u  T ~BUHR 
61l3
a39P65  00033334 7k










Qt
0
F


ct
$4
C1)
C-11
co:!1l
I
__




796




I




~




i




I




Boohs bg QCapt. 3udius (A. ialmer
AGAIN    IN   HAWART     (rust Published)
Being articles written from Honolulu to the "Evening
Post" [N.Y.] as special correspondent May 1895 with
introductory essay 60 pages Svo cloth price $1.50
MEMORIES      OF   HAWIRII
[I894] Articles written from Honolulu to the "Evening
Transcript" [Boston] as special correspondent January
to April 1894 I38 pages 8vo cloth price $2.00
ABOUT MUSHROOMS
Contributions popular and scientific, to the press, revised
and illustrated 13 plates Ioo pages 8vo cloth
price $2.00
MUSHROOMS OF AMERICA
Esculent and poisonous, 12 colored lithographs, with
letter-press descriptions and essay in two charts or in one
folio of sixteen pages 8vo price $2.00
ONE VOYAGE AND ITS CONSEQUENCES
A romance of social life on shipboard 365 pages I2mo
cloth $1.25 paper 50 cts.
Sent prepaid on receipt of price.
LEE AND SHEPARD Publishers
BOSTON MASS.




AGAIN IN HAWAII


BY
A. PALMER JR.


JULIUS


SPECIAL CORRESI'ONDENT OF '.IE "EVENIN(; P)OST" O'  ) NiW Y()IRK
I'ElBRIJARY-MAY 1895
B OS T 0 N
L EE'  ANI)    SH1   P AR'  ) I' I U IISl H 'RS
1895




J)D 
6^3. i,.   l~


COPYRIGHT, 1895
BY JULIUS A. PALMER, JR.
All rights reserved


P RES  Or
AOcrktOell  ntb 8t rtcill
BOSTON, U.S.A.




1/f
V2- - 'V
TABLE OF CONTENTS


THE EXILES FROM HAWAII, MARCH 4
HAWAIIAN LAW..
A REPUBLIC UJNDERt DICTATORIAL RULE, MARCH 20
DEMANDS OF THlE ANNEXATIONISTS, MARCH 29
No REPUBLIC IN HAWAII....
HAWAIIAN PROBLEMS..
HAWAIIAN 1)ISCONTENT...
MINISTER TH-URSTON'S RETURN, Aiiui. 4.
THE HAWAIIAN OLIGARCHY, AnatL 13.
THE HAWAIIAN GOVERNMENT...
EVENTS AFTER MR. THURSTON's RETU'IRN, APRI`L 18
CHINESE- IMMIGRATION AND GENERAL AMNESTY, APRiai 28
A MISCARIuED LETTER, MAY 2..
RULE OF T~llE~ COUNCIL AND ITS EFFEC.T, MAY 8
PEARL HARBOR....


PAGE
* 1
* 3
* 6
* 8
* 10
* 15
* 19
*  23
*  25
I   27
*  30
*  32
I   34
*  36
*  39


[N.B. The dated articles were telegraphed via M.ain Francisco.]








INTRODUCTION


By the liberality and courtesy of the proprietors of tile New York
Evening Post, there may vbe found in tlhese pages a recoid of the experience gained on my tlird visit to Iawaii.  My notes oil the first occasion were published by the Boston Comlnmercial Bulletin; in I)ecember,
1893, 1 was engaged by the laily Evening l',rnscript, and in 189S
was commissioned by the Evening Post.     The first-llnaled resi(lence
in Honolulu was years ago, before tile destruction of tile native 11monarchy  thle later engagements were for tlhree months e.ach, one-third of
which time was spent on the route.     Mly work for' the Tr'ascript
(138 pages, 8vo) was published by the sam'ne house friolm which tllis
is issued; it bore no foot-notes, nor Nwas the matter corrected to mllake
it conformnable to the march of events. Yet there llas never been bLutt
one statemlent therein impeaclhed witl a1 Semnl)ilailce of success; this was
the connection of one of the original alllexation collllissiomlers with
certain investments designed for a benevolent lpurplose by the (Queen.
Had it not been for positive denial by tile person implicated, tile Imatter
would have been rel)eated as originally stated by me oil tile assertion of
those of whom I inquired during my latest visit. Illt no witness would
dare to appear even indirectly in support of any assertion inimical to
those in power.
This may serve as an example of the diticulty of separating fact from
rumor in iHawaii; yet I have preferred to allow the present series also
to go to the publislers without alterations.  In the rT'ranscril)t letters,
the views of all parties t tthe presen-t contest found exl)ression thlrough
my articles; the royalists were satisfied that such investi(gation had been
made with sincerity; wherever matter was reported lby mne contrary to
their interests, they forave tt wic  they considered honest error on
my part. But the provisionalists? No words can express the bitterness and animosity of the select, self-chosen few - still in power at
Honolulu - towards any critic who presumes to speak of tlhen and tleir
oligarchy in other than the most flattering terms. This stateme!nt is of general application; to it there are notable exceptions, even in the lnumber of




vi


INTRODUCTION


the nineteen men who constitute the so-called repnulbic of Hawaii.  But
fiee speeh is obliterated there; any renegade obtains immediate emiIloyinent as a spy or informier; any newslpaper offensive to the ruling
ring can I-y stattute law be confiscated; ainy alien by entering the corps
whose bayonets sustain th-ie legislators secured clothes, sustenance, and
a vote; an edlitor entirely unacquainted with the prior condition of the
nation is imiported to manage their most inffluential journal; an army
officer of s imilakr professional antecedents is oinIIIissionlled to discipline
the governmnent troops; instead of " Ilawaiians for Hawaii," - one of
the last public uitterances of the late (4en. S. (. Armstrong, - it is an
incontestable fact that ignorance of the past and allegiance to the preselnt, anad thils only, can Wfiflld avenues to lplace and preferment.  Trauth is
the element most feared by the provisionalists, and as they are many of
them!' able lawyers, they have little difhiculty ii concealing froom  the
world all things save their own side of the case.
rllhe contrasts letween Hawaii in its past andii present are painfully
apparent to any visitor.  The native and time missionary vwere once on
most fraternal relations; a (atughter of one of the latter told nie th:at
she always felt hionored if aniy mnemnber of the chiefs' families noticed
hier in her girlhood.  Until within two years there was never such an
officer as a detective; now the city is full of spies andi informers. There
was not the least ptublic adlmission- that there could be war; now all the
younger men of the coininnity are tired with amnbition to be sharpshooters, the sight of the repeating rifle and the sound of target practice
are equally common.   Thlie ntilitary guard of royalty was the merest
handful of soldiers simply for show oim state occasions; the president
boasts of quite an army of mercenary troops, lesides which there is the
m-ilitia or citizens' guiard.  Bayonet rule is inaking of the once amiable
andl kindly Hawaiian a morose, ill-tempered, suppressed, biut not subdued,
calptive, hating his oppressor, and ch-argi ng, etvmyting even to the high
pr'ice of tfaro, to the usurpers.  These have (lone exactly the thing for
which they ovetrthrew the Queen; namely, forced a new constitution on
the nation, wliihli (isfrallchlises all save their own, party.  Take this
verly constituition, plalce it sile b y side with at copy of that of monarchy:
the latter is liberty, the one promulgated by tIme so-called republic is
p)rivileged (leslotisIn. The wildest extrava nrane of the m-onarchy did
not equval its exlpenditure, which ]Ihs run in debt nearly one million of
(lollars in thle two years of its existence, in spite of the fact that it has
confisccated the revenue of time crown lands reserved from. all time as
the priva Lte h)UVse of the ruidng monarch.  As an illustration of official




INT1RODUCTIONv


vii


misstatements, it is a fact that the (ueen receive( froin the taxl)ayer
just about what is paid tie President; yet these nmen tell (over ud over
again the falsehood that she was paid eighty tlholsand doollarls were Mr.
Dole receives twelve thousan-d dollars; they never nmention tlhat tilhe
suri)lus was her private revenue, which they have clfiscated.
Their most consummate success has beeln for over two years their imanagement of all general despatches to the p1ress of America- and (Gre&at
Britain.  Not a single representative of any iml)artially organlizeld news
bureau has furnished intelligence to the columlns of our leading journals.
()e association has sulpplied its subscrib)ers from the statementts of:Il
ex-clergyman, born at the islands, who lias lhad a: liscellaneous experience as teacher, land-surveyor, editor, always in the Imnarrw (chailllcel
of one clique. Over hlis own signature in weekly newspla)pers, thlls writer
lias repeated the most absurdly false a11nd scurrlilous st(ries albolit 1lt
Queen, and he is also the auathor of like cruel l remarks il re1ga(d to te t,
humbler native people. The least l)pesonal acquaintllt: nce witlh tile inldividual - now a mani of some sevelnty years of 1age - would co(lvi(ce
any one of his unfitness for the 1ositioni:tssumed by him. ''lhe other
organization has been:i equally unfortunate; its despatclles hlave 1bee
furnished by recently arrived adventurers, or those colllnecte( witlh local
papers pledged to the support of the lrovisionalists, never lby a: disitlterested person of standing sent from  lr oad. 'Tle evil is g(reater tltan
it may aI)pear at first sight; all intelligence is virtlually  l)prep:lre( by tile
very men who have since the first studiously concealed o'r periverted tlhe
truth; having made these two organizations their servl:ats, t   threy tl as
private citizens write the same accounts to their -ersonal eorrespol)de1(litt
in the United States; these latter proceedl to colnfiirm-  ildividuallly thallt
which is reported in tile collumns of tle newslpapers, an(1 thus tlie iAmeri(ca;
people are and h.ave a:lways been systemllatically andl su(ccessfutlly deceivedl.
A special corres)pondent will meet first with unremitting alItte:itioll:a1d
flattery, he will be carefully guardedl f(rolm any:l  inflormati(oll or ilflIuelce
save fromn provisionlllist sources.  If this f:lils to (lirect his pell, lie will
then be indirectly threatened with imprisolnmenlt, fine, or (delort:atiol llutil
he leaves.
They announced the dawn of a republic il HIIwaii, whereaIts, as a1
simple fact, there lias never been the least clhllane iln rule si(nce they, by
means of a reference, subsequently repudiatedl, olhtained tlme cetire col1 -trol, and unseated their Queen. lThey maItgliied an1 'attempt to sminugirle
arlms into a revolution, in order to justify their action in p)lttinig:a city
in which tlerel was never the least riot or distlr'bance Imider mlarti:l




viii


INTRODUCTION


law; the latter measure was desired, that about four hundred non-sympathizers might be arrested without warrant, about one-half of whoin were
released after nearly two months' imprisollnent, without recorded charge
or attempt at trial.
They appeal to the American love of unrestricted suffrage by telegraphing far and wide the fact that the new constitution proposed by
the Queen in 1893 would disfranchise them; in other words, that she
advocated for Hawaii that which obtains in every other civilized nation,
namely, the limitation of the ballot to those who did not claim other
than Hawaiian citizenship. Then, the moment they felt strong enough
to draw a constitution, they proceeded to disfranchise forever the
greater portion of the residents, especially the children of the soil.
They objected to the peculiarity which allowed the throne to name its
heir in case of failure in the succession, a privilege by which the Princess Kainlani, niece of the deposed (Queen, is now the legitimate sovereign. Then, in a convention having not tile least popular warrant for
its existence, they proceeded to name as absolute ruler for six years
Sanford B. l)ole, the same individual who had executed with consumnmate ability and commendalble conservatism their will for the two previous years. They then sent word all over our land that the native
people were takilg the oath of allegiance, holding annlexation meetings,
and repudiating royalty; in the first place, their records show that about
half a dozen a week may, from desire to retain situations, swear allegiance to their white masters, that on the island of Oahu one hundred
and eighty-five came in where the total male population of llawaiians is
over six thousand; second, that none of those now registering can have
the least exercise of suffrlage for nearly three years; third, that if they
could, the sole treaty-making power in Hlawaii is vested in Hon. Sanford
B. 1)ole. The wliole number of residents ini the Ilawaiian Islands mnay
vote unanimously to-morrow for a treaty by which a return to monarchy
should be ruarlanteed under the protectorate of a stronger power, or the
samne universal expression of opinion may declare in favor of alnnexation to the United States of America; the senate, if it ever convenes,
may ratify, the presidential cabinet may approve, but no power save
the fiat of the present absolute ruler, or, in case of his death, the suicceeding and duly commissioned executive of the dominanlt party, can
ever have the power to initiate a treaty. Thelre is probably no more
perfect systeum of absolute despotism  known to history than that of
Hawaii since the dethronement of the Queen.
As th(ere are many personsl still ignorant of the history of this victory
~-W  iL\II  V~/ IL\UIJ I~LWIV  zn          y L




INTRODUCTION               i


ix


of the strong' over the weak, a brief statemnen-t of fact 1may properly
form an introduction to this work:.
From the year 1820 to the year 1887, the natfive monarchy was sustained by the residents of other na-tionaldities; at the latter date, it was
practically overthrown lby the same influences now ini place andl poer
a constitution. granted by the reigning monarch iii terror of his life took
the place of one miore favorable to his own people.     Kalakanua diedl in
189 1, and was succeeded by Liliuoka~lani, his sister, a lady edlucated as a
girl side by sidle withIl the wife of Lion. ('!has. R. B-ishop, inarried to
Mr. JIohn lDomiviis in early womanhood, aind, except during travels
abroad, a resident of Honotulu during hier whole lifetime.   11cr hu sbland
received his education at (ihauncy H-ail School in Boston, and -a not-able
public position held by him wais th:aIt of governor of the islandl of ()ahu1t.
Mr. anid Mrs. IDominis, lived in (lomestic harnnony uetitl thie deaith of the
former, which took place before the seizure of the grovernitent p)roperty
by foreign residents of Aiterica-n ancestry.    Thie legislative period of
1898 was marked by several measures initiated by thle Quceen; thiose
ottensive to the -Americans were especially the opium bill, the lottery
bill, aInd the new constitutiomi.  Thie first wa-Ls atn ado)ptionj of thte Br-itishi
sta.Itute for the flnit.mittion Of a.1 tradle which cannot be suppressed; the
second was thie prol)osei 'gran1.tingo of a chlarter to a foreign (I conpan11y,
by whieti the I1law.a iian g1 overnient would r~eceive ai hiarge sumn of nioney
outrighit, not by mneans of the salde of tickets, or lby anly interest in tihe
lottery, but simply for the name.amid thme francehise.    Thiis suln was8
much needed for the pro~secu~tion of ptiblic work~s, aind to ease, strinigency
in the local circultation of money; time measure was therefore advoctated in
signed petitions by the mier~chants a muld sliop-keeperls, ami11d wa  (T )pOSed
lby many   members of thie chutrches.     T'ime new  constitution wNas tan
abrogation of time p)rivileges w rung fromt K alakatin, the motntal)eo
these being, that. pecuiliafrity of haaianlw whichl gives to anu aliemn time
righlt to the b~allot.  Availing- thenmselves of the Queen's attemlpt, at.arbitrary ruile, the America.1n elem-ent, inl Collusion withl the nav1N'al Cand
(liploniatie representatives of time U nited States, seized time reins of
p~ower, raised the flag of their nat~tivity over the goverinment buildings,
an11l (leelared for 'annmexaition to thie Amnerican Union).  This was on
the 17th of Januiary, 1893.    A. miss ion of annex.ation, wavs hurried to
WaIshingrton., was encouraged by the admiinistrattion of P~residenmt Liarrison, but totally defeated on the mia uguraition of P~residlent (Clevelan1(1,
for which the America-n people wvithout (listinction of party owe to tlme
latter an eternal debt of gratitudle. The (Queen had~ submitted without




x


INTRODUCTION


an attempt at resistance, had ordered( the surrender of all arms and
funds to the insurgents, oll the assurance that the case would be heard
and adjudicated by the United States. In conformity with this understanding, President Cleveland sent Commissioner Blount to Honolulu
to make an investigation; after most thorough research this gentleman
reported that the Queenl should be restored to her rights, in accordance
with whichl decisioll the President made a demand on Mr. Dole to
submtit to the result of the arblitration, which was refused by that
gentleman. The Queen had been asked in private conversation by the
American minister if general amnesty would follow her restoration, and
she hlad stated in reply that she thoilght the l)rolerty of the rebels
should be confiscated and they should be punished; she was incorrectly
r-elorted by the stenographer to have used the word " beheaded,"
and at the very first reading of his notes, and to this day, she states that
no such idea ever enitered her mind; she does not deny, however, that
she did wish to tmake such a threat:as woulfl induce these men to leave
tile kingdom, for the siliple reason that she believed Hawaii would
never have peace as long as they were an elenmelnt in its politics. B.othl
the Queen and her people never gave lip the'hope and expectation that
the United States governmlent would redress the wrong committed by
its agency, nor is that anticipation resigned to this moment; deep in
the hearts of the Hlawaii.an people is the firm faith that the same power
by whose act their nationality was destroyed will reinstate the native
mona:lrchy. In the meantime, annexation hIavingg become more impossible
every day, the insurgents were obliged to declare for some settled form
of government; they accordingly adopted the word " Republic" as the
most effective shield to their actions; they called what they styled a
conlstitutional convention of self-nomnin ated, self-chosen delegates. It
convened in May, 18)4, and on the 4th of July, 1894 (so as to insure
a nominal salute from tile guns of the men-of-war), they proclaimed a
new constitution, namning Sanford B. Dole as President for six years,
providing for the election of senators and representatives to a legislature
to be convened in February, 1896, or about eighteen months from the
date of its election. The registered voters of Hawaii numbered about
15,000, sixty pter cent. of whom were natives. As no one could exercise
tile suffrage under tile new constitution save by an oath of allegiance
to the provisionalists, in other words could only vote for rulers by
agreeing in advance to vote for those already ruling, tile total number
of registered voters amounted to one-fourth of the former registry; but
the proportion is even less than that; for, during the interim from the




INTROI)UCTION


xi


fall of the Queen to the reorganization of the provisionalists, a large
number of aliens had been imported by them for their standing army,
which is composed almost exclusively of men having no interest, historic or financial, in the welfare of the country; but by the fact of
bearing arms for the maintenance of the ruling ring', eatch of these hirelings was entitled to a vote. The actual lnulbl)er of voters in the whole
kingdom claiming the United States as their nativity was at the last
census 637, and of American people of both sexes ablout 1,900, out of a
population of 90,000.
In January, 18)95, an attemin t was lmade by those favorable to the
restoration of the monarchy to smuggle ar'ls, with a, view of forcible
resistance to tie men who for over two ye:ars h11ad retained the public
treasury and the means of defence. Not the lealst representation had
been given to the other islands during this time, andl at this date (Jtlune
1, 1895) Hawaii is still ruled by the very men wlio unlseated tle (Qleen.
The members of tie original colmmittee, augllmlented froni tllirteell to
nineteen, have simllply elected a substitute whenever one of their lnumber
resigned.  They le1arned( of tile attempted restoration of the (lQueen
in season to suppress tile outbreak ere organizationl coutld makeIn   it
formidable.
With the view of procuring for her supporters liberty, or:It least
clemency, the (Queen at once 'abdicated, anlid took thel o'ath of allegiance to
her captors; but this desilgn wa.s fruitless. They organized whlat they
called a military commission, one of thll local judges resigningt to preside over its deliberations, acnd at its close being, reapllointed to teli ( court
from which he hadt resigned. This mongrel mockery of justice and iliternational law at once proceeded to dispose of the l)pesons 1antid roperty of
all those accilsed of complicity in the Iroposed reaction in favor of
traditional native monllarchy, the whole (lol1ain being i,   llldel ma:rtial
law until after its ladjudication of albout four hundred cases. In the neantime the nineteen, sitting as a legislative body, hladl ptssed a large tnulber
of special statutes calculated to enlforce their will against any opposition
for the future, without the necessity of another declaration of 1nmartial law.
My first letter, written from  San  Francisco, con:fllses the un-1
completed legislation of last yearl with tihe complented work of tihe
present; but the laws against p)ersonal liberty are now so much more
numerous and so muchl beyond my statement in tle lmatter of stringency
that I -make no change in the paragraph.
Such is a brief statement of the events of the past two land a half years
in this unhappy country, and the natural inquiry here is:




xii


INTRODUCTION


How will it all end? "
h'liat is the most difficult question which can be asked. The only prediction in which all agree is that there can be no stability to the present
rule. How it will be merged into another, and what that otlher will be,
on these points there is no concord.  Annexation to the American Union
is farther off tlhan ever; profits are too narrow on sugar for the planters
themselves to favor the abrogation of contract labor; they cannot make
any alliance witll Great Britain; all tlreats of that are nonsense, used
simply to terrify the United States into protecting the oligarchy.
Should they seriously try it, and the court of St. James were willing,both imlprobal)ilities, - what would he the result?  In the first place, they
must give to us one year's notice of tlhe termination of our treaty;
during that year they would be at the mercy of doniestic revolution;
tlen having made their alliance with Britain, their home products becolme
dutiablle, and this would be the financial ruin of every pll:iter and mIerchanlt in Iawaii. They will use this scourge to bring ls into line, but
we must laugh in their faces and tell theni to go there just as quickly as
they (,an. Japan is the power most feared by tlheml, anld with reason; if
her citizens continuc to increase,. anld more especially if they are educated
to that degree to (lemandll stuffrage, whiclh Hawaii wishes to refluse, - the
Iomne govelrnlment mnay enforce their claiim. However effected, tlhe accessionI of the Princess Kailllani is the only avenue to peace; now that
Iiliuoka'lani has a(bdicalted, it is tle natural and proper solution of the
difficulty. All that is said of unfavorablle colnl)arison between her
famlily and that of the Kame(hainelmas is mere political gossip on the part
of tliose who control the local press and foreign despatches; nothing
which they say is wolthly credence; it is all lanufactured for attaining
their ends - greed of gain and love of power. In their own histories
of the (reat chiefs of Hawaii fifty yearls 'ago, the Kal:akan:ts are ranked
next to the family which was then reigning; Princess IKaiulani is the
only representative of tlie royal blood, andl it is just as absurd to say
that she is not entitled to rule her people as it would have been il
England to assume that because one royal line had failed, therefore there
was no legitimate heir to the throne. As it is absolutely impossible to
breathe a word against her character, her education, or h:er legitimacy,
the only political scandal they can circulate is tlat of the impeachment
of the right of the whole line. They (dread this brave girl, because any
one of the discordant elements of the community, American league,
Japanese, native Hawaiians, or foreigners resisting despotic rule, would
be sure of generous support by raising her standard; but it is very




iNTRIODUCTION                         XlII
doubltful whether she wouild retuirn to the islands unless thle call were
utan imotus.
In any case tie, policy of strict non-interveiition should be followed
by the Unitedl States. 'Thie most imlntudent a-ssumption the world ever hans
seen is that of these men whene they try to clai lprotectiol of their persons or propetty utleler the utterily false allegation that they are Amnericans; they circulate all over our lhand schedules showving  nillions of
Amieric,,an capital " now invested ine the Hawaiian Islands, when as a
matter of fact there is scarcely one dollar of American capital there.
in 1 876 the islands were practically bankrupt; theen the action of the
Hawaiian oovernitent in negotiating tile reciprocity treaty, leasing to
these sugar companpies arable lands, importing for thie planters coolie
laborers, a ad offeringo- them eIvery induicement for the cultivation of the
s (argatI-canle,C Iraisel them to untold wealth.  Mlost of the money invested
there was never exporte(1 from any part of America; it was made exactly the saue as it niight have beei nIade on the coffee-plantations of
Brazil or the rice-fields of Japtan; it has iaid to us no taxes, and is
entitled to DO protection.  Tjhis is even less so front the citizenship of
those who have amassed this property; for these so-called Americans
were most of them born ot foreign soil; they were educated under the
flag which they have seized; they have sworn allegiance to its deposed
monmarchy; many of them have held proniinent positions in the cabinets
or coutncils of its kings,land quieens.  Now that their position, by reason
of their rebellion, has become somewhat lailgerols, for them to call on,
the lanid of their ancestors to protect them agaiinst their surroundings is
one of the most absurd atied unreasonable claims ever advanced in the
history of the civilized world.
I)id we send ntatval vessels to Paris at tlte tiue of the commune for
the purpose of protecting our colony at the French capital?
Yet our citizens there are guiltless of cotnplicity in political movements, while at Hawaii they have been the initiators of revolution.
TJ'he saddest part of the story to the believer in Christianity is that it
ha-is uitterly anulnihilated the power for good of tme Protestant missions,
hias givent themn a set-back from whichf thiey will never recover. This is
in. no way tile fault of the nmissionaries, who were the most self-deenying
and (levoted of mien and women., but it is an unanswerable proof of the
defect of their systemi. What was this? Its avowed pnrpose was to
link colonization and evangelization; in other words, to disobey intentionally the ancient dictum, '' Y'e cannot serve G(od and Mamninon."
The missionary p acket of 1820 was to carry with the gospel the family,




xlv


tNTRODUtCTION


business enterprise, and Yankee thrift. For one generation the model
for native imitation did all that had been claimed for object-teaching by
good exalnl)le. But how about the children and grandchildren, the
nephews anld nieces, of those same missionaries? 'Their descendants
were no differenlt in principles from  ministers' sons and deacons'
daughlters in Massachusetts. There las therefore grown up a generation
wlhose avarice, social or political nisdeeds are unjustly charged to the
missionaries.
The Roman Catholic missions have not suffered, simply because with
a celibate priesthood and sisterhood alike vowed to poverty, there was
no temptation to acquire wealth. Further, as in our own Civil Walr,
that church has knowln how to keel out of all political affiliations.
It is the largest religious body now existing in H-awaii, and is every
lmomenlt augmentingl its strength. It has a bishop and tweity-four
clergymen, aboult one hundred cllurches or chapels, nearly two thousand
school children at its schools, five hundred boys and four hundred girls
at two institutions in Honolulu alone, sixteen educational institutions,
and a total Catholic population by the last official directory published in
the United States, of 3),000 souls. It encountered a storm of persecution ere it secured a foothold there; its missionaries were deported with
a promptness aId(l persistency, recently exhibited towarids those who do
not sympatlize with the political opinions of the dominant party.
Yet it is too true that no form of Christianity necessarily gains that
whicl ha:s been lost by another. Abnegation of all religious belief is
far more likely to follow; therefore every lover of the Saviour of mankind should regret the scandal broughlt on the name of our common
Lord by the so-called I' missionary-party " of Hawaii.
But while as a political party or an association the ruling ring at the
Hawaiian Islands must be unhesitatiingly condemned, it is still true that
as ilndividuals these very men are philanthropic, charitable, hospitable,
and in devotion to the religious, benevolent, or educational needs of the
nation they can rightly challenge comparison with any country in the
world. From thle schools for all nations established on the kindergarten system to Oahu College - this latter one of the most interesting
institutions I ever visited - their zeal and liberality are showln in more
ways than there is space in a political pamphlet for me to notice.
It may be asked why, as patriotic citizens of this great and glorious
country, should this question be to us of consummate or vital importance.
Chiefly because the avowed object of these men is to intrude themselves
into our politics. They have succeeded already in doing this to an




INTI{OI)CTION                    x


xv


ailarmiiil extent, and, althougyh ou r long-estabhishe(1 conservatism ha s
been stoutly maintained, yet they hiave not relaxed1 their efforts, nor wvill
they cease fromt attemlpting' to inlvolve us in thleir domestic troubles,
Leave them to the settlement of their own (litheculties. They have disfranchised the- aboriglinail people, hiavNe impnlrisoned their Queen, have
confiscated all erown propei-ty, so that now the princess is a poor
Hawaiian meaid oim English, soil, fortunate th-at she is with those who love
her for herself,Alone.
Suich, alas! is but one chapter in the story of the latest of those of
the worldl's history where the weak a-Ire dispossessed lby the strong; it
camne even to our- ancestors with William the Coniqueror; it is ev-ident in
the long-y century of dishonor of Amnericani treatment of the neative
Indian;it rose towards heaven when the Sep()oy was literally fired from
British guns: it was the only excuse twhen poor Pizarmo hought ain iron
chain with a prison-cell lpiled with g-old; it cheered onl the hosts of
Cortes in his ma.-rch onl Mexico; but it met its defeat, this spirit of
che~ating- the origyinal laud-owner of his holdings, when a woman, Tsa-of pious memory, -sitatteforeiomi racecolonyeai
b ela -Isidtha te                                   1111 nlyrea
on the soil God crave the Spanish people, by being the servants and not
the rulers of' the people. IHad the H~awaiian monarchs taken this position. in the day of their gYrandeur, it would not hav\e been) reserved] for- a
royal matron and a princely niaidenj to bear in pet-soil the agonly of a
nation's humiliation.


NO. 10 BROAD ItRE ET,
BOSTON, June' 14, 1895.




*J
i)




.4


THE EXILES FROM                 HAWAII
SAN FRANCISCO, March 4.
THE Honolulu steamer which arrived on Saturday brought nine of
those persons who preferred exile from Hawaii to the risk of trial by the
existing court-martial, not a member of which tribunal is of such character or antecedents as would be approved by the men who employ its
agency. The Dole government have been forced to use men and means
for the suppression of the recent outbreak, and indeed since they first
came into power, that personally they could only despise. Two leaders
go free as a reward for betraying comrades. The light sentence of Liliuokalani - five years' imprisonment and $5,000 fine - is in contrast to
that of about ten conspirators who receive thirty-five years' imprisonment and $10,000 fine. No one suffers capital punishment. The fines
can never be paid, and it is quietly said tlat if all will now combine for
annexation general amnesty will follow, because the -United States will
have to keep the peace between all parties.
What to do with the Queen was a puzzle when the steamer left. She
is now a prisoner of state in comfortable apartments, and by this
clemency the government hopes to secure native influence for annexation. Each of the exiles was obliged to sign a paper declaring that his
departure was voluntary and at his own expense, but that lie could not
return without permission of the minister of foreign affairs. No copy
of the agreement could be obtained, not even by the deported.
Business at the islands is paralyzed. There was never known such
lack of the needful things of life among the natives. Freedom of
speech is abolished, and among the steamer's passengers was one lady
who was glad to escape from the officers who had summoned her into
their presence for openly expressing sympathy with the fallen Queen.
There is reason to believe that if the government lhas not employed
physical torture to secure evidence, it has wrung that from one prisoner
which would incriminate others, by the hardest treatment and by threats.




2


'2              ~~~~~ACGAIN IN HAWAII


"M CN1r. Peter C. Jones," so says an official (ieslpatcli, "1has applied to
the Americlan minlister for a-1 blank for his income retrnm."  What a
patriotic sound that has! Mri. Lodlge should at once move inl the Senate
that the President 1)e requestedl to appoint a special delputy-collector for
Ilaw~aii with functions adapted to the laudable desires of the plantersi,
that they may ibe allowed to help hear the expenses of our niationfal
Zo7n'overnmnent.
Butt prick the bubble and what dloes it (contain? Mr. ~Jones went to
hono0tlulu as a, boy, ainl obtainedl employment in the house of Charles
Brewer & Co. I-e is now the presidlelt of that corporation; all his
money, - and lie is rich, - all the capital of that compan-y, has been
wrung1]( fromi h1awaiian11 soil under favoring laws  nadle by Hawaiian
nionarehies. Inimense tracts of territory, oim which I have Seen thle
up~landl lplover as tamne as the city pigeons, are practically loecked tip inl
his vaults.  ife is the mafnagrer of thle only safe-deposit andl trust comipan ~    h   sa     Is.  pesn lie is one of the genial, ageable,
religions g-entlemen who m-ake visitors so welcome, and of whose hospitality one cannot too highly speak. But in politics his experience has
b~een quite versatile, for lie was a proniinemit member of the last offlicial
cabinet of '' a barbarimi, bloodthirsty queen." He was also one of thre
-first to conspire for her overthrow, anrid a promninent official of that early
ognzton calledl the provisional goverumne ut.  Now, having- takena
solemn oath to serve two masters, hie is not quite sure that eithier, will be
able to protect him inl life tand piopeity, so lie offers the Amnerican
repimblic two) per cent. of his inicomle as~_ an insurance premium.  WYill
Mr. Willis or Mr. Greshanm take the(, risk? -it is to be trusted that these
gentlemen, will refer Mr. Jonies to the innmunerable formms of insurance
now in, vogu1e; surely there mnust be some enterprising ag-ency hie New
Yjork, life, fire, (explosion, or ca,_sualty, which will take Mr. Jones's two
pcr cent., spare us,,an international complication, and at the samne time
imak-e a. fiawaiian citizen of forty vears' honoraldbe recordl undler that flag
perfectly safe and( happy inl his island hm.If the lpeople, only knew
how thiese, general] despatches are umanuifiactured by the petty minority in
power, they would have little faith in thle, attemtpt to uise thlem to the
discredit of the Wvashingtlon ta(huninistrattion or to the advantagre of the
atutocra tie stugar-planters.


IFrom the 11Post"1 of March 1, 1895.




HAWAIIAN LAW


3


I 1AWAIIAN LAW
I SAw yesterday a copy of the proclamiation of thle President of aIwaii
suspending the writ of habeas corlpus. So far as thlis is ill keepillg with
the persistent efforts of tile ruling ring' to pose for effect before the
nations, it was a proper move. But there was not the least lnecessity
for such action. This writ, the riglit of free speech, the privilege of
b)eing assumed innocent until proveln guilty, the power to land il Hawaii,
the right to reside there, were all abrogated by statute law about a year
ago, and a special proviso made tliat if any constitutiona:l obstacle were
in the way of the execution of suell stateutes, tlhe latter should take precedence of the constitution. The new constitution confirmed all ac1ts of
the provisionalists, so one may not lland at hlonolulu unlless lie canll ive\
a satisfactory reason for comilng to Hlawraii; after landing lie mllay be
arrested witllhout other charge than suspicion of sedition; le lmay not be
admitted to bail; he imust prove tlht he is not guilty of tlny accusation;
he may be deported, and, if he returns put at l hard labor without further
trial. No allusion to these laws has ever beeln na(le in the genera: l ilews
furlished to the world froml thle locality where they origilate(l.
It is assumled( that those who have just arrived here as exiles were
expatriated as a war measure; in reality the D)ole governllent has
simply executed its own statute law. Haw'aii is about the {only naltion
on the globe whiclh has always maintained a rigidl passport system.
This applies to alien and native alike, and is no dlifferlent to-day from
what it was thirty years ago. No one can leave the islands without a
govern'ment passport, and any creditor c'an thus maintailn his ]oldl uipon
a debtor. Among the deported and the exiled wlho have just arrived on
the Pacific slope were quite a number by no means cle:ar of delts; as
the ruling' ring furnished them with passports contrary to ttle usagle of a
half-century or' o, their creditors now hold that the treasury mulst pay
tlese debts, anl, what is more, the claimants are sustailned by the legal
advisers of the governmelit. Thus a creditor can now, by p)'roculring
the exile of an undesirable debtor, collect the full amount (of:a woutliless debt, or the debtor, by magulianimously favoring royalisl, can




4


A(GAIN IN HIAWAII


secure a free 1passage abroatl anl1l leave nio pecuniary olli'gation undiscll'rgeld.
The court-martial1 lias been extremely lenielt iin its treatment of the
poorer class of natives; twenty-one were (decla'edl  1 not guilty " on a
single judgmenlt, and1 told to go,ind sin no mlore.  Thle condition of
these once hlappy )eople is pitiable. The few thilngs needful to sustain
Iawaiian life weie never so (litficlt to obtaill. lThey are told that the
proper remedy for tlhir pioverty is a:nllnexationl to thle lnlited States.  In
a sense this is true.  Had it not beenl for tlhe courtage of President
(Clevelatnd inl )rom)ptly sending back the tlreaty (lesilgneld iy the preceding
l(llinlistration, tie recent session of (Congress mighllt Ilhave ac(ompllished
even less of national imlportance than it did, becaLuse the great need of
Ilawaiii is thllt foreign money shall be circulated there, a(nd a well-s:alaried
board of commissioners, coilposed of tie sons of tile missionaries,
would h11ave been l)y the present time p)aying out gree'nb4acks for the
silpl)ort of soIme thirty tlousand of tie nation's new, deserving, and
suffering wards.  Ilow the Republican party will enjoy, whel in power,
a(lding to tle Idiai:n:app'roI)riation and( tlhe pension list tle amounts
nee(led for tlie ameliorlatioll of tlle conlition of the:Hawaiian race, includilg a lileratl provision for the leper's isltlnd!  ow patient our
lnationl must learn to be, when financial or interstate questions seeni to
us all-implortant, tlhat our domestic affairs aImst be lai(l on the table
in order to give Senator Lodge tilme to outline his plans for the
proper government of our new colonies, these islands exactly tle same
distatlce ill time ftrom our shores as (Queenstown' is from thle city of New
York.
Tlilhe D)ole (government actedl with commen:dable promptness in the
recent seizure of a:1rns, before those for wlhom they were imported had
timle to organize.  No one regrets tlme clash more than the most ardent
royalist. T'le re(ason of tilis is tlhat tle outbrelak hlas united the factions
of tle domninlant party  t Hpt  onolulu.  Some of tie sugar-planters lihad
giverl iil their allegi:ace to t he principles of Claus Spreckels.  This
gentlemlil hlas been from- the first an olen o(pponent of annexation;
he simply says tlhat its success me:ans tile abro gation of the contract
system; thait sug'uar' C:lannot be raised at a' profit under any other system
of labolr, if for no other reasoni, )because at al critical moment thle laborers would nam   a price  whice wi ould lave to be instantly accep)ted or
tlhe year's crop of sugar would be lost. Now, with that love of l)ersonal
power wlich gel rows witl its tse, and wittll tie fires of patriotism cooled
by their experience with tlie Waslington government, some of the sugar



HAWAIIAN LAW


balrons begin to think that Mri. Spreckels is iighlt, and1 these 1-have been
called ftalse to t' our 1 -la-g, whlich latter embleil does not Iean ll at, 1onolulti the ellsign'll nder whichl they were b1)or' and 11amalssedl their weallthi,
but rather the colors blorne by the mlissionary  wlpacket which elntere(d the
port of the Kaiehlael:lllllils [ifty or,lmore years ag'o.
Persons of    llaw:iianll atliliati(tils wllo dwell at; S11an  ra illis('(o freely
confess now what they were reluctl:al to avow a yea'r 1 ago, nmlv, al that
local1 g(overinneme 1 t is am11 ilnmpossibility itn HIawa.ii, tfhat the republic so
called will lnever elect a president; tilt term of the pres1ent proclaimed
otficial will be the limit of' the new ~constitution.  ' " Whlat tlllh will tbe the
end?"  I ask it., not as a: 1 illterview er, blut ill social coi(Iversati()tl wit l
men wlio 11ave leld tlle lhiglhest of Sta:lte 1' Ilt-i()onal (oli(es. There is Io
ulnanility i1n the replies' ther    e wats o  lce the single w('ord attiIexatiotl.
Ilut now the solution is:at lTited States l)rotectoralle, witlh Plear:l I:mrl (or
strongly fortilield a11nd securely held, a joillt Irotectoal'te of tle older
nations, unioll of the islands with (G 1at Brit:ain, vo(lulllltry on their pal:ril
for self-lprotection, )o lastly their suren(der by force to Jl:pl)lll.  A
resolution favorinlg a nexation to the Aniericall Union has just been
defecated il the Sei tate of Californi:a..
Althouogh the l)ole gover    ellnt claims to h1.ave provenl its inlllerelt
strellgthl, yet it is still at a. loss to know just whl:at to (lo witll tle (ueenl.
Nor is this perplexity confined to the }royal plrisoner i'lone. 'lhe following extlact fromn a. late editorial ill tlie ollici:l orga:ln slihws how glad
they would be to shift this responsibility o)II to thle 1lnit(ed Sta.tes:  If
Secretaut y Greslham1 will only raise ' Old () lor'y' over the executive buil1ding, and station a nriel witlh:a rstIty Imusket t(o p1otec't it, tlie (coilltry
would bee safe il lettitng every prisoner go scot-lree; otherwise it will!ohave to kceep' Iup the work of rigid prosecultioll uIlltil smile futlre (ay
when the pendullu(tl  of frienilslilp swings thlis way."
Tlo (annex count'ies dlist.-ilat flroll (oui' s!hores, were1(' all is pet'(ce a:1n
the desire for union is ullnalnllilous  is contl:aLry to tlie p1lic(' (,f the
United States; wlhat slhall we say the11e  to the pl rlositiot to gra tt. thet
Alteri(.lc flag' to a nation where all is discor:d:Ila( clhaos, simpllly bec(atlulse
tlhe,only waVy a general Iamfnesty can 1he declared is ulder' tlhe glus of
our Itavy?
rI. B1oultelle's tab:le of Iolloliilu comlnmel'ce h las reaclclcl  thlis coa:st,
and lhis statistics g'reatly flatter local pride. There is ill truthl ome new
avenle of American commerce recently opelled.    Thrle, shilps will carry
sugar ctargoes from IHawalii arolnd Cape I Horn to New York; but, alIs
one of them is under British colors.




4
6


6            ~~~~~AGAIN IN HIAWAII


A REPUBLIC UNDER 1)KITATORUAL RUL.E
H-ONOLULuT, March 20.
No republic whatever exists in Hawaii. The isltands are still ruled
by the Per-sons self-cho1sen at the t-ime of the dethronemenit of the Quleen
two yea  o. \akacancies4 ini the original nineteen are filledl by elections
in. which associates are the only voters. All statutes are designedi and
enacted by the provisional government, sitting as they always have in.
councils. Laws a~re pronmulgated by adivertiselnent in the daily papers
over -the signature of President IDole. rfhe rulers are froni Honolulu,
no other lpla~ce havinig the least rejpresentation. TJhe legrislature, elected
by the stiff rages of f our l)er cent, of the population., has never been convened, althouigh the election was held three month)s prior to the iccent
distuirbances.
The nature and extent of that revolt were iminensely exaggerated.,It wa's a mere,, riot, only three pers5ons in all being kIlle, and those by
their owii imprudlence. rPwo( months of time strictest martial law enabled
the governmient to confinle duiring that ntime about fo-ur hunded 1ersons
not in symIpathy with the rulers. About one-half of these cases were
adljudica~ted 'by court-matrti-Al, thirty persons,, were forced to leave Hawaii,
three native newspapers were suppressed, and all connected with the
op)position journal, the most outspoken, now are ine prison; its p~lant
is (listrtainedl for rent, and is adivertised for auction sale. Statutes
restraining lpersonal liberty andl abolishing in some cases trial by jury
heave, 1een freely passedl duin-in  the closing week of martial law. The
President lpersonally introduced.,anil advoc-ated laws for the suspension
for four years of any seditious newspaper, andi a~lso for the arrest, imlprisollnent, or baniishiment of lany Person haIving intentions hostile 'to
time gYovernment. All that was (lone undler mnilitary rule is confirmed,
and 110 suit for d1amnages clan be lbrought '' for thiings (lone, olnittedl to
be (lone, or which shall ibe done in the ex-ercise of the recent power or.authority," tile exact languiage of the acts of oblivion andi iiidemnity, socalled.
Certaini aliens,; advocate the esta~blishment, here by the great powers of




A REBI'ILIC ITNDER 1 I)CTATOIIt-A IRULE7


7


consular courts, suchl as exist in countries where legal l:tiniShliimelt for
offences would essentially differ from the penallties imposed by civilized
nations, where.a jury trial is not possible.
A Blritish war-shil lhas arrived and a (erman one is said to be on tlie
way here.
Th-e governmelt is very careeful not to offendlll  apa.   Nearly ole
thousand Japanese have just arrived. They have inlcreased h:lere fifty 1per
cent. in two( years, and now compo(Se more0 tlhan one-third (of tlie mIla:le
population, or abolit twenty-five tlhousandl.  Most of theilll lhave reccived
militia instructionl.  All a1re unite(l anll initensely lpaltiotic.  '1Three Japanlese newspapers arle lllblislhed ill  onolulu.  Th'e authlorities st1mlnoneld
one editor, Ind clharg'edt him with givin  an affront to the go verlnllllent in
criticising tle manner of plrocurillg a1nd usinl State's evidence.  Ile laiintained his ground, and was libera.ted witlhout a fora1l artrest.  StSuch lias
been the treatitment of all natives of J,1aptan throughoutI tie mnittls just
passe(d  'he poorest laborer of that niatio1nality is safer thanl a.11ny oilier
alien who does not openly sustain tle government.
It is strongl0 y advocated that the laws:ag,1ailnst se(liti{,os i 1nrla (age,e
alp)lied to correspollndents, andl that these he pullislhe(l ill IHavwaii for
tlhat which is prinlted in Americia.
President Dole is ftar less conservative thal tll forterly. Cotrariwise,
lie introduces and advocates in councils the mIost strillnget ltelasures.
The finatncial report shows a pubilic delbt of eiarly $1,O(0,00((), a:
nomni:l balance in the trealsury of $()00,0()0. lut it is said that the,
largest part of the availablle funds:re (ldelosits of platl:iters an(d bI:nkers
for which certificates are issuiedl, (re(tdeemble ill silver at tlle ple:asure of
the hol(lers, so that blaltance is am augllllmentaltion of tlhel il)lebte(ldess.
'Tle recent troubles cost about $100 0,()0 ill lpay:nd sustenallice of tihose
wh-o   eimand(led gul a1rd duty for tlie greatly nee(ed suppolrt of tleir
families.




yi


ACAIN IN HAWAII


DEMAND)S OF TIlE ANNEXATIONISTS
HONOLULU, March 29.
UNBROtKEN quiet still reigns in Honolulu. Local business is improved
by the disbursement of the pay of the homne guards. The ruling' powers
are relaxing somnewhat from their recent severity. Those connected
with the suppressed newspapers have been released under detective
surveillance.
An annexation meeting has just been held by the league, contrary to
the desire of the ruling ring. The speakers openly advocated the overthrow of the men in power, charged them in plain words with being
upheld by bayonets, declared they had impoverished the natives, protested against the recent restricttlve statutes, and stated that Hawaii,
having tried foreign intervention and civil war all in vain, must now rid
herself of the yoke by annexation. These are the opinions of prominent half-whites, but the great mass of the natives stayed away, still
hoping that Hawaiian nationality will be restored by the power which
extinguished it.
From widely diverse points of view, representative men of all parties
say that the present government cannot maintain itself another year, that
no republic is possible, and that bayonlet rule against the consent of tile
governed must fail, besides which there are serious financial problems
unsolved. The absence of Minister Damon may portend a foreign loan.
lThe Queen is still treated well, but ats a prisoner. She is in the executive building, is allowed attendance and private meals, and after five
o'clock she can walk on the balcony.  The government press gives
currency to the rumor tlat she will be released. IHer friends believe she
has refused a proffered pardon unless the amnesty is made far more
general.
There is much unfavorable comment on the death of Ex-AttorneyGeneral Petersen, caused by two months' iprll)isonmlent without trial,
and exile to a cold climate, although he, in common with half those
arrested, took no part in the revolt.
The most exciting event has just occurred in the deportation to another




DEMANDS OF THE ANNEXATIONISTS


9


and distant island of thirty-four natives. They were educated, intelligent men, but were sent to labor with criminals on the roads, because
sympathy was daily being proffered( tlhem ill IIolnllul.  More titan two
thousand persons witnessed the transportation, whicli was closely watlled
by government sharpslhooters in citizens' dress. Mlarslhal Hitchcock went
with them.  Whlen the steamer startedl, all the lnatives raised( tleir voices
in wildl, wailinll delath-sonos, sulll as l:have nevere lbeel lheartl except ill
ancient days or at thie buri:l of a chieftain. lThe prisncler's sang HlawaIiian
hymns until out of hearing.
The restored writ of habeas corllUs wa:s  first used 1by 11Jat'anese 1)aIssengers desirinng to land withl that amount requiredt in bank dralfts, inot coin.
Tlle decision was adverse to the Japanese, but the coisull dema:llded the
immediate collection of eachl dlraft; returilling the amoutlnt to each passenger who then landed, the govelrnment yielding, as a:lways, to tfile only
foreign power it fears.
A general replort is current that the legislature will convene ill May.
It must be a special session calledl by the President. lie will do tllis or
continue the present deslpotisml accolrding to the dictation, at tlhlat time, of
tlhe sugar-planters of whose olrganizationl lie is simplly the mloutll-l)iece.
~ A new (daily paper will be started iilmmediately o( the planlt of t 1e f('mer native org'an, a:lld undetr thle saile editorl  It will bitterly oppose
mlissionary rule and the lpresent governmenlt, a nd will advocate general
appleal to the sufftrage for the overthl(row of te oligarclly.  It will ca1ll
on the UJnited States to deliver the Iawaiian people fromi thle plresent
rulers, either by annexation or a strolng protectorate, becalse 1,y internal treachery a(ld external support, Ameiricat has bettayed HIwaii to lier
oppressors.


*




10


AGAIN IN hIAWAIT


NO 'REPUBLIAC IN HAWAIIT
MTARTIA1L law was declared in 1L-Law-aii onl J1anuary 7th. Passes were
re(-iuiired of all CitiZens founld OD the streets after halff-past nine ill
the ev'eningy liqluor saloonts were closed, all p11sons were requinred to
deposit all their arins with the governmient, the courts were stispendled
save for civil business, the nineteeni rulers gaeip their assembly roomfor the sittino- of 'u court-imartial, and the prisonl was crowded with
Men of a.ll nationialities arrested without warrant, and detained witliotit specitic chalrge or- prospeet of trial. On  Mafrch 4th the lbars were
olpen-ed, on thle 5th thme arnus were returned, and by the 18th all cases,
one hundIred tand ninety in number, had been tried by tHie court-ma~rtial,1
(aidjourned 1 ol  dif)  aind  mnartial  law  was raised.
The-re was but one excuse for the existence of these two mouths of
albsolute sulspension1 Of personal1 liberty. It is this  Whatever is published to the vo~l(1, Mawaili is nlot and niever- has been even thme scmn1lannee of a r-epliblic - it is exactly thle samIle military (leslpotisiln which it
was the week after the Queen's (letlhronemneu-t; only this and nothing
More. TIhe riot, at Wtaikiki, occ"asionedA by the (lesire of the native party
to imp~lort arms, all those fornmerly owned by them having been. surren.dere(l in Janutary. 1893, was mnost ea,.gerly embraced by time Finling ring as
the opportunity for which they had long waited to give their op1)oflnts
a renewal of an ancient precedent kno.~wn 'in France at thme close of the
last century.
Onl July 4, 1894, ttakingy advantage of thle fact thatr public salutes
would be, given to the drawn of Amnerica's Independence Day, with that
lpretelisiotn which1 has characterizedl every public act of this oligarchy,
they announced to time, world the evolution of the Hawaiian. repnblic,
terrorizing thle natives b~y the guns Of the m1en-of-war salutfing inl 11Onolulti hiarbor, appealing to the sympathies of time civilized world by sendi11(r broadcast conies of a document called the Conistitutionl of the
Repulblic of hlawa1-ii. They wenlt thiroughl the farce of ain election, and




NC) RHEPUBLIC IN HTAW AI1


I I


sent abroad a list of nominally chosen legislators. Note well, thi~s was
iiearly one year ago, when the Queen was urg~ing- her lpartisans to abide
by the decision of the United States, in whose, medlatory offices she, had
never for a moment lost her faith.
Having done this, the self-chiosen nineteen arratioedl their comfortable
chairs around the (leliberative, halls, and s-at there, (irawing' fat 'sal-aries,
making, restrictive laws, commuissioning- foreignuers as consuls of the
republic, importing munitions of war, besides spending leisuire moments
in figuiringy up the probable profits onl sugar, or the effect of a private
letter to -.an Eastern friend on such topics,, as would help) their allies
in our national Congress.     Every stattute, is still dlesignedl, dlebated,
passed, or rejected by the origin.- ap rovisiomm a I governinenit which
wheedled the t le ("gatling gnsfroni the Quci.This has never. been
otherwise.
IDo they publdislh this to the wrorld? Oh, no, nor did they ever tell
the story of the brave manl, imanely, Marshlul Chats. B. Wilson, who
held possessioni ot the royal arsenal two yeairs ago while they were
(juacking in -A, comin mittee-roomn; who refused for twenity-four hourls to
entertain atny lproposition fron-1 i the; Who finially said that omily onl the
autograph order of his Sovereign would hie, Surrender as mu1tch as ta
cutlass; or that they then comnnissioned one of their own imnumber to
obtain this p)recious bit of writino. afterwa-trds rep)i1(1iatming their contra-,ct.
of reference to the arbitration of the tjnited Stac-tes.
-But it is useless to write of the(- past; there is cimougli iii the presenit.
The royalist rising has been. greaitly exaggera.rted.  It was in truth leit,
a1 riot, occasioned by the wish of one ptarty here to arm-i their adtherents,
with a view   of fintal aippeal to the court of last resort, namlely, warl.
U~nitedl Stlates Minister Willis haos earlmedl the heartfelt gratitud.e of' the(.
Sspel~cts.  On onle daly these were not given their usual turn in the jailyavrd, being kept securely locked in their csells.  They were informe11(d
thrats,A vigrilance commiittee was on the way out to shoot all, without. even
the pretence of trial.   To this day it is -assertedt thalt onily the grealt
a1ctivity ot Mr. 'Willis aInd the, fortunat-te ariiv-al of the 1 '' Piladelphial
prevented this geim cral slaughter.
BeIsides enlabling- time rulers to handles their opponents by a, court-1
ma~trtial comuposed of irre-sponsible persouls, 110 onle of whIiomn would b —e
invited by any of theni -as a, guest into their fiAmilies, a number of offices
were created, about $100,000 put into circulation for the pay of citizemis'
guaird, anDd a newspaper always distaistef ul to their par-ty was suppressed.
This was the native org-an, and wais published daily in both langumages.




12


AGAIN IN lAWAII


There are in honolulu three Japanese and two Chinese palers, weekly
or senri-weekly.  ()II the 16th the editor of one of the former was summoned by the attorntey-gneral, his offence lbeinc statedl as "giving
affront to the government."' le is one of its adherents anld an etnployee
at tle Customl H-ouse. But lie is brave and outspoken -  t charlacteristic
of all the subjects of Japan il tlawaii. HIe (riticise(l the courlse of the
goverllment as to tlie court-martial, especially as to its lnethodls of securiing evidence, its release of tlie greatest crilminals as sa rewvard for their
treachery to their associates," and used as appllicable to the ruling rino a
word which tlie official transl.ator told their attorney meant "' crime."
Now to insinuate against these patriots any crime is a felony  r. M. oshiilla, tlerefore, is endeavoringl to soften the signification of the offensive
word, and at this writing tlhe patriots alnd tlte editor al're tryilg to collproinise on  t'ranIsgre'ssion."  l)oubtless Mr. IIoshinal:   will be dismissed
with the mildest of reproofs. Why? Because the glunbo'ats of the Japanese ermpire are bnut ten days distant.  It was very reniarhnable that no
person of tlhat lnationality was in the least molested in the late unpleasa nt:less; thle reason for this will ltappetr)e  in this eorlespondence.
But tlis caIse:11(l others like it oceasi)on a clamor for tlie general
issule (of searlch wxvlrra'.lts into tlhe opinions of governl'l enlt employees.
'This is lnot rulnr' it lIas alrea'ly taken tile forml of )etitions to tlle
governenet, tanil tile le'a(ligr editorial in the lprovisioalllist newspaper
advises tle petiti(oners to nlake tlhe'ir (lemallds imore epllia)tic. The
necessity for this inquisitorial process is conceded; tle only qulestion is
liow to alpply it. The mlil(lest alnd Imost rI'easonai)l:bllleue e sure seels to 1be
tlhe followillg - tilere are at least tfouri orga:nizati(olls here the mnenlbers
of wihich volunltarily subscribe to long p),:tr'grlaplhs extolling tihe patriotism
of thlose in power, execrating ba:rba l'ian queens and heathlien prac tices,
and clinchtingl their d(enials of all ablorigi a.l rights by demanding annexationT to the United States. Then there is tlhe stalnding army, composed
almost esclusively of soldiers of fortune, who have recently arrived and
care niothinog about matters at issue save as tliese affect their sustenance,
-a lmost important ploint, to be stnre, for withlout governilenit Irations thley
woull relapse into their normal and needy condition. To these nmay be
added tie citizens' guard, comnposed( of residents who l may ble suinmrtoned
on emergency. It is urged that every person be required to join some
one of these organizations, and( tlhat all persons in )public employ who
have not complied with this requisite be summnarily diselharged.
The question of the revival of the native or royalist press, after tlle
expiration of martial law, is settled by an act introduced b1y President




NO REPtUBLIC IN HAWAII                        13
Dole himiself, whlichl gives to the government the pmoer to suspendl any
offensive newspaper, or any new journal started iii place of such newspa)er, for a period not exceedlilng four years.  Verbal offelnces lnmay be
regulated in future by tlhe act against persons suspected of lawless
intentions, as well as that tagainst se(ition.
Coming n(ow to the attitude of  Jala):  an111  tile position of the.Jalpanlese, I am free to coifess that tlhe lmltter demands more stu(ly thian as
yet it has been iln ii my power to devote to it. On the 11th 1 Germlllan
stenlmer landed about eight hundred (more Jap:anlese. Inl two years they
have illreased fifty per cent. o(-I tlhe islalnds, or say f'rom0 sixteent thlousand to twenty-four tlholusand.  Th'lese figlres re modlerate. ()ne-third
of the 1lmale population of lI: walii is Japl)anese. They are not serfs.
Each llmanl is at p.atriot.  At tle openiiiil of the war witl Cllina a volunltary contribution was made by her chil(lren hIere to their mother-colntry.
Small sumis from tie laborer in the suglar field, (generois subscriptions
from tlie mercllants, raised this to nearly $1 )(),000). The home government received it with thanks for tlie intention, but sent word tl.at the
treasnry had ample 1mea1ns for carrying on tlhe present warl, and tllt it
woulld  e devottecl to hospitals.  Malny, some saly all, of these laborers
have receivedl training in tle militia of their country.  'hley are usually
accomlpanlied in comingil  to this coluntry by Ib class ca1led free steerag' e
passen:lgers.  This term is applied to those who )Ipay their ()xow  palssage-lmonely, lhave $50, and( are niot unde(!r contracft. IMan1y of these
latter are wealthy men,, from   tile stiulent, military, or professional.
classes. They cling closely together; they resent the least repression of l)ersolmal liberty.  The goverm1mellt is filly p)ersundlc(l tll t to
touch tlie lowliest native of Japan is perilous.  'lhus is seeni tlhe strlge
Ianomaly in alien residence: Persons claiminig Anmerican or Eul 1;roplean
protectiol are rnnrched to prison - "  N:ature of offence left blank " is
the oflicial enltry; but in tile recent outlbreak by chllnlce there were two
Japlanese inl oof)ic:ial clutches. The( reI)rt splreadl arlamoln tnheir countrynmel like wildfire, and a   (leputation visited tlie station-louse; tlie men
were feedl. At a national anniversary not lono since, a p)arty of
Japanlese, marchling tlrough tile streets, halted in tro(nt of thel r(oyal
resideiee, and gave three cheers for tlhe queen. Th'le 1rovisionalists were
wild witlh rage; they waited on thle J.apa'ellse minister, 1ult lie {declined
to offer tlhe least satisfaction.  ()One i strong sympathy with tle Ameriican annexation inoveiment las just reia'rked to me-     Each:native of
J:apal in IIawtaii carries a clip ol lis sholulder', and( is dlnl'ig PIresidelt
Dole to knock it off."  Thlere is soime truth in tlis aLssertion.




14                      AGAIN IN HAWAII
By the constitution a president is to be elected in A.D. 1900, and the
next legislature in 1897. Whenever a member of the councils has been
for any cause out of office, his associates or the other eighteen have
filled the vacancy. This has been the rule since the queen's dethrollemIent, and those who claim to predict the future say that it will inevitably be so until Mr. Dole knocks off that chip, and then Hawaii will be
just as inevitably a part of the Japanese empire, always presuming
that American annexation has failed.




HAWAIIAN PROBLEMS


15


IAWAIIAN PROBLEMS
TI1:E remarks of a prominent memiber of Plymouth Church in relation
to tie Hawaiian missionary rel)ublic excited both interest and in idignation here - interest on the part of tlhose who believe that there has been
since the first a systematic fraud perpeetrated on the people of the United
States, and indignation on the part of those who have the control of the
local press, the courts, the jails, and at whose dictation every general
despatch read by the American people has been for over two years prepared. Those in sympathy with the sentinments of Mr. Shearman declare
that if during the period last named such a critic as he had been resident
at Honolulu, so that the world could have been intelligently and correctly inforled on all matters pertaining to these islands, the attitudle
of the great powers towards Hawaii would be very different from tlat
which it has nominally, and as if by sufferance, become. Thlose who
repel his statements as libellous confine their remarks chiefly to the
notice of his errors in facts. Thus, there are not 100,000 Mongolians
here, but at the most about 40,000(); an entire island is not devoted to
the lepers, but only a certain district of Molokai; while it is true that no
Protestant minister has ever (levoted his life to the sufferers, it is also a
fact that chaplains of thle Congregational Church have been fron time to
time resident at the settlement. These mistakes are noted with the
greatest eagerness by the advocates of the missionary party. Tlhat term
is a misnomer, because most of tle actual ruliln ring have had nothing
to (o with missions or missionaries.  Yet it, has becomne historical,
and in treating of Hawaiian affairs it can scarcely be avoided. After
restrai11ing curiosity as long as possible the address of Mr. Shearman
was printed in full by the most prominent provisionalist newspaper in
Honolulu.
Of one thing both sides are certain: Had Mr. Shearman been a visitor
in this city when he uttered those words for publication at Brooklyn, he
would have been arrested and prosecuted the moment that any copy of




16


AG(AIN IN HAWAII


his address found its way back to tlonolulu. Tlere are two provisions
of recent Hawaiian law under which such proceedings can' be at any
mnoment initiated agalinst an alien and a correspon:ldent; these are the
articles in the constitution for the punishment of any lerso1l who shall
be guilty of contelmp)t of tlhe legislative bodly, even althlough not a member
of that body, and, second, the statute ellacte(d )against the making and
publishling of libellous or seditious matter. AMi clh discussion has taken
place almongol  members of the present government as to the feasibility
an1d advisability of:applying these restrictive measures to an alien visitor.
There is::a mllst decided determination on tlhe )part of those in power to
repel the least ullnfair criticism or misrepresentation of their official acts
or public reputation, anuld tiley aSssumle tle privilege of defining whalt may
constitute sucllh lan ofelce.  Thllose wlho (1o not sympathize with such a
leternlination ask Ihow it ca.n bet reconciled with the claimo that the
governmlent is albundantly able to maintain itself 'against internal
dissensions.
le pcroposes to regulate our affairs, does he? " say tle indignant
missionaries' sons.
" Oh, no," replies one of the opposite party;  neither l Mr. Shlernmanl
nor tany person of his way of thlilkinig hlas the least desire to me(ldle in
your domestic affairs. But we do not 1melIn tl:at you shl:ll intrude yourselves into ours; tlis you,lannounce as your intention, and it is only just
that the American people slhoull 1be fully informed as to the character of
the community whiclh seeks to enter the Ulnion. Ilas not a parent the most
ilndisl)utable right to the fullest information as to the record or character
of tlhe man who seeks tan alliance with his daulghter? '
It must in truth be said tlhat tlhe anuexation sentiment is weakening
in tlie homes of the sugar-blarons.  lWhy,' sai( one of them to his
associate recenltly, " why advocate annexattion, whent the consequent
destruction of the system of contract labor will annihlilate all profits
from the plantations?"
I agree perfectly with you," replied his partner.  ' I know that
when we get the lUnited States ilao and tle bounty on sugar is a1bolislhed,
we shall mnlake (o more n rmoney; but I will gladly resign all hlope of future accumulation in tha:t case, because I shl:ll be sure to keel what I
a;lready have."
lThe urgency and ldifliculty of race problemiis tnd considerations of
finanlces are now under discussion.  The honesty and capability of
Minister IDlllon are never questioned, but, has lie said to his associates
in the cabinet: " Aplpropriate wlhat you will, but remember the treasury




HAWAIIAN PRI'OBLEMS 


17


can pay out no more money for the present"? Is it then any more than
a rumor that by mealns of the deposits of silver, the issue of certificates and treasury notes, an occasional purchase of some $20,00() of
Hawaiian bonds or deposits in the government postal saving's balnk, tle
opulent citizens have bled for their country's cause to universal fraintness, and consequently that tle object of the deparlture of Millister
Iamon for San Francisco on the 20th was that he Iighlt show to tlhe
world how much better terms than those accepted by Presi(elnt C(leveland could be made with foreign money-lenders?     rhlle only reason
publicly assigned was that of a personal consultation witll 1Mr. Charles
R. Bishop, for some forty years the leading islanld bauker, but since the
dethronement of the Queen living generallly a   nt Saln Flranlisco, and in
private business a partner of Mr. Damon.l
The contrast between the official treatment raccorded to.lJapll  andll
China is strongly marked. Amlong recent enactmenlts is one makilngo tlhe
exclusion act ailned at the Chinese far mlore stringent. As at present
constructed, it prolibits the entry of any person of that lnationality
without special pelrmlit of the 1Board of Immigration. This is rarely
given save on declaration of the applicant that he proposes only to l)e a
domestic servant or an agricultural laborer; even then $1..50 Ia mouth
must be deducted fron his wages for the purpose of payinog his way
back to China; should he leave the two ablove-mentione(l a:venues of
employment, he mnay be at once dleported. Tils severity is meted( oult
to the Chinese to satisfy the American League, which is tlhougiht by Imany
to be' the most formidale enecy with which thle governmenlt is olliged( t.)
contend, because it is nominally of its own lhousehold, but coml, pose(l
of illiterate men without largoe estates, who nimag'nify tlhe least aid( or
support rendered to their wealtly rulers, (lemnantling an e(lla.l (livision
of tle offices an(l the spoils.
The prLo(liileIt lmembers of this organization begin to suslpec(t t he
sugar-baroms of lukewarm aulhesion to tlle causse( of alnnlexation, so just
onl the eve of the lel)arturle of this mail is eld n:tllllexastio imee tillg,
the speakers b:eing chosen fromn all classes. Thlose not in sympl)athly with
tle league, yet stllpporting tlhe governllltl, l)point to tlie falct tl:hat 1no 111mor
inoplportune moment could halve beel chosen, for sulclh reports (of dlespotisnm, military tribunal, forcible exile, supplressiol of a free p1ress, land
statutory restraint of opinion have g()one 1abroad1 that no civilizeil Ipeopwcle,
in tlhe ordinary exercise of good j(udgmelnt, comuld (lesire (close'r u11nio(
witl powers responlsible folr sucll, o overnmnelt. T'le:illerents of' g'verilmllent say furtlher tllt the mnlloment is specially ill-chosen, betal:use tlie




18


A( AIN IN IN HAWAAI


Wa:tlshilltntol (Clongrless, towu'l:ars wllich from tile first the provisionalists
hl:ave looked not inl vain for their most valued defender, has now adjourne(l.  But tile temllptation to pose for effect up1on foreign nations by
sendini  fortll an llacoullt of a, lmnass-lneetilig is not to be resisted; thle
D)enocrlacy s'ay thlat their lordly rulers Lhave d1ole this fromll tile very first,
a'1.ld give as the latest ilstainee the recent abolition of inaritial law on the
very day of tile dleparture of the last steamer.
Some disapp))oint1llent 1has beell said to exist iln \'over'll ient circles:t tile smalll prol)lortion of volunteers who camel forward in tle recelt
elmergellcy.  The nale polpulation ()f IH:)olulu, excluding Mongolians,
is abotit 10,000); tile citizenls' tuardi, increased( byy loyal reclrits, turned
oult at the  llmost with 1,20() mneli. lBy this it would lapp))ear that tile
mlilitiia oll einergencly  mitll-1bers say olle ill twelve of the ilmale population,
ilbut -as m.ost of this 1ist200 wee  recent larivtals wllo nee(led the wages, or
those who hlnave little at stake, the  umilbler o)  f  (atu'al pa:triots willing to
risk life for Ihatlwaii is re(ldced to a mililniIul.  As a collselquence, there
is 11ow u lldertaken:a most searchliing inquisition into the sentiments of
those Iperso0ns emlllfoyed by the g 'overnment, but who rendered it no aid
in its 11hour of terrol.  Th'lis is calle1 lby the ollicial organ of tie rulers
"the tblack list," a.1d it is proba)ble tlhat all those who blelieve too much
or too little in re(gard to the republic,:an1 so hesitated to rusll to its
lefence, will no loigier etat  its tables.
An election is ordered to fill the seat of Mi'. C. L. Carter, ekilled in
the recenlt tr(ouble,:.111l it was prolbable tlhat another meinber of the same
fam:ily wouldl be chosell, but lie (leclined to run. A member of tlie advisory coulicil beinllg l)erm:ia1ently out of the country, it is urged tlat Ihis
seaIt be filled. lThe first-nlamled polls will be open to those entitled to
vo(te un11eri tlie new constitution.  The latter choice, if made, will be by
the men! wiho iln 18')2 succeeded ' royalismn. Tle councils are tie (governillg po(wer of thle lnation. Th'lere are tihose of undoullted loyalty who
say tlltt tlle legislatuire will never bIe collvelned.  The constitlltion does
not il(licate any period for it earlier thlin  Feltbrualry, 1896.  From those
w1ho klow the lnlliln(s (of tile lrulers conies to lme tlhe same intelligence
tlihat I gleanlled ill Sail FIrnllcisco, I:amely, that it, is impossible from
e\vel'y lpoilnt of view for lawaii to mlintainil her present status for one
yeart to come.  B>y distinet anll (differ(ent cll hins of rea1so1ning, tile
ex)erielce of the plast yearl las (caused each thinkilng 1man to alu'rive at
this cocl.lusionl.




HAWA\IIAN DISCONTENTr


1!t


IHAWAIIAN DISCON TENT
EACHE breatll of tile trade-win(l which blows across these beautiful
islands is charged witli ruinor. To listell on the street con()er, or take
notes whele ellnl do )onglre'alte, werle onle lloved b y Sllch evidlence, is to
be convinced tlat the revolution is yet to coime. 'The few natives who
na(le the recent ri(ot were only so manly schllolboys who slook tie tree
before tlle pear was ripe.
More land more leuiency is shown to Liliuokal:alni; sle is now allowed
to walk thllroull tile grounds of what was once Iolali Palace, l)prviding
her promenades are not taken before four in tlle atfternoonl, an(1 are
limnited 1.) a radius terminatillg at one hndlllred feet fromn tlie Oipe grating
of the fence.  Iler friends believe that nothing less tllhl ) pardon or permission to return to her private resi(denle lhas been offelred to her, b)lt
she Ihas not onily refused, but has (lared her capltors to send herl to slhare
the imprisonment or exile of her adherents, ad(ding tihat she would willilgly go into dlurance, or accept general uanesty, whaltevelr niolgt be the
universal fate.  It is not the (Queen as a p1ersonl whichl constitutes the
menace to thle lpeace of Hawaii.  Tlle case is tilis: For sevenly years
royalty has been the basis of 1ion11 to all parties in these isla:nds.  It is
the loss of any point of union which now )pecipit tes a:.nrchy.
T'o state briefly the position of eaich one of the elements goverlned by
the nineteenl menl il power; - those of tile native race lhave ai feudal or
tribal pride in tile consciousness of possessing al chief of their own color;
is this not true with other a.borigitall peoples? 'llie Arab slheik or Indian
sachem maly be a savage, but could you sulpplant Ilis autlority witli that
of a plilanthropist? Time Chinese owe theii Ihlawaii:.n l)rosperity to the
mlonalrchy. For tlie two years just passed, tlle existing (ove)V'1elinet11 las
been forced to curb this prosperity in order to placate a large middle
class of whose support their oligarchy had (lire ueel. Ilgnorance exag- ltgerates its own imporftaice, so tthat now large numbers of lmeCI of tlis
class, to each of whom the sulgar-baromns handed a lmusket during the




'20


A(IAIN IN IN'AWAII


late disturlbance, clamor for their slare of the victors' spoils. Each
m1111n aSSIumes that Mr. l)ole would not be President to-day had it not
been for his individual aid. The Japanese are sensitive to the least
offence,:and care not how soon a national quarrel is provokel. The
better class of Europeans are disheartelnedl at the scarcity of money and
tile insecurity of investiients, and, whatever may be their politics, tlese
mnake no secret of their lolpe for the permanenlt protection of some one
of the great powers.
The vexed question of annexation to the Almerican Union presents
great perplexities. Whether or no the powers that be still wish for this
as their first choice is now a secret known solely in their conclaves. It
lias been discoveredl tllat only the President individ(lally can lmake a
treaty to tis en(d; that not only time people, but evenl tile Senate, should
it ever convenle, lhave absolutely no voice il tlhe matter, the new constitution leavingl it entirely with the individual who has been  the
supreme power since tlhe fall of the monarchy. Thiis power is exactly
that,against whichi tlhe Americ'ua League is opposed, nor do tile speakers
accredite(d by tile latter in tile least disguise their intentioni to rid the
country of what tley style 1" missionary rule."  No visitor would dare
to use such language; ihl public as was spokel a', few days ago at a mass
meetino heldl Ilnder tlle auspices of tlis organization. There were two
noted Ihalf-wlites eng'aged as speakers, botli of whom expresse(l the
most opeil hatred(l to the )preselt rulers, described the attemnlpts that the
nation ll.h made to throw them off, and recommended annexation as a
last and necessary resort. Through circulars distributed by the city
police, thle a:uthitorities warned tile natives to stay away from  the meetilng, lan  from  one motive or tlie other, fear or loyalty, this command
was (quite gener'tallv ob)eyed.
IIlsanity is said to havee resulted in two instances where meni have presu1led~ to ultravel tile goovernment accolunts,:tand from p)ersonal experience
o1  1111:ay rea'ldily believe it.  )y tile latest statement the gross (lebt is:1,(;315,G 175.3(;, haivil  i(ncreased in one weekl $1,850.  l)eductigl from
tlhe above $711,200.27, tiis a.mount being tile sum due un(ler the postal
savings )an'ik act, tile lnatioinal debt has increased( from M'arch 31, 1892,
to time llresent ldate, $  )10,275.09. Under thle last statement madle by the
llmoallrcliy, tlme postal savings })ank was in a most flourishing condition;
its del)osits were $9491,049!).1;, this lI:rge sum being divided among depositors of every ralce, and:almlost entirely of moderate means.  From lack
of collfiilence or kilndred c.auses, tlie (demands o  the government were
eIlol'o11l01s,:ld(  aolluntllted to little short of $400,000 in one bien



HAWAIIAN DISCONTENT


21


nial period.   How, then, does it haplpen tlhat the dimilnution to-tlda
(while the (ralinl still g)oes on1) is insig'lniici:aIt? lBy  1(i:cil st:ttellmeiti
at this ti me there is butt $13.;3,798'.)9) illn c;sh inl its Vatilts, of which
8 1-7,8831 is awaiting' itatutrity notice of witII(Idrawal.  The o'veritnmellt
1has borr(owed of its supporters larige fulillds for wlAichl it II:s giveic
Iotes siigned by tile postIlstelr-get1rta:l, so tlt  h4w t tere is Io wvay o)'
distingo'ishling between creditors and bon(  fie deplositors.  Whiat is
true lere is true in other departmlenlts. For' exttillple, there w:l s due to
the firrm of Spreckels & Co. $'95,)000, for wliichl his bank 1made per-t1emptory ( len1and.  It was 1palid, hut tlh  t reasurly did I 1ot 1pay it; it
sectilred its friends, and  these still 11:1(1 tlha:t identicail cl: i i  Such
transfers seern to be tlhe rule r':ather than the excepltion, and: it would
appe:ar that without foreign reliefl they must continue. IFor there will
be no inlcome of moment received untiil the l)Dece(tber tax ls a11(r paiid.
The oflicial expenses, includillo, interest, are labout $150,000 I) 1mil>t:h.
The   vail.able cash, excluding( special ftunds anid silver certificates, is
$1T73,3:51..43, havitlg (decreased $(;(;,0)()  tle past week.  Tlt'ler  is:a
large b}ills-payablle account which aplpears nowhere ill a11y pu)tllic statement.   The charge that silver is somletimes borirowed froum tlhec deposits
is doubtless false.  But accounts are probably I)ai1 by,1botls, tlterl'e
lbeing large numbers of these afloat, of small d(enominlation. The inquiry naturally arises, if the governel: nllti is in good credit, a:nd c:m
readily dispose of its bonds at )par, whlly (does it not d1o so:ad11 fill its
tre:asury? The mystery of II:Hawiiall goverilllmet lbol(ds is veyt:Ia enigl: t;
these atpplear -andI disappear in tlhe otlici:tl pllperlcs in:at 111:aiier u1explin-:lable 1  the present writer. About $1,000,(}(} of tie bon(ed debt was
placed tell years ago il Lo(ndon( t, atied (ire tat lritalin is pllrobablylv (a credtito
to 'a sloewlhat larger moln()lt this day.
Thlls brief review of Il'awaiin lilna tces tiay aid teli, sl( pelaltive ill
)pedictitng tlle attitude of that l polwe in case o)f fuirtller co lit:lic tilos at
Iontolurlu. Thie sulm o  $'50,O(}) wa.s ]iece(ltly r:aised by a ti:rsac:'tiont
whiclh ItIight excite crit icism inll view of thIi e miniSSoit a i1 anittece(lelits of
thle men who did it, and thlleir sev]erity on the Brit ish system of o piLum
license when tlme latter was proposed by tlhe (Queent.  All tle opillum (c(ofiscated was offelred for salle, and1ll thle se( itiese irllc ere llail  (, Ito lool)ltl
were invited to bid.   As no bidl of siuficient tilllount was re{ecive(d, it
was exported by the government etamall sold at lBritisli C olitin ilna, rl'etlizing
tile sum iamed.   Higlher eductationl iI tl  islands las Ititlherto beel i
detominatiolnall hlandls, Caltholic, Protestntlt, uand  Anglicaui.  Somel
$20,000 for thle cominilg lbitienial l period:may be save(l,y thle c lau.se ill
the constitution which forbids such aid ill future.




22


22                 ~~~~~AG'AIN IN h1AWAII


One of the SCheMeS on~ foot to pledge the government to annexation
and also to plunder the -Americani people is this: There is a railroad
now bufilt to Pea~rl H-arbor; it is the only one in Hawaii, is about fifteen
miles in, length, 'With possible adiditions of a few miles froin time to
tinie, ais it is to be extended airounid the island of Oahu back to the
Jpoint of (lelartimre.  The la~test miove is to get the 1hawaiian, g-overnment
to guarantee $2,000,000 of its bonds, on the representation that this
na,1tion will never have to pay them, that by union with us these obligrations wvili go into the national debt of time United States, anld that thus
this a~dvantage will be g-ainedl at the expense of the, American people.
How far the r~umors of initerference iby Jtapan as the tool of Gxreat
Britain are the result of the returtn of Minister IThurston. cani be a-s well
established in New York ais in Honolulu.    It nuist hereiinemt)ered that
British initerferencee or even influence is the, whip lby winch J    pwa ropos(.~ to scourge the 'United Sta~tes until the latter prounses to accede to
anly dlemands of tHie little oligarchy.  The stratined relations consequent
oti the Thurston incident tare thought by many to lbe a, favorable m1omlent
forl an attempt at coquetry with the court of St. Jame's.      The fact,
however, that (1 icat BLritain, Franice, aend Japani, s'ince hlawaii aclvertised
thle repub~llic, h ave redulce(1 their diplomatic repr-esenitatives here from-y the
rankl of mninister p~lellipotelltiary to th~at of eonmniissionier, ralnking~ -as
con-sull-oener~al, does n-ot loo.-k as thougoh imuch consideration could be
exlpected fron i the great lpowvers. 1In both g-overinment and (diplomatic
circles general ignioralnice of the caus~e5 of the recaill of M~inister Thurston
is assum-ied in coininutnieatitiio alike with friend or foe, but the nexvs
created the gre~atest excitement. There,Are those, who believe that the
select few int power have known all about it for the lpast, mouth, and that
thirs w~as thle cause of the recent enactment,and re~umlactmneint of rig~orous
lawvs. To ret~urn to mnartial lawv would b~e to risk, 'further rupture of diploinaitic relations, an~d give the gretat powers reniewed excuse for termnina11tingo the shame.  But the world may be possibly kept in ignorance of
the flact that all which has beeni domme by the military In restriction of
lpeIsonal liberty can be done a.t many moment by the groverniment without
advertising its despotism to its sister nations.




3MINISTER TIIHUISTON'S IREITUIIN


MINISTI'R          TI IIT   IST)  N'S       I1 ' ITI N
IIoNo il,.l1 I pril 14.
Tll:E a ll-bsorbillng topic hlcre is the return of MIillister Tl'lJ'irstoll, which
is expectedl four d ays flrol  this date.  Those who have knoiwn himl
since his boyhood, whllattever lteirt politics now, express su1rrise t!hat lie
llas retafined his oflicial position so lonlg.  Such persols say t11ht lie Ias
not the delicacy nor the mannlllers of whicll diplotit'lists are t111ade. 'llThe
governm nent otlci dly profess to kilm)w notllil ng 11mo1e tlllalm t!ha tt lie is
assuredly oil th  way lhome, lbut it is lm(r'e thall surlll is(ed lI:ht tLi select
fewv wrele weearned of thle reca.ll:lbout:a month (lo.  The wishl was g'clelral that it mighl;t iot be so.  Therefore it was  ept s'ecret.
Ile Iwill mIlake mllore trouble, at  loime: t!han: lroad:l,"  saiid someiI.
" Why can he not hlave a missionl t,(o l'imlll)cto?" S:ti(l:lsd  otlher.
A grand ball a11     reception vwere 'iven to Ministerl Willis o(n 1(oard1
the '"Pi'iladelplhia."  It was set ftol the very  y  (lIy whlici  tlle nIews
l.aboult Tlhlurston arrived,:land thllse c('oi(cl(tedl witll Ilie go()v('I'1111 entii wh
lattellde(l could b}e retadily identiiedl l)y tleir lo)i)yoiiv aiir a: lll (oiitidelti:l
conclaves. 'They are still in a1, (qiaildlary:as to whatl to (1do with tlhe
Queeni, land are in alml~ost eqjual perplexity:as to t-le Telosetld iilister.
tI'aviiil ftorla1llly abdli:catedl, it is said thlllt L ilil( s:loala ii is low lentitlel l to
thle sa iile respect, title, or p)osition as lthat:.cco(('ded to otller 'retire( i  l(olarchs; tlIhatt ofHlicial ranmk ceases with' ollh(ce, royal 111rank wit l life.  '1 te'
republic lIas ackiio(wledge(Jd this prece(lenti ii regard to Kapiolai, tile
(Queen dowager.
T    le: tading ediitoritial ill the gover'1iieli t orI:'anI t o-dy l a!ors o ' r a
coliumni to prove that lawaii is a lrepublic il slpite of its dicslotic laws
11and o()igarclhical rule, bothl of whi(ch are acklnowledg'ed.  l'xwo col(lumn lS
were recently d(evoted to( citi[ng inlternllatio()l:l l pre(edelnts t'()i (l(e[(epolta tio(.
Englandll, 'r:nc lle, Japall)1in, ti l)erhlaps o()1her pl)wers, htave withiiili (oI;
year reu(lced their ollicial relpresenlilttives h11re f]rom( mli inist('  t}o coilnsulgeeri,!l 1 al( tle U1 ite ( States tlas raise(; the ranilk )of its (1sl ll, to:ct
in case of te   bsence  of Minister Willis.   It is just hinited tll t1his




24


24            ~~~~AGAIN IN HAWAII


was done by the Washinigton administration in order to providle for the
Iperrmalleiit niegglect to appoint aniy successor in- the event of the retireniienit of the American Minmister. Mr. Willis i understanlds the situation,
andl it would be ', grea~t mistake to supplant him by any other diplomnatist. It would be far bettelr for all interested to follow thie examlple
of the three a -bove-inentionied powers.
The next questioni of interest is the Iproposed conivening~. of the legislaturce in May, complicated anew by the Thrristoll incidetit. If not
clalled. togetlher, the effect on the great power-s abroad and( the other
islands here would ibe disastrous to the nineteen rulers.      It will lbe
kimiow th)at the provisionalists,are still tabsolute rulers, and, there are
imanly domestic taffair-s mel'ating to other islandis on which th~e actual resi(lelits aire, restless. But if convoked, dissensions are sure to miultiply,
for it is openly pI-ol)osed to rclpeal all the restrictive Laws of' the past
yerand P~resident Dole cannot stanildibefore the Assembly, as he has
repeatedly done of late, atid control legislation lby arguiment andl personal influence.
Tlhe national (lebt has been increased $600,000 andI the savfings-bankc
(lelosits decreased $400,000 since 1892. The conninnity is in a state
of tenlsion., and conlutless rum.-tors are afloat, but with no appreliension
of ani aimed outburst for the present.




TIHE IIAWAAIIAN OLIGARCHY


25


THE htAWAIIAN OLI(GARCIIY
IHONOILULU, April 13.
Timi: only legislative assemibly ever qualified by the present government, namely the very men who two years ago seized power 'land pi(oclaimed themselves rulers, has just decreed the lpalrdon of Aslhford, a:
distinguished ioyalist. It was with difficulty that lie was convicted, and
the release was conditional on perpetual exile. The motive was to avotid
odium like thalt consequent on the deathl of Ex-Attorney G(enera:l Petersen, for Mr. Aslford is dying.
The results of the inquisition into the sentienlts of a1ll goveinllent
emplloyees have leenl reported to tle coluncil, and sweeplilng dischllarges
are to be made.
There is not an atom of truth in Mr1. Thurston's assertion tlhalt tile
natives are taking the oatl of allegian(ce. Iy tlle ollicial recordls five or
six a week lmay do tlis. Tley do so from intereste(d lotives. Five
thousand or six thousanid on this islanld alone lllust comee in. On IIawaii,
largest island, Marshall Hitclhcock is unable to conlvince tli i atiives
that thle Queel lhas abdicated. Ier act madle no diffelrence in tlle native
loyalty to the monarclly in  Ionolulu. She was deceived by tlhe salme
tactics as tlose emplloyed at her dethironement. IHer sole l)purlpose was
to save otlers flrolm I)lnisllment.  She was absolutely indliferent to her
own fate, tand, greatly to the disgust of her captors, continues so.
For tlie first time in the island(l's history, a subsscription relief is
asked, this being for families of political sufferers no()ng tile lnatives.
No alrinshouse ever existed ' hee, a d tlh e governlment lhas granted( an1
unulsed slied for shelter.  Symp:athy for those in convict dress is forbidden. These work on tlhe roads, a1l d women are reprimanded for
recognizing them, even the Queen being told not to sit at hler window
as they pass by.
Excessive timidity characterizes every public act of the government,
and race questions are giving the ninetelen rulers and tfle tw o per cent.
of so-called Amiericans, who support themn, mnuch trouble. Twenty-four




26


AGAIN IN HAWAII


hundred aliens have arrived in three weeks, divided among Japan, the
Azores, and China. A general registry of all persons and a stay of
foreign immigration is advocated.
Even the better class of European residents are much offended
because an official tax-list has just been advertised in a Chinese newspaper to save a trifling expense. To placate critics, the government
has dissolved the Chinese fire coml)any and lhas thus aroused the enmity
of the merchants of that race, as it was one of the most efficient for
their protection.
The citizens' guarld hls refused to recognize the clause imposed by
the rulers, that the volunteers shall submit to martial law in the case of
charges against a member.   The government was forced openly and
fully to recede from this, so that discharge from service constitutes the
sole discipline.
Mr. Thurston arrived to-day. Never was a person more unwelcome
politically.  There is literally none so loor as to do him reverence.
The last importation of Portuguese, who cost about $300 a head, or $25
a m:onth to planters, was, it is said, a political move of his initiation,
for the purpose of a.dvertising white immigration.  Even his friends
accuse hlil of bringilng the government into disgrace at Washington at
tle most critical momlent of the existence of the so-called republic of
Htawaii.




THE HAWAIIAN GOVELRNMENT


27


rTHE     lLA WAIIAN       G(:OVIE IIMENT
WEIUif an observer to be asked to lname an element wlhich is characll: teristic of the Iawaiian governmenlt, of tli individualls composingr and
sustafiningi it                           1t, an  of this c nity t ti set  t l  li
truthfully reply, timidity; were lie inclined to be disco(urteous, lie wouldl
substitute the word cowa'rdice.
In tie course of tile past three weeks elmiglTrnt steamers have lanlded
att Hlonolulu about 2.400 aliens; tlese caIme froin Japian, tile Azores,
and China; ill lnu11bers, mio(re thl:all: thirdl from te first-nal:med coulntry,
or say, in roundl numbers, 1,000,  ()(), anld (00. Nonle of these were
wanted.    A like proportion of imlliglralts, igiior:int of tile laws. tlh
languag e:11nd customs of the lnaitiol, brouglt ly interested parties to
the State of New York, migOllit justly al:ar'  eco)oml( ists.  Why 1lt.len
did these emle?  Tle treaties witlh,lJal)t.n 1relnder her a fa:voreld  nation; it is for her interest to ship off ]her surplu)1s pop(l)ation, and tlhe
colmnlissionl house here nlmak is ts pr)ofit on: every slli):1and its l)asselnglers;
tlhe ilmnnigl:atio  conimissioners silmly (.lcanlnot interfere,:alnd:altlholgll
local jolurn'lists cry aloud thalt responsibility for tlis latestl arrival should
be traced and st rong, admonitionl giNven, nothiln  proh)lilbitory results.
The latest inil)ortatiol of Portuguese wa:s a political lmove, tn11der lMr.
Thulrston's advice, to currly favors' withl tlhose here  wlho oppose tle
Chlinese, and als( to pose before thle world as a country encotllgig(g
white in11miigration.  It lIa.s beenl witll dlifliculty that tihe shipmentls tfrom
Jlapan andlll the %Azores were pllaced oil the Ilalltations; tlie (Chinese witil
accustomed sliIrew(liess tlke care of tlhemselves tand of ea(ch other; the
governlment has the least to fear from imllnigrants of this lnation; yet,
strlange to say, they atlone ive bonds for an ultimlate return to the land
whence they came.
Those best informed( do not, confirm the favorable ol)inionl held by tlie
people of the United States as to the Japllese.  Tlie upper classes are
crafty, deceptive, destitute of all constancy to the prilciples of integrity
and business honor.   The common laborers are sensitive to tlie leatst
affront, real or fancied, quick-tempered, prompt to a;velge an inlsult,




28


AGAIN IN HAWAII


alnmost impl'acable if excited, holding the lives of others very che.aply.
They are united, land for tlis reason are ready to adopt the trades-union
priniciple of strikes.  This is a forllidable weapon oil a11 isolated plauntation, and oil a recent disagreelellnt the proprietor of stich a onme owed
the safety of his family and his own life to the fact that while 500)
Jnplanese were maintailnig' the attitltle of menace, a hundred native
Iawaiians were il reserve ready to inlitiate a )petty war of the races:at
an instant's warniig.  It was:a (olrea:t mistake to substitute this people
for the thrifty and amiable Chinalmanl.  None better know tlis now than
tllose who catered to senseless prejudice for the sake of a brief 1)opularity.
lThe lnatives of Hlawqaii and of Chila fused admirably, intermarried, andl
enrichlled the land; Hlawaii.ans anld J)apanese  e ar lntagonlistic; if allytling
would rally the formler to tlle supl)lort of the p)resent govertnmlent, it would
be the threatened subjection of these islands to the emlpire of Japl)an.
While the introduction of the Portuguese was a measure in favor of
tle permainlentt settlemelt of whvite eml:igrants, yet tile results foreshadow
as llmulell (danger as sul)pport to the rulil g   rilng. Tley are intensely jealous
of the two Mongolian races, and will refuse to work if any Japanese or
Chillese are' conjointly emilployed.  They demand superior treatment,
toc(gtller witll suffl'ra:o'scS tl(l l)rivileges suchl as are granted to others of
Europeall linleage.
Altlloulgh thle governmnlient anntounnces to the world tlhat the attempt at
resistance by the nattives is overwhelming14ly suppressed, yet it is an open
secret here that very little of the Imunlitioll of war siluggle(e into the
country was found. A very recent incid(nt shows hlow the rulers dread:a gLatlering of tle ruled.  Th e bo(ly of Ex-Attorlley-Genleral Petersell
trrived here for illternent. As lie was colnsidered,a mar:tyr to the native
cause, a large inumber of I-Tawaiians wisled to do him hoelnor by atten(ling llis funieral.  Not tile least iltimation of tile cerelmony, either prior
thereto or tlereafter, al)leared in anIy newslpa)per. Furtlier, Ilis famtiily
were warnedl that tlie lurial must take lplace witlh p)romptiess, tlhat it
Itlust hle strictly private, an.ld tlat no crowd or display woultl 1be permitted.
When those ilterested ilnluiredl about tlhe hour of the f'uer:al, it was discovered tllat tile soil of Hawaii alread(l y y lighlltly on his cofllln.
The avelues of emlployment are aIlmnost enltirely tunder tlhe control of
the government or individual members of it.  Thle latest meeting of the
councils was nothing less than a highl court of ilquisitionl; there was no
attempt to disguise this fact, nor to conceal the names of those who had
done or said too little or too nmuich.  The question of convocation of tlie
legislature is still undecided, so that the anomalalous position is maintained of the old provisionalist councils and an elected asselmbly coex



THE H-AWAIIAN GOOVEIRNMINT


29


isting, rand muanly believe that the forler d(o lnot dare to dissolve, leaving
deliberative legislation to tilose lchoseln six tmoulthls ago for this ve'ry
purpose. Ttle policy of the executive ill this respect 1iiiust be decla.red
within thirty days.
'There is one phase of the Ilawaiiatn question of wllicli little notice
has yet been taken; ttis is surprising whenll there are! so miany Am\erlic:n
writers of the sex of the (leposed Queen. Eitler in public or in private
life the Hawaii.an people migilt serve as examples of love:and loyalty
to the gentler sex; the native of humlblle birth gladly gives.a imortgage
which he knows will never be paid, in order to gratify some C.aprice of
his sweetheart.  The central point of unionl to all parties in Hawaii l:as
ever beein devotion to the la:ti\v e mnol11archy, a1i1 evenI where the crown
was worn by a king, tliere lnas been an untill ereurrent of chiv;alric love
for tle flininile consort. O)litera'tio  of tlis bsis of concord is the
cause of to-day's:lnarclly, aldl tlie missionary party are chiefly b1lamlable
for its destructionl.
Emma and Liliuokalani were both elducated, gracious, uprigt, Christian women, such being the estimate of all tleir subjects during a halfcentury.  From childhood to past tlleir iftieth year none of their recent
detractors (lissented.  But after tlh death of her husband and ten years
of retirement, Eilnlla was a candidate for the throne.  Her reputation
was above attack, but it was sail tllat strains of English b10ood rant in
her veins; slie hatd visited London, slle liad been attracted( by the
worship of the Angilicanl churcli, h1ad introlduced it to Hawtii, and1 botli
she and her husband were commlnlicants.      For suchl cause,:iad no
other, her enemies, by a series of disgr:aceful acts, (lefeated tile will of
her people, aid1 by notable frauud l)laced a, inma  o  t tim thlrone ly displacinll a wom1an,' whlo accepted tlle ulndisguised wrong with a resi'gnation
inaintaiun(ed to her 1dyi g' dayv.  Soon0 tllose who l)oaSted tlhat Kal:akauia:
hlad been seated on tlhe tlhrone by thlemn professedl great illndignatioi)  tlhat
the creature was not more obedient to the crefator.  Althougl tley raised
an:arm    S to strike, yet tlie mlanl's goverliment wa:s not overtlirownl.  But
silent conspiracy found expressionl in: Jlnu:iry, 1 8!3, wlhe1 they borrowed
our troopls unlder pretext of keepilig order, ltalle a coi()tra.t of:rblitration
afterwardls repudiated, 'and thus deprivedl iis sistelr of hier tlllroe:1and lhis
niece, Priucess KaLiulani, of tier inlierita:lce.
WalVkilg a1long1 tlhe public streets the othler veninrg, my attelntioll was
in Xvo{lulntarily attracte(l to tle c{lversation of two Hlw:ii:;a.s of  tllmble
birth, wlho were (liscussinlg, sometimies ill their own laurgua.ge,  ail i.n
ours, the political sitluation.  Finally from tieir lips fell the eiplatic
words, twice repeated, " O)1, their day will come 1 "




30


30               ~~~~AG~AIN IN HAWVAII


EVENTSAFITER1            i THIUR{STON'S 1E ETUR N
ITONOLUJLU, April 18. (By Schooner- Aloha.)
MJINISTERz TIIUB',sTO'N'S statement that his return was not hastened by
diplomnatic (lifferenceS is hot stistaiiied by facts. When President D)ole
returned from his vacation to meet hime, the two were closetedl fop ai protr"acted interview, 1m)lt all iniformal~tion oil the subject is still deniedI to the
i)Ublic.
Mr. iDamono, minister. of finance arni a leading- b)anker here, mIIet his
partner, Mr. Bishiop, and Mr. Thurston, in. San Fran-cisco, for a conference of the three. No man ever (lid mo~re for Hawaii than Mr.
Bishop), yet since the tronlbles lie, has resided in California, and now
with(iraws his niame from the hank hie founded forty years ago, confirming the gYeneral opinlion th"at, withou~t the military and financial interposition of ai stronger power, government without the consent of the
governed cannot endure.    Mr. 1)aion and Mr. Thumrston returned
togyether by the latest steamer,, avid it is hinted that the former m-ay stirren~der the portfolio of finance, which would be a mnisfortune.
Ashford, a royalist, lhatl ilaced his oppressors iii. a ddlennnat by refusing
the tacceptance of their pardon. Policemen were detailed to gutard his
sick-bed.  -le was a conflidnmt of the, very mnen now in power when,
eight years ago, they overthrew the authority, al11thoughi not the throne,
of Kalak.ana.  WVhen. their pups was -accomplished againust a womian's
right to rule, 1)0th tlhe AshfordIs declined joining, anid their former associates liopeol to permanently exile them.
Secretary Gresham's letters to Mr. Jones gives great satisfaction save
to partisfan sympathizers anid the gentlemina ihi hself, bec~ause his timidity
in assisting the treasury financiall1y, antd,avoidance of pei'sonal peril, -As
well as his. sworn allegilance to both tlhe Queen and)( the President, are
notorious f acts.
For two years the Queen's b)and of musicians have refused allegiance
to the government,,and this disloyalty continues. At thelir public concert recently, over two thousand persons were present. A prior enter



EVENTS AFTER MR. TIHURSTON'S RETURN


tainment, given by the musicians organized by the government, was
attended by about one hundred.   Such is the universal contrast.
A naval officer recently gave ani exhibition ill aid of tile leper settlement.  He exhibited three military scenes of the late atteml)ted revollltion. Two were borne in silence; at tlhe third, a sIlbdued hlissiIng'
began, and le hurried forward tle plrogratmme.
Tils is the officer who was by invitation of the governllmenlt tlle orator
of the lday at the first anniversary of thle allegetd republlic.  At a second
stereopticon exhibition, his most elaborate illustration was that of the
landill  of a naval battalion in whicll Unllited States troops were depicted marching aInd counter-llarchinilg in union with tlt le Twaiiall
standing army and tile citizen's guard,. thle grand finale replresenting
President l)ole protected by their joint efforts and seated in otlicial
dignity undler tlme wings of a powerful a1nd friendly eagle.  If objectteaching supplants with effectiveness tle pl)arrot-learned lesson, IIawai i is
in a fair way to learn tlhat the power whlicll sustains the present oligarclhy
is located on the vessels of the United States Navy.
Mlisrepresentation of any kind is still considered a diplomatic necessity by the authorities here, a1l1 this policy dictates the general despatches and private letters of the provisiomalists.
The solution of tile financial, political, and race problemls which is
now most coveted by the wealthy class is that Iawaii should continue
independent, but that the United States slhall ol)enly declare 1a protectorate; in other words, that a comingl Americtan P'resident sliall undlo tlie
work of Minister Blount.




32


~~32 ~~AGAIN IN HAWAII


CI NTE SE IMMI (dIATIO N AND G-'rENE RAE
AMNESTY
hIONOLULTU, April 28.
CHiiNE~sE imnmigration. is to be revived in Hawaii, and contracts made
for about 5,000 lalborers, so as to return Japanese onl the expiration of
their contraicts, restricting further arrivalls from Japan to those who
come onl their own responsibility. The increasing implortance of the
Japanese question causes the ap)pointtlient of a minister to that empire
to be publicly advocated; a new treaty is much desired, buit Japan being,
at the flush of success, Hawaii fears that too exacting conditions may
be (lenanded. The position is now fille  by a consular agent without
pay, andl as nothing is yet done for Thurston, it is possibly a move to
provide for him. The existing treaty with Japan gives, favored-nationR
privilegres to her peoplIe; there is no treaty with China, but to return to
Chinese immigyration. means to offend Japan, because there are stipulations to the contrary, anid, further-, the introdhIetion. of Chinese is offensive to the laboring- class of Europeanis.
rihle results of the foreign investigation into the legal Jnrisdiction of
the recent court-martial are anxiously awaited by friends of the prisoners, who believe that the othier powveru's shoul l have insisted onl jury
triatls, an11d by the" goverulment sympathizers, who c~annot (lisabuse themselves of the notion that President Cleveland is treating, with Great
Britain for concerted and unfriendly acetion. E'x-Minister Thurston is
supplose(I to adlvocate a general amnesty so as to (lisarin external1 criticism andI insure agTaiinst foreign. intervention. Payment of the frine with
a promise to leave the country would release any offenders.  Tu e influence of the natives deportedl to other islands is seditious by reason of
tliei r gtoodl lbehavior anrid ti e symupathy they havme excited.
R~eliable information has rea chedl Honolulu of royalist mneetingas onl
Maui, better orga —n izedl andl more generally attended thian ever, and a
ltarge shipinent of arms has just g-one to L.ahaina to the citizens' g-uardl.
On four suiccessive nights armned Honolulu police were, detailed to watch




CHlINESE, ItmmI(,.tz,'IuAiON AND GENERAL AUNIs"~Tl


for landlillng of allies from albr)oad. It is now said tllt the govetrnment
was justified in its fears, but incorrect as to the destination of the expedition; that the next delnollstt-ratioll will be.a native revolt on othler
islands, and that forces being thuls withdlawn frolm Honolulu, the place
will be unprotected 'against a new uprising.
To show exactly l)how tle government proposes to meet tlhis emergency, the following extract is llade froml  press deslpatel to a newspaper in America which fa:vors the ltawaii:al oligarchy:
i The oovernment:has a, force of 1,200()  soldiers, filly:larimed and
equipped, who couldl easily quell any uplrising.   Foreign tiliullsters
would meet with little if:aly sylmpatlhy frolm the peolple oon l:lllill il
the isl:ands if they wer1e a ble to,get aslhore..La1l1di(ng would b1 e a ditlicult performanlce, in view of tlIhe scarcity of roadsteads l and goo~d: halrbors
in the waters surrounding the isllnds.  Mloreover, the lUnited States
man:-of-war Phil:adellphia, wilich is lying at lonlolulllo, vwouldl, il (case of
trouble, send several ullllnredl blulejackets:slhore, a:nd this force would
be l)pr:ctic:ally a supplel ent to t he local regulars:and constabulalry.
Colonel MceLean w, who lhas beenl recently selected to )orgI:laize the Iawaii'an army, will s:il for Honlolulu oil May1 2."
A petition for a generatl amllnesty was stafrtetl and sigted by natives
and presentedl to President Dole on his birthday. Thrlat event wa:s to
lhave been celel rated( by, publllic reception:1ld( general exchange of
colurtesies, hut after ollicial amnoinIcenilelnt lad beeln  nadl1  inll tile 111mo11 -ing paper, all the order's welre (coulitermalndledl: id ada notice of tIle chanlge
posted. No expllianation was givei, Iut not al ls consllr lag w.s dlisplayhed,
no guns were liried l, nor:1'   oflicial call 11ade. Pu(blic rulimo: assiignled t1he
reason to be "i stralille diploni:tic rela:ti(ons."
lThe spee(h.l of Mr. Slheairin:t l, trl'aslate into thle:ntl ive:1g:lln:age a1d
put into circulation here, lIas excited warm interest anllmlong 1 lawa iiauis.




34


AGAIN IN HAWAII


'A MISCARRIED LETTER
IloNOLILUI, May 2.
TI'llE evening' prior to tile leparture of ttis mail, the government gave
puiblicity to a: stralge story explanatory of tihe Thurston affair.  The
(aelic,"' from China, aMid the ' Coptic,' bouilld to Hong l(Kong, alrrived
here onl April 3(. The latter steamer brought a separate sealed bag for
Minister Willis fromtl the Washington I)epartinenit of St:ate.  In this was
a: dlnl)licate of tile letter (dlellanldingl the recall of Airt. Thlurston.  Then
it was anlunoiuieed that the original went to Hlong (Kong by an error of
the Postal D)epartmnent at Sa!i Francisco,:and( tha, t it was found on the
' (Gaelic."  It was cert:ainly delivered to AMinister Willis, and its contents were, by him ofticially (comnimull icated to thec government here, upon
which a session of the cou.cils was called(. and held behiind closed doors.
No conclusion was realched, but the party organ says tlhis inoriningo that
Minister Willis will reaina in, so far as this ooverillment is concerned; that
no successor to Mr. Thurstont will l)e appo)inte(l for the present, (liplomatie affairs remin:aiting in chlarge of Mr. IHastings, and that for Hawaii
it is ott a q(luestioln 11,) of wihat is justice in this affair, h1,ut rathier wlat
is the best policy.
ThIe petition for general almnesty, carried to President Dole on his
birtlhda:y by a native woman, was her individual work, and mighlit lhave
been d(ismissed as nimpolrta nt, but the discussion onice startedl Iecame
wart in the couincils, two menmbers protesting agaiinst anly lelity, while
three, including MAr. l)ole, favored clemecey. Minister Thurston's a(dvice, thatt, in order to sta nd well with the outsidle world, almnesty to those
whose only offecite was sympathy with t!he lost cause is ldesirable, a(ldedl
to the ferCin'it, anmd words p1)assed which were little short of a: threatene d
disruption of the (cabiiet. T'lhere is sca'cely:a I persoil imprl)isoned who was
fou(nd witlh atris, and symli)athly lihas never been a i pultishable offence.
Secretary (:reshalm's letter dleciding the )Bowler case utterly displeased
the pla:1nters a:(l imerchan'ts whlo Ihave triedl to mainta:in the op)posite
doctrinme (f du(al citizenship, amld is considered a-i indirect reply to onte of
these, tlie Mr. Jones5 who( offered to pay.a't invcome tax. IBy this decision
he andl Ihis associates c(iat. no longer claim Ilinat our navy must protect the




A MIISCARnlED) LETTER


35


persons and property acquired ill Iwa\-ii, tunder favors received from its
monarclls, often by reason of olficial colnlltctioll wit-l reignilng, lowers.
TIhey would glladly release Bowler to reverse the decision.
On May 11 will take place a formidable local celebration of the
victory of JLapan over (Ihina.  (ver twenty thousand menl have notified
the planters that no work will be done on that day.  Merch:ants of tllat
nationality have contributed lilberally ill mloney, floats a re being constructed representing tile Japanese navys,:and wooden gun(lls and tin
swords for tlhe e(luiplientl of tle miiaturllle arlmy.  l e governmllllent is
constrainedl to per)iit sailtes fl:ro  tle JI apanese artillery, altll(hou  ex cessively dreadling a conltlict with the Chinese population. The authorities cannot supplress the projecte(l jubilee, therefore they will rely on
two considleraltions: First, the lplacid disposition of all (11C1iamen abr'(:ad;
seconld, the lbtta:lions of1 tlhe  Phlilaldelplllia," which are co(lst:a.ltly
lparaded lhere il: full lightilng, trim.  For1t fifty years our navy lias been
the hia'watii:an stmnding 1army.  It p1laced Kalakalalu: oil tlte throne and
unseated   Liliiiokalani, and  it )()wV keeps thle  oligarll(hy in power.
Should (o1r   laval ollicers fraternize witil political )parties:)abroad,
8s tlhey aceel)t thle  lost iuItitii ate specia l 'attllti oln flroll lmelmbers
of ttle:Ilawaiian gov-er nment here, shouldll  they retlect in ofltic:i:l reporlts
the sentilments 11(1 lperhaps tlhe exact languag:1('e of wealthy residenlts
schemingi for t l)rotectorate, tile oflicers would be ordered lhome.
Pearl Har.lbor is totally indefensible, even if tlie lon-g iova.lle sanldbar were dre(lged.  No salient point exists o(n: which a fort couldl (lefelnd
tile entralnce, nolr is t:here anytling to prlevent the ilmieditife obstruc('ti(o
of the channel by lan enemy, andlll, witl a fleet thelre slhut up1), tlhe march of
~an ar:i'my in tlte re:ir, on Io Ioolulut.  Its only a:pology is a rI'eal-estate
speculatiol and1 ilcrease(1 naval power, or to secure aln ofllficial lirotectoiate wit outt tlIe disa(lvaItaoges of:anex:ati)n.
Thle press (ives, thle ruliong r  illng mluch tro e the.ab.anldoned
plant of the royalist llewsplaper, a sylldicalteo of sml,"gar-h})arons aire trying
to orgamnlize a< jolun'al )opposing 1n1 niexaltion and advocatltillng a l)rotectorate.  lAnother oplposition jourlltal is trilmingl b)etwixt dlisloya:lty landl
safety, and still a third is r(epu)lishle(l inll tlie native language on coditioll of excludling politics.  Its editor is ntder a: lollg-pendigll   indictlment,! nt he saves lhimilself by c(op)yimlng mattter alreadly published( il tie
city.  In tile T'hurston and ge(reral Ianesty affairs, there was serious
trouble with tile governmlent press, but it was husled ip).
'lTe British miniister has received1 notice tll:lt two )f tlie political p1risollers must be conlsideredl subject of tllis governlmentl.  lie (declines to
say wlhlt will be the next move of Great Britain.




36


AGAIN IN HAWAII


RULE OF TEl COUNCIL AN) ITS EFFECT
IHONOLULU, May 8.
THiE most exciting topic here is thle communlication of Britisl Commissioner lHawes llolding that Rickard and Walker, the "' insurll'ents,"
have not forfeited their citizelslhip. A long an(d secret session of the
council was held afterward. The government imake public thle letter of
Commissioner IIawes, but beyolld stating that the claim will be conltested,
no further informatio- is offered. C)omingi almost simullttaneously with
the action of the American Department of State, the British decisioln has
proved equally lannoying to the nineteen rulers here. If Secretary Gresham
had sustained tile principle of dual citizenship, althlouhl this might have
given protectionl to prisoners, yet it would also have established a status
for the Americaln-born element which they have tried hlard to maintain.
Had the two decisions been interchanged, the Dole government would
have met the diplomatic diticulty with far mlore cheerfulness.
Presi(dent Dole lIas writteii a personal letter to the iintiator of the
native action for amnesty, declaring lhat it is the wish a:lnd intention of
the government tv show clemency, b:ut that its exercise must be conditional on the interests of the colmmiluity, onl the condlnct of the prisoners, and on the course of their frields. Thlere are bitter complaints
current here of the treatment of tlie natives wlho were exiled to 'a distalt
island. The lnative population is daily becolning morose and sullen.
Annexation clubs and provisionalist oattls amlong the tIawaiilans have
been tile most absolute failures. Tlhe great mliss of tile people are
more strongly than ever attached to the native t monarchy, andl o still look
to the United States to right their nation's wrongs.
Minister 'Thuirston has been a troublesome element ever since his
return. A strange idea got current among the natives, namely, that,
having been convinced that annexation had failed, he had now returned
to make a compromise on thle abdication of the late (Queen in favor of
Kaiulani, the English princess. It is certain that those in symnpathy
with the present movement have openly declared that, if there can be no




RkJILE OF TIlE COUNCIL ANI) ITS i 'I F 


t), 


annexation or prote('torate obl)t.liled, pleaice will I e iml)pos-slille s:ave 1under
some such Iagreelnent a:Is tlhat, since it is the oIly basis of peace an(l
harnmony.   A prolinlelit sympa'thizer declared( in my hlearin: "It is an
il)possibility, becaulse the Sa:xoll race never yet (lid( yiel( to an inferior
race, the rulle  e olce laied." hlis was the chief objection.
Numblerless l)laces are pro1 osed to relieve the country of the 1presellce
of Mri. rIhurlstoii.  1lle latestl is that of cmmlllissiolner of ilf(rmtllaltiol,
witllh a  office ait WA asililgtoill.  As a professed loblbyist, without liplomiatic. rel'ations, it is ulrged tl:tt lie ctan still lmaalllge the leo.ation, thlie
new mniister lhavingo thus the benefit of his experience, wlhile tile co(mmissiioner will have more freedom in 1)pp)ro:aclhing mlembers of ('on),ress.
The rumsor that the silver balllce ill the tre.asrly is not exa(ctly illtact
gains force by the fact tlht oi Malty 1 the governnellt (penlcy:ldvised
that no further lurcllases would Ie imade excepting on a c'redit of lhrtee
or six lmonthls.  llhose ]holdiiin  claims are forced to raise tlhe 1mlone
alred(ly due by (ideposit of ac.cou(lts iduly approved at tlhe bank, se(Iril' thus accommodations on( collateral by p1avinll interest a:t twelve per
cent. per annum.   From President )ole (dowward1, even the supporters
of the ruling rilng a(r inlvesting thleir surplus receilpts o)ltsilde tilhe coultrly.
Attorneys for the Mutual Life llsuran(ce ('oip11llan  of New Y\'k are
not satisfied tlliat alny judglimet wllhatsoever of the o(cal co(lrts will be
final, because their orga:,lizatiol iS colitested as unconstillt lio inal:
Mr. (arlter, brother of the mlali of tlat allime killedl ill tle.laliiarv
riot, havin g dlecli1edl to rul, Mr. Rob1( erts]o, late district a! ttl)ort y's
assistant. was elected represe ntative, receivingl:all tite vo(tes (.cast, loly
111 in a district which Ihas polled in the past nearly 2,0()00 votes. TheI re
was no interest iwhatsoever in tie election, it leing tperfe(tl v 11  deirst ood
that the ring had place(d inl power one of its ()own creatur es, a y)1,oung ma
of twenty-six wlio resilgnled aiother oflice to take this one.
It is still doue tful whlether tle letisla ture is to be illm ediately:colveiled, because tlhe advisory council, (,consistingo of( fouirtcen el nlibers,
being once dissolved, cannot be revived, and altioug     some of these
have seats ii thle legislature, yet it, will double the iu11illi)ers of tlhe
lower house to be i:lmnipulated by tlhe rem:ailning and upper live of tlte
ring
Tlie governimeniit hlas siccee(de( il exili-i both the i \ssl'forls.  Ilhe
remainling )brotlher, in:a dying ('0onditioil, leaves to-day, Ia:vill, aIt the
prayer of his family. acce(ed to.any collditions; but the (:1oath never to
return is conlsidered of little ilmplort(nlte, becauulse, if the c ilitry is to
continue tlnder its present despotism, imo l )ver of freoedml would wishl to




38


AGAIN IN HAWAII


return while if "In chaliigre for the tbetter interve~nes, the course of the
n1ineteenl will be repudia'Ited "an1d return1- will becomne ta matters of personal
choice.
I)isintcrested tourists airriving here are takeni under the charge of provisional-ist partisans, taril wery attention andl courtesy is shown. them.
All the old abtsurd fictions about the Queen are repeated, and they are
catrefully gyua-rded from opportunities to correct such im-pressions.  Yet,
alumost with iio excelption, a residlence of a month convinices them of the
fr~aud of the so-called repllllic and excites sympathy for the (lishiheritedi
and (ldisf ran chised 1-awanians.
For two years the Queen's hand of forty members ha~s refused to
swear allegriance to the ring.  The gyovernmient; has oPpressed them in
I   efu 1iu them
every way, evenleusn te       permissioti foi public concerts. It now
carries its animosity to the p)oint of prohibitin themi fromi playing a
fatirewe'll to Hawaii on the (lockl. Spreckels hates given them free pass~age
to Sanu Francisco, whli nce they maty go to other pairts of America, hut they
were obligyed to (-et on board the steamier before giving their farewell
0'~~~~~~~~
music. The excitemrent attending their departure wtas intense; some
three thousand natives were ont the wh~arf, anul the, men were loadedi
with flowers. They ar~e superior musiciants, aind sympat~hy for, them is
universal.




PEARL HARBOR


39


PIEAtRL      IIlARIBOR
TH ERE is actually 'n1 interl'lltionl'l:Ia greenlt (tol tlr lee great powers
guaranteeing Hawaiian indelendencle.    It is this: By treat  of 18;,
ma(dle in Londonl, Great Britain:nl (D France 1bound each(' tlhe otherlll tillt
neither would directly or u1nder the forml of p'rotect(orate possess tlhe soil;
then  by the Alnerico-L awaii: i  treaty of 1 S75, 1and its extensions,
HIawaii is bound to refuse to a foreign poweTr ally lien t11n)11 its teLito(ry.
It was this provisioni  whiclh oblligedl tihe p)resen1t goverIlltnnt to (dee(liie
the proposal of England to ma lke ot Neckar Island a telegrail)l statiolln.
It lmay be said that this treaty canl Ibe abrogated. (rati(edl; but it
would be commercial suicide to tiaw:atii to sul)bmit its iproducts to our
tariff, and as twelve months' notice is specified, o 110:lAdvanta.l:   (:ani be
taken of tle emerglency of ilternaltional Cquestionls.
The cession of Iearll Iarbor to tile United States wa:s not ill tlie
origilnl  treaty; it was interpl)>olted( by Senllator Edi(lnlll(ids, of \VeIrllo(t,
in the renewal of 18<S4, coflirlne(l Iby tlie Senate in 18 (;,:and tlltle by
diploma tic c onlor1d:tmade par)t of the earlier stipulaltions. T1le | I)ovisionl
was rega.rded withl (grea t disfavor by I1awa:iials,.bec(ause tlley:are1:\lways
jealous of the least infringemenllt on( thlilr native ri'ght to t1ie l:a 1d.  1 Ir.
Cleveland was displeased bothl on account of Ihis conse\rvlative lore igon
)policy:ld 1beclause tlie lbusilness of thel Sellate was eitiher to I l)l)llrov\e (o
disp)l)rove,,butt not to anilelnd, anily treat), {and thlus hlis lpreloglatIlyive w:as
iusurpI)d. 'Tle only )pa.ties slatislied were thlose wlho to-dly (,iitrol tIle
goveirnlllent in IIonolullll  tlhe sulgar-l:arons an(1d tlheir flricills.
No sea-going vessel, not even a: coa.ster, is to ble seen in Peal  l 'l 11:l )r.
The first obstacle is tle coral reef, wllic] exte(lds ll a: weste'ly lirec(tilo
from Dianionld Head, past tlhe port of Ilonllolltu and1 tlie ellntrance to tlhe
long channel leading into the salt-water lakes of thle 1harbor. Blorigs




40


AGAIN IN HAW AII


of tllis reef by officers of our ntavy disclose the fact that sand-dredging
rather tllhn Il:lasting will be necessary il order to make a slip-channel.
Tllis 'lapp)arent Iadvatnt:age is (eptunterpoise(d by the fact that rock once
reI'(loved is inot rellewe(l, lbut sa'ud call be washle(l into tlle entra:Cnce by
the oceian just as easily:as it canl be punimped out by the dredgle.  In case
of war 1a ifleet cou!d be slilut upll in tle lakes by a m'nll(mlluvre takingi only
the lhours of one (hirk n1ighlt,:a1(1 at, o mor)  e eX )elnse thanll the sillking of
a few stone-ladlen steamlners ag:.illst which the s.andls would soot1 lmake an
imrlasstable lblarlier.
'1'lTe cllhantiel,  somet three miles in leilogtll all Inowhere muclh iiore
thait  a q.ua rte.r-tllile in wi(lth, 'truns north aitd south, ant(1 ca'-  never be
safely usedl by anly vessel of size unaided by steam power.   When the
()northl-c(st tra:(le vwind is ilterrlte'd bly stey sotherly gales, the app)lroa(hCes
to tle hll)(rbor, by reasoli of the successio(0n of reefs, woul(, for a: fullpowered( steam er, ble attendled with g)'reat lang'er.  Ihere'l ore, f o ship iin
(listless co(uld be (ertaciin of ileeting a fielndly tu'-boa:t.
A(bout three-fourthls of the distanice from ocean to lake is the tonglue
of a pel)insutla, which (livides the waters into It least two ports, in both
of 'wlichl there is 1a ldue lproplortion of deep la(l also of slalllow water.
It is quite dolltful whetther either of these encl1osed sheets of water
woutl(d afford, roomil for naval tactics, ald (.ceitaiin thalt there are places
where ourlI l(ong whlite Iboats could In:ot evenl tutrln roun(l, aIlthoughll 1yig i
(leelp water andll il(oored( to the shore.  ShL)oals, co'ral 'ro0ks, anld spits are
preselit here as in  ll oll  ier ellcloslures,:il, wlN, ile blrths for vessels
would be alimost infitnite ill numiber, tlhat the Inavies of tle world could
exc(llmange comlilliients withiln its gates is f:ar froti:ri true.  The dleepest
water is in the long, narrow challnnels.
'lThe spot to d(efend, prlov liilg tile Ilha 1l1  were utilized, would be that
whlichl is (lred1ged or blasted oit on( tlhe olutter reef. IBut lhow is this to be
ldone?  By buildilng onl tile inner reefs of coral:? A modern bIttle-ship
witlh its heavy g'llus tcould knioclk stonle forts over as if tlhey were ninepils. lBy earthworks oi the la nd?   For miles froni the entrance there
is Ino stlit:al)le elevation, even were one coe>telute(d with, say,. lheigllt of
tel feet,:Ind tile difference iii tides is not more tian two feet.  Were
the W\ashillton gover\mlllent to (eclare its itsteuition to 1tilize tilis cessioll,
d(oubittess tle end of tihe pt()romiotory land1 thle spot kllownl aS Ford0's
Islaulud \vouil(l be soldl to ts a:t enormous prices; our tnational needs wouldl
le suplllie(ld by the treal-estate speculfators who have the control of tlle
wlole shore; il fact, deeds 1 hav1 se passd where lrovision is made for an




PEARL HAR1BOR

41


increased consideration in cese sale should      be made to any foreign
government.
Pearl City, so called, exists ciiefly oiln paperl.   There l are:I few
houses at one sIpot oil the la(oolls, tan occasiollal lodge or steside residlentce, the latter little mlore tlhanl a woo(lden tent; Iothlllin  even to
approach in ilmportance tile stluburb of WaTikiki uinderl tile slhadow of
D)iainoind [Headl, distant scr te i  les tell  il o thele castwardl.  It is Ietvweell
tlese two poinits that is built the city of IHonolIll~t, I u1 t I ty i'e:a soii (of its
tortuons course it is tifteenll miles i)y railway from thiis city to t1Hl P: e:1rl
Lochs.
'I'his brief descrilptiol of our 11'pros(OSe(l i lavl sta:tionl is i\tiveln  s:1.
pr'oof tilhat wlile Mr. lEdiunds inmade a pal:rliaientary stroke il stecuri-ng
the extension of the recil))ocity treaty!y thlis llit, Mr. (!levelanid was
perfectly justified  ill his (lisallpprova l tell yetars:ago) of th.latl plolicy of
'Jingl(oisil,"' which of late liils sull:, (lefeldlelrs as Mri. JLod(tc. Il ave
we forgootten the rel)ike conise(luent ol o r (adotion ()f suchl(  a policy ii
S.a1lmloa, whellre our:ap)lpeaae:lll(e  ill:  I) proteectorafte 1adue loc(-':11 to(uilldes
worse, our so-c(lledl (::oaflilg-statioll ('()st us threve  i:1av:l vessels ai nid a
larg1e sl(criiicc of m11111:111I life,:aI1I it volll 1e i i li )ossible to( s:ly wi:at
lhas becomle of oulr  tilns?
IBut werie 'Pearl I:l1arbor flari letter:I dap;ted ' m1 f l: nval puI)rploses th1;ill it
is at )pr'eselit, it is still tirue tlalt tl(e Aliierilca( il  e hiavIye 1 o ulse fl"(' it.
Even in the (lIys whllen we lial a larg'(e fleet of wlh Iale-slils a ll1n Iie c('i ll.i itvessels in thle Plcific Oc(ean, Iloiolulul i ld lllail:a were foud'(llll  to be
convelnientt poits of c:Ill an111d pro)0per st:ltiolns for suppl)llies; tha:lt wlhichl w:ls
tire then is fatr lmorec so to-dlay, I}ec:.lse thlie lports of 11iawa:ii:11re 1ic0w ili
com1liin1lic(ation by stetall withi l:lrge(' (clItres of' distriblltion.  But olilr
whalllilg-fleet li:s goe ()11, inever( to re'lur'11. I i the l w 1 ) 11011 t1s ()f in V St:1 y
here, one wIl1ali il-vessel hlas ltouched alt l Ionolu 1ll. )Duri i, the i  m ili
tilnle iast yeir two ca(tilet-t( fo'r lovisioiis offt the ipo't. Of inerch:'i1111,
excepting tlhe stogar-ca'ri'irs, thlle st:atistics:r'e of IlIo 1(i('c ill) ipolrt'lnl(ce. In
may cruises upo111)011 the sea betweeil ti he (c(:lIs o's (of C.liifoirni:Ia ind tlese
islalnds, not a single sail will be eiincountered.  And yet one ()f t lie a rgltimerits in ftavor of lannuexationl o)r the improve'liellt of 'Pearl 1 Ifl1 -u'.r is
that, with tihe lal(litioio  oaf 'a sblllinl'liltne c'lile, o()11 sISips would lilld it:a
conveniellt porlt of (c1ll for o(rdlers.  Whlose shilp), allml wvhel'e are tlhey?
Orders to whait eild?   Are the A merican pleople iginortl t; of tlle ilic(ltested facts tlhalt we i:ave n  lierc tilc tile fleet clruisinllg i tllhe PaI:cific or a1ily
other oceanll, a nd if' we ladl, tlhere wouldl be no Ilecessity of setll(ling




42


AGAIN IN HAWAII


them out over two thllosaIndl mliles from our coast for orders of any
nature '
But the coalling-station argument?  The two lines of steamships
unlde or or flag passinlg Hawaii have never experienced the least diliiculty
in supplying their bunkers with coal at HI-onolulul, and the same is true of
our naval steamers; the latter prolbably purchase coal at a: far lower
price than that which the governmenllt would p)ay if it entered the business as a comlpetitor in this line.  There is no necessity of ever sending
any American ilman-of-war here, other than that of an occasional emergellcy just a:s liable to present itself in any other quarter of the globe.
There is no greater fraudll  attempted on the people of the United States
thallnl tlhat of:aSSumlilnl tlhat there is Alericall caapit:al il these islands
hllvinl,' at righlt to American lrotection. With the single exception of
the Ilonely iman:lde in: California and invested here by the firm of Spreckels
& (Co., scarcely onie dollar of calital was ever broughtt here by those
impl)erious suglar-l1arois who now so imlpudtently call o11 us to protect
theill in t'rollbles restlltilng froIm theier owi greed of gwin and love of
power.   l'wenity years ago these low haughty planters and proud mnercalltile ltouses were banllkrupt. That monarchy which they malign came
to tlheir rescue;, n'egoti:ate(1 at treaty under which they "raised sugar, ilmp'orted coolie lal)or }y whlich its )prlper culiivation was insured, even advancing capital, illdirectly yet prolmptly, thlat they miglt thrlough bankers'
lolans lhandltle their cr(ol), a(i lea Itsing tlhem valuable la(nds for a trifling
rent.  As a result of tils favoritism shown to thelm b ly Ilawaii, they
becaicle richl off oI:Ihawaiian~ soil tand by royal favor.  Now, stingingl the
hand that raised theln out of ruin, they call thele enortmou)s wealth they
lhave 'accumulated American capital.
rJust here those wh1o lhave invlvcd us in an1 enormous outlay for the
buildingll of a vast l1cet of steel Land irol-t-clad steamtboats will ask if
Pearl 1arbl)or woul(l not be invaltuable to us in case of war; they emphasize tilis (ltuestio)n by reference to tle colo)nization p)olicy of Great Britain.
Where one is forced to) cross a: stream, each steppin-st(one. is important;
where one has nothing o)n the opposite ban)k, why should a ha'.lf-way rock
b)e needfulf? (1ireat Britain is an:l e,inpire of colonies.  ()n her way f'rom
Victoria: to New Zea111cnd or IIong Kong, it mighlt I e convenient for her
to have a basis of repairs andl sutl)lieis at Honolulu. But in case of war,
why should we withdraw our fleet from)l the protection) of our western
coast, antd send our vessels t two tlhousand miles to play lide and: seek
with each other in the numberless channels whicl divide these islands?




PEARL IHARBOR


43


Concentration andl not division is good generlalsllip, yet, Ienll whose e(111 -cattion shlol tl tenach tlheI) tter tactics advocate a policy inl tllis p1roblelmatic war ()only paralleled by thalIt, of sll)positlg ti  l t-inly to  be
voluntarily separate(l 'by its lea:de1(  into two section(s with an1 ipll)ssnable
river rollilng betweell tile two dletacltlinents.  Naval oflicerls of hliol rnlak
have advocated, it cirefully 1preptared:articles, the voluillt:Iry:I:laalldonllellt
by (Great Britaill of the Mediterrlanelan ll n cae of iwar witl conltillentalt:
powers. Were thle tlawtliiall islands to beeome Americ(:n territory, the
pruden t course for us woull be to immediately leave th emI to any fate
ra:ther tlhai  snaI) our owN  stregtlh by herculei1  efforts to dtefend( tlheml.
One swift gunl-boalt (lod(lg'il  ill an1l - out of these (ch'l:tll:els, coull defy the
whole bodly of ou1r llaval l)olice, u1)llnligl pIlalt:ltilns, wlhile )ur efforts to
hii(ler such d(estrulctioll would ollly cripplle o ur westerl const (efe'c('es
and lea1ve tlhemt a  etis prey to a hIostile fleet.  Sea.ftmen canntot be 111mde
in a (Idy, even where tle use of sten it1las ren(lered much teclhiictal educatilon a thling of the l)pst.  If: Helet large enlloughl to defenld Ilawaii were
built at once, where would l  e follld the officers t:1id lenll to mlltll tlle
vessels and workl tlie guns?
1Land speeulation:and desire for promotion - these two terms express
all tlht thlere is in this lhue a1nl cry about Pearl HI:lrbor.  The sieetultors callnot be bllamedl, because tlhe oldl cautio  of caveat emplorf fully
exonerates tleml.  But tlhe COuliSe of tile naval officers of the United
States is exactly that of trustees seeking tleir own gain ratller thia:.:n the
goodl of those for wlhom they shoulld be lguardians. Hitiwaii is tle n:ava.l
officers' paradise.  It lhas nmany of tlle cla:lrlms of tle Mediterrlllaean
station without the enormous expenses of thle latter. Witl tlie airy
modern-built steamboat lnoored on these belautiful wa:ters, to which will
come for the evening ball the beauty andil wealtl of IIHoolulu, with tlhe
most distinguislhed attentions not only to himself, but to his wife:red
daughters, at the l)latces of the island prinlces ashore, it wouldl be very
strange if the naval officer did not become an entllusiastic annexationist,
a11d:l believer in the immediate ilnprovement of Pe:arl H1arbor. To
report otherwise would be to discouratge the very    entils by which lie
earns his income.   To advise naval extension is, otl tlte  ontrnary, to
make tie delilltful colony here larger, to give to otler aspirants tlie
opportunity to live loyally on a limited scale of wages, and to hell) tlhen
up tihe ladder of promotion.   Once yielding to the speeul:toIrs and to
their allies, the naval officels, the Amlerican people will find their treasury pledged to outlays for dredges, blasting-apparatus, fortifications,
n Jr""   V   MICJ/  -        r_.CI       CLI ~~ ~~ n~




44


A(AIN IN IAWAII


lights, (guibioats, arsenals on shore; in shlort, tley will too late discover
th'at they h:ave beenl betraye(l into tlhe clutches of a veritable old man of
the sea, who lias d(rarged not only the present generation into its depths,
but elltailed on posterity the woful consequences of depalrtil:g from a
policy which has kept us a peaceful, conservative. iation ali(lst the
foreign broils of the past century.,/ 








:ii




I




THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
GRADUATE LIBRARY


DATE DUE


II I  III I


~~
I "L':~; -,~I~
~-~
ntp:. -,  sy   ". i,%.,
"I.. `:   I:




UNV tl  t |1l  M   OF11  1 M111lX  XX ~
3 9015 02327 5822S
{.~~~~~~~ f."   '**...........
I       ~~DO NOT REMOV
z ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ wt fh. i   k
I           af Bo            " 
GRDUT.       UBR,,R
f.' '              *.
THE             OF       i
r m                   _
I~~~~~~~~~~~D 1qi lir~ V     e
tee~~~~~~~~~~~.             W~ "*  s 
9~~~~~~~~~~r i o  I K*  -" ~r,j  L^6-  | --- l k *^v
l|  (   f f I IB  I v ~,~ N  I:
Illl,. *   ^  
0 0
1 | I
i  1  1  1   '  ":  I f gl-  
<.,.,  |...               i.S ~ ~~~ ~ ~ ~ I  '"' _           /**;. i  I* ~  J O*.. * ' *:  ',~*  I |  *:  ' ". 1  _   " "   '. j. * -.:.*:*:;,::




I