Lord and to His
cause.  Lord, preserve me through this depth; through this
stripping season! If it should please Thee to grant me the
garments of Thy salvation, and the help of Thy Spirit,
further enable me wholly to give unto Thee the glory, which
is due unto Thy name. If thou makest use of Thy handmaid to speak in Thy name, be Thou Thyself her help and
her strength, her glory, and the lifter up of her head. Enable her to rely on Thee, on Thy might, and on Thy mercy;
to commit her whole cause unto Thee, and keep in the
remembrance of Thy handmaid, that the blessed cause of
truth and righteousness is not her's, but Thine.
Plashet, Sixth Month, 2nd-The awful and buffetted state
of my mind was, in degree, calmed as the day advanced. I
went to town with my beloved brother Joseph, who appeared
to have been in something of a similar depth of unusual
suffering-we went into the Meeting together; the large
Meeting-house was soon so crowded, that no more could get
in; I suppose from eighteen hundred to two thousand persons, principally youth. All my children were there, except
little Harry.  I heard hundreds went away who could not
get in. After going in and taking my seat, my mind was
soon calmed, and the fear of man greatly, if not quite, taken




1825.]     LIFE OF ELIZABETH FRY.                 377
away. My beloved brother Joseph, bowed the knee, and
poured forth prayer for us. I soon after rose and expressed
what was on my mind, towards the assembly: First, that all
were acceptable who worked righteousness and served the
Lord. Secondly, that the mercies of our God should induce
this service, as a debt due to him. Thirdly, that it must be
done by following a crucified Lord, and faithfully taking up
the cross. Fourthly, how important, therefore, to the church
generally, and to our religious Society, for us so to do individually, and collectively; so that if this were done, there
would be, from amongst that company, those who would be
as lights to the world, or as a city set on a hill that cannot be
hid; I had to conclude with a desire that an entrance might
be abundantly ministered unto them, into the everlasting
kingdom of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ. I then sat
down, but did not feel to have fully relieved my mind. Joseph rose, and stood more than an hour; he preached a very
instructive and striking sermon on faith and doctrine. Then,
my dear sister Elizabeth Fry, and my uncle Joseph, said
something. Afterwards, I knelt down in prayer, and thought
I found no common access to the Fountain of all our sure
mercies; I was enabled to cast my burden for the youth, and
my own beloved offspring amongst the rest, upon Him who
is mighty to save and to deliver. I had to ask for a blessing
upofl our labours of love towards them, and that our deficiencies might be made up; that the blessing of the Most High
might rest upon them, from generation to generation, and that
cross-bearers and standard-bearers, might not be wanting from
amongst them.  I felt helped in every way, the very spirit
and power appeared near, and when I rose from my knees,
I could in faith leave it all to Him, who can alone prosper
His own work. A few hints that impressed me I afterwards
expressed, which were to encourage the youth in the good
works of the present day; but to entreat them, when engaged
in them, to maintain the watch, lest they should build up
with one hand, and pull down with the other.  Secondly,
48




378        LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.    [1825.
that it was never too soon to begin to serve the Lord, and
that there was nothing too small to please Him in. Then,
commending them to His grace, and bidding them farewell,
the Meeting concluded in a very solemn manner; it lasted
about two hours and a half, and general satisfaction appears
to have been felt. When it was over, I may say we rejoiced
together, I hope, in the Lord; so that my soul did magnify
the Lord, and my spirit rejoiced in God my Saviour.
Plashet, 6th.-The death of my dear aunt Gurney, obliges
me to go into Norfolk; I therefore set off to day, accompanied by my sister Elizabeth. I propose also attending the
Essex Quarterly meeting in going, and the Suffolk in returning.  It has been a sacrifice giving up to go, but I desire to
do it in simplicity of faith, as unto my Lord; trusting that
it will prove for edification and refreshment.
EXTRACT FROM A LETTER TO HER FAMILY AT HOME.
Earlham, Sixth7 Ionth, 111, 1825.
I wonder almost that I have not written to you before, but
my engagements have been, I think I may say, hourly and
constant. On Fifth-day, the funeral, and yesterday,Norwich Monthly Meeting; we dined at the Grove.  I have felt
a good deal in this visit.  The changes that take place in
these parts are very affecting.  I paid a quiet visit to the
grave-yard the other morning, and there sat, first upon my
mother's, then my father's, then Priscilla's, and John's
graves; and, as you may suppose, wept at their sweet remembrance.  I could not but meditate upon the probability
of all our heads being, before very long, placed under the
" green grass turf." These were my cogitations, and I trust
not without some of a higher nature; it is a fearful thing
not to be ready, for the change may come very unawares;
but I may say, as it respects my own, I havefelt an increasing hope that " all will be well."
Plashet, 18th.- I am returned home after attending my
dear aunt's funeral, and two Quarterly Meetings.  I paid a




1825.]      t IFE OF EL IZABETH FR Y.             379
very interesting visit to Earlham. I have passed through
much deep feeling, and been, in various ways, much engaged
as a minister, of which service I am wonderfully unworthy;
but, out of weakness, I often experience help and strength,
to my own admiration.
Since I returned home, a great press of company every
day, Lord Bexley and Sophia Vansittart, Lord Suffield, Lord
and Lady Torrington, and many others. Lord, grant a little
help, quiet and enlighten my heart, that I may see what to
do, and what to leave undone, and that which I find to do,
enable me to perform in simplicity of faith, unto Thyself,
and Thy glory; and, Lord, be pleased to keep Thy very
frail and unworthy servant, on the right hand, and on the
left, that evil overcome her not.
A storm prevailed in the commercial world, during the
latter part of 1825, it subsided as 1826 advanced; but it did
not pass away without leaving fearful traces of its course.
Many mercantile houses were entirely overthrown; whilst
others were so shaken, as never to recover the shock. These
things made it a very anxious time to Elizabeth Fry, and
called forth much of her sympathy towards the sufferers. In
reflecting on this event, she wroteThe principle of justice cannot be too deeply impressed
upon the youthful mind, also, the great uprightness in all
money transactions. IHow do I desire for myself that, however it may be my duty to be occupied about temporal
things, my treasure be not in them, but that my heart and
soul may be raised above them. This morning, I think I
have had a glimpse of those possessions that cannot be shaken
by the ups and downs of life.
In reply to a slight request, about that time addressed by
Elizabeth Fry to Hannah More, she received this kind
reply: —




380        LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                 [1825.
c" My dear Friend,
"' Any request of yours, if within my very limited power, cannot
fail to be immediately complied with. In your kind note, I wish
you had mentioned something of your own health, and that of your
family.
" I look back with no small pleasure to the too short visit with
which you once indulged me, a repetition of it would be no little
gratification to me. Whether Divine Providence may grant it or
not, I trust through Him who loved us, and gave himself for us,
that we may hereafter meet in that blessed country, where there is
neither sin, sorrow, nor separation.
" Believe me, my dear friend, with true esteem and warm affection to remain your's sincerely.
" HI. MIORE.
"Barley Wood, 15th of April."
Elizabeth Fry entertained a high appreciation of the character of Hannah More, and of the benefits which she had
conferred upon her contemporaries, especially upon her country-women. She always referred with great pleasure to her
visit to Barley Wood, and the impression made upon her by
the mingled sweetness and dignity of Hannah More's countenance and manner.
In a copy of her "Practical Piety," given by Hannah
More to Elizabeth Fry, is this inscription:
TO MRS. FRY.
Presented by HANNAH MORE,
As a token of veneration,
Of her heroic zeal,
Christian charity,
And persevering kindness,
To the most forlorn
Of human beings.
They were naked and she
Clothed them;
In prison and she visited them;
Ignorant and she taught them,
For His sake,
In Ifis name, and by JHis word,
Who went about doing good.
Barley Wood, June 17th. 1818.




1825.]     LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                881
Dagenham, Eighth lMonth, 10th.-On Fifth-day, the 4 th
of this month, my dear eldest son was married. Upon the
previous evening, with a few of the family present, I was
enabled to commend him to his God, for direction, and
for protection; it was a very serious time. The next morning, we all, in our wedding garments, proceeded to London;
my beloved husband and myself alone in the chariot, deeply
feeling the weight of the occasion. Upon our arrival at the
Meeting House, in Westminster, we found the party generally assembled. Soon after our sitting down in the Meeting,
there was that which quieted our spirits, and said, " Peace,
be still." We sat more than half an hour, when dear
Rebecca Christy knelt down, and, in a powerful manner,
prayed for the young people, that a blessing might be with
them; above all, a spiritual blessing; my heart went with
her, and I poured forth my tears before the Lord on their
account; there was a very solemn feeling over us, a little as
if the Master owned the wedding company by His presence.
I had to offer fervent petitions for their good, naturally and
spiritually, and for grace for them to keep their solemn covenant with each other, and to make fresh covenant with their
Lord. We had an elegant and hospitable entertainment
afterwards; my dear uncle Barclay was there; he is grandfather to the bride, and great uncle to the bridegroom.
A period of rest and refreshment at Dagenham was preparatory to fresh exertion. Elizabeth Fry again believed it
her duty to leave home, and travel into Devonshire and Cornwall, accompanied by her sister-in-law, Elizabeth Fry.
Dagenham, 2lst.-Yesterday, we laid our concern before
our Monthly Meeting.  I believe we had the sympathy,
unity, and near love of our Friends, which was really encouraging and comforting. How truly do the living members
of the militant church help one another; surely it is well,
now and then, to have their feeling for each other excited.




382        LIFE  OF ELIZABETH FRY.               [1825.
I was enabled in the Meeting, to commend those who go,
and those who stay, to the keeping of the unslumbering
Shepherd, and found near access to Him in prayer, being
strengthened to cast my care upon Him on whom help is laid.
I have felt happier since.
On arriving at Kingsbridge, Elizabeth Fry believed it
right to appoint a Meeting; she saysIt has cost me a good deal to give up to it; but I am more
comfortable since I have done so; although I feel very unfit
for such services. Ah! dearest Lord, anoint us with fresh
oil for this service, that it may tend to the exaltation of Thy
name, and the unity, edification, comfort and strength of Thy
people of every denomination.
Plymouth, Tenth JMonth, lst.-I trust that I am thankful
to be able to say that the Meeting (at Kiingsbridge) was very
satisfactory, and to my feelings, brought almost unspeakable
peace. I thought we were favoured, in a remarkable manner, to feel sweet unity of spirit, with those present, of various
descriptions, and we might say, like the disciples formerly,
" Did not our hearts burn within us as Ile talked with us by
the way?" At first, deep poverty of spirit, with many fears
on my own account beset me, but as the Meeting advanced,
power increased, these were allayed, and we might rejoice
in the feeling, that the Lord God Omnipotent reigneth, God
over all, blessed for ever.
Liskeard, Sth. —Another week is now past, and much has
been gone through. At Plymouth, we attended several
Meetings; but one was important to me; it was one that I
had appointed at Devonport. I first felt the concern when
a girl travelling with my father, I then believed that, if ever
I became a minister, I must hold a Meeting there;* and the
time now appeared come for it.  My attraction was to the
K The concern on behalf of the people at Devonport, was first im-r
pressed on her mind, in the summer of 1798.




1825.]     LIFE OF ELIZABETH FRY.                 883
lowest and worst classes. It was indeed an act of faith; I
have a feeling of unfitness and unworthiness for such services beyond what I can express. The day passed tolerably,
I attended two regular Meetings, but, as the time for this
Meeting drew near, my heart was ready to fail; fears got
hold of me, and almost had dominion over me. On entering
the assembly, I hardly dared to look up, when I did, I
thought there must be fifteen hundred people present, mostly
poor; I may I think say, it was, before it ended, a glorious
time; much solemnity prevailed amongst us, the power of
the great and good Spirit appearing to reign over all. I
cannot help humbly trusting that the fruit will remain. We
had an interesting Meeting with the youth, and another the
next morning at a wedding; we were much united to many
dear friends.  We have since visited three Meetings in
Cornwall.  The beautiful country delights me, when my
mind is at liberty.
Sixth MJonth, 3rd, 1826. —0Our Yearly Meeting concluded
yesterday. I can hardly express the sweetness of the remembrance of the time. We have, at seasons, I may truly
say, rejoiced together in the Lord, and partaken of that,
which as evidently comforts and delights the soul, as outward refreshment does the body, when hungry, thirsty, and
faint. I have been really refreshed in spirit.
Plashet, Sixth Month, 24th. —(irst day morning.) —The
commencement of this day always feels weighty to me; another week begun, the awful and responsible situation of a
minister of the gospel in.the services of the day, at home
and at Meeting; all weighs upon me. Grant, 0 Lord! I
pray Thee, a little help, that whatever Thy unworthy servant does, in word or in deed, may be done, as in the name,
so through the power, of Christ her Saviour. Bless this
day, I pray Thee, O Lord! not only to our house and family and to our religious body, but to thousands and tens of
thousands; that however outwardly separated, Thy servants




384          LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                [1826.
may unite in magnifying Thy name, and that their spirits
may rejoice in Christ their Saviour..Dagenham, Seventh Month, 24th.-Yesterday was so very
wet and windy, that we spent a quiet First-day here. Serious as it is, not to attend our places of worship, yet it is not
without its advantages, to find, that the same worship can
be performed in private as in the public assembly; and that
it is not the place, or the people, but (if in a right spirit) an
acceptable worship may be offered every where. All our
family assembled twice in the day, I think to real edification, so that it proved neither dull nor unpleasant, though
we were all shut up, for a long day, in this little house.
The return of the season had brought with it the interest
of the annual transportation of female convicts. During
this year, five ships had been employed for that purpose. A
young lady-the daughter of an Admiral-has often recurred to a farewell visit to a female convict-ship, on the point
of sailing, in which she accompanied Elizabeth Fry. In allusion to this visit, she says:" I could scarcely look upon her as any other than an angel of
mercy, calmly passing from one to another of the poor wretched
beings around her, with the word of counsel, comfort, or reproof,
that seemed suited to each individual case, as it presented itself to
her notice. With several kind assistants, she was arranging work
for them during the voyage; in itself no trifling matter. But many
a point of deepest interest and anxiety, brought to her ready ear,
met with such response as could only be looked for from a devoted
follower of Him, who' went abot doing good."'
On the mind of this young person the circumstances was
strongly impressed, of accompanying her father, on another
occasion, to the female convict-ships, lying off Woolwich, to
meet William Wilberforce and Elizabeth Fry.
" On board one of them, between two and three hundred women
were assembled, in order to listen to the exhortation and prayers of,




1826.]      LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                   385
perhaps, the two brightest personifications of Christian philanthropy
that the age could boast.  Scarcely could two voices, even so distinguished for beauty and power, be imagined united in a more touching
engagement-as indeed was testified by the breathless attention, the
tears, and the suppressed sobs, of the gathered listeners. All of
man's word, however there heard, heart-stirring as it was at that
time, has faded from my memory; but no lapse of time can ever
efface the impression of the 107th Psalm, as read by Mrs. Fry, with
such extraordinary emphasis and intonation, that it seemed to make
the simple reading a commentary; and, as she passed on from passage to passage, struck my youthful mind, as if the whole series of
allusions might have been written by the pen of inspiration, in view
of such a scene as was then before us. At an interval of twenty
years, it is recalled to me as often as that Psalm is brought to my
notice.-Never, in this world, can it be known to how many hearts
its solemn appeals were, that day, carried home, by that potent
voice."
Elizabeth Fry believed herself called to visit Friends in
Ireland, and to attend to some other duties of a more public
character.  She was accompanied by her brother J. J. Gurd
ney, and her sister E. Fry.
Twelfth Month, 27th.-Last Third-day week, I believed
it my duty to lay my concern to visit Ireland, before my
Monthly Meeting; at the close of the Meeting for worship
We told our dear friends what we had in view, and, feeling
the great weight of leaving my family, made me doubt a
little, whether Friends could unite in my going; but for all
these things, I think I hardly ever felt a more solemn covering over a Meeting, both before and after we spoke; and a
very unusual number expressed their sympathy, unity, and
desire to encourage us; not only the elders and ministers,
but the very babes in Christ.  There was testimony upon
testimony. I felt uncommon peace and relief afterwards, as
if the thing was right; many expressed a belief that the
Lord would be with us, and preserve us, that He would be
49




386      LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                [1826.
our shield and exceeding great reward, that He would go before us, and be our rear-guard.
Dear W. Allen believed "' that those who stayed by the
stuff would partake of the spoil." I never remember feeling the blessing of Christian love, and unity of spirit, more
than at this time, and how truly the members of the Christian
Church " bear one another's burdens, and so fulfil the law of
Christ."
Yesterday, we laid it before our Quarterly Meeting. The
certificate having been signed on First-day, to my rejoicing,
by all those who I thought might possibly have been somewhat against it, as well as those who I knew heartily united
with us. I had, in both the Men and Women's Quarterly
lMeeting, to express something, particularly to the youth,
that, notwithstanding the humiliations and deep baptisms attending it, I considered it an honour and favour that I was
unworthy of, to be thus made use of in my Master's service;
for I could in deed and in truth testify, that there are no
ways like His ways, no service like His service, and no joys
to be compared to the joys of His salvation.  I also addressed
the wives and mothers amongst us, on parting from our
women Friends; asking not only their sympathy, but their
prayers; as "the prayers of the righteous availeth much:"
and not only for me, but in a particular manner for those
who stayed behind. To-day my mind feels lightened and
peaceful, and I have a confirming hope that this calling is of
the Lord, utterly unworthy as I know I am, to do the least
thing for such a Master; as for the outward sacrifices attend.
ing this step, I count them as nothing, if I may but humbly
trust that my most gracious Lord and Master will, through
His own power, and His own mercy, keep those who stay,
as well as those who go, near to Himself. The pain of
leaving my most tenderly beloved family, my comfortable
and commodious home, with my delicate bodily frame, is a
sacrifice most willingly made by me, if those left do not suffer
harm by it. I believe I must go in faith, nothing doubting;




1827.]      LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.               387
trusting all to Him, who knows the deep, earnest petitions of
my heart, for them and for us, and who can work with or
without instrumentality.
Extracts from her own letters, furnish not merely the history of her journey, but an account of her natural fears, and
her spiritual consolations-the difficulties that appeared before her, and the power by which she was enabled to surmount them.
She was accompanied as far as Melksham by her husband.
Thence she proceeded with her brother, J. J. Gurney, by
Worcester, Colebrook-dale, &c., to Holyhead; where, joined
by her sister, Elizabeth Fry, they sailed for Dublin. There,
a great variety of weighty engagements occupied them
closely. They inspected several asylums, four jails, the
Bridewell, House of Industry, also a Nunnery; formed
Prison Committees, had important interviews with persons
in authority, visited many Members of our own religious
Society, and attended several large Meetings for worship,
some of them peculiarly favoured ones.
They pursued their journey, being similarly engaged in
many places-particularly in Armagh, and Monaghan,-to
Lisburn, where the Quarterly Meeting was held. The concluding Meeting for worship was, she says, "one of the most
solemn and striking I ever attended. The good power and
anointing distilled as the dew amongst us, to the great refreshment, I believe of all present. May my husband, children, brothers, sisters, and all near and dear to me, partake
of this joyous, glorious, full salvation."
The travellers visited a Moravian settlement near Lough
Neagh; and afterwards,. on their route, the Giant's Causeway. Of this grand specimen of the operations of an Almighty Hand, designed doubtless to be viewed by intelligent
beings, in the spirit of adoration and reverent awe of the
Infinitely Wise and Omnipotent Creator, Elizabeth Fry says,
in writing to her children,



388         LIFE  OF ]ELIZABETH  FRY.            [1827.
Walking over rocks, and at the edge of 3:liffs, we opened
upon this wonderful work of nature; like an unfinished building, formed of stones fitted into each other, being concave and
convex, and so rising in pillars of different heights, some
with three sides, some as many as nine, of various colours.
I am glad we saw it, as a fresh proof of the wonderful and
various works of God.
After visiting many other places-being closely occupied
at all the principal towns in the same round of services as
already described-they reached Waterford on the 12th of
Fourth Month. But the great fatigue and exposure to which
they had been subjected had caused each of the travellers to
become, in the course of their journey, considerably indisposed; but at this time Elizabeth Fry was seriously ill, and
more than a week's careful nursing was requisite to restore
her exhausted frame.
Her brother J. J. G., in a letter to a sister, remarked on
this circumstance;' It was no small trial of faith and patience to be detained at Waterford day after day, and there
was a considerable flatness in it."  For a time the dear invalid had much fever, and it excited no small alarm: but it.
proved to be of a low intermittent character, and was at
length subdued by quinine, so as to admit of their proceeding on the 19th to Clonmel, where the Quarterly Meeting
convened on the 21st. Elizabeth Fry, though still very unwell, was able to attend some of the Meetings held on that
occasion, and thence to go forward to Dublin to the Yearly
Meeting.
After arriving at home, she writesThe great numbers that followed us, almost wherever we
went, was one of those things that I believe was too much
for me, no one can tell but those who have been brought into
similar circumstances, what it is to feel as I did at such times;
often weak and fagged in body, exhausted in mind, having
things of importance to direct my attention to, and not less




1827.]     LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.               389
than a multitude around me, each expecting a word, or some
mark of attention. For instance, on one occasion a General
on one side, a Bishop on the other, and perhaps sixty other
persons, all expecting something from me. Visiting Prisons,
Lunatic Asylums, and Infirmaries; each institution exciting
feeling and requiring judgment. I endeavoured to seek for
help from above, and for a quiet mind, and my desire was,
that such times should not be lost upon those persons; they
ended frequently in religious opportunities, and many came,
in consequence, to our Public Meetings; however these
things proved too much for me, and tired me more than any
part of our service.
There were some, I believe, who feared my exaltation, and
if they judged from outward appearances, I do not wonder
at it; but a deep conviction of my own unworthiness and
infirmity was so living with me, that these things appeared
more likely to cast me into the dust, than raise me up on
high. We went on thus, from place to place, until we
reached Waterford; we had visited Limerick, Cork, and
other places. I felt completely sinking, hardly able to hold
up my head, and by degrees became seriously ill. Fever
came on and ran very high, and I found myself in one of my
distressing, faint states; indeed a few hours were most conflicting; I never remember to have known a more painful
time; tried without, distressed within, feeling such fears lest
my being thus stopped by illness, should try the faith of
others, and lest my own faith should fail. My pain too in
being from home was great. We were obliged to stop all
the Meetings that we had appointed for days to come; however, much as I suffered for a short time, I had most sweet
peace afterwards, my blessed Saviour arose with "healing in
his wings," delivered me from my fears, poured balm into
my wounds, and granted me such a sense of having obtained
full reconciliation with my God, as I can hardly describe.
All was peaces  I no longer hankered after home, but was
able to commit myself and those nearest, to this unslumber



390         LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.             L1827.
ing, all merciful, and all powerful Shepherd. By degrees
I was sufficiently raised up to attend Meetings, visit some
prisons, and see many persons, and we concluded our general
visit to Ireland, to my relief, peace, and satisfaction.  The
Yearly Meeting crowned all, as to our ministerial services
in our own Society. We left Waterford on the 11th of Fifth
Month, after visiting Wicklow and Wexford, at that time
remaining at Waterford a few hours only. We entered the
steam-packet, slept on board, and left the harbour about
three o'clock in the morning.
On arriving at Plashet she writesAlthough far from well, yet able to enjoy the sight of my
beloved family and sweet home. I find things going on to
my comfort and satisfaction; for this I desire to be humbly
thankful.
The week following was much occupied by the interests
of London Yearly Meeting.
A dispensation of most afflictive bereavement was now
impending over the family circle, in the decease of Rachel
Gurney, whose health had long been gradually declining.
She had been, for some weeks, at Brighton; her anxious
relatives having cherished the hope that a temporary residence there might recruit her enfeebled frame. At that
place she was visited by Elizabeth Fry, to whom she had,
from early childhood, been united in the tenderest affection.
The depth and fidelity of Rachel Gurney's attachment to
her sister had, in truth, been " wonderful."  Self-sacrificing,
considerate, and protecting-most sensitively alive to her
interests, her cares, and her joys; but there were distresses
approaching, from which this devoted friend and sister could
not have shielded her; and the mercy was apparent, when
little more than a year had passed by, of Rachel Gurney's
having been taken hence, without seeing one, so greatly
beloved, borne down by many sorrows.




1827.]      LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.               391
Whilst engaged in sedulously attending on this precious
invalid, the following entry was penned by Elizabeth Fry.
Brighton, Seventh 5Month, 20th. —When I arrived here, I
found my beloved sister Rachel exceedingly ill, with a fresh
attack of illness, and no sister with her; so that I was greatly
needed, and much as I had feared, that seeing this beloved
one in a low and suffering state, would be almost more than
I could support, I have been wonderfully shielded, and I
trust enabled to be a real help and comfort to her, in a time
of deep trouble. This I feel cause for humble and renewed
thankfulness, to be able, however feebly, to return the unbounded kindness of one, who has been so much to me.
May I continue strengthened in this most interesting engagement, and minister to the spiritual and temporal wants of
this tenderly beloved sister.
Plashet, Eighth Month, 2nd.-At Brighton, I had a meeting with the members of the District Society, which was
humbling to me, as such exposures always are, more or less,
and a real effort of duty; but I desired only to do it as such,
and was very much helped to keep my point, and go steadily
on with the business, to my satisfaction and I trust to the
benefit of the institution; which appears to have done much
good to the poor of the place. Nothing of the kind appears
to me to effect so much, as forming and helping these public
charities, because so many are assisted by them.  I understood that this Society last year induced the poor to lay by
amongst them, about ~2000.  Numbers of the distressed
had been relieved, and visiting the poor appears to have
been blessed, both to the visitors and the visited.  I also
called at one of the Blockade Service stations, and found that
the libraries I had sent to the Coast Guard Stations, after my
illness, three years ago, continued to be very useful to the
men and their families. Out of deep distress, I formed these
institutions, (if I may so call them) little thinking that an
illness that appeared to myself, as if it would almost take




392        LIFE  OF ELIZABETH FRY.                [1827.
away all my powers, should be the means of producing good
to so many-surely out of weakness I was made strong.
May it be a lesson to myself and others to bow under the
Mlighty hand of God, however mysterious His dispensations
may be.
I was enabled to attend to my beloved sister, during the
remainder of her stay at Brighton, and then brought her
home here; she left us for Earlham, on Second-day, the 30th.
Whilst on her journey home, Rachel Gurney wrote to her
sister Fry: —
" The quiet travelling has only been a luxury; both morning and
evening have been delightful to me, as to weather and scenery. I
have felt soothed and comforted, more than anything else. I amn
most deeply sensible of the blessing thou hast been made to me;
I think it seems to have put me more in the right way of taking,
bearing and feeling, my present allotment; above all, I trust it has
strengthened me in my best desires; and endeavours to walk
humbly with my God I"
We return to the journal.
Dagenham, Eighth Jionth, 15th. —My feelings have been
much excited, by the very serious account of my beloved
sister Rachel, implying a sensible decline of power and health,
which touches me in a most tender place. I may say, in the
prospect of losing her, that I shall lose the person that has
(taking life through) been more to me, than any other mortal,
in constant, faithful love, and kindness, and in ministering
to all my wants, according to her ability.  Oh! gracious
Lord! grant her a full reward here, and above all, hereafter;
but, I desire to return thanks for her prepared state of soul,
(as far as we can judge, one of another), and the many alleviations granted her. If she be taken,-my companion, my
friend, near my own age, —I think it will in no common
degree, bring death home to my view, and may it lead me
to have my heart really more placed on things above, less on
things below.




1827.]     LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                39 3
In reference to her husband and children, she makes the
following touching remarks:
22nd.-Itt is hard, very hard, a most difficult matter, to
know how to help those, whose welfare and salvation are
past expression near to us. We can only go to HIim, who is
willing and able, not only to hear our prayers on our own
account, but on account of those most tenderly beloved; and
who does, in His tender mercy, so bear our griefs and carry
our sorrows, that our souls can rest on Him. Oh! may I
ever have the encouragement of seeing those nearest to me
walking closely with God; not doing their own pleasure, or
walking in their own ways, but doing His pleasure and
walking in His ways. I believe it would bring unspeakable
joy, refreshment, and consolation to my soul; and may I
never cease to commend them to Him, who can work with or
without human instrumentality.
I went on Second-day to Lord Lansdowne (Secretary of
State) and the Under-Secretary, T. Spring Rice, on prison
matters, and was received with the utmost kindness and attention. The prison cause appears prosperous. On Third-day,
I attended the Monthly Meeting, and, much in the cross, with
great fear, weakness, and nervousness, I was enabled to minister consolation to others. Peace and refreshment followed to
myself, and although trials have since attended me, I feel the
sweet balm remain-that balm which heals the wounded heart.
25th. —I am, at times, reminded of these words in Job,
chapter xxxiv., 29th verse-" When he giveth quietness,
who then can make trouble? and when he hideth his face,
who then can behold him? whether it be done against a nation, or against a man only? "
HIow striking a proof of the truth of the Scriptures, and
that of which they testify, is the way in which they speak to
our individual experience. Oh, may I dwell nearer to the
source of all good, and live in a more devoted, quiet, humble,
watchful, dependent and resigned spirit.
50




394         LIFE OF ELIZABETH ERY.                [1827.
Earlham, 30th. —On Seventh-day, the 20th, my son John
came with an express from town, to say that the accounts
from Earlham were so much worse, that it was thought desirable that I should go as quickly as possible to Upton, to fix
whether to set off that day or not; this agitated me and
brought me very low, but on reading the different letters, and
seeking for a quiet mind, I believed that there was no such
hurry, and concluded to wait until after Meeting on Firstday, and an early dinner with my family, before setting off.
I find it very important in such cases as these, not to act upon
impetuous feelings, but upon quiet and sober consideration;
hurried movements rarely answer to ourselves or others.
We set off, and were favoured with a quiet journey, and a
hopeful one, as I could not believe that we should find any
very great change had taken place, and so it proved.  Our
much-loved invalid was certainly sunk, since we were last
together, and in many things gone some steps lower; but
there appeared to me so strong a vital principle remaining,
that I think weeks, rather than days, are likely to be her
portion here below.  Her mind is in a most favoured state;
she appears to feel it wonderful how easy her circumstances
are made to her; her fear of death seems to be removed from
her, she talks of it with ease, almost pleasure.  Last night
she said, that she wished not to be in other circumstances
than she was, the way in which she had found the fulness of
the power was quite beyond her expectation, and even her
trials only appeared now to fit her for greater joys. At times
her sinkings are great and also her sufferings, but in these
states, though naturally low, faith always appears more than
sufficient to sustain her, and she receives them only as a part
of the present work of preparation.  She said they led her
to desire to depart; but her wish was, to say from her heart,
" Not my will, but Thine be done."
Surely, this is a fresh proof of the wonderful work and
power of grace, and Christian redemption-what consolation
it brings! and how much we see, even in these times of deep




A27.]      LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                 395
trial, the mercy of a kind Providence, in granting so many
mitigations and alleviations. Surely, His tender mercies are
over all His works.
I think, I never am brought into contact with many of my
beloved brothers and sisters, without a very humbling feeling
of my own infirmity, and short-comings; I find them such
examples to me, and am ready to say within my heartthough I have come so publicly forward-though I have
preached righteousness in the great congregation, what will
become of me, and of my house? and where are there amongst
us the same fruits of the Spirit?
Passing through many domestic sorrows, and plunged into
deep baptisms of spirit, how dark, at times, were the clouds of
discouragement that concealed, from her mental view, those
rays of " the Sun of righteousness," that had so graciously
guided her in her path of devotedness to her God and Saviour! Yet, in all her distresses He was her refuge; and,
in His own time, He again arose upon her soul " with healing in His wings," proving Himself her "light" and her
"salvation," her " strong Tower " and her "' Deliverer."
My merciful fathetthas helped me, cared for me, sustained
and provided for me, and in many ways blessed me; but I
still see many hidden evils in my heart, and as for my family,
fears often get hold of me, and for myself also, lest I should
not walk worthy of my high and holy calling. I can only
intercede for us all, that, for the sake of Himn who came to
seek and to save that which was lost, our gracious God would
have mercy on us.  Oh, dearest Lord! Thou hast granted
the petition of Thine handmaid, for her brothers and sisters;
she now sees in them, in a great measure, the travail of her
soul, and is satisfied. Reject not her prayers, for her husband
and children; bring them by any ways, or by any paths, that
Thou mayst see meet, but let them also come to the knowledge
of the ever-blessed truth, as it is in Jesus, that they may be




396        LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.    [1827.
saved with an everlasting salvation. And oh, gracious Lord,
be with Thy poor servant to the end; and through the continued extension of Thy grace, Thy help, and Thy mercy,
let nothing ever be permitted to separate her soul from Thy
love in Christ Jesus, her beloved Lord, and all-sufficient
Saviour.
We pause to contemplate her affecting petition on behalf
of her husband and children.  "By any ways, or by any
paths, that Thou mayst see meet; but let them come to the
knowledge of the ever blessed truth as it is in Jesus."
The eternal well-being of every immortal spirit, was, in
her view, a subject of infinite importance; in comparison
with which, all temporal considerations were lighter than the
small dust in the balance.  Who then can estimate the unutterable anxiety of her soul, that these most tenderly beloved
objects of her conjugal and maternal affection, might yield to
the visitations of a Redeemer's love, and become "heirs of
salvation?"  She had cherished an intense desire that her
children might, from conviction, become " Friends,"-that
they might be brought to a saving knowledge of the truth,
under that form of Christian communion, which had been so
eminently blessed to herself, and that they might adhere to
the principles which, from having experimentally found their
inestimable value, she had earnestly laboured to implant and
enforce. Deep was her grief when she perceived that, as
years added to their mental and physical growth, they appeared less inclined to walk in that path in which she had
found the "pearl of great price."
There was, amongst her brothers and sisters, much of the
fruit of the Spirit, in dedication of heart and labours of
Christian love,-produced, in some of them, under an administration of religious truth differing from her own. It is probable
that an association with these excellent persons might tend
to strengthen the predilections of some of her own family, and
to encourage their eventually becoming detached from the




1827.]      LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                397
Society in which they had been educated. There was, however, other influence, which yet more powerfully led them
from " Friends;" an influence which Elizabeth Fry watchfully endeavoured to counteract, but which was not,within
her power to control; and many were the sorrows which she
had to endure from the diversity, in the modes of worship
and practice, consequent on her children becoming thus separated from her: but these sorrows did not abate her strong
parental affection, or her solicitude that each might be
brought unto Christ. In the deep fervour of her soul, her
prayers were continually poured forth that those most dear
to her-her husband and her children-might be made the
blessed partakers of the rest that Jesus gives.
Her journal proceeds-.Earlharn, Ninth MJIonth, 2nd, ]7irst-day.-My sisters Catherine, Rachel, Richenda and I have had a very remarkable
morning. I thought it better to stay at home from Meeting,
to be with my beloved, suffering sister. I had a desire for
some religious time with her. After she was dressed and
removed into the dressing-room on her couch, we read in the
Bible; but so overcome was she, from weakness and sleepiness, that she could not keep awake; however, we went on,
till I knelt down in prayer and thanksgiving for her and us;
this appeared more than to revive her; she prayed beautifully and powerfully for us then present, for all her sisters,
for my children, and for me and my dearest husband. Afterwards, she sent a particular message to some of the absent,
her " dear love, and that they should be told, what a rich
blessing she had found there was in seeking, first, the kingdom of God and his righteousness." The consoling effect
of this time lasted for many hours, so that our beloved invalid remained in a delightful state all day.
10th. —My beloved sister appeared much sunk last evening, but awoke early, greatly refreshed, quite clear, and
even very bright in her mind, and relieved from suffering.




398        LIFE  OF ELIZ.ABETHI FRY.             [1827.
In the night I went to her, and seemed unable to endure
witnessing her conflicts of body; but to my help and consolation, I found her thus relieved this morning.  So it is,
things too hard for us are not permitted; and my humble
trust is, that as trials come, so strength will be given to endure them.  My strong confidence for my beloved sister is,
that for her, way will, in tender mercy, be made "through
the valley of the shadow of death," and support granted to
us also; though from the weakness of the flesh, fears, at
times, overwhelm  me on this subject.  On seeing her so
comfortable, I said to her, " brooks are granted us by the
way;" she replied, " yes, and more of them the nearer we
approach the journey's end."
Her brother, J. J. Gurney, wrote of their beloved dying
sister.  " On  ~'s throwing out a hint respecting the' Sacrament,' she disclaimed any wish or intention to partake in
that ceremony; acknowledged that, in days past, she had
received benefit from the services of the Church of England,
but that she was now feeding exclusively on the substance,
and did, indeed, eat the flesh and drink the blood of the Son
of man.  I am truly thankful for her being brought to this
experience. Indeed, her abstraction from all dependence
on human help is wonderful."
15tk. —Sitting opposite to my most beloved sister in the
blue-room: —She appears to be gradually sinking into death,
and may we not humbly trust, and confidently believe, into
the arms of her God and Saviour. Grant Lord, I pray
Thee, if consistent with Thy holy and blessed will, that she
may fall asleep in Thee, and that no painful struggles may
attend her change; that quietly and imperceptibly she may
cast off this mortal tabernacle, (having already testified to us
her faith and her hope,) and be landed on the other side of
Jordan, awaking to joy and glory unspeakable.  And do
Thou, Oh Lord! sustain us also, in this time of trial, and




1827.1      LIFE  OF ELI ZABETI1 FRY.                  399
enable us in our low estate, to rejoice in Thee,  ouI Goc
and our Savio-r,: who yet giveth the victoIry over death, hel],
and the grave.
I have been alone: eand quiet a little w'hile9 3and I find in
this awful time that'" help is laid on One who is mighty;"
for that, which ever since I came to an age of ulndele standing
has appeared almuost imnpossible to bear, even the loss of Ur.A/s
sister, who has been like'filesh of ry flesh, and bone of
my bone," Z,,ow I arm enabied to receive, and bow under the
dispensation with peace.  I believe that she has done her
work, and that we have nearly finished our workl for her;
but, is there not an all-sufficient Helper near, who is holding
up her head above the waves of Jordan, that they overwhftelm
her not!
17th.-About three o'clock this morning,, our most tenderly-beloved sister depalrted this liie.  Late in the evening
she fell asleep, from which sleep she never appeared to awake.
They ca me to let ne iknoow  about twvelve o'clock, how she
was going on; but, at first, I felt unequal to going to her,
and she did not want me; bu.t gradually, I found my tril,)u]ated, tossed spirit, calmed, animated, and strengthened, so
thlit I joined the comnpany round her bed, where I remained
until the solemn close.  WVAe sat some time in deep silence 
then I knelt down, and asked that mourning and lamentation
might not be the garment of our spirits, but thanksgiving,
inasmuch as the warfare was accomplish ed the conflict overand, through the unmerited mercy of God, in Christ Jesus,
an entrance -was granted through the gates of the City, whose
walls are salvation and whose gates are praise. Then I prayed
for ourselves, that the loss of such a sister, who had, in so
remarkable a manner, ministered to some of our necessities,
might be made up to us by an increased portion of spirituzal
blessings, and that her various labours of love, to us and to
our children, might receive such a blessing, as to produce an
increase to our lasting good. After returning to bed, natural
weakness much overcame me; the death of the body, and its




400         LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.              [1827.
terrors, got hold of me, and the heavenly Inheritance appeared hidden from my view, for a time.  To-day, I feel able
to partake of the repose now granted us, in no longer having
to travel through "the valley of the shadow of death," with
one so beloved; and, in a measure, to partake of her rest, as
I believe I did, in no common manner, of her sufferings, as
if one with her in them.
19th.-Blue-room-with my beloved sister's remains. All
quietness, rest in comparison-over my own mind a solemn
feeling of peace, and this truth impressed upon me,'" There is
a rest for the people of God."  Several important lessons, I
think, I have learnt by attending this most beloved sister.
ist, That persons are apt to dwell more on the means of
grace, about which they differ, than its simple, pure operation, leading out of evil into good. This I have long believed;
but, seeing one who united, as she did with the good in all,
and could hardly be said to be'of any sect or body of
Christians, so grounded in the Christian life and practice,
proves experimentally, that being united fully to any set of
people, is not essential, and all minor points of difference of
comparatively little value.  2ndly, I learn to trust more,
and be less afraid. She, like myself, was liable to many fears,
particularly in her nervous sinking states-how little cause
had she for these fears, and how were the things that she
most dreaded remarkably a verted; also, That the last part of
a death illness gradually appears to diminish, rather than increase, in conflict, as with natural life and power, sensibility
to suffering lessens.  In short, the lesson taught us is, to seek
to serve and follow our Lord, and IHe will be with us, and
make a way for us, even to the end.  3rdly, That in passing through life, patience should have its perfect work, that
we should seek for a more willing mind to suffer, as well as
to do, the will of God, looking for daily help in this respect;
above all, that we should endeavour, in all things, for an
upright, circumspect walk before the Lord, speaking the
truth in love; that we should seek after full understanding




1828.]      LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                   401
of, and reliance on, the work of salvation through Christ,
and obtain (if possible) more knowledge of the Scriptures,
and a better acquaintance with religious books.
The remains of Rachel Gurney were interred in "c Friends"
[Burial Ground at Norwich, on the 23rd.  It was a solemn
and favoured time —Elizabeth Fry ministered to the assembly with much power.
On the 24th, she went to Lynn, and the following evening
wrote to announce the birth of a little grandson, thus rapidly passing from  the last, to the first scene in ~"man's
eventful history."  She had been anxious to come to her
child, and yet could scarcely leave Earlham sooner. To her
family at home she says, " I cannot but thank a kind Piovidence for bringing me here in the needful time, and thus
guiding my steps aright.'"
Plashet, First iMonthi, 3rd, 1828. —This year commenced
with many interests.  On the morning of tile new year, we
assembled almost all our large household, and mrany guests,
principally young people.  Before we began reading, I mentioned some of the striking marks of Providential care and
mercy shown to us during the last year.  We then read, and
afterwards had a solemn time, in which I returned thanks
"for mercies past, and humbly craved for more."  iMy
dearest brother Joseph joined us, and under a serious, yet
cheerful influence, our large party sat down to breakfast.
This is often to me a most agreeable time of the day,'after
the repose of the night, and often some spiritual refreshlment in our readings.  I can hardly say hlow much I enjoy
my family circle, and thankfully receive the blessings conierred on us.
31st. —During this month, my beloved fa:milv, husband
and children, have occupied most of my time and attention.
In our owln Society, I have had one importanit call
to Birmingham, to attend a funeral; a very serious and




402       LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.               [1828.
weighty occasion it proved; numbers of the children and
grand-children of the deceased, of various descriptions, were
present.  There was a crowded Meeting, and few ministers,
so that the weight of the service appeared to devolve on me,
there, and at the house.  The help granted me was marvellous in my eyes; and I was enabled, at these different times,
to preach the glad tidings, the liberty and the peace of the
gospel of Christ. So it is, out of weakness, we are, when
dependent on our Lord alone, made strong, and fear is removed in the most remarkable manner —my dearest brother
Samuel accompanied me-who has such brothers as I have,
to help in the needful time?  I think, as it respects the
ministry, I am never sonmuch helped as when without other
ministers to look to, my dependence being then singly on
my Lord, and on His anointing.  I yesterday went to see
one of my sons at school, and attended Epping Meeting,
which I thought a satisfactory time.  I tried to make my
visit pleasant to all the boys, by taking them a walk, and
giving them oranges; I like that the instruments, who communicate religious instruction to the young, should be pleasant to them.  I have had interesting, and encouraging communications from Ireland; as if in some parts particularly,
our labours there had not been in vain.  I have been to see
my sister Hoare, and have felt the value of the near union
between us; my dearest sister Rachel is often present with
me, the way in which I have been enabled to support this
inexpressible loss, is surprising to myself; surely it is only
the tender mercy of my God, that has thus healed my wound,
and upheld me under it. Indeed, at the close of this month,
I may raise up a fresh Ebenezer, and say-the Lord be
magnified, for His loving-kindness to me, His poor unworthy,
yet dependent one O!   h  m! ay Hie see meet to keep me in
the way that I should go, and preserve me from right hand,
and from left hand errors.
Second Jonth, 2ndal. —Yesterday, was a full day, and one
humbling in its effect.  In the first place, I earnestly de



1828.]      LIES  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.               403
sired preservation, that I might keep my eye single to God,
and not bow to man in spirit. I then went to town, and to
Newgate, under a feeling of rather deep concern, where I unexpectedly found nutnbers of persons; a magistrate, foreigners, a Jew, a clergyman, many ladies, some Friends, and my
brother Samuel. Before I began to read, I, in secret, asked
for preservation, at least it was my earnest desire to have my
eye kept single to my God. But either the fear of man got
too much hold of me, or the'"unction" was not with me,
for I did not feel the power of Truth over us, as it very often
has been at such times.  I am ready to believe, that if I had
not looked at man, but dwelt yet deeper in spirit, I should
have openly -called upon the Lord, and should have found
help and power in so doing.  I went away humbled.  I
then went with my beloved brother Samuel to the Bishop of
London, to talk to him about religious services with prisoners,
to inform him of our situation respecting it in Newgate, and
the extreme care necessary in the appointment of chaplains
for gaols; also to speak to him of the state of our parish.  I
spoke, I trust, to the point, and that good, and not harm, will
result from the visit; but I always fear, after such times,
lest I should have said too much. We then made a call, where
I pretty boldly spoke my opinions of theatres and public
places; and in reply to the question, How I went on, in reforming the world? I replied that my zeal was strong, in my
declining years, to do what little I could towards reforming
things. Afterwards I feared that I might have said too much.
We went to the Secretary of State's Office, and saw the UnderSecretary; there again, I had to speak my mind fully on
many things, prisons especially.
Now during this day, my services were numerous-some
of an important nature, and such as might. by some persons
be supposed exalting, to be admitted, although a woman, to
represent things of consequence to persons of influence and
power, and to be received as I am by them; but He who
searcheth the heart, only knows my humiliation, and how,




404         LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.               [1828.
in these services, fears for myself get hold of mne, lest 1
should bow to man, and not to God; lest any thing but the
simple object of promoting " the thing that is good," should
influence me.  This I certainly know, that such engagements
often bring me into deep exercise of spirit before the Lord,
that I may be kept, as a clean instrument ready for His service, and not become contaminated by the spirit of self, nor
the spirit of the world.  Truly, my desire is, to walk humbly, faithfully, circumspectly, before my God in the first
place, and, secondly, before my fellow-mortals; but ever,
and in all things, to seek to serve my Lord, doing His will
and His pleasure, before serving myself or others, or doing
my own will or the will of man.  Lord, continue to be my
help, my strength, my glory, and the lifter up of my head;
and if consistent with Thy holy vwili, bless my labours and
the labours of others, in these works of charity, and keep
us, the unworthy instruments employed in them, so as to be
fitted to perform them, or any other service Thou mayst see
fit to call us into.  Amen.
Third M11onth, 5th.-May I not say to 1Hirn, who seeth in
secret, Thou hast known my soul in adversity! but amidst
these dispensations, is not the " Lord known by the judgment
which he executeth?"  What peace, what blessing, what
fulness of help and consolation, have I also experienced.
HIow have gospel truths opened gradually on my view,
the height, the depth, the length, the breadth, of the love
of God in Christ Jesus, to my unspeakable help and consolation.
27th. —On Second-day, I attended the select Quarterly
Meeting, andl was appointed representative to the Yearly
MIeeting.  The next day the Mieetings were satisfactory.
How striking to.me, and how humbling-here am I, that
used to be one of the last, least, and lowest in this Quarterly
Aeetinrg, now obliged to be one of its foremost memrnbers in
the 3Meetings of Discipline; partly from  so many vacant
places being left amongst us, partly from my long experience




1828.]     LrIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                  405
of its ways, and many years in its service; and last of all,
truly, deeply unworthy as I am, because it has pleased a
kind Providence to grant me the unity of my beloved friends,
and thus to raise me up. My spirit, notwithstanding my
outward cheerfulness, was much bowed down within me, in
earnest cravings to be washed, renewed, and more fitted for
my Master's service.
In the Fourth Month, Elizabeth Fry accompanied her husband on a short journey. To visit some meetings of Friends,
and several Prisons formed her chief inducement, but she
also was glad to avail herself of the change of scene and
travelling for some of her family.
She writes to her children:From Matlock, _Fourth M2lontih, 19th, 1828.
The beauties of this delightful place, even amidst pouring
rain, are such, as to make me long to have you all around us,
to admire them. I am sitting in a bower window; a sweet
little garden, cut out of the side of a high hill on one side,
a deep valley on the other, the river Derwent at the bottom,
full with the late rains, flowing over rocks; and very high
rocky hills, covered with trees, beyond. We feel the comfort of quiet and rest the more, because we have had such a
very full time, almost as much so as in Ireland. At Leicester, Nottingham, and Derby-Meetings, Prisons, Friends,
other people, forming Prison Associations, and various engagements. My dear brother Joseph and I went forward to
attend the Quarterly Meeting at Nottingham, which we were
favoured to get well through. We then proceeded to visit
three Prisons and a Lunatic Asylum.
From Uttoxeter, Fourth rMonth, 21st.
Yesterday was very interesting. We went eleven miles to
sit at IMeeting with some persons of the lower class, in a
stocking-weaver's room; a very striking scene it was, and




406        LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FrY.               [1828,
very pleasant afterwards to see these poor people.  Txwe
Friends sitting, during the Meeting, on the stock;ing-loom
for want of chairs, and we believed that those chairs we had,
were lent by the neighbours to help the party out.  It is a
very remarkable case-a poor nman a wheelwright, in a little
out-of-the-way place called Cowhouse Lane, about ten miles
from  ls1atlock, became convinced of the principles of Friends
at a public meeting, and it has spread to several of his neighbours, who sit down in silence together on First-days.  We
were all much pleased and interested by them. We returned
to Matlock about four o'clock, and spent a quiet, pleasant
evening.
Plasket,.Fftih;tenth, 7tl,-I am  once more settled at
home; after a journey to Lynn, and into the midland
counties.  In the course of it, I visited thirteen prisons,
also some iMJeetings; often to my wonder, that so unworthy
an instrument should be so honourably made use of, to
minister to the spiritual state of others, and to visit, allnd be
the means of assisting, so many in prison, and in bonds.
Surely the hand of Providence is in some of these things,
small and great!  It was strikingly manifested in many
instances on this journey; I was enabled to form three new
Committees for visiting prisons, and to re-organise others,
in a way that I hope will prove useful.  Where my lot was
cast among Friends, I also found the best help to be near.
I attended the Derby and Nottingham Quarterly Meeting,
as well as several other Meetings, and met my dearest
brother Joseph at Leicester, where I was enabled to assist
him in the needful time; it appeared almost providential.
I walked into the Meeting where he was at Leicester; he
did not expect me, neither did I know he was in that town.
He appeared greatly in need of help, being fatigued and
very unwell. Since my return home, the British Society
loeeting has much occupied my attention. It was on the
last day of last month; it was a very numerous assemblage




1828.]       LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                 407
of ladies, many of them of high rank.  I had much to do
in it from time to time, when the different reports were
read; I explained a little, and at other times poured forth
much of my mind on the subject.  However, I went away
low and humbled at the conspicuous part I had to take, not
doubting that it would bring me into evil report, as well as
good report.  The general impression I hear was satisfactory, and I trust good was done: but I may set my seal to
this-that public services are fearful services, and none but
those engaged in them, know how much those are spared
who do good privately.  Still, if the M/aster calls us into
public duties, it is not only well, but honourable, and in them
much more good is accomplished, because so many are concerned; still, I would have no one seek for them, but if
rightly brought into them, preservation will, I believe, be
granted.  A watchful, humble spirit is called for; one that is
not exalted by the undue approbation of fellow-mortals, nor
too much cast down by disapprobation or evil reports. There
must also be willingness to commit all these works to Him,
who can prosper them or not, according to His own good
pleasure.
Plashet, Fifth sJIoth,  12i h.-Last Sixth-day, we had a
very interesting visit to Newgate.  Numbers were there;
clergy, some of the nobility, the sheriff,- many ladies, gentlemen, and. Friends.  It was a solemn time; the fear of man
much taken away.  After the reading, I had to speak to
them, and pray for them.  I have, of late, been surrounded
by my family, and deep cravings of spirit have been my portion for them.  Through all, T have, at times, almost panted
for a surer and better resting-place, more particularly where
there will be no more sin, or responsibility. I see much to
enjoy here; but the temptations that are in this world, at
times make me feel, if not weary of it, at least longing for
a Heavenly inheritance; although the fear of the passage to
it always makes me flinch firomi this great change, as well as
the knowledge of my unutlterable unworthiness.




408       LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.               [1828.
Since I last wrote my journal, death has been brought
closely home to me. I was unexpectedly called to attend
my dear Aunt C —, in a violent illness, which ended in her
death.  I went to her on Seventh-day, and for some hours
every day afterwards, and one night till she died.  I fully
believe her state was a blessed one, and that in her trial she
knew the Rock to be her stay. Still, as far as I can judge
from observation, death is, even to the righteous, an awful
conflict, generally attended with distress of body, reduction
of spirits, some obscurity of mind, and great difficulty in
communicating to others, either the wants or the feelings.
My aunt seemed, in her distress, to depend much upon me;
I appeared to be a comfort to her, and was enabled, in measure, to minister to her bodily and spiritual wants. The day
after all was over, and after having had a very solemn time
with the family, I became ill myself; much as I had been at
Waterford, hardly able to hold up my head, or go on my
way.  On Sixth-day I was worse.  It was a sudden unexpected loss of strength, being brought down as to the ground,
when I was anticipating, with no common degree of pleasure,
the Yearly Meeting, and, after it, my child's wedding, looking for rather prosperous days. As usual in my illnesses, I
was greatly cast down at times, and wonderfully reduced in
a short time.  In the midst of my conflict and distress, I still
thought I could see the hand of God in it, to keep me low;
may it be at His footstool.  I abounded also with outward
comforts and mitigations.  My husband, my sister- Buxton,
my children, my sister Elizabeth Fry devoted to me, I wanted
no outward thing; but was plunged under a deep feeling of
my infirmity, and great unworthiness before God. I am
now much relieved, very thankful, full of love, may I not
say to all; sweetly in unity with my beloved Friends at the
Yearly Meeting; in degree overflowing towards them all,
still abundantly sensible of my unworthiness before the
Lord.  Oh! may he see meet further to fit me, to suffer as
well as to do His will.




1828.]     LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                409
20th.-I think I am better, but am remarkably reduced for
so short an illness. If during such times of trial, or in the
end, —I am supported, the whole glory must be given to God;
for I think it impossible for any one to be more naturally distressed or overset by bodily illness. Even if my sun sets
under a cloud, all must be laid to my great natural infirmity
in this respect. With God all things are possible, but if He
should see meet, at that awful hour, to hide Himself from me,
may none be discouraged; but all look upon it as a dispen.
sation permitted, in some way for good. In times of health,
also, at times, in sickness, I have had to rejoice in His salvation, and frequently, when most favoured with clearness of
judgment, have perceived the wisdom and mercy of all His
dispensations, particularly some of these afflictive ones. Why
he saw meet to permit sin to come into the world is not for
us, poor, frail, finite mortals, to comprehend; but that we
have an enemy to buffet us, I cannot doubt. May we look
to that blessed day, when God shall be " all in all," and shall'" put all enemies under His feet," even Death itself. Dearest
Lord, increase my faith more firmly, more fixedly establish
me upon the Rock of Ages; that however the winds blow, the
rains descend, or the floods beat against me, I may not be
greatly moved; and let not any of the hindering or polluting
things of this world lessen my love to Thee and to Thy
cause; or prevent me from going steadily forward in heights
and in depths, in riches and in poverty, in strength and in
weakness, in sickness and in health; or prevent my following
hard after Thee in spirit, with a humble, faithful, watchful,
circumspect, and devoted heart. Amen.
At this time her daughter Richenda was married to Foster'
Reynolds.   Two days after this event, she writes in her
journal:The day before yesterday the wedding was accomplished.
The Meeting was solemn and satisfactory. Our bride and
bridegroom spoke well, and with feeling. My dearest brother
52




410        LIFE  OF ELIZABE TH FRY.              [1828.
Joseph prayed for them and ministered to them, as did others;
I prayed at the close of the Meeting most earnestly for them,
for the other young people, and ourselves further advanced
in life. After a short, solemn silence, the certificate was
read and signed. In the morning we had a satisfactory
reading with our children.
Thanks be to our Heavenly Father, there was, I think,
throughout the day a great mixture of real solemnity with
true cheerfulness. It was certainly no common day. Through
everything, order, quietness, and cheerfulness were remarkably maintained. After dinner I returned thanks for our
many blessings, and could, with a few present, feel how many
outward deliverances we had experienced; that we had had
our heads kept above the waters, spiritually and temporally,
and were able to have such a day of rejoicing.  Our dear
bride and bridegroom left us in the afternoon. The evening
was fine, and our lawn looked really beautiful, covered with
the large and interesting party. In the evening we assembled
together, and had a solemn religious time; giving, I trust,
the praise that was due alone to Him, from whom all good
and blessings flow.
It was remarkable that, during this cheerful evening, one
of Elizabeth Fry's daughters alluded, in conversation with
her mother, to the prosperity that surrounded them, to which
Elizabeth Fry returned this striking reply; —"but I have
remarked that when great outward prosperity is granted, it
is often permitted to precede great trials."  There is an old
rhyme which says,
"When joy seemeth highest
Then sorrow is nighest!"
Surely this was verified, in the contrast between that day,
and the events which so shortly followed.
Plashet, Eleventh AJonth, 4th.-I have been favoured to
partake of very sweet feelings of peace, and refreshment of




1828.]     LIFE OF ELIZABETH FRY.                 411
soul,-that which I am ready to believe, in the most unmerited mercy, is something of the " Well of water springing
up unto eternal life."  But I find outwardly, and about me,
there are storms; not, at present, so much in my very own
borders, as close to them.
5th.-The storm has now entered my own borders-once
more we are brought into perplexity and trial-but I have
this consolation, "' He will regard the prayer of the destitute,
and not despise their prayer." To whom can I go in this
time of emergency, but to Him who hitherto has helped me,
and provided for me and mine in a marvellous manner-made
darkness light before me, and crooked things straight? Lord!
Thou who remainest to be the God of my life, above all
things, in this our sorrow and perplexity, cast us not out of
Thy presence, and take not Thy Holy Spirit from us; keep
us from evil and from the appearance of it, that through the
help of Thy Spirit our conduct may be kept upright, circumspect, and clean in Thy sight, and amongst men! that, in all
things, at all times, and under all circumstances, we may
show forth Thy praise. Keep us in love and unity with those
with whom we have to act, even if they do contrary to our
wishes and judgment. But, oh, dearest Lord, if it be Thy
holy will, make a way of escape for us, from the calamity we
so much dread, and continue in Thy unmerited mercy to
provide for Thy unworthy servant, her family and all concerned in this trial, that we may not want what is good and
needful for us, and that others may be kept from suffering
through us. If it be possible remove this bitter cup from
us; yet, if it be Thy will that we drink it, enable us, through
the grace and spirit of Him who suffered for us, to drink it
without repining,-yet trusting in Thy love, Thy mercy, and
Thy judgment.
It was not, at this time, the will of God to remove " the
bitter cup" from His servant, but rather to grant strength
and grace to drink of it, as coming from Hifs holy hand.




412        LIFE  OF ELIZABETH F RY.    [1828,
The failure of one of the houses of business, in which her
husband was a partner, though not that which he personally
conducted, involved Elizabeth Fry and her family in a train
of sorrows and perplexities, which tinged the remaining
years of her life. Nature staggered beneath the blow-but
the staff on which she leaned could not fail her, and she fell
not.
-Eleventh Month, 25th.-I have been brought at times, into
little short of anguish of spirit; not I think so much for what
we must suffer ourselves, as for what others may suffer.
The whole thing appears fraught with distress.  When I
look at this mysterious dispensation, permitted by Almighty
wisdom, I am ready to say, How is it, Lord, Thou dealest
thus with Thy servant, who loves Thee, trusts in Thee, and
fears thy name?-and then, I say this is my infirmity,
thus to query. Need I not chastisement? Do I not deserve
it?  May it not be a mysterious dispensation of deep and
sore affliction, laid not only upon us, but upon others, to
draw us all more from the things of time, and to set us more
on the enduring riches of Eternity. I cannot reason upon
it, I must bow, and only bow, and say in my heart, which I
believe I do, " Not as I will, but as Thou wilt."  Well, if it
be of the Lord, let Him do as seemeth Him good. Lord, let
Thy grace be found sufficient for us, in this most awful time;
and grant that we faint not when Thou rebukest us!
On the following First-day, the question was much debated, as to whether she, and her family generally, should
attend their Meeting for worship, or not; but she was firmly
decided that itwas right to go, and of course she was accompanied by her husband and children. She took her usual
seat, bowed down and overwhelmed, with the bitter tears
rolling down her cheeks-no common thing with her.
After a very solemn pause, she rose with these words, her
voice trembling with emotion; " Though He slay me, yet




1828.]      LIFE  OF ELIZABETH FRY.                  413
will I trust in H-Iim;" and testified, in a few beautiful and
impressive sentences, that her faith and love were as strong
in the hour of adversity, as they had been in the time of
prosperity. Her friends were deeply instructed and affected,
marking, by their manner, and by their tears, their tender
sympathy and love.
To her only absent child she wrote, on the 27th of Eleventh MonthI do not like to pour out my sorrows too heavily upon thee,
nor do I like to keep thee in the dark, as to our real state.
This is, I consider, one of the deepest trials to which we are
liable; its perplexities are so great and numerous, its mortifications and humiliations so abounding, and its sorrows so
deep.  None can tell, but those who have passed through it,
the anguish of heart at times felt; but thanks be to our God,
this extreme state of distress has not been very frequent, nor
its continuance very long.  I frequently find my mind, in
degree, sheathed to the deep sorrows, and am enabled not
to look so much at them-but there are also times, when
secondary things arise —parting with servants, the poor
around us, schools and our dear Place. These things overwhelm me; indeed I think, naturally, I have a very acute
sense of the sorrow. Then, the bright side of the picture
rises. I have found such help and strength in prayer to
God; and highly mysterious as, in some points of view, this
dispensation may be, yet I think I have frequently, if not
generally, come to be able to say, "WNot as I will, but as
Thou wilt," and to bow under it. All our children, and
children-in-law, my brothers and sisters, our many friends
and servants, have been a strong consolation to me; and
above all, a little refreshment to my tribulated spirit has
been granted me at times, from what I trust are the wellsprings from on High.




414        LIFE OF ELIZABETH F RY.                 [1828.
To HER SISTER, BUXTON.
Plashet, Twelfth'Month, 2nd.
IMy dearest Hannah,
I have received your valuable and excellent letters; and
the advice, as well as consolation in them, I trust will do us
all good.  My desire is, that we may entirely, and altogether,
bow under our circumstances and the various pains attached
to them.  I feel with thee, and have felt all along, that a
still greater pain and trial might, in many ways, have been
permitted us; but one of its deepest stings is from the peculiar and perplexing nature of it. It abounds with temptation,
as my dear friend, Mary S, so deeply felthunder similar
circumstances; but there is a power that can preserve amidst
them all, and in this power I trust.  I see that I have many
blessings left, and do earnestly desire to estimate them as I
ought.  Your very kind offer for Hannah, I do not at present think it right to accept; I think it better for her to
drink the cup with us for a time, but I may be glad, before
long, gratefully to accept it.  I feel all your kindness, and
trust I shall never be a burden to any of you.  I expect our
way will open-we must commit it in faith.
The tide of sympathy flowed in from all quarters.  Many
letters conveying the expression of most deep and tender interest in her afflictions, were now received by Elizabeth Fry,
not only from near connections, intimate friends, and members of her own religious community, but also from individuals of every class, whose hearts had been impressed by
her piety and benevolence-from  distinguished nobles and
senators, and from persons of the humblest walks of life.
Whilst this precious servant of God was thus passing
through the furnace of adversity, the Compiler of this volunme
was privileged to belong to the Meeting (that of Gracechurchstreet) which, when her state of health permitted, Elizabeth
Fry constantly attended.  The opportunities of public worslhip, as well as many of a more private character, at which




1828.]      LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.               415
this afflicted handmaid of the Lord was united in worship
with her endeared friends, were often favoured with a solemnity, of which, perhaps, no adequate idea could be conveyed in words; and the offerings in prayer, as well as, at
seasons, of devout thanksgiving, which she was enabled to
dedicate to her Almighty Sustainer, were accompanied by a
heavenly power and unction, that cannot, even now, be remembered without a reverent and affecting sense of that
mercy and Fatherly loving-kindness, which thus strengthened
her to glorify God in this furnace of adversity. The sweetness of her disposition, and the remarkable wisdom  with
which she was endowed, shone, in this time of trial, with
increased brightness. She had a quality, difficult to describe,
but marked to those who knew her well, the power of rapidly,
and by a process of thought that she could herself hardly
have explained, arriving at the truth, striking the balance,
and finding the just weight of a doubtful question; no
natural gift could be more valuable than this, under such
circumstances.
Joseph and Elizabeth Fry resolved upon, at once, leaving
Plashet, and seeking a temporary home in Mildred's Court,
then the residence of their eldest son.  One great mitigation
attended this calamity, that the mercantile business, formerly
their grandfather's, and conducted by their father, remained
to the young men of the family, who were enabled, by the
important assistance of their mother's brothers, to carry it
on, and, by this means, aided by their uncles, to re-establish
their parents in comparative comfort. With quitting Plashet
came much that was sad-uprooting habits, long-formed
tastes and local associations, parting with servants, and leaving many old pensioners and dependants.
Elizabeth Fry had, for many years, displayed singular
wisdom and economy in her household arrangements, as well
as in her charities and benevolent objects, varying according
to the circumstances in which she had been placed.  To "be
just before generous," was a maxim often expressed to those




416         LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.             [182b.
around her.  On this occasion, these powers were called into
full action.
From some circumstances, connected with the impartial
exercise of the discipline amongst Friends, her husband and
children allowed their attachment to their own religious society to become weakened.
As the winter advanced, her health greatly failed. Truly
the sorrows of her heart were enlarged.  She exclaims in
her journal, (which was very irregularly kept,) that her
"soul was bowed down within her, and her eyes were red
with weeping." In addition to domestic trials, her tender
feelings were at times grievously and unnecessarily wounded,
and, from without, there was much of bitterness infused into
her daily cup, which can only be appreciated by those, who
have had to endure a similar calamity; but the meekness
and resignation of her spirit are evident from her entries in
her journal.
Plashet, Twefth MVionth, 1GtI.-I have had some quiet
peaceful hours, but I continue in the low valley, and naturally
feel, too much, leaving this sweet home, but not being well
makes my spirits more weak than usual.  I desire not only
to be resigned, but cheerfully willing to give up whatever is
required of me, and, in all things, patiently to submit to the
will of God, and to estimate my many remaining blessings.
I am sorry to find how much I cleave to some earthly things
-health, ease, places, possessions. Lord, Thou alone canst
enable me to estimate them justly, and to keep them in their
right places.  In thine own way, dearest Lord, accomplish
Thine own work in me, to Thine own praise! grant that, out
of weakness I may yet be made strong, and through Thy
power, wax valiant in fight; and may I yet, if consistent
with Thy holy will, see the travail of my soul, and be satisfied, as it respects myself and my most tenderly beloved
family. Amen!
3M/ildred's Court, First JCMonth, 19th, 1829. —My first journal in this year! What an eventful one was the last! pros



1829.]      LrIFE O   ELIZABETH  FRY.                    417
perity and adversity were peculiarly our portion. It has
been, in no common degree, a picture of life comprised in a
small compass.  However, through all, in prosperity and in
adversity, however bright, or cloudy, my present position or
my prospects may be, my desire for myself, and all whom I
love is this, so strongly expressed by the Psalmist, "I will
hope continually, and will yet praise Thee more and more!"
So be it, saith my soul, and if it be the Lord's will, may light
rise in our present obscurity, and our darkness become as the
noonday, both as to temporal and spiritual prospects!
The deep discouragement passed through by Elizabeth Fry
at this period, is evidenced by the following letter from her
kind and faithful friend, Winm. Wilberforce, to whom it would
appear, by the reply, that she had expressed some doubts of
the propriety of resuming her labours in the prisons.
" IHighwood Hill, Middlesex, 30t1 Jcanuary, 1829.' My dear Friend,
"Though my eyes are just now so indifferent that I must be
extremely sparing in the use of my pen, yet I cannot forbear or
delay assuring you, that I do not see how it is possible for any reasonable being to doubt the propriety, (that is a very inadequate
way of speaking —let me rather say, absolute duty,) of your renewing your prison visitations. A gracious Providence has blessed you with success in your endeavours to impress a.set of miserables, whose character and circumstances might almost have extinguished hope; and you will return to them, if with diminished
pecuniary powers, yet we may trust, through the mercy and goodness of our Heavenly Father, with powers of a far higher order
unimpaired, and with the augmented respect and regard of every
sound judgment, not merely of every Christian mind, for having
borne with becoming dispositions, a far harder trial, (for such it is)
certainly than any stroke which proceeds immediately from the
hand of God. Mfay you continue, my dear madam, to be the honoured instrument of great and rare benefits to almost the most pit.
iable of your fellow-creatures.
53




418        LIFE  OP ELIZABETH  rBY.               [1829.
" Mrs. Wilberforce desires to join with me in saying, that we
hope we shall again have the pleasure of seeing you, by and by, at
this place.  Ieanwhile, with every kind regard, and friendly remembrances to Mr. Fry, and your family circle,
" I remain, with cordial esteem and regard,
"My dear friend, very sincerely yours,' W. W~ILBERFORCE."
Mildred's Court, Third Month. —It appears late to begin
the journal of a year; but the constant press of engagements, and the numerous interruptions to which I am liable
in this place, prevent my having time for much writing. We
are remaining here with our son and daughter, and their
children, until there is some opening for having a settled
home.  However, my desire is, that we may, in faith and in
humility, entirely bow.  I have of late not visited the prisons,
and been much occupied at home; but I trust that I may be
permitted to enter this interesting work again, clothed as
with fresh armour, both to defend me, and qualify me for
fresh service, that my hands may be taught to war, and my
fingers to fight; and that if consistent with the will of my
God, I may, through the help of the Captain of my salvation, yet do valiantly.
Puring that mournful winter in London, there were periods
of peculiar suffering and anxiety.  Elizabeth Fry's own
health being so shaken by her severe mental distresses, as
nearly to confine her to her room, with a bad cough.  Her
beloved son WVilliam was on the bed of sickness, froom oppression of the brain, the result of an overstrained and exhausted mind.  Shortly afterwards, her daughter-in-law was,
in the same house, in an alarming state of illness, and a
friend who came to assist in nursing, was taken ill with the
measles.  The measles in a grown-up family becomes a serious disease. They were driven from London in consequence,
though too late to escape infection, and took shelter in the
vacant house at Plashet, which, for many sweeks, became a
scene of anxious nursing.




1829.]    LIFE OF ELIZABETH  PRY.                  419
Thence they removed, early in the Sixth Month, to a small,
but commodious dwelling, in Upton Lane, immediately adjoining the Ham House grounds, the residence of her brother
Samuel Gurney.
UjSton, 10tA. —We are now nearly settled in this, our new
abode; and I may say, although the house and garden are
small, it is pleasant and convenient, and I am fully satisfied,
and I am thankful for such a home.  I have, at times, been
favoured to feel great peace, and I may say joy, in the Lord,
-a sort of seal to the important step taken; though, at
others, the extreme disorder into which our things have been
brought by all these changes-and the difficulty of making
new arrangements, has harassed and tried me. But I trust
it will please a kind Providence to bless my endeavour, to
have and to keep my house in order.  Place is a matter of
small importance, if that peace, which the world cannot give,
be our portion, even at times, as a brook by the way, to the
refreshment of our weary and heavy laden souls.  Although
a large garden is not now my allotment, I feel pleasure in
having even a small one; and my acute relish for the beautiful
in nature and art, is, on a clear day, almost constantly gratified by a delightful view of Greenwich Hospital and Park,
and other parts of Kent, the shipping on the river, as well
as the cattle feeding in the meadows.  So that in small things
and great, spiritual and temporal, I have yet reason to raise
up my Ebenezer, and praise, bless, and magnify the name
of my Lord.
Sixt't Mlconth, 23rd.-I little expected to attend the Yearly
Meeting, having of late appeared to be so much taken out of
such things and such services, but, contrary to my expectation, way opened for me to attend every sitting, and to take
rather an active part in it, to my real consolation, refreshment, and help. The unity of Friends was remarkable. I
certainly felt very low at its commencement.  After having,




420        LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.            L1829.
for so many years, received dear friends at my house, and
that with such heartfelt pleasure, it tried, not to say puzzled
me, why such a change was permitted me. But I rest in the
weighty import of the words, " That which I do thou knowest
not now, but thou shalt know hereafter."




1829-1833. Summons to the death-bed of an aged friend-Of a
youth-Prepares her Text-book-Anecdote-Religious visit to Norfolk and Suffolk-Meeting oftheBritish Society-Visit to Sussex and
Surrey —Death of Robert Barclay-Of a grandson and nephewDeath of her uncle Joseph Gurney-Goes to his funeral at Norwich
-Kent Quarterly Meeting-Interview with the Duchess of Kent and
Princess Victoria —Yearly Meeting-Interview with Queen Adelaide-Convict ship-Dagenham-Public Meetings-Journey to Isle
of Wight, &c.-Events at Ilfracombe —History of Samuel Marshall-Death-bed of a converted Jew-Cholera-Yearly MeetingMeeting of the British Society-Visit to Wales and Ireland-Domestic interests-Sojourn in Jersey-Visit to Guernsey, &c.-Returns home-Illness of one daughter-Letter to another.
As we proceed with the journal of Elizabeth Fry, we perceive how deeply the sense of sorrow and of heavy trials was
impressed upon her heart.-The following entry is calculated
to renew our tenderest sympathy.
-Eighth Month, 29th, 1829. —Our wedding-day! twenty-nine
years since we married! My texts for the morning are applicable:-" Our light affliction which is but for a moment,
worketh for us a far more exceeding and eternal weight of
glory."-" We walk by faith, not by sight."  As far as we
can judge from external appearances, mine has not been a
common life. He who seeth in secret, only knows the unutterable depths and sorrows I have had to pass through, as
well as, at other times, I may almost say, joys inexpressible
and full of glory. I have now had so many disappointments in
life, that my hopes, which have so long lived strong, that I
should see much brighter days in it, begin a little to subside,
(421)




422        LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY                [1829.
and my desire is, more entirely to look beyond the world, for
that which can alone fully satisfy me; and not to have my
heart so much set upon the things of this life; or even on
those persons nearest me; but more set upon the life to come;
and upon Him who is faithful, and will be all in all to His
dependent ones.  At the same time I desire faithfully to
perform all my relative duties: and may my heart be kept
in tender love to all near to me.
Upton, Tenth JMionth, 2lst.-On ]First-day, we were rather
suddenly summoned to Plashet House, to attend Anna Golder
(aunt to my faithful Chrissy) who had charge of the house.
She was one of the lowly, retired, humble walkers before the
Lord; she was suddenly taken very ill, and died in half-anhour after her niece got there. It was apparently a departure
without sting, to mind or body; as far therefore, as it respected
her, all was peace. But to myself it was different.  I arrived
there after dark, drove once more into the dear old place-no
one to meet me but the poor man who lived in the house, no
dog to bark, nor any life nor sound, as used to be. Death
seemed over the place, such was the silence-until I found myself up stairs in the large, and once cheerful and full house;
when I entered the bed-room, there lay the corpse.  Circumstances combined to touch some very tender feelings, and
the inclination of my heart was, to bow down upon my knees
before the Lord; thankful, surely, for the release of the
valued departed-but deeply and affectingly impressed with
such a change! that once lively, sweet, cheerful home, lef
desolate-the abode of death-and two or three watchers. It
brought, as my visits to Plashet often have done, the hymn to
my mind,"Lord, why is this? I trembling cried?"
Then, again I find I can do nothing, but bow, trust, and depend upon that Power, that has, I believe, thus seen meet to
visit us in judgment, as well as in mercy!




1829.]     LIFE OF ELIZABETH  ERY.                   423
31st-Since I last wrote, I have been called to another
death-bed scene; our old and valued Roman Catholic friends,
the Pitchfords, have lost their eldest son, a sweet, good boy.
I felt drawn in love, I trust I may say, Christian love, to be
much with them during their trial; I felt it right to leave my
family, and spend First-day evening with them, when all
hope of the child's life was given up.  I had not only to
sympathize with them in their deep sorrow, but to pour forth
my prayer on their behalf. The next day I was with the
poor child when he died, and was nearly the whole day devoted to them.  We had a deeply interesting time after his
death —my dear friends themselves, all their children, their
mother, sister, and old nurse.  My mouth was remarkably
opened in prayer and praises, indeed, all day at their house
something of a holy influence appeared to be over us. A
fresh, living proof that what God had cleansed, we are not to
call, or to feel, common nor unclean.  It surely matters not
by what name we call ourselves, or what outward means we
may think right to use, if our hearts are but influenced by
the love of Christ, and cleansed by his baptism, and strengthened by His spirit, to prove our faith by love and good
works.  3tith ceremonies, or wit/tout ceremonies, if there be
but an establishment upon the Rock of Ages, all will be
well. Although I am of opinion, the more our religion is
pure, simple, and devoid of these outward forms, the better
and the safer for us; at the same time, I do earnestly desire a more full union amongst all Christians, less judging
one another, and a general acknowledgment, in heart,
judgment, and word, of the universality of the love of
God, in Christ Jesus our Lord.
Amidst Elizabeth Fry's numerous avocations, she found
time to select a passage of Scripture for every day in the year.
She endeavoured to combine in it, that, which is " profitable
for doctrine, for reproof, for correction, for instruction in
righteousness;" and, in a little preface, she urged the import



424         LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                [1830.
ance of so seeking to appropriate the truths contained in
it, with a heart uplifted, that the blessed Spirit might apply
the word; and concludes, "The rapid and ceaseless passing
away of the days and weeks, as well as the months of the
year, as numbered at.the head of each day's text, it is hoped
may prove a memento of the speed with which time is hastening on, and remind the reader of the importance of passing it
as a preparation for eternity, in the service of God and for the
benefit of mankind." As soon as her little work was finished
and printed, she began its distribution; many thousands of
copies did she give away, being amply supplied, from the
stores of affluence, with the right means of dispersing them.
Great numbers were otherwise circulated.  Where have not
these little text-books penetrated, from the monarch's gilded
hall to the felon's dungeon?
Many instances of their usefulness came to light. The
following narrative will interest the reader:"Two or three years after their publication, a text-book, bound
in red leather, which she had given to a little grandson, fell out of
his pocket at the Lynn Mart, where he had gone to visit the lions.
He was a very little boy, and much disconcerted at the loss of his
book, for his name was in it, and that it was' the gift of his grandmother,' written by herself. The transaction was almost forgotten,
when nearly a year afterwards, Richardson Coxe, the clergyman
of Watlington, a parish about eight miles from Lynn, gave the
following history of the lost book. He had been sent for to the
wife of a man living on a wild common on the outskirts of his
parish, a notorious character, between poacher and rat-catcher.
The message was brought to the clergyman, by the medical man
who attended her, and who after describing her as being most
strangely altered, added,'you will find the lion become a lamb,'and so it proved; she, who had been wild and rough, whose language had been violent, and her conduct untamed, lay on a bed
of exceeding suffering, humble, patient, and resigned.
C"Her child had picked up the text-book, and carried it home
as lawful spoil. Curiosity, or some feeling put into her heart by




1830.]      LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                  425
Him without whom a sparrow falleth not to the ground had induced
her to read it; the word had been blessed to her, and her understanding opened to receive the gospel of truth.  She could not
describe the process, but the results were there. Sin had, in her
sight, become hateful; blasphemy was no longer heard from her
lips.  She drew from under her pillow, ler'precious book,' her'dear little book,' which had been the means of leading her soul
to Him, who'taketh away sin.' She soon afterwards died in
peace and in joyful hope."
Elizabeth Fry believed it to be her religious duty to lay
before her Monthly Meeting, a concern, which had for some
time rested upon her mind, to pay a religious visit to parts
of Suffolk and Norfolk, and attend the Quarterly Meeting
at Ipswich.  Doing this, involved many pains and much
effort.  It was with fear and trembling, that she set forth on
this errand of Christian love.  She was accompanied by her
sister-in-law, Elizabeth Fry, and their valued friend Joseph
Foster.
She wrote while on this little journey, to her children at
home, upon their being invited to attend, what is called, the
"consecration of a Church," and to be present at a party
afterwards.
Earlham, Third dont7h, 23rd, 1830.
My most beloved Children,
The information received to-day, that you should, any of
you, have admitted a serious thought of attending our kind
friend's party on the 31st, surprises and pains me; not but
that I am also fully sensible of your willingness fully to be
guided by my judgment in it.  With respect to those over
whom I have authority, I feel it impossible to leave them, in
any degree, at liberty about it-it is a thing that must not be.
I look upon it, not only as perfectly inconsistent with our
views as Friends, but perfectly so for all religious professors 
because, if I did approve of consecrating a church for the
54




426         LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.              [1830,
worship of the Almighty, I could not possibly conceive it an
occasion for amusement or gaiety, but one of real seriousness.
I see the thing to be altogether inconsistent with religious
truth, both as to the thiing itself, and this commemoration of
it, and I trust that none of you will be present. I am sure
it was, in the first instance, your own view of the case, therefore do not, my dearest children, be shaken in your judgments about it; I believe it will be a cross that you will
never repent taking up, but on the contrary, be glad that
you have done so; for sacrifices must be made to duty.
ljp)ton, Fourth Month, 26th.-My arrival at home was
clouded by a party, to which my children were invited, and
rather wished to go. We had some pains about it-my path
is a very peculiar one; and, as to bringing my family up
consistent Friends, a most difficult one. My husband not
going hand in hand with me, in some of these things, and my
children, in no common degree, disliking the cross of the
minor testimonies of Friends, and, from deeply sorrowful
circumstances, often having had their faith in them  tried,
also their being exposed unavoidably, to much association
with those, who do not see these things needful.  My desire
is, only to do what is for the real good of my children, and
for the good of the cause which I love, and leave myself altogether out of the question, whether it bring me into evil
report, or good report. I have often been brought by these
things, especially of late, into deep conflict of spirit, and out
of the very depths can only cry, Lord, help and guide me!
and give us not over to the will of our spiritual enemies.
Sixth Month, 7th.  I had a difficult path to tread during
the Yearly Meeting.  I did not, of course, receive Friends,
but went as I was kindly asked, to various houses. I could
not but, at times, naturally feel it, after having, for so many
years, delighted to entertain my friends, and those whom I
believe to be disciples of Christ, and now. in considerable
degree, to be deprived of it.  But, after relatlnff my sorrowsq




1830.]      LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                   427
I must say, that through the tender mercy of my God, I have
many blessings, and what is more, at times, such a sweet
feeling of peace, that I am enabled to hope and trust, that,
through the unbounded and unmerited mercy of God in
Christ Jesus, my husband, my children, and myself, will
eventually be made partakers of that salvation, that comes
by Christ.  The state of our Society, as it appeared in the
Yearly Meeting, was satisfactory, and really very comforting
to me; so much less stress laid upon little things, more upon
matters of greater importance, so much unity, good-will, and
what I felt, Christian liberty amongst us-love appeared
truly to abound, to my real refreshment.  I am certainly a
thorough Friend, and have inexpressible unity with the principle, but I also see room for real improvement amongst us;
may it take place: I want less love of money, less judging
others, less tattling, less dependence upon external appearance.  I want to see more fruit of the Spirit in all things,
more devotion of heart, more spirit of prayer, more real cul-.
tivation of mind, more enlargement of heart towards all;
more tenderness towards delinquents, and above all, more of
the rest, peace, and liberty of the children of God!
I lately paid an interesting visit to the Duchess of Glqucester.  Our British Society Meeting has been well got
through. There is much yet doing in this cause. Oh! for
a right, and diligent, and persevering spirit in it, and may
the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with all those who are
engaged in it.
The accounts received at this Meeting from various Comin
mittees for visiting female prisoners in Great Britain, were
very encouraging. The following letter was at this time
addressed to Elizabeth Fry:"Liverpool: Sixth 2rontzh, 23rd, 1830.
6' The Ladies' Committee who visit the House of Correction at
Kirkdale, near Liverpool, beg Elizabeth Fry's acceptance of a




428         LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                 [1830.
counterpane worked by the female prisoners, and trimmed with a
fringe of their making.  This memorial of a class of her unhappy
fellow-creatures, so eminently benefited, and tenderly felt for by
Elizabeth Fry, will, the Comimittee believe, be peculiarly grateful
to her, as well as being a proof of their own affectionate regard.
"' Signed, on behalf of the Committee, by
4  REBECCA CHORLEY, Secretary."
A counterpane, elaborately embroidered, accompanied
this letter.
From Hlamburgh, Elizabeth Fry received an application
that a copy of her likeness might be engraved for an Almanack published by Beyerink, entitled, "For that which is
Beautiful and Good."
With this was sent to her the following translation of
some lines, inserted in the "Almanac for the [Beautiful and
Good."
"1 830.-Though faithful to her duty, as a wife and mother,
into the night of the prison Elizabeth Fry brings the radiance of
love —brings comfort to the sufferer, dries the tear of repentance,
and causes a ray of hope to descend into the heart of the sinner.
She teaches her that has strayed, again to find the path of virtue,
comes as an angel of God into the abode of crime, and preserves
for Jesus's kingdom that which appeared to be lost.  Is not this,
indeed, what may be called, loving our neighbour more than one's
self?
" Leeuwaarden, September, 1829."
From Berlin, Elizabeth Fry had received letters from
the Countess Yon der Groeben, giving encouraging details
of the results of Ladies visiting Prisons; and there, and
at Potsdam also, of the establishment of places of refuge
for such liberated prisoners, as seemed anxious for amendment.
The effect of kindness, and patient instruction, even on
the most abandoned creatures, was beautifully described in
a letter from "Madame Potemkin nde  Galitzin," addressed
to Elizabeth Fry, from Petersburg.




1830.]      LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.               429
Upton, Ninth liMonth, 11th.-I felt it right, yesterday, to
lay before the Monthly Meeting, a view that I have had of
attending the Quarterly Meeting of Sussex, and some of its
particular Meetings. May sister Elizabeth Fry felt disposed
to join me. It appeared to meet with rather unusual unity,
therefore we are likely to go forward in it.
Tenth Month, 12th.-We, (my sister E. F., my brotner
Samuel Gurney, and myself,) returned home from our journey on Seventh-day evening, after being out a week and two
days. We were, in the first place, outwardly cared for by
our dear friend Joseph Foster, who is truly a helper, spiritually as well as naturally; he accompanied us to Horsham,
where, as usual under such circumstances, I felt ready to
query, why I was there, and fears got hold of me.  Friends
received us with much kindness and apparent openness.
At Brighton, Elizabeth Fry attended the ~Meeting for
Friends on the First-day morning, and in the evening held
a large Meeting with persons of different persuasions.  She
had, at the Pavilion, an interview with the Countess Brownlow, and through her, communicated a message of serious
import to Queen Adelaide; the substance of which is recorded
in herjournal as follows:
My prayer for the King and Queen was, that a blessing
might rest upon them; that they might be strengthened by
the spirit of God, to do His will, and live to His glory, (or
to that purpose); then, for the Queen, I felt the great importance of her situation, that she was indeed like a city set
upon a hill, amongst women; and my desire for her was, that
her light might so shine before men, that they, seeing her
good works might glorify our Father who is in Heaven. I
expressed my desire that, for the good of the community, she
might promote the education of the poor, the general distribetion of the Scriptures, and the keeping the Sabbath seririously, by discouraging parties, &c., &c., on that day amongst




430        LIFE  OF ELIZABETH FRY.                [1830.
the higher ranks, as I was sure the tendency of them was
very injurious to the lower classes, and to the community at
large.  Then I touched on the anti-slavery subject, and the
abolition of capital punishment; and presented to the Queen,
my brother Joseph's Essays, also his Peculiarities of Friends,
and my little book on visiting Prisons.
On Fourth-day morning, after several calls, and attending
a Bible Meeting, we dined with some Friends very agreeably,
and, in the evening, met about seventy persons on account of
the District Society. It was truly encouraging to me, to
hear what wonders it had done for that place.  We had a delightful Meeting, a great variety of Christians present, and
so miuch good-will and unity felt, that it comforted my heart
At its close, our dear and valued friends Charles Simeon and
Joseph Hughes gave us some sweet religious counsel; I felt
the power such, that I could not help following them, and
found that "out of the fulness of the heart the mouth
speaketh "-giving glory to the Lord.
On fifth-day, several of the higher classes were invited to
Meeting, and to my own feelings, a remarkable time we surely
had; it appeared as if we were over-shadowed by the love
and mercy of God our Saviour. The ministry flowed in beautiful harmony, I deeply felt the want of vocal prayer being
offered, but I did not see it my place upon our Meeting assembling together, when, to my inexpressible relief, a friend
powerfully and beautifully  offered up thanksgiving and
prayer, which appeared to rise as incense, and as an acceptable sacrifice.  After a time of silence, I rose with this text:
"' There are diversities of gifts, but the same Spirit; differences
of administration, but the same Lord; diversities of operations, but it is the same God who worketh all in all."  In a
way that it never did before, the subject opened to my view,
whilst speaking; how did I see, and endeavour to express,
the lively bond of union existing in the Christian Church,
and that the humbling, tendering influence of the love and
power of Christ, must lead us not to condemn our neighbours,




1830.]     LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                431
but to love all.  I had to end the Meeting by praying for the
King, Queen, and all their subjects every where; for the advancement of that day, when the knowledge of God and IHis
glory would cover the earth as the waters cover the sea; for
those countries in Europe that are in a disturbed state, and
that these shakings might eventually be for good. After a
most solemn feeling of union, the Meeting broke up.
I have been thus full in the account of this journey, because
it is, I think, well, in this way, to leave some memorial of
the tender dealings of my gracious Lord and Master with me,
when engaged in His service.
bUvton, Eleventh M]fonth, 3rd.-We returned home yesterday from Bury Hill, where my brother Samuel and myself
went on Seventh-day, in consequence of the death of my dear
uncle Barclay, whose funeral we attended the preceding
Sixth-day, when thirteen of his children and children-in-law
attended. It was to me very affecting, following the remains
of this dear uncle to the grave, who was such a kind, generous
friend, and helper to me. It is very striking to see one generation so nearly gone; so many of us, now entering the
evening of our day, and our children and children's children
coming up after us. Life thus passing away,'~ as a tale that
is told."
Twelfth jMonth, 7th.-May I be enabled so to give an account of the various dealings of the Almighty with me and
mine, that it may be useful to some, at least to my most beloved
children and children's children. I have to begin with rather
a melancholy tale:-'My beloved children, Foster and Richenda Reynolds, lost their sweet baby upon the 4th of last
month, after a few days' severe illness. Death is awful and
affecting, come as it may! and this I truly felt, when seeing
the sweet babe in its coffin, still retaining its beautiful colour.
I could not but feel the uncertainty of all our possessions,
yet the comfort, that death had only entered our family and
taken one for whom we could feel no fear for the future. At
her grave, the desire was very strong within me, that we




432         LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.              [1830.
might all become like little children, fit to enter the kingdom
of God, being washed and made white in the blood of the
Lamb.  Since then, my dear nephew Harry Buxton has been
called hence. His end appeared, in no common degree,
peace, if not joy, in the Lord. He was about seventeen
years of age-a remarkable instance of the care and religious
instruction of parents being blessed; he was greatly protected
through life, from any evil influences, and carefully and diligently instructed by his dear mother, particularly in all religious truth.  He was a child, who in no common degree,
appeared to be kept from evil, and to live in the fear and
love of the Lord; he was cheerful, industrious, clever, very
agreeable, and of a sweet person-a very deep trial it is to
his dear parents to lose him. Still I feel, as if I could give
up all my sons to be in such a state; but I may be mistaken
in this, and perhaps my Lord may yet be pleased, to raise
them up to His service here below, which would be a greater
blessing, than having them taken in the morning of the day.
First Month. 11th, 1831. —Ahen dressing, last First-day
fortnight, A~  came in to tell me, that my dear and valued
uncle Joseph Gurney had suddenly dropped down dead, at
his house at the Grove, near Norwich, my aunt only with
him at the time. It exceedingly affected me, for he was
very dear to me, and more like a father than any one living;
he was one in whom the religious life was beautifully manifested, more particularly in his humility, in his cheerfulness,
and in his obedience. He was a lively minister of the gospel,
a valuable and a delightful man, and his loss is indeed very
great to those nearest to him, as well as to many others. I
had a painful struggle, to know whether I ought to go to his
funeral, or not.  However, I decided to go, in which I felt
peace, and then could leave it all comfortably. I have
seldom, of late, felt more discouraged from a deep sense of
the evil of my own heart, than when I first arrived at Earlham. There are times, when with my brothers and sisters
particularly, the contrast of my circumstances with their's




1831.]     LIFE OF ELIZABETI-I FRY.               433
pains me; the mode of my feeling these things oppressed me.
I walked alone through some beautiful parts of Earlham, and
how did it remind me of days that are past! The sun shone
brightly, and hardly a tree, a walk, or a view, but brought
interesting remembrances before me; how many gone! how
many changes! and then how far was I ready for my great
change? It was New Year's Day; little did I expect to
keep it there. I returned to the house, wrote to my husband
and children, and poured out a little of my heart to them.
I went to the Grove —felt my much loved uncle really gone
— all changed there. I went to Norwich to call on a few
sick, &c.; the place the same, but again how changed to me!
However as my dearest family assembled, I became more
comfortable.
Upton, Third fionth, 19th.-I went on Second-day to attend the Kent Quarterly Meeting, accompanied by my dear
sister Elizabeth Fry, and by Joseph Foster.  I was much
engaged from  Meeting to Meeting, laboured to encourage
the low, the poor, and the sorrowful; to lead to practical
religion, and to shake from all outward dependencies, and to
show that our principles and testimonies of a peculiar nature,
should not be maintained simply as a regulation amongst us,
but unto the Lord, and in deep humility, in the true Christian
spirit, particularly as to tithes, war, &c. I felt much peace
afterwards, and in going from house to house, breaking, I
trust, a little bread spiritually, and giving thanks. It appeared very seasonable, though long delayed, as I have hadll
it on my mind many months, but hitherto have been prevented by various things; yet this appeared to be the right
time; and I take the lesson home, quietly to wait for the
openings of Providence, particularly in all religious services,
and not to attempt to plan them too much myself.
The kindness of Friends was great, and I received much
real encouragement from them; some from the humble ones,
that did my heart good. Indeed I cannot but acknowledge,
in humiliation of spirit, however any may reason on these
55




434        LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.              L1831
things, and however strange that women should be sent out
to preach the gospel, yet I have, in these services, partaken
of joy and peace, that I think I have never felt, in the same
degree, in any other.
Fifth Month, 14tht.-About three weeks ago, I paid a very
satisfactory visit to the Duchess of Kent, and her very pleasing daughter, the Princess Victoria. William Allen went
with me. We took some books on the subject of slavery,
with the hope of influencing the young princess in that important cause. We were received with much kindness and
cordiality, and I felt my way open to express not only my
desire that the best blessing might rest upon them, but that
the young princess might follow the example of our blessed
Lord, that as she "' grew in stature, she might grow in favour
with God and man."  I also ventured to remind her of King
Josiah, who began to reign at eight years old, and did that
which was right in the sight of the Lord, turning neither to
the right hand nor to the left, which seemed to be well received. Since that, I thought it right to send the Duke of
Gloucester my brother Joseph's work on the Sabbath, and
rather a serious letter, and had a very valuable answer from
him, full of feeling. I have an invitation to visit the Duchess
of Gloucester next Fourth-day; may good result to them,
and no harm to myself, but I feel these openings rather a
weighty responsibility, and desire to be faithful, not forward.
I had long felt an inclination to see the young princess, and
to endeavour to throw a little weight in the right scale,
seeing the very important place that she is likely to fill. I
was much pleased with her, and think her a sweet, lovely,
and hopeful child.
The Yearly Meeting begins next week; I am rather low
in the prospect, having no house to receive my dear friends
in London continues to be a pain to me. I desire to attend it
in all humility, looking to my Lord, and not unto man; I
desire to be kept in the unity of those with whom I am in




1831.]       LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                 435
religious communion, for I am one with them in principle
but we must forbear with each other in love, and endeavour,
through every trial of it, "' to keep the unity of the Spirit
in the bond of peace." Be pleased, oh Lord! to be near
to Thy most unworthy servant, defend her with Thy own
armour from the various shafts of the adversary, keep her
safely in Thy "' pavilion from the strife of tongues.." If Thou
see meet to call her into Thy service, be a light unto her feet,
and a lamp unto her path.
Sixth MIonth, 3rd.-The Yearly Meeting has concluded
this week. I was highly comforted by the good spirit manifested in it by numbers. I think I never was so much
satisfied with the ground taken by Friends, leading us to
maintain, what we consider our testimonies, upon a scriptural
and Christian ground, rather than because our forefathers
maintained them.  My opinion is, that nothing is so likely
to cause our Society to remain a living and spiritualbody, as
its being willing to stand open to improvement; because, it
is to be supposed that as the Church generally emerges out
of the dark state it was brought into, its light will shine
brighter and brighter, and we, as a part of it, shall partake
of this dispensation.  My belief is, that neither individuals,
nor collective bodies, should stand still in grace, but their
light should shine brighter and brighter unto perfect day.
My dearest brother Joseph had a valuable Meeting for the
youth, further to instruct them in Friends' principles, which
delighted me; he was so clear, so sound, so perfectly scriptural and Christian, and so truly in the spirit of charity and
sound liberality, not laxity.
25th.-I must give an account of the British Society Meeting. It was, I trust, well got through, and I feel the way in
which its objects prosper, cause for humble thankfulness.
Surely, the result of our labour has hitherto been beyond my
most sanguine expectation, as to the improyed state of our
prisons, female convict ships, and the convicts of New South
Wales. I desire to feel this blessing and unmerited mercy




436        LIFE  OF ELIZABETH FRY.               [1831.
towards us, and those poor creatures, as I ought, in humility,
and true thankfulness of heart.
There was, at this time, a bazaar, or sale, to replenish the
funds of the hospital ship in the river Thames, so often
greatly needed to assist mariners, &c., disabled by accident or
disease. Elizabeth Fry was interested in its success, and
was inclined to go.. She was the more induced to do so,
from finding that Queen Adelaide and several others of the
reigning family were likely to be present. She had, for a
considerable time, been desiring to obtain introduction to
the Queen, because until this was accomplished, the etiquette
of the court forbade Elizabeth Fry's bringing before her any
of those important subjects on which, in her exalted and
responsible station, she might, if her feelings could be interested in them, become a powerfully efficient helper, and thus
be rendered a special blessing to the community over which,
in the ordering of Providence, she was so conspicuously
placed. Elizabeth Fry, after having, as she says, " seriously
weighed it by night and by day believed it right to go."
She was accompanied by her sister Catherine Gurney.  On
arriving, she was " discouraged at the gaiety of the scene,
and was disposed to retreat"-her sister, however, believed
it best to proceed, and they were quickly recognized by Captain Young, who led them to a private apartment, to which
the Queen and her party soon afterwards repaired. Some
of them respectfully noticed Elizabeth Fry, the Duke of Sussex met her with much kindness, and introduced her to the
Queen, who was evidently gratified by the interview.  This
opened the way for subsequent communications, from which
good resulted in various directions; and it became strikingly
manifest that there was, in the heart of this estimable Queen,
a sentiment that responded to the suggestions of benevolence.
Her charities were diffusive, and her pious devotion and love
to her Redeemer instructive and consoling; the termination
of her earthly course being marked by the resignation, and
true peace, of the humble believer in Christ.




1831.]     LIFE OF ELIZABETtH FRY.                437
Elizabeth Fry speaks of this interview as a remarkable
opening; and adds, " my desire is, that it may please the
RMost High to bless it, that good may result from it."
I lately have had a deeply interesting visit to a female
convict ship; surrounded as I am, at such times, by poor
sailors and convicts, it is impossible not to feel the contrast
of the circumstances in which I am placed. The last time I
was in the ship lMary, there was such a scene around meparting from them, probably for ever. So many tears were
shed, so much feeling displayed-and almost all present of
the low and the poor. Then, within a few days, to be in
such a scene of gaiety; though the object in view was good,
surrounded by royalty and the great of this earth.  The contrast was striking and instructive. I ought surely to profit
from the uncommon variety that I see, and the wonderful
changes that I have experienced in being raised up, and cast
down.  Oh! may it not prove in vain for myself and others.
Dagcenham, Seventh Month, 6th. —I have now before me,
some deeply weighty family matters respecting my children.
May the Lord in His tender mercy, be pleased to direct me
in my conduct towards them. May I be enabled truly, faithfully, and humbly to do my duty towards them.  Oh Lord!
be Thou my helper and their helper, my guide and their
guide, my defence and their defence, and whatsoever is right
for them bring to pass; whatsoever wrong, prevent by Thy
power and Thy providence. Amen!
At our last Monthly Meeting, I proposed to Friends to
hold a Public Meeting at Maldon in Essex; and some Meetings among the lower classes around Barking and Dagenham.
This is a weighty service; may the Lord be with me in it, to
my own help, and the comfort and real edification of those I
am thrown with; and may my beloved family partake of it.
Eighth Month, 1st.-Last evening we finished our Public
Meetings in barns.  I passed a humbling night —even in our
acts of obedience and devotion, how evident is the mixture




438       LLI E OF ELIZABETtH FRY.               [1831
of infirmity, (at least so it appears to me,) and we need to
look to the great offering for sin and for iniquity, to bear
even these transactions for us. I apprehend, that all would
not understand me, but many, who are much engaged in
what we call works of righteousness, will understand the
reason, that in the Jewish dispensation there was an offering
made "for the iniquity of their Holy Things."  Humiliation
is my portion, though I may also say peace, in thus having
given up to a service much against my inclination, and I
hope, thankfulness for the measure of power at times granted
in them.
Notwithstanding many family cares, and the weighty objects
in which Elizabeth Fry was engaged, the summer of this
year, which was passed at Dagenham, proved a peaceful
one.
But in this quiet retreat (as in more public and busy
scenes) some striking events chequered her course; but her
]amp was so continually kept burning, that, in every exigency,
a light shone upon her path, and afforded the guidance needful to direct her in the right performance of duty, and to
convert each passing circumstance to a purpose of usefulness.
No portion of human society was so elevated in worldly
rank, or so much sunk in poverty and wretchedness, as not
to raise in her heart emotions of deep Christian solicitude, or
to induce her to follow the impulse of heavenly love, which
led her to invite all to the one fold of eternal rest and peace.
Dagenham, Eighth MJonth, 24th. —Upon my return home
to Dagenham this day week, in the pony chair, with little
Edmund Gurney, there was a severe thunder-storm the
greater part of the way, but I felt quite easy to persevere
through it.  But when I arrived at the Chequers Inn, I
thought another storm was coming, and went in. We had
been there but a few minutes, when we saw a bright flash of
lightning, followed instantaneously by a tremendous clap of




1831.]      LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.               439
thunder. Upon being asked whether I was alarmed, I said
that I certainly was, and did not doubt that an accident had
happened near to us. My dear husband who was out in the
tempest, arrived safely, but in a few minutes, a young man
was carried in dead, struck with the lightning in a field close
by.  I felt our escape-yet still more the awful situation of
the young man, who was a sad character; he had been at our
Meeting at Beacontree Heath.  This awful event produced
a very serious effect in the neighbourhood; so much so, that
we believed it right to invite all the relations of the young
man, (a bad set,) and the other young men of the neighbourhood, to meet us in the little Methodist Meeting House,
which ended in one more rather large Public Meeting.  The
event and circumstances altogether, made it very solemn, it
appeared to set a seal to what had passed before in our other
Meetings.  My belief is, they have had a stirring effect in
this neighbourhood, but they have been very humbling to
me; the whole event, of this young man's awful death, has
much confirmed me in the belief, that our concern was a right
one, and tended to prepare the minds of the people to profit
by such a lesson. My dear brother and sister Buxton, and
their Priscilla, were with us at many of our Meetings.
27th. —NWe are just about leaving this place.  I have endeavoured to promote the moral and religious good of the
people since the Meetings, by establishing libraries of tracts
and books at different places, and my belief is, that my humble labours have not been in vain, nor I trust will they be.
I have felt so strikingly the manner in which the kindness
and love of the neighbourhood has been shown to me, after
thus publicly preaching amongst them; and as a poor, frail
woman, advocating boldly the cause of Christ, I expected
rather to be despised; whereas, it is apparently just the reverse. The clergyman and his wife almost loading us with
kindness, the farmers and their wives very kind and attentive,
the poor the same; I felt how sweet it is to be on good
terms with all-one dy drinking tea at the parsonage,




440        LIFE OF ELIZABETH PRY.                [1831,
abounding with plate, elegancies, and luxuries, the next day
at the humble Methodist shoemaker's, they having procured
a little fresh butter, that I might take tea under their roof;
the contrast was great, but I can indeed see the same kind
Lord over all, rich to all, and filling the hearts of His servants
of very different descriptions with love to each other.
In the autumn, Elizabeth Fry accompanied her husband
into some of the South-Western Counties. She writes from —
Sand Rock Hotel,'enth dMJonth, 9th.-This is the place in
the Isle of Wight, where my most beloved sisters Rachel and
Priscilla spent a winter. I may truly say, since coming to
this beautiful and interesting spot, my heart has been much.
tendered, in remembering those so inexpressibly dear, feeling deeply, that their places here know them no more; it
has revived a very strong feeling respecting the past.  Their
course finished, mine not yet fully run; and as I am deeply
sensible that I cannot keep alive my own soul, oh may He,
who remains to be our light and our life, keep me alive unto
Himself, until He may fit me, by His own Almighty power
and unmerited mercy, to enter a new life with all His saints
in glory.
Barnstaple, 23rd.-First-day morning. —My distress is
great this morning, owing to the steam-packet, with our dear
son Gurney, not arriving as we expected, last evening.  I
have passed a conflicting night; my husband is gone to
Ilfracombe, in hope of hearing something of the packet, and
seeing after our dear boy, if he arrives; I stayed, because I
thought that duty pointed out attending the little Meeting
here, but I feel nervous, afflicted, and desolate. I believe it
well, to be, now and then, brought to these trials of faith and
of patience-may I not say, like the disciples formerly,
"' help Lord, or I perish!" may my experience be this day,
that I cried unto the Lord in my trouble, and He delivered
me out of my distresses.  Oh, gracious Lord! quiet my




1831.]       LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.              441
troubled mind, increase my hope, trust, and full reliance
upon Thee, upon Thy wisdom, Thy love, and Thy mercy,
both as it respects myself, and my most dear children, particularly this beloved boy-give me faith to do Thy will
this day, and even to prove a helper to those amongst whom
my lot may be cast, and, if Thou seest meet, give me help
from trouble, for vain is the help of man, in these extremities.
Linton, 27th.-I heard before I went to Meeting, (at
Barnstaple,) that the people of Ilfracombe were not much
alarmed for the packet. HIow far my mind was influenced
by this, I cannot say, but I was favoured with a sweet calm in
Meeting, and was enabled, I trust faithfully, to attend to the
openings of duty there, to my own relief and peace, and I
hope to the comfort and edification of those present. I had
hardly entered the Friend's house afterwards, when the glad
tidings came of my dearest Gurney's safe arrival. I have
not, for some time, felt so much joy, I might almost say, that
my heart rejoiced and leaped for joy; and I was enabled not
only in heart, but on sitting down to dinner with my friends,
to return thanks to Him, who, in His tender mercy, granted
me this deliverance.
Shortly after this anxiety, when at Ilfracombe, a woman
asked me if I should like to see a poor man, who was wrecked,
and had had a very wonderful escape, the night before Gurney was on the sea; of course I assented, and Gurney, the
woman and I, set off to see him.  When we arrived at his
cottage, we found a very fine, rather tall young man, who
appeared to have been much bruised, shaken, and wounded,
with a nice looking young woman, his wife; the house very
clean, and a few books-but one particularly struck our attention-a Bible, with an inscription upon it in gilt letters,
to this effect, "In commemoration of the courageous conduct
of Samuel Marshall, in saving the lives of two women (who
had been out on a Sunday party, a third was drowned) off
the pier at Ilfracombe."  It appeared, by the short history
56




442          LIFE OF ELIZ A BETH  FRY.                [183l,
of this young man, that he had, from his great courage, good
swimming, and kindness to others, been, at different times,
the means of saving eight lives, at least; he had gone out to
ships in danger near Ilfracombe, where, from the rocky nature of the coast, there often are shipwrecks.  His own
simple story about himself, on his recent shipwreck, was as
follows:"He was fishing in a small boat with two other men; about
twelve o'clock at night, a sudden squall or land wind blew from
between the hills; he called out to his companions, Iwe are lost';
the boat capsized, they, poor fellows, prayed for mercy, and sank.
Marshall, knowing his great powers of swimming, would not give
himself up, but caught hold of an oar, which proved to be a good
one, nearly new; and although he knew that he was a mile from
the shore, and. the sea, in consequence of this land wind, very
boisterous, he felt it right, at least, to make the effort to reach land.
H-le soon found that, with all his clothes on, it would be impossible,
but how to take them off, was the difficulty; his presence of mind
appears to have been wonderful; he first got off his jacket, then
his trowsers with extreme difficulty, because they became entangled
in his feet, but by a violent effort he succeeded; he then found he
could not well get rid of his shirt, nor swim with it on.  He was
driven to great extremity, his shirt being a new, stout, cotton onehe therefore, once more, made a violent effort, and tore it down in
front, but the hem was so strong, that he there stopped, this he
put to his mouth and bit it through; he then swam on until he
nearly reached the shore, where the breakers ran so high that he
lost his oar; once more, he almost entirely gave up hopes; but
resolved on one last effort, and found himself thrown upon a rock
very seriously bruised; he climbed beyond the reach of the water,
and laid hinmself down, cold, hungry, and exhausted, either to
perish, or to rest.  He told me that, it being quite dark, he could
not tell where he was cast ashore, but he was fully sensible that
it must be where the rocky, high cliffs could be only here and
there, climbed by man —his anxiety was consequently great,
till day dawned, when he saw some sheep feeding up the cliff side.
Ile was sure that wherever sheep could go, he could climb. Am




1831.]     LIFE OF ELIZABETH FRY.                   443
his poor feet were sadly cut, he took his stockings (which he still
had on) and bound them round his feet with his garters; with
this exception, he ascended the rough cliff, naked; his exhaustion
and fatigue great indeed. After walking awhile, he arrived at a
farm-house; the farmer took him for a lunatic, and, at first, spoke
to him sharply, but soon finding his real case, he took him in, and
treated him with the utmost hospitality. The farmer's wife prepared him a bed."
I now stop my narrative to say, that from my conversation
with Samuel Marshall, I took him to be a man actuated by
religious principles, but not possessing an enlightened understanding on these subjects; one who endeavoured to do, as
far as he knew it, his duty; which he had so remarkably
shown, in risking his own life to save the lives of others,
particularly in the instance of the women, who were poor,
and unable to remunerate him. I was strongly reminded,
in hearing of his deliverance, of these words of Scripture,
" with the merciful Thou wilt show Thyself merciful."  The
poor man said, also, that he prayed constantly when the salt
water was not in his mouth, which showed on the one hand,
his value for prayer, and on the other, his ignorance in supposing that when he could not speak, he would not be equally
heard by Him, who knoweth the most secret desire of the
heart.  However, as I doubt not his pravers were offered in
sincerity, they appear to have been accepted and answered.
He was carried home to his sorrowfill wife, who had heard
of the boat being lost, and did not know that her husband
was saved.
The mother of one of the other men, I found in the deepest
distress, almost out of her mind.  I tried to pour a little
balm into her deep wounds, by endeavouring to lead her to
look to Him, who can alone heal and help in our greatest
trials.
Upton Lane, Eleventh Month, 16th. —I felt greatly helped
in the quiet performance of my duties yesterday, up to a
certain time, when, I believe, I gave way a little to natural




444        LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                [1831,
infirmity about a trifle, and found how soon a cloud may be
brought over the best principle, and what care and watchfulness is needed; and if there be the least fall, how necessary
immediately to have recourse to the justifying principle of
faith, that no further separation take place from good.  I
fully believe, that our spiritual enemy remains the accuser of
the brethren, and endeavours, when he sees those, who desire
to serve the Lord give way, even in a trifle, to take advantage
of it to discourage them, and further to insinuate himself
into their hearts.  It is, I believe, one of the most important
points in the Christian life, if we find ourselves tripping in
thought, word, or deed, immediately to fly to the fountain
that is set open for the unclean, that we may at once be
cleansed, and obtain peace with God, through our Lord and
Saviour Jesus Christ.  Oh! for a little help this day to
come to the living fountain, that I may be fitted for my
Master's service, and enter it with a quiet mind. Lord, let
it be so!
Twelfth Sonth, 20th. —I am  once more favoured, after
being far from well, with a renewal of health and power, to
enter my usual engagements, public and private. Yesterday
I went to town, —-first attended the Newgate Committee,
then, the British Society, which was very encouraging to
me; there were many present, of different denominations of
Christians, and a sweet feeling of love and unity pervaded the
whole.  Elizabeth Dudley spoke in a lively manner, and I
had to pray. There is still much ground for encouragement
in the prison cause, I believe a seed is sown in it, that will
grow and flourish, I trust, when some of us are laid low. It
is a work that brings with it a peculiar feeling of blessing and
peace; may the Most High continue to prosper it! Afterwards, I went to Clapham  to visit a poor, dying, converted
Jew, who had sent a letter to beg me to go and see him;
my visit was highly interesting. I often wish for the pen of
a ready writer, and the pencil of an artist, to picture some
of the scenes that I am brought into. A man of a pleasing




1831.]      LIFE OF ELIZABETH FRY.                 445
countenance, greatly emaciated, lying on a little white bed,
all clean and in order, his Bible by his side, and animated,
almost beyond description, at seeing me; he kissed my hand,
the tears came into his eyes, his poor face flushed, and he
was ready almost to raise himself out of his bed. I sat
down, and tried to quiet him, and by degrees succeeded.
We had a very interesting conversation; he had been in the
practice of frequently attending my readings at Newgate,
apparently with great attention; latterly, I had not seen him,
and was ready to'suppose, that, like many others, his zeal
was of short duration; but I had lately heard that he had
been ill. He is one of those Jews, who have felt perfectly
liberated from keeping any part of the Law of Moses, which
some other converted Jews yet consider themselves bound to
observe. I found, when he used to come so often to Newgate, that he was a man of good moral character, seeking the
truth. But to go on with my story-in our conversation, he
said, that he felt great peace, no fear of death, and a full
reliance upon his Saviour for salvation; he said that his
visits to Newgate had been to him beyond going to any
church-indeed, I little knew how much was going on in his
heart. He requested me to read a Psalm that I had read
one day in Newgate, the 107th. This I did, and he appeared
deeply to feel it, particularly as my dear friends and I made
our little remarks, in Christian freedom, as we went along,
truly, I believe, in the life. The poor Jew prayed very strikingly; I followed him, and returned thanks; what a solemn, uniting time it was! The poor Jew said, "God is a
spirit, and they that worship Him, must worship Him in
spirit and in truth," as if he felt the spirituality of the Christian administration. His countenance lightened with apparent
joy, when he expressed his undoubted belief that he should
soon enter the kingdom, and that I should, before long, follow him; then he gave me his blessing, and took leave in
much tenderness, showing every mark he could, of gratitude
and love.  He did not accept any gift of money, saying that




446        LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.              [1832.
he wanted no good thing, as he was most kindly provided
for by serious persons in the neighbourhood. After about two
weeks I received an account of the peaceful end of this poor
Jew.
Uplton, Second Montfh, 21st, 1832.-We have lately been
brought to feel very seriously the approach of the cholera to
our own borders, as it is said to have been as near as Limehouse. I have not generally felt any agitating fear, but
rather the weight of the thing, and desirous that it should
prove a stimulus to seek more diligently after eternal things,
and to be ready, spiritually, for whatever may await us; and
outwardly to use all proper precautions. I have desired
earnestly, that we should do our very utmost to protect our
poor neighbours, by administering to their many wants. This
led me to make some efforts with some of our women Friends,
also with some other kind and influential people, and although perhaps, thought by some a busybody in it, yet more
has been already accomplished, than I could have looked for.
In such works of charity, I always desire to be preserved
from a forward spirit, or an over active one, yet on the other
hand, when I feel any thing laid upon me, as I did in this
instance, I feel much bound to work in it, even through some
discouragement and opposition; I mostly find in such cases,
that way has been made for me, as if He, who called me to
the work, was indeed with me in it.
It was a remarkable trait in the character of this highly
gifted woman, that, when once she had undertaken to perform
what she believed to be her duty, no discouragement deterred
her from pursuing it; no obstacle appeared to her to be insurmountable.  She laboured on with a quiet, patient perseverance, until she saw it accomplished-yet she trusted not
in her own strength-she committed herself and her cause
to the disposal of the Lord.
Tkhird Mionth, 21st.-To-day is proclaimed a " fast-day"
on account of the cholera; it is one of those occasions, in




1832.]     LIFE OF ELIZABETH FRY.                  447
the observance of which we must each follow our own consciences.  If the government of a country could make a
people keep a day really holy unto the Lord, in real fasting,
penitence and prayer, much good would result; but this, no
government can do; and I fear that the present will rather
be made a day of lightness and recreation.  However, those
wno do keep it seriously, I trust will be blessed in so doing,
and their prayers answered, and that this awful disease may
be (if right for us) checked in its progress.
I rather feel having to go before the Committee of the
IHouse of Commons, on the subject of prisons.  May any
good to this important cause be done by it, and may I be
helped to do my part with simplicity, as unto God, and not
unto man!
The object of this Committee, was to ascertain the best
mode of Secondary Punishment, so as to be the most effectual in repressing crime.
We proceed with extracts from the journal.
Upton Lane, Sixth Jrlonth, 3rd. —We have just concluded
the Yearly MAeeting. It has been, in some respects, a marked
one, anrid I hope an instructive one...... I had to speak
twice in the IMeetings; once in the first Meeting, acknowledging the loving-kindness and tender mercy of our God
as manifested to us during the year that was passed, and what
an inducement it shouldbe to love and faithfulness.  I had
particularly to make allusion to the cholera not having made
further devastations amongst us. I had, in another Meeting,
in a similar manner to return thanks, and pray for us, as a
Society, and for the Universal Church. I also had, from a
deep feeling of duty, to express my thankfulness, that the
Christian standard had been upheld amongst us, so much encouragement given to read the Scriptures, and attend to
their holy precepts; but I felt a fear, whether the influence
of the Holy Spirit, as our guide, had been quite enough




448         LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.             [1832.
dwelt upon, which, as a fundamental part of our principles,
I trusted we should ever maintain.  I also expressed my desire, that the fruits of the Spirit should be more manifest
amongst us, not only in our peculiar testimonies, but in the
subjection of our tempers and wills, which I thought to be
much wanted, fearing that some maintained our testimonies,
more from expediency than principle, which produced great
inconsistency of conduct.  I then added my earnest hope,
that individually and collectively, we should stand open to
improvement, making this our prayer: " That which I see
not, teach Thou me;" that we should be willing to be taught
of God immediately and instrumentally, that our light might
shine brighter and brighter to the perfect day.
9th.-I yesterday was- favoured to get through the British
Society Meeting.  It was, to me, a very serious occasion;
our different reports were highly satisfactory and encouraging; but I felt it laid upon me to speak so decidedly on
some points, that I could not fully enjoy it. After the British Society report was read, I first endeavoured to show the
extreme importance of the work in which we were engaged,
and the best means of producing the desired effect, of reforming the criminal; but what most deeply impressed me was,
considering the awful extent of existing crime, and the suffering and sorrow produced by it-how far the conduct of
the higher classes may influence that of the lower, and tend
in many ways to the increase of evil, by ladies not setting a
religious example to their servants, nor instructing them in
the right way; by not keeping the Sabbath strictly,-by
very late hours, and attending public places,-by vanity in
dress, and by hurrying mantua-makers and milliners, and so
causing them to oppress and overwork their young womenby not paying their bills themselves, or through some confidential person, but trusting them to young or untried servants,
thus leading to dishonesty on their part, or that of the tradespeople,-by allowing their maid-servants or char-women to
begin to wash at unseasonable hours, and consequently to




1832.]        LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.              449
require ardent spirits to support them.  Then I represented
how much they might do to promote good and discourage
evil, by educating the poor religiously, in infant and other
schools, by watching over girls after they leave schools, until
placed in service, and by providing for them suitable religious,
instructive, and entertaining books; also by forming libraries
in hospitals, and workhouses, and by preventing the introduction of irreligious and light books.  I also urged the
establishment of district societies.  These things I had forcibly and freely to express, showing the blessings of promoting
good, and the woe of encouraging evil.
In the Seventh Month, Elizabeth Fry, together with her
sister-in-law, visited, with certificates from their Monthly
Meeting, the IHalf-year's Meeting in Wales, and some places
in Ireland.
In the retrospect she writes:JNinth Mfonth, 18th. — We returned home from our journey
last Sixth-day evening, having been absent just five weeks.
We visited several places in the south of Ireland, a good
many in Wales, and some in England.  I think I never remember taking a journey, in which it was more frequently
sealed to my own mind, that we were in our right places;
through much difficulty, our way was opened to go, and to
continue out. Though I believe we have scripture authority
for it-still further confirmed by the internal evidence of
the power of the Spirit, and its external results,-yet, I am
obliged to walk by faith, rather than sight, in going about
as a woman, in the work of the ministry; it is, to my nature,
a great humiliation, and I often feel it to be "foolishness,"
particularly in large Public iMeetings, before entering upon
the service; but generally, when engaged in the ministry, I
find such an unction, and so much opening upon Christian
doctrine and practice, that after a Meeting, I mostly say in
my heart, 1"It is the Lord's doing, and marvellous in our
57




450         LIFE  OF ELIZABETI-I FRY.            [1833.
eyes."' Such was often the case in this journey. I felt
amongst Friends in Ireland, as if my service was to lead
them from all external dependence, either on their membership in the Society, their high profession, or their peculiar
testimonies, and to show, that these things are only good as
they spring from simple Christian faith and practice, and
avail nothing, unless the heart be really changed and cleansed
from sin, though I believed that these things would follow
as the result, to those who fill the important place in the
church, that in my opinion, Friends are called to occupy.
Above everything else, I endeavoured to lead all to the grand
foundation of Christian faith and practice.  My dear sister
was much led in the same line of ministry.
Dagenlam, Tenth JMonth, 3rd. —Here am I sitting in solitude, keeping silence before the Lord; on the wedding-day
of my beloved son William.  As I could not conscientiously
attend the marriage, I believed it right to withdraw for the
day.  Words appear very inadequate to express the earnestness-the depth of my supplication for him and for histhat the blessing of the Most High may rest upon them.
The notice of this day concludes as follows;As for myself, I sit solitary, in many things, but I thought
to-day (from this wedding bringing these things home to
me) —lave I not my Lord as my friend and my comforter?
and is He not as a husband to all the members of His
church? and am I not often satisfied and refreshed by His
love?
Several months of the summer and autumn of 1833, were
passed by Elizabeth Fry and her family, at a quiet retreat in
the island of Jersey.  She needed rest, and her health had
suffered from the pressure of care and anxiety.  The genial
climate-the beauty of the scenery-the luxuriance of the
productions —the prosperity of the inhabitants-the refine



1833.]     LIFE  OF ELIZABETH FRY.                  451
ment and intellectual cultivation of the upper classes-combined with simplicity of habit, and, in many instances, with
true piety and active benevolence, rendered the period of
her residence in Jersey one of peculiar refreshment and
pleasure.  With her husband and children, and a few of
her intimate friends, she would often spend the day in the
remote parts of the island, amongst the secluded and romantic
ba,,s of its northern coast.  The little party would picnic in
the open air, or, as was then a very common practice, in ono
of the empty rooms of the small barracks scattered round
the coast; left under the care of some old invalided soldier and
his family. On these occasions, the tract bag was not forgotten-whilst the rest of the party were sketching or walking, she would visit the cottagers, and making herself as well
understood as their antique Norman dialect permitted, would
give her little French books, and offer the kind word of sympathy or exhortation. Alive to the beautiful, especially to
the picturesque, the peculiarities of the Jersey Cottage and
its inmates were all observed and enjoyed by her.
Amidst these scenes, the summer passed away, but higher
and more important objects were not unheeded.  There was
in the island, a little band of persons, in very humble life,
who professed the principles of Friends, one or two only,
however, being members of the Society. They assembled for
worship on the First-day morning, in the cottage of Jean
Renaud, an old patriarch, residing on the sea shore, about a
mile from  the town of " St." Heliers.  There was a quaint,
old-fashioned effect about the low large room in which they
assembled, whilst from large bundles of herbs, suspended
from the beams to dry, a flower or a leaf would occasionally
drop upon those sitting below.
The appearance of the congregation was in keeping with
the apartment, seated on planks, supported by temporary
props.  An antique four-post bedstead stood in one corner;
when the mistress of the house died, which occurred during
their sojourn in Jersey, she was there laid out, a circumstance




452        LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.    [1833.
which did not prevent the Meeting assembling as usual; the
drawn curtains screening the corpse from view. High-backed
chairs were prepared for the seniors of the assembly, the
younger members of Elizabeth Fry's family appropriating to
themselves the window-seat. The novelty of the occasion was
increased by the English ministry having to be interpreted,
to render it comprehensible to the greater part of the hearers.
Nor were the Afternoon M~eetings much less peculiar.
They also were held at a private house, situated in the
suburbs of the town; but the heat in-doors being considerable, the congregation not unfrequently moved to the small
walled garden, and sat beneath the shade of some evergreens.  This, however, was found practically so inconvenient, that a room in the town was engaged for the purpose,
and properly fitted up.  There, until Elizabeth Fry left the
island, large congregations assembled, including many of the
gentry and principal inhabitants; these meetings were exceedingly solemn and instructive. She was greatly helped by
the company of her sister-in-law, Elizabeth Fry, with her
friend and companion, Rebecca Sturges. Philanthropic objects also presented themselves to her notice, especially the
state of the Hospital, including the Workhouse and Lunatic
Asylum, and the Prison. Acts of the British Parliament
have no power in the Channel Islands; as part of the ancient
Duchy of Normandy, they are governed by their own laws
and customs. None of the recent improvements in Prison
Disipline had been effected in Jersey.  After repeatedly
visiting the Prison, and communicating with the authoritiesshe believed it the best course to have a letter which she had
addressed to them printed for circulation.  This document
was very remarkable for its evidences of her wisdom and experience.
Eiyhth jMonth, 12th.-We feel much at home in this lovely
island, and in rather a remarkable manner, our way opens in
the hearts of those amongst whom we are residing. A very




1833.]     LIFE OF ELIZABETH FRY.                  453
extensive field of service appears before us, in many ways.
To try thoroughly to attend to the prisoners-to strive to
correct evils in the hospital-to assist, in various ways, the
Friends and those who attend Meeting-to visit several in
Christian love, and try to draw them nearer together-oh!
gracious Lord, grant Thy poor unworthy servant the help of
Thy Spirit, to do Thy will, and let not her labour be in vain
in Thee, her Lord and her Godc; but through Thy unmerited
mercy in Christ Jesus, grant that her way may be made very
clear before her, and ability given her to walk in it, to Thy
praise, her own peace, and the real edification of those
among whom her lot may be cast. Amen!
How wonderfully did the capacious mind of this extraordinary woman embrace every object that appeared to require
assistance, or to need amelioration; and how instructive was
the deep humility and holy fear in which she was preserved,
as well as her dependence on divine direction and help.
To a daughter and son-in-law preparing to leave England
for Madeira, in consequence of the latter* being in delicate
health, she writes from Jersey, as follows:EiTghth Mointh, 25th, 1833.
My much loved Children,
I fully expect one more opportunity of writing to you, before
you leave England, but as our communications are now likely
to be very seldom, I mean to take every opportunity to pour
out my heart to you. I am, I hope, thankful to say, though
truly and deeply touching to me, peaceful and satisfied about
your proposed very important step.  I remember Cecil's remark, "we are to follow, and not to force Providence," and
as far as we can tell, the openings of Providence for you appear to be quietly, hopefully, and trustfully, to go forward in
your proposed plans. I live much under the feeling that we
are poor, impotent creatures, that we cannot save each other,
spiritually or naturally; and though nothing, I believe, can,
* Since deceased from pulmonary consumption.




454       LIFE OF ELIZABETH FRY.                [1833,
in feeling, exceed a mother's love or lively desire to serve
her children, yet how little can she do! in short nothing, but
as she is helped from above to do it, and the same power that
can help her, can also work with, or without His instruments;
this I most sensibly feel, therefore to Him, who is the keeper
of His dependent ones, (which I believe you are) I entirely
commit you, body, soul, and spirit.  May He " do more
abundantly for you, than we can either think or ask! " I
desire for you, amidst the ups and downs, the storms and
calms, the joys and sorrows, that may attend your course,
that your hearts may be fixed, trusting in God.  It is most
important to seek for this fixedness of spirit, which sustains
in trouble, and sanctifies our enjoyments.  I have suffered
from too deeply and acutely feeling things, and from much
undue fearfulness-I wish my children to guard against these
weaknesses, and to live more constantly in the quiet and
trustful spirit. You must expect some little trials and difficulties in the voyage, but I trust they will not be great.
Pray try to be of use to the crew, have tracts, testaments
and psalters, to be got at for them; it might be of real use
to the men, and a nice object of interest for you.
That grace, mercy, and peace, may be with you both, is
the earnest desire and prayer of your most loving mother,
ELIZABETII FRY.
Jersey, JVNinth lMonth, 10th.-I have much enjoyed and
valued the pleasant retreat we have here. I desire, in deep
gratitude, to acknowledge the renewed capacity to delight in
the wonderful works of God.  The scenery, and feeling fully
at liberty to spend part of many days in the enjoyment of
this beautiful country and weather, and my beloved husband
and children, has been very sweet to me! What has not
religion been to me! how wonderful in its operation! None
but He, who knows the heart, can tell. Surely it has brought
me into some deep humiliations; but how has it raised me
up! healed my, at times, wounded spirit; given me power to




1833.]     LIFi,   OF ELIZABETH PRY.               455
enjoy my blessings, in what I believe an unusual degree, and
wonderfully sustained me under deep tribulations. To me, it
is anything but bondage, since it has brought me into a delight.
ful freedom; although I had narrow places to pass through,
before my boundaries were thus enlarged; so that from experience, I wish to be very tender over those still in bonds.
Since the time of rest on first arriving, my way has remarkably opened to a tide of service, of various kinds, as a
minister of the gospel, and in philanthropic concerns. The
prison, hospital, and the formation of a District Society, take
up much of my attention, and visiting religiously the families
who attend the Friends' Meeting.  I have very much felt
the weight of these meetings; duty alone, and what I believe
to be the help of the Spirit, would carry me through such
services, for which I am so totally unfit and unworthy. My
dear sister and Rebecca Sturges have lately been with us,
and I have valued their company.
Elizabeth Fry spent a few days in Guernsey, closely employed as usual in doing good.
The most important work which she accomplished in that
island, was establishing " the St. Peter's Port Provident and
District Society."  It is spoken of, at the present time, in
Guernsey, as being " a real blessing to the poor of the community, not only in having administered to their temporal
wants in sickness or accidents, but also in having greatly improved their domestic comforts and moral character, by inculcating frugal and temperate habits."
On her return to Jersey she writes, under feeling of much
sorrow25th.-On Seventh-day evening, in the midst of a very
large party, our letters arrived; some from our dearest Hannah of a very touching nature; she had suffered so extremely
on her voyage (to Madeira) as to bring on her confinement
on board ship.  HIer child died, and her sufferings appear




456       LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.              [1833
to have been extreme. The whole account was exceedingly
affecting to me. But I desire to look above the agency of
man, to Him, without whom not a sparrow falls to the ground,
who orders all things in love, as well as in wisdom. My
trust must be complete, my reliance entire, my hope continual. Lord, as all my springs are in Thee, I pray Thee
daily, hourly, minutely, increase and renew my faith, patience, reliance, and hope, that I may never cast away my
confidence, but that my soul may follow hard after Thee,
even unto the end.
The time had now arrived to return home.  She received
accounts from England that called forth much anxiety.
Several of her children required her attention. Her daughter Cresswell was seriously ill.
Lynn, Eleventh Month, 12th.-I left Jersey in the steamboat for Southampton. Parting, with many beloved friends
there, I felt much. It is a place and people in which I have
taken great interest: I also felt the uncertainty of the prospect
before me, and in what state I should find my beloved child.
I was much cast down, the wind rather high, and evidently
rising. My maid and child quickly became ill, as did even
our little dog. The passengers, one after another, almost all
in the same state. The day gloomy, only now and then a ray
of sunshine to enliven us. I remained, through mercy, quite
well. We stopped at Guernsey, where I found, to- my encouragement, some of my objects really prospering, and I
was much pleased to hear that the School was established in
the island of HIerm. We dined whilst in the harbour there.
Afterwards the weather became so boisterous, my cold so indifferent, and my poor boy so ill, that I remained in the cabin
the whole evening, and a low time it was; fears got hold of
me that I should never see Rachel again alive; but on the
other hand I knew that I had a merciful Lord to deal with,
who heard my prayers, knew my weakness, and I believed




1833.]      LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                457
would not permit so overwhelming an affliction to overtake
me.  I desired humbly and patiently to trust.  I felt the.
seriousness of our situation in the high wind, but was enabled entirely to leave it to Him, who orders all things well.
We arrived at Southampton the next morning; I was
much cast down and overdone, and during the journey to
London, I had almost an inexpressible feeling of fatigue.
I found rather a better account from Lynn, to my unspeakable relief.
From the accounts continuing better, Elizabeth Fry was,
for a day or two, able to rest in the neighbourhood of London.
Then she pursued her way to Lynn, where, for six weeks
she remained, devoted to her daughter, and to that devotion,
guided by singular skill, and blessed by the providence of
God, was apparently to be attributed her child's gradual
restoration to health. From Lynn she wrote to her youngest
daughter, then with the others of the party just returned
home.
Lynn, Eleventh z Month, 1833.
My dearest Louisa,
I feel inclined to write thee a few lines of salutation on
thy return home. Thy sister and thyself have very important
places to fill, although they may differ; and as I have told her
my mind, I mean to do the same to thee-remember these
words, " be sober, be vigilant." At thy important age much
depends on not letting the mind out, if I may so express
myself: it is a period of life when this is natural-various
prospects in life may float before the view; but how infinitely
important to know the heart to be staid upon God, and to
find it meat and drink to be doing His will-how important
to attend to present duties; this is the best preparation for
the future, whatever that future may be.-I see that much
devolves on thee; thou hast not only to look to thy own soul,
but younger ones are looking up to thee, whom, I believe,
thou mayst be the means of winning to Christ.
58




458         LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.            [1833.
To the daughter whom she had so long nursed, she wrote,
after her return home:The better accounts of thee are certainly very encouraging,
and set me more at rest about thee; still, my beloved child,
I feel thou needest my sympathy and prayers: there is much
to feel, even if it pleases Providence quite to raise thee up
again: there is much to go through. I have often found, in
recovering from long and severe illness, and entering life
again, that our enemies spiritually are yet lively and strong,
and even, we may say, after the  "Beast has had a deadly
wound, it still lives:" I know this by my own experience.




1834-1838. Visit to Dorset and Hants-Isle of Wight-Journey to
Scotland-Death of the Duke of Gloucester —Letter —Coast Guard
Libraries-Examination before the Committee of the House of
Lords-Journey along the Southern Coast of England-Crosses to
Jersey and Guernsey-Libraries for Packet Ships at FalmouthFor Shepherds at Salisbury Plain-Death of a sister-in-law-Religious engagements in Sussex-Visit to Dublin-Unpleasant Voyage
to Guernsey —Illness and death of her sister Louisa Hoare-Death
of King William IV.-Of a sister-in-law-Departure of her brother
J. J. Gurney for America-Visits Paris-Meeting in WestminsterJourney to Scotland-Religious engagements in Surrey, Essex,
&c.-Renewed prospect of visiting France.
Fourth JIMonth, 1st, 1834.-I am likely to leave home today for religious service in Dorset and Hants. Oh, Lord!
I pray Thee be with me, and anoint me for Thy work, that
it may be fully to Thy praise, the edification of those I go
amongst, and to my own help and peace; and be pleased to
keep my children and family during my absence. Grant
this, dearest Lord, for Thine own name sake. Amen.
12th.-I returned yesterday from my expedition, which 1
may thankfully say, proved very satisfactory.
She was accompanied on this journey by her friend William Forster, and her nieces Priscilla Buxton and Priscilla
Gurney.  Her aunt's address and manner on that occasion,
and the impressions made upon her own mind, are admirably
described by one of them; being at the time, in very delicate health, she was, perhaps, the more sensitively alive to
her aunt's peculiar powers of soothing.
(459)




460         LIFE  OF ELIZABETII FRY.                  [1834.
", There was no weakness, or trouble of mind or body, which
might not safely be unveiled to her. Whatever various or opposite views, feelings, or wishes, might be confided to her, all came
out again, tinged with her own loving, hopeful spirit.  Bitterness
of every kind died, when entrusted to her; it never re-appeared.
The most favourable construction possible was always put upon
every transaction. No doubt her failing lay this way; but did it
not give her and her example a wonderful influence? Was it not
the very secret of her power with the wretched and degraded prisoners? She always could see hope for every one; she invariably
found, or made some point of light. The most abandoned must
have felt that she did not despair for them, either for this world,
or another, and this it was that made her irresistible.
"'At Southampton, time and opportunity were rather unexpectedly
afforded for an excursion to the Isle of Wight. I think she undertook it chiefly for the sake of pleasing Priscilla Gurney and myself; but it had important consequences.  We travelled round by
Shanklin, Bonchurch, and the Undercliff. She was zealous as we,
in the enjoyment of the scenery and the wild flowers; but the
next day, on reaching Freshwater, she was fatigued and remained
to rest, whilst we went to see Alum Bay. On our return, we were
told she had walked out, and we soon received a message, desiring
us to join her at the Coast Guard Station   We found her in her
element; pleased and giving pleasure to a large group, who were
assembled around her. She entered with the greatest sympathy
into their somewhat dreary position, inquired into their resources
for education for their children, and religious improvement for
themselves-found them tmuch in want of books; and from this
visit originated that great undertaking, of providing libraries foi
all the Coast Guard Stations in Great Britain-an undertaking full
of difficulties, but in which her perseverance never relaxed till it
was accomplished."
On a review of this journey, Elizabeth Fry writes:
Upton, Fourth Month.-At Portsmouth, we paid an interesting visit to the Haslar Hospital, the Hulks Hospital
Ship, and some prisons; we also paid a delightful little visit
to the Isle of Wight.  I felt more able to enjoy the great




1834.]     LIFE OF ELIZABETIH  FRY.                461
beauties of nature, from having been owned by my Lord
and Master, in my religious services.  What a relish does
true religion give for our temporal, as well as spiritual blessings!
2lst.-Yesterday (First-day) I attended Meeting, rather
oppressed in body and mind.  Ministered to by dear Elizabeth Dudley, but had such heaviness of body as to hinder
spiritual revival. In the afternoon, I went, accompanied by
Elizabeth Dudley, Rebecca Sturges, and some others, to visit
the female convict ship; the sun shone brightly, the day delightful, the poor women rejoiced to see us, but my spirit
was in heaviness, from the difficulty of leaving my family,
even for a few hours, on that day. It was a fine sight to
see about one hundred and fifty poor female convicts, and
some sailors, standing, sitting, and leaning round us, whilst
we read the Scriptures to them. I spoke to them, and Elizabeth Dudley prayed. Surely, to witness the solemn effect,
the tears rolling down many cheeks, we must acknowledge
it to be the Lord's doing; still I felt flat, though the others
thought it a very satisfactory time; but in the evening I
became more revived, and comforted, and thankful that it
has pleased the Lord to send me to the poor outcasts, although, at times, feeling as if I went more as a machine
moved by springs, than in the lively state I desire; but at
other times it is different, and there is much sense of light,
life, love, and power. To-day, I expect to go to the Duchess
of Gloucester, and amongst some of the high in this life.
May the Lord be with me, that my intercourse with these,
may not be in vain in Him. I feel it no light responsibility,
having the door so open with the Government of our country, and those filling high places; I am often surprised to
find how much so; and yet the Lord only knows the depth
of my humiliations, and how it has been out of the depths,
that I have been raised up for these services. At the Admiralty, I have lately had important requests granted; at
the Home Office, they are always ready to attend to what I




462        LIFE OF ELIZABETH FRY.               [1834.
ask; and at the Colonial Office, I expect that they will soon
make some alterations in the arrangements for the female
convicts in New South Wales.
Who has thus turned the hearts of those in authority?
Surely it is the Lord. May He grant me wisdom and sound
discretion, rightly to use the influence He has given me.
Be near to Thy servant, this day, gracious Lord, in every
place; and so help her by Thy Spirit, that she may do Thy
will, and not bow to man, but alone to Thee, her God; doing
all to Thy glory!
24th.-We dined at Lord Bexley's, and met Captain Mangles, the great traveller, several clergymen, and others. I
desired to maintain the watch, but the company of serious,
intellectual, and refined persons, is apt to draw me a good
deal forth in conversation and mind, and often leads me to
many fears afterwards, lest there should imperceptibly be
any thing of showing off, and being exalted by man; but I
may truly say, inwardly, I mostly feel reduced and humbled.after such times, and fearful, lest I should have a cloud over
mle, so as to hinder my near communion with my Lord.
Ujpton, Seventh Xonth, 25th.-To-morrow I expect to set
off on a journey into Scotland. I have taken an affecting
leave of my family, praying, that we might again (if the will
of God) be refreshed together; and my way has satisfactorily
opened to go.
Her husband, and two daughters preceded her, and awaited
her coming at ]3irnam Inn, near Dunkeld.
She arrived there on the 5th of the Eighth Month, and
after giving her a few days' rest from her journey, the party
set off for Loch Tay. At Kenmore, they enjoyed a quiet
First-day, and tolerable Highland accommodation.  In the
evening, anxious to turn the day to some good account,
Elizabeth Fry invited the servants of the inn, to attend the
reading which she intended to have with her own family. A
pretty large congregation assembled.




1834.]     LIFE  OF ELIZABETH FRY.                 463
By Loch Tay, -Eighth MJonth, 9th, First-day. —Not having
a Meeting to go to, and not believing it right for me to attend
any other place of worship, I desire to spend a time in solemn
searching of heart before the Lord, and may I be enabled to
hold communion with Him in spirit. On the morning of the
1st, the day appointed for the liberation of all the slaves in
the British dominions, and on which my dear niece, Priscilla
Buxton was to be married, I poured forth my soul in deep
supplication before my heavenly Father, on behalf of the
poor slaves, that a quiet spirit might be granted them-that
their spiritual bonds might also be broken-that the liberty
prepared for the children of God might be their portion. I
also prayed for my beloved niece and her companion in life,
that the Lord would be with them, keep them, and bless
them.
Edinburgh, Eighth YMonth, 28th.- I left my dearest husband and two daughters in the Highlands, as I wished to
accompany my boy on his way to England, and above all, to
attend the Meetings, see the Friends, and visit the prisons
here.  I came under the belief that duty called me to do so.
We experienced some danger in our journey, from an accident in a steam-boat, but the Lord protected us. I feel it to
be a fearful thing to be here; there are many ministers besides me. Lord, be near to Thy servant, who is here without
one relation or companion, and has left all, for what she
apprehends to be the call of duty.  Guide, guard, and keep
her, qualify her for Thine own service, of whatever kind it
may be, to Thine own glory; keep her eye very single to
Thyself and to the direction of Thy Spirit.
Of her engagements in Edinburgh on this occasion, she
writes, on returning to her family at Tarbet:I had much to be thankful for, in the help granted to me
in such religious services, as I believe I was called into, in
Meetings, families, and institutions.  I had very solemn




464        LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.              [1834.
religious times in the Gaol and large Refuge, also shorter
ones in the Bridewell and another Refuge. The hearts of
many appeared to be peculiarly opened towards me, and
entire strangers wonderfully ministered to my wants, and
upheld my hands. Our dear friends who knew me before,
were abundantly kind to me. May the Lord, in his love and
mercy, reward them for all their great kindness to me, His
very unworthy servant; and may He still soften and enlarge
their hearts towards me, until the work that he gives me to
do amongst them, be accomplished. I find a field for much
important service for the poor, and to make more arrangements for the ladies who visit the prisons. I desire, and
earnestly pray to be preserved from an over-active spirit in
these things; and on the other hand, faithfully, diligently,
humbly, and watchfully, to do whatever my Lord gives me
to do, that may be to His glory, or the good of my fellowcreatures.
We have passed through very lovely country; but the sun
has not shone much upon us, and the atmosphere of my. mind
has partaken of the same hue, which is not so pleasant as
more lively colouring over the mind, but I am ready to think
more profitable, and perhaps more likely to qualify me for
the weighty duties before me.
After visiting other scenes of natural grandeur and beauty,
and some hospitable friends, the travellers retraced their steps
through Dumbarton and Glasgow to Edinburgh, where
Elizabeth Fry was again received with affectionate kindness
by her friends and fellow-labourers; her time and energies
being devoted to the completion of those objects that had
claimed her particular attention on her former visit.
But whilst many institutions of great importance owe their
existence, either directly or indirectly, to her skill and exertions-and she sowed the seed of many a noble tree-she did
not omit to avail herself of those small opportunities of bene



1834.]        LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.             465
fiting others, that are presented in the occurrences of each
passing hour. It was her unvarying practice, both at private
dwellings, and at the inns where they passed their First-days,
to invite the servants to attend the evening scripture readings; many of the visitors, who, like themselves, were only
for a short time sojourners there, also joined them on these
solemn and interesting occasions. Her's was a constant endeavour to leave some savour of good on all with whom she
had any communication. The chambermaid and the waiter
received the word of kindness and counsel, and a little tract
or text-book to impress it upon their memories. The postilion
at the carriage window, or the cotter at the road side, met
with appropriate notice, and this mingled with the most unaffected enjoyment of the country, and spirit in all the incidents of travelling.
The result of her observations on the state of the Scotch
Prisons, she forwarded to the proper authorities after her
return home.
The close of the year 1834 was marked by the death of
the Duke of Gloucester. He had been highly esteemed by
Elizabeth Fry, from the time when, quartered at Norwich,
in the latter part of the last century, he was amongst the
few, who addressed words of friendly caution and sound
advice, to the young and motherless sisters at Earlham.  To
the Princess Sophia of Gloucester, she wrote upon the occasionUpton Lane, Twelfth ilonth, 13th, 1834.
My dear Friend,
I hope thou wilt not feel it an intrusion, my expressing
my sympathy with thee in the death of the Duke of Gloucester.  To lose a dear and only brother is no small trial, and
for a while makes the world appear very desolate. But I
trust, having thy pleasant pictures marred in this life, may
be one means of opening brighter prospects in the life to
come, and of having thy treasure increased in the heavenlyinheritance.
59




466       LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.               [1835.
The Duchess of Gloucester kindly commissioned a lady to
write to me, who gave me a very comforting account of the
state of the Duke's mind.  I feel it cause for much thankfulness that he was so sustained through faith in his Lord
and Saviour, and we may humbly trust, through His merits,
saved with an everlasting salvation. It would be very pleasant to me to hear how thy health and spirits are, after so
great a shock, and I propose inquiring at Blackheath, where
I rather expect to be next week; or, if thou wouldest have
the kindness to request one of thy ladies-in-waiting to write
me a few lines, I should be much obliged.
I hope that my dear and valued friend, the Duchess of
Gloucester, is as well as we can expect, after her deep affliction.
With desires for thy present and everlasting welfare,
I remain, thy attached and obliged friend,
ELIZABETH FRY.
Upton Lane, First Month, 27th, 1835.-I yesterday went,
by appointment, to visit the Duchess of Gloucester, after the
death of the Duke. She gave a highly interesting account
of his death. He appeared to depart in the full hope of a
Christian. This I felt satisfactory and comforting, after
having traced him from his'youth up, and seen his conduct,
and known his principles when a young man. I observe how
gently the Lord deals with His people, and how, under the
most varied circumstances, He visits all, and how He bears
with those that fear Him. It appeared to me that the Duke
desired to act up to the light received, and his faith was
strong in his Saviour, which proved his stronghold in the
day of trouble.
Second JMonth, 8th. —The way appears opening with our
present Ministers to obtain libraries for all the Coast Guard
Stations, a matter I have long had at heart.  My desire is,
to do all these things with a single eye to the glory of God,
and the welfare of my fellow-mortals, and if they succeed,




1835.]     LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.               467
to pray that He, who alone can bless and increase, may prosper the work of my unworthy hands, and that I may ever
wholly give the glory to Him to whom it is due, even my
Lord and my God.
The beneficial effects of the libraries introduced, through
her influence, into the Naval Hospitals at Haslar and Plymouth, and the testimony borne to their utility by Sir William
Burnett, the highest medical authority in the navy, had confirmed her desire to extend this advantage to all the Coast
Guard Stations, without further delay. It was brought under
the notice of Sir Robert Peel, then first Lord of the Treasury, by means of a letter addressed by Elizabeth Fry to his
brother Lawrence Peel, who had already ably seconded her
views in the Brighton District Society. This application met
with the approbation of Sir Robert Peel, by whom it was referred to Sir Thomas Freemantle-from him an assurance was
received, that there existed a strong disposition on the part of
the Board of Treasury to give effect to this object, and that,
as soon as the proposed plan was matured, it should receive
all the assistance in his power.
Seventh 2Month, 21st.-I have been very busy, trying to
obtain libraries for all the Coast Guard Stations, and have
had to see men in authority, who received me in a way that
was surprising to myself.
Her projected plan of thus forming libraries for all the
Coast Guard Stations throughout the United Kingdom, involved a vast undertaking, there being about five hundred of
these, divided into twenty-four districts, and comprising upwards of 21,000 persons, including the wives and children
of the men.
Government allowed a grant of ~500. Large private subscriptions were obtained through Elizabeth Fry's exertions.
The details of the arrangement were almost entirely her




468        LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.              [1835.
own, and remarkably adapted to meet the requirings of those
whom she desired to benefit; having made herself mistress of
the subject, and of the nature of the service, with surprising
trapidity and correctness.
Besides contributions in money, many liberal donations of
books were received from some of the most eminent booksellers; which, with the grants from the Society for Promoting
Christian Knowledge, the Religious Tract Society, and other
similar institutions, amounted in value to upwards of a thousand pounds.
The libraries, for the stations alone, amounted in all to
25,896 volumes. Fifty-two different works were prepared
for each station, whilst a still larger and more important
collection was to be attached to every one of the seventy-four
districts, in order to afford the needful variety and change.
Tlhe packages of books, the greater part carriage-free, were
dispatched in the course of the summer from the Custom
tlouse, in Government vessels to their different destinations.
But all this was not done without much fatigue and exertion,
many wearisome journeys to London, and a great deal of
rwriting; in the latter she was much assisted by a dissenting
minister, who undertook the office of Secretary, and proved
an efficient and useful agent to herself, and those gentlemen
wbho acted with her.
On the 2end of Fifth Month, Elizabeth Fry was ordered
to attend the Select Committee of the House of Lords, appointed to inquire into the present state of the several Gaols,and Houses of Correction in England and Wales.  She was
accompanied by Elizabeth Pryor, Jane Pirrie, and Catherine
Fraser, who were likewise to be examined. Sir T. Fowell
Buxton was with Elizabeth Fry. She and her companions
were conducted by him to an ante-room, where they found
the Duke of Richmond and Lord Suffield; the Duke of
Sutherland came in shortly afterwards.  The Duke of Richmond, as Chairman of the Committee, presided; the government short-hand writer was seated at the corner of the table,




1835.]       LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                   469
and Elizabeth Fry, Elizabeth Pryor, Jane Pirie, and Catherine Fraser at the right-hand of the Duke. There might be
from twelve to fifteen noblemen present.
An eye-witness writes:
"' Never, I should think, was the calm dignity of her character
more conspicuous.  Whatever her inward feelings might have
been, nothing like excitement was visible in her manner-nothing
hurried in her language. Perfectly self-possessed, her speech
flowed melodiously, her ideas were clearly expressed, and if another
thought possessed her, besides that of delivering her opinions
faithfully and judiciously on the subjects brought before her, it
was, that she might speak a word for her Lord and Master in that
noble company,
"' Beyond all topics, did she urge the vast importance of scriptural instruction for poor, fallen ones. Warmed by her subject, with
her voice a little raised, and a look of solemn earnestness, she went
on to say, after replying to one of the questions addressed to her"' I believe the effect of religious and other instruction is hardly
to be calculated on-and I may further say, that notwithstanding
the high estimation and reverence in which I held the Holy Scriptures before I went to the prisons, as believing them to be written
by inspiration of God, and therefore calculated to produce the
greatest good, I have seen (in reading the Scriptures to those
women) such a power attending them, and such an effect on the
minds of the most reprobate, as I could not have conceived. If
any one wants a confirmation of the truth of Christianity, let him
go and read the Scriptures in prison to poor sinners; you there
see, how the gospel is exactly adapted to the fallen condition of
man.  It has strongly confirmed my faith, and I feel it to be the
bounden duty of the Government and the country, that those
truths should be administered in the manner most likely to conduce to the real reformation of the prisoner; you then go to the
root of the matter-for though severe punishment may, in a measure, deter them and others from crime, it does not amend the
character and change the heart, but if you have altered the
principles of the individuals, they are not only deterred from crime,
because of the fear of punishment, but they go out and set a bright
example to others."




470        LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.               [1835.
The quiet self-possession with which she delivered her
opinions, won confidence and consideration; and she had the
satisfaction to believe, that some points of importance were
forwarded by the information which she furnished.
Her communications with persons who possessed worldly
power were not rendered subservient to the gratification of
self, to the indulgence of any principle of vanity, but, in the
openings for usefulness to her fellow creatures; and, as she
walked onward in the path of duty, she was preserved in
watchfulness and humility. Her guileless simplicity of heart,
the serious dignity of her deportment, and the unaffected
polish of her manner, (divested as it was of all the ceremony
of mere worldly politeness), inspired beholders with respect
and reverence, whilst her modest, beaming smile of calm
benignity impressed them with a consciousness of the love
that influenced her.
Some business now required Joseph Fry's attention in the
South of England: his wife accompanied him, with one of
their daughters.
She almost always called at the Coast Guard Stations,
and conversed with those whom she found there; frequently
the officers would follow her to the inn for further communication. At Portsmouth, she visited Haslar Hospital, speaking
kind and pitying words to the sick and deranged. Admiral
Garrett and his family paid her the most hospitable attention;
with his daughter she visited the Penitentiary at Portsea.
While they went over the house, the unhappy inmates were
assembled in the parlour, where they were all standing when
Elizabeth Fry, and her young companion, returned to the
room. The latter describes Elizabeth Fry, as " sitting down,
laying her bonnet on the table, and making some inquiries
as to the arrangements of the place, and the conduct of the
young women there. Two were pointed out to her as being
peculiarly refractory and hardened-without noticing this,
she addressed some words of exhortation and advice to all,
but when she arose to go away, she went up to these two,




1835.]      LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FlRY.               471
and extending her hand to each of them, said, in a tone and
manner quite indescribable, but so touching-' I trust I
shall hear better things of thee.' The hearts that had been
proof against the words of reproach and exhortation, softened
at those of hope and kindness, and both burst into tears."
The travellers made a three days' tour of the Isle of Wight;
but at Cowes Elizabeth Fry separated from her husband and
daughter, believing it her duty to cross to Jersey, in the hope
of effecting something towards remedying the crying evils
which still existed in the prison there. She was accompanied
by her young friend, Lydia Irving, from London, who had
kindly agreed to go with her; they went in the'I Jriacdne,"
Captain Bazin's steam-vessel.  They had a rough passage,
but a warm reception at D'Hautree, Colonel (now General)
Touzel's. By him and his family were they treated, not
merely with hospitality, but with true Christian affection, as
"beloved for their works' sake."
She laboured diligently during her stay on the island-her
objects being the prison, district society, &c.  She passed a
few days in Guernsey, being similarly occupied-thence
crossed to Weymouth-spent a short time at Plymouth,
visited the Coast Guard Stations, &c., and, joined by her
husband and daughter, proceeded to Falmouth, where they
were warmly welcomed by her valued relatives of the Fox
family, to whom she was much and justly attached.
Here she heard various particulars of the packets continually sailing from that port; she wished to have libraries for
them also. In this she was assisted by Captain Clavell, and
by many of the commanders of the packets; and she did not
relax in her efforts until they were well supplied with Bibles,
Testaments, religious tracts, &c. She received, a few months
afterwards, a letter from one of Capt. Clavell's family, dated
"'Falmouth, January 27th, 1835," which says: —
I am sure you will be glad to hear our library is getting on
with much success. The men appear more anxious than ever to




472        LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                 [1835.
read. ~...  I cannot tell you how much we all feel indebted to
you for your great kindness, and benevolent exertions; but particularly our poor sailors."
A few days were passed among the romantic beauties of
North Devon. Thence they turned their steps homewards;
but at Amesbury she paused long enough, to make arrangements for a library being established, for the use of the shepherds of Salisbury Plain. An excellent individual undertook
the care of the books, and their circulation.  After a few
months' trial of the plan, he wrote to her"Forty-five books are in constant circulation, with the additional
magazines.  More than fifty poor people read them with attention,
return them with thanks, and desire the loan of more, frequently
observing, they think it a very kind thing indeed, that they should
be furnished with so many good books, free of all cost, so entertaining and instructive, these long winter evenings.
From  the different officers of the Coast Guard Stations,
she received letters that gladdened her heart; all breathing
the same spirit, expressing their cordial approbation of the
plan, and the pleasure felt by the men and their families.
But something beyond pleasure was desired by her, with
whom the idea originated-that spiritual advantage and edification should accrue, to those who read.  The seed that
she sowed has, in truth, been in many instances remarkably
blessed.
On arriving at home from this western tour, an afflicting
event was impending, which she thus records:Upton, Tenth JAonth, 13th.-I returned home yesterday
with my dear husband, from a very affecting and unexpected
visit into Norfolk, in consequence of the severe illness and
death of my beloved sister, Mary Gurney, my brother Joseph's
amiable, devoted, and superior wife. She was in the prime
of her day, only thirty-two years of age, a spiritually-minded.
and lively minister, a very intellectual person, and highly
cultivated, generous, and remarkably cheerful, a wonderful




1835.]     LIFE OF ELIZABETH FRY.                  473
helper to my brother, adapted to his wants.  When I heard
how ill she was, I could hardly believe she would die, she
had such an apparent call here below, but our ways are not
the Lord's ways, nor our thoughts, His thoughts. He took
her, thus early, to Himself, but we apprehend, as the shock
of corn fully ripe. Our dearest Joseph's resignation and
patience are great indeed, and his even cheerful acquiescence
with the will of his God, is instructive. The funeral was deeply
affecting. After dinner we had an extraordinary time. Our
dear brother Francis Cunningham prayed-his dear Richenda
spoke. Joseph, in the most striking manner, enlarged on the
character of the departed, on his loss, and his consolation;
the day went on and ended well, in a reading with the poor
neighbours; but words fail me, to tell of the solemn, holy,
loving feeling over us. Oh! what a blessing is family unity
in the Lord-my children who were present, and many others,
were deeply and powerfully impressed. May it be lastingmay the same spirit that has so remarkably rested upon us,
rest on them; the same love, the same peace, the same unity
of spirit, the same freeness of spiritual communication. Such
a day is almost like being raised above the things of this
world; all appeared sanctified, all blessed, even the very
beauties of the place. How did I feel called upon to entreat,
and to warn, how did I seek to bear testimony to the very
truth-and how did dearest Joseph, in his affliction, beseech
all to come to Christ, for salvation.
23d.-Since my return home, I have had very satisfactory
letters from the island of Jersey, saying that great alterations
and improvements are taking place in the Hospital.  The
Prison Committee have also acted upon many of my suggestions. In our home prison cause, it is really marvellous
to me to observe the openings of Providence, in the good
effected by the members of the Ladies' British Society. I
feel rather bound to record these things-not by way of
boasting, but as a proof that all comes from the Lord, who
blesses in the labour, and who strengthens for the work
60




474        LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.    [1836.
Upton Lane, Second JMonth, 25th, 1836.-On the 23rd instant, I thought it right to lay before my Monthly Meeting,
mybelief, that it was my duty to have some religious services
in Sussex, Kent, and my own Quarterly Meeting. I can hardly
express the sweetness and peacefulness I felt, in making this
small sacrifice, to what I believe to be, the call of duty.  The
near unity and sympathy expressed with me by my friends,
was also very encouraging and comforting.  IMy dearest
brother Samuel offering to take this expedition, was quite a
help and comfort.
Third Month, 13th.-I returned from my journey on Sixthday last, having been out a week. I felt low, in fact, almost
ill, with the serious weight of the prospect of the Public
Meetings. The first Meeting I wished to have, was at Hastings, the second at Rye; a curious interesting place, towards
which I had felt much attracted in my last journey.  We
found a Meeting-house there.  Grover Kemp, a valuable
young minister, joined me at my request, which was a great
satisfaction to me.
At Hastings, several of the Coast Guard men and Officers
were at the Meeting.  I had many proofs of the uze and
value of the libraries sent to them, to my comfort and satisfaction; proving it not to have been labour " in vain in the
Lord." Real kindness, almost affection, as well as gratitude,
was shown to me, by several of the men and officers and
their families.  We hope a Bible Society will be formed at
Rye in consequence of our visit, and a Prison Society at
Dover. But to come to one of the most interesting parts of
our expedition, we went to Sheerness, to visit the women
and children in the ships in ordinary. Captain Kennedy had
them collected at my request; it was a fine sight, in a large
man-of-war, instead of bloodshed and fightings, to see many
naval officers, two chaplains, sailors, soldiers, ladies, numbers
of women and children, all met to hear what two Quakers
had to say, more particularly a woman, and to listen to any
advice given by them.  We examined the children, as tc




1836.]     LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                 475
their knowledge, then gave them advice, afterwards we addressed their parents, and lastly those present generally-we
were received with great cordiality by Captain Kennedy, and
his wife.
23rd.-I laid before our Monthly Meeting on Third-day,
my belief of its being my duty to go to Ireland, and to take
Liverpool and Manchester in the way. I had the unity of
my friends-I say in my heart-unless Thy presence go with
me, take me not up hence. May my Lord answer this prayer
in His tender mercy.
Fourth MJonth, 14th. —Just about leaving home for Ireland
-oh dearest Lord! bless, I entreat Thee, this act of faith, to
my family, myself, and those amongst whom I go, and be, I
most humbly pray Thee, my Keeper, their Keeper; my
Helper, their Helper; my Strength, their Strength; my Joy
and Peace, and their Joy and Peace, Amen! Grant this for
Thine own name' sake, oh, most gracious Lord God! cause
also, that we may meet again, in love, joy, peace and safety.
Upton Lane, Fifth Month, 13th.-I returned home safely
yesterday afternoon. I think I never had so happy and so
prosperous an arrival. I wept with joy; the stream appears
to be turned for a while, my tears have often flowed for
sorrow, and now my beloved husband and children have
caused them to flow for joy. I found not only all going on
well, and having done so during my absence, but to please,
comfort and surprise me, my dearest husband had had my
rooms altered, and made most comfortable, and my children
had sent me nice presents to render them more complete.
Their offerings of love quite gladdened my heart, though far
too good for me; I felt utterly unworthy of them, I may say
peculiarly so. I have seldom returned home more sensible
of the hidden evils of my heart.  Circumstances have unusually made me feel this. I fully believe in this going out,
much help has been granted me, in various ways; my understanding has appeared to be enlightened, more fully to see
and comprehend gospel truth, and power has been given me
to utter it boldly, beyond what I could have supposed.




476        LIFE  OF ELIZABE TH FRY.             [1836.
The preceding extract depicts what was, under all circumstances, the striking characteristic of this remarkable woman
-her deep humility and lowly estimate of herself.  She,
who was continually devoting every energy of mind and
body to promote the happiness of the human family, and
whose self-sacrificing love assumed a concentrated form of
tenderest attachment towards each member of her own immediate circle, calling forth, in every hour of need, the most
assiduous exertions in their service, is yet found to be so
acutely affected by tokens of kind attention from her husband
and children-tokens which might naturally be expected by
every affectionate wife and mother-that the tears of grateful
joy are shed, and her heart is gladdened by offerings of love,
which she feels herself "utterly unworthy'" to receive. This
incident pourtrays her mind, in lines more vividly defined
than the pen can describe.
My desires and prayers are strong, that being returned
home, I may profit by the deep experience of this expedition.
May my holy Redeemer cause me by His Spirit to walk very
closely to Himself, keeping to the truth in His Spirit, and,
by His power, preserving me from impetuous zeal in holy
things. In this Yearly Meeting, may very sound discretion
be my portion. As for my home duties, my longings are indescribable that I may perform them in deep humility, godliness, holy fear, and love; that I may be a preacher of
righteousness, in all things, and in all ways.
Sixth JMonth, 12th, (First-day morning.)-We, yesterday,
had our British Society Meeting, and it was striking to me
to observe, how much our various labours had been blessed,
and to hear how many poor women, from various parts, have
been induced to forsake their evil courses, and are now either
leading good lives, or have died happy Christian deaths.
18th.-I have felt a good deal pressed in spirit, during
these last few days. The day before yesterday I counted
twenty-nine persons who came here, on various accounts,




1836.]       LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                    477
principally to see me; there are times, when the tide of life
is almost overpowering. It makes me doubtful, as to our
remaining much longer in this place, which, from its situation, brings so many here. I have several things which
rather weightily press me just now. I desire to lay my case
before the Lord, trusting in Him, and casting myself and
my whole care upon Him. Dearest Lord, help: supply all
our needs, through the riches of Thy grace, in Christ Jesus!
Amen.
In the Sixth Month, Elizabeth Fry had the satisfaction of
receiving the printed Report of the Committee acting under
the sanction of the Government, for furnishing the Coast
Guard of the United Kingdom with libraries of religious and
instructive books; announcing the completion of the project,
with a short account of what had been effected.
The Report is as follows:"The committee, acting under the sanction of His Majesty's
Government, for furnishing the Coast Guard of the United Kingdom with Libraries of religious and instructive books, and also with
school books for the families of the men employed on that service,
having, by the blessing of Divine Providence, completed that object,
it becomes their pleasing duty to lay before the subscribers a Report of their proceedings.
"In the commencement of this duty, it is proper gratefully to
acknowledge, that the idea of furnishing these libraries first suggested itself to the benevolent mind of Mrs. Fry, whose active and
charitable exertions, on all occasions affecting the benefit of mankind, are too well known, and too highly estimated, to need further
remark on the present occasion, and who having previously succeeded in inducing his Majesty's Government to establish libraries
for the use of the patients in the naval hospitals, was induced by
the observations she had made on the subject, to endeavour to
extend the same beneficial measure to the Coast Guard Service,
and after several unsuccessful efforts, arising from the expense
which it would occasion, a sum of ~500 was obtained in 1835,




478         LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                  [1836.
from the First Lord of the Treasury (Sir Robert Peel) for this
purpose, which munificent donation has since been followed by
subscriptions from many charitable individuals, and grants from
several public book societies, but as the whole of these funds were
not sufficient to meet the object in view, the present Chancellor of
the Exchequer (Mr. Spring Rice) kindly granted two further
sums amounting together to ~460 to effect its completion.
" The means thus so liberally afforded, have enabled the committee to provide and forward to the coast,498 Libraries for the Stations on shore, containing 25,896 vols.
74  Ditto         Districts                 12,880
48  Ditto         Cruisers                  1,867
School books for the children of the crews of Stations 6,464
Pamphlets, Tracts, &c.                        5,357 in Nos.
Makin a total of 52,464 vols.
and thereby to furnish a body of deserving and useful men and
their wives and families, (amounting to upwards of 21,000 persons,)
with the means of moral and religious instruction, as well as profitable amusement, most of whom, from their situation in life,
have not the means of procuring such benefits from their own
resources, and who in many instances, are so far removed from
places of public worship and schools, as to prevent the possibility
of themselves or their families deriving advantage from either."
To have been enabled to accomplish this great undertaking, so fraught with vast and important consequences, was
indeed a source of inexpressible relief and satisfaction to
the mind of Elizabeth Fry.
Having now completed her onerous task in reference
to the establishment of these libraries, her mind was much
impressed with an apprehension that it was her duty again
to visit Jersey and Guernsey, in order to promote some
important reforms which, through her instrumentality, had
been begun, but which, to render them effectual, required
her assistance and direction.  One difficulty presented itself
in the indisposition of Louisa Hoare, and Elizabeth Fry felt




1836.]      LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.               479
deeply the seriousness and the trial of leaving the vicinity of
London, at a time when the health of her sister indicated that
she was sinking under the influence of disease.  She earnestly sought for the guidance of her heavenly Father, and
she believed it to be her duty to go to Jersey, at any sacrifice
of personal feeling, and this view was confirmed, by knowing
that by her suffering sister she was not needed; every thing
that love or skill could effect, being done for the beloved invalid, by her own family, and her other sisters. Another
circumstance tended to satisfy her mind as to the rectitude
of her decision: her sister-in-law Elizabeth Fry, then in very
delicate health, having been again advised to visit the Channel
Islands, where she had before derived much benefit from the
mild sea air, she with Joseph and Elizabeth Fry, and their
daughter, embarked at Southampton, on a calm fine evening,
with every prospect of a good voyage, but these favourable
appearances were not of long duration. About four o'clock
in the morning, all on board were roused by the sudden
stopping of the vessel. A dense fog had come on, when
passing through the intricate passage between the Caskets
and the island of Alderney. They remained many hours
entangled amongst rocks, with the fog so thick, that it was
not always easy to see the length of the vessel; much apprehension was entertained by many on board, in which Elizabeth Fry partook, though preserving her wonted calmness of
demeanour. Providentially, there was, as passenger in the
steamer, the old Guernsey pilot, who had, with remarkable
skill, steered some vessels through a passage, generally considered impracticable. Of his advice and assistance, the
Captain, himself an experienced pilot, took advantage, anc'
after a time of careful navigation, the joyful tidings spread
among the passengers, that the jeopardy was over, that they
were through the channel, and once more in the open sea.
The spirit of Elizabeth Fry's mind was exemplified by her
remark to her daughter, when, as they approached Guernsey,
the clouds passed away, and the sun shone forth in brightness.




480       LIFE OF ELIZABETH FRY.                [1836.
It was First-day. She said, in a solemn manner, I have felt
it very doubtful whether this was not to be, for us, the dawn
of the eternal, instead of the earthly Sabbath; I thought it
rather the Church above, than the Church below, we were to
join to-day.
But we turn to her own interesting account of the excursion:
Jersey, Eighth Month, 6th.-My husband and I have been
here rather more than a week. I left home on Fourth-day,
the 27th, accompanied by my dear sister Gurney, leaving my
husband and the rest of the party to follow on Sixth-day,
because I believed it to be my duty to attend the Quarterly
Meeting at Alton, in my way to Southampton.  In tender
mercy, I was permitted to part from my beloved family in
peace, in love, and in good hope that our Heavenly Father
would bless and protect them. On Second-day, before leaving home, we had our dear children and grandchildren, for
a sweet cheerful evening, drinking tea and having strawberries, in the garden, a little farewell frolic-it was a lovely
sight. From Alton I proceeded to Southampton, where we
all met, and were favoured with a favourable passage till
early in the morning, when so awful a fog came on, just as
we were in the midst of the rocks, between Alderney and
Guernsey, that the Captain and the crew appeared to be
much alarmed.  We all felt it very seriously, and I experienced something of my own infirmity and fearful nature,
still I was quiet, and I think trustful.  It was delightful
once more to see land, and to have the sun shine upon us. I
can hardly express the feeling. We were detained about
four hours in this fog. I must describe our arrival, the sun
breaking out, showing us the islands of Guernsey, Herm,
and Sark.  Castle Carey, the place of our destination, on the
top of the hill, surrounded by trees, looking beautiful: we
met with the most cordial reception from our friends and
their children-the place delightful-my room commanding




1836.]     LIFE OF ELIZABETHI FRY.                 481
the finest view of the sea and islands, our comforts abundant,
far above our deserts. I had apprehended, previously to
leaving home, that I should feel it a duty to visit the island
of Alderney, but I became discouraged, the danger of the
sea having been so much brought home to me, and the passage being very difficult. But I found upon weighing the
subject, that I was not satisfied to omit it, and therefore, if a
favourable opening occurred, resolved to make the effort, and
to go on Fourth-day, the 11th.  We tried for a conveyance
in vain, till the very morning, when we found a vessel going.
The sun shone brilliantly, the wind fair; every thing prospered our setting off, and we appeared to have the unity of
all our party.  My beloved husband, Edmund Richards,
Sophia Mourant, and myself.  We had a very favourable
voyage, though these little sailing vessels are unpleasant to
me, and give me an uncomfortable sensation.  We arrived
at this curious island, which is rocky, wild, not generally cuitivated, covered in parts with a carpet of lovely wild flowers,
and scantily inhabited by an interesting people. No inn, of
course, but we had a very nice lodging, where we might
truly say, we wanted for no real comfort: so the Lord doth
provide. I was low and poorly, during the first part of our
visit; but like the fog on the voyage, my cloudy state was
suddenly dispersed, as from a ray of the Sun of Righteousness. We held some meetings, we also formed a Ladies'
Charity to visit the poor, we proposed sending a library, and
Edmund Richards formed a temperance society.  We were
received with great kindness, by numbers of the people, and
by Major Baines the Governor, and his wife.  We found no
opportunity for our departure at the time we had proposed
leaving Alderney, and were literally confined there, until the
end of the following week, when the way appeared to be as
clear to return, as it had been to go. A vessel to take usthe wind fair, and the sun bright.  We arrived safely at
Castle Carey, on the evening of the 24th of the Seventh
Month, and found good accounts from home, and from the
61




482        LIFE OF ELIZABETH FRY.                [1836.
party who had preceded us to Jersey; thanks be to my Heavenly Father! My too anxious and fearful mind having
been disposed to much anxiety. I had not much public
service in Guernsey. Meetings as usual on First-day.  I
went to see many families of Friends and others, and besides
some of the poor, visited the Hospital, and urged the great
need of a Lunatic Asylum. The evening before our departure, I had a very solemn Public Meeting, with many interesting persons; afterwards several joined us at Castle Carey,
where we had a time of much interest, pleasantly partaking of
natural friendship; afterwards we were read to by a clergyman, and then I had a very solemn occasion of thanksgiving
and prayer, greatly doubting my ever seeing most of their
faces again.  The next morning, John and Matilda Carey,
their children, the clergyman, and our friends E. Richards
and family, all accompanied us to the shore, some went with
us in a boat to the ship, which I entered in peace and comfort, under the belief, that I had been in my right allotment
in that island, and Alderney.  We had a beautiful passage
here, calm, and lovely weather, and had the blessing of finding the party well.
Jersey, 19th.-In this place I find much to occupy me, in
the Hospital, the District Society, and in the Prisons. We
receive much kind attention from the inhabitants of the island.
I had much to say in a large District Society Meeting, yesterday-I hope usefully. I entered it prayerfully, but not
enough so. I have enjoyed some delightful expeditions into
the lovely country, where we have sometimes taken our cold
dinner, and spent the day in the rocky bays. We have also
joined two large parties of the same kind, which were pleasant
to me; my nature leads me to be social, and rather like general society; but I wish all to be done in the right spirit.
Innocent recreation, I believe, is profitable as well as pleasant.
Our Lord desired His servants to rest, and He evidently felt
for them when they had hardly time to eat; (6th chapter
of Mark, 31st verse;) but this rest was after labour. I




1836.]     LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  PRY.                  483
believe our recreations are right, as far as they fit us for our
Master's service, and wrong, if they enervate and disqualify
us for it.  I have deeply felt my sister Hoare's state.  I
may say, in measure, I bear her burdens with her,-she has
my frequent prayers, and my tears often rise in remembrance
of her. My heart is also much at home, most tenderly
interested for all my children, more particularly my boys.
I think I have cause for much thankfulness in the accounts
from them.
23rd.-The letters on First-day brought us the affecting
intelligence that my much-loved sister Hoare was worse;
her decline has been rapid the last week or two. My sister
Cunningham wrote to me, to beg me to set off to her directly;
this proved a stunning blow-the low estate of this tenderly
beloved sister, the difficulty of getting to her, the doubts as
to what I ought to do, all upset me, as I say, stunned me.
What could I do, but pray, in this emergency, to be helped
and directed aright; that I might faithfully do my duty to
all, and that my poor, dear, afflicted sister might be so
helped immediately by her Lord Himself, that no other help
might be really needful to her, yet the infirmity of my heart
led me to pray also, that if right for us, I might see her
again, and be some little help and comfort to her in her last
hours.
On calmly weighing the subject, Elizabeth Fry believed
it to be her duty to remain in Jersey, until the important
objects that had led her thither were accomplished.  She
was enabled to attend to each one, and to leave with peace.
A Committee of Ladies was established for visiting the
Hospital in Jersey, with the wife of the Lieutenant-Governor,
General Campbell, at its head. The District Society was
increasing in usefulness, the new House of Correction was
likely to be established on the best principles; and she had
the comfort of knowing, that all these objects were left under
the skilful and efficient superintendence of her kind friend




484        LIFE  OF ELIZABETH FRY.                [1836.
Miajor-General Touzel, who had been, with other Jersey
gentlemen, faithful coadjutors in her various labours.  HIer
visits to Alderney and Guernsey had, as we have seen, been
accomplished to her own satisfaction.
Jersey, _Eighth JMionth, 25th.-Since I last wrote, I have
passed through much conflict-indeed I have been strongly
drawn two ways.  I now expect to cross to-morrow; but
some discouragement attends it.  I am about going to a
Public M{eeting of importance, to finish, as I suppose, such
services here. Be pleased, most gracious Lord, to be with
me in this straitened place, help me through this service,
by Thine own Spirit, to glorify Thee; edify, comfort, and
help this people, and those dear to me.  Show me, I pray
Thee, for Thy dear Son's sake, this token for good in
my low estate-and if it please Thee, make my way quite
clear before me; if I am called to my beloved sister, oh,
dearest Lord, be Thyself with me, and all of us, that we
may part in peace, love, and joy, in Thee. Amen. In Thy
love and pity in Christ Jesus, hearken to my unworthy cry.
_Upton Lane, N1irnth Month, 13t1h.-I was favoured to get
through this Mieeting well. By the close of that day, I had
very much concluded the various duties that I was called to
perform in that island.  I felt peace in going at that time.
* "a *      * * "  VWe then set off, found a comfortable small
vessel, and a good captain.            W *    We had altogether
a pleasant and prosperous voyage.
On arriving at HIampstead she found her sister Hoare extremely ill and at times unconscious; but she had a return
of some degree of brightness, and Elizabeth Fry writes:I had the inexpressible comfort of being permitted a few
days with her, and she evidently liked my company. I particularly observed, how gently I was dealt with, by her reviving a little after I arrived, so that I had not the bitterness




1836.]     LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.               485
of seeing her at once sinking. The affliction was thus mitigated to me; I was enabled to show her some marks of my
deep and true love, and to be with and earnestly pray for her,
in the hour of death. I was helped to be some comfort to
many of her family, (and utterly unworthy as I know I am
of it) I believe in my various ministrations, I was enabled to
prove the power of the Spirit to qualify for his own work;
and amongst them all, particularly with my dear nephew,
who has just entered the " Church," deeply to impress the
necessity of the work of the Spirit being carried on in the
heart; and of having Christian charity towards others of
every denomination. My beloved sister Hoare's death has
made a deep impression on me. I do not like to enter life or
its cares, or to see many, or to be seen. I like to withdraw
from the world, and to be very quiet. I have naturally
much felt the event, though supported and comforted under it.
Tenth MJlonth, 2nd, (First-day.)-On Second-day morning,
when going into the select Quarterly Meeting, with my brother Samuel, my son William came to tell us, that a serious
accident had happened to my husband and daughter in Normandy. They had been thrown down a precipice, the carriage
broken to pieces, and although they had experienced a very
Providential deliverance, in their lives being spared, and no
dangerous wound received, yet Katharine was so much hurt,
and my dearest husband so much shaken, that they wished
me to go to them immediately. I gave up the Quarterly
Meeting of course, and set off with my much-loved son William to Dover, so as to cross by the first packet to France.
I remember my sorrow, and perhaps undue disappointment,
in not accompanying them to France. It seemed almost as if
my Heavenly Father had heard my murmurings, as He heard
the children of Israel in the Wilderness, and had taken me
to France, when I did go-against my inclination, alas! I
received it also as a lesson to have but one prayer and desire
in all things, "that the Lord's will be done on earth as it is
in Heaven." The accident was most serious; such an escape




486         LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FaY.              [1886.
I think I never heard of; the carriage, in the first instance:
fell with one horse (the driver and the other horse being
separated from them) about four yards perpendicularly: then
the carriage was dragged down about twenty-six yards more.
The poor peasants came to assist, and fetched the village doctor for the body and the priest for the soul.
To one of her sons she writes from Calais -
_iniz7h Monith, 26th, 1836.
William and I reached Dover soon after twelve o'clock last
evening.  W1e were settled by one o'clock, and off about
half-past seven this morning.  Our journey was an anxious
one, until, as the evening advanced, I became more quieted,
and trustful that all was ordered for us in mercy and wisdom.'ATe had a very favourable passage of three hours; and to
our great satisfaction, found your father looking for us on the
quay.  We found our dearest Kate exceedingly bruised, and
very grievously hurt altogether.  Your dear father looks, I
think, shaken and aged by all that he has gone through.;M;ary has been a very attentive nurse. 8he looks also jaded,
but from her excessive fright, when they were going down
the hill, she knelt down and put her head on KIatherine's lap,
by which means her face was perfectly saved. And so I
have, at last, touched French ground.  William and I have
not been idle; we have already visited the Prison and Hospital.  We hope it may please Providence, in tender mercy,
to permit us all to arrive at home next Seventh-day, probably
by a packet that leaves this place that morning for London.
Upton Lane, Tenth M3fonth, 15th.-William and I went
one day to " St." Omer, aud stayed till the next. We had a
very interesting expedition; his company was sweet to me.
I was a good deal instructed, as well as interested, in visiting the Roman Catholic charities. The sacrifice that must
be made to give up the whole life, as the Sisters of Charity




1836.1      LIFE OF ELIZABETH FRY.                 487
do, to teach and bring up the poor children, and attend to the
sick in their hospitals, is very exemplary; and the slackness
of some Protestants, and coldness of too many, led me to
think that, whilst the meritoriousness of good works may be
unsoundly upheld by the Roman Catholics, yet, that it stimulates to much that is excellent; and a fear arose in my mind,
that the true doctrine that teaches that we have no merit in
anything that we do, is either so injudiciously represented,
or so misunderstood, that, in too many cases, it leads to laxity, or to sin, and a want of diligence in works of righteousness and true holiness.  I was much interested in witnessing
the Mass, but here I thought I saw something of the work of
true religion, under what appeared to me, the rubbish of superstition and show.  But I also thought, that much of the
same thing remained amongst Protestants. I long to see
true religion in its purity and simplicity, spread more and
more,.to the glory of God and the peace of men.
Eleventh gMontz, 6th, (First-day.)-It has pleased our
Heavenly Father to permit much trial within the last two or
three weeks.  My dearest Richenda has had a very serious,
I may say dangerous illness; one of great suffering. This
day week her medical attendants were much alarmed, and
wished to have a third called in; I deeply felt her state, but
very earnestly desired to have no will in it, seeing I knew
not what was best for her. My prayer was most earnest for
her salvation, that whenever taken hence, she might be ready,
being washed and made white in the blood of the everlasting
covenant.
During Chenda's illness, I had very affecting accounts
from  Lynn, of dearest Rachel; her little Willy and his
nurse; all in the scarlet fever; the little boy very dangerously ill.
On the 17th of the following month, Elizabeth Fry, accompanied by some of her associates in the labours of the prisons,




488         LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.              [1837.
met by appointment a Committee of Gentlemen, at the Great
Millbank Penitentiary, and she says:WVe found to our great satisfaction, that through the Secretary of State, Lord John Russell, our way was fully open
to visit this prison, which we had long desired to do, but
never before had gained access to it. NTow, I think, every
criminal prison in London is visited by us. I see much encouragement and cause for thankfulness, in our way thus
continuing to be made in this work of Christian love. I
went to Hampstead in the evening, truly affecting it was to
find the real, great loss in that dear family. I felt much
love towards them, but did not see religiously or naturally,
that I was very likely to be able to help them.
Twe7fth JMonth, 31st. —Late in the evening, alone.-I feel
it rather a solemn close to this year; not a time of brightness, though abounding with causes for thankfulness-which
I desire more deeply to feel. May my Lord grant, for His
dear Son's sake, that the Holy Spirit may more abundantly
rest upon me, and mine, as our Guide, Sanctifier, and Comforter.  May I more faithfully, watchfully, and humbly, perform all my duties to my Lord, my family, my friends, the
church generally, and the world, and to myself. In afflictions
may my soul be possessed in patience and watchfulness! and
may every day draw us nearer to God and His kingdom!
Upton Lane, First MJkonth, 25th, 1837.-My heart and
mind have been much occupied, by my brother Joseph's
writing to inform me, that he apprehends it will be his duty
to go to America this year, upon religious service. The subject is deeply important and weighty; yet I desire to rejoice
in his willingness to give up all for the service of his Lord.
Though some fears have arisen, from a sort of floating apprehension I have had for many years, that I ought, or might,
go with him, if ever he visited that land. Upon viewing it,
as it respects myself, I believe I may truly say, I do not, at
present, see any such opening. As far as I can see, home




1837.]     LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                489
has my first call of duty; what the future may produce, I
leave; but as far as I know my own heart, I very earnestly
desire to feel, continually, that I am not my own, but bought
with a price; therefore, I am my Lord's servant, and must
do as I am bidden, even if the service called for appear to
me unreasonable. But I must further observe, that in condescending mercy, I have generally found in services really
called for, there has been a ripeness, that may be compared
to the fruit come to maturity. For this service, for the present, I see no way.
Second Month, lth. —Yesterday, when I went to town to
visit Newgate, I was stopped by Foster Reynolds, saying,
that he had sad tidings for me-which proved to be, that my
beloved sister Harriet was most suddenly taken, leaving
eight young children and my poor dear brother. Still, I trust
not " left," beceuse surely the Lord will be near, to help him
in this very deep sorrow. Of course we are brought very
low by this fresh family affliction. Deeply do I desire, that
it may be sanctified to us all. The same post brought yesterday, the account from my brother Joseph, that he had laid
his concern to visit America before his Monthly Meeting.  So
one brother is called to do, the other to suffer;-may our
Lord's will be done, by and through them both.
15th.-The funeral of my much beloved sister takes place today. What a scene of unutterable sorrow at Runcton, where a
few days ago, all was, in no common degree, joy, peace, and
great prosperity. Oh! what occasions are these, where families meet together, for the affecting and solemn purpose of
committing the remains of a beloved one, to the silent grave.
May the Lord Himself lift up the light of His countenance
upon them, bless them, and keep them in a sound mind, and
sound faith.  Be pleased, oh gracious Lord! to help, pity,
and comfort these afflicted ones this day.
How touching-how affecting an event was this! bringing
home the solemn truth that no circumstances, neither talent,
62




490        LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.              [1837.
wealth, beauty, nor earthly rank, can avail anything when
the pale messenger is sent with the awful summons. Lady
Harriet Gurney had entered the family, when many of the
elder members had reached the meridian of life. She had
come, not alone to gladden her own domestic hearth, but to
diffuse of her bright loving, hopeful spirit amongst hel
husband's relatives. For fourteen years she had, in an exemplary manner, fulfilled the duties of wife and mother,
friend and mistress.
Her brother-in-law, T. F. Buxton, wrote on the day of her
funeral:-"In seeing her coffin committed to the vault, I
could not but feel, that it contained all that remained of as
much beauty, and true loveliness of mind, body, and spirit,
as we ever saw removed from this world!"
Elizabeth Fry still laboured diligently in her works of
mercy, and was most kindly assisted by members of the government.
Upton Lane, Third J3onth, 12th. —I yesterday, went to
the Colonial Office to meet Sir George Grey, on subjects
respecting New South Wales, and the state of the female
convicts; to the Irish Office, and saw Lord Morpeth respecting National Schools and Prisons, and then to the Home
Office, about Jersey Prisons, &c. In every one I met with
a most cordial reception. So the Lord yet makes way with
those in power.
Sixth JlfAonvth. —The King died last Third-day, the 20th.
Our young Queen was proclaimed yesterday. My prayers
have arisen for her, that our Heavenly Father would pour
forth His spirit upon her, guide her by His counsel, and
grant her that wisdom which is from above. I have received a long letter from the Duchess of —, containing
a very interesting account of her, and the death of the late
King.
Seventh Jonth, 2Oth.-I returned home yesterday evening
from Lowestoft, after having accompanied my brother Joseph




1837.]      LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.               491
to Liverpool, on his way to America. Our time at Earlham
was very interesting; I believe I was helpful to my brother
in a large Meeting that he held, to take leave of the citizens
of Norwich.  It was a highly interesting occasion, and I
trust edifying to many. I am very sorry to say, my mind
has too much the habit of anxiety and fearfulness. I believe
this little journey would have been much more useful to me,
but from an almost constant cloud over me, from the fear of
being wanted by some of my family. I think it would be
better for myself, and for them, if they did not always cling
so closely round my heart, so as to become too much of a
weight upon me.
My beloved brother's leave-taking of Earlham and the
family there, was very affecting; still there was peace in it,
and joy in the Lord, inasmuch as there is delight in doing
what we believe to be His will. Of this, I think we partook
with him. We went from Earlham to Runcton; there we
dined.  Shall I ever dine with my three brothers again?
the Lord only knows-my heart was tendered in being with
them.
I rejoice that I proceeded with Joseph, for I did not, before that, feel that I had come at his mind, he had been so
much engaged, but, on the journey, I did so very satisfactorily.  Samuel, Elizabeth, Joseph and myself, thus had a
time together, never to be forgotten.  We had much interesting conversation respecting things spiritual and things
temporal, ourselves and our families. We proceeded to Manchester, where we met our dear Jonathan and Hannah Backhouse, their children, and Eliza P. Kirkbride; also William
Forster. We were a very united company. That evening,
William Forster read the 54th chapter of Isaiah, expressing
his full belief, that our dearest Joseph would experience the
promises contained in the last few verses. The next day we
went to Liverpool, and spent much of the morning in his
very comfortable ship; we felt being in it, for it was very
touching parting with one so tenderly beloved. We made




492       LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                [1837.
things comfortable for him, I attended to the books, and
that a proper library should go out for the crew, passengers,
and steerage passengers.  However occupied or interested,
I desire never to forget any thing that may be of service to
others.  We had a delightful morning with Joseph, but the
tears often rose to my eyes; still, I desire to be thankful
more than sorrowful, that I have a brother so fitted for his
Lord's service, and willing to give up all for His name's
sake.
That evening, again we had an interesting religious time
in prayer. The next morning there was a solemn calm over
us-the day of parting was come. After breakfast we all
assembled, with some of our friends. We read the 4th of
Philippians, our spirits were much bowed and broken, but
the chapter encouraged us to stand fast in the Lord, to help
one another in Christ, even the women who laboured in the
gospel, and, to be careful for nothing, for that the Lord would
supply all our need.
After her brother had ministered to them, and prayer had
been offered, she adds:Soon afterwards we went to the ship.  I saw the library
arranged, with some others to help me; then devoted myself
to my beloved brother, put sweet flowers in his cabin, which
was made most comfortable for him.  It was announced that
the ship was going-we assembled in the ladies' cabin-I
believe all wept.  William Forster said, the language had
powerfully impressed him —" I will be with you always, even
to the end of the world;" therefore we might trust our beloved
ones to Him who had promised. I then knelt down with
these words —"Now, Lord, what wait we for, our hope is in
Thee," and entirely committed him and his companions in
the ship, to the most holy and powerful keeping of Israel's
Shepherd; that even the voyage might be blessed to him,
and to others.  In short, our souls were poured forth before




1837.]     LIFE OF E L IZABETH FRY.               493
and unto the Lord, in deep prayer and supplication. Joseph
almost sobbed, still a solemn quiet and peace reigned over
us. I believe the Lord was with us, and owned us at this
solemn time. We left the ship, and walked by the side of
the Pier, until they were towed out; then we went away,
and wept bitterly-but not the tears of deep sorrow, far from
it; how different from the grief for sin, or even disease, or
the perplexities of life.
Upton Lane, IEiglhth Month, 6th.-I am much occupied
about the great Female Prison in Ireland, also the one at
Paramatta. Government is wonderfully kind, and I believe
much good is likely to be done by the steps now being taken.
18th.-I have believed it right to have the poor invited, to
attend the Evening Meeting at Ratcliffe to-morrow. These
are weighty engagements; may the Holy Spirit be poured
forth, for the comfort, help, and encouragement of the hearers,
and to my own peace.
Second-day, 20th.-Yesterday, we were favoured to get
well through the Meeting, the people were very attentive,
and some appeared in tears.  Christ was preached as the
"Way " to the Kingdom of Heaven, the sacrifice for our
sins, and the healer of our wounds. He appeared to me to
be exalted, through the power of the Spirit. May I be
faithful in every call of duty, trusting in Him who can
qualify me by His own power.
JVinth Mlonth.-Since this Meeting, the interest that others
have taken with me in the poor of Ratcliffe, has led us to
look into their deplorable condition. We have formed a
committee to visit them at their houses, see their state, provide a library for their use, and probably an infant school.
So one thing springs out of another!
Last Seventh-day, my brother and sister Gurney and I went
to Crawley, to attend the little Meeting at Ifield, and to go
to William Allen's at Lindfield.  My brother said, that any
serious persons who liked to attend the Meeting might do so,
and to our surprise, we found a large congregation of the




494        LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                [1837T
labouring classes; I should think nearly a hundred men in
smock-frocks; it was quite a sight.  I felt low, empty, unworthy, and stripped in spirit, but my Lord helped me. We
certainly had a solemn Meeting, the people were very attentive; we also had a very satisfactory reading with the people
at the inn. In the evening we attended another Meeting at
Lindfield, in which William Allen very acceptably united.
Other Friends were there.  We also called upon some poor,
sorrowful, destitute ones.  This little excursion appeared
blessed to our comfort, refreshment, and peace, and I believe
had the same effect on those whom we visited.  I observe,
with those who may think they differ in sentiment, there is
nothing like bringing them together; how often is it then
found, that the difference is more in expression than reality,
and that the spirit of love and charity breaks down the partition walls.
I have, for many months past, deeply felt the wish for
more religious intercourse with my children, and more uniting
with them upon important and interesting subjects.  I have
turned it in my mind, again and again, and at last have proposed making the experiment, and meeting this eveningfirst, to consider different subjects of usefulness in charities,
and then to close with serious reading, and such religious
communication as way may open for.
Thou, Lord, only knowest the depth of my desire, for the
everlasting welfare of my children! If it be Thy holy and
blessed will, grant that we may be truly united to Thee, as
members of Thy Militant Church on earth, and spiritually
united amongst ourselves, as members of one body, each
filling his different office, faithfully unto Thee.  Grant that
this little effort may be blessed to promote this end, and
cause that in making it, we may experience the sweet influence of Thy love shed abroad in each of our hearts, to our
real help, comfort, edification, and unity 
To her children she writes on the subject of the preceding
paragraph:




1837.]      LIFE OF ELIZABETH FRY.                   495
Upton Lane, Ai1nllh iordh, 157l, 1837.
My dearest Children,
Many of you know that, for some time, I have felt and ex
pressed the want of our social intercourse, at times, leading
to religious union and communion amongst us. It has pleased
the Almighty to permit, that by far the larger number of you
no longer walk with me in my religious course. Except very
occasionally, we do not meet together for the solemn purpose
of worship, and upon some other points, we do not see eye
to eye.  There are times when, in my declining years, I seriously feel the loss of not having nmore of the spiritual help
and encouragement of those I have brought up, and truly
sought to nurture in the Lord.  This has led me to many
serious considerations, how the case may, under present circumstances, be in any way met.
My conclusion is, that believing, as -we do, in one Lord as
our Saviour, one Holy Spirit as our Sanctifier, and one God
and Father of us all, our points of union are surely strong,
and if we are members of one living Church, and expect to
be such for ever, we may profitably unite in some religious
engagements here below.
The world and the things of it occupy us much, and they
are rapidly passing away-it would be well if we occasionally
set apart a time for unitedly attending to the things of Eternity.  I therefore propose that we try the following plan, if
it answer, continue it, if not, by no means feel bound to it.
That our party, in the first instance, should consist of no
others than our children, and such grandchildren, as may be
old enough to attend.  That our object in meeting, be for the
strengthening of our faith, for our advancement in a devoted,
religious, and holy life, and for the object of promoting
Christian love and fellowship.
That we read the Scriptures unitedly, in an easy, familiar
manner, each being perfectly at liberty to make any remark
or ask any question; that it should be a time of religious




496        LIFE OF ELIZABETH FRY.    [1837.
instruction, by seeking to understand the mind of the Lord,
for doctrine and practice, in searchin.g the Scriptures, and
bringing ourselves and our deeds to the light, that it may be
made manifest if they are wrought in God.  That either
before, or after the Scriptures are read, we should consider
how far we are really engaged for the good of our fellowmen, and what, as far as we can judge, most conduces to this
object. All the members of this little community, are advised
to communicate any thing they may have found useful, or
interesting, in religious books; and to bring forward any
thing that is doing for the good of mankind, in the world
generally.
I hope that thus meeting together, may stimulate the family
to more devotion of heart to the service of their God, at
home and abroad to mind their different callings, however
varied; and to be active in helping others. It is proposed
that this meeting should take place once a month, at each
house in rotation.
I have now drawn some little outline of what I desire, and
if any of you like to unite with me in making the experiment, it would be very gratifying to me, still, I hope that
all will feel at liberty, to do as they think best themselves.
I am indeed,
Your nearly attached mother,
ELIZABETH FRY.
To comment on the preceding letter may be unnecessary,
and it would be difficult to do so with sufficient delicacy. The
reader will doubtless be impressed with the deep humility
which led her to feel herself as needing the " help and encouragement of those " whom she'" had brought up;" and will be
tenderly touched with sympathy, in tracing the indications of
the severe trial entailed on her by the departure of her
children from union with her in religious profession, and
consequently not affording her an opportunity of manifesting
ner fervent solicitude for their spiritual welfare.  The plan




1838.]     LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.               49T
that she proposed opened the way for some advantages; and
her sons were disposed to exert themselves to remedy several
serious evils. These little family meetings were always concluded by reading a portion of Scripture.
Twelfth MJonth, 20th.-I have laid before my 3ionthly
Meeting my prospect of visiting France, and obtained the
concurrence of Friends.  Oh! for help, daily, hourly, —and
may a sound mind, love, and power, be granted to me and to
others, to our own peace, and the glory of God.
First-day.fternoon, 24th.-An accident about carriages
keeps me from Meeting, which I much regret.  The Morning Meeting was solemn. After it, my certificate was read
in our adjourned Monthly Meeting, which was exceedingly
encouraging to me, it expressed great unity with me as a
minister, and much concurrence in my concern to go to
France. It appeared to be signed by nearly the whole of
the Meeting.
Upton Lane, First Month, 6th, 1838.-I yesterday returned from a visit to Norfolk. Before going there, I laid
my concern to go to France, before our large Quarterly
Meeting, and had the very great encouragement of such a
flow of unity, as I have seldom heard expressed upon any
occasion.
24th.-I expect to leave home to-morrow for France. My
spirit has been very much brought down before the Lord;
some causes of anxiety have arisen; still in this my going
out, love abounds in no common degree, and a portion of
soul-sustaining peace underneath.  These words comforted
me this morning, 2 Timothy i. 12.  "I know whom I have
believed, and am persuaded that He is able to keep that
which I have committed unto 1Him against that day."  I
therefore, in this going out, commit myself, and my all, to
my most blessed and holy Keeper, even to the Lord God of
my salvation, my only hope of real help and defence, and
of eternal glory.
63




498        LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.    [1838.
She was accompanied in this journey, by her husband,
their valued friend Josiah Forster, and by Lydia Irving, the
same young Friend who had gone with her to Jersey in
1835.
She wrote to her family fromAbbeville, _First Month, 28th.
We left Boulogne yesterday morning, in a very comfortable French carriage, we enjoyed our reading and conversation, until we arrived at Montrenil, where we were refreshed
by a little bouillon; and then proceeded to this place; but
the cold was bitter, and neither French fires, nor tea, nor
any other means proved sufficient to warm us. As the following morning advanced, my sense of mercy and peace was
great. I remembered that some devoted Christian expressed,
"'where the God of peace is, there is home." After breakfast
we read as usual., then Josiah Forster went out; but he could
hear of no Protestants, nor of any place of worship for them;
nor of any place desirable for us to visit, excepting one hos.
pital, one convent, and one prison. These we visited, after
having had a very solemn and sweet meeting in our own
room. That text was feelingly brought to our minds,'" where
two or three are met together in my name, there am I in the
midst of them."
I find my small knowledge of the language very valuable,
I can read to theflIle de chambre, and in some degree convey my feelings and sentiments, enough to produce sympathy
and interest. In our visit to the prison, convent, and hospital, I found this to be the case.
To go now to minor points: picture us,-our feet on some
fleeces that we have found, generally wrapped up in cloaks,
surrounded by screens, to keep off the air; the wood fire at
our feet. We have just finished an interesting reading in
French, in the New Testament, with the landlady, her
daughters, and some of the servants of the hotel, they appeared very attentive, and much interested.




1838.]     LIFE OF ELIZABETHI  FRY.               499
Farewell, my dearly beloved ones. May the Lord be with
you, and keep- you, and bless you!
Your tenderly attached,
E. F.
In Paris, comfortable and commodious apartments were
prepared for them at the Hotel de Castille, by the kind attention of F. Delessert. They arrived there very tired and
very cold, on the 30th of the First Month. The morning of
the 31st was opened with solemn prayer, in which E. Fry
besought wisdom from on High to direct, and strength to
perform whatever might be called for at their hands. Then
came a visit from their kind friend Delessert, two notes from
Lord Granville, the English Ambassador at Paris: a call at
the Embassy, and in the evening the company of M. de
Pressense, the Secretary of the Bible Society, with his wife.
Second Month, 1st, they attended the small Friends'
Meeting held in the Faubourg du Roule, and afterwards
called on La Baronne Pelet de la Lozere. In her, Elizabeth
Fry found a friend and sister in Christ. They then paid a
visit to Count Montalivet, Minister of the Interior, by whom
they were most kindly received, and promised all needful
admissions to the different prisons.
Afterwards, at the Hotel, they received visits from the
Duchess de Broglie and other ladies.  The following day
found Elizabeth Fry oppressed and feverish, and evidently
suffering from the cold which she had endured on her journey.
Her new friends all displayed lively sympathy, whilst the
Baroness Pelet, in particular, neglected no kindness or attention that appeared likely to add to her comfort.
The 3rd, though too unwell to go out, she received in the
evening M. de Metz, Conseiller de la Cour Royale, and had
much important conversation with him on the subject of
Prisons, in which he was greatly interested.  On First-day,
she and her companions visited a school conducted by M. de
Pressens6, for two hundred children; a cheerful and de



500         LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.             [1838.
rightful sight. At twelve o'clock they attended Friends'
Meeting: there were assembled French, English, a Pole,
and Americans. Among this motley group might be found
IRoman Catholics, Presbyterians, Episcopalians, various Dissenters, with Friends.
On Second-day, the 5th, they visited the " St." Lazare
Prison for women, containing nine hundred and fifty-two inmates; a very melancholy sight. An American lady invited
the party to her house in the evening, where she received
about fifty individuals, mostly English and Americans. The
conversation turned upon the general state of society in
Europe, but especially in France, and what would be the
most likely means of benefiting its polished, refined, but dissipated and irreligious capital.  The fearful writings of the
day, "many too bad to read," were discussed, and what
might be the root of a tree, the branches of which bore fruit
of such deadly nature.  There was present, on that occasion,
a young medical student, who addressed himself to Elizabeth
Fry on the fearful contamination to which young men in his
position were exposed —no domestic home to retire to, none
of that indefinable, but potent influence around them, of
public opinion in favour of virtue and morality, their studies
all tending to materialism, and to the lessening of that dependence upon an unseen superior Power, which lingers even
in the unregenerate heart of man; and above all, little or
no opportunity afforded them for the commonest religious
advantages. This large gathering concluded by solemn exhortation and prayer.
On the 6th, actompanied by 2M. F. Delessert, the travellers
visited a French Protestant school, for two hundred children,
on the British and Foreign system, admirably conducted by
a valuable committee of ladies. They dined at AI. de Pressense's, where was a large party afterwards. Many of them
active members of the Societd Evangelique. Elizabeth Fry
entered deeply into their labours of love, and spoke of this
occasion as very encouraging to her, when she compared it




1838.]     LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  PRY.               501
with the state of things in France during her youth, and
how unlikely it then seemed, that such a dawn of better
things would ever appear there.
The 7th, they received many guests both morning and
evening, and in the course of the day, accompanied the
Duchess de Broglie to the Prison des Jeunes Detenus, a
good, new building, the inmates well ordered, but still capable
of improvement.
The following day was occupied by attending their Meeting in the morning, and in the evening receiving a number
of ladies to consider how they might, in the best manner,
promote good in the city, in Prisons, Schools, District
Societies, and similar objects. The evening was finished by
reading the 15th chapter of Luke.
On the 9th, the Prison for men (La Force) was visited.
The 10th, they inspected the Military Prison at St. Germains, which appeared to them to be, upon the whole, well
conducted and in tolerable order; books they found to be
greatly wanted. Afterwards they saw the Central Prison
at Poissy; whilst they admired its good order, they considered it not sufficiently penal, too much like a large manufactory for different trades, instead of a place of punishment.
The following day-the First of the week-was indeed
welcome, for its Sabbath was greatly needed by Elizabeth
Fry. She desired that it might be free from company, and
prove a season of refreshment, the press of people being so
great, and the subjects for consideration so many and so exceedingly important.  The Meeting was not a very large
one, in it their certificates were read. They appeared much
to interest those who heard them, and opened the way for
a little explanation of Friends' principles. There were a
few callers in the evening, amongst others, a gentleman interested about prisons, who remained during their Scripture
reading, at which some of the servants of the Hotel were
also present.
On the 12th, they visited the Prison of the Conciergerie.




502       LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.              [1888
There they saw the room where the unhappy Marie Antoinette had been confined. They took tea at the Methodist
minister's, and passed an interesting evening with a large
party of his congregation. At this time and in her subsequent visits to France, Elizabeth Fry's sympathies were
much drawn forth towards the French Methodists, who appeared to her to be an earnest and spiritual people.
The next morning they went to some schools; one, an
Infant School, was particularly attractive; the superintendents
appearing well adapted for their important post; money was
given to purchase the little creatures each a bun, which
highly delighted them, their happy faces showing how pleased
they were. Also an Hospital, and the Enfans Trouves, were
visited. Elizabeth Fry's maternal tenderness and experience, led her to give some advice about the poor babies'
dress, that it might be less complicated, and afford them
more liberty of movement. The nuns appeared kind. The
Hospital they found very close, and wanting ventilation.  The
evening was passed at AM. Lutteroth's, where between fifty
and sixty persons were present, "many amongst them truly
serious. "
On the 14th, another visit was paid to the Women's Prison
of " St." Lazare.  There, after going over the building, the
women were collected at Elizabeth Fry's request, that a portion of Scripture might be read to them. She chose the
parable of the prodigal son. It was beautifully read by a
French lady, from the Roman Catholic Prayer Book. A
pause ensued, then Elizabeth Fry commented upon it, the
same lady translated for her, sentence by sentence. It was
exceedingly well done, losing little or nothing of its solemnity.
The women were touched and impressed. She then asked
them whether they would like ladies to visit them, read to
them, and sympathize with them. The offer was eagerly
accepted.  "Oui, oui," "Eh, moi, aussi!" came from all
sides; nor was it only these poor outcasts, and those accompanying Elizabeth Fry who wept, the jailor and turnkeys




1838.]      LIFE OF ELIZABETH FRY.                   503
who had entered the room, contrary to her wishes, were so
affected that tears ran down their cheeks.
They saw on the 15th, a school for about forty-five Protestants, many of them training for servants.  To find attention paid to this class gave them much satisfaction. The next
day some more "'delightful schools" were inspected, and a
prison for debtors.
In the evening, the meeting of persons interested in the
promotion of philanthropic objects, which had been adjourned
the preceding week, again assembled; much interesting conversation took place.  As on the previous occasion, it was
concluded by reading a portion of the HIoly Scriptures and
solemn silence.
On the 17th, Elizabeth Fry had an interview with the
prison officers, and obtained much information respecting the
state of the "s St." Lazare Female Prison.  The ]3aroness
Pelet and a lady named Mallet interpreted for her.  They
saw M. Toase on the subject of fitting up a room, as a library,
for the benefit of English and American students, and in the
evening they went to the American clergyman's to meet
some of the students, who are invited there once in every
week to read the Scriptures, &c., &c. A young Englishman
present expressed himself strongly; warning his contempo.
rarles; first, on the awful prevalence of taking the sacred
name in vain, secondly, the desecration of the Sabbath, and
thirdly, against the literature of modern France, poisoned, as
it is, with infidelity and licentiousness.
On the 20th, they visited the Salpe'tribre, an Hospital for
the old, infirm, epileptic, idiotic and insane.
A third visit was paid on the 21st to the " St." Lazare, in
company with Lady Granville, Lady Georgiana Fullerton,
and two other ladies.  From what was witnessed in these
visits, it was obvious, that great good would result from the
regular attendance of a Ladies' Committee, though it was no
easy matter to arrange it.




504        LIFE  OF ELIZABETH FRY.               [1838.
Elizabeth Fry visited the King and Queen and the Duchess
of Orleans.
Before leaving Paris she addressed a memorial to the King,
touching on the subjects that so deeply occupied her thoughts,
but beyond every other thing, urging a more extended circulation of Holy Scriptures, and their free use in all public
institutions in France.
From " St." Germains she wrote to her children.
Third Month, 5th, 1838
We arrived here last evening, after quitting the most
deeply interesting field of service, I think I was ever engaged
in.  My first feeling is, peace and true thankfulness for the
extraordinary help granted to us; my next feeling, an earnest desire to communicate to you, my most tenderly beloved
children, and others nearest to me, the sense that I have of
the kindness, and goodness, and mercy, of my Heavenly
Father, who has dealt so bountifully with me; that it may
lead all to serve Him fully, love Him more, and follow more
simply the guidance of his Spirit.
After a full detail of their labours in the capital, she proceeds:Our visit to the King and the Queen was interesting; but
alas! what, in reality, is rank? The King I think, in person,
like the late Lord Torrington, the Queen a very agreeable
and even interesting woman.  I expressed my religious interest and concern for them, which was well received, and we
had much conversation with the Queen and the Princess
Adelaide, before the King came into the room. We strongly
expressed to the Queen our desire to have the Sabbath better
kept, and the Scriptures more read.  She is a sweet-minded,
merciful woman.  There were present Madame Adelaide,
the King's sister, one of the young Princesses, and the Marchioness of Dolomieu, principal Lady of IIonour to the
Queen.




1838.]     LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                505
We then proceeded to the Duchess of Orleans'; there we
had a delightful visit, the sweetest religious communication
with her, and other interesting conversation. We found her
an uncommon person-my belief is, that she is a very valuable young woman.
The Queen appeared much pleased with my Text-book; and
the Princess Adelaide said, she should keep it in her pocket
and read it daily. Indeed no books have given the same
pleasure as the Text-books, both in French and English. I
think we have given away many hundreds of them, and next,
in number, my sister Louisa's books on education; they delight
the people; also a great many of Joseph's Letters to Dr.
A
Tier fatigues had been frequent and severe, and she was
at times really ill; yet she concludes her report as follows 
Through all I must say, HIe, who I believe put me forth,
has, from season to season, restored my soul and body, and
helped me from hour to hour.  This day week I sat down
upon my chair and wept, but I was soon helped and revived.
I long for every child, brother, sister, and all near to me, to
be sensible how very near my Holy Helper has been to me;
and yet I have exceedingly and deeply felt my utter unworthiness and short coming, and that all is from the fulness and
freeness of unmerited mercy and love, in Christ Jesus. I clan
hardly express the very near love I have felt for you all.
My prayers very often have risen for you, and if any labour
I have been engaged in, has been accepted through the Beloved, may you, my most tenderly beloved ones, partake of
the blessing attendant upon it.
I forgot to say, I think the few Friends in Paris have been
greatly comforted and stimulated by our visit.
I end my account by saying what I trust is true, " The
Lord is my Shepherd, I shall not want." We are now
quietly at "St." Germains. We hear most interesting ac64




506        LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.    [1838.
counts of the state of Normandy, and have many letters of
introduction to the places where we propose to go; if not
wanted home, I shall be glad to go there. We propose being
at Rouen to-morrow.                 I am,
Your most tenderly attached,
ELIZABETH FRY.
At Rouen they were much interested by meeting with a
respectable woman in humble life, who had lived nurse fifteen
years in a gentleman's family, a Roman Catholic, but his wife
a Protestant. There she had been so much impressed by religious truth, (though still a Roman Catholic herself) that
she felt it her duty, where she resided, to circulate the
Scriptures and religious tracts. Hier master told them, it
was surprising the great influence she had obtained in the
neighbourhood. Elizabeth Fry supplied her with six Testaments and a Bible, from the Bible Society Depot. From the
same Society she obtained a number of copies for the school
in the prison, where the Testament was habitually read, but
the supply very inadequate. This school was under the care
of the Abbe Gossier, Du Hamel, and other religious gentlemen, who themselves daily instructed the young prisoners.
At Caen, they found some excellent and devoted Methodists
amongst the French; and learned that, through the efforts of
one young English woman, (an orphan residing in a gentleman's family as governess)-many copies of the Scriptures
had been purchased: and at the shop of a Roman Catholic,
more than a hundred of de Sacy's Testaments sold since the
beginning of the year.
The Prison of Beaulieu near Caen was visited by them
with much satisfaction; nearly a thousand prisoners were
confined there; they found it admirably regulated, and a
serious Roman Catholic clergyman devoted to the good of
those under his care. He gladly welcomed the gift of fifty
Testaments.
At Havre, the Ladies' Bible Society had sold, during the




1838.]     LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                507
former year, four hundred and twenty-six Testaments, and
thirty-three Bibles, and had given fifty Testaments to soldiers,
who were in the habit, every evening, of reading them to
their comrades in barracks
At Boulogne, they made arrangements for the sale of the
IHoly Scriptures, and took a lively interest in the District
Society, thence crossed to Dover, and on the following day
Elizabeth Fry had the comfort of reaching home.
Upton Lane, Fourth Month, 27th. — Yesterday was the
largest British Society Meeting I ever remember, partly collected to hear my account of our French journey; there
must have been some hundreds of ladies present, many of
them of rank.  In the desire not to say too much, perhaps I
said too little upon some points, although I do not feel condemned, yet I am ready to think if I had watched and prayed
more, I should have done better-my prayers have arisen,
that, however imperfectly or unworthily sown, the seed scattered yesterday, may be so prospered by His own free power,
life, and grace, that it may bear a full crop to His praise!
F!fth MJonth, Sth.-I have just had a serious faintness for
a short time; at times, I think I may be suddenly taken off in
one of these attacks-they appear to have so much to do with
the heart. If perfectly ready, by being washed and made
clean in the blood of the Everlasting Covenant, then, I think
that a rapid translation, from time to eternity, may save much
pain and sorrow. But all these things, I am disposed to leave
wholly to the Lord, who has, through his unutterable mercy,
been remarkably with me in life, and will, I believe, be with
me in death. So be it, Lord Jesus! when Thou comest, even
if it be quickly, through Thine own merits receive me unto
Thyself!
20th.-To-morrow I am fifty-eight, an advanced period of,
what I apprehend to be, not a very common pilgrimage. I
now very earnestly desire and pray that my Lord may guide
me continually, cause me to know more of the day of His




508        LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.             [1838.
power, that I may have my will subjected to His will. What
tie would have me to do, that may I do, where He would
have me to go, there may I go-what tie may call me to
suffer for His name sake, may I be willing to suffer. Further,
may He keep me from all false fears and imaginations, and
ever preserve me from putting my hand to any work, not
called for by HSim. Be pleased to grant these my desires
and prayers, for Thine own Holy and Blessed Name's sake!
Seventh MJonth, Sth.-This day I enter with much fear and
trembling, as we are looking forward to a very important
Meeting, to be held at the Westminster Meeting House, at
the request of Hannah Backhouse, to which foreigners of
rank, and our own nobility, are invited.  The weight is
great-very great, from various causes.
14th. —The Meeting was attended by many high in rank.
Soon after we assembled, William Allen spoke for some time,
then I knelt down, and felt much unction and power in
prayer for the Queen, &c. After Hannah Backhouse had
spoken, in a lively, simple, powerful manner, preaching the
truths of the gospel, several went out. I then rose, first
endeavouring to show that truth must not be despised, because it came through weak instruments. I mentioned how
Anna in the Temple spoke of our Lord to all who looked for
redemption in Israel, how the women first told of our Lord's
resurrection, and that their fellow-disciples called it "idle
tales." Aft er thus showing that the Lord might see right to
use weak instruments, I expressed my feelings towards those
present. First, from Scripture, I showed that God is no
respecter of persons, that from the palace to the very dungeon,
I continually saw this. Then I showed the important and
responsible situation of those who fill high places in the
world. Either they would be blessed themselves and be a
blessing to others, as a city set on a hill, their light shining
before men; or they would be of the number of those,
through whom offences come, and therefore with the "curse
of the Lord' resting on them. I showed them some of their




1838.]     LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                    50O
peculiar temptations, in being clothed in purple and fine
linen, and faring sumptuously every day; and warned them,
seeking to lead them to Christ, and to eternal glory, through
Him.  At the close, I had a few words to express in the way
of exhortation, as to their example in their houses, amongst
children and servants, reading the Holy Scriptures, family
worship, and other points.
In the Eighth Month of this year, Elizabeth Fry entered
on another visit to Friends of Scotland; for which, as well
as for any other service that might open as a duty to be performed, she was liberated and cordially encouraged by the
Monthly and Quarterly Meetings to which she belonged.
She was accompanied by her sister Elizabeth Fry, and by
her esteemed friends William  Ball and John Sanderson.
Proceeding by Birmingham to Carlisle, thence to Edinburgh,
Perth, and Forfar, they reached Aberdeen on the 18th. The
two following days were devoted to the attendance of the
General Half-year's Meeting, and to visits to the Friends of
that district. Amongst others, one a very old and valued
friend, John Wigham.  He had been to her as a "nursing
father" in the early part of her religious course.
The intercourse with him is thus described by one of her
travelling companions:
", It was much like the meeting and interchange of parent and
child, after long separation and many vicissitudes; and these last,
as they had affected our dear friend in the interval, were freely
spoken of by her, with that deep feeling, chastened into resignation,
which so remarkably covers her subjected spirit, in relation to these
affecting topics.'
The same Friend-giving a sketch of her varied engagements —remarks that she' "Visited the prison of Aberdeen, in company with A. and M.
Wigham, the Provost, Sheriff, Town Clerk, and Bailie Blackie.
The Bailie is a valuable man, who has done a great deal for the inm



510         LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                   [1838.
provement of the gaol, which Elizabeth Fry finds very materially
mended; in fact, in excellent order. The authorities here, are most
anxious to facilitate Elizabeth Fry's inspection, and to forward her
views, well knowing them to be the result of the enlarged observation, and long experience of a practical, judicious mind, as well as
of close and heartfelt interest in the subject.
" A meeting has been held with the ladies of Aberdeen this
evening, at our Hotel, when prison matters were discussed, and
things put in train for forming a regular association, ere we leave
the city.  Elizabeth Fry's capacity for various successive engagements, all of an important nature, is astonishing. Surely, it is
because she dwells mentally in the' quiet habitation,' to which she
continually resorts, for the renewal of that calming influence of the
Spirit, which purifies the heart, clears the understanding, and rectifies the judgment, bestowing upon the truly devoted follower of
the Lamb,' the spirit of love, and of power, and of a sound mind.'
She is both lovely and wonderful on close acquaintance; such
energy, combined with meekness, and so much power with entire
teachableness, are rarely found."
We continue to extract from the narrative of her companion
W Tilliam Ball.'"Edinburgh, First-day, 26th.-Our little party sat together
after the manner of Friends this morning, Dear Priscilla Johnston
joined us. I felt afresh, that it is a privilege to know that the
worship of God, is in spirit and in truth; and may be rendered
acceptable wherever contrite hearts are reverently turned towards
h[im, in dependence on the mediation of His beloved Son, who is
ever near to those, if only' two or three,' who are met to offer this
worship in His name."  *  *'*   Elizabeth Fry and her sister
hadl desired to meet with the fishermen about Anstruther this
evening; but we were all taken by surprise on going down to the
town, to find that this simple, religious gathering, turned out to
be a very large and crowded Meeting.  The room we had arranged
for, not having proved nearly capable of containing the people,
they had flocked to a chapel near, the service of which (and of
some others I believe) was put off to give place for a Public Meet.




1838.]      LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                      511
ing of Friends.  We had expected to sit down with the poor fishermen, in a much more private way. John Sanderson stated to
the asssemblage that we began with a pause of silence.  Then
Elizabeth Fry explained our views on worship, rather in the way
of an affectionate introductory address.  Her sister E. Fry bent
the knee in prayer. After which, Elizabeth Fry was strengthened,
in a very striking manner, to proclaim the glad tidings of the gospel of life and salvation-truly an awakening ministry! Her
sister followed, enlarging on the nature and fruits of true repentance!-then Elizabeth Fry addressed the sea-faring men, most
appropriately and feelingly, warned the sinners emphatically, and
was afterwards engaged in fervent prayer.  At the close of this
memorable Meeting, Andrew Johnston briefly addressed this large
assembly of his neighbours, acknowledging the kindness of the
minister and attention of the people, and enforcing, with great
seriousness, his desire, that the novelty of the occasion, might in
no degree be suffered to divert solemn attention, from the infinite
importance of the Gospel truths delivered.
"After primary attention to religious engagements among Friends
in Edinburgh, on the 28th, 29th, and 30th; there was a party
assembled to meet Elizabeth Fry, at the house of our valued and
hospitable host, the late Alexander Cruikshank, on the evening
of the 30th, when her conversation on the important subject of
the condition and care of prisoners, greatly interested a large
company, including some distinguished individuals, and some
foreigners."
Many very important engagements occupied them at Edinburgh.
"On the evenings of the 2nd and 3rd of the Ninth MIonth,
large Public Meetings for religious worship were held; the former
at Edinburgh, the latter at Leith, in which Elizabeth Fry was
greatly strengthened to declare the truths of the everlasting gospel
of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ.  Many calls were made on
distinguished persons, and some visits also received, on the 3rd;
especially one from the late Dr. Abercrombie, which will long be
remembered with interest."




512        LIFE OF ELIZABETIH FRY.    [1838.
On the 4th they proceeded to Glasgow, and were similarly
employed there. On the 7th they held a large Meeting for
worship in the Seaman's Chapel.
On being favoured to reach home, she writes,Upton, Nrinth honzth, 26th.- Te arrived home last Seventhday, and, to my great comfort, I found all my family going
on well and comfortably.  I ventured to ask, or at least to
desire, that if my goings out were acceptable to the Lord,
and, if I were to be called to further, and perhaps still more
weighty service, I might find the blessing of preservation
extended to those most dear to me at home, as well as to myself in going.  Through mercy, this sign has been rather
unusually granted to me. W That can I render unto my Lord
for his tender and unmerited mercies?
Tenth  1ffontth, 28th.-I have paid a satisfactory visit with
my husband, and partly accompanied by Peter Bedford and
John Hodgkin, to Croydon and  [field.  Our Meeting in
Sussex was a very satisfactory one; and a reading that we
had the next morning at a cottage on a Common, belonging
to a dear Friend, where we had been before.  The libraries
that we established, appear to have been much read and
valued.  It is cause for thankfulness, to find that our
labour has not been in vain in the Lord.  How sweet are
His mercies! May all become His servants saith my soul!
I also left home accompanied by my beloved husband and
my sister Elizabeth, to visit a few MIeetings in Essex.
Tweyfth Jonth, 6th. —This morning I felt deeply the seriousness of laying before my Monthly Meeting, my belief
that it may be my duty again to visit France, and some other
parts of the continent of Europe.  It is after much weighty
consideration, that I have come to the conclusion, that it is
right to do this.  I have long thought that this summer my
course might be turned either to my dearest brother Joseph
in America, or to the Continent of Europe; after much
weighing it, I have believed the latter to be the right open




1838.]       LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.              513
ing for me. I laid my prospect before the Friends of our
Monthly 3Meeting, this morning. Several Friends were there,
not members of it. We had a very solemn Meeting-for worship first. My sister and I returned our certificates for visiting
Scotland, and then I asked for one for Europe; having very
earnestly prayed for help, direction, and protection. When
under a fresh feeling of its being right to do it, I simply informed Friends that I looked to paying a visit to Paris, then
to the Friends in the South of France; and should probably,
in returning, visit some other parts of Europe. Much unity
and sympathy were expressed with this prospect of religious
duty by our own members and those who visited us. There
certainly appeared to be, in no common degree, a seal set to
this serious prospect of religious service.
I now desire to leave all to the further openings of Providence, as to when to go, who is to go with me, and where to
go. I desire to leave it all to my most holy and gracious
God. Although I am very deeply sensible that it is only
through the fullness and freeness of unmerited mercy, love,
and grace, that I dare call, or feel, my Lord thus to be my
Head and Helper. I may acknowledge in faith, my belief
that, through the help of the Holy Spirit, my Lord has
been and is unto me'"Wonderful, Counsellor, the Mighty
God, the Everlasting Father, and the Prince of Peace."
After receiving from her Quarterly Meeting a certificate of
cordial unity, and concurrence with her prospect of again
visiting the Continent, she passed a few days in Norfolk.
65




1839-1841.  Journey on the Continent-Paris-Lyons-NismesAvignon-Toulouse-The Pyrenees-Grenoble-Geneva —ZurichFrankfort-Return home-Goes into Norfolk-Letter to a religious
acquaintance-Audience of the Queen —Meeting in London —
Leaves home for the Continent-Ostendc-Brussels —AntwerpAmsterdam —Zwolle-Minden and Pyrmont-Hanover —-BerlinLeipzie-Dusseldorf —Return home —Yearly Meeting —Establishment of " Nursing Sisters."
First Jionth, 12th, 1839.-I returned from  Lynn last
evening. I was a good deal with my beloved sister Catherine, who was there.  Be-fore parting, wee had a deeply
interesting time together, when the spirit of prayer was
remarkably poured forth upon us.  I prayed for them each
separately, and believe that access was, in mercy, granted to
the Throne of Grace. May dearest sister offered a solemn
prayer for us before we rose from our knees.  I felt, as I
have often done, an earnest desire, that we may none be in
spiritual bonds.  I think Satan, in hardly any way mars the
Lord's work more, than in putting persons in the stiff bonds
of High Churchism.  He attacks all professors in this way,
and leads them to rest in their sectarianism, rather than their
Christianity. I do not mean that this is the case with those
I was amongst, but I see it a frightful bait, thrown out at all
professors of all denominations. Few things I more earnestly
desire, than unity in the church of Christ, and that all partition walls may be broken down.  Lord, hasten the coming
of that davy, for Thy own name's sake 
16th. —On Second-day, I laid my concern to go to France
before the Morning iMeeting.  I feel encouraged by all the
(514)




1839.]     LIFE OF ELIZABETH FRY.                   515
testimonies from the Lord's servants, and from the real help
and excellence of the arrangement, that we should thus, in
such weighty and important duties, have the sanction of that
section of the Church to which we belong.
I have received very encouraging accounts from Scotland
as to the results of our last journey.  Several refuges are
likely to be formed, and women prisoners to be visited. The
accounts from France have also been, in many ways, encouraging.  My dear and valued friend, the Duchess de Broglie, who died some little time ago, expressed that her faith
had been strengthened by our visit. Many important alterations have taken place in the prisons; the New Testament
is now circulated in some of them, and in the hospitals.  So'I may take courage, and return God thanks.
Previous to our departure, I had the servants of our different families to meet me at lMeeting; it proved quite a
large number, almost filling our Mieeting HIouse.  I believe
it was a time of real edification and comfort to some who
were there.
Hier former kind companion, Josiah Forster, became again
her attendant on this journey.  His sympathy, his watchful
care, and sound judgment, were very important in aiding her
throughout her weighty engagements.  She was also accompanied by her husband, who evinced an increasing desire to
strengthen her in the pursuit of those objects which she
believed it to be her duty to accomplish.  One of her
daughters also attended her.
Almost immediately after their landing at Boulogne, many
persons came to seek Elizabeth Fry, and to welcome her to
their shores.
She visited the prison there, which was in a very deplorable state; and in the evening re-ceived about forty at the
H-otel, chiefly the members of a little District Society, which
she had been instrumental in forming on her previous visit.
The results of their labours were very satisfactory; many of




b16        LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FlRY.             [1839.
the poor French were subscribing for, or buying New Testaments, as well as eagerly reading the tracts circulated amongst
them. The state of the resident English poor was also considered as decidedly improved, through this means.
The servants of the Hotel earnestly solicited to be supplied
with Testaments; it appeared that they lent them to their
friends, who carried them into the country, where they were
so eagerly read and re-read, that it was difficult for the
rightful owners to regain possession of them.
On the 14th, en route to Abbeville, the party stopped at
Samer for an hour, to give Elizabeth Fry the opportunity of
visiting a poor sick Englishman in great affliction. At Montreuil-sur-Mer, she gave a tract to a man whilst changing
horses; the carriage was soon surrounded by people begging
for books; it was very striking to see their energy to obtain
them.  The same thing occurred at the Hotel at Abbeville,
where those, to whom she had given them on her previous
visit, begged for more, and came creeping up to her apartment to prefer their request.  Her Text-books,'"Les petits
livres de matin," were the decided favourites. In the morning, the people of the Hotel again gathered round her. The
First-day that she had spent there on her former visit to
Paris-the reading they had in the evening-the prayer she
offered for them, had made a deep impression.  They beguiled her into the Kitchen, where she told them in broken
French, which however they contrived to understand, a little
of her wishes for them  as to faith and practice; then all
would shake hands with her. On reaching the capital, she
writes:
Paris, Third MJonth, 17th.-How earnestly do I desire
and pray,. that my Lord would clearly point out my work in
this place; that he would enable me, by His own Power
and Spirit, to perform it in simplicity to His praise, the good
of others, and my own peace.
Lord, regard Thy servant in her low estate, and if it be




1839.]     LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.               517
Thy holy will, give some token, by Thy presence, Spirit, and
Power that Thou art with us; and more abundantly fit and
prepare for Thine own work, as Thou hast often blessed and
abundantly increased that which may appear small in the eyes
of man, to the help of numbers: so, oh Lord! bless, prosper,
and increase the weak labours of Thy unworthy servant, to
the good of numbers, and the promotion of Thy cause in this
place; where "the world, the flesh, and the devil," appear
so powerful. Answer this cry, I beseech Thee, and give
Thy poor servant a quiet, patient, trustful spirit, only dependent upon the fresh pourings forth of Thy Spirit, and the
incomings of Thy love. Amen.
24th.-In mercy my cry was heard. We went to our little
Meeting, where were some seeking minds; and to my own
feelings, we were remarkably bound together by the presence
of our Lord. I also may thankfully say, that I was enabled
to preach the word, and to pray.  I felt it an encouraging,
edifying time, and an answer to prayer. After Meeting, we
called at our Ambassador's, and met with a very cordial reception.
On Sixth-day, we visited a large French Methodists'
school; it was a very encouraging sight: there were about a
hundred children, who appeared well taught. I had a good
deal of advice to give them and their parents, and felt peace
in the service; but the place was so exceedingly cold, that I
left it with severe tooth-ache, which lasted all day, and
brought me down in body and spirit.
Having invited a large company for philanthropic and
religious objects for the following evening, I felt anxious:
but when the time came, I was enabled, though the party
was very large, to speak a little on the subject of Negro
Slavery: and Josiah Forster expressed himself very agreeably upon the subject. We finished with a short, lively
Scripture-reading, and to my own feelings, strength was, in
a remarkable manner, given me in the needful time.
During the morning, I paid a most interesting visit to a




518       LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.               [1839.
Roman Catholic lady,-a young widow,-her little children,
and her friend. I have seldom seen the Christian life more
exemplified.  So we see and "perceive that God is no respecter of persons; but in every nation, he that feareth Him,
and worketh righteousness, is accepted with Him."-Acts
x. 34, 35.
Thus began this second sojourn in Paris; the same friends
gathered round her, the same institutions were revisited, with
some others which she had not seen before; the same objects
of interest occupied her attention.  The mornings were thus
spent: the evenings generally at the houses of their many
kind friends, or in receiving guests at the Hotel. Perhaps
no one was more capable than Elizabeth Fry of appreciating
the enjoyment of social intercourse or society, such as these
occasions offered, but it was not from this motive that she
united in them.  She considered it her duty to avail herself
of the opportunities thus afforded, for the diffusion of knowledge on those subjects which had brought her to Paris, the
introduction of topics of a philanthropic and religious character.
Third-day. —Visited an hospital, and dined at Lord William Bentinck's, I trust to some good purpose, but I fear for
myself in many ways, on such occasions.
FTfith-day.-A  very solemn Morning Meeting, numbers
there, mostly women, some ladies of rank, some very interesting persons.  I was afresh enabled to pray and t
minister.
Her ministry is described, by some who, on different occasions throughout this visit, were privileged to attend her
meetings, as being of a powerfully impressive and instructive character, and peculiarly consoling to many afflicted
ones.
Fourth MJonth, 7th (First-day).-One day we dined at
our dear friends the Mallets', where we met a large family




1839.]      LIFE OF ELIZABETH FRY.                  519
party, and had much interesting conversation. There was a
sweet feeling of the love of God over us; I believe this service was called for, and was blessed to many present. Last
evening about a hundred persons spent the evening with us.
The subject of prisons was brought forward; Newgate, &c.,
I endeavoured to show the state of prisons formerly, and
many of their improvements. But above all, to inculcate
Christian principle as the only sure means of improving
practice. I sought in every way, in the cases brought forward, to uphold the value of the Scriptures, and to show the
blessed results of faith and repentance.  We finished by
reading in a solemn manner the 15th of Luke, as the chapter
so greatly blessed to poor prisoners. I made little comment,
there was very great solemnity over us. There were Catholies and Protestants, and I believe some of the Greek Church.
There were Greeks, Ionians, Spaniards, a Pole, Italians,
Germans, English, Americans and French.  Several of the
English and French, persons of rank; the Marquis de Brignolles, Sardinian Minister, and Prince Czartorinski.  Thus
this week has run away! may it have been for the real good
of others, and the glory of God. Most merciful God, I perfectly know that I am unworthy to present myself before
Thee on the bended knee of my soul.  But I come boldly to
the throne of grace, through the merits of Thy dear Son, our
Mediator with Thee, our God. Grant, Holy Father, that the
iniquity of my holy things may be blotted out, and that in
my efforts to serve Thee, and promote the cause of truth and.
righteousness, my infirmities and the unworthiness of the
instrument may not have cast a blemish on Thy truth.
Grant also, Holy Father, that the word spoken may, through
Thy blessing, comfort, strengthen, and edify Thy followers,
and be a means of bringing many to repentance, and
faith in Thy beloved Son, Christ Jesus our Lord. Dearest
Lord, be near to keep, to help, and to direct all my steps,
as I go on in this cause, for Thy glory, the good of others,
and my own edification and peace.  Permit Thy servant




520        LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.              [1839.
also to commend to Thy special keeping, all most near to her,
left in her own land, and all everywhere, beloved by her, and
for whom she travails in spirit, and spread the knowledge
of Thyself, and of Thy Son, and Thy righteousness, through
the Holy Spirit, everywhere on this earth. Amen!
Paris, 21st.-I feel that, under a lively sense of peace
and rest of soul, I may record the mercies of the Lord this
last week.
Our First-day was very satisfactory, a large Meeting; five
of our children with us.
(Several of her family spent a few days in Paris at this
time.)
I had a very serious, interesting, and intimate conversation
with the Duchess of Orleans.
I visited and attended to some prisons, formed a Ladies'
Society to visit the Protestants in prisons and hospitals, met
a very influential company at dinner at Lord Granville's,
much interesting conversation in the evening; the same twice
at Baron Pelet's, and we had an agreeable dinner at Lord
William  Bentinck's.  I have paid some very interesting
private calls, spent one morning with my children; our great
philanthropic evening largely attended, about a hundred and
forty present. Josiah Forster gave a concentrated account of
our former evenings, and added other things very agreeably.
I strongly impressed upon them the extreme importance of
the influence of the higher on the lower classes of society,
by their example and precept; mentioned late hours, theatres,
and other evils.  Then advised; giving the poor Christian
education, reading the Holy Scriptures in their families,
lending Libraries, District Societies, and other objects; we
finished with a very solemn Scripture-reading, the greater
part of the third chapter of Colossians, and the 20th and 21st
verses of the last chapter of the epistle to the Hebrews, " Now
the God of peace, that brought again from the dead our
Lord Jesus, that great Shepherd of the sheep, through the




1839.]     LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRP.                 521
blood of the everlasting covenant, make you perfect in every
good work to do His will, working in you that which is wellpleasing in His sight, through Jesus Christ; to whom be
glory for ever and ever. Amen."
Previous to reading this, I had expressed some solemn
parting truths, and our party broke up in much love and
peace.
May the Lord of the harvest, Himself, cause that some of
these may be gathered into His garner, and may He bless,
prosper, and increase the seed so unworthily scattered.
On Fifth-day, we dined with some sweet, spiritual, and
delightful people, the de Presense's and de Valcours; in the
evening to Mark Wilke's, to meet a very large party of
ministers from different parts of France, come to attend the
Meetings of the various Societies.
Fontainbleau, 28th. —The day before our departure from
Paris we visited the Pref6t de Police, took in our report of
the state of the Prisons, and obtained leave for the Protestant
ladies to visit the Protestant prisoners; we had much interesting conversation.  We have the great satisfaction of
hearing, that a law is likely to pass for women prisoners
throughout France to be under the care of women.
In the evening, and during the day, numbers came to take
leave of us; a good many Greeks, who appeared to feel
much interest in and for us, as if our labours with them had
not been in vain.
On parting with my beloved children, (to return to England,) I could not refrain from  many tears.  Our beloved
friend Emilie Mallet joined us very early in the morning,
also our kind friend John Sargent, our friend de Bemranger,
and one or two others.  My soul was particularly humbled
within me, and, before parting, we assembled with our friends,
and poured forth deep prayer and thanksgiving unto the
Lord; thanks for the help granted to us, and for the kindness shown us by our Christian friends, and the love and
unity we have partaken of with them; prayer that our labours
66




522        LIFE OF ELIZABETH FRY.                 [1839.
might be blessed, and the seed scattered, prospered and increased, and that no reproach might have been brought by
us upon the cause nearest to my heart; earnestly did I ask a
blessing upon our friends, ourselves, the tenderly beloved
ones just parted from, and those at home. After this we
took an affectionate leave of all, including our host, hostess,
and the Hotel servants.
Just before Elizabeth Fry left Paris, she was informed
that the Archbishop was annoyed at her proceedings, that
he had expressed dissatisfaction at the alterations which she
had recommended in the " St." Lazare Prison, and had gone
so far as to speak with regret, if not displeasure, of the Baron
de Gerando, who had accompanied her in her visits to the
hospitals. But the secret of the Archi-episcopal opposition
lay not here-it was the more general knowledge of the
Holy Scriptures which he dreaded. It was that the reforms
which Elizabeth Fry recommended, were all based upon
Scriptural authority, that it was to those sacred writings she
referred, for rules of active obligation; and above all this,
that she lost no opportunity in all companies, and on all
occasions, where it could be done with propriety, to urge
their perusal and general circulation.
She left Paris on the 27th of Fourth MIonth, and proceeded
through M6lun to Fontainbleau.  She had been furnished
with a letter from the Minister of the Interior, granting her,
Josiah Forster, and her husband, permission to visit all the
prisons in France. This important document was first made
use of at Mdlun; and on this occasion, as on all succeeding
ones, Elizabeth Fry was received with respect, and every
facility afforded her and her companions, for inspecting the
prisons.
She stopped at Auxerre and visited the prison there, and
writes from AvignonF1sth YM'onth, 9th.-We had no particular calls of duty,
until we arrived at Lyons, where there was a great press of




1839.]      LIFE OF E L IZ A B E T H FRY.            523
engagements-prisons and refuges to inspect, besides many
schools, of which I had only time to visit one-a woman's
adult school.  We had a large company of the poorer French
Protestants, on two different evenings, when we read with
them.  We also visited several of their houses; but it was
more for serious conversation amongst them, than absolute
religious engagement.  We had one very important Meeting
of influential people, in which I desired to speak the Truth
in love. It was introduced by the Prison subject. I endeavoured to show, that change of heart could only be
produced by Christian principles, as revealed to us in Holy
Scripture, through the power of the Holy Spirit.  This, I
very boldly attested, and then strove to impress the importance of Christian example, and of religious duties being
faithfully performed, both public and private.  Then I entered upon useful societies, charities, and schools, with
Christian instruction.  We had much attention paid to us,
much kindness shown to us, and I humbly trust, an impression made on many minds, and some humble, valuable
Christians comforted by our visit.
To her children she writes fromNismes, Fifth Month, 12th, 1839.
We thankfully say, we feel peaceful, and in our right
place, although separated from so many so very dear to us.
We paid a very interesting visit to Lyons, and found a
good deal new in the Prisons and Refuges.  An order of
Catholics, called "' the Brethren and Sisters of St. Joseph,"
believe it their duty entirely to take care of prisoners and
criminals generally. They do not visit as we do, but take
the entire part of turnkeys and prison-officers, and live with
the prisoners night and day, constantly caring for them.  I
thought the effect on the female prisoners surprisingly good,
as far as their influence extended. But the mixture of gross
superstition is curious, the image of the Virgin dressed up in
the finest manner, in their different wards.  I feared that




524        LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.               [1839.
their religion lay so much in form and ceremonies, that it led
from heart work, and from  that great change which would
probably be produced, did these sisters simply teach them
Christianity.  Their books appeared to be mostly about the
Virgin; not a sign of Scripture to be found, in either prison
or refuge. I felt it laid on me as a weighty, yet humbling
duty, before I left Lyons, to invite Roman Catholics and
Protestants, who had influence in the prisons, to come to our
Hotel, and there, in Christian love, to tell them the truth to
the best of my belief, as the only real ground of reformation of heart, and the means likely to conduce to this end.
It was the more fearful, as I had to be entirely interpreted
for.  My heart almost sank within me as the time approached.
It was about three o'clock in the day; about sixty people came,
of the very influential Catholics and Protestants, and I was
enabled through a most excellent interpreter, to show them,
that nothing but the pure simple truth, as revealed in Scripture, through the power of the Holy Spirit, could really enlighten the understanding, or change the heart. My husband
and Josiah Forster also, took a very useful and valuable part.
MuiUch satisfaction was expressed.  We afterwards dined at a
gentleman's, who lived in a lovely situation, on,the top of a
hill near Lyons. Our invitations began to flow in, and we
should, I doubt not, had we stayed longer, soon have been in
as great a current as at Paris, or greater. We met with some
very interesting, devoted, Christian characters-a cousin of
the Baroness Pelet's, almost like herself; her notes and flowers
coming in every morning. The last day was most fatiguing;
we had to rise soon aifter three in the morning for Avignon,
to go a hundred and fifty miles down the Rhone.
We have passed through the most delightful country I ever
saw. Lyons, with the Rhone and Saone, is, in its environs,
beautiful, and the passage from Lyons to Avignon really
lovely; mountains in the distance, (parts of the Alps,) their
tops covered with snow; vegetation in perfection, the flowers
of spring and summer in bloom at once, grass just ready to




1839.]     LIFE  OF ELIZABETH FRY.                   525
be cut, barley in the ear, lilacs, laburnums, syringas, roses,
pinks, carnations, acacias in full b1loom, yellowjessamine wild
in the hedges. It is a sudden burst of the finest summer,
combined with the freshness of spring. The olive groves,
intermixed with abundant vineyards and mulberry groves,
all beautiful from their freshness. The ancient buildings of
Avignon, the ruins on the banks of the Rhone, the very fine
and wonderful remains of the Roman aqueduct, called the
Pont du Gard, really exceed description. This place also
abounds in curious buildings.  Here, or in the neighbourhood, we expect to remain some time.
We find the poor Friends delighted to see us, and the
Protestants give us a hearty welcome.
From Avignon, they proceeded to Nismes. There, Elizabeth Fry made a longer tarriance than usual. For a week,
she continued to be exceedingly interested by the various
objects that presented themselves to her notice, and by the
persons whom she met with. There exists at Nismes, and in
the neighbouring villages, a scattered body of people, professing the principles of the Society of Friends.  She and
Josiah Forster visited, with much interest, all who resided at
Nismes, and attended their SMeetings. These simple, but
valuable persons are the descendants of the Camisards,
who took refuge in the mountains of the Cevennes, during
the persecutions subsequent to the revocation of the Edict of
Nantes.
Congenies was the next place visited by the travellers; it
is a retired village, to the west of the road from Nismes to
Montpellier, about four leagues from the former place. The
inhabitants are almost all Friends; a kind and religious
people.  With her companion Josiah Forster, Elizabeth Fry
regularly attended their Meetings for worship and discipline,
by which she became exceedingly interested in their welfare.
Their Meeting House was neat, and abundantly adequate to
the needs of the congregation; she also visited them all in
their families.




526         LIFE  OF ELIZABETH FRY.              [1839.
In all the villages round, there seemed to be a most eager,
willing ear, to hear the truths of the gospel. The Meeting
held at Congenies, on the last First-day evening, was crowded —the people clustered up to the top of the doors, in all
the open windows, and on the walls outside, yet in perfect
quietude and order. At Calvisson, on the following Firstday, it was the same, the Meeting there was held in the
Protestant Temple. The travellers left Congenies on the
27th, and after partaking of the abounding hospitalities of
Doctor Pleindoux, at Nismes, proceeded by the ancient city
of Arles to Marseilles. Before quitting Congenies, Elizabeth
Fry wrotePifth Month, 22nd.-Yesterday was my birthday, and it
pleased my Heavenly Father, in His love and pity, to cause
it to be a day of remarkable peace, from the early morning
to the evening. I felt it was not for works of righteousness,
that I had done, but of His grace and His mercy, that I
have thus known my soul to be refreshed in the Lord. Lord,
continue to be with us! lift up the light of Thy countenance
upon us, and bless us all, absent and present; and particularly at this time, I ask Thee to bless our labours among this
people, to their solid good, and Thy praise. Amen!
Sixth Zionth, 2nd. —We found a great deal of what was
highly interesting in Congenies. A peculiar and new place
to us.  The country remarkable, much cultivated in parts,
and planted with vineyards, mulberry, olive, and fig-trees,
with but little corn. There is a very delightful air; the
hills rather barren and singularly grey, with fine ruins upon
some of them; and here and there a peep at the Mediterranean. The little dull villages, much strewed about, thickly
inhabited, mostly by Protestants, who appear generally in a
low, neglected state; we visited some of these villages, and
had larger or smaller Meetings in them. We found a great
inclination in the people to hear the truth, and I believe there
is a real thirst after it.  I humbly trust that the blessing of




1839.]      LIFE OF ELIZABETH FRY.                 527
the Lord was with us, as I have seldom felt more peace, or
more sense of this blessing, than when engaged in these labours of Christian love at Congenies, or a more clear belief
that I was in my right place.
After visiting Marseilles, where many important objects
called for attention, the travellers proceeded to Toulon, and
there they visited the prisons and the galley-slaves; thence
to Aix. This place was, on various accounts, interesting to
the travellers: to Elizabeth Fry it was rendered particularly
so, by her finding there a lively little Protestant congregation, under a zealous and apparently spiritual pastor. A great
contrast to the scene which met her view, on turning into the
Course on her arrival,-the procession of the Fete Dieu in
all its tinsel finery.
From Aix, the travellers returned to Nismes. The subject
of a District Society claimed attention. First-day, the 10th,
was passed there: of this Elizabeth Fry writes:
Sixth Jyonth.-Our First-day at Nismes was aeeply weighty
in prospect, so that I rested little at night, as I had ventured
to propose our holding one Meeting in the morning, in the
Methodist chapel, that whoever liked might attend it; and
in the evening, to do the same in a very large school-room,
that all classes might attend, as I believed that all would not
come to a Methodist Meeting-house.  I went, prostrated
before the Lord, to this Meeting in the morning, hardly
knowing how to hold up my head; I could only apply for
help to the inexhaustible Source of our sure mercies; feeling
that I could not do it, either on account of myself, or because
it was the work in which I was engaged; but I could do it
for the sake of my Lord, and that His kingdom  might
spread. Utterly unworthy did I feel myself; but my Lord
was gracious.  My dear interpreter, Christine Majolier? was
there to help me in a very large Meeting, and I felt power
wonderfully given me to proclaim the truths of the Gospel,




528        LIFE OF ELIZABETH FRY.                [1839.
and to press the point of the Lord Himself being our teacher,
immediately by His Spirit, and through the Holy Scriptures,
and by His Providences and works; and to show, that no
teaching so much conduced to growth in grace, as the Lord's
teaching. There was much attention; at the close, I felt the
spirit of prayer much over us, longed for its vocal expression,
and felt a desire some one might pray, when a Methodist
minister, in a feeling manner, expressed a wish to offer something in prayer, to which, of course, we assented —it proved
solemn and satisfactory.
We dined at our dear friend, the Pasteur Emilien Frossard's; he and his wife have been like a brother and sister
to us; we were also joined by a Roman Catholic gentleman,
who has, I think, been seriously impressed by our visit, and
it has, led him to have the Scriptures read to his workmen.
There were also Louis Majolier, his daughter, and a young
English friend. I think I have very seldom in my life felt
a more lively sense of the love of God, than at this table.
I may say, our souls were animated under its sweetness;
I think we rejoiced together, and magnified the name of our
God.
In the evening, we met in a large school-room that would
contain some hundreds, where numbers assembled, principally the French Protestants and some of their pastors.
There, again, I was greatly helped, I really believe, by the
Holy Spirit, to speak to them upon their important situations
in the Church of Christ, and the extreme consequence of
their being sound both in faith and practice. I also felt it
my duty to show them, as Protestants, the infinite importance
not only in France, but in the surrounding nations, of their
being " as a city built upon a hill that cannot be hid."  I
showed them how the truth is spreading, and how important
to promote it, being preachers of righteousness in life and
conversation, as well as in word and doctrine.  There was
here also much attention; and our dear and valued friend
and brother in Christ, Emilien Frossard, prayed beautifully,




1839.]     LIFE OF ELIZABETH F RY.                 529
that the word spoken might profit the people, and particularly, that the blessing of the Lord might rest upon me. It
was no common prayer on my behalf. Thanks to my Heavenly Father, the Meeting broke up in much love, life, and
peace.
The next morning, Josiah Forster and I held a large
Meeting, partly in the open air, at the village of Codognan.
I was pleased to see many of our dear friends from Congenies and the neighbourhood, at this our last Meeting in
this part. We separated from them under a lively feeling of
true peace and much love, and concluded our services under
a strong confidence that our feet had been rightly turned
amongst them; a pastor-a stranger to us, closed the Meeting in a solemn and beautiful prayer.
After this, we proceeded on our journey to Montpellier,
where important service opened for us. A Protestant Ladies'
Committee was formed to visit the great Female Prison there;
much important advice offered to the Governor upon the
changes now being made in the prison, and female officers
being appointed; we appeared to go in the very time wanted,
and obtained the liberation of several poor women from their
very sad cells. The Prefet was most kind to us, and thus,
our way was easily mnade: the Mayor and all with us. Help
was given me to speak religiously to the poor women, before
all these gentlemen.
On the day that Elizabeth Fry left Montpellier, she
diverged to Cette, and crossing the Lagune of Then, in the
boat of an English merchant vessel, rejoined her companions
at Mdze, a little fishing village on its banks; the British
Consul and his wife came with her, and the captain of the
merchantman.  It was a temperance ship, and the Captain a serious man.  Whilst waiting at JMez6, to avoid
the mid-day sun, Elizabeth Fry wrote to her friend John
Carey, of Guernsey, to interest him on behalf of the British seamen frequenting the port of Cette, and to intreat
67




530        LIF E OF ELIZABETH  FRY.              [1839.
him to obtain for them a supply of Bibles, Testaments, and
Tracts.
Journal resumed:We proceeded from place to place until we arrived at
Toulouse, on Seventh-day evening, the 16th of the Sixth
Month. On First-day evening, we met a large number of
Protestants at one of their Scripture-readings. At the close,
a solemn prayer was offered for us by Francis Courtois, one
of a very remarkable trio of brothers, (bankers there,) all
three of whom are given up to the service of their Lord, and
appear to have been instruments greatly blessed.  Their
kindness to us was very great. In Toulouse we visited two
prisons; had one important Prison Meeting, and one exceedingly solemn and satisfactory Scripture-reading and
time of prayer, with the Courtois family, one or two pasteurs, and other religious persons.
I left my husband, who was unwell from the heat, at Toulouse, and went in faith, and somewhat in the cross, to
Montauban; the place where the ministers of the Protestant
Church of France are educated; but I believed it right to
go-Josiah Forster accompanied me.
To HER CHILDREN IN ENGLAND.
Bagneres de Luchon, Sixth Month, 23rd, First-day.
Here I sit before breakfast, with a most lovely scene before me. On entering this solemn Sabbath morning-my
soul and body refreshed, not only in admiring the wonderful
works of the outward creation, and being revived by the delightful air, fresh from the snowy mountains before me; but
what is more, my soul refreshed. I have been enabled to
lift my heart to my Heavenly Father, for every brother,
sister, and child individually, and for my dear husband; and
collectively, for my many beloved ones; committing all to
His holy keeping. I feel rest. And now, my beloved
children, I will tell you a little how we go on.




1839.]      LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.               531
My attraction homewards grows stronger and stronger, but
I desire patiently to wait the right time; the openings for
religious service are greater than I expectedl, more particularly amongst the Protestants, at Montpellier, Toulouse, and
Montauban.  At Montauban, without expressing any other
wish, than to have an evening party at one of their houses,
to meet some of the professors and students of the College,
(the only one in France for educating Pasteurs for the Reformed Church,) we found, to our dismay, all arranged to
receive us in the College; and on arriving there, imagine
how I felt, when the Dean of the College offered me his arm,
to take me into the chapel. There, I believe, the whole of
the collegians were assembled, in all at least a hundred. It
was fearful work. There were also numbers of the people
of the town; we thought about three hundred. Josiah Forster spoke first, explaining our views at some length. Then
I rose, with an excellent interpreter, one of their pasteurs;
I first told them something of my Prison experience, and the
power of Christian principle and kindness; then, I related a
little of the state of their prisons in France; then, my ideas
as to the general state of France; and afterwards endeavoured
to bring home to them the extreme importance of their future
calling, as pasteurs in their Church. I reminded them of
that passage of Scripture, " the leaders of the people caused
them to err." I endeavoured to show them how awful such
a state of things must be, and the extreme importance of
their being sound in doctrine and practice.  Simple duty led
me to Montauban. Josiah F. was my kind and useful companion.  We were united in much Christian love to many
there. I forgot to say, that at the close of the occasion, the
pasteur who interpreted for me, prayed beautifully and spiritually, that the words spoken might profit the people; he also
prayed for us; this has frequently occurred at the close of
some of our interesting Meetings; a pouring forth of the
spirit of prayer has been granted.  My not knowing the
language has obstructed my offering it, and it has appeared




532         LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.             [1839
laid upon others instead. I have seldom felt sweeter peace
in leaving a place than Montauban.  At Toulouse we were
deeply interested by the Courtois' brothers: they appear,
body, soul, and spirit, devoted to the service of their Lord:
quite a bright example to all of us. The world appeared as
nothing to them.  I have seldom seen men so wholly given
up to good and useful objects: they were most kind to us.
We had various calls of duty in that town, and I had a most
excellent interpreter in Fran-ois Courtois. We arrived here
yesterday evening, after serious consideration, believing it
the best to pursue this course. A certain time of quiet appears really needful to make representations to the French
government, and to those in authority, of the various evils
that want remedy in Prisons, &c. We understand there are
many seeking, serious minds, to whom we may be of some
conmfort, which helps to reconcile us to the measure.
Elizabeth Fry's perseverance had surnrounted every obstacle as long as her physical powers permitted; but from
the effcts of fatigue, and the heat of the climate, they were
beginning to fail.  Pest, and some cessation friom mental and
bodily exertion had become indispensable, and she yielded,
though not without reluctance, to her husband's wish for a
short tarriance in the cooler atmosphere of the Pyrenees.
Speaking of this retreat, she says —
We went from Toulouse to Bagneres de Luchon, a most
lovely place where we had a sweet, quiet lodging. I took two
wonderfully fine excursions with my husband and children,
(Josiah Forster partly with us,) which I rather enjoyed, particularly going into Spain.
One of these expeditions was to the Lake D'Oo   Elizabeth Fry and her daughter were carried in chairs, each borne
by four men, until they were about halfway up a steep akcent,
on a little level of green sward, shadowed by a huge rock.
They quitted their chairs for the carriers to rest themselves.




1839.]     LIFE OF ELIZABETH  F R Y.               533
A group of wild-looking peasants were reposing near. Elizabeth Fry sat down by them, and entered into conversation;
they assured her they " adored the Virgin in those parts;"
she took out a French Text-Book;-the eight bearers joined
the party.  She read some words of Scripture, then drew
attention to the wondeful works of God in creation, in the
beautiful scene around them; then she spoke of His infinite
mercy in sending the Lord Jesus Christ to redeem them.
They listened with earnestness and respect, and thankfully
received the little books she offered.
A day or two afterwards they ventured on a short excursion into Spain.  A  cool wet night, followed by a cloudy
morning, gave hopes of less heat; after leaving Luchon, the
party rode through the forest and valley of Beurbe, defiling
along the most exquisite mountain pass; higher and higher it
led them, till, on an elevated crest, the path turned suddenly
downwards at a point called the " Postillion," where a small
rock rmarked the boundary, and the guide exclaimed, "Nous
voici en Espagne."  They continued their descent for about
half-an-hour, till they reached the boundary, where beechtrees and oaks again grew, amidst small patches of cultivation. Two Catalonian peasants were there, in their brown
costume and scarlet sashes, and caps with long depending
peaks.  Elizabeth Fry, through the kind agency of Josiah
Forster, was well supplied with extracts from Scripture in
Spanish; to these men she gave several of them. Whilst
the travellers dined on the grass, they observed one of the
men reading attentively as he sat under the shade of a spreading chesnut, surrounded by his flock of goats. When rested
and refreshed they continued their descent to a spot where
they found several scattered cottages.  Desiring to sow as
" beside all waters," Elizabeth Fry left the little Scripture
extracts at all these; in the manger of a cow-house, or on a
nail of a door, for she had heard that the Spaniards, including
the priests, were eager for books, and carefully preserved
them.




534        LIFE OF ELIZABETH FRY.                 [1839,
During their little recess at Luchon, Elizabeth Fry, as,
sisted by her companions, prepared a memorial of considerable length for the Minister of the Interior, and a shorter one
for the Prefect of Police, embodying her observations on the
state of the prisons which she had inspected, and her recornmendations for their improvement.
From Bagneres de Luchon, they went to Bagneres de
IBigorre, entering the gorge that heads to Luz and " St. Sauveur."  They passed the ruined castle of 6' St. Marie," built
by the English, the Templar's Fortress-church at Luz, and
pursued their way to " St. Sauveur."  There they remained
some days, amidst the shadowy mountains which surround
the town, and the rushing waters, not only of the Gaves, or
rapid rivers of the district, but of the numerous little rivulets
which feed them, tumbling and foaming from the rocks
above.
The rest obtained here was beneficial to both body and
mind;'and it is interesting to observe how, from the pressure
of engagements of a most weighty character, the spirit of
Elizabeth Fry was permitted, withi a lively elasticity, to unbend and to repose itself in peace.  She was endowed with
a capacity for much enjoyment in the varied scenes of nature,
and whether she beheld the grandeur of Alpine heights, or
the rich foliage of the fertile valleys; whether she gathered
the shell on the beach, or the humble floweret by the roadside; whether she surveyed the bright tints of a splendid
sunset, or gazed on the wonders of the starry sky,-she saw
in each, the impress of a Father's hand, graciously providing
for His children, a store of blessing and a source of sanctified delight.  She had also a nice, discriminating taste for
the beauties of art. This gift, implanted in different degrees
in every human mind, by the great Former of all things, was
held by Elizabeth Fry in subserviency to the beneficient
Giver. She felt pleasure in witnessing the products of genius
and skill, when calculated to promote the convenience, or the
innocent enjoyment of man.




1839.]     LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FPRY.                535
How heart-saddening is the consideration that the artist,
favoured by Heaven with surpassing talent, so frequently devotes it to the most unholy purposes —pandering to the evil
propensities of our corrupt nature, instead of glorifying the
Almighty Creator, in serving His creatures, by the exercise
of some measure of a power to originate and construct that
which is useful and beautiful-a power which in its infiniteness, framed the architecture of the heavens and the earth.
On their return, E. Fry writes:We left Toulouse last Second-day, and have been travelling
rather hard through the South of France; the heat very oppressive. Little religious service opened on the way. But
at Montpellier and Nismes, we again met some of our dear
friends, and there appeared reason to believe that our labour
had not been in vain in the Lord, particularly at Nismes and
Congenies. Oh, may our Heavenly Father bless and prosper the seed scattered by us, His unworthy instruments; and
may He, in His tender and unmerited mercy, guide and
guard us to the end! Answer, I pray Thee, the deep cries
of Thy servant for Thine own name's sake, and cause Thy
love and peace to abound in our little circle, until we
separate.
Bonigen, near Interlachen, Switzerland, Eighth Month,
1 lth.-I believe that my gracious Lord has guided our steps
to this place; blessed be His name. Now to go on with my
journal.  At Grenoble, where I felt rather pressed in spirit,
to spend a First-day, I had a curious opening for religious
service, and I believe an important one with several enlightened Roman Catholics, several Protestants, and a school
of girls.  It was a time of spiritual refreshment, by which
many'appeared helped and comforted. The next day was
occupied in important prison visits, and in the evening a
Meeting with influential Roman Catholics.
Josiah Forster h'aving left us to go by diligence to Geneva,
we travelled alone through Savoy, and had a pleasant journey
through a lovely country; but the darkness of the Roman




536        LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.              [1839
Catholic religion, and the arbitrary laws not allowing even a
tract to be given away, were painful; we found that a Swiss
gentleman had lately been imprisoned for doing it, and confined with a thief.  We arrived at Geneva, the 25th of the
Seventh Month, in the evening. Here we passed a very interesting time, from various and important openings for religious service, in large parties, in prisons, &c. AMy belief is,
that we were sent to that place, and amidst some trials, from
different causes, there was a pouring forth of spiritual help,
and spiritual peace.  Many of the pasteurs came to us, and
not a few expressed their refreshment and satisfaction with
our visit; before we left, several of the most spiritual, in a
very striking and beautiful manner preached to us, particularly to myself, and prayed for us all: a time, I think, never
to be forgotten by us. I believe the anointing was poured
forth upon me, to speak the truth in love and power. I had
an excellent spiritually-minded interpreter (Professor La
HIarpe): many appear to feel this occasion.  A  young
English gentleman came up to me afterwards, and expressed
his belief that it would influence him for life; and a lady
came to me, and said, how remarkably her state had been
spoken to. Much love was also shown to us, and unity.
Indeed, I felt how our Lord permits HIis servants to rejoice
together in love, and even to partake of the good things of
this life, in His love and fear, with a subjected spirit, rejoicing in His mercies, temporal and spiritual.  We had very
great kindness also shown to us by many, among others, by
our dear friend Mary Ann Vernet and her family, including
her daughter the Baroness de Stiel, with whom we dined
at Copet. The Duke de Broglie and his family were with
her; we had a very interesting visit.  We went from Geneva
to our dear friend Sophia Delessert; her husband was out;
they have a beautiful place on the banks of the Lake of
Geneva, near Rolle; here we had the warmest reception,
and were refreshed and comforted together; she is truly
loved by me.




1839.]      LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                   537
Of a very important and interesting occasion, where, at
Beseinge, the beautiful residence of Colonel Tronchin, Elizabeth Fry met more than a hundred persons, we have some
remarkable particulars, from the pen of a young student,
since become the Secretary of the " Belgian Socidt6 Evangelique."  HIe says:"We had half expected a philosophical discourse upon subjects
of philanthropic and general interest, but every thing that fell from
her lips was characterized by delicacy, extreme simplicity, and an
ardent desire to draw our attention to our own happiness, in being
permitted the opportunity for meditation on the one subject which
seemed always present in her thoughts, Christ Jesus crucified for
the expiation of our sins. At this distance of time I have an
actual realization of the opening of her exhortation-' I think,'
said she,'it is impossible for us to be more profitably employed
than by occupying the next few moments, with the contemplation
of the love which the Lord Jesus has for us!' The rooms were
full to overflowing; my fellow-students and I took up our places
in the passage, on the stair-case, crowded round the open door,
eagerly hanging on such parts of the beautiful exhortation, as we
could catch by the most breathless attention; after she had concluded., she kindly came out amongst us, and expressed her regret
that we should have been so inconvenienced. I can see her now,
her tall figure leaning on Colonel Tronchin's arm, M. la Harpe
at her side, her dignified, animated, yet softened countenance,
bending towards us. I can never forget it. Such occasions are
rare in life, they are very green spots in the garden of memorymore, they are opportunities given for improvement, solemnly
increasing the responsibility of each who participates in them. May
I never lose the impression of that day at Beseinge, nor the holy
lessons I there heard and learnt."
On the First-day morning the travellers sat down in their
room as usual, to worship after the simple manner of Friends.
Some of the Vernet family, and a few others were present,
and it proved a very solemn meeting. In the evening, their
scripture-reading was attended by several pasteurs and a very
68




538         LIFE  OF E LIZABETH  FRY.            [1839.
numerous company, some belonging to the " evangelical"
section of the "' church," and others to that " national
"church,". which has become tinctured with vital error-the
consequence of submitting the truths of divine revelation to
the scrutiny and decisions of mere human reason.
On this occasion, Elizabeth Fry read the 58th chapter of
Isaiah, and spoke at length on some parts of it. She prayed
solemnly for those present; for the pasteurs, that they might
be endued with wisdom and strength, for all who love the
Lord, everywhere and of every name, and for the inlhabitants of Geneva in particular.
At Lausanne, we met with a kind friend, Charles Scholl,
whom we knew in England, a valuable pasteur. We visited
the prisons; and with the women I had a religious time, one
that appears to have made a considerable impression upon
some of them. I have had very comforting accounts since I
was there.  A good many ladies and some gentlemen, met
Josiah Forster and myself at a lady's house, where the subject of prisons was entered upon.  In the evening we met a
very large party, numbers of pasteurs, &c., at a gentleman's
beautiful place on the banks of the lake; here again we had
a deeply interesting time.  I had to speak for some time,
showing the effect of Christian principle and kindness on
prisoners.  I was well interpreted for, by my friend Charles
Scholl.  In conclusion, one valuable pasteur read, and another prayed for my preservation in my peculiar situation, and
that I might not be entangled by the many snares that surrounded me.  RMuch love and real unity we felt with many
of these dear people.  We then proceeded to Berne by Friburg; at Berne I again visited the Prison.  These Penitentiaries at Geneva, Lausanne, and ]erne interested me
much, as excellent; still there are some things wanting  At
Berne, I had also a religious time with all the female prisoners. We visited the large and interesting institution of
Dr. Fellenburg for boys, with which I was much pleased




1839.]      LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                 539
but I desired more reading of the Holy Scriptures, and
spoke and wrote to him on the subject.  We had a very
hospitable reception to- dinner, invited for half-past eleven,
from a gentleman and his lady. At the prison, I was, at
first, badly interpreted for, when a young lady, Sophia
Werstemburger, came forward, as she has since told me,
from believing it a duty, and offered to assist me. It was
striking to me to observe, how remarkably she appeared
helped to do it, and to convey my meaning.
The subject of this excellent and solemn address was
afterwards published by Sophia Werstemburger in a German
tract, and has been extensively used in Prisons
We resume the journal.
After this visit, we parted from our dear friend Josiah
Forster, in love and unity, and I may add, grateful to him
for his constant kindness, and faithful and industrious endeavour to help me in my various duties.  May it please the
Lord to grant him his reward, in a further knowledge of
Himself, and of the rest, peace, and liberty, that HIe gives
to His children and people.
From B]erne the travellers went to Thun, and to Grindelvaid and Brienz, being occupied at the different places with
their varied pursuits; those of Elizabeth Fry were as usual,
such as tended to promote the well-being of the inhabitants.
A First-day was passed at Brienz, where they had the unexpected pleasure of meeting some of Elizabeth Fry's valued
friends of the MI~ackenzie family from Edinburgh, and of
spending a quiet day together, concluded by a reading in the
evening.  The pastor of this place was also visited, and the
condition of his flock inquired into.\ On a previous occasion,
when on the Lake of Brienz, a poor boy who rowed the boat,
had told her that his mother lay sick in a cottage that he
pointed out. It rested on her mind, and in crossing the lake
to return to iBonigen, she landed, not without di/iculty, accompanied by the wife of the pasteur of Brienz.  They




540        LIFE OF ELIZABETH FRY.                [1839.
found the poor woman very ill on a mattress, spread in the
gallery of her cottage, with her Bible by her side; she was
an afflicted Christian woman, to whom the few words of
encouragement offered were very timely, to strengthen that
which, through bodily suffering, seemed almost ready to die.
The temporal wants were not forgotten, and the case was
left under the care of the pastor's wife.
Whilst at B16nigen, Herr Mitchell, the landlord of the
little inn, and his family, attended their First-day evening
readings. On one of these occasions a peasant girl was with
them who appeared pious and afflicted; her name was Madelina Kauss.  She came from a neighbouring village to seek
counsel of Elizabeth Fry.  Madelina and her mother had
joined themselves to a little body of serious people, Pietists,
somewhat resembling Methodists, seceders from the National
Church. The father, a coarse, ignorant man, vehemently
threatened his wife, and turned his daughter out of doors to
earn her own livelihood, which she did by weaving for nine
French sous a day. Pious people from Berne had interfered
on their behalf, but had only made matters worse. It so fell
out that, about this time, a certain small, old-fashioned, blackletter German newspaper reached the little inn at Bbnigen:
the host and his household were startled on finding in it a
long account of his guests,' a history of Mrs. Fry, her works
and labours of love; " concluding with her visit to the Oberland of Berne, and residence at the Herr Mitchell's country
inn. After careful perusal, it occurred to the worthy host, that
in his inmates, he had found the very people to rectify the
wrongs of poor Madelina, and restore peace in her parents'
dwelling; persons, in his opinion, not to be resisted by Henrich Kauss, the peasant of Wildersewyl, to whom he advised
that a visit should forthwith be made. When the carriage
came to convey the party, he insisted on driving it himself,
arrayed in his holiday costume. The interview with the
family was quite pathetic.  The father laid the fault of his
violence and severity on the grandfather, and he on the




1839.]      LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.              541
schoolmaster; but a little kind and wise conciliation sufficed
to bring them all to tears; they wept and kissed; and Herr
Mitchell wept for sympathy. After which, Elizabeth Fry
had a religious time with Madelina, her mother, and a few
of their neighbours; leaving them with the thankful belief
that they had been permitted to act the blessed part of
peacemakers.
What a messenger of mercy was Elizabeth Fry! Varied
and constant were the benefits conferred through her instrumentality. The query naturally suggests itself-how could
it happen that so many calls on benevolence and christian
sympathy could fall in her way?-the only reply to this
must be the fact, that she was appointed by the Mlost High to
her remarkable vocation. He it was, who, by the operation
of His Holy Spirit, qualified her for the work that He ordained she should perform; He led her into it through a
great diversity of channels,-and through paths that she
knew not. Had not her mind been subjected to the divine
will, waiting humbly before the Lord to receive direction
from Him, the purposes of His wisdom and love would have
been-at least by her-unfulfilled and unperceived.
After leaving Bonigen, Elizabeth Fry was met at Thun by
Sophia Werstemburger, and in the evening Felemburgh, the
chaplain of the prison at Berne, arrived there also; a few
important hours devoted to prison subjects were concluded
by a scripture-reading, and a time of worship.
Zurich, Eighth Jonth, 25th.-We left our sweet little
home at B;nigen, on the banks of the Lake of Brienz, last
Fourth-day. I felt refreshed by our visit to this lovely
country. I think my prayers have been heard and answered, in its being a very uniting time with those most tenderly beloved by me.  We have had some interesting communications with serious persons in the humble walk of life,
who reside in that neighbourhood. We have desired to aid
them spiritually and temporally, but the difficulty of communication has been very great, from want of suitable interpre



542         LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.              [1839,
ters; still, I trust, that some were edified and comforted. I
also hope our circulation of books and tracts has been useful,
and the establishment of, at least, one library at Brienz, for
the labouring classes.  We have travelled along gently and
agreeably by Lucerne, and through a delightful country.
On the morning of their departure from Zurich the venerable pastor Gesner, and many others, called to take leave.
This apostolic old man pronounced a striking blessing on
Elizabeth Fry, to which she replied in terms that caused the
bystanders to weep aloud. They proceeded to Ludwigsburg
for the First-day.  Here she writesLudwigsburg, (a few miles from Stuttgard,) Ninth Month,
lst.-On the evening of the day that I wrote at Zurich, we
went with our dear friend the Baroness Pelet, afterwards
joined by the Baron, to the house of an ancient, devoted
pasteur, Gesner.  His wife was the daughter of that excellent servant of the Lord, Lavater. We met a large number
of persons, I believe generally serious. I had proposed to
myself speaking on the Prison subject, but my way opened
differently; to enlarge upon the state of the Protestant
Church in France, to encourage all its members to devotedness; and particularly in that place, where deep trials have
been their portion, from their Government upholding infidelity and infidel men. At the close of the Meeting, our
venerable friend, Gesner, spoke in a lively, powerful manner,
and avowed his belief that the Lord Himself had enabled me
to express what I had done, it was so remarkably "the word
in season."  I paid, also, a satisfactory religious visit to the
female prisoners in the afternoon. The next morning I visited
the head magistrate, represented the evils I had observed,
and saw some ladies about visiting prisons. We afterwards
went a sweet expedition on the Lake, with our beloved
friends the Baron and Baroness Pelet. Early in the evening,
I set off with a dear girl-great granddaughter to Lavater,
and grand-daughter to Pasteur Gesner-Barbara Usteri, in a




1839.]    LIFe OF ELIZABETIH FRY.                  543
curious little carriage to pay some visits, and to spend an
evening at the house of the aunt of Matilda Escher, another
interesting young woman, with whom I had become acquainted, I believe providentially, at an inn near Interlachen.
I had no one with me but strangers, as my dear family stayed
with the Baron and Baroness Pelet at my desire; but I feel
not among strangers, because those who love the Lord Jesus,
are dear to me, and in our holy Head we are one. I can
hardly express, on this journey, how much I have found this
to be the case.  The love, the unity, and the home-feeling, I
have had with those I never saw before; and I have also'
found how little it matters where we are, for " where the God
of peace is, there is home."
A letter to the resident Inspector of the Prisons at Ludwigsburg, was delivered, and half-past seven o'clock the
next morning, appointed for her visit to that place.  There
a Swiss lad of eighteen years of age, was in waiting to act as
interpreter.  The women, though it was First-day, were
engaged in needlework by order of the King,-a sad sight
in a Protestant country! Elizabeth Fry also visited an
Orphan Asylum; and in the evening again went to the prison.  The women appeared in a tender, feeling state of
mind, and a solemn reading of the Scriptures impressed them
much. The travellers proceeded to Frankfort, where they met
with much kindness from christian friends, visited the prisons, and had a stall opened in the town for the sale of Bibles
and Tracts. A rapid journey from that place brought them
to Ostend, whence they embarked for Dover on the 12th of
the Ninth Month, and they were favoured to reach home in
health and peace on the 13th.
About two months later, Elizabeth Fry visited Norfolk.
Whilst staying at Lynn, with her son and daughter Cresswell, she found they contemplated placing their eldest son in
the army. This was to her a most painful circumstance.
Perhaps there could not be found a spirit to which war, in




544        LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.               [1839
every shape, was more deeply abhorrent-its element a more
absolute contrast with that atmosphere of love in which she
was continually preserved.
From some members of her immediate family, the Compiler
has received assurances that her utter disapprobation of this
most evil system, and her grief that any of her descendants
should be involved in it, continued to the close of her life to
be unalterably strong. She says, on being apprised of the intention of her children in reference to this arrangement"' My prayers were offered in secret, that my Lord would
open some way of escape from a life, that I felt to be so
unchristian and fearful a one. At first I said little, but kept
my heart much lifted up on his account; but afterwards, I
fully represented my views to him and to his parents, and I
found they had great weight with them."
The plan for placing this beloved grandchild, who was but
seventeen years of age, in this most unchristian profession,
appeared to be abandoned; much to the relief and consolation of his dear grandmother.
At the commencement of the new year, Elizalbeth Fry
pours forth the desires of her soul in prayer, as follows:Under a sweet feeling of Thy merciful and providential
care over us, and Thy gentle dealings towards us, most gracious Lord God, I humbly return Thee thanks, and ask Thee
in faith, and in the name of our Redeemer, to continue to be
with us, to keep us, and bless us, and more abundantly to
bestow upon us the gifts of Thine own Holy Spirit, that we
may faithfully fill the office Thou mayst call us into, to Thy
glory, the good of others, and the spreading of the truth as
it is in Jesus; also, be pleased, not only to bestow on us the
gifts, but also the graces of Thy Spirit, that in meekness
and deep humility, and much patience and long-suffering, we
may walk worthy of Thee, who hast called us to Thy kingdom and glory.  And now, Holy Father, under a fresh




1840.]    LIFE OF ELIZABETtH  FRY.                 545
feeling of Thy love, Thy pity, and Thine unmerited mercy
towards us, I commend my husband, myself, children,
grandchildren, brothers, sisters, and their children, and all
my beloved friends at home and abroad, and all who love
Thy name and fear Thee, particularly the afflicted and
tempted, to Thy most Holy keeping; and I also pray Thee,
for the sake of Thy beloved Son Christ Jesus our Saviour,
who tasted death for every man, to regard for good the world
at large, especially those who yet sit in darkness. Lift up
the light of Thy blessed and holy countenance upon these,
and all wanderers, that they may behold Thy beauty and
excellency, and come to the knowledge of Thyself and Thy
dear Son. So be it, most merciful Lord God, that the day
may hasten forward, when the knowledge of Thyself and
Thy Christ, through the power of Thy Spirit, may cover the
earth, even as the waters cover the sea! Amen.
Elizabeth Fry had, previously to her last visit to the Continent, believed it would be her duty to extend it to parts of
Germany. The way thither did not, however, then appear
fully to open. The attraction to that country was not lessened, and, with the concurrence of her friends at home, she
prepared again to set out on this gospel mission.  Her endeared friend and brother in Christ, William Allen, was
impressed with a belief that he was required by his Lord to
unite with her in the service. Before entering on their
travels they were called on to perform several important
duties in their own land, as will be shown by the following
entries in the journal:
First M/o1nth, 1840.-An eventful time in public and private life. Our young Queen is to be married to Prince
Albert. She has sent me a present of fifty pounds for our
Refuge at Chelsea, by Lord Normanby.  Political commotions about the country-riots in Wales-much religious stir
in the "' Church of England," numbers of persons becoming
much the same as Roman Catholics-Popish doctrines
69




546       LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.               1840.
preached openly in many of the churches-infidel principles,
in the form of Socialism, gaining ground.
To a seriously-disposed person to whom Elizabeth Fry
had been an instrument of religious edification, she wrote on
the 15th of First Month of this year, from Upton:
My dear Friend,
Thy few lines gave me solid satisfaction, because they bespeak the real work of grace going on in thy heart. Does
not our Lord say, " By their fruits ye shall know them?"
What will any profession of religion avail us-however high
-unless we have "put on the new man, which after God is
created in righteousness and true holiness?" I am very
deeply impressed with this most important truth, and much
wish that those who profess Christ, every where, and of all
denominations, felt it more; but Satan tries to turn them
from it, and to have their religion consist in some outward
form, and some peculiar views of doctrine, some exalted profession, rather than, in deep humility and meekness of spirit,
acknowledging the Lord to be their Saviour, and the HIoly
Spirit to be their Guide, Comforter, and Sanctifier.
Farewell, thy affectionately interested Friend,
ELIZABETH FRY.
Upton, Second J1ontlh, 1st.-I am called to visit our young
Queen to-day, in company with William Allen, and I hope
my brother Samuel also.
We went to Buckingham Palace, and saw the Queen.
Our interview was short. Lord Normanby, the Home Secretary, presented us. The Queen asked us where we were
going on the Continent. She said it was some years since
she saw me. She asked about Caroline Neave's Refuge, for
which she had lately sent the fifty pounds. This gave me
an opportunity of thanking her. I ventured to express my
satisfaction that she encouraged various works of charity;
and I said it reminded me of the words of Scripture, "with




1840.]      LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                   547
the merciful Thou wilt show Thyself merciful." Before we
withdrew, I stopped and said, I hoped the Queen would
allow me to assure her, that it was our prayer that the blessing of God might rest upon the Queen and her Consort.
I have for some time believed that duty would call me to
have a meeting in London or the neighbourhood, previous
to leaving home. I see many difficulties attached to it, and
perhaps none so much, as my great fear of women coming
too forward in these things, beyond what the Scripture dictates; but I am sure the Scripture most clearly and forcibly
lays down the principle that the Spirit is not to be grieved,
or quenched, or vexed, or resisted; and on this principle I
act; under the earnest desire that whatever the Lord leads
me into by his Spirit may be done faithfully to Him, and in
His name; and I am of opinion, that nothing Paul said, to
discourage women's speaking in the Churches, alluded to
their speaking through the help of the Spirit, as he clearly
gave directions how they should conduct themselves under
such circumstances, when they prayed or prophesied.
In a letter written a few days afterwards, one who was
present, not a Friend, described that Meeting in the following words:" It was really a most impressive occasion-the large, fine, circular building filled —not less, I should think, than fifteen hundred
present.  She began by entreating the sympathy and supplications
of those present.  I cannot tell you how mine flowed forth on her
behalf. After her prayer, we sat still for some time, then William
Allen spoke, and then she rose, giving as a text,'Yield yourselves unto God, as those that are alive from the dead;' and uncommonly fine was her animated, yet tender exhortation to all present,
but more especially the young, to present themselves as living
sacrifices to the Lord, —to be made of Him new creatures in Christthe old things passed away, and all things become new, as those
alive from the dead. This change she dwelt and enlarged on
much; its character, and the Power that alone can effect it; the
duty demanded of us —'Yield yourselves;' and its infinite and




548        LIFE  OF ELIZABET-I  FRY.             [1840.
eternal blessedness. I was astonished and deeply impressed; the
feeling was,'surely God is amongst us of a truth."'
All now appeared clearly open for her leaving home, in
order to proceed with the work that she believed was required on the Continent. She was accompanied, not only by
her friend, William Allen, but also by her beloved brother,
Samuel Gurney —his daughter Elizabeth and Lucy Bradshaw were enlisted in the service-being much needed, as
helpers to their more aged friends, who, although possessing
undiminished energy of mind and feeling, were evidently
less vigorous in physical power than heretofore.  Their
valued friend, Josiah Forster, joined this little band, and
rendered important assistance to them.  They embarked
for Ostend: on arriving there, Elizabeth Fry wrote to her
family:Ostend, Second Mionth, 27t7, finished Ghent, 291tA.
We are favoured with a bright morning, and we may
thankfully say that our spirits are permitted to partake of
the same brightness. I have a sweet feeling of being in the
right place. An order is come from the Belgian Government
for us to visit their prisons.  So the way opens before us;
and though I give up much to enter these services, and feel
leaving my most tenderly beloved ones, yet there is such a
sense of the blessedness of the service, and the honour of
doing the least thing for my Lord, unworthy as I am, that it
often brings a peculiar feeling of health, (if I may so say)
as well as peace, to my body, soul, and spirit.
My brother Samuel is a capital travelling companion, so
zealous, so able, so willing, so generous; and I find dear
Elizabeth sweet, pleasant, and cheering. Bruges is a delightful old town. Here we visited the English Convent,
where to our surprise,, we could only speak through a
grating.  We had a good deal of conversation with dear
S. P -'s sister and the Superior.  They appeared very
interesting women.  We talked about their shutting-in sys
tem. I expressed my disapprobation of it as a general




1840.]      LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                549
practice, and one liable to such great abuse. I sent them
some books, and mean to send more. We also visited a
large school; and to the great pleasure and amusement of
the children, your uncle gave them all a present. They
could not in the least understand our language, as they
speak Flemish.
We have been much interested, this morning, in visiting
the Maison de Force; it is a very excellent prison of considerable size, but wants some things very much. We have
since been occupied with the numerous English here. They
are without pasteur or school, and quite in a deplorable state.
We propose having a meeting with them of a religious and
philanthropic nature, and hope to establish some schools, &c.,
amongst them.
May the blessing of the Most High abundantly rest on
you all.
From Brussels, Third Monthl, 1st.
We left Ghent on Seventh-day, about half-past two o'clock,
after visiting a most deplorable prison, where we found a
cell with the floor and sides formed of angular pieces of
wood, so that no prisoner could stand, lie down, or lean
against the wall, without suffering. We also visited a lunatic asylum, so beautifully conducted, that I more took the
impression of how happy such persons may be made than I
ever did before. They are cared for by the "' Sisters of St.
Vincent de Paul."  After rather a. slow journey, we arrived
here to dinner, at six o'clock.
Chent, Third Month, 3rd. —Here we are once more-we
have visited another large prison for the military; and had
a very interesting Meeting with the English workmen, their
wives and children. I am glad to say, they conclude for us
to send them schoolmasters. We had flocks after us last
evening, English and Belgians-I suppose about seventy;
they appeared to be touched by our reading. I observe how
much the English appear impressed on these occasions. Our
little party are very comfortable, and each has plenty to do




550       LIFE  OF ELIZABETHII FRY.    [1840.
Antwerp, Third ~Month, 6th.
Upon our return to Brussels from Ghent, we visited the
great prison of Vilvorde. We gave many of our little
Scripture extracts to the prisoners. We got home to dinner,
and spent the evening at the Baron de Bois', where we met
several pleasant persons. A considerable number of Belgians, poor and rich, came to an evening Meeting at our
hotel. The next day was one of no common interest. After
some engagements in the morning, breakfasting out, &c., we
visited the King.  Our party were William Allen, my brother Samuel, J. Forster, and myself; and before we left,
Lucy Bradshaw and dear Elizabeth were admitted to see
him. We first had a very interesting conversation on the
state of the prisons, and your uncle read the King our
address to him upon the subject; when the partfwas read expressing our desire for him, the Queen and his family, he
appeared to feel it much. We had open, interesting communication on many subjects. We remained nearly an hour.
The Queen was unwell, and the children asleep, therefore I
did not see them. We gave the IKing several books for himself and the Queen. We were invited by Count Arrivabene
to dine with one of the first Belgian families. I felt it rather
fearful, when, to my surprise after dinner, I was seated by
the Dean of Brussels, surrounded by the company, and told
that I was permitted to speak openly upon my religious views.
Indeed, I think the wish was, that I should preach to them.
This was curious, because I was warned on going to say
nothing about religion. Preach I did not-as I do not feel
that at my command; but I spoke very seriously about the
Scriptures not being read in the prisons, and endeavoured to
show, in few words, what alone can produce change of heart,
life, and conduct, and the danger of resting in forms.  We
parted in much good-will, and we sent the Dean and the
ladies some books. In the evening we had a philanthropic
party at our hotel. The next morning, a large, very solemn
and interesting religious Meeting at the hotel. We left




1840.j, LIFE oP ELIZABETHI  FRY.                551
B3russels in much peace (rejoicing would not be too strong a
word).  In nearest love.
E. F.
Extract from  a letter writen by her niece, Elizabeth
Gurney:" Br:ussels, Third Month, 6th. —We expect to end our very interesting visit in this place to-day. A great Meeting is now assembling in the Table d'Hote salon, fitted up by our landlord for the
occasion. This is to be our farewell Meeting. We have had a very
full morning, partly employed in distributing books. The servants
at the palace sent an entreaty that they might not be overlooked.
" Yesterday began with a full tide of business.  They were to
see the King at twelve o'clock. He is a particularly pleasing-looking man, rather older than I expected.  The Duchess of Kent ha.
kindly written to the King, to say, that my aunt was likely to
visit Brussels.
", I must tell you about our dinner at M. le Comte de-'s, the
first Roman Catholic family here. We were taken there by our
kind friend Count Arrivabene. The party consisted of fifteen
persons, only two speaking English. Amongst them was the Dean,
the head of the Church here, under the Bishop of Malines. Much
that was interesting passed. The Dean and our aunt seated themselves in a corner of the room, and by degrees the whole party
gathered round; the Count and Josiah Forster interpreting by turns.
It was a critical, thing to know what to say, as the conversation became more and more of a religious nature.  She began on the
prisons-prevention of crime-how much the upper classes are often
-the cause, by example, of the sins of the lower; related a few of
her prison facts as proofs, and finally ended by saying,'Will the
Dean allow me to speak my mind candidly?' His permission being
given, and that of the Count and Countess, she began by expressing the sincere interest that she felt for the inhabitants of this city,
and how much she had been desiring for them,'that as a people,
they might each place less confidence in men, and in the forms of
religion, and look to Christ with an entire and simple faith.' The
priest said nothing; but turned the subject, and asked what the
views of the Quakers were; upon which Josiah Forster gave them
a short account in French, which appeared to interest them all."




552        LIFE OF ELIZABETH FRY.                 [1840.
The engagements in Rotterdam were numerous, as usual.
But although many circumstances occurred to encourage her,
Elizabeth Fry often went heavily on her way, feeling delicate in health, and oppressed in spirit. A letter from Dr.
Bosworth, with whom she had become acquainted at Rotterdam, was very consoling to her.  In it he says:" Before I answer your questions, let me discharge a debt of
gratitude, which I and my wife owe to you and your friends, for
your benevolent exertions in Rotterdam. You have excited amongst
us, and have left, I trust, an abiding Christian affection. We
feel we are brethren, united in the same good cause of our
adorable Saviour, that of promoting'peace on earth, and goodwill to men.' How soon will the wood, hay and stubble of party be
burnt up, and what is built on the Rock of Ages remain, &c., &c
We are here in a parched wilderness, but your visit has brought
a refreshing dew, and may it abide with us."
After spending some days at Amsterdam and Zwolle,
where Elizabeth Fry had important service, holding Meetings, &c., the travellers went to Minden, to visit a small body
of Friends resident there, as well as the larger congregation
at Pyrmont.
Elizabeth Fry again writes to her family at home:MJinden, Third MJonth, 28th.-We left Zwolle on Second.
day, the 23rd, and slept at a true German inn-neither carpet nor curtain. Our night was disturbed, still we did well.
The next day we set off in good time, and travelled until
twelve o'clock; we did not settle till two in the morning. I
think I have not yet recovered the fatigue, not having slept
well one night since. We have been interested by the
Friends, who are much like those of Congenies, but more
entirely Friends; we have visited them in almost all their
families, and had two Meetings with them. We have been
brought into much sympathy-'ith them, for they are a tried,
and I believe a Christian people. We have this evening had
three pastors with us, two of them I think spiritual men.




1840.]      LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FgR Y.             553
Our Meeting was largely attended this afternoon, and I can
assure you my heart almost failed me, being interpreted for
in German is so difficult, but we have in Auguste Mundhenck, a well educated young Friend, a capital interpreter.
The Meeting ended well. In my wakeful nights I feel solitary, and have you very present with me; but I humbly trust
He that sleepeth not is watching over you with tender care.
Pyrmont, 29th. —In our way here we visited, at Hameln, a
large prison, under the King of Hanover, almost all the poor
prisoners, upwards of four hundred in number, heavily
chained.  I told them a little of my deep interest for their
present and everlasting welfare; they appeared to feel it very
much; one poor man, a tall fine figure, with heavy chains
on both legs, sat weeping like a child. I am just come in
from visiting the families of Friends; they are really a very
valuable set. I longed to take a picture for you of an old
Friend with a plain scull-cap, either quilted or knitted, a
purple handkerchief, a striped apron, and the whole appearance truly curious; but she was a sweet old woman, full of
love.  I am really amused, the old and young are as fond of
me as if I could fully speak to them; the little ones sitting
on my lar as if I were their mother, and leaning their little
heads upon me. A little child about four or five said, what
happy days they should have when we went to see them
We expect a large party this evening.
30th.-We had our party, and understand there were present some of the first persons in the town, besides the master
of the hotel, his wife, the doctor, the postmaster, the bookbinder, the shoemaker, &c., &c., &c.! We discussed the state
of their poor, their not visiting them, or attending to them;
for it appears that visiting the poor is not thought of here.
I hope and expect our coming will be useful in this respect.
Ilameln-ended Hanover, Fourth Month, 2nd.
Whilst stopping at a small inn, I rwean to finish my account
of our visit to Pyrmont. After I wrote, we went shaking on
70




554        LIFE OF ELIZABE-Ta FRY.              [1840.
such bad roads from Jiouse to house to see the Friends, that
I almost feared we must break down. We twice dined with
them, in their beautiful spot at Friedensthal, (or the valley
of peace,) surrounded with hills, and a river flowing through
it. Roebucks wild from the woods abounding. We were
very pleasantly received.  Our visits were very satisfactory
to these very valuable and agreeable people. Tears and
kisses abounded at our departure. I must tell you of an
interesting event:-I went to buy something for little John
at a shop, where a very agreeable lady spoke to me in English, and I was so much attracted by her, that I requested
her to accept a book, and sent a work on the rites and ceremonies of the Jews. I asked her to attend our Meeting on
Second-day morning. She proved to be a Jewish lady of
some importance; she came to Meeting with several other
Jews, and truly I believe her heart was touched. I invited
her to come and see us the next evening, when we expected
several persons to join our party. The following day we
agreed to form a District Society, to attend to the deplorable
state of the poor. The Jewish lady capitally helped us, she
then appeared in a feeling state; but this morning when the
ladies met to finish our arrangements, and I felt it my place
to give them a little advice, and my blessing in the name of
the Lord, the tears poured down her face. I then felt it my
absolute duty to take her into my room to give her such
books as I thought right, and to tell her how earnest my
desires were that she should come to the knowledge of our
Saviour. I think in our whole journey no person has ap..
peared to be so affected, or so deeply impressed; may it be
lasting, and may she become a Christian indeed!
Hildesheim, Fourth Month, 6th.
We left Hanover to-day about five o'clock, after rather a
singular visit. We arrived there on Fifth-day evening. On
Sixth and Seventh day our way did not open quite so brightly
as sometimes. We saw a deplorable prison; poor untried




1840.]      LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FPRY.               555
prisoners chained to the ground until they would confess
their crimes, whether they had committed them or not, and
some other sad evils.  Several interesting persons came
to -see us. Seventh-day evening we spent at a gentleman's
house, where we met some very clever and superior persons,
and had much important communication upon their prisons,
&c., &c. On First-day we-had our little Meetings; such a
tide on a Sabbath I think I hardly ever had; it was like
being driven down a mighty stream; we had allowed persons
to come to us, supposing it would be the last day there. I
made some calls of Christian love.  The principal magistrate
came for an hour about the prisons, and very many other
persons. In the evening we had also a party of a select nature
to our Scripture-reading, and, after a very solemn time, we
represented many things wanted in Hanover. I forgot to
tell you, amongst other visitors, the Queen's Chamberlain
came to say that the. Queen wished to see our whole party on
Second-day at one o'clock. We had proposed going that
morning early, but put it off on this account. I think I
never paid a more interesting visit to royalty-my brother'
Samuel, William  Allen, and myself.  In the first place we
were received with ceremonious respect, shown through
many rooms to a drawing-room, where were the Queen's
Chamberlain and three ladies-in-waiting to receive us.
After some little time we were sent for by the Queen; the
King was too ill to see us. She is a stately woman, tall,
large, and rather a fine countenance.  We very soon began
to speak of her afflictions, and I gave a little encouragement
and exhortation.  She was much affected and after a little
while requested us'to sit down. We had very interesting
and important subjects brought forward: the difficulties and
temptations to which rank is subject-the importance of their
influence-the objects incumbent upon them to attend to and
help in, Bible Societies, Prisons, &c. We then read our address to the Queen, wishing her to patronize ladies visiting the
prisons; it contained serious advice, and our desires for her,




556          LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                [1840.
the King, and the Prince; then I gave the Queen several
books, which she accepted in the kindest manner..
At Berlin, the travellers found a cordial welcome from all
ranks of persons, including the members of the reigning
family. A wide field of usefulness appeared open before
them, and in the Princess William, sister to the late King,
Elizabeth Fry found a zealous co-operator in her labours on
behalf of the prisons. This eminent and truly Christian
lady had been as a mother to the younger children of the
Royal Family, after the death of Queen Louisa, and in her
exalted station, she was an example of every good word and
work.
From a letter written by Elizabeth Fry's nieceHotel de Russie, Berlin
" Our dear aunt's first evening for philanthropic purposes took
place on the 13th. There is a splendid room in the Hotel, capable
of containing two hundred persons, where we have our reunions."
At one end of this large room was a platform, on which
were seated Elizabeth Fry and her companions, with their
valued friend, Professor Tholuck, as interpreter.  E. F.'s
niece adds," It would be impossible to describe the intense interest and
eagerness which prevailed when our aunt rose.
" The attention of the whole assembly seemed completely riveted
by her address. William Allen had previously told them the object
of their mission, and a little of what they had been doing since our
arrival in Berlin.
" The PrincessWilliam has been very desirous to give her sanction,
as far as possible, to the Ladies' Committee for visiting the prisons
that my aunt has been forming; and to show her full approbation,had
invited the Committee to meet her at her palace. The Princess had
also asked some of her friends; so we must have been about forty.
Such a party of ladies, and only our friend Count Griben to
interpret. The Princess received us most kindly. The Crown
Princess arrived.  The Princess Charles was also there; and the




1840.]       LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                  557
Crown Prince himself soon afterwards entered. Our aunt sat in the
middle of the sofa, the Crown Prince and Princess, and the Princess
Charles on her right. The Princess William, Princess Marie, and
the Princess Czartoryski on the left. Count Griben sitting near her
to interpret, the Countesses Bohlen and Dernath by her, I was sitting by the Countess Schlieffen, a delightful person, who is much
interested in all our proceedings. A table was placed before our
aunt with pens, ink, and paper, like other Committees, with the
various rules that she and I had drawn up, and the Countess Bohlen
had translated into German, and which she read to the assembly;
our aunt then gave a clever, concise account of the Societies in
England. When business was over, my aunt mentioned some
texts, which she asked leave to read. A German Bible was handed
to Count Grijben, the text in Isaiah having been pointed out, that
our aunt had wished for,'Is not this the fast that I have chosen,'
&c. The Count read it, after which our aunt said,' Will the Prince
and Princesses allow a short time for prayer?' they all bowed assent,
and stood, while she knelt down, and offered one of her touching,
heartfelt prayers for them-that a blessing might rest on the whole
place, from the King on his throne to the poor prisoner in the dungeon, and she prayed especially for the Royal Family. Then for
the ladies, that the works of their hands might be prospered in what
they had undertaken to perform. Many of the ladies now withdrew,
and we were soon left with the Royal Family. They all invited us
to see them again, before we left Berlin, and took leave of us in the
kindest manner."
Amongst other most onerous concerns, Elizabeth Fry and
William  Allen felt it their duty to inquire into the actual
state of the Lutheran Church, in the Prussian dominions,
and whether it was still exposed to persecution. They found,
that although its members were more leniently dealt with
than they had been, great oppression still existed; confiscation of property and imprisonment being not unfrequently
resorted to, to compel submission.  Elizabeth Fry could not
feel justified without endeavouring to bring the subject before the King. She had a strong inclination to consult the
Crown Prince, when the unexpected meeting at the Princess




558       LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.               [1840.
William's afforded her the desired opportunity.  After
earnestly petitioning for best Help, and wisdom from above,
she opened the subject. The Prince gave her a most attentive hearing, and entirely encouraged her to act as she
believed to be right. An. address was beautifully drawn up
by William Allen, this was translated into German, and presented through the official channel to the King.  On the
following day the King's Chaplain was the bearer of the
delightful intelligence that the address had been graciously
received, and that the King had said that "' He thought the
Spirit of God must have helped them to express themselves
as they had done."
Elizabeth Fry writes from —
Frankfort, Fifth Mlonth, 4ts. —I felt very unwell yesterday, and lowin spirits. ~My dearest brother and sweet niece
were most kind to me; all that I required I had: so, "the
Lord doth provide."   I almost dreaded my night; but
through tender mercy the Comforter was near to comfort and
help my great infirmity, so that I rested in my Lord, and feel
revived in body and soul this morning. This text has been
present with me, "I am the Lord that healeth thee."Exodus xv. 26.  Such fears presented themselves.  How
could I get home? How could I bear the sea? should I
not be much burdened, not having finished what I thought
I ought to do? and so on; but now my most gracious and
holy Helper delivers me from my fears. Thanks to His
most blessed and holy Name.
From Duisseldorf the travellers visited the establishment
of Kaiserswerth under the care of Pastor Fliedner for training Deaconesses, to tend and nurse the sick, and to aid
their spiritual necessities, whilst providing for their temporal
wants.  At that time this admirable-institution had existed
only four years, but its utility was generally acknowledged,
and information upon the subject earnestly desired. Pastor
Fliedner, in furnishing his recollections of the visit, says:



1840.]       LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                 559
" The 8th of May, 1840, was a great holiday to us; Elizabeth
Fry of London visited our institution.  Of all my contemporaries
none has exercised a like influence on my heart and life: truly her
friendship was one of the'all things,' which God, in sovereign
mercy, has worked for my good. In January, 1824, I had had the
privilege of witnessing the effects of Mrs. Fry's wonder-working
visits among the miserable prisoners of Newgate.  On my return
to my father-land, my object was to found a society entitled the' Rhenish Westphalian Prison Association,' having ramifications in
all the provinces of Germany. In this I was greatly assisted by the
advice and experience afforded me by this eminent servant of God.
During my second stay in England, in 1834, I had the happiness, in
common with Dr. Steinkopff, of spending a day with Mrs. Fry, at
her own home, and also of accompanying her in one of her visits of
mercy to Newgate. By this means, I was enabled to see and admire
her, in her domestic, as well as public character. Thus may my
happiness be estimated, when in 1840, Mrs. Fry, accompanied by
her brother, her young niece, William Allen and Lucy Bradshaw,
came in person to see and rejoice over the growing establishment of
Kaiserswerth. She saw the whole house, going into every room, and
minutely examining each detail, and then delivered to the inmates a
deeply interesting discourse. Many were the tears shed, and I have
a bright hope, not in vain.           Truly God was in the
midst of us, and the remembrance of that spirit of active, selfdenying love, is one of the sweetest consolations which I possess,
amid the trials and difficulties which every such institution must
afford.' TioMAS FLIEDNER.
"JMaBy 26, 1848."
The following is Elizabeth Fry's touching and instructive
record of their engagements at this time:Diissedorf, Fifth MJonth, 10th.-H-ere we are, and thanks
to my Heavenly Father I am much revived: my cough better; unfavourable symptoms subsided; sufficient strength
given me for the various duties as they arise. I feel my
prospect weighty; first, going to- the prison to visit some prisoners whom I dil not see yesterday. And then, we expect
a large evening party to read the Scriptures and for worship,




560'       LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.             [1840.
and this amongst strangers who know little or nothing of us,
or our ways, and our interpreter not accustomed to us; but
our holy Helper can, through His own unmerited mercy and
Almighty power, really so help us as to touch the hearts of
those who come to us, to their true edification. 0 gracious
Lord! be with us, help us and bless us.  Thy servants have
come in much fear, much weakness, and under a belief that
it is Thy call, that has brought them here. Now, be Thyself
present with us, in this our last occasion of the kind, to our
help, consolation, and edification! I can only cast myself on
Thy love, mercy, and pity!
In the afternoon I visited the prison, accompanied by my
dear brother, William Allen, and Lucy Bradshaw. We first
collected a large number of men in a yard, and I was, in my
low state of body, strengthened to speak to them in the open
air. Unexpectedly, a valuable man, the Pastor Fliedner, met
us, who interpreted beautifully for me. We then visited
several wards, and the prisoners appeared to feel a great deal.
May its effect long remain. I also visited a very valuable
lady, a Roman Catholic, who has visited the prison many
years. We partook of Christian love, and, I believe, of
Christian unity. In the evening we had a very large party
to our reading and worship; I should think nearly a hundred
persons. My Lord and Master only knows what such occasions are to me, weak in body, rather low in spirits-amongst
perfect strangers to us-not able to speak to them in their
own language. To whom could I go? I could say, "With
God all things are possible;" and so I found it. My brother
Samuel read the 7th chapter of Matthew. One of the pastors read it in German. I soon spoke, and unexpectedly had
to enlarge much on the present and past state of Germany:
how it was that more fruit had not been produced, considering the remarkable seed sown in years past; the query, what
hindered its growth?  I expressed my belief-first, that it
arose from a lukewarm and indifferent spirit; secondly, from
infidel principles creeping in under a specious form' thirdly




1840.]    LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                 561
from too much superstition yet remaining; fourthly, and
above all, from the love of the world, and the things of it,
beyond the love of Christ. After showing the evil and its
results-the seed obstructed, as in the parable of the Sower,
bringing no fruit to perfection; I endeavoured to point to
the remedy-to look at home, and not to judge one another;
to ask for help, protection, and direction to walk in the narrow way: to be doers and not hearers of the word; and to
devote ourselves to His service, who had done so much for us.
William Allen followed with a satisfactory sermon. I then
prayed very earnestly for them, and afterwards exhorted on
reading the Scriptures, family worship, keeping the Sabbath,
&c., and ended with a blessing —the attention was excessive;
the interpretation excellent, by my dear friend, the Pastor
Fliedner; hearts much melted, and great unity expressed by
numbers. It was a very solemn seal, set to our labours in
this land, and one not to be forgotten. So our Lord helped
us, and regarded me, His poor servant, in my low estate;
afterwards, peace was, in no common degree, my portion.
Blessed be the name of the Lord. All my dear companions,
William Allen, my brother, and the younger of the party,
Lucy Bradshaw and my dear niece, appeared happy and
cheerful. I returned thanks on sitting down to a refreshing
meal, after the labours of the day: and I think I may say
we ate our "meat with gladness and singleness of heart."
This very important journey was now nearly concluded —
many religious Meetings had been held, which have not
been particularly alluded to in this brief sketch-at Amsterdam, Brussels, the Hague, Zwolle, Hanover, Berlin, &c.
The travellers had been much united in feeling one with
another. William Allen's journal records, from place to
place, the preciousness of Elizabeth Fry's gospel laboursthe power and sweetness that attended them, and the
reaching effect produced.
On arriving in England, she writes:We had a pleasant journey through Liege to Antwerp,
71




562         LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.             [1840.
where we were cordially received by some of our dear friends
in that place, who appeared to have been deeply impressed
by our last visit. We had a solemn time after our reading
in the morning, at Ostend, the last reading we had of this
kind, in which I very earnestly and fervently prayed for my
most tenderly-beloved brother, that the sacrifice he had thus
made in his Lord's service, and all he had so liberally done for
us, as His servants, might bring blessing to his own soul, and
a large portion of the unsearchable riches of Christ. I prayed
for his dear daughter, that the experience of this journey
might be greatly blessed to her soul. I prayed for William
Allen, that now, in his latter days, he might more and more
be filled with, and spread the glorious truths of the Gospel,
in their fulness, freeness, and universality. I prayed for
Lucy Bradshaw also, and for the servants, that the journey
might be blessed to them; and lastly, for my poor unworthy
self, that I might be kept by the Lord, humble, faithful,
trustful, and more devoted to Him and His service. It was
as a spiritual farewell, and break up of this most interesting
expedition. Our voyage was calm and beautiful. I return
in a delicate state of health, and very weak in spirits, but
deeply feeling my Lord's mercies towards me.
In reference to this- parting and solemn hour, William
Allen writes: "It was a most sweet and precious opportunity."  "Dear E. J. F. prayed sweetly," and "gave
utterance to a solemn feeling of thanksgiving."
In the course of this journey, Elizabeth Fry had experienced less difficulty than she anticipated from her entire
ignorance of the German language, partly from the assistance of her companions, but even more from the efficient
interpretation of like-minded persons, who arose for her
help, as she passed on from place to place. She had also
been furnished with a document, very useful to her, by the
Chevalier Bunsen, at that time Prussian Minister at Berne.
This truly excellent christian gentleman proved to her a very




1840.]     LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                563
valuable and important helper in her arduous mission. But
her dependence was not on man. She trusted in her God —
she was preserved by her deep humility-she was strengthened by the spirit of constant and fervent prayer.
On their return from this Continental tour, both William
Allen and Elizabeth Fry appeared considerably enfeebled in
health, and the anxiety of their friends was consequently excited. They reached home two days previous to the Yearly
Meeting.
Upton, 19th.-I attended the first sitting of the Select
Yearly Meeting yesterday. My lot was to sit in silence. I
saw many much loved by me. May my most gracious Lord
help me by His own Spirit at this Yearly Meeting, fully,
simply, and clearly to lay what I think and feel before this
people; that which is right for the aged and more. experienced, before them, and that which is for the youth, before
them.  Gracious Lord, help me to do it in faithfulness, in
love, in truth, in deep humility and godly sincerity. Amen.
We have had altogether a favorable reply to our letter from
the King of Prussia; he justifies the measures pursued
towards the Lutherans, but I believe our address will not be
in vain. We have had satisfactory reports, of the Government already acting on our suggestions respecting the prisons
in Prussia. The prisoners are to have more religious instruction, and more inspection. I have also had a very interesting letter from the Queen of Denmark, expressing real regret
at our not going there, and not only great desire to see me
there, but much unity with my views on many subjects.
She believed it her duty to unite with William Allen in
having a Meeting with the youth of our religious Society,
then in attendance at the Yearly Meeting.
25th.-Before breakfast-I am in a strait. 0, my gracious
Lord! be Thou my Helper, my Guide, my Counsellor, and
my Defence: keep me, I pray Thee, from the most weighty
service before me, unless it be really and truly Thy call, and




564       LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.              [1840.
if it be Thy call, fit me for it, by Thine own Spirit, and
Thine own power; and touch my lips, as with a live coal
from Thine altar; and may I be qualified t6 speak the word
in season to those who need it. Anoint Thou the tongue
to speak, and the ear to hear. Grant this prayer for Thine
own sake.
Fifth-day morning, 28th.-The Yearly Meeting has cordially united in William Allen and myself having a Meeting
for the young people. It is appointed for this evening, which
I much regret, as my children cannot attend it, but I must
commit all to my Lord.
Time did not admit of her absent children being informed
of this Meeting. It proved a very solemn and favoured
one-truly an answer to her humble, but fervent petitions.
Eighth MJonth, 6th. —There has been some fear of a war
with France, which has been really sorrowful to me; I could
have wept at the thoughts; so dear are the people of that
country to my heart, and so awful is it to think of the horrors
of war, whichever way we look at the subject, religiously,
morally, or physically. The longer I live, and the greater
my experience of life, the more decided are my objections
to war, as wholly inconsistent with the Christian calling.
0, may the Almighty grant, that through His Omnipotence,
and unutterable love and mgrcy in Christ our Saviour, the
day, may not be very far distant, when the people shall
learn war no more,-when peace and righteousness shall
reign in the earth.
Earlham, Eighth Month, 21st.-My dearest brother Joseph
is safely returned home, after his absence of three years, on
his religious visit to America, and the West India Islands.
I think I never saw any person in so perfectly peaceful a
state: he says, unalloyed peace, like a sky without a cloud,
and above all, enabled thankfully to enjoy his many blessings.
Twelfth Month, 3lst.-I deeply feel coming to the close
of this year, rather unusually so, it finds me in a low estate,
and from circumstances, my spirit is rather overwhelmed,




184:1.]    LIF E OF ELIZABET H FRY.               565
although I am sensible that blessings abound through unmerited mercy. I think the prison cause at home and abroad
much prospering, many happy results from our foreign expedition, and much doing at home. Among other things,
the establishment of a Patronage Society for prisoners, by
which many poor wanderers appear to be helped and protected, and a Society for Sisters of Charity to visit and attend
the sick.
Elizabeth Fry's habitual acquaintance with the chamber
of sickness, and with scenes of suffering and death had taught
her the necessity that exists for a class of women to attend
upon such, altogether different from, and superior to, the
hireling nurses that are generally to be obtained. Her
communications with Pastor Fliedner, and all she learned
from him personally, and by letter, of his establishment at
Kaiserswerth, and above all her own visit to that remarkable
institution, stimulated her desire to attempt something of the
kind in England. Her own occupations being too urgent
and numerous to allow of much prsonal attention, the plan
was undertaken, and on a small scale carried into effect, by
her sister, Elizabeth Gurney, with the assistance of her
daughters, &c. The Queen Dowager kindly became Patroness, and with Lady Inglis as President, and an effective
committee to conduct the management of the institution, it
has steadily advanced and prospered.
Some misconception having arisen as to the nature of the
plan, it was found desirable to change the designation of
these " Protestant Sisters of Charity," and to appropriate to
them the appellation of "Nursing Sisters."  Their aid in
sickness has been sought and greatly valued by persons of all
classes, from Royalty to the most destitute.
One of Elizabeth Fry's sons was, during the spring of
1841, very seriously ill. As he recovered, her youngest
daughter was becoming much indisposed.
During the Yearly Meeting, Elizabeth Fry writes:



566        LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.    [1841.
Upton, Flfth Month, 23rd, First-day. —The last week has
been a serious one, attendance of the Yearly Meeting difficult, from Louisa's illness and other causes.
25th. —Yesterday, I accompanied Hannah Backhouse into
the Men's Meeting.  When she had spoken, I rose, saying,
that I feared to make any addition, but that I had a few
hints to offer. After expressing my earnest desire that they
might all be washed and sanctified, and justified in the name
of the Lord Jesus, and by the Spirit of our God, I began with
my hints. I said my views of the state of the Society were not
so discouraging as those of many others. I remembered, that
our first Friends were gathered out of various religious denominations, and from the most spiritual of these, therefore,
they were a spiritual and seeking people; but in our day, most
were Friends from birth and education, and not conviction,
though I believed there were really spiritual ones amongst us;
but I saw much wanting, arising, partly from these causes, first,
the tendency to be a formal people, resting in a high spiritual
profession, like the foolish virgins, with lamps, but no oil in
them; this did much harm. Then I feared, being so much a
commercial people, that there were too many who bowed to
the idols of gold and silver, and this hindered their serving
only the living God; but above all, I apprehended that too
many grieved, quenched, and resisted the Holy Spirit of
God, and this was most injurious to us. I feared an unwillingness to be taught the first simple lessons of the Spirit,
because humbling to the human heart, and that this hindered
arriving at greater knowledge. I thought our deficiencies
in faith and practice much to arise from this quenching the
Holy Spirit. I believed if there was more faithfulness at
all times and in all places-in the Market-place —in the
Counting-house-they would be preachers of righteousness,
and there would be judges raised up as at the first, and counsellors as at the beginning; that we should as a people, arise,
shine, and show that the glory of the Lord had risen upon
us, and that we should uphold our important testimonies in
the spirit of wisdom and meekness. I also showed those




1841.]      LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.               567
who were young, how gently our Lord dealt with us, how
He fitted us for His own work,- how He gave us, not the
spirit of fear, but of love, and of power, and of a sound
mind. I also expressed my desire for all those engaged in
the discipline, that their spirits might be covered with charity,
that they might seek to restore the offender, remembering
themselves, lest they should also be tempted, and that they
might be enabled to strengthen the things that remain, that
were ready to die. I concluded by expressing my desire,
that all might fill their places in the militant Church on
earth, and eventually join the Church triumphant in Heaven,
in never-ending rest, joy and glory.
This visit to the Men's Meeting was a solemn and deeply
instructive one. Both the dear friends were enabled to
minister in the demonstration of the Spirit. But, although
Elizabeth Fry's communication had been attended with much
power and unction, she reviewed it with discouraging apprehensions; and, to a friend who had accompanied these two
beloved sisters, she wrote some days afterwards: " I wish to
have thy real opinion of H. C. Backhouse's and my visit to
the Men's Meeting. I have sometimes feared about it lest
any harm should have been done to the cause of truth and
righteousness.  Fears often creep in with me after weighty
services, because I so abundantly know the weakness of the
instrument through which the anointing flows. I feel encompassed with infirmity-a poor worm of the dust. Pray
for my direction, as to my further going out, and coming in."
Sixth Month, 5th. —Our dearest Louisa decidedly mending.
The query now comes closely home, Am I called again to
the Continent or not?  Gracious Lord, I earnestly pray
Thee, for Thine own name' sake, to make my way plain
before me, and through the power of Thine own Spirit, to
make me perfectly willing to go, or to stay, to do or to suffer, to be something, or nothing, exactly as Thou mayst see
good for myself, or on account of others. I do commit myself, my all, and Thy cause which I love, to Thy most Holy
keeping and direction. Amen.




1841-1843. Leaves home for the Continent-Rotterdam-The Hagus
-Amsterdam-Bremen - Hamburg - Copenhagen- Minden and
Pyrmont - Hanover - Berlin - Silesia - Returns home-LynuEarlham.-Winter at home-King of Prussia in England-Autumn
at Cromer-Fishermen's Reading Room-Results of Christian
efforts-Return by West Norfolk to Upton Lane-Death of a Granddaughter-Last visit to France-Female Prisons at Clermont, Paris,
&c.-Interviews with many interesting Persons —Returns home —
Meeting of "Ladies' British Society."
ALTHOUGH Elizabeth Fry had so repeatedly visited the
Continent, and had so abundantly laboured in different nations, to spread the knowledge of the truth, and to encourage
amongst the various classes of the people-especially those
in most influential positions-a spirit of active benevolence,
and efforts for the reform of many and serious evils, she did
not feel that she had accomplished all that had been contemplated, as amongst the duties required of her.  Her health
had suffered much from a life of continuous exertion, and
she shrunk from the fatigues that she well knew must be
encountered in such a mission; and it was but too evident
that her bodily powers were becoming greatly enfeebled.
Yet it was not because the shades of evening were gathering
around her, that she would slacken her labours for the good
of others. Whilst it was yet day, she desired to work and
to finish all that her great Master might have for her to do,
before the night should come, in which no man can work.
(Previous to Ratcliff Monthly Jeeting,) Sixth MJonth, she
writes: —I most earnestly desire the direction of my Lord
and Master, through the immediate teaching of His Holy
(568)




1841.]     LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  PRY.                569
Spirit, that I may really know and do His will and His
will only. For Thy Name' sake, 0 Lord! lead me and teach
me. Am I once more to lay before the members of our little
portion of Thy Church, my apprehended call of duty to go
abroad? I earnestly pray Thee, if it be Thy call, make
it very clear: if it be not, let me certainly know it, gracious
Lord, that not my will, but Thine be done. Amen.
27th, First-day.-After most deeply weighing the subject,
and after very earnest prayer for direction, I felt best satisfied to inform, my friends of my belief that it might be right
for me to accompany my dearest brother Joseph to the Continent, and to visit some of the more northern countries of
Europe. I had very decided encouragement from Friends,
particularly the most spiritual amongst them, which I felt
helpful to me; but I was surprised at the degree of relief
and peace that I felt afterwards, as from a voice before me,
saying, "This is the way, walk in it."
Seventh MIonth, 28th, Second-day.-I had, on Seventhday, letters from the Queen of Prussia, and the Princess
William. The first expressing much satisfaction at our proposed visit; our way is clearly open in her heart, and that of
the King.
My sister Gurney, and our dear friend Charlotte Upcher,
went with me to the Bishop of London on Sixth-day, on the
subject of the "Sisters of Charity." It has been a great
pleasure to me, the Queen Dowager giving her name as
Patroness.
Upton, Seventh MJonth, 30th.-All difficulties and obstructions, which have been serious and numerous, are removed,
as far as I can see; the way is made plain and open before
us, to set off to-morrow for our visit to Holland, Germany,
Prussia, and Denmark.  My brother Joseph, his daughter
Anna, my dear niece Elizabeth Gurney, and my own maid
go with me, with the prospect of every comfort this life can
afford; and, I humbly trust, the Lord Himself calling us
into His service that His blessing swill be with those who
72




570        LIFE OF ELIZABET   FR Y.             [1841..
stay, and those who go. Grant, gracious Lord, through the
fulness of Thy love, that this may indeed be the case.
The travellers arrived at Rotterdam, on the 31st of Seventh
Month, and passed a tranquil First-day there. In the evening, they held a large Meeting in an apartment of the Hotel;
the following day visited prisons; and on the 2nd of Eighth
Month proceeded to the Hague, whence Elizabeth Fry writes
to her home circle:
You will like to know that, through tender mercy, I was
favoured to feel much rest, refreshment, and peace, at Rotterdam, and much evidence that I was in my right place.
Our visits to the boys' prison at Rotterdam, and to the
women's prison at Gouda, were highly interesting. I find a
second visit to a place much better than a first. We had
two Meetings —one philanthropic, one religious —both well
got through, and a large attendance. I felt in leaving the
place much comfort and satisfaction.
When we arrived at the Hague, our kind friend Lady
Disbrowe, (the wife of the British Minister,) and Sir Alexander and Lady Malet, received us cordially. We divided
our evening between Sir Edward Disbrowe's and our hotel,
having a party for us by accident, in each place; on the
whole both passed off very well, and many appeared to be
very glad to see us again. We sent our letters to the King
from Prince Albert. On Sixth-day, a message came to desire
that we would wait upon the King and Queen the next day,
at half-past one o'clock, accompanied by Lady Disbrowe.
We remained with the King and Queen, and their daughter
the Princess Sophia, about an hour. As rather an interesting
event in my life, I mean to tell you particulars of this interview. Before we went, we had a solemn, short Meeting for
worship, with our dear and valued friends of this town;
afterwards we prepared to go.
She had, just before leaving home, received from one of
her sons, a present of a neat brown silk dress, and from




1841.]     LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FR Y.               571
another of her family a drab silk shawl. She shows her
recognition of the kindness, by proceeding as followsI was decorated by my best garments outwardly, and I
desired so to be clothed with better ornaments spiritually, as
to render attractive that which I had to recommend. We all
felt very weightily our serious engagement, as we had much
to represent to the King respecting the West Indies, prisons,
and religious education for the people in his own country.
The King, a lively, clever, perfect gentleman, not a large
man, in regimentals; the Queen (sister to the Emperor of
Russia), a fine, stately person, in full and rather beautiful
morning dress of white; the Princess much the same. After
our presentation, the King began easy and pleasant conversation with me, about my visiting prisons. I told him in a
short, lively manner, the history of it; he said, he heard I
had so many children, how could I do it? This I explained;
and mentioned how one of my daughters now helped me in
the Patronage Society. He appeared much interested, as
did the Queen. I then said, my brother had visited the West
Indies, and would be glad to tell the King and Queen the
result of his observations in those islands. This he did capitally, showing the excellency of freedom, and its most happy
results; he represented, also, the sad effects of the Dutch
enlisting soldiers on the Gold Coast, and how it led to evil
and slavery, which so touched the King, that he said he meant
to put a stop to it. I then began again, and most seriously
laid before the King, the sad defect of having no religious
education in their Government Schools, and the Bible not
introduced. He said he really felt it; but what could he do
when there was a law against it? We then endeavoured to
explain how we thought it might be obtained. Our very
serious conversation was mixed with much cheerfulness. I
felt helped to speak very boldly, yet respectfully; so did my
brother. I concluded by expressing my earnest desire that
the King's reign might be marked by the prisons being so
reformed, that punishment might become the means of the




572       LIFE  OF ELIZABETH- PRY.              [1841.
reformation of criminals; by the lower classes being religiously educated; and by the slaves in their colonies being
liberated. The King then took me by the hand, and said
he hoped God would bless me. I expressed my desire, that
the blessing of the Almighty might rest on the King, Queen,
their children, and their children's children. We gave them
books, which they accepted kindly. It certainly was a very
pleasant and satisfactory interview, that I humbly trust, will
not prove in vain in the Lord.
On Sixth-day, with my brother, I visited the Princess of
Orange. We had open, free, pleasant communication on many
important points. The same morning, I visited the Princess
Frederick, sister to the King of Prussia, just out of her confinement. I found her like the other members of that
superior family. My brother, also, had very satisfactory
intercourse with the Princess of Orange. The Ministers of
the Interior and of Finance have been very kind, and we
hope and expect that real good will result. The Princess of
Orange has a lovely little boy about two months older than
our  Prin'tce/ss. The girls went to see him; they accompanied
me to the Princess Frederick, who wished to see them, from
her knowledge of us through the Prussian Court.
On the 7th, they reached Amsterdam, where they remained
four days, visiting the prisons and various public institutions, and holding Meetings for philanthropic and religious
objects. The Lunatic Asylum they found in a deplorable
condition.
Among other miserable objects, one unhappy woman, unclothed, lay grovelling in straw. Whether the look of compassion, or the voice, attracted her, cannot be known; but she
dragged herself, as near as her chains would admit, to her
visitant, and endeavoured to reach her: the hand she desired
to touch was yielded: she kissed it again and again, and burst
into an agony of tears.  How deeply affecting! Will any




1841.]    LIFE OF ELIZABETH:  FlRY.              578
one venture to assert that this poor creature was past all touch
of human feeling,' or the reach of gentle control?
On the 14th, they arrived at excellent quarters, in the
pleasant town of Bremen. The early part of First-day was
spent in retirement, but in the evening there was a very
large Meeting held in the Museum, a noble building near
the hotel. Long before the appointed hour, well-dressed persons proceeded to secure places. Several of the pasteurs were
present. One of them, at the close, arose and beautifully
addressed the missionary brother and sister; expressing his
desire that what had passed might be blessed to the people,
and that they might be themselves blessed. To Elizabeth
Fry he said, your name has long been to us "a word of
beauty." A Christian gentleman wrote to them afterwards,
" [Now I am more than convinced that you are sent to us by
the Lord, to be, and to become, a great blessing, and a salt
to our city." The following morning they went to see the
prison. Bremen is a Hanse Town. An address, embodying
subjects of great importance, was afterwards prepared by
Elizabeth Fry and her brother, and forwarded to the municipal authorities of the place.
When the carriage came to the Hotel door, for their departure, crowds of the lower classes surrounded it, wishing
them a prosperous journey, " bon voyage," thanking them for
the good Meeting they had had the evening before, and begging for tracts: whilst numbers could not be persuaded to
move till Elizabeth Fry had shaken hands with them.
Their little transit across the Elbe would have been delightful, with a splendid setting sun, but for a mob of persons
returning from  Hamburg market, who having discovered
Elizabeth Fry, and her tract bag, so pressed upon her that
she was glad to take refuge in the carriage.
Whilst prisons and public institutions in Hamburg were
visited during the mornings, the evenings were devoted by
Elizabeth Fry and her companions to social intercourse, when
subjects of a benevolent or religious character were discussed,




574       LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.    [1841.
or to appointed Meetings for worship. They held two of
this nature, the last a very large one, in the Assembly Room,
a splendid apartment, fully lighted, and well arranged with
seats. Many of the authorities and principal inhabitants of
Hamburg were present, the English Charge d'Affaires,
the French Charge d'Affaires, Colonel F-, and others.
They were conducted into the Meeting by the Syndic
Sieveking, an eminently excellent man, who led them to a
small platform. Great attention was paid to their communications, and the interpretation was excellent. At the
conclusion, about fifty persons attended them to their apartment, when, after partaking of refreshments, they parted
with regret and affection on all sides.
The following afternoon saw them embarked on the Baltic;
they had a brilliant moonlight night, and an easy, pleasant
voyage to Copenhagen, where they remained a week.
On board the packet after leaving Copenhagen, Eighth
Month, 30th, Elizabeth Fry writes to her family:
We have been favoured to leave Denmark with peaceful
minds, having endeavoured to fulfil our mission, as ability
has been granted us; a more important one, or a more interesting one, I think I never was called into.  On First-day
morning, when we arrived in the harbour, we were met
by Peter Browne, the Secretary to the English Legation, to
inform us that the Queen had engaged for us apartments in
the Hotel Royal. The appearance of the Hotel was, I should
think, like the arrangements of one of our first-rate Hotels
about a hundred years ago.
The next morning the Queen came to town, and we had a
very pleasant and satisfactory interview with her. She certainly is a most delightful woman, as well as a truly Christian
and devoted character; lovely in person, and quite the Queen
in appearance. She took me in her carriage to her infant
school, it really was beautiful to see her surrounded by the
little children, and to hear her translating what I wished to




1841.]    LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                 575
say to them. After staying with her about two hours, we
returned to our Hotel; and that evening took a drive to see
the beautiful Palace of Fredericksburgh, in a most lovely
situation, the beauties of land and sea combined, with fine
forest trees around it.  The following morning we regularly
began our prison visiting; very sad scenes we witnessed in
some of them. We saw hundreds of persons confined for
life in melancholy places; but what occupied our most particular attention, was the state of the persecuted Christians.
We found Baptist ministers, excellent men, in one of the
prisons, and that many others of this sect suffered much in
this country, for there is hardly any religious tolerance. It
produces the most flattening religious influence, I think more
marked than in Roman Catholic countries. We were much
devoted to this service of visiting Prisons. Third and Fourth
days, we received various persons in the evenings, but saw as
yet but few Danes. On Fourth-day, we dined at Sir Henry
Watkyn Wynn's, our ambassador, and here we became acquainted with several persons: they live quite in the country,
and we saw the true Danish country-house and gardens.
The King and Queen were kind enough to invite us all to
dine at their palace in the country, on Fifth-day; this was a
very serious occasion, as we had so much to lay before the
King; —slavery in the West Indies —the condition of the
persecuted Christians here-and the sad state of the prisons.
I was in spirit so weighed down with the importance of the
occasion, that I hardly could enjoy the beautiful scene. We
arrived about a quarter past three o'clock; the Queen met us
with the utmost kindness and condescension, and took us a
walk in their lovely grounds, which are open to the public.
We had much interesting conversation, between French and
English, and made ourselves understood; when our walk was
finished, we were shown into the drawing-room to the King,
who met us very courteously; several were there in attendance. Dinner was soon announced: imagine me, the King
on one side, and the Queen on the other, and only my poor




-576       LIFE  OF ELIZABETH BRY.              [1841.
French to depend upon, but I did my best to tugn the time
to account. At dinner we found the fruit on the table; first
-we had soup of the country, secondly, melons, thirdly, yams,
anchovies, cavia, bread and butter and radishes, then meat,
then -puddings, then fish, then chickens, then game, and so
on. The fashion was to touch glasses; no drinking healths.
The King and Queen touched my glass on both sides; when
dinner was over, we all rose and went out together. The
afternoon was very entertaining, the King and Queen took
us to the drawing-room window, where we were to see a large
school of orphans, proteges of the Queen. I took advantage
of this opportunity, and laid the state of the prisons before
the King, telling him at the same time, that I had a petition
for him, which I meant to make before leaving the palace.
After an amusing time with the poor children, my brother
Joseph withdrew with the King into a private room, where,
for about an hour, he gave him attention, whilst he thoroughly
enlarged upon the state of their West India Islands. I stayed
with the Queen; but after awhile went to them, and did
entreat the King for the poor Baptists in prison, and for religious toleration. I did my best, in few words, to express
my mind, and very strongly I did it. I gave also Luther's,
sentiments upon the subject. We slept at our friends the
Brownes,' a beautiful place by the sea-side. An agreeable
serious gentleman, Julius Schesteed, was our interpreter, and
remained with us, helping us to prepare our document for
the King; he has become our constant companion, and is now
with us in the packet, going to Liibeck, to interpret for us
there. On seventh-day, (one of our fullest days,) we drove
into the country to visit the King's sister, the Landgravine
of Hesse Cassel, the Prince, her husband, brother to the
Duchess of Cambridge, and the lovely Princesses, her daughters. We endeavoured to turn these visits to account, by
our conversation. iIn the evening, we held one of our very
large Meetings. I trust that we were both so helped to
speak the truth in love, on various and very important sub



1841.]     LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.               577
jects, as to assist the causes nearest our hearts, for our poor
fellow-mortals; it did not appear desirable to allude to the
persecuted Christians: as we had laid their case before the
King, we might have done harm by it; but I feel the way in
which Protestant Eur'ope is persecuting, to be a subject that
cannot, and must not, be allowed to rest.
Where we now are, the same old Lutherans, whom we
found persecuted in Prussia, are persecuting others. The
way in which ceremonies are depended upon is wonderful, no
person is allowed to fill any office civilly or religiously, until
confirmed, not even to marry and when once confirmed, we
hear that it leads to a feeling of such security spiritually,
that they think themselves at liberty to do as they like; sadly
numerous are the instances of moral fall! These very weighty
subjects so deeply occupying my attention, and being separated from so many beloved ones, prevent the lively enjoyment I should otherwise feel, in some of the scenes we pass
through; but I see this to be well, and in the right ordering
of Providence. I have the kindest attendants, and everything to make me comfortable.
On First-day morning, we had a very interesting Meeting
with the poor Baptists. We then again went into the country, to lay all our statements before the King and Queen.
I read the one about the prisons and the persecuted Christians;
and my brother read the one about the West Indies: we had
had them translated into Danish, for the King to read at the
same time. After pressing these things as strongly as we felt
right, we expressed our religious concern and desires for the
King and Queen. I read a little to them in one of Paul's
Epistles; after that I felt that I must commit them, and these
important causes, to Him who can alone touch the heart.
We had a very handsome luncheon, when I was again seated
between the King and Queen. I may say their kindness
was very great to me.
On Second-day morning, we formed a Society for attending
to poor prisoners-gentlemen and ladies; and then paid a
73




578        LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.             [1841.
most delightful farewell religious visit, to the Queen and
Princess. I forgot to mention a very interesting visit to the
Queen Dowager.
We arrived at Liibeck, after a calm voyage; but I do not
like nights in steam-packets. I believe that we were sent
to Copenhagen for a purpose. May our unworthy labours
be blessed to the liberation of many captives, spiritually and
temporally.
May the God of peace be near to all of you, and to us, as
our continual Keeper and Helper.
Farewell, in most tender and near love to all.
Yours indeed, and in truth,
ELIZABETH FRY.
By Liibeck they returned to Hamburg; thence Elizabeth
Fry wrote to her family:
Hamburg, Ninth Month, 3rd.
We last night finished our labours in these Hanse Towns.
We have laboured in them in various ways, particularly in
this large and important town. We have boldly set our faces
against religious persecution, and upheld religious toleration
and Christian unity in the Church of Christ. We have also
laboured about their prisons, and expect to have many evils
mitigated. It is extraordinary, the good fellowship and love
that we have enjoyed with numbers. In a spiritual sense,
fathers, mothers, brothers and sisters given to us, and helpers
most curiously and constantly raised up, from place to place.
From Hamburg, by Minden and Pyrmont, they pursued
their way to Hanover. At the latter place Elizabeth Fry
writes to her youngest daughter.
Hanover, Ninth Month, 9th, 1841
I cannot express the fulness of my love and interest for
my children in their different allotments, and how often I




1841.]      LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.               579
think )f you and your families before the Lord, in my quiet
meditations.  We arrived here, after finishing our interesting and satisfactory visits to our dear Friends at Minden and
Pyrmont. I felt it refreshing, being again with these dear
simple-hearted people, and I do think they are useful in their
allotment.  How much I should like you to have seen us
dining with them at Friedensthal; such a numerous family,
grandmother, children, grandchildren, in a large room, and a
beautiful and.most hospitable German dinner. We not only
were favoured with outward refreshment, but it reminded me
of the disciples formerly, who went from house to house,
breaking bread and giving thanks; and I desired that we
might do as they did, " eat our meat with gladness and singleness of heart." I hope there was something of this spirit.
The country lovely. I re'tired for rest onf a little German
bed, whilst my companions took a ride on horseback, over
the beautiful hills.  We had a very interesting Meeting,
largely attended by the company who come here to drink the
waters, and by the Pyrmontese.  At Minden, the Friends
are in more humble life. I could not but be struck with the
peculiar contrast of my circumstances; in the morning traversing the bad pavement of a street in Minden, with a poor
old Friend in a sort of knitted cap, close to her head, in the
evening surrounded by the Prince and Princesses of a German court; for to our surprise, Dr. Julius's sister followed
us to Minden, to inform us that in the town of Biickeburg,
that we had passed through, there was a desire expressed
that we should hold a Meeting, and that the reigning Princess wished us to go to the palace. After some consideration
we agreed to go, and upon our arrival in the town, found a
large Meeting of the gentry assembling; some time afterwards the Prince and Princesses and their family came in.
They rule the state of Lippe Schonenburg, one of the small,
rich German states. I endeavoured to speak the truth boldly
in love, drawing results from my experience in prisons, and
seeking, as ability was granted me, to bring it home to the




580       LIFE OF ELI'ZABETH  FRY.               [1841.
hearts of those present. Your uncle also spoke to the same
purpose. Afterwards we had a very agreeable visit to the
palace, where we were most cordially received, and had tea
at five o'clock; there were many to meet us. After this singular visit, we proceeded here, but did not arrive till past
twelve o'clock at night, having had two Meetings at Minden,
and one at Biickeburg. We were completely tired; almost
too much so. To-day we are busy here, and I am delighted to
find the dear late Queen really had the chains knocked off the
poor prisoners at Hameln; it was a delightful sight to see their
happy, grateful faces. They looked as if they knew that we
had pleaded for them. I think it was one of the pleasantest
visits I ever paid, and to find that the prisoners had behaved
so well since, and that the kindness shown them had had so
good an effect.  Wre are now much occupied in answering
an interesting letter from the King of Hanover to me, and
as I have many weighty things to say to him, I fear I must
leave off, being very tired, and expecting a large party this
evening.
The evening proved particularly satisfactory.  Elizabeth
Fry and her brother, met both the gentlemen and the ladies'
Committees for visiting prisons. A day of very hard travelling brought them to Magdeburgh, and a second, by railroad
diverging to visit Wittenburg, to Berlin. Numerous objects
awaited their attention in that city; not the less weighty to
Elizabeth Fry, from having been there before and made so
many acquaintances; besides the additional interest which
she felt in Institutions already known to her.
The state of the prisons was, of course, her chief object of
attention.  She and her brother prepared recommendations
to lay before General Thile, Minister of the Royal House,
embodying their observations and opinions, and urging the
necessity of many alterations before real improvement could
be effected. The Prussian Royal Family were, at the time,
in Silesia; thither the travellers had been invited to follow
them, for there were those amongst them, who considered




1841.]      LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                    581
that the retirement of that district, would be well suited
for the consideration of Elizabeth Fry's important objects.
The prospect of going thither was weightily felt by her.
She had, naturally, the fear of man deeply implanted in her
character. Religion had changed its direction, but not eradicated it. It was no longer for herself that she was afraid: it
was for the cause' sake to which her heart was given: for
amongst these royal and noble personages she dreaded, in
either herself or her companions, anything that might not
adorn the doctrine of God her Saviour. She soon discovered
that she had come amongst Christians, many of them devoted,
like herself, to the service of their Maker. Amongst the
members of the House of Brandenburg, she found many excellent persons.
No record of this time, singular and important as it was,
exists of her own writing, excepting a letter to her grandchildren. But the deficiency is well supplied from the journal
of one of her companions: —'"It was on the 10th of the Ninth Month that the travellers arrived
at Hirschberg; a beautiful little village, inhabited by a clean and
very respectable class of peasantry.  It is situated about eight miles
from the Royal residences of Ermansdorf, Fischbach, and Schildau;
and is nearly equi-distant from Buchwald, the home of the Countess
Reden, of whose Christian character and benevolence Elizabeth Fry
had often before heard. The King and Queen were at that time
residing at Ermansdorf. At Fischbach lived Prince and Princess
William, (the uncle and aunt of the Queen,) with their sons Prince
Waldemar and Prince Adelbert, and their daughter Princess Mary,
now Queen of Bavaria. -Prince Charles, brother of the King, was
also on a visit to Fischbach.  The sister of the King, and her husband, Prince and Princess Frederick of the Netherlands, with their
daughter Princess Louisa, were then residing at Schildau.'" To many of the Royal family, Elizabeth Fry had been introduced
in the previous year at Berlin, and the Princess Frederic of the
Netherlands had been visited by her at her own beautiful home near
the Hague some time before. It was a lovely spot in which Elizabeth




582         LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                   [1841,
Fry now found her tent pitched for a while. To a mere passing
traveller there was much to delight and to please; but still more of
deep interest to those who could, in any degree, enter into the
Royal domestic circles there assembled, and this Elizabeth Fry was
privileged to do, with much enjoyment, and with an earnest desire
to be permitted to be useful and faithful, in all her intercourse with
them. The morning was usually passed in writing and preparing
important documents on the Prison, Slavery, and other questions;
and the afternoon in some visit to one of the palaces, which had
been previously arranged.  The First-day was replete with interest.
In the early part of it, it was necessary to finish an address to
the King on Religious Toleration, and on matters connected with
Prisons.
"Elizabeth Fry was, at that time, suffering from great debility and
fatigue; but a power, not her own, seemed granted her to rise above
her infirmities, andto meet the various duties, which on that day were
given her to fulfil.  It is only those who held intimate communication with her at these times, who can, in any measure, understand.
the extreme nervousness of her constitution on the one hand, or on
the other, the amount of strength granted her in every time of need.
She prayed that in nothing might she seek herself, in all Christ
Jesus; and that all which He laid upon her for His glory, and the
good of her fellow-creatures, she. might rightly and faithfully perform.  The long and interesting papers which had been prepared for
the King, were again perused during the drive to Princess William's
Palace, which was reached about one o'clock, she having called on
the way. at Buchwald, for the excellent Countess, whose ever ready
aid was given to support and help her, and who, in the present instance, interpreted Elizabeth Fry's words for the Princess.  Many
other ladies were assembled at the Palace, and after some conversation of a general nature, every one remained in silence, to listen
to what she might have to say to them.  This opportunity of addressing Gospel truth to such a company, she dared not pass by; every
word appeared to be listened to, with the deepest attention, by all
present. She spoke of the importance of upholding a religious
standard in the world; of making a final and decisive choice in
these important matters; of taking Christ as the only portion, and
rejecting all besides.  She impressed upon her hearers the duties,
incumbent on persons of a higher class, of using their influence with




1841.]        LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                 583
others for good, and not for evil. She spoke of the privilege of
possessing such means of usefulness. Very solemnly she urged upon
all heads of large establishments, the vast amount of responsibility
entrusted to them; the prevention of crime, and the good to be
-derived even by silent example, and by the daily reading of the
Holy Scriptures to the assembled family.  She added an account of
the experience of many prisoners, as to the blessing of being placed
in professedly religious families, and the awful temptations presented
to the servants of those who take no care for their souls, and are
neglecting their eternal interests. Many tears were shed on this
occasion, and all seemed anxious to share her sympathy and love.
" During her stay in Silesia, Elizabeth Fry had opportunities of'
intercourse with the poor Tyrolese, who having fled from their native
Zillerthal, on account of the religious persecution which they endured
from the Austrian Government, had thrown themselves under the
protection of the late King of Prussia; and, by him, had been
placed under the care of the Countess Reden, who had proved herself indeed a nursing mother to them. It will be necessary to take
a hasty review of the history of these Zillerthalians, in order rightly
to estimate the deep interest excited in Elizabeth Fry's mind on
their behalf."
These people had become, through reading the Bible and
other religious books, converts from the Roman Catholic
faith to Protestantism. After much patient suffering, they
were commanded by the Austrian Government to quit their
native land within four months.  The late King of Prussia
warmly sympathised with them, and gave permission for the
emigration of the Zillerthalians into Prussia: he was willing
to receive them all.
"' The Zillerthalians hastened to complete their preparations; and
fourteen days before the expiration of the four months, the first division- of the wanderers commenced their journey; old age and
infancy, manhood and gentle woman, alike leaving their beloved
homes, and turning their faces to the asylum opened for them by the
compassion of their noble protector. Very touching was the detail
of their pilgrimage, most affecting and instructive their patience,
their courage, their simple faith. Their new home lay in the domain




584         LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                [1841.
of Ermansdorf, where each obtained a house and farm suitable to his
means, and his former position in the Tyrol.  The colony itself
has received the name of their old home, Zillerthal. The Countess
of Reden was appointed to attend to their necessities. She had
cottages built for them in the true Swiss style, with large balconies
and long roofs, and established for them schools, and, in every possible way, employed and instructed them. Ever thoughtful of their
interests, the Countess invited them to come to Buchwald on that
evening to receive encouragement and comfort from Elizabeth Fry;
she having expressed her anxious wish to hold with them some
communication in Christian love. A meeting was appointed for
them on this First-day evening. The King and Queen and other
members of the Royal family arrived to attend it.  At length
came the exiles from Zillerthal, forming a curious and picturesque
group, dressed in the costume of their country.  Both men and
women in dark green cloth clothes, and high-pointed hats, many
of the latter ornamented with garlands and nosegays of flowers.
A long table was placed at one end of the room, at which the Zillerthalians sat, and in front of it was a Moravian brother, for whom
the good Countess had sent forty miles, to act as interpreter. On
the right hand of the table were seated the Royal family and
others, and many persons stood crowding round the door.  It
would be scarcely possible to describe the deep interest of that
whole group, or the solemn silence which prevailed when Elizabeth
Fry began to speak.
"After J. J. Gurney had, in a few words, prepared the way for
her, she rose with much solemnity and earnestness. Never did
she address any assembly more beautifully, with more unction, or
more truly from the depths of her heart, and no audience could
have given more profound attention to every word she uttered.
She invited them all to a close dependence upon Jesus Christ, and
urged a full, firm, and constant trust in Him, as their Lord and
their Saviour, their King and their God.
"With her usual clearness and power, each individual, each
class present, seemed included in her address. It was the first
occasion on which she had seen the King since his accession to the
throne, and she knew, too, that it was the first time of his meeting
many there present, as their sovereign.  Her words of sympathy
to him, on the death of his father, and her estimate of his present




1841.]       LIFE OF ELIZABETH PRY.                  585
important position in Europe, which she spoke for herself, as well
as for those about her, were beautifully adapted to the occasion.
Joseph John Gurney added a few words; afterwards a hymn was
sung, led by the Moravian Brethren; and then the Tyrolese departed. Every one flocked around her with a word of love or kindness, but none expressed more interest, or more gratitude, than the
King himself."
How does the contemplation of such out-pourings of divine
love, amongst the people of a strange language, composed
of so great a variety of class and condition, raise in the heart
the fervent glow of adoring gratitude to Him, with whom
"there is no respect of persons" —in whose holy sight all
merely external circumstances-all mere outward forms, with
the differing shades of religious opinion, are but as the mist
before the sun, and who regards, with equal acceptance, all
those who fear Him and work righteousness. May He be
graciously pleased to hasten the day, when His children, of
every nation, kindred, tongue, and people, shall, as one
household of faith, become united in Jesus; according to
His sacred petition,'"As Thou, Father, art in me, and I in
Thee, that they also may be one in us."
On the following day, the travellers dined at Fischbach,
where Elizabeth Fry again met the King, and then came
the leave-taking, always so sad, when the probabilities of
life afford little expectation of meeting again on this side
the eternal world.
From this place she wrote to her Grandchildren:Fischbach.
Instead of my private journal, I am disposed to write to
you from this very lovely and interesting place.  I am not
very well in health, but I may thankfully acknowledge, that
although tried by it for a while, such sweet peace was granted
me that I was permitted to feel it sleeping, as well as waking;
so that I may say, my Lord restored my soul, and I fully ex.
pect is healing, and will heal, my body. I think a more
interesting neighbourhood I never heard of, than the one we
74




586         LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.             [1841.
are in. These lovely'mountains have beautiful palaces scattered about them.  One belonging to the King, others to
Prince William, Prince Frederick, and other Princes and
Princesses, not royal; besides several to the nobility; but
what delights my heart is, that almost all these palaces are
inhabited by Christian families-some, of most remarkable
brightness. Then we find a large establishment, with numerous cottages in the Swiss style, inhabited by a little colony
of Tyrolese. They fled from Zillerthal, because they suffered
so much on account of their religious principles, being Protestants.  The late King of Prussia allowed them to take
refuge in these mountains, and built them these beautiful
cottages.  We therefore rejoice' in the belief, that in the cottages, as well as the palaces, there are many faithful servants
of the Lord Jesus Christ.  This evening we are to hold a
Meeting for such as can attend, at the mansion of the Countess Reden, who is like a mother in Israel, to rich and poor.
We dined at her castle yesterday.  I think the palaces, for
simple country beauty, exceed anything I ever saw; the
drawing-rooms are so filled with flowers, that they are like
greenhouses, beautifully built, and with the finest views of
the mountains.  We dined at the Princess Williamn's with
several of the Royal Family; the Queen came afterwards;
she appeared much pleased at my delight on hearing that the
King had stopped religious persecutions in the country, and
that several other things had been improved since our ilast
visit. It is a very great comfort to believe, that our efforts
for the good of others have been blessed-may we be thankful enough for it. Yesterday, we paid a very interesting
visit to the Queen, then to Prince Frederick of Holland and
his Princess, sister to the King of Prussia; with her we had
much serious conversation upon many important subjects, as
we had also with the Queen. Dined early at the Countess
Reden's. The Princess William, and her daughter the Princess Mary, joined us in the afternoon, with several others.
How delighted you would be with the Countess and her sis



1841.]    LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                587
ter; they show the beauty of holiness. Although looked up
to by all, they appear so humble, so moderate in every thing.
I think the Christian ladies on the Continent dress far more
simply than those in England.  The Countess appeared very
liberal, but extravagant in nothing. A handsome dinner;
but only one sort of wine, and all accordingly. To please us,
she had apple-dumplings, which were thought quite a curiosity, and they really were very nice. The company stood
still before and after dinner, instead of saying grace.
Afternoon.-We are just returned from Prince William's,
where we have had a Meeting of a very interesting nature.
Many ladies were assembled to meet us, that I might give
them some account of my experience in prisons. Your uncle
added some account of his journey in the West Indies. We
expressed our desire that the blessing of God might be with
them. Great love was shown us: indeed, they treat me more
like a sister than a poor, humble individual, as I feel myself
to be. On our return we met the King: we rather expect
he will be at our Meeting at the Countess Reden's this
evening.
Second-day morning.-We returned from our interesting
Meeting at the Countess's about eleven o'clock in the evening.
The Royal Family were assembled, and numbers pf the nobility; after a while the King and Queen arrived. The poor
Tyrolese flocked in numbers. I doubt such a Meeting ever
having been held before, anywhere-the curious mixture of
all ranks andp onditions. My poor heart almost failed me.
Most earnestly did I pray for best Help, and not unduly to
fear man. The Royal Family sat together, or nearly so; the
King and Queen, Princess William, Princess Frederick,
Princess Mary, Prince William, Prince Charles, brother to
the King, Prince Frederick of the Netherlands, young Prince
William; besides several other Princes and Princesses, not
royal. They began with a hymn in German. Your uncle
Joseph spoke for a little while, explaining our views on worship. Then I enlarged upon the changes that had taken




588         LIFE  OF ELIZABETH FRY.             [t-4 1.
place since I was last in Prussia, mentioned the late King's
kindness to these poor Tyrolese in their afiition and distress: afterwards addressed these poor people, and then those
of high rank, and felt greatly helped to speak the truth to
them in love. They appeared very attentive and feeling. I
also, at the close of my exhortation, expressed my prayer for
them. Then your uncle Joseph spoke fully on the great
truths of the Gospel, and'showed that the prince, as well as
the peasant, would have to give an account of'himself to
God., In conclusion, he expressed his prayer for them.
They finished with another hymn. It was a solemn time.
We afterwards had interesting conversation for about an
hour. When the King and Queen were gone, we were
enabled to pray with the Countess, for herself and her sister,
that all their labours in the Lord's service might be blessed.
Now, my much-loved grandchildren, let me remind you that
we must be humbled, and take up the cross of Christ, if we
desire to be made use of by our Lord; "Him that honoureth
me, I will honour." May you confess your Lord before men,
and He will then assuredly confess and honour you. I can
assure you, when surrounded by so many who are willing to
hear me, I feel greatly humbled.
I wish dear Frank to read this, as my eldest grandchild,
and one in whom I take so tender an interest. Indeed, my
beloved grandchildren, you dwell very near my heart; may
the same Holy Spirit who has yelped and guided your grandmother, help and guide you!
May the Lord bless you and keep you, and raise you up
for His own service; for it is a most blessed service. Dearest
love to your fathers and mothers,
I am,
Your most loving grandmother,
E. F.
It was on this occasion the Princess William gave an
account of the great prison at Jauer, and the King expressed




1841.]      LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.             589
a strong wish that Elizabeth Fry should see-it, though considerably out of her route. This visit was afterwards accomplished. It proved one of mournful interest. In one cell
was a murderer, in another a man of well-known desperate
character; they were both most cruelly fettered, to prevent
their escape through the window; each was fastened to an
iron staple in the floor, with a heavy iron bar across the
shoulder, to make any movement irksome. Their condition
was afterwards represented by Elizabeth Fry to the King,
who ordered their chains to be lightened, and commanded
that immediate attention should be paid to their health, &c,
Many of the prisoners on this occasion were assembled it
the chapel, when both J. J. Gurney and Elizabeth Fry spok
to them at considerable length. Their addresses were in
terpreted by the 5Moravian brother from Buchwald, whose
attendance at the prison had been commanded by the King,
for that purpose.
Extract from a letter to her youngest sonErmansdorf, Nrinth Month, 20th.
This morning we visited the King and Queen, after our
very interesting Meeting last evening which they attended,
at the Countess Reden's; a Meeting never to be forgotten. We went with a long document to the King
and Queen about the prisons, and various other subjects;
we were received with the utmost kindness, and remained
with them nearly two hours and a half. We also had a
reading of the Holy Scriptures, and I prayed for them. We
parted in love......  I wish I could fully describe the
deep interest we have had in this journey, and how marked
has been the kindness of Providence towards us, in many
ways, and how blessed his service is. I certainly think the
inhabitants of the mountains of Silesia the most interesting
and curious assemblage of persons that I ever met with.
We, from this place, see those beautiful mountains, the
Reisenberg, in their splendour, the morning being very fine




590        LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.            [1841.
and bright; probably the last time I shall ever see them —
though the King and Queen begged me to return; but this
I never expect to do, for I find the roughs of the journey
are, with all my numerous indulgences, far too much for me,
and I often feel very nearly ill. I think through all, I have
seldom had more reason to believe that I have been called to
any service.
Elizabeth Fry's health, which had, for a considerable time
appeared increasingly enfeebled, became more seriously affected; and it appeared right to proceed towards Ostend,
whence they sailed to Dover on the 2nd of Tenth Month.
There Elizabeth Fry was met by her husband, who was little
prepared for the debilitated state in which she was brought
back to him. At Ramsgate, where her eldest daughter awaited
her, she remained, till she could be moved without material
suffering. Her son William was at that time residing at
Upton Lane, whilst his own house was undergoing some
alterations. She stayed a few days with him and his family,
and then, with great difficulty, she was conveyed into Norfolk, where, for many reasons, she was particularly anxious
to go.
The state of her mind on returning from this Continental
visit, during which she had been so much sought after by
the great ones of this world, strikingly evinced, that she
desired not "the honour that cometh from man," but that
true honour which is the companion of humility, and which
"' cometh from God only."
In a letter to an intimate friend-referring to her indisposition-she wrote, shortly after her return home, as follows —
I desire for myself, and those who love me, that we may
altogether leave my state of health to Him, who knows best
what is best for me, and could immediately heal me, if He
saw it best to do so. What a mercy I suffer so little, and have
so many hours of rest, ease, and peace! It is good, now and
then, to be taken from the bustle of life, and to rest a little




1841.]      LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY:.              591
beside the still waters: yet there are hours when, for the
sake of the oppressed and the afflicted, I long to be strengthened to work. Then, again, I leave it to Him who can work
as well without his unworthy instruments, as with them. I
feel only an unworthy monument of the love, pity, mercy,
and faithfulness of our Lord to one of His most undeserving
servants.
The infirm state of Elizabeth Fry's health precluded at
this period much active exertion; but her time was fully
occupied, and her interest not at all diminished in those subjects to which she had so long devoted her attention.  Her
correspondence was extensive, both at home and abroadthe latter especially, much of it arising from her late journeys
on the Continent. She had the great satisfaction of hearing
of the beneficial results of her exertions in different places.
From her beloved and valued friend, the Countess Reden,
she received heart-cheering communications; the King of
Prussia having urged upon General Thile, Minister of the
Royal House, the necessity of effecting various reforms in
prisons. The Countess Reden's letter enclosed an extract
from a Prussian newspaper, giving an account of the striking
effect of Elizabeth Fry's visit to the great prison of Jauer.
A few weeks later, an excellent letter was received from
Pasteur Feldner-the chaplain of this prison-by which it
was evident that Elizabeth Fry's christian ministrations had
been blessed to the spiritual good of many. A hundred-andthree Bibles, and a hundred-and-twelve Prayer-books, had
been purchased by the poor prisoners at the price of much
self-denial, out of their small earnings; besides many copies
of the Scriptures and tracts having been gratuitously distributed amongst them.
Elizabeth Fry had also a great number of letters, asking for
assistance or advice, and requiring more time and thought
than she had power to give. The liberality of her brothers,
and some of her other relatives, enabled her to administer to




592        LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  PRY.             [1841.
the claims and distresses of many persons, in a manner which
would have been otherwise impossible.  She was, at this
period, much with her own family, welcoming them to Upton
Lane, or paying little visits at their respective houses. A
small but commodious close carriage, given to her by her
faithful brother Joseph John Gurney, and kept for her own
particular use, afforded her the power of moving easily
about, and greatly added to the comfort of her declining
years.
She shortly afterwards visited Norfolk, and from Lynn
she writes:
Tenth Month, 21st.-I yesterday received a letter from
my husband, saying that my dearest brother Joseph was
married to Eliza P. Kirkbride, on Fifth-day the 21st.  On
the morning of their marriage, my heart was poured forth
in prayers and tears on their behalf, that the blessing of the
Most High might rest upon them.
About ten days afterwards, Elizabeth Fry visited Earlham.
In reference to it, she wrote:Warley Lodge, 5th. —We had a most satisfactory visit, and
parting from Earlham and my beloved brother Joseph. His
dear wife met me as a sister, and was most kind to us all.
We had a very interesting Sabbath. I accompanied them to
Meeting in the morning, wishing to be with Eliza, at her first
entry to Norwich as Joseph's wife.  Our Meeting was very
solemn, many very dear to us there. My brother spoke first,
after I had knelt down and poured forth my heart in thanksgiving and prayer, for surely we had deep cause for thankfulness for his marriage, our remarkable journey, &c.; and
indeed, we may say, our many great and wonderful deliverances. I also prayed for a continuance of blessing. Joseph's
was one of his excellent and instructive sermons, particularly
on the certain guidance of the Holy Spirit of Truth.  Mine




1842.]     LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                593
was rather a song of praise to our Lord, as " the Lamb of God
who taketh away the sin of the world," the Physician of
value who healeth all our diseases, our Guide through this
wilderness, as a cloud by day and a pillar of fire by night,
who had brought some of us through very dark places, so
that through the fulness of His love, "the wilderness" had
become at time's as "Eden, and the desert as the garden of
the Lord, joy and gladness being found therein, thanksgiving
and the voice of melody." My sister Eliza followed in very
solemn thanksgiving to the same purpose. In the evening we
had another very interesting religious time together, in which
our dear friend Robert Hankinson prayed for our brother
and sister, and all of us.
Upton, Twelfth Month, 5th, (First-day morning.)-I
have been favoured to be much better the last few days,-far
more easy,-thanks to my Heavenly Father: though I suffer
still at times. I look upon this late indisposition as a very
privileged one, and have felt, and deeply feel, the mercy extended towards me, in all my wants being so wonderfully
provided for.
The commencement of the year 1842, was marked by important engagements. Elizabeth Fry's health continued to
manifest symptoms of decline, but the fervency of her zeal to
procure relief to suffering fellow-mortals was unabated.
During the preceding autumn, Sir John Pirie had been
elected Lord Mayor of London. His wife had been one of
Elizabeth Fry's most valuable helpers in the cause of prison
reform; and now, that these estimable persons, who were remarkable for their devotedness to the spreading of true
christian principle, were placed in so prominent a station,
they were anxious, at every suitable opportunity, to promote
an intercourse between Elizabeth Fry and such persons of
influence and power, as would be likely to listen to her plans
of benevolence, and to render them effective. On a public
occasion, Sir John and Lady Pirie invited Prince Albert and
75




594        LIFE OF ELIZA BETH  FRY.    [1842.
the most prominent persons in the administration of government to dine at the Mansion House, and they earnestly
solicited the company of Elizabeth Fry, in order to afford an
opportunity for her bringing before those in authority some
subjects of importance, on which, with her, they were mutually interested. To yield to this pressing invitation involved
a serious responsibility. She fervently desired to act rightly;
and she says, " I feel it a very weighty matter for my body,
mind, and spirit: and do very earnestly crave direction and
preservation in it, that if I go my way may be made very
plain, and that my Lord may be with me there."
First Month, 17th.-Be pleased, oh Lord, to be very near
to us this day, and help us to adorn Thy doctrine, and to
speak the right thing in the right way, that the cause of
truth, righteousness, and mercy, may be promoted!
18th, (Third-day.)-Through condescending  mercy I
may say I found this prayer answered. I had an important
conversation on a female prison being built, with Sir James
Graham, our present Secretary of State; upon the Patronage
Society, &c. I think it was a very important beginning with
him for our British Society. With Lord Aberdeen, Foreign
Secretary, I spoke on some matters connected with the present state of the Continent. With Lord Stanley, our Colonia.
Secretary, upon the state of our penal colonies, and the condition of the women in them, hoping to open the door for
further communication with him on these subjects. Nearly
the whole dinner was occupied in deeply interesting conversation with Prince Albert and Sir Robert Peel. With the
Prince, I spoke very seriously upon the Christian education
of their children, the management of the nursery, the infinite
importance of a holy and religious life; how I had seen it in
all ranks of life; no real peace or prosperity without it.
Then the state of Europe; the advancement of religion in
the. Continental Courts. Then prisons; their present state in
this country-my fear that our punishments were becoming




1842.]      L I F E O F E L I Z A BETH FR Y.     595
too severe-my wish that the Queen should be informed of
some particulars respecting separate confinement, &c., &c.
We also had much interesting conversation about my journeys, the state of Europe, habits of countries, mode of living,
&c., &c. With Sir Robert Peel, I dwelt much more on the
prison subject; I expressed my fears that gaolers had too
much power, that punishment was rendered uncertain, and
often too severe-pressed upon him the need of mercy, and
begged him to see the New Prison, and to have the dark cells
a little altered.
Elizabeth Fry availed herself of this opportunity to explain our religious principles in reference to worship, prayer,
&c.; and the reasons for her not uniting, or rising, at the
giving out of toasts, against which she bore a decided testimony.
The King of Prussia visited London during the first month
of this year, and by his particular request, Elizabeth Fry
met him at the Mansion House, between the times of public
worship on First-day the 30th. They partook of a luncheon
provided by the Lord Mayor, who, to prevent needless labour
on that day, had chiefly a cold collation for his guests, and,
by Elizabeth Fry's special request, allowed of no toasts. Of
this important visit she,writes as follows:30th, First-day.-I felt low and far from well when I set
off this morning for London; but, through the tender mercy
of my God, soon after sitting down in Meeting, I partook of
much peace. I was humbled before my Lord in the remembrance of days that are past, when I used to attend that
Meeting (Gracechurch-street), almost heart-broken from
sorrow upon sorrow, and I remembered how the Lord sustained me, and made my way in the deep waters. He also
raised me up, and then He forsook me not. I was enabled
very earnestly to pray to my God for help, direction and
preservation.
After this solemn and refreshing Meeting, we went to the




596        LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.            [1842.
Mansion House. We waited some time in the drawing-room
before the King arrived from " St. Paul's" Cathedral. I have
seldom seen any person more faithfully kind and friendly
than he is. The Duke of Cambridge was also there, and
many others who accompanied the King. We had much
deeply interesting conversation on various important subjects
of mutual interest.
At the Mansion House, the King of Prussia arranged to
meet Elizabeth Fry the following morning at Newgate, and
afterwards to take luncheon at Upton Lane.
Second JMonth, 1st (T7hird-day).-Yesterday was a day
never to be forgotten whilst memory lasts. We set off about
eleven o'clock, my sister Gurney and myself, to meet the
King of Prussia at Newgate. I proceeded with the Lady
Mayoress to Newgate, where we were met by many gentlemen. My dear brother and sister Gurney, and Susanna
Corder being with me, was a great comfort. We waited so
long for the King that I feared he would not come; however, at last he arrived, and the Lady Mayoress and I,
accompanied by the Sheriffs, went to meet the King at the
door of the prison. He appeared much pleased to meet our
little party, and after taking a little refreshment, he gave me
his arm, and we proceeded into the prison and up to one of
the long wards, where every thing was prepared; the poor
women round the table, about sixty of them, many of our
Ladies' Committee, and some others; also numbers of gentlemen following the King, Sheriffs, &c. I felt deeply, but
quiet in spirit-fear of man much removed. After we were
seated, the King on my right hand, the Lady Mayoress on
the left, I expressed my desire that the attention of none,
particularly the poor prisoners, might be diverted from attending to our reading by the company there, however
interesting, but that we should remember that the King of
Kings and Lord of Lords was present, in whose fear we
should abide, and seek to profit by what we heard. I then




1842.].LI PE OF "ELIZA B'E  RH.        597
read the 12th chapter of Romans. I dwelt on the mercies
of God being the strong inducement to serve Him, and no
longer to be conformed to this world. Then I finished the
chapter, afterwards impressing our all being members of one
body, poor and rich, high and low, all one in Christ, and
members one of another. I then related the case of a poor
prisoner, who appeared truly converted, and who became
such a holy example; then I enlarged on love, and forgiving
one another, showing how Christians must love their enemies,
&c., &c. After a solemn pause, to my deep humiliation, and
in the cross, I believed it my duty to kneel down before this
most curious, interesting, and mixed company, for I felt that
my God must be served the same everywhere, and amongst
all people, whatever reproach it brought me into. I first
prayed for the conversion of prisoners and sinners generally,
that a blessing might rest on the labours of those in authority,
as well as the more humble labourers for their conversion;
next I prayed for the King of Prussia, his Queen, his kingdom, that it might be more and more as the city set on the
hill that could not be hid, that true religion in its purity,
simplicity, and power, might more and more break forth, and
that every cloud that obscured it might be removed; then
for us all, that we might be of the number of the redeemed,
and eventually unite with them in heaven, in a never-ending
song of praise. I only mention the subjects, but by no
means the words. The King then again gave me his arm,
and we walked down together; there were difficulties raised
about his going to Upton, but he chose to persevere. I went
with the Lady Mayoress and the Sheriffs, the King with his
own people. We arrived first, I had to hasten to take off
my cloak, and then went down to meet him at his carriagedoor, with my husband, and seven of our sons and sons-inlaw. I then walked with him into the drawing-room, where
all was in beautiful order-neat, and adorned with flowers:
I presented to the King our eight daughters and daughtersin-law, (Rachel only away,) our seven sons and eldest grand



598       LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.              [1842.
son, my brother and sister Buxton, Sir Henry and Lady
Pelly, and my sister, Elizabeth Fry —my brother and sister
Gurney he had known before-and afterwards presented
twenty-five of our grandchildren. We had a solemn silence
before our meal, which was handsome and fit for a King, yet
not extravagant-everything most complete and nice. I sat
by the King, who appeared to enjoy his dinner, perfectly at
his ease, and very happy with us. We went into the drawing-room after another solemn silence, and a few words which
I uttered in prayer for the King and Queen. We found a
deputation of Friends with an address to read to him —this
was done; the King appeared to feel it much. We then
had to part.
The King expressed his desire that blessings might con
tinue to rest on our house.
Throughout these engagements on this eventful day, the
religious services, and the deportment, of this dedicated
handmaid of the Lord, were truly such as adorned her high
christian profession, and honoured the weighty truths that
she was led to espouse.
Upton, Third Mionth, 15th.-My son and daughter Cresswell, and several of their children are staying here; their
little Gurney just going into the navy. It greatly oppresses
me in spirit, I so perfectly object to war on Christian principles; it is so awful in its devastating effects, naturally,
morally, and spiritually.
The arrangement made for this grandson was a cause of
great sorrow to Elizabeth Fry. She deeply disapproved of
a warlike course, and its spirit was opposed to every feeling
of her heart.
Upton, Fifth Month, 8th.-On Third-day, the Lady Mayoress and I paid interesting and satisfactory visits to the
Queen Dowager, the Duchess of Kent, and the Duchess of




1842.]     LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                 599
Gloucester. I went with my heart lifted up for help, and
strength, and direction, that the visits might prove useful,
that I. might drop the word in season, and that I might myself be kept humble, watchful, and faithful to my Lord. I
have fears for myself in visiting palaces, rather than prisons,
and going after the rich, rather than the poor; lest my eyes
should become blinded, or I should fall away, in any thing,
from the simple, pure standard of truth and righteousness.
We first called on the Duchess of Kent, and had interesting
conversation about our dear young Queen, Prince Albert,
and their little ones. We spoke of my foreign journey-the
King of the Belgians, and other matters. I desired, wherever
I could, to throw in a hint of a spiritual kind, and was
enabled to do it. I gave the Duchess some papers, with a
note to Prince Albert, requesting him  to lay the suffering
state of the Waldenses, from their fresh persecutions, before
the Queen. We next visited the Queen Dowager, and met
her sister, and the Duchess of Saxe Weimar, and her children. We had a very satisfactory time, much lively and
edifying conversation upon the state of religion in Europe,
particularly amongst the higher classes, and the great advancement of late years, in the conduct and conversation
of the great of this world.
Through all these varied engagements, she maintained a
close and jealous watch over her own spirit and conduct, as
the following entry, made soon after these visits, evidences:" How blind are we to ourselves, so that neither nations,
churches, nor individuals, see in themselves the symptoms of
decay, visible to all around! the pride which leads to break
the law of God, leads to this self-flattery." I have felt much
warning and instruction in these words; they lead to the
prayer, " 0 Lord, open Thou mine eyes, lest I sleep the
sleep of death!" and lest the light that is in me'become
darkness!




600        LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FR-Y.            [1842.
Elizabeth Fry's: health continuing in an infirm and suffering state, although better than during the winter, some
change appeared necessary, with absence from the continual
tide of London engagements. Her brother-in-law, Hoare,
offered the loan of his house at Cromer, a commodious and
agreeable residence on the top of the cliff, commanding fine
sea views.
This offer was gladly accepted, and she was, amid various
causes of sorrow, cheered by the kindness and affection of
many whom she had long loved. IHer sister, Catharine
Gurney, was with them at the Cliff House; she saw much of
the beloved residents at Northrepps Hall. Northrepps Cottage, Sherringham, and Cromer Hall, were also points of
light on the landscape-two months thus passed away.
(On the Journey,) Seventh Month.-I have been poorly
part of every night, or early in the morning, since I left
Upton, so as to feel discouraged and fiat at being so far from
home; but I desire to trust entirely. I have sought to have
my steppings directed by Him, who knows what is best for
as. I have not felt a will in these arrangements, and I desire
to leave all to Him who orders all things well. I at times
feel, particularly at night, so sunk, that I am ready to apprehend my natural powers are really failing. I occasionally
ask, in prayer, for passing revival from my states of suffering,
which prayers are often remarkably granted; but I am not
disposed really to ask for prolonged life, because I fear lest,
like Hezekiah, I should live to transgress before the Lord.
I have probably an undue fear of an imbecile or childish
state, and becoming a burden to others; at the same time, the
idea of life being continued to me is pleasantj and the. fear of
death and the grave, to my nature great; not that I fear for
the everlasting state, although this confidence arises from no
trust in any thing in myself, but faith in the mercy of God
in Christ, who tasted death for every man:; and a full belief
that the tender mercy of my God is over all His works; and,




1842.]     LIFE OF ELIZABETH FRY.                 601
unworthy as I am, that through His mercy, He will not cast
me out of His presence, (which I delight in,) nor shut up
His tender mercies from me.
CYromer, Seventh dMonth, 6th.-Here I am, in what was my
dearest sister Hoare's little room, looking on the sea; but
poorly after my journey; feeling the air almost too cold for
me: but I am favoured to be quiet and trustful in spirit, and
desire to leave all things to Him, who only knows what is
best for me. My sister Catharine being with us, and my
brother Joseph and his Eliza, and dear Anna, near to us, is
very pleasant, and our dear brother and sister Buxton and
Richenda being still at Northrepps.
Every week was marked by slow but steady increase in
strength. But her amendment was retarded by anxiety on
account of a daughter, then ill in the Isle of Wight. To
this daughter, who was under much trial, she wrote:I am not very well to-day, but have not by any means lost
the ground I had gained, though your trials appear to have
brought me some steps back. If, in the ordering of Providence, things shall be brighter, I think I should rally again;
but I desire to have my will given up to the will of Him who
knows what is best for us all, and earnestly desire to be very
thankful that our trials are not of a deeper dye; and being,
as far as I know, brought on us by Infinite Wisdom, I do
not feel them like those produced by the exquisite suffering
of sin.
I am, thy loving, sympathizing, and yet hopeful mother
E. F.
The plan that had, in the winter of 1839, been projected
for the placing of her eldest grandson in the army, to which,
as before noticed, Elizabeth Fry had so strongly objected,
was now again revived: it occasioned her much grief, but
having used her utmost influence to prevent the arrangement,
li..




602        LIFE   F ELIZABETH                     1 v   [184Q.
she felt she must leave the matter to those on whom the serious responsibility rested. In reference to it she writes:Seventh.Month, 14th (First-day). —I have deeply and
sorrowfully felt our grandson Frank's going into the army.
I truly have tried to prevent it, but must now leave it all to
my Lord, who can, -if He see meet, bring good out of that
which I feel to be evil.
Eighth Mlonth, 14th (First-day).  I have felt the weight
of undertaking to establish a library and room for the fishermen, and something of a friendly society, as in my tender
state the grasshopper becomes a, burden. I was encouraged
however in the night by these words, " Stedfast, immoveable,
always abounding in the work of the Lord." In weakness
and in strength, we must, as ability is granted, abound in the
work of the Lord. MAay our labour not be in vain in Him!
I have had very comforting accounts from Denmark-our
representations attended to respecting the prisons, and likely
to have much good done in them: also from Prussia. Surely
our Lord has greatly blessed some of our poor efforts for the
good of our fellow-mortals.
From the feebleness of the mortal tenement, and from
various circumstances that severely tested her remaining
bodily powers, Elizabeth Fry was often oppressed by the
sinkings of nature. Yet her spirit was, at times, greatly
revived by her continuing to receive these cheering tidings
of the blessing that had rested on her labours of various
kinds, both in her own and other lands.  In Denmark, where
the reader may have remarked how sad were the state and
arrangements of the prisons, great and highly beneficial
changes were, in consequence of her intercession, speedily
effected with the express sanction of the King. New buildings had been added, by which a salutary classification was
secured, employment had been provided, and apparatus supplied, by which the cells had been comfortably warmed
during the winter season. In one great establishment, women




1842.]      LIFE OF ELIZABETH FRY,                  603
had been placed over the female prisoners, and efforts were
in progress to introduce the same mode of supervision in the
other prisons, also fully to furnish all with Bibles, Testaments, Psalters, and other religious books.  Committees of
pious and devoted persons, who were willing to visit these
receptacles of crime, and to labour for the reformation of their
unhappy inmates, were organized with the cordial approbation of the King, who, in reference to them says, in reply to
an address, " We have heard, with the greatest satisfaction,
of the desire of benevolent individuals to unite together to
form a Prison Committee, whose object should be the moral
improvement of the prisoners, and their employment, and
return to society on obtaining their freedom: therefore, we
gladly give an opportunity to the members of this Comiittee,
by means of visits and the distribution of religious and other
fitting books, to exercise a good influence on the prisoners."
The Countess Reden transmitted to Elizabeth Fry a most
gratifying account of the successful labours of her excellent
christian friend, the Pasteur Feldner; through whose instrumentality, a most marked change had been wrought in many
of the prisoners under his care. The erection of four new
Penitentiaries had been commenced in Prussia; one in Berlin,
another at Miinster, a third in Silesia, and the fourth in
Konigsberg.  They were constructed on the most approved
plans, under the special direction of the King.
From Dusseldorf, Elizabeth Fry received very satisfactory
reports of the great improvements effected in the prison there;
and of the establishment of an asylum, near that city, for
young girls dismissed from the jail andrevincing repentance,
where, says the lady who addressed Elizabeth Fry on the
subject, "under the guidance of an excellent monitor, they
obtain instruction in every work required of a good servant."
" This establishment," adds the lady, "is in such good repute,
that as soon as they are qualified to go into service, the opportunity is never wanting for it. We hear many instances
of their behaving well, and leading good lives.  The best




604        LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FURY.              1842.
proof of the good effects of our asylum is, that in the two
years of its existence, none dismissed from thence have been
committed again."
The christian beneficence of the late excellent Queen of
Hanover, who had so humanely listened to Elizabeth Fry's
solicitations on behalf of the wretched prisoners at HIameln,
as to mediate successfully with the King her husband, and
to procure the release of several hundreds of poor creatures
from the heavy irons and chains by which they were fettered, was also a source of encouragement and consolation to
her compassionate spirit, which so tenderly sympathised
with' every form of human suffering. Her gracious Lord, to
whose service she had, with steadfast faith, devoted herself and
every faculty with which she was endowed, had thus evidently
condescended greatly to prosper the work of her hands.
The indisposition that now prostrated her strength, and
deprived her of the power to unite with her fellow-labourers
of the Prison Committee, did not prevent her from cherishing an unabated interest in the work. The following note,
addressed to the members of that association is so characteristic, that it deserves insertion.
I truly feel for you all, my beloved friends, who have now
to bear the burden and heat of the day. May grace be
granted you, and help from above, that you may be strengthened for your important work, and may your way be made
plain before you; and may our Heavenly Father undertake
for us in this weighty matter, and lead us to the right
parties to send abroad, as matrons in the convict-ships, who
may be a blessing to those they go amongst, and be kept and
blessed themselves!  I long to hear from thee, or one of
you, again, and hope I may one day be enabled again to
take a labouring oar. Farewell, in much true love and
sympathy, to thyself and all thy fellow-labourers.
I am, very affectionately, thy friend,
ELIZABETH FRY.
This letter is dated Cromer, Eighth JfMonth, 20th, 1842.




1842.]     LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  PRY.               605
Two very suitable persons were subsequently recommended
by thre Committee, and appointed by Government, to the
arduous and important office of matrons in the Garland
Grove. Before their embarkation the following admirable
letter was written by Elizabeth Fry to Catherine Fraser:Cromer, Eighth Mlonth, 27th, 1842.
My Beloved Friend,
Thy note received to-day has been a real comfort to me;
the post brought some sorrows, and thy note brought weight
in the other scale; but I have sat at home weeping, as I did
not feel much inclined to meet a delightful party of brothers,
sisters, &c., at my brother Buxton's, but rather to sit alone,
and look to my own vineyard, and my own very deep interests
in my family and my beloved friends, and for the causes that
are near my heart. I humbly thank our Heavenly Father,
who has regarded our very unworthy prayers, and raised up
those that we trust may be suitable in the convict-ship, and
helpful in the colony; may grace and wisdom from above be
poured forth upon them; may they remember that the servants
of the Lord must prove their faith more by conduct, than
word or profession; they must avoid anything like religious
cant, if I may so express myself, and in an upright, holy,
self-denying, and watchful deportment, be preachers of righteousness, and prove who it is that they believe in, serve,
and obey. I am often inexpressibly bowed, and brought
low in spirit, when I look at the standard and holy example
of our blessed Lord, and then behold my own short-coming.
I long for a closer walk with God, for myself, and all that I
love; and that, through the help of the Holy Spirit, we
should more constantly prove our love to Him who died for
us and hath loved us with an everlasting love. Pray impress
on these matrons, the extreme importance of their prudent
and circumspect conduct, as it respects the gentlemen on
board; and towards the women, the need of sound discretion, and the meekness of wisdom; and amongst all, to be




606        LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.            [1842.
wise as serpents, harmless as doves; and to be pitiful and
courteous. I quite feel my indulgent life, and I am very
ready to work when my Lord many enable me. I do not
desire to save myself, unless duty calls me to do it: indeed,
dear friend, I have always felt it an honour I have been unworthy of, to do any thing for my Lord, and to be made an
instrument of good to my fellow-creatures. I have been
thankful for thy letters, because they have encouraged me to
hope that you are not discouraged, but that the Spirit of our
God is poured forth upon my beloved friends, to help them
in this weighty and important work, and to make them willing to labour in this service, and for the good of their poor
fellow-mortals.  My dear love to all our sisters in this service; and I am truly, in gospel bonds,
Thy attached Friend,
ELIZABETH FRY.
The appointment of these matrons was justly regarded by
Elizabeth Fry, and her fellow-labourers as a step of the utmost importance. It mitigates most materially the evils
attendant upon the transportation of females.  Objections
had been urged to the measure in former years, but now it
was clearly admitted that none were so fit to have charge of
these unhappy women, as persons of their own sex, if such
could be found who, influenced by right motives, and possessing the requisite qualifications, were willing to encounter
the privations and perils of a long voyage in such society.
Northrepps Hall, Ninth JMonth, 18th.-I exceedingly value
the company of so many of my most tenderly beloved brothers and sisters, and other near and dear relations, so many
nephews and nieces, and others also. How I wish that I
upheld amongst these tenderly-beloved ones a more holy
example. I do not often apprehend it my place to speak
much of spiritual things; but I most truly desire constantly
to uphold the christian standard, in an humble and watchful
walk before the Lord, and before my fellow-mortals.




1842.]     LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.               607
25th, (First-day.)-I have not enough dwelt upon the
extraordinary kindness of our dear brother and sister Buxton
and their children to us, at this time, truly humbling to me,
a poor unworthy worm of the dust; also my dear brother
Hoare, and all that family-such a sweet renewal of love
amongst us. How blessed and how sweet is love, and how
delightful to believe that it has, in measure, the Heavenly
stamp upon it. Our dearest sister Catharine. left Cromer
yesterday,-quite a loss to us; her kindness has been great
indeed.
Cromer, Tenth Month, 23rd. —Perhaps the last journal I
may ever write in this place, as to-morrow we mean to depart
for Lynn. Yesterday, I was very much affected and touched
by something that occurred-it was almost overwhelming.
We paid our farewell visit to Northrepps. My brother Hoare
and his family went also; and at our beloved Fowell and
Hannah's, were Andrew and Priscilla Johnston, ]Edward,
and Catharine, and Richenda Buxton. After dinner, Gurney
Hoare brought me a beautiful piece of plate, a silver inkstand, and my husband a Testament, of fine paper and print,
most beautifully bound. They gave these presents in the
kindest way, expressing love and gratitude to us, and saying
that dearest Anna Gurney and those absent of their families
united in the present. I felt before receiving it, that I had
been unduly loaded with gifts and kindness. My spirit was
humbled, and really bowed within me, under a deep feeling
of unworthiness at these proofs of love. My Lord only
knows my sense of it; a poor, weak, unprofitable servant as
I am, that He should thus put it into the hearts of His servants to show so much love and pity to me, in my poor, low,
weak, and unworthy estate before Him. Gracious Lord!
Thou knowest how little I can do for all these beloved ones.
I pray Thee reward them with spiritual and temporal blessings; and if it be Thy will, let the sickly in body be more
strengthened and restored, the sickly in soul healed; that
all may be more filled and satisfied with the unsearchable
riches of Christ.




608        LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                  [1842.
On her way home, she stayed at Lynn for a few days, her
last visit. In describing her state and habits whilst there,
her daughter writes:"' She was bright and lovely in spirit. She had a wise, kind word
for all-children, servants, dependents. All loved her, all felt that
her message was not from herself, nor of man's invention: but that
in her Master's name she invited others to'love and to good works.'
She condescended to all; listening to the minutest details of their
cares and pleasures, was ready in devising means for helping others,
not merely in the great, but the little things of life; prompt in expedients, in the sick room, in the nursery with an unmanageable
child, or a froward servant."
Elizabeth Fry reached home near the end of Tenth Month.
A heavy family affliction awaited her return to Upton,
in the illness and death of a lovely little grand-daughter,
aged seven years.   She was much  with  her children
during their sorrowful nursing, sharing deeply in their
grief. Her bereaved daughter keenly suffered under this
chastening dispensation, but was favoured, in a striking
manner, meekly to bow under it. Elizabeth Fry accompanied her afflicted child, when committing to their long
home the precious mortal remains; and, when the mourners
were about to quit the grave-side, her gentle voice was heard,
uttering the words, "It is the Lord, let Him do as seemeth
Him good." One of her family gives the following interest
ing details: —
"A family party gathered in the evening: after the fifth chapter
of the 2nd of Corinthians had been read, Elizabeth Fry addressed a
heart-searching exhortation to her'children, grandchildren, and all
the dearly beloved ones present,' to be ready' when the next summons should come'-also' thanksgiving that the lamb taken was a
believing child, one rather peculiarly impressed with the fact of redemption, and forgiveness of sins through Christ; and in practice,
an obedient, gentle-spirited creature; and according to the measure
of so young a child, unusually full of good works and alms-deeds; for
she gave much to the poor, whose tales of woe, (whether true or




1843.]     LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                 609
false, she did not stop to inquire,) always touched her; and her good
mark money, which she saved till it amounted to a pound, she had
given to the Ceylon Mission. Thus, even in so young a child, did
the good tree bring forth little blossoms of good fruit, gone to
mature and fructify in Heaven, through Christ who died for her,
and in whom she truly believed.' M1any other things were spoken
by her in ministry on this occasion. Then she offered for all the
three generations present, a soul-touching prayer."
Upton Lane, First 3Month, 1st, 1843.-Another year is
closed, and passed never to return.  It appears to me that
mine is rather a rapid descent into the valley of old age.
Second Month, 6th. —I am just now much devoted to my
children and all my family, and attend very little to public
service of any kind. May my God grant, that I may not
hide my talents as in a napkin; and on the other hand, that
I may not step into services uncalled for at my hands. May
my feeble labours at home be blessed. Gracious Lord, heal,
help, and strengthen Thy poor servant, for Thine own service; public or private.
Third MAonth, 19th. —Met Lord Ashley to dinner at my
son William's......  He is a very interesting man; devoted to promoting the good of mankind, and suppressing
evil —quite a Wilberforce, I think.
Fourth Month, 2nd, (First-day.)  I entered the last week
very low in my condition, bodily and mentally, so much so,
that some of my family could hardly be reconciled to my attending the Quarterly Meeting. In the select Meeting of
Ministers and Elders, the subject of Unity was much brought
forward; several spoke to it, and I had to express rather
strongly, my belief that there is a great wrwm  going forward
in the earth, and Satan desires to mar it, by separating the
Lord's servants. I warned Friends upon this point, because
there are diversities of gifts, differences of operation and administration; they should not sit in judgment one on another,
or condemn one another, or suppose they are not of the same
spirit, and one in the same Lord and the same God.
77




610        LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.              [1843.
With somewhat of restored health, Elizabeth Fry believed
it her duty once more to visit the Continent.  Her attraction
was peculiarly to Paris. Matters of importance that she
earnestly desired to have completed, awaited her attention.
and there appeared an opening beyond anything she had
known before, for usefulness in that great capital. There
were Christian and benevolent persons whom she desired to
see again "in the flesh," and build them up, if enabled, in
faith and hope. She had, with the unity of her friends, retained her certificates, granted her for her last journey. Her
brother, Joseph John Gurney, also believed it his duty to
visit Paris, as part of a more extended journey.  His beloved
wife accompanied him, and their valued friend, Josiah Forster, united in the engagement.  In addition to these three
participators and supporters in the various religious and philanthropic objects which might open before them, her eldest
daughter went as her mother's especial attendant, to watch
over and care for her health.
They landed at Boulogne. The voyage had been so trying
to Elizabeth Fry, from a heavy rolling sea, and the weather
being  cold and unfavourable, that her fellow-travellers
doubted the practicability of her pursuing her journey. By
setting off late, and resting an hour or two in the middle of
the day, she seemed revived, when at the end of two days
they arrived at Amiens.  Here the First-day was passed.
In the evening they held a Meeting for worship, in the room
used by the Protestants as their chapel, where a venerable
pastor, eighty years of age, usually laboured among a small
flock in the midst of a large Roman Catholic population.
Many of these Protestants were present; their hearts appeared
touched and animated by the ministry on this occasion, which
tended to console the discouraged, and strengthen the feebleminded.
At Clermont-en-Oise, the female part of the company
visited the great central prison, containing more than nine
hundred women. It is under the care of a Superieure and
twenty-two nuns. No men are ever allowed to enter.




1843.]        LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.             611
On first arriving, Elizabeth Fry had expressed a great
wish to see all the nuns, but the Supdrieure considered it
impossible, as they never leave the women; however, just
before quitting the prison, she was conducted into an apartment, around which sat, some on chairs, some on extremely
low seats, some apparently on the floor, the twenty-two nuns
in their grey dresses, and the lay sisters in black; placed in
the middle were Elizabeth Fry and her sister, E. P. Gurney,
the Superieure between them, holding E. Fry by the hand,
whose daughter was requested by the Superieure to interpret
for them. It was no light or easy task to convey exactly her
mother's address, on the deep importance of not only maintaining good discipline among the prisoners, but endeavouring to lead them, in living faith, to Christ, as the only Mediator
between GCod and man, through whom alone they could be
cleansed from the guilt and power of sin. At His name every
head bowed.  She then went on to tell of Newgate, and
the effects of the Gospel there; many tears were shed at
this recital.  She concluded by a lively exhortation to these
devoted nuns, whom she could " salute as sisters in Christ,"
to go forward in their work, but in no way to rest upon it, as
in itself meritorious. Here the Supdrieure interposed, "Oh
non, mais il y a un peu de merite, l'homme a quelque m6rite
pour ce qu'il fait:" an old nun, who understood English,
rejoined, "Ma mere, Madame thinks that if the love of God
does not sufficiently animate the heart to do it without feeling
it a merit, or desiring reward, it falls short."  "Ah, c'est
bien! comme elle est bonne!" replied the Sup6rieure.
Elizabeth Fry concluded by a few words of prayer in French.
It was a striking scene, and a solemn feeling pervaded the
whole.
Paris, (Hotel JMeurice,) Fourth MJonth, 22nd.-We are
favoured to be very comfortably settled here, and I may
most thankfully say, feel in our right place, after a time of
unusual conflict to my own mind.




612        LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.             [1843.
I was little fit to enter Paris; the day was hot, and the
rooms at the hotel oppressive; the noise of the street so great,
that I feared, in my poor state, I could not support it, and
was frightened about myself, and felt as if it were altogether
too much for me, but I revived towards evening, was favoured
with a peaceful night, and awoke much refreshed and comforted.  Our beloved friend, the Countess Pelet has been a
real helper to me, quite a spiritual comforter; so encouraging
as to the time of our visit. She expresses her belief of our
being surely guided by a spirit within, safely leading us to
places at the right time.  Others, really dear to me, show
much faithful love, and they appear delighted to have us
with them. On Fifth-day, we attended the little Meeting
of Friends in the Faubourg du Roule. The next day, some
of our serious friends came to us in the evening. And the
following, we spent a very agreeable evening at the Mallets',
where there was, to my feelings, a sweet sense of love and
peace over us, with the numerous members of that interest
ing family.
I may thankfully say, I now feel greatly healed, and
helped, and encouraged, although it appears but little I have
done for my Lord in any way; but I must wait His time
and His putting forth, and not enter anything in my own
way and time.
Lord! be pleased to grant, through Thy tender mercy in
Christ my Saviour, that our visit to this place may be really
profitable to ourselves, and to those we are come amongst,
and that it may promote love and charity amongst Christians
generally; help to remove dependence on the arm of man,
and to have it placed on Thy arm of power, and stimulate
many more diligently to seek Thy kingdom and.Thy righteousness-that some worldly-minded wanderers may be led
to return, repent, and live-that some that are dead may be
made alive again-and that those that are lost may be
found in Thy fold of peace and safety. Grant also, gracious Lord! that the great blessing of preservation may be
with my tenderly beloved family at home.




1843.]      LIFE  OF EL.IZABETH    FRY.               613
On the 25th, Elizabeth Fry visited, by appointment, the
Duchess of Orleans, at the Tuileries; but finding some difficulty in fully conveying her meaning, her daughter was sent
for to interpret, who, in a letter to her sister, describes herself ", ushered into an immense drawing-room," the size, and
heavy crimson and gold magnificence of which, exceeded
any room she had ever seen.
"' On a sofa, about half-way up the room against the wall, was
seated Elizabeth Fry; by her side a young lady, in deep mourning,
over whose white and black cap, hung a large, long, crape scarf,
or veil, that reached the ground on each side, her figure tall and
elegant, her face and features small and delicate, her eyes blue,
and her complexion very fair,-a lovely blush came and went as
she spoke. Opposite to her, on a chair, was an elderly lady, the
Grand Duchess of Mecklenburgh, her step-mother, who had
brought her up from childhood. These three were the only occupants of that vast apartment. The conversation at first was upon
the Duchess of Orleans' affliction. They had each a Bible in
their hands. Elizabeth Fry read a few verses, and commented on
them, on affliction and its peaceable fruits. They then spoke of
the children of the House of Orleans, and the importance of their
education, and early foundation in real Christian faith; the Grand
Duchess of MIecklenburgh, an eminently devoted, pious woman,
deeply responded to these sentiments. It was an hour-and-a-half
before this interesting conversation came to a close."
The following First-day, after attending their own little
Meeting, a large public one was held in the Methodist
chapel; it was a very solemn one. J. J. Gurney spoke well
in French, Elizabeth Fry through an excellent interpreter.
In the evening of the next day, they gathered round
them a very singular party, about thirty persons of colour,
chiefly from Hayti, the Isle of France, and Guadaloupe,
principally students of law or medicine; one a painter, who
had some good pictures in the exhibition.
The evening concluded with reading in the Bible. Eliza



614       LIFE OF ELIZABETH  PRY.              [1843.
beth Fry addressed her auditory on the words of Peter, " I
perceive that God is no respecter of persons;" —Acts x.
34-going on to that glorious passage in the Revelation,
which tells of the company that cannot be numbered,
gathered out of every nation, kindred, tongue, and people.
Speaking of the close of the day, she says: "I laid me
down and slept in peace."
Fourth-day, a dinner at Count Pelet de la Loz~re's;
Fifth-day, at M. Guizot's: seated by their celebrated host,
this dinner was felt by Elizabeth Fry to be an occasion of
great responsibility. She was encouraged by his courteous
attention, unreservedly to speak to him on the subjects
which had so long been near to her heart. It was no common ordeal for woman, weak, even in her strength, to encounter reasoning powers and capabilities such as his. They
spoke of crime in its origin, its consequences, and the
measures to be adopted for its prevention; of the treatment
of criminals; of education, and Scriptural instruction.
Here Elizabeth Fry unhesitatingly urged the diffusion of
Scriptural truth, and the universal circulation of the Scriptures, as the most potent means, within human reach, of con
trolling the power of sin, and shedding light upon the dark
ness of superstition and infidelity.
Elizabeth Fry again visited the Duchess of Orleans. She
nad also several interviews with the Grand Duchess of
Mecklenburgh, their communications with each other being
of a deeply religious character.
It was the period of the annual religious Meetings: many
pasteurs were assembled in Paris; J. J. Gurney invited a
considerable number to the HItel Meurice.
Paris, Fifth Mlonth, 14th.-On Second-day, about thirty
pasteurs came to breakfast: they are from different parts of
France: a very interesting set of men. First we had a
Scripture-reading; Joseph and myself had much to express
to them at the time; a most weighty concern it was. My




1843.]      LIFE OF ELIZABETH FRY.                 615
brother prayed, and one of the pasteurs spoke. We then
breakfasted, and had really a delightful meal. I remembered that our Lord condescended to attend feasts, and this
was a feast offered to His servants, of which we partook in
love and peace. The pasteurs afterwards gave us an account of the religious state of the people around them; a
good work certainly appears going on, amidst many obstructions. We then spoke to them. I particularly recommended religious unity with all who love the Lord, and kindness
to the Methodists, as a valuable body of Christians.
Paris, Fifth Month, 21st, (First-day.) —My birth-day
sixty-three! My God hath not forgotten to be gracious,
nor hath IHe shut up His tender mercies from me.
The last week has been an interesting one. We were first
sent for by the King. My brother, sister, and I, paid rather
a remarkable visit to him, the Queen, and the Princess
Adelaide. To my surprise and pleasure yesterday, there
arrived from the Queen, a most beautiful Bible with fine engravings, without note or comment; given me as a mark of
her satisfaction in our visit.
One evening, the Prime Minister Guizot dined with them.
The topics before discussed were then resumed:-the state
of Protestants in France, la liberte des cultes, and Negro
Slaverv.  Elizabeth Fry entreated Guizot's attention to the
state of the Sandwich Islands. She had, a few months before, received from Kamehameha III., the King of those
islands, a letter, entreating her good offices to second his endeavours to prohibit the importation and use of spirituous
liquors in his kingdom, the baneful and demoralizing effects
of which, he stated to be lamentable.
Much had been done for the improvement of prisons since
Elizabeth Fry's last visit to Paris. The importance of the
subject had been fully recognized, and a bill brought before
the Chamber of Deputies.




616      LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.               [1845
Boulogne, 28th.-Through the condescending mercy of our
Heavenly Father we are safely and peacefully arrived here,
after a quiet journey with my dearest Katharine. We were
near meeting with a very serious accident, but through mercy,
we escaped without injury. Our leaving Paris was no common occasion,  The morning before, several of our beloved
friends were with us; they literally loaded us with presents,
indeed, it appeared as if they did not know how to show
their love to us enough. Before we parted from each other,
we had a most solemn time in prayer; little knowing whether
we should see each other's faces more. I hardly knew how
to accept all their generous kindness. What can we say, but
that their hearts being thus turned to us must be "the
Lord's doing, and is marvellous in our eyes?"
The previous evening many of our dear Friends, English
and French, came to take leave of us; we read together the
121st Psalm. In the morning I visited a Roman Catholic
Refuge,-and finished well with the Greeks in the afternoon.
On Third-day, we visited the great military prison at St.
Germain, accompanied by a French general, an English
colonel, our excellent friend Count Pelt, and Moreau-Christophe. We were received very kindly by the Colonel,
Governor of the Prison, and his wife, and took our djei2ner
with them.
In the evening we went to a large Meeting in one of the
Faubourgs, with the French Methodists in humble life. How
curious the changes of my daily life! —what a picture they
would make!-in the morning, surrounded by the high
military, and the soldier prisoners-in the evening, in a
Methodist Meeting-house, with the people and their pasteurs,
and afterwards by poor little French children, hearing them
read.
Another day I was at a large Prison Committee of Pro.
testant ladies. I think they have been greatly prospered in
their work of Christian love, in which they have persevered
ever since my first visit to Paris: there have been many in



1843.]      LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.               617
stances of great improvement in the prisoners under their
care, After prayer for them I left them.
On the afternoon of the First-day, she visited the " St."
Lazare Prison; " such a scene of disorder and deep evil," she
says, " I have seldom witnessed-gambling, romping, screaming. With much difficulty we.collected four Protestant
prisoners, and read with them." She afterwards " spoke to
those poor disorderly women, who appeared attentive, and
showed some feeling." She " represented to many in authority, the sad evils of this prison, and pleaded with them for
reform, for religious care, and for Scriptural instruction."
And she addsIn the evening the dear Countess Pelet was with us, and
we had a large assembly, mostly of English; it was thought
ninety or a hundred. I was tried and poorly, my flesh and
my heart ready to fail, but the Lord strengthened me, and I
felt really helped by a power quite above myself. With this
company I had a most satisfactory parting time, and a sweet
feeling of love and unity with these servants of the Lord.
A quiet resting day was spent at Passy with her old and
valued friends of the Delessert family, with whom she had
some solemn religious communications on this, the last day
she passed amongst them.
On returning home, she was able to attend one or two sittings of the Yearly Meeting in London, and for a short time,
to encounter the current of life better than she had done
before her journey.
Sixth MJonth, 25th. —A week of considerable occupation.
Second-day, the British Society Committee; an interesting
meeting with those beloved ladies; so much oneness in heart
and purpose, a delightful evidence of the sweetness of
Christian unity, and how those who differ in secondary
points may agree in the most essential one, and be one in
78




618       LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.            [1843
Christ. We have cause for thankfulness in the excellent
arrangements made by Lord Stanley for our poor prisoners
in Van Diemen's Land; he appears so carefully to have attended to the representations we made respecting the evils
existing there, and to have proposed good measures to
remedy them.




1843-1845. Attends the Quarterly Meeting at Hertford-Illness —
Sandgate-Tonbridge Wells-Winter of great suffering —Removed
to Bath-Returns home-Death of her sister-in-law, Elizabeth Fry-.
Death of a grandson —Stay at Walmer-Death of a Grand-daughter
-Death of her son William —Of another Grand-daughter-Deep
Affliction-Return from Walmer-Death of a Niece-Visit to her
brother Joseph John Gurney —Parting with some of her children
for Madeira-Death of Sir T. Fowell Buxton-Visit to NorfolkEarlham-Northrepps-Yearly Meeting-" Ladies' British Society"
Meeting —Marriage of her youngest Son-Removal to RamsgateSuccessive parties of her family-Sudden increase of illness-Death
-Funeral-Concluding Remarks.
ON the 21st of Sixth Month, Elizabeth Fry attended the
Quarterly Meeting at Hertford, much to the comfort of
Friends there. She was accompanied by her brother Samuel
Gurney. This was the last time that she left home expressly
on religious service.  During the Seventh Month, she
wrote:Last First-day was not one to be forgotten; much of the
morning without clouds. My dear brother and sister Buxton
were at meeting. I felt it my duty to encourage the weary,
and enlarged upon our foolishness, yet how the Lord is made
unto His people wisdom, righteousness, sanctification, and
redemption.  There were some who appeared much im.
pressed. Through the whole of that day and into the next,
renewed peace rested on my spirit.
(619)




620       LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.    [1843
As the month passed on, Elizabeth Fry showed increasing
symptoms of illness; the consequence, doubtless, of bodily
fatigue and mental exertion; the effects of which were severely aggravated by a chill, from sitting one evening in the
garden at Upton Lane.
In this state of indisposition she went to Sandgate, being
additionally induced to go thither for the sake of her sisterin-law, Elizabeth Fry, whose declining health appeared to
require the invigorating influence of the sea air. The following extract was penned soon after her settlement there:Sandgate, Seventh JMonth, 29th. —I have been permitted to
pass through rather an unusual time of late, I think -
(alluding to a painful circumstance), hurt me, bodily and
mentally, and discouraged me. Our house was rather too
full for me, and I got too anxious (my easily besetting sin,)
about some nearest to me...... I find myself here in a
lovely place by the sea, the air delightful, and the house
pleasant. Thus the Lord provides for me in this my tried
estate. If it please my Holy Helper, may He soon see
meet to heal me.
First-day Afternoon. —No one of the family at home but
myself; how very unusual a circumstance. I have at times,
passed through a good deal of conflict and humiliation in this
indisposition, and it is a real exercise of faith to me, the way
in which I am tried by my illness. I suppose it arises from
my extremely susceptible nerves, that are so affected when
the body is out of order, as to cast' quite a veil over the mind.
I am apt to query whether I am not deceiving myself, in
supposing I am the servant of the Lord, so ill to endure
suffering, and to be so anxious to get rid of it; but it has
been my earnest prayer that I might truly say, "Not as I
will, but as Thou wilt." Lord! help me. I pray that I may
be enabled to cast all my burthen, and all my care upon
Thee, that I may rest in the full assurance of faith in Thy
love, pity, mercy, and grace. I pray Thee help me, that my




1843.]      LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  PRY.               621
soul may be less disquieted within me, and that I may more
trustfully and hopefully go on heavenward. Increase my
faith in Thy faithfulness, gracious Lord! whilst I believe
that those, who are once in grace, are not always in grace:
yet help me ever to feel that faithful art Thou, O Lord! who
hast called us out of darkness into Thy marvellous light;
and Thou only canst do it; therefore be pleased to hearken
to the prayer of Thy poor servant, increase her faith, and
be Thyself, for Thine own name' sake, not only the author,
but the finisher of it. Amen.
At Sandgate, she received the account of the death of a
lovely niece: nine weeks before, a beautiful and blooming
bride. In the state in which she then was, these tidings
were deeply affecting to her, and very sorrowfully she writes
respecting the event.'
"In how many ways the Lord teaches us; surely the
present is no common lesson."
To the bereaved family she wrote —" We live with you in
spirit; and with all most dear to the beloved departed. It
is sweet to remember that help is laid on One that is mighty,
who, blessed be His holy name, is ever near to His dependent servants."
After several distressing weeks, Elizabeth Fry was moved
to Tonbridge Wells, closely and faithfully nursed by her
two youngest daughters.
Tonbridge Wells, Ninth Month, 10th.-We are favoured
to be settled here in a comfortable house, where many accom
modations abound; which, in my delicate state, I find a real
help. I have been favoured to partake of sweet resting
sleep; thanks to my Heavenly Father for His great mercy.
About two weeks later, she writes-My case has been
rather increasingly distressing, from an almost total loss of
appetite, and at times great lowness. Many fears creep in
for my natural health, more particularly, as it respects the




622       LIFE OF ELIZABETH FRY.    [1843.
nervous system. Hitherto my Lord has said to the waves
that would overwhelm me, "so far shalt thou go, and no
further." And, merciful Lord, if it be Thy holy will, continue to keep them from overwhelming. Thy poor unworthy
servant, in this time of weakness and of frequent distress.
Let not the waterfloods prevail. When my spirit is overwhelmed within me, enable me to look to the Rock that is
higher than I, as a "refuge from the storm, a shadow from
the heat, when the blast of the terrible one is as a storm
against the wall."  Her stay at Tonbridge Wells did not
appear to be attended with any permanent benefit.
24th.-I desire, in this my sorrow and suffering, to cast
myself and my whole care on the Lord. I know that I am
poor, miserable, blind, and naked; and I look to my Lord
for everything. The kindness of all around me is great,
indeed wonderful to me, and their pleasure in being with
me comforting, for I feel as if I must be burdensome to
them. Most gracious Lord, if it be Thy will, let not this
be the case, but bless this trying, humbling illness to them,
as well as to myself; and may it please Thee to grant me
grace, minute by minute, to hold fast my confidence, stedfast unto the end, that continuing faithful unto death, I
may, through Thy merits, receive a crown of life!
She returned to Upton near the end of the Ninth Month,
and very reluctantly relinquished the hope of spending part
of the autumn in Norfolk. Her illness had its fluctuations,
but she did not come down stairs after the 5th of Tenth
Month. She, however, often told those around her, in her
great bodily suffering-that the everlasting arms were always
underneath her-that the under-current was peace and comfort, though the surface was a) much tempest-tossed.
Upton, Tenth Month, 10th.-My God hath not forgotten
to be gracious, or shut up His tender mercies from me; it
appears to me that all of nature is to be brought low, for all
that is of the Lord only, can stand the day of humiliation.




1843.]      LIFE OF ELIZABETH FrRY.                 623
I may thankfully say, I am quiet and sustained in spirit, but
do not often know peace to flow as a river, as at some former
times; still help is constantly near from  the sanctuary,
though I abide under a sense of deep unworthiness before
the Lord; but what can I do but wait in faith, until He be
pleased fully to clothe me with the garments of His righteousness and His salvation?- I feel I can do nothing for
myself.
One afternoon, when some members of her family were
reading with her, she was unable to attend to a very interesting religious biography, saying " it is too touching to me
-too affecting." She added, after a pause, " How I feel
for the poor when very ill; in a state like my own, for instance; when'good' ladies go to see them. —Religious
truths so strongly brought forward, often injudiciously."
She went on speaking on this subject, and then dwelt on
" the exquisite tenderness of the Saviour's ministrations;"' His tone and manner to sinnners!"
Soon afterwards she resumed, in the most impressive manner; saying, that "religious truth" was opened to her, and
supplied to her " inwardly, not by man's ministration, but
administered according to" her " need;" adding, " if I may
so say, it is my life."
She frequently spoke of not being called to active service
now, and that she had no desire as to recovery; on the contrary, she was "able quite to leave it."  Frequently she
repeated to those about her, " Ifeel the foundation underneath me sure."
One evening she opened her heart on her deep and earnest
desires for the good of her children. Of her "great sufferings"-" greater than any one knows"-that if they were
to last, no one could wish for her life; but soon added
"there is one thing I would willingly live for-the good of
my husband and children, and my fellow-creaturers."




624        LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.             [1843.
On the night of the 25th of Tenth Month, her spirit was
remarkably strengthened to declare her faith and hope in
God.  She quoted many passages of Scripture, to prove
that faith must work by love, and that faith, if true, must
produce works. She said, " with the text,'' He that keepeth
my sayings shall never see death,' take this one also,'He
that believeth on me shall never die.'"  She afterwards expressed, in a tone of the deepest feeling, her " perfect confidence," her " full assurance, that neither life, nor death, nor
angels, nor principalities, nor powers, nor things present, nor
things to come, nor height, nor depth, nor any other creature, should be able to separate" her " from the love of God
which is in Christ Jesus our Lord;" adding, " my whole
trust is in Him, my entire confidence."-" I know in whom I
have believed, and can commit all to Him, who has loved me
and given Himself for me; whether for life or death, sickness
or health, time or eternity."
In the course of the same day, she said very emphatically,
to one of her daughters, "I can say one thing-since my
heart was touched at seventeen years old, I believe I never
have awakened from sleep, in sickness or in health, by day
or by night, without my first waking thought being how best
I might serve my Lord."
Elizabeth Fry had greatly wished to attend the marriage
of her niece Anna, the only daughter of her beloved brother
Joseph John Gurney; but as the time approached, all hope
of accomplishing this passed away. With the promise of a
family Bible, (her favourite wedding present,) she sent this
note (dictated):
My dearest Anna,
I was very glad to receive thy note. I hope the Bible
will be ready in a few days; the one I had ready for thee,
I sent to Lady  ~, hoping that it would induce Lord   -
and her to have family reading. It is a great and unexpected
disappointment to me, to see no probability of being able to




1843.]      LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.               625
attend thy wedding, but "it is not in him that walketh, to
direct his steps;" the humiliation of my suffering may.. be
better for me than going to the house of rejoicing, and if so
permitted, we cannot doubt it. At all events, I think thou
art sure that few more earnestly desire thy peace and prosperity than I do, in spirituals and in temporals —that thyself,
and thy companion in life, may be enabled to serve the living
God faithfully, through the power of His Holy Spirit; and
that, through the faithfulness of the Saviour's love, His
richest grace and peace may be with you, in heights and in
depths, in sickness and in health, in riches and in poverty,
in life and in death. My very dear love to my sister Catherine, thy father and mother, and the rest of your circle, also
to thy dear intended husband. Thy much attached and
well-wishing aunt,
ELIZABETH FRY.
On First-day the 6th of Eleventh Month, her son William
and her youngest daughter being with her, a chapter in Job
was read to her, also the 3d of John; after which she
prayed, in a very striking manner, that when all the sorrows
andfluctuations of time were ended, "We might behold His
face in glory: that whilst here we might not deceive ourselves, but be true and decided followers of Him, who in
His own good time would arise with healing on His wings,
to deliver us from all our pain."
The following day, a very beautiful note being read to her,
from one who preceded her to the heavenly mansions, a few
days after writing it-in which, with reference to her, the
three first verses of the 41st Psalm were quoted; she lay
quiet for a short time, and then calling one of her daughters
to her bedside, said, " May they not be deceived!" " One
thing is certain, I have desired and sought to serve the Lord."
13th. —Her nephew, Edward Hoare, came to see her. He
sat down by her sofa and said to her, "My dear aunt, what
a consolation to know you to be of the church of God, which
79




626        LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.              [1843.
He hath purchased with His own blood." After a little
pause, she said with great humility, "'But we must avoid
false confidence." He replied, that there could be no false
confidence, when our hope is fixed on Christ alone. She
said with emphasis, " There, indeed, is nb false confidence;"
and added, that in this illness she had entirely felt without
carefulness; so able to commit every person and every thing,
and leave them in His hands; that she felt no service now
called for from her, only to endure, " as seeing Him who is
invisible."
She evinced a grateful feeling for every token of love and
care: she spoke with earnestness of the affectionate attentions
of her husband, and how kindly and patiently he assisted in
nursing her throughout this protracted season of suffering.
To her children in Norfolk she addressed some very sweet.sentences. After expressing (in her wonted humility) how
deeply she felt their kindness to her, she adds, —
" I may thankfully acknowledge, I not unfrequently partake of hours of rest and peace, through the tender mercy of
Him, who is touched with a feeling of our infirmities, and is
our ever-living Advocate. Times of sore conflict are now
and then permitted, but I have been sooner delivered out
of them, than I was. As to outward help, (with regard to
medicine,) I believe little can be done, but as'it respects
sympathy and care, much; but as I abound in these latter,
in such a remarkable degree, I trust, if it be the will of my
Heavenly Father, they may tend to raise up, if not that they
may be blessed to my soul."
At this time, a lovely infant child of her nephew and
niece Buxton was removed by death. Elizabeth Fry felt
much on the occasion. On the following day, being Firstday, Eleventh Month 26th, one of her sons, a daughter and
a little grandson being by her bedside, she prayed nearly as
follows, after the 18th chapter of Matthew had been read to
her:



1843.]     LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY..62'
Gracious Lord, grant that the promise to those, where two
or three are gathered together in Thy name, may be fulfilled
in our experience; and that Thou wilt look upon our whole
circle, as well as the little group now present.  Heal, as far
es is consistent with Thy will, and grant patience and submission to whatever Thou mayest order. Lord, enable us to
cut off the right hand, and pluck out the right eye, if they
are likely to lead us into temptation. For ourselves, and
those especially who are nearest to the little one whose spirit
passed to Thee yesterday, enable us to give thanks, that he
is among those innocent ones, whose angels, redeemed by the
mercy of Christ Jesus, are for ever in Thy presence. And
for all who are in affliction, we would ask Thy support.
One of the few remaining entries in her Journal is as
follows:
Upton, Twelfth JMonth, 7th.-Lord! undertake Thyself
for me; Thy arm of power can alone heal, help, and deliver; and in Thee do I trust, and hope; thougk at times
deeply tried and cast down before Thee; yet; 0 Lord!
Thou art my hope, and be therefore entreated of Thy poor,
sorrowful, and often afflicted servant, and arise for my help.
Leave not my poor soul destitute, but through the fulness of
Thine own power, mercy and love, keep me alive unto Thyself, unto the end! that nothing may separate me from Thy
love, that I may endure unto the end; and when the end
comes, that I may be altogether Thine, and dwell with Thee,
if it be but the lowest place within the gate, where I may
behold Thy glory, and Thy holiness, and for ever rest in
Thee.
I do earnestly entreat Thee, that to the very last I may
never deny Thee, or, in any way, have my life or conversation inconsistent with my love to Thee, and most earnest
desire to live to Thy glory; for I have loved Thee, O Lord,
and desired to serve Thee without reserve. Be entre:tted




628        LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.               [1843.
that through Thy faithfulness, and the power of Thy own
Spirit, I may serve Thee unto the end. Amen.
Her agony, from violent spasm and cramp pervading all
her frame, was frequently excruciating.
A few memoranda from the, journal of her son William,
are here introduced, not merely as illustrative of her state,
but as descriptive of his communication with the tenderlybeloved mother, whom he was to precede, by so short a
period, to the invisible world.
" The evening of the 29th, was one of the greatest suffering and distress; such as I never remember to have
witnessed.  But, through all, her faith was triumphant, and
her confidence unshaken.  I endeavoured to remember a
few of her expressions, and have succeeded in calling to
mind the following:"' I believe this is not death, but it is as passing through
the valley of the shadow of death, and perhaps with more
suffering, from more sensitiveness; but the rock' is here;''the distress is awful, but He has been with me.'
" I feel that He is with me, and will be with me even to
the end. David says,'why hast thou forsaken me?' I do
not feel that I am forsaken. In my judgment I believe this
is not death, but it is as death.  It is nigh unto death.' She
frequently expressed fears of being impatient.'May none
of you be called to pass through such a furnace; but still
my sufferings have been mitigated through mercy and grace!
fulness of grace! Now my dear William, be stedfast, im,
moveable, always abounding in the work of the Lord; and
then thy labour shall not be in vain in the Lord. O! the
blessedness of having desired to be on the Lord's side! (not
that I have any merit of my own). I cannot express, even
in my greatest trials and tribulations, the blessedness of His
service.  Mly life has been a remarkable one; much have I
had to go through, more than mortal knows, or even can




1844.]    L I FE OF ELI ZABETH  FRY.                629
know; my sorrows at times have been bitter; but my consolations sweet! In my lowest estates, through grace, my
love to my Master has never failed, nor to my family, nor to
my fellow-mortals. This illness may be for death, or it may
not, according to His will; but He will never forsake me,
even should He be pleased to take me this night.'"
On the first of Second Month, her son William, her brother, Samuel Gurney, and two of her daughters, being
around her bed, she prayed in a low voice, and at broken
intervals, to the following purport:For help for this poor afflicted servant in her deep tribulation, that in passing through the floods they should not
overflow her, and through the fire she should not be burned;
that these trials in the hands of the great Refiner might tend
to more perfect purification and refinement, and preparation
for His service, whether in time or in eternity; but she
wholly left this to His will. That if raised up, she desired
it might only be to more entire devotedness to His service,
and as an instrument to spread the knowledge of Christ and
Ihis truth amongst her fellow-mortals; and that mercy might
be granted in body, soul, and spirit, to her husband, children,
brothers, and sisters, and all beloved by her, even by Him
whom she had steadily loved and desired to serve from childhood, though, through sore temptation and tribulation.
In the evening of the same day, she expressed her certainty of the truths of Revelation, saying, " I know my
foundation to be sure, I feel the rock always underneath me."
The following morning, on her son William's reading an
expression of love and sympathy from her eldest grandson,
who had been placed in the army, and who, though so unfavourably circumstanced, was religiously inclined, she said,
" My very dear love to him: tell him to be stedfast, immoveable, always abounding in the work of the Lord, for ip




630        LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.               [1844.
wiatever circumstances, it will not be in vain in  the
Lord."*
Her only absent daughter was at this time again summoned
from Norfolk. Her mother had suffered, for some days before,
with most painful neuralgic symptoms, but just then there
was a degree of respite; the change, however, since she had
seen her last, was sorrowful indeed to witness, and could
but lead to the most alarming apprehensions. She spoke of
her own recovery as a thing hidden from herself, and concerning which she had no desire. One day it was said to
her, " that many a Christian had slept in this world, and to
their own surprise awakened in glory;" she exclaimed directly, with most striking emphasis, " Oh! what a sweet
thought." She spoke occasionally of her "' timid nature;"
of her "natural fear of death;" but on Second-day night,
the 19th, when very low in body and spirit, she said emphatically, " should I never see the light of another morning,
remember I am safe."
Her dependence on her Saviour, and utter rejection of
every merit of her own, was entire. On one occasion, she
said, when suffering extreme pain, " I am nothing, I have
nothing; I am poor, miserable, naked, helpless. I can do
nothing, but my Saviour is every thing, all-sufficient —my
light, my life, my joy, my eternal hope of glory."
To one of the " nursing sisters" who was attending her,
she thus expressed herself: "I am of the same mind as Paul,
I can say,'to me to live is Christ, but to die is gain.' What
a grand thought it is! everlasting to everlasting, without
trouble and without pain; to meet there, and together be for
ever with Christ."
She was comforted, as were her attendants, by occasional
visits from members of her own religious persuasion, and
other Christian friends. Prayer was offered, from time to time,
* This young man, then twenty two years of age, gave evidence of
a decided christian principle, which greatly consoled his beloved
grandmother. He soon afterwards left the army.




1844.]     LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.               631
in her chamber. The visits of her sister Buxton were a true
solace to her, she clung to her with inexpressible affection.
Her illness was a subject of tender interest and concern amongst all classes. To an intimate friend, who
repeatedly visited her about this time, when she was
with difficulty able to sit up during a few hours of the day,
she dwelt, in a very clear and instructive manner, upon her
own state, bodily and mentally. She expressed her belief
that her illness was permitted for some special purpose, as it
regarded herself, her family, and perhaps many others;said she could not see what the termination of it was designed to be, adding, " I have had to look over all my life,
and to review all the engagements which I have been led
into."  She spoke of her visit to the Mansion House, and of
her meeting the King of Prussia there, and said she had
never known a more deeply humiliating occasion; adding,
"I cannot doubt that I was rightly led there, and none can
think what I went through." Soon afterwards, she said to
the same friend, "My life has been one of great vicissitude;
mine has been a hidden path, hidden from every human eye.
I have had deep humiliations and sorrows to pass through.
I can truly say, I have'wandered in the wilderness in a
solitary way, and found no city to dwell in;' and yet how
wonderful I have been sustained. I have passed through
many and great dangers, many ways;-I have been tried
with the applause of the world, and none know how great
a trial that has been, and the deep humiliations of it; and
yet I fully believe that it is not near so dangerous as being
made much of in religious society. There is a snare even in
religious unity, if we are not on the watch. I have sometimes felt, that it was not so dangerous to be made much of
in the world, as by those whom we think highly of in our
own Society: the more I have been made much of by the
world, the more I have been inwardly humbled."  She
added, "I could often adopt the words of Sir Francis
Bacon,' When I have ascended before men, I have descended
in humiliation before God.'"




632        LIFE OF ELIZABETH FR Y.    [1844.
To the same friend, who again visited her on the 27th of
the following Month, and found her very ill and low, and who
expressed a hope that she might yet be better, she said, " I
have not yet seen how it will terminate-sometimes I have
thought that perhaps I may be partially raised up, but I lay
no stress on it." Afterwards she said with tears, " Oh, He
is a covenant-keeping God! He- keepeth covenant and
mercy-Oh, may I ever keep hold of his mercy!"  On the
29th, the same friend being again with her, and perceiving
that she was much depressed, remarked, " I believe there is an
open door set before thee, although thou mayst not always be
able to perceive it open." The precious invalid wept much,
and after a time said, " Oh yes! It is an open door." Presently she continued, " The Lord is gracious and full of compassion, I believe He will never leave me nor forsake me;"
and after a solemn pause, she added, " I have passed through
deep baptisms of spirit in this illness,-I may say, unworthy
as I am to say it, that I have had to drink, in my small measure, of the Saviour's cup, when He said,'My God! My
God! why hast thou forsaken me?' Some of my friends
have thought there was a danger of my being exalted, but I
believe the danger has been on the opposite side, of my being
too low."  She afterwards said, with much sweetness, "1I
feel that He is gracious and full of compassion, and that He
will not leave me destitute; and I trust He will never suffer
me to dishonour His holy name." On the friend taking
leave of her, she desired her dear love to several individuals,
and added, " I love all my friends-I love every one."
As the spring advanced, there was a perceptible improvement, less severity of pain, and rather more appetite; she
was moved now and then into another room, in a wheeled
chair, and she began strongly to wish to be taken to Bath
for the benefit of the waters. Her family feared to venture
on such a trial of her little remaining strength; but, after
many weeks of difficulty and doubt, it was decided that the
attempt should be made, and her husband accomplished her




1844.]      LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.               63~
removal to Bath. Her brother and sister Buxton were already there; and the closeness of the union, natural and
spiritual, which subsisted amongst them, rendered their
being near each other an important solace to them all. Various members of their families successively joined them;
amongst others, her son William, and his little Emma.
How mercifully does the Almighty Disposer of events
conceal, from His frail and feeble creatures, the knowledge
of the future! Much of sorrow and infirmity oppressed some
of this little band, but they could not foresee how soon the
brightest of them were to be laid low.
Elizabeth Fry gained strength at Bath, and was unques.
tionably in better health on her return home. But she was
closely touched by the rapid decline of her sister-in-law,
Elizabeth Fry. They had been affectionately united for a
long course of years. They had travelled together as ministers; they had, year after year, sat, side by side, in the
Meeting-house at Plaistow, and now in her low and weakened
condition, the severing of this tie was to her very
painful.
Her sister died on the 2nd of the Seventh month in great
peace.
There was an extraordinary weight upon Elizabeth Fry's
spirit; she dwelt much, and often, on the invisible world;
her sleep partook of these impressions.  She dreamed that
she saw, as she said, that " there were graves opened all
around" her. Did not coming events cast their shadows
before? And was not she thus, in some measure, prepared
for the sorrows that were to follow? Her little grandson
Gurney Reynolds, a very delicate child, was an especial object
of interest to her; he was frequently with her, delighting in
her gentle tenderness, and in the pursuits which she provided
for him, so. well suited to his feeble health. He left her not
more unwell than usual. Tidings came of his being worse,
and three days afterwards that his patient, lamb-like spirit,
80




634         LIE  F0P  ELIZABETH PRY.             [1845.
had departed as he lay upon the sofa in his mother's room.
This was the 18th of the Seventh Month.
On the morning of his funeral she wrote to his parents:My dearest Foster and Chenda,
I deeply feel my separation from you this day; I long to
be present with you to minister to your consolation. You
have my earnest prayers that the best help may be with you,
sustaining, healing, comforting you; enabling you to behold
your beloved child at rest in Jesus; consequently that death
has lost its sting, and the grave its victory. In the midst of
this sore trial, may grace, mercy, and peace continue to be
with you; and in Iis own time, may the Lord grant you
"beauty for ashes, the oil of joy for mourning, and the garment of praise for the spirit of heaviness."
Your tenderly attached and sympathizing mother,
ELIZABETH FRY.
She had long and earnestly desired again to attend the
Meeting for worship, at Plaistow  It was proposed from one
First-day to another; but the difficult process of dressing
was never accomplished till after eleven o'clock, the hour
when the meeting assembled. An attempt was made on the
28th of the Seventh Month, but it failed. Her disappointment
was great, and the hold it took of her spirits so grievous,
that it was resolved to make the effort, at any cost, on the
following First-day.  Her son William undertook to carry
out her wishes-drawn by himself and a younger son, in her
wheeled chair, she was taken to the Meeting, a few minutes
after Friends had assembled, followed by her husband, her
children, and attendants.  Her son William seated himself
closely by her side, and the rest near her. The silence
that prevailed was singularly solemn. After some time, in a
clear voice she addressed the Meeting. The prominent topic
on which she enlarged was "' the death of the righteous;"
she expressed the deepest thankfulness, alluding to her sister
Elizabeth Fry, for the mercies vouchsafed to "one, who




1844.]      LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                635
having laboured long amongst them, had been called from
time to eternity."  She quoted that text, "Blessed are the
dead who die in the Lord, for they rest from their labours,
and their works do follow them."  She dwelt on the purposes of affliction, on the utter weakness and infirmity of the
flesh; she tenderly exhorted the young also, "the little
children amongst us," referring to the death of little Gurney
Reynolds. She urged the need of devotedness of heart and
steadiness of purpose; she raised a song of praise for the
eternal hope offered to the Christian, and concluded with
those words in Isaiah, —" Thine eyes shall see the King in his
beauty, they shall behold the land that is very far off." Prayer
was soon afterwards offered by her, in much the same strain.
He joined her in that solemn act, who never was to worship
with her again, till, as we reverently trust, before the throne
of God and the Lamb, they should unite in that ineffable
song of praise, which stays not day nor night, for ever!
It being considered desirable that she should have the
benefit of change and sea air, she was removed to Walmer:
whence she wrote:I walk in a low valley; still I believe I may say the everlasting arm is underneath, and the Lord is near to me. I
pass through deep waters, but trust, as my Lord is near to
me, they will not overflow me. I need all your prayers in
my low estate; I think that the death of my sister, and dear
little Gurney, have been almost too much for me.
Thus was this servant of God permitted to go sorrowing
on her way. But the storm had not blown over; again
the thunder-clouds rolled up. On the 15th of the Eighth
Month, the lovely little Juliana, the second daughter of her
son William, one of the sweetest blossoms that could glad.
den the heart of a parent, was cut off after thirty hours' in.
explicable illness. One day, however, but too fully sufficed
to unfold the mystery: three of the servants at Manor House
being attacked by scarlet fever. But all preceding sorrows




636        LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.            [1844.
seemed light in comparison, when the beloved head of that
house was himself laid low by the awful malady. He had
written on the death of his aunt shortly before: " Yesterday,
we followed the remains of our dear aunt to the grave. We
have the comfort of feeling assured, that she has entered
into the joy of her Lord. May such be the case with us all!
-but if we would'die the death of the righteous,' as the
righteous we must do our day's work in the day."
All stood aghast on hearing of his illness, and with distressful suspense awaited the accounts from hour to hour, and
day to day.
" He surely will not be taken-so fearful an overthrow, so
terrible a blow cannot be coming!" thus spoke hope and natural affection; but there was a response from the inmost
heart of those who had watched his life and conversation,
his increased religious thoughtfulness, the simple earnestness
of his piety-and this response whispered —" is not the Master
calling for him?"
The children were removed to Plashet Cottage, vacant
from the death of Elizabeth Fry. As one and another
showed symptoms of fever, they were carried back to Manor House. The servants continued to sicken successively,
and were conveyed to a ward prepared for them at Guy's
Hospital. The help of the " Nursing Sisters " became invaluable, two or three being in constant attendance. For about
a week, strong hopes were entertained that the most precious
life would be spared to his family, but such a result was not
accordant with the divine will. On the day of the funeral
of his little Juliana, he had asked to have his door open, that
he might see the coffin as it was borne by, when, to the
"Nursing Sister" by his side, he exclaimed, "I shall go to
her, but she shall never return to me."
The fever ran its course, the excitement attending it came
and went, but there was no recovering; all seemed to depend
upon his powers of taking nourishment. He was calm, even
cheerful; there appeared to be little, if any suffering; he




1844.]     LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.               637
perfectly knew his danger, he said that he "should like to
recover, if it were right," but he was "-quite willing to leave
it in God's hand." When it was remarked to him, how
great the mercy that sustaining patience had been granted
him, he held up his hand with a great effort, and most emphatically replied, " God never has forsaken me, no, not for a
moment, and He never will." As his last day commenced
upon earth, his window wide open by the bed-side, and the
sweet morning air blowing freshly in, he spoke of the fair
view to be seen from it, and listened with interest, as the
scene was described to him, the grey tints passing from the
garden and terrace, and leaving them in light and sunshine.
He spoke of his place, of his family, of his many blessings.
Some little effort exhausting him, a stimulant was given; as
he recovered, with a bright smile he exclaimed, " God is
so good!" and they were his last words. Never, perhaps,
was a dying bed more peaceful-more satisfactory the evidence that God was his refuge.
"Can our mother hear this, and live?" was the natural
exclamation of her children. None need have feared her
enduring the blow, for He who sent it bestowed His Holy
Spirit with it. The Christian's faith proved stronger than the
mother's anguish. She wept abundantly, almost unceasingly,
but she dwelt constantly on the unseen world, and on those
passages in the Bible which spoke of the happy state of the
righteous.  Her natural affections and interests were also, in
no small degree, occupied for his widow and children, all
his little ones having the fever.
The medical men insisted on the necessity of every one
quitting the house. The little children were carried back to
Plashet Cottage, where the others had become ill, and with
the exception of three servants in one corner of the basement
story, the house was deserted.
Elizabeth Fry was earnest to hear everything, and to have
all particulars given her. The illness of her grandchildren
occupied much of her thoughts; the accounts from them




638        LIFE OF ELIZABETH  PRY.              [1844,
continued to fluctuate; but, Second-day, the second of Ninth
Month, brought a more unfavourable report of Emma-the
eldest. On the following morning she also was taken. She
was a religious child, and no doubt rests in Jesus, whom she
had loved and desired to obey. One grave contains the
mortal remains of the father and his daughters.
The following First-day was a memorable one; the two
last chapters of the Revelation were read, and then some
memoranda concerning the beloved departed, and their
closing hours upon earth. This was followed by solemn
thrilling prayer, offered by their mother for those who
remained, and for herself in her " low estate:"-for such as
had fought the good fight, kept the faith, and obtained the
victory, thanksgiving and praise!
Her own journal, written before the last blow fell, tells
her feelings:Walmer, Eighth Morth, 29th. —Sorrow  upon sorrow!
Since I last wrote, we have lost by death, first, my beloved
sister5 Elizabeth Fry; second, Gurney Reynolds, our sweet,
good grandson; third, Juliana Fry, my dearest William and
Julia's second daughter; and fourth, above all, our most beloved son, William Storrs Fry, who appeared to catch the
infection of his little girl, and died on Third-day, of scarlet
fever, the 27th of this month. A loss inexpressible-such a
son, husband, friend, and brother! but I trust that he is for
ever at rest in Jesus, through the fulness of His love and
grace.  The trial is almost inexpressible.  Oh! may the
Lord sustain us in this time of deep distress. Oh, dear
Lord! keep thy unworthy, and poor, sick servant, in this
time of unutterable trial; keep me sound in faith, and clear
in mind, and be very near to us all-the poor widow and
children in this time of deepest distress, and grant that this
awful dispensation may be blessed to our souls. Amen.
This tenderly beloved child attended me to Meeting the last
First-day I was at home, and sat by me on the women's side.




1844.]     LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                639
Oh, gracious Lord! bless and sanctify to us all, this afflicting
trial, and cause it to work for our everlasting good; and be
very near to the poor dear widow and fatherless; and may
we all be drawn nearer to Thee and Thy kingdom cf rest
an(l peace, where there will be no more sin, sickness, death,
and sorrow.
The return home was sorrowful indeed; the void-the
want so great, of a member of the circle, who, whilst he was
the tried friend and faithful counsellor, was wont to bring
with him an atmosphere of cheerfulness and love.
Another beloved son, William Champion Streatfield, had
taken the fever, one of her " married children," as she designated those, not by birth connected with her.  On the
day of her return from Walmer, all hope of his recovery was
abandoned.
It is possible that her intense anxiety, whilst the life of
one so dear hung suspended as on a thread, and then the
gradual deliverance from it, in some degree, tended to withdraw her thoughts from the afflictions which had preceded
it. Her mind was also occupied in sympathy with her bereaved daughter-in-law.
In a letter, she wrote:Upton, Tenth Month, 13th.-We returned from Walmer
on the 17th of the Ninth Month.  We first went to my dear
brother Gurney's, at Ham House, where I was received with
every kindness.  Our beloved daughter Julia was here when
we came home, and stayed a few days afterwards. She was
then removed to her sister's, where she (I may thankfully
say) has since been confined. She has a sweet little girl,
and is doing well. So we see that the Lord gives, and the
Lord takes away, blessed be His holy name!
About six weeks after the decease of her son, she was
again favoured with strength to attend the Meeting at Plaistow. The occasion was a memorable one. She was led, with
great power and solemnity, to address the different classes




640        LIFE OF E  IZABETH  FRY.             [1844.
then assembled; and perhaps few could remember a Meeting
in which her gift in the ministry had been exercised with
greater weight and clearness, or with a more remarkable appropriateness to the varied conditions of those who were
present: and she afterwards supplicated with a degree of
heavenly power and unction that deeply affected many
hearts. From this time she continued frequently to labour
amongst her friends in the ministry of the word; and her
bodily strength gradually increased; so that, though very
feeble, she was able, with some assistance, to walk a little.
To her sister Elizabeth Gurney, who had been from home,
she wrote:Upton, Tenth fMonth, 21st.
My dearest Elizabeth,
I must thank thee before thy return home for thy sweet
letter, but as we hope soon to meet, I will not say much. I
also received one from our dear sister Eliza, which I hope
to answer in a day or two.
I cannot give a very bright account of us, as I feel very
poorly, very low and flat, and that we have many causes of
deep sorrow-the effect of William's loss is hardly to be
told. But I desire always to feel that our God is able to
supply our needs, through the riches of His grace, in Christ
Jesus our Lord.
I long to visit Earlhanm, but I fear that the season is too
far advanced.
May you all feel for, and remember us, in our very low
estate, and hoping soon to see your party home, I am with
dear and tender love to all of you, including John and his
sweet wife,
Thy much attached sister,
ELIZABETH FRY.
On the 1st of the Eleventh Month she addressed her last
written communication to the Committee of the " Ladies'
British Society."




1844.]    LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                 641
My much-loved Friends,
Amidst many sorrows, that have been permitted for me to
pass through, and bodily suffering, I still feel a deep and
lively interest in the cause of poor prisoners; and earnest is
my prayer that the God of all grace may be very near to
help you to be steadfast'in the important Christian work, of
seeking to win the poor wanderers to return, repent and
live; that they may know Christ to be their Saviour, Redeemer, and hope of glory. May the Holy Spirit of God
direct your steps, strengthen your hearts, and enable you
and me to glorify our Holy Head, in doing and suffering,
even unto the end: and when the end comes, through a
Saviour's love and merits, may we be received into glory and
everlasting peace.
In christian love and fellowship,
I am affectionately your friend,
ELIZABETH FRY.
A new sorrow awaited her. On the 1st of Twelfth Month,
Catherine Hankinson, the daughter of her late beloved sister
Louisa Hoare, died-a few days after her infant son.
Though young in years, she was not young in religious experience; devoted in heart and life, she was apparently ripe
for glory, when it pleased the Lord to take her.
On this affecting event, Elizabeth Fry wrote:Eleventh Month, 2nd-The accounts of to-day are deeply
affecting-to have the grave once more (and so soon) opened
amongst us. What can we say but that " it is the Lord;"
for the flesh is very weak, and these things are hard to our
nature. I have felt the pain of this fresh sorrow, but desire
that all most closely concerned may find Him very near to
them, who " healeth the broken in heart, and bindeth up their
wounds."  My love and sympathy to all most nearly interested. We have our poor dear Julia and her children here,
and very touching it is to be with them. I am, I think,
81




642        LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.    [1844.
just now very poorly, and much cast down, but I remember
the scriptural words, " cast down, but not destroyed."
This "fresh sorrow" involved much personal loss and
grief to one of her daughters, which occasioned her writing
to her two days later, the following sweet and instructive
lines:A few lines of most tender love to thee and thine. My
spirit is so muceh broken within me, and bowed down, that I
cannot write much. As the body so much affects the mind,
I feel the more sunk under our trials from my state of illness; still the Lord sustains me in mercy and in lcve. I
need all your prayers in this time of deep affliction, and
you need mine. May our Lord sanctify our deep afflictions
to us, that they may work for us here, the peaceable fruits
of righteousness, and hereafter a far more exceeding and
eternal weight of glory.
The increasing illness of her brother-in-law, Sir T. Fowell
Buxton, occupied much of her thoughts, and excited her
tenderest feelings, and she wrote the following to his eldest
daughter, Priscilla Johnston:Twelfth Month, 1844.
My dearest Priscilla,
Thanks for thy kindness in writing to me at this time of
deep sorrow; but strange to say, before thy note came, I had
been so much with you in spirit, that I was ready to believe
thy dearest father was sinking. I have felt such unity with
him spiritually. My text for him, in my low state this
morning, was, "The sun shall be no more thy light by day;
neither for brightness shall the moon give light unto thee:
but the Lord shall be unto thee an everlasting light, and thy
God thy glory!" I believe this will be his most blessed experience, whenever our Lord takes him to Himself. I write
with difficulty and in haste, but my heart is so very full




1845.]    LIFE OF ELIZABETH FRY.                    643
towards you, that I must express myself. My dear love to
every one of your tenderly beloved party, particularly thy
mother. I feel as it respects thy dearest father, whether a
member of the Church militant, or the Church triumphant,
all is well-and we may, through all our tribulations, return
God thanks, who giveth us the victory, through Jesus Christ
our Lord! Most near and tender love to you all.
I am,
Thy much attached aunt,
E. F.
To the same, on the last day of the year:Upton, Twelfth Month, 31st.
My dearest Priscilla,
Thy mother's and thy letters have been truly consoling.
I dwell much with you in spirit, and I feel nea.r sympathy
and unity with your beloved invalid, and with you all. How
weighty to come to the close of this year, wherein so much
has passed! "The Lord has given, and the Lord has taken
away;" but through all we may say, " blessed be the name
of the Lord!" I desire your prayers, (for my estate is a
very low one,) for myself, for my husband and children; as
we have all been brought very, very low before the Lord.
May our afflictions be sanctified to us; not leading us to the
world for consolation, but more fully to cast ourselves on
Him who died for us, and hath loved us with an everlasting
love. I write sadly, as it is difficult to do it, my hands are
so much affected by my general state of health. With thy
dearest father, I have felt in life no common religious bond.
How sweet, how blessed to feel, that we have'"one Lord,
one faith, one baptism."
On the 19th of Second Month, her beloved brother Buxton was removed by death.
Though of a different character, another trial awaited her.
Iher son-in-law William Champion Streatfield, had not rallied
from the effects of the fever, and he was now ordered, with



644        LIFE  O:F ELIZABETH  FRY.            [1845.
out further delay, to Madeira. To part from him, and especially from her daughter, was very grievous to her. It was
not merely the pain and sorrow of losing the society of this
beloved child, which she felt so acutely, but the peculiar and
protracted nature of her own illness had rendered her exceedingly dependent on those who, like her daughter Hannah,
had so largely shared in the attendance upon her. Two of
their children remained near their grandmother, the others
with their parents took their departure on the 16th of the
First Month. She committed them in earnest supplication,
to Him, whom winds and waves obey, and with whom are
the issues of life;-and so they parted, never to meet again
on earth.
There was one thing which rested upon her mind. A
strong desire again to visit Norfolk, and stay once more at
Earlham. With great difficulty it was accomplished; her
husband and daughter Louisa taking her there. She remained at Earlham many weeks; often able to partake of
enjoyment, and highly valuing the communion with her
endeared brother Joseph John Gurney, his wife, and her
beloved sister Catherine.
She went frequently to Meeting at Norwich.  She was
drawn up the Meeting, seated in her wheeled chair, and
thence ministered with extraordinary life and power to those
present; her memory in using Scripture, in no degree failing
her, or her power in applying it.
She went forward to Northrepps, in order to mingle her
sorrows with those of her much beloved and bereaved sister
Buxton, and other mourners there. The last letter she ever
addressed to her husband was from that place, dated Fourth
Month, 10th, 1845:My dearest Husband,
I am anxious to express to thee a little of my near love,
and to tell thee how often I visit thee in spirit, and how very
strong are my desires for thy present and thy everlasting




1845.]      LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.               645
welfare. I feel for thee in my long illness, which so much
disqualifies me from being all I desire to thee.  I desire that
thou mayst turn to the Lord for help and consolation under
thy trials, and that, whilst not depending on the passing
pleasures and enjoyments of this world, thou mayst, at the
same time, be enabled to enjoy our many remaining blessings.
I also desire this for myself in my afflicted state, (for I do
consider such a state of health a heavy affliction,) independent of all other trials.  I very earnestly desire for myself,
that the deep tribulation I have had to pass through, for so
long a time, may not lead into temptation, but be sanctified
to the further refinement of my soul, and preparation for
eternal rest, joy, and glory. May we, during our stay in
time, be more and more sweetly united in the unity of the
Spirit, and in the bond of peace......
After she left Earlham, she went, for a few days, to Runcton, as it was thought better than her going to Lynn. Her
children met her, and stayed with her there. Before she left
Norfolk, she heard of the intended marriage of her youngest
son. The prospect of this connection was peculiarly agreeable to her. Towards this, her last-born child, her motherly
care had been specially extended. She was affectionately
attached to her future daughter-in-law, and her being a
member of the Society of Friends afforded her no small.
comfort.  It was indeed a boon for all who loved her, to feel
that she returned home under a ray of sunshine, and that
the brightness of this event, to her feelings, was permitted a
little to enlighten the last few months of her home life. The
various arrangements and preparations connected with it, occupied, without wearying her mind, and her attention was,
in some degree, withdrawn from dwelling upon her sorrows
and deprivations. In her eldest grand-daughter, the firstborn of her eldest son, and bearing her own name, she had,
during this spring, a helpful, cheerful companion, who, with
the elasticity of youth, (which is so pleasant to the infirm




646        LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                 [1845
and declining,) cheered, whilst she cared for her grandmother.
She had also many visitors, who came to her in their abun.
dant kindness; for the hearts of all who loved her, were
drawn out towards her in tender and affectionate interest,
and many besides her own relatives and connections, with the
excellent of the earth of various ranks and denominations,
would drive down to Upton Lane, and sit awhile by her side,
once again to partake of the sweetness and instruction derived
from fellowship with her heavenly spirit.
In the latter party of Fifth Month, accompanied by her
grand-daughter, Elizabeth Fry, she attended two sittings
of the Women's Yearly Meeting of Friends in London: a
Friend who was present thus narrates this occasion: —
"She had for many years, been regular in her attendance upon
these Meetings, and had taken a lively interest in their proceedings.
After an illness so critical, and still in a state of such great infirmity,
to see her again amongst them, was scarcely less gratifying to many
of the Friends there, than it was interesting to herself. On
this occasion she spoke of the Saviour's declaration,'I am the
vine,-ye are the branches,-as the branch cannot bear fruit of
itself, except it abide in the vine, no more San ye, except ye
abide in me.' She alluded, in the course of her observations, to
the day that is' fast approaching to every one;' but urged the
blessed truth on her hearers, that those' who loved,. served, and
obeyed Him, who alone is worthy of all glory and praise, would find
death deprived of its sting, and the grave of its victory.' The
second Meeting she attended, was one when a Friend, Edwin O. Tregelles, gave a relation of his missionary labours in the West Indies.
This recital drew from her, some account of her own travels on the
Continent. She afterwards enlarged upon the various instruments,
by which God accomplishes His own works in the world. She referred to the simile of the different living stones, which compose the
temple of God. She addressed those of every age who heard her,
especially such as might be compared to the hidden stones of the
building.  She encouraged them to go forward faithfully in the path
of righteousness and good works; for, though they might not be
so much seen and known, as the more polished stones in the orna




1845.]       LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                 647
mental parts of the structure-though perhaps not so fitted to
shine, or to occupy a conspicuous situation-yet were their places
equally ordered, equally important, and equally under the direction
and all-seeing eye of the Divine Architect. She expressed her
doubts, as to whether she should again be permitted to meet her
beloved Friends in that place.-She offered prayer, her rich full
voice filling the house; and concluded with that sublime passage,'Great and marvellous are Thy works, Lord God Almighty, just
and true are Thy ways, thou King of Saints.'"
On the 3rd of Sixth Month, Elizabeth Fry was present
at the Annual Meeting of the "Ladies British Society."
To spare her fatigue, the Committee kindly arranged to
hold it in the Friends' Meeting-house at Plaistow, instead
of the one at Westminster, which hitherto had been the
place chosen.
At the Committee of the Society, held on the 3rd of the
Eleventh Month following, there was drawn up by its members, a touching memorial of the feelings they entertained
towards her.
In it they speak of this Meeting:"Contrary to usual custom, the place of Meeting fixed on was
not in London, but at Plaistow in Essex; and the large number
of Friends who gathered round her upon that occasion, proved
how gladly they came to her, when she could no longer with ease
be conveyed to them. The enfeebled state of her bodily frame
seemed to have left the powers of her mind unshackled, and she
took, though in a sitting posture, almost her usual part, in repeatedly addressing the Meeting. She urged, with increased
pathos and affection, the objects of philanthropy and Christian
benevolence, with which her life had been identified. After the
Meeting, and at her own desire, several members of the Committee,
and other Friends, assembled at her house. They were welcomed
by her with the greatest benignity and kindness, and in her intercourse with them, strong were the indications of the heavenly
teaching, through which her subdued and sanctified spirit had
been called to pass. Her affectionate salutation in parting, uncon



648        LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.    [1845.
sciously closed, in regard to most of. them, the intercourse which
they delighted to hold with her, but which can no more be renewed
on this side of the eternal world."
On this occasion. when Elizabeth Fry attended, for the
last time, the Meeting of the ":British Ladies' Society,"
she had the satisfaction of knowing that Newgate, Bridewell, the Millbank Prison, the Giltspur Street Compter,
White Cross Street Prison, Tothill Fields Prison, and Cold
Bath Fields Prison, were all in a state of comparative order;
some exceedingly well arranged, and the female convicts in
all, more or less visited and cared for by members of the
Committee.  The prisons generally throughout England
much improved, and in the greater number, ladies encouraged to visit the female convicts.  She had, unquestionably, accomplished much, and above all had the joy of
knowing, that the principles which she had so long asserted
were universally recognized;-that the object of penal legislation is not revenge, but the prevention of crime; in the
first place, by affording opportunity of reform to the criminal, and in the second, by warning others, from the consequences of its commission. But there was one thing which
she was not permitted to see accomplished, —a refuge for
every erring and repentant sinner of her own sex; the opportunity of reformation for all who desired to reform.
There are those, who have striven to connect the memory
and the name of Elizabeth Fry, with such a shelter for the
outcasts of our great metropolis; —and they have had the
satisfaction of seeing their benevolent effort, to a considerable degree, successful, in the establishment of the " Elizabeth
Fry Refuge."
On the 26th of Sixth Month, her youngest son was mar
ried. She described the Meeting as "a very solemn one,
something like a token for good;" and spoke of the connexion as a "ray of light upon a dark picture."
There was, (she wrote,) through all the real brightness of




1845.]     LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                649
the occasion, a deep feeling of the past; when dear Julia's
children joined us in the afternoon, then the miss of dearest
William was keenly to be felt.  Champion and Hannah too
so very far off, that there was much to cloud over the scene,
as well as my poor state of health, making it more difficult
to estimate my many present blessings, as I ought and desire
to do.
As the summer advanced, sea air was considered desirable
for her, and after some difficulty her husband obtained a
house at Ramsgate, exactly suited to her necessities.  She
went for a week to see it, and to make her own arrangements,
accompanied by her husband and her daughter Richenda.
The day before leaving home, she wrote to her brother and
sister Gurney:My dearest Samuel and Elizabeth,
I have rather longed to bid you farewell, before accompanying my husband to Ramsgate for a few days. My heart
is much with you, and our dear brother Joseph also, just
now.  I particularly feel for you in your conflicts, as well as
your joys. Humiliations we must expect to pass through, if
we are to drink of the cup our Lord drank of, and be baptised with the baptism that He was baptised with; therefore
we must not fear, but when our spirits are overwhelmed
within us, we must look to the "rock that is higher than
we, as a shelter from the storm, a shadow from the heat,
when the blast of the terrible one is as a storm against the
wall."
From Ramsgate, she wrote, for the last time, to her eldest
daughter:Ramsgate, Seventh Month, 5th.
I much desire to be at our own Meeting on First-day, with
dearest Harry and Lucy, and hope it may please a kind
Providence to enable me to do so.
I have felt very poorly here in the morning, more so than
usual, which has been rather discouraging. I much like the
82




650       LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.             [1845.
house as far as I have seen it, but I have not been up stairs.
I have felt unusually lovw, and am sensible of my poor condition, as it is most feelingly brought home to me id almost
every friesh effort. I desire in heart to say, " Not as I will,
but as Thou wilt." I think none of my friends need fear
(as I believe they used to do,) my being exalted by the good
opinion of my fellow-mortals. I think my state is "cast
down, but not destroyed."  May my Lord, whom I have
loved and sought to serve, keep me alive unto Himself, and
may He clothe me with His armour that I may " stand in the
evil day, and after having done all, stand."
The return of her son and his young bride, to Upton
Lane, she wished to make as cheerful, as under existing circumstances, was possible; and in celebration of the event, a
large family party was arranged for the garden. She asked
the company of her brother and sister from Ham House.
My dearest Samuel and Elizabeth,
In true love, I advise your joining our simple evening
party, which I humbly trust will be conducted on Christian
grounds.  The fact is, in my low estate, I felt much indisposed for a large dinner; I then wished for out dear little
children to have some innocent pleasure, and also to show
some mark of the deep interest we feel in the bride and
bridegroom here, and in the bride and bridegroom elect.
We wish to do it in the most simple manner. Remember,
our most blessed Master attended the wedding feast.
She received her guests in a room, opening into the flower
garden, and thence was wheeled to the end of the terrace;
a very large family circle surrounded her, many connexions
and others of her friends. It was a beautiful seene,-tho
last social family meeting at which she presided; and
although infirm and broken in health, she looked and seemed
herself.
In an easy chair, under the large marquee, she entered
into animated discourse, on various and important topics,




1845.]    LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                  651
with the group around her, the Chevalier Biinsen, Merle
D'Aubigne, Sir Henry Pelly, Josiah Forster, her brother
Samuel Gurney, and others of her friends.
During the week following, she was moved to the house
at Ramsgate, which had been prepared for her. A spacious
bed-chamber adjoining the drawing-room, with pleasant views
of the sea, in which she delighted, adding to her hourly
comfort and enjoyment. She found objects there well suited
to her tastes. She distributed tracts when she drove into the
country, or went upon the Pier in a Bath chair. Seafaring
men have a certain openness of character, which renders
them more easy of access than others. They would gladly
receive her little offerings, and listen to her remarks.  She
was also anxious to ascertain the state of the Coast Guard
Libraries-whether they required renewing, and were properly used.
Soon after her settlement at Ramsgate, the family of her
beloved son William came to her, and remained for several
weeks. She delighted in them all; but little Willie Fry was
something to her, almost beyond anything left in the world.
He read the Bible to her every morning on her awakening.
She strove to impress upon his young mind the value and
beauty of the Christian life; she endeavoured to cultivate in
him a taste for natural objects; she encouraged drawing and
similar pursuits. Partly his name-partly his character, so
much resembling his father's in early boyhood-excited her
tenderest love.
Her prayer for her daughter and her children, on the
evening before their departure, was beautiful, comprehensive, and touching; and so she commended them, whom she
was to see no more on earth, to Him, who has declared Himself to be "a Judge for the widow, and a Father to the
fatherless."  Her eldest son, and her daughter Reynolds,
with their families, were near her in the town; and the daily
intercourse with them, was also a source of much comfort
to her.




652       LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.              [1845.
In a hand almost illegible, is this affecting entry in her
journal:
Ramsgate, Eighth MJIonth, 27th. —It still pleases my
Heavenly Father that afflictions should abound to me in this
tabernacle; as I groan, being burthened.  Lord, through
the fulness of Thy love and pity, and unmerited mercy, be
pleased to arise for my help. Bind up my broken heart, heal
my wounded spirit, and yet enable Thy servant, through the
power of Thy own Spirit, in every thing to return Thee
thanks, and not to faint in the day of trouble, but in humility
and godly fear, to show forth Thy praise. Keep me Thine
own, through Thy power to do this, and pity and help Thy
poor servant, who trusteth in Thee. Be very near to our
dear son and daughter, and their children in Madeira. Be
with them, and all near to us, wherever scattered; and grant
that- Thy peace and Thy blessing may rest upon us all.
Amen and Amen.
On the 13th of Ninth Month, she wrote to her son Joseph
the following letter, which touchingly indicates the increased
feebleness of the mortal tabernacle:First-day, Afternoon.
I am rather blanked to hear that we cannot see thee and
thine this week. I rather particularly long to see a dear son
again, as it feels- long since John left us, and you are sure
your beloved wives have also a true welcome. I feel myself
much broken, and finding that neither sea air, nor any other
thing appears much to raise me up; I do feel while here,
(I mean in this life,) a great desire to be as much as I can
with those most dear to me. My heart overflows with love,
and most earnest desire for your present and everlasting
welfare, particularly that all may be of the number of those
who " die in the Lord," who "rest from their labours, and
whose works do follow them."
The conclusion of this letter can scarcely be read without
much mournful and tender emotion: it is as follows:



1845.]      LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.              653
I feel certainly very poorly, and unless there be some re.
vival more than I now feel, I think that you cannot expect
that you will very long have a mother to come to; but I
know the Lord oan raise me up again, and I should not be
surprised if it should be His holy will; but into His hands
I commit my body, soul, and spirit: humbly trusting that
tIe will be my Keeper, Guide, and Guard, even unto the
end; through the fulnbss of His love, pity, mercy, in Christ
our Saviour! I know this is a low letter, may it lead to
your sympathy, love, and prayers. I think I am low from
parting with Julia and the children; my heart is so bound
to you all. I am encouraged by remembering the 13th chapter of the First of Corinthians, because I feel that I may
humbly trust that that love or charity there spoken of, lives
in my heart, and is, as the apostle John says it is, a mark of
having 1" passed from death unto life, because we love the
brethren." (1 John iii. 14.)
The next day she wrote to her brother Samuel Gurney
the following precious note:I was very low when I wrote to thee yesterday, therefore do not think too much of it. There is ONE only who
sees in secret, who knows the conflicts I have to pass
through. To him I commit my body, soul, and spirit; and
lie only knows the depth of my love, and earnestness of
my prayers, for you all. I have the humble trust that Ile
will be my Keeper, even unto the end; and when the end
comes, through the fulness of His love, and the abundance
of His merits, I shall join those who, after having passed
"through great tribulation," are for ever at rest in Jesus,
having "washed their robes, and made them white in the
blood of the Lamb."
I am, in nearest love,
Thy grateful and tenderly attached sister,
E. F.




654        LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.             [1845.
Pray remember the books for the poor old women; we
must work whilst it is called "to-day," however low the
service we may be called to; I desire to do so to the end,
through the help that may be granted me.
On the 16th of the following month, she again, and for
the last time, recorded her feelings in her journal, writing in
a firmer hand, and with apparently more power.
Ramsgate, Ninth MJonth, 16th.-My dearest son Harry
was married to dear Lucy Sheppard last Sixth Month, 26th.
We had a very solemn Meeting; peace appeared to rest upon
us at the Meeting, and at her father's house afterwards. My
humble trust is, that the blessing of the Most High God is
in this connexion. They spent some very satisfactory time
with us before we left home. May grace, mercy, and peace
rest upon them, and neither the fatness of the earth, nor the
dew of heaven, be withheld from them, through the fulness
of'the love, mercy, and pity of our God, in Christ Jesus our
Lord.
Our dearest niece Elizabeth was also married the latter
end 6f the Seventh Month to my dear young friend Ernest
Biinsen. May the blessing of the Most High God also rest
upon them, naturally and spiritually.  I pray the same for
them as for Harry and Lucy.
Here the journal ends; the above being the last entry.
Her sister Buxton, with her daughter Richenda, visited
her on the 17th of Ninth Month. They found her mind
clear and powerful in spiritual things, enlarging upon them
with comprehension of their import; her heart entirely in
the things of God, choosing him and his service solely, with
deep, earnest, constant desires (beyond words to express) for
her husband and children, grandchildren, brothers and sisters, nephews and nieces, and all who were dear to her.
After her sister went, her youngest son and his bride stayed
a few days with her. Other members of the family came




1845.]     LIFE OF ELIZABETH FRY.                 655
also to see her.  Her son Joseph and his wife left with her
one of their children.
The 14th of Ninth Month, with a large party of her
family, she -attended the small Meeting at Drapers, about
four miles from Ramsgate.  On this occasion, she preached
a most powerful and remarkable sermon on the nearness of
death, and the necessity of immediate repentance and preparation; adding, she believed to some of that small congregation it was the eleventh hour of the day. So it proved to
more than one.
Her ministrations were much of the same character on the
two following First-days.  Her brother and sister Gurney
stayed near her for some time, and several ladies from Zwolle
were also there; and she valued the company of her kind
friends, Sir John and Lady Pirie, who were then at Ramsgate.
On the 29th, the large family party dispersed. The Meeting of the preceding day had been one of great solemnity,
and though little imagined at the time, well fittted to be a
parting occasion with so many dear to her. For some days
she was left with only her husband and eldest daughter, but
the nursing was too arduous for them to bear alone, and it
was a great relief to them when her daughter Rachel and her
family arrived from Norfolk. At the Pier gate, awaiting
them in the carriage, they found their mother. Her daughter had not seen her since her visit to Runcton, six months
before; a great change was perceptible. There was a look
of heaviness and weight; she rarely smiled, but on the other
hand, far less often looked distressed; she walked rather
better, her appetite was improved, and her nights not so disturbed; but there was a new symptom-occasionally severe
pain in the head. It had first appeared ten days before,
and had often been acute, but then was better.
The next First-day she wenst, as usual, to Meeting. On
her return, she asked some of the family, who, from the distance, had been precluded from accompanying her, and had




656       LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.               [1845.
attended the public place of worship, if they had had "c a
comfortable church;" her general question when she met
any of her children under similar circumstances. Then, without waiting for any inquiry respecting the worship in which
she had united, she said, "we have had a very remarkable
Meeting, such apeculiarly solemn time;"-that she had been
so impressed by the " need of working whilst it was day, to
be ready for the Master's summons, come when He might."
Here the subject dropped, but she reverted to it more than
once during the day. Those who were present described the
occasion, as a very peculiar and favoured one. She had
urged the question, " Are we all now ready? If the Master
should this day call us, is the work completley finished?
Have we anything left to do?" Solemnly, almost awfully,
reiterating the question, "Are we prepared?"
Her habits, at this time, were apparently thoAJe of former
days. She was a good deal occupied by writing. She
arranged.and sorted Bibles, Testaments, and Tracts. She
had applied to the Bible Society for a grant of foreign
Bibles and Testaments, which was liberally acceded to, and
in the distribution of which, amongst the sailors of different
nations in the harbour, she took great interest.
On Third-day, the 8th of Tenth Month, when driving out,
her lively concern for the good of others appeared, if possible, greater than ever. Her natural character, acquired
habit, and Christian duty, alike combined to strengthen this,
but the judgment and power to direct it had, in measure,
passed away.
On Fourth-day, the 9th, she was grievously distressed by
her little grandson Oswald encountering a fearful accident,
one knee slipping through the area bars of a window. It was
at least ten minutes before help could be obtained to extricate
him. The child's cries, and her knowledge of the fact,
though at the time borne apparently well, occasioned a
severe return of pain in the head at night, and she was very
unwell the next morning, though through the day she had




1845.]      LIFE OF EtIZABETH FRY.                 657
appeared but little the worse for it, and was perfectly selfpossessed and judicious in giving directions. During the
same morning, her friend Mary Fell paid her husband and
herself a religious visit; she derived much comfort from it,
as she had done, from the society of this long known and
valued Friend, for some weeks preceding
Generally, whilst she dressed, one of her daughters sat
with their mother. On one occasion, the Bible was opened
at the text, " Beloved, think-it not strange concerning the
fiery trial which is to try you, as though some strange thing
happened unto you." She entered, with lively interest, into
the subject, and mentioned other passages of somewhat similar import which were sought for and read. The participation of the disciple in the sufferings of his Lord, was dwelt
upon. She expressed herself with peculiar power, in a manner startling to the hearer.  She had, through all her conflicts, seemed to cling to something, like the hope, almost
expectation, that the western sky would be bright, that her
sun would not set behind clouds; but now there was no
allusion to any idea of the kind. The high privilege of
suffering as a member of Christ, was the point she most
dwelt upon. The world, even in the renewed, regenerated
aspect which it bears to the Christian, appeared to have lost
nearly all attraction.
There was another striking change.  Her vigorous understanding and great capacity had given her the habit of control-she had been accustomed to power.  During her long
illness, this continued more or less to show itself, and it was
not always easy to distinguish, how far her opinions about
her own treatment and capabilites were-well founded or not.
This feature of her character had disappeared.  The will
seemed wholly gone, the inclination even strongly to desire
anything, had passed away; and she was content to leave
things, whether little or great, to the direction of others. It
was inexpressibly affecting to see her look of meek submis
sion, to hear her plrintive answer, " Just as you like."
83




658       LIFE  OF ELIZABETII FRY.             [1845.
During one morning of acute suffering,'the remark was
made to her, How marvellous it was that she never seemed
impatient to depart, believing, as there was good ground to
do, that she had been fitted for the great change.  She expressed her entire willingness to stay the Lord's time; that
whilst there was any work for her to do, she wished to live,
but beyond that, she expressed not the smallest desire for life.
She added, that she had come to an entire belief, than any
remaining dread would be taken away from her, when the
time came, or that in tender mercy to her timid nature, she
should be permitted to pass unconsciously through the dark
valley.
On Fifth-day, she wrote to her youngest daughter:
Ramsgate, Tenth Mlzonthl, 9th.
My dearest Louisa,
I think that a visit from thee and thy dear husband would
be highly acceptable to us; but much as I should like to see
the dear boys, I fear that the house is now too full, to take in
more than we should have with Raymond and thyself.
I feel so shaken and so broken down, that I wish to see as
much of my beloved children as I can; my love is very
strong, and my flesh is very weak, I think increasingly so.
I wish dear Christiana Golder to know how much I miss her.
Pray tell Gurney and Sophia also how much I should like to
see them; indeed, my heart is drawn very near to you all,
and deep are my desires for your present, and above all, your
everlasting welfare.....
Thy tenderly attached mother,
ELIZABETH FRY.
On Sixth-day morning, Tenth Month, 10th, though very
-anguid and feeling uncomfortable, she addressed this note to
a friend to whom she had been long attached, not in religious
profession with herself, with some texts for a young person,
who desired to possess her autograph.




1845.]      LIFE OF ELIZABETH  PRY.               659
Ramsgate, o10th.
My dear Friend,
I have copied thee, these valuable texts, that prove salvation is open to all, through a Saviour's love and merits, who
believe in Him, who no longer live unto themselves, but unto
Him who died for them and rose again. May we all be of
this blessed number. I should much like a nice long letter
from thee. With true desires for thy present and everlasting welfare,
I remain,
Thy affectionate friend,
ELIZARETH FRY.
" We trust in the living God, who is the Saviour of all
men, specially of those that believe." 1 Tim. iv. 10.  1" And
I, if I be lifted up from the earth, will draw all men unto
me."  John xii. 32. "Therefore as by the offence of one
judgment came upon all men to condemnation; even so by
the righteousness of one, the free gift came upon all men
unto justification of life." Romans v.,18.
After concluding this note, she brought out some sheets of
Scripture selections, wlbich she was preparing, with a view
to eventually publishing another Text-Book, on the same
plan as her former one. With this devout employment, was
finished her work below. Strikingly, though unconsciously,
did it exemplify the spirit and tenor of the life that was
about to close!-fervently aspiring heavenward, and attracting others thither. A few hours succeeded-of suffering to
the mortal frame-the soul being stedfastly anchored by
faith upon the rock —and then her sun sank beneath its
earthly horizon-setting in brightness, to rise on an eternally
unclouded sphere!
It was remarked that she had, in selecting the texts, used
no spectacles; and she said that her sight had become much
better. This was a new and serious symptom.
Later in the morhing, whilst driving out, she was strangely




660         LIFE OF ELIZABETH FRY.               [1845.
oppressed —scarcely noticed the lovely views of the sea,
which she generally so much enjoyed; but the most unusual
thing was, that when her grandchildren were eager to give
some tracts, she did not observe their request, till repeated
two or three times. On passing some open country, where a
ruddy farmer's boy was keeping cows, he told the children
that he was there all day, that he had nothing to do, and
should very much like to have "some reading."  Their
grandmother took no notice, nor until her tract-bag was put
into her hand, did she attempt to choose any for him; then
she did it with a slow and absent air, as if her thoughts were
far away. That evening she was heavy and oppressed, and
complained of suffering from the light.
These many circumstances, each trifling in itself, brought
and weighed together, gave such cause for uneasiness, that
her husband and daughters resolved the next day to send to
Broadstairs, to learn if Dr. Paris were still there, for they
had heard of his being at that place a short time before, and
they wished to call in his assistance; but he was gone.
On Seventh-day morning the 11th, she awakened, suffering
severely in her head. One of her grandchildren went to her
at half-past seven o'clock: he read the 27th Psalm, which
she asked for. Half an hour later, another went to her. She
in no way referred to his brother having been there before,
but again asked for the 27th Psalm. Her dressing was very
slowly accomplished; she leaned her head upon her hand,
and spoke very little. A text or two out of " Great and precious promises," (that excellent selection for the sick chamber,) seemed all that she could then receive.  She had not
asked for one of the children while she was dressing, the
only morning she had omitted to do so, nor did she remark
their absence.  She had invited the children of Lady Arthur
Lennox, to take their dinner at her luncheon. It was proposed that their coming should be deferred to another day,
as she was so uncomfortable, but this she would not allow;
when they came she was scarcely able to notice them, and sat




1845.]     LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.                661
looking very ill, leaning her head upon her hand. Afterwards
Lady Lennox, and her sister, came for the children; she received them in the drawing-room and conversed a little, but
they thought her unwell, and made a very short visit. They
had been frequently with her before, they had paid her
much kind attention, and their society had been very pleasant
to her.
About five o'clock, whilst her husband and daughters were
consulting as to the best method in which medical help might
be obtained, her bell rang. She was in her own room, according to her usual custom in the afternoon, and had been
lying on the sofa.  She had nearly fallen, in being led from
it to her chair by the fire, and help was wanted, to accomplish the movement. After being placed in her chair, she
leaned on one side, as if unable to sit upright. Her attendant,
who was accustomed to her, was alarmed and uneasy, but she
was wheeled into the drawing-room, where it was proposed
that she should dine, being nearer to her chamber than the
dining-room. After her dinner, on attempting to move to the
sofa, she twice sank to the ground, though entirely assisted
by two persons. With extreme difficulty she was removed
to her bed, where she lay with a calm, almost a torpid expression of countenance. She was quite willing to see a
medical man, and answered his questions correctly. The attendance of one so kind and skilful was a great comfort, but
her worn-out constitution forbade stringent remedies, so that
little was attempted either by him or the physician, who repeatedly saw her in the course of the following day.
She soon became more alarmingly affected, and her limbs
appeared wholly powerless. Aboht six o'clock on First-day
morning the 12th, she said to her maid,  "Oh! Mary, dear
Mary, I am very ill 1"  " I know it, dearest Ma'am, I know
it," replied the servant. The precious invalid soon added,
" Pray for me-It is a strife —but I am safe."  She continued to speak, but indistinctly, at intervals, and frequently
dosed. About nine o'clock on First-day morning, the 12th,




662       LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.              [1845.
one of her daughters sitting on the bed-side had open
in her hand that passage in Isaiah, "I, the Lord thy God,
will hold thy right hand, saying unto thee, fear not, thou
worm Jacob, and ye men of Israel, I will help thee saith the
Lord, and thy Redeemer, the Holy One of Israel." Just
then, her mother roused a little, and, in a slow, distinct voice,
uttered these words, " Oh! my dear Lord, help and keep thy
servant!" This was her last expression on earth: she never
attempted to articulate again. A response was given by
reading to her the above most applicable portion of Scripture; one bright look of recognition passed over her features,
but it was gone as rapidly, and never returned. From this
time, she became unconscious-no sound disturbed her-no
light affected her-the voice of tenderness was unheededa veil was between her and all things here below, to be raised
no more.
Diffiiiculty of breathing ensued-and suddenly, about four
o'clock in the morning of Second-day, the immortal spirit,
which had so long reflected the bright rays of that heaven.
inspired love which dwelt within it, passed away from the
vicissitudes and sorrows of this earthly scene, to its eternal
home in that "city, which hath no need of the sun, neither
of the moon to shine in it; for the glory of God doth lighten
it, and the Lamb is the light thereof."
Much affectionate respect for her memory, and sorrow for
the termination of her eminently useful life, were evinced by
the inhabitants of Ramsgate. A public manifestation of this
feeling was proposed, but, from circumstances, necessarily
declined by the family.
The funeral took place on the following Second-day, at
Barking: and, after the mortal remains were committed to
the dust, a large number of persons, who, in deep though
silent sorrow, witnessed the affecting scene, assembled in a
spacious tent erected for the occasion; in which a solemn
Meeting was held. The sacred record was, with peculiar
impressiveness, brought to remembrance, "And I heard a




1845.]      LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.              663
voice from heaven, saying unto me, Write, Blessed are the
dead which die in the Lord from henceforth: yea, saith the
Spirit; that they may rest from their labours; and their
works do follow them." And from the grave, a call seemed
to be emphatically uttered to survivors, I" Work ye also while
it is day."
She, who had fulfilled her stewardship, and was gone to
receive her eternal recompense, had bequeathed to each individual, and to all coming generations, a legacy involving a
high responsibility. She had left behind her an example of
unfaltering dedication in running with patience the christian
race; her pious exhortations and her appeals of mercy had
been uttered in the presence of thousands; their echo had
passed on, and the sound had fallen on the ear of many
thousands more; awakening in the bosom a holy sympathy
with human suffering-animating to a heaven-directed effort
to stem the overflowing current of sin and misery, and to point
transgressors to an Almighty Deliverer, who " was manifested
that He might destroy the works of the Devil."
Few will be found, especially among women, whose vocation
may, in all points, resemble that of Elizabeth Fry. Perhaps,
having been the appointed pioneer in the arduous path which
unfolded to her view a vast variety of objects, each claiming
the devotion of her christian benevolence and the energies
of her powerful mind, her name may, in some respects, stand
alone in the record of that peculiar mission to which she was
ordained. But she had, from amongst the different classes
and denominations of the religious world, many helpers in
her works of faith and labours of love. More than a few of
these have, like herself, been removed from their sphere of
service on earth, to receive, as we may reverently trust, the
hundred-fold of everlasting life. Others yet remain —pursuing under the influence of the same divine charity, the
hallowed endeavour to reform the criminal; and to succour
the indigent.




664         LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.              [1845.
But may it be remembered, that every one, without distinction of sex or name, has an individual course of duty,
which calls for the occupation of time, of talent, or of substance; and none can foresee how effectually a faithful
obedience to this call, may tend to promote the glory of God,
and the moral elevation of the human family. How inconceivable to the mind of Elizabeth Gurney, when, as a young
and delicate girl, she first followed the impulse of a mysterious guidance that led her to visit the wretched inmates of a
Bridewell, would have been the wondrous career which the
unseen future was gradually to open before her; but, with
her characteristic simplicity, she yielded her heart to the
gentle touches of that heavenly Power, which, in a manner
incomprehensible to herself, imbued her with a willing commiseration toward the abject and the outcast; and, whilst, she
sought to mitigate the distresses and to remedy the evils that,
to a large extent, became continually more and more developed, as she pressed onward in her track of mercy, she
was compelled to admit the conviction that a most serious
responsibility rested on her own sex, in the efforts so greatly
needed-yet by many still untried, but within the reach of
most-tolabour for the relief of the destitute, for the instruction of the ignorant, or for the reformation of the
criminal.
She found, by experience, that devoted women-influenced
by divine love-might become powerfully instrumental to
check and to control the torrent of moral evil. By her own
example she illustrated all that she enforced. And to a
heart so acutely sensitive, so striving after a state of purity,
so glowing with heavenly affections, the trial must have been
great, indeed, of being thus brought into sympathy and frequent association with such accumulated forms of corruption
and woe. Yet when-during a period of severe indisposition
and near the close of her earthly pilgrimage-a near relative
remarked to her that she had " made great sacrifices," she




1845.]     LIFE  OF ELIZABETH  FRY.               665
could reply, "I cannot call them  sacrifices-it was my
delight."  Her delight it truly was to labour for the conversion and rescue of perishing sinners: and no toil was too
arduous to be encountered, no suffering too great to be
endured, to promote the welfare of immortal beings.
Like her great precursor, Howard, she "dived into the
depths of dungeons," to bring into their gloom a ray of life,
of love and hope. His monument records that, " in the unremitting exercise of christian charity, he trod an open, but
unfrequented path to immortality."  He travelled alone from
land to land, pleading —but too often in vain-the cause of the
agonized criminal, or the tortured victim of vengeance and
tyranny; fearlessly encountering privation, danger, and difficulty. But such, happily, was not the experience of Elizabeth
Fry.  Her compassionate appeals on behalf of wretched convicts, groaning in fetters and laden with chains, were listened
to with respect, and were generally successful. It was her lot
also, to be often cheered by evidences, frequently little anticipated, that in different districts and countries, there were
some bright christians of both sexes, who were willing to
devote themselves, with self-sacrificing zeal, to the reform of
the vicious, and to the relief of the sick and the destitute:
and the mind that recognizes, in each individual of the
human race, a brother or a sister for whom the Redeemer
" gave Himself, a ransom" transcending all price, will contemplate, with grateful joy, the widening diffusion of active
beneficence, and the kindred spirits that were prepared to
catch, from the same holy altar, some portion of that flame
of divine compassion, that glowed within the bosom of
Elizabeth Fry.
Whenever a claim on her commiseration-whether small
or great —was presented to her mind, with an impression
that it required her attention, she shrunk not from the
kindly impulse; and whatever obstacles might impede the
accomplishment of her purpose, she steadily pursued it; and
84




666        LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.              [1845.
rarely did she ultimately fail: for she matured her schemes
of philanthropy with a skill and discretion that almost invariably ensured success.
In every exigency she was sustained by hlwpe-it was a
principle so strong within her, that it animated and strengthened her in the execution. of the most difficult designs. In
her estimation of' individual character, it sometimes induced.
anticipations that were not fully realized: it was on this
point that: the defect in her own was developed. On all the
works of man, and on every phase of human existence, there
is the stamp of impeifection: with her it sprang from  an
excess of that charity which "hopeth all things."
But as this faithful- servant of God sought, with untiring
energy, to complete her appointed task, she was often reminded of the truth, that, in the world's great harvest-field,
where so much soil remains uncultivated, and from which so
little of the heavenly fruit has yet been gathered, the labourers were comparatively few.  Her own service was
often toilsome, and the spiritual atmosphere in which she
performed it most ungenial; yet cheerfully she fulfilled the
duty of each passing hour: and the mental region into
which, by this diligent. occupation with the gifts bestowed on
her, she was so remarkably introduced, was not always
sterile from the blight of sin, not always tainted by the envenomed breath of the serpent. She was at times permitted
joyfully to "walk in the light of the Lord," tasting the
sweets of religious fellowship with minds assimilated to her
own; beholding in the vineyard of the good husbandman,
many a precious plant, flourishing beneath the rays of His
love, and bringing forth fruit in its season, to the praise of
His grace.
How is her memory embalmed with the fragrance of holy
veneration, in the bosom of many a sincere disciple of the
Lord Jesus Christ!-and most appropriately has the benediction been so often and so variously rehearsed, in reference




1845.]      LIFE OF ELIZABETH  FRY.               667
to her abundant labours in His sacred cause, " Come, ye
blessed of my Father, inherit the kingdom prepared for you
from the foundation of the world: for I was an hungered,
and ye gave me meat; I was thirsty, and ye gaZe me drink;
I was a stranger, and ye took me in; naked, and ye clothed
me; I was sick, and ye visited me; I was in prison, and ye.came unto me."  Matt. xxv. 34, 35, 36.
THE END.