GRAD i{ 625 l A37. | I I U I 0 Sw: I I' -; P -1- \ s1. t 'J t I), - I I I I I THE STORY OF HAWAII W. U.. U.... ' *.^W /i:;.. 111.~~ii~ g ~ ".! W i i~i~~!!~.......~~.~..... ~i^ ^. ^^~. ii~ ~:ii~,~ ~ STOR OFHAWA~1H!.':::! MARY CHARLQTE ALEXANDE ~' t {'%it?~ ii..^^.'~I:~I? ~i ~,~'~. ~!:~~..... ~?' ~'?OMPA~ '~~ ~~~:~ COPYRIGHT, 1912, BY MARY CHARLOTTE, ALEXANDER, STOIKY Cr&i HAWAII. W. P. 2 TO THE CHILDREN OF HAWAII WITH WHOM ITS FUTURE LIES "Love thou thy land with love far-brought Frot out the storied past." - TENNYSON. 6 CONTENTS I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. THE ARRIVAL OF HAWAII-LOA.. THE TALES OF IAWAII-LOA.. LATER VOYAGES... TiE STORY OF UMI....... EARLY SPANISII ARRIVALS.... THE DISCOVERY BY COOK... KAMEIIAME A........ 1. KAMEtIAMEIIA TlHE CHIEF.. 2. KAMEIIAMEIIA'S CONQUESTS. 3. THE LAST YEARS OF KAMEIHAMEIHA TIIE REIGN OF KAMEIAMEHIIA II. KAAHUMANU. HAWAII AND THE OUTSIDE WORLD. PROGRESS IN HAWAII PAGE 9 17 34.44 63 68 88 88. 124. 157. 169. 216. 231. 252 APPENDIX. 266 7 MAPS BETWFEN PAGES HAWAIIAN ISLANDS........ 8-9 MAtUI, KAIIOOLAWE AND PART OF MOLOKAI AND LANAI. 24-25 OCEANICA. 40-41 KAUAI.. 72-73 HAWAII... 96-97 8 I# I~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~ ~"""""" ' "' Amw~i M oo Win iiii g iiii i iiii i ii i ii now in, Ofti i ii i i ii i iiii~i ~l ii i i ii i iwli k W ho No iiii i iiii i iiii ll~ j~lli i~~~~~~~~~~~lS g~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~g ~i~~~~ ~~ ~~~i~iKK ~~~ci~~~~~~~~~u~~~~~cirn ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ N W rs ii~~~~~~~~~WNP 1"11 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~i~~~ilp~~E 1 ii 1~~~111 ~~~~~ ~ I~~I~I~~r~l~~iiiiiiiiis I II.~HA (i i r j r i It THE STORY OF HAWAII CHAPTER I THE ARRIVAL OF HAWAII-LOA "Steadily steering, eagerly peering." IN the long dim past before the early Hawaiian ancestors had ever seen the Pacific, their bards sang meles, or songs, the words of which were handed down from father to son. These meles preserved the names and the great deeds of the forefathers from those earliest times in the far East, through their stay at the Society Islands, until they came to Hawaii. One legendary mele, twelve hundred years old, tells of Hawaii-loa. In the seventeenth generation after the flood, Hawaii-loa lived on the eastern coast of Kahiki, where green hills stood above white-dotted seas. He was descended from the gods. Not only did he know the hiding places of all the fishes for miles out from the shore, but in his canoe he ventured long distances over the far-reaching ocean. His double canoe, larger than the Hawaiian canoes of to-day, held a house on 9 10 TE STORY OF HAWAII the platfr in the mddle On one exedition n it,; Ha waii-oa hbraed the open oean and sailed under an arch fortmed for hinby the rainbow god, toward the east, eering in the directin of the Pleades Long das in the wind his mat sail lapped ove the Sparkling blue waters. Five times the moon ad chaniged when in frIot of the can White wi of toic birds flhd thioh the gay i a sign of land Hw pe erd into the distane Whe the. sky drops don, he saw _ thr ll dlp ble spts with of the eiath re up in a broad island, ex tending far and nr. As the sun motd higher, three lofty pe ca their "sadows on the water. Snow-~0capd Mauna Ken (White-mountain), MaunanLoa (Long-o ntin)i, and IMoni THE ARRIVAL OF HAWAII-LOA 11 Hualalai, named for his wife, towered on this first and largest island, which he called after himself. The island of Hawaii overlooked the seven other islands of the group, in a line northwest. These he named after his children. Seventy miles beyond Hawaii stood the two heights of the island of Maui, its grand purple mountain of Haleakala with the clouds across its brow; on the east, and opposite, loomed the mountain range of West Maui, land of the westering sun, cut by the valleys of four waters. A red haze of wind-blown dust reached East Maui from the small island of Kahoolawe. Near West Maui, upon a sea of blue rifted with white, stretched the little island of Lanai and the high and low land of MolokaL) Fifty miles across the chopping seas of the Molokai passage, Hawaii-loa's canoe plowed its way to the island of Oahu, with its coral reefs flecked with white foam, its lofty peak of Kaala the Sweet-scented, its lowvoiced waters of Ewa, and its lovely deep valleys. To Oahu Hawaii-loa gave also the royal title of Wohi, belonging to the one next to the king. Sixty-three miles farther northwest, across the waters of a rough channel, he ran his canoe up on the yellow beach of the Garden Island, - Kauai, watered by the rivers that rise from its cloud-veiled middle peak, covered with forests of red lehua. Beyond Kauai lay the small green island of Niihau. The Islands of the Eight Seas, with their soft winds, their blue mountain peaks, and their 12 THE STORY OP HAWAII vdat valleys encirled by rainbo s filled 11HaWaiMoa with eltl lHe decided to make them his home, and returned for his wife, Hualalai, and his children. A seind im hecam ti to Hawaii. Before treading on the beah, he akegd permission of t1 g then the only inhabitt to remai t~g ~.x m ~.h..The fire gods obb ecteds * ciYt easbbut soon; li re leti n t~Is, but he~tains iH aoa Hemrm the W-zl3. Iwit the pig th duog and ae pag of fWls tiht he hd brouft up on vXut the for hi he anarL but~i~ ~t3-~ ~ l~ ~the shore Por food hen., o r found no anmafls, Hee he decided to mae his home near F it t th treeg sf biuildingj his house, he needled tools, but he found no ern or other metal for them, The THE ARRIVAL OF HAWA-LOA 13 best he could do as to chip a piece of hard i ava rock for ax of stone, and rub one end with anothe piece to mak a dull ede. With thi s he chopped, or rathr pecked at, the br ches of the red4eaved kane tree, unti at at he hd Grd 1ot cut log enugh fo posts and rafters Net, as he had fno nas, he needed somethi for tyig the log toether Hoe scrape the olona gras iand spun it by rubbing it on his thigh, and twisted and brided it and als coconut fibe for stro cord. He pulled up bunches of pill grass, and ~tha hd the sides and rof of his house, leaving a low1 door at one end nd Wind holes near the plac tor his sleingmas.M 14 TE STORY OF HAWAI The oor he oered wi ths bles. en finised, his hou stood as hi as hi head. From e leaves of the hala tree, he woe mats to seep on, and a covering for his wooden pllow. He found gourd bottles to hold his wat. Over a log of bro kou wood he toiled Stne Adzes with a e e, tt and hollowing a bea iful deep abash to hold his food. His main food omi, he made by m ig cooked taro roots a one punder For lits afe st, he bked ad elled kuki nts, and str the onb bamboosti and the midribs of cocout laes, hece the Haw word "kukul," to-da for a lantern or. As thy bued ow and stedily, he used themalso fori pie es. S eti he put kui nu oi into a hob. ~z.# *' *. - *; *.:..:: ". *. *. '' * *. * *. y.. * * *: '.. THE ARRI OF AWAHLOA 15 with fragrant maile l ees and mokihana b erris. 1lowavd in a su ta g of lied his ants Hw aiiba t r med of the mures anf or a de Ths 9 th oi himself musica- ins r- m ents: uskekd a tri a of wood or harmboo w hii wibt eratchd; a kioo a s ia gourd w it hi tee hole fon fr the nos andtwo 6 for the fingerd i nd two dru a t and a g *at one s *end with tehis Atw Me en WihsatNMMai nM~etn i 16 TE STOY OF HAWAII hildren scrahed the picet on rocs in Kona, Hawa i at Koa, ai and in a cve near Mak Point on Oahu, pictures H aii provide for Cen tres o i aters when othe r Hawai__ in a o one, a_ set S bt on tli ll ans caa fromd the So tth a d s a the the isea walls jino9ing this people had labored to build for fish ponds on Kanal and Molokai, near Honolulu, at Hilo, and elsewhere, they said: "A tiny, nimble people called Menehunes did this. They all wok together, laboring twice on,thesme thing, finishing lwhatvtr the do in a si le niht. No onecan se hasem, hut on still nits weh he their noise and the hum in of iher voices." Te work of the fist arrivals had been so We done that to y thi Haaas us e t fish pond hh they built. CHAPTER II THE TALES OF HAWAII-LOA HAWAII-LOA'S grandchildren enjoyed his tales. One day after helping their grandfather haul his last canoe load of glistening fish up the warm beach, they were resting in the shade of a bending hau tree, when the white-haired old fisherman began:"Never quiet, never falling, never sleeping, Very noisy is the sea of the sacred caves." His grandchildren leaned forward. They knew now he would go on chanting old meles, and tell them stories of Hawaii and its gods. KANE "From Kahiki at the edge of the sky," he said, "came four great gods: Kane, Kanaloa; Ku, and Lono. Lono was the best loved, Ku, the most cruel. Kanaloa, Kane's younger brother, it was who cut the land into islands with his sacred knife. Kane, the father of men and the world-maker, was the greatest of the gods." STORY OF HAWAII —2 17 18 THE STORY OF HAWAII With his dim eyes fixed on the tumbling waters, Hawaiiloa chanted: - "A question I ask of you: Where is the water of Kane?" As he paused, turning from one to the other, the grandchildren bent toward him eagerly, awaiting his own answer. "At the Eastern gate Where the sun comes in at Haehae; Out there with the floating sun, Where the cloud-forms rest on ocean's breast; Yonder on mountain peak, On the ridges steep, In the valleys deep, Where the rivers sweep; In the driving rain, In the heavenly bow, Up on high is the water of Kane, In the heavenly blue, In the black-piled cloud; Deep in the ground, in the gushing spring, A well-spring of water to quaff, A water of magic powerThe water of life! Life! 0 give us this life!" PELE Hawaii-loa paused for breath. "Shall I tell you about Pele, the fearful goddess of the volcano?" he asked. THE TALES OF HAWAII-LOA 19 "Yes," the listening children called out; "and tell us how she came to Hawaii!" "Pele lived first in Kahiki," the grandfather resumed; "but her brothers sent her away from there because she showed such disrespect to her parent. She pelted her mother earth with rocks and burned her with hot lava." After glancing around his audience to see the surprise and indignation in the faces of the children, Hawaii-loa chanted a mele: "From Kahiki came the woman Pele, From the land of Bola-Bola, From the red sloud of Kane, Cloud blazing in the heavens, Fiery cloud-pile in Kahiki. Eager desire for Hawaii seized the woman Pele. The lashings of the canoe are done. Who shall sit astern, be steersman, 0 princess? Pele of the yellow earth. The splash of the paddle dashes o'er the canoe; A flashing of lightning, 0 Pele! Blaze forth, 0 Pele!" A very ancient mele followed; about Pele's digging craters with an oo, a sharpened pole of hard wood. "There's a pit in Niihau Heated red by Pele. The thud of the oo is heard down in the ground. 20 THE STORY OF HAWAII Wakea asks ' What god's this a-diging?' It is I, it is Pele; I am digging a fire pit on Kauai "Therets a pit on Kauai Heated red by Pele. Thie thud of the oo is heard don in the gound. Wakea asks, ' Wht god'a this a-digging?' It is I, it is Pele. I am digging a fire pit on Oahu." As eu tin t thr Cni Motuawew In like mnnr th mee told how on e ch land in t Po1l miad v-lcanoes. It I I ll thu Th gBodds is t ate it 6agan1" THE TALES OF HAWAIILOA 21 The chidren waited to hear more about Pele. "After digging c raters on each island," continued Hawaiiloa, "Pel made her last aboe in the crter of Kilauea on tHaii. Here with Kamohoalii, the King-ofSteam-and-Vapor, with Kapohai Kahiula, the Explosionin-the-Palace-of-Life, with Keoahi Kama Kaua, Fire-Thrusting-Child6-of-War, and wth her family to the music of the roarings Pi land Pa, two tiny S prlsites kt m atiel ing shri in the crackling sparks P W he fires wer rMisng and Pa when th wee g d Pele spored in the rve and laed Kona e rolling balls that thundere&d. Som'etimes she left heater and went among onf Kar J Ach f Ka hw th champion sledrider on K /heng of a bautifil youn4 woman at Puna io ld marvous distane, brougt his h - lun or sle, from Kauai to race with her. On nte day set for the racing people from far and near gartherd on the hill wh the pili shad ben sr wn over the smooth treak for lid In the wd t he iu iieeans w A 0 r of go usand the ila d ers dekedl 22 THE STORY OF HAWAII in maile and Mleha wearing noisy anklti of dog' teeth that rated wt every sp. Before the young woman arrive d Kahawali and a frendl frought out their long shlinig sieds of dark kaoiA wood to pratice. They ad Ade tem of two n rrow, pointed runners eight en fee long fastened togothe two inches apart in front and wider b hind. I"As K a li placed his ed a few yards back of the ting place a wrinkld old hag, ed-ed and crookedbacked, limped up to him "' wish t slid too e whined. me your sl fi' THE TALES OF HAWAI-LOA 23 '"What does an old womoan lke you want of a sld?' Kahavali answered in surpriSe. 'You are nt my wfe that you shold have my hol.h' Out of pity, Kahawali' frienLd pushed his sled forwar. Th olx 6d Won and Kahaiwai sp th06te sle ds at aout Ithei middle with th'ir right andi s andM llnll fing to t* he start ing in1t;, threw thems evsG with all their might upl o thmi divinig head4oremst down the steep hill, and gfiding with lightning speed ove theD plain below. Kahailn i slid f.arth6it and won the race 24 THE STORY OF HAWAII "'A trick!' shrieked the old woman, her eyes growing redder. 'A poor sled! Give me yours!' "Again they tried it. Like arrows they shot off. Kahawali, ahead, happened to look back. On a river of liquid fire, not the old hag, but the terrible goddess Pele was racing down after him with thunder and lightning. None too soon his sled reached the bottom of the hill. With outstretched, burning arms Pele still pursued. She chased him to the beach, where, already scorched, he jumped into a canoe, and raised his spear for a sail barely in time to escape. From the shore, Pele threw great rocks after him. When they missed their aim, she stamped her foot on the ground in rage: thereupon a resounding earthquake rent the whole hill. Thus did Pele ravage this district with a lava eruption, winning for herself the name 'Pele, consumer of rocks."' MAUI Hawaii-loa forgot his audience as he rested. Suddenly his eyes twinkled and he slapped his knee with satisfaction: "You must hear the stories of Maui, the quick one. No one did more for Hawaii than he. His father was a god; his mother you can see in the moon. He could step from one island to another. When he bathed, his feet touched the bottom of the ocean, while his hair dripped with water, I *,, E %.. S. 1...... '.......... ~~~~~~~~~~~~*...................... <*..j...................~ ~.......lE........ i. -. i............................ S S::;r: u,,il u wiii 0l1z MSSSW11i Sii is 1|2~iii l,,,i,,,, Il"""""""'"i" ju 0 ju j; juj ujx0 0 0 0 i. ii,Hiiiiiiiiiiiiiii Iil,,,x-.u,.,-nlilgilgilggg_ i E i iiii '. i iiiii iiii Ij } j W 2 jr 1 u iii ii W iiiiiiiili ii X ii iiiiiiii......~~~~~~.....:'......... iumo. liu iiiiiiiiiii-i iWiioiuiiiii j.j...ii.....i....................... Hm..........................jjj iiiiiiiiii iiiiiiii i i '. i. i~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~iiiiiiii iiiiii~~~~~~~~~~~~~~iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii ii~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~iiiii ii ii ii iiiiiiii-ii iiiiiiiiiiiiiii i ii i i i~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~:p~ililui i iii iiiiiiiii ~iiiiiiii iiii i~ ~ i i,i ~ i i gi i p~ i ii. 1 iii.'i iiiii i ii' i iij.. j.jl j.. 'jjjj jj i 00000 00000l000000000000000000000........................."";.......................................m " "mu.....................................................~ ~n~ ~l I............................................................";"lnl~l~ii"'i'i"~l',i~s.............. R ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ '""""""""~""""....................llii::~ ~ ~ ~ i a38/J? jP~lE i" "'""."""""/:i,;~~Pi,~ ~iiiii~ ""~"""............................................... ~ ~ ~ ~ - ul~ir, l~W, I~~~::;: ~ ~i-i:::: ~~:I:i~~:...................ii.lli;;'l~'~~I~:I'ilAIllgiiii~ii~l l..............................~ ~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~g~~;1~~1~1~1811.........................................,;;I:illit;;;,;, 'u~ ~gIBB 1......................................m ~~ciil~ii~................""""""~"~";""......,~iiiisi~~ii................~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~i. M id s JAM, MOWNii~iil'"1""""""" i i THIE TALES OF H AII- LOA 25 from touching the clouds. Through his father, he had great strength. It was Maui who first lifted the sky off the land, giving it a last shove from [ i Kauiki Hill at Hana. When trying to pull the islands together with his magic hiook he broke ff Niihaul and Coconut Island. "At one time Mauin lived with Hina, his mother, ahove Kahakuloa Point on West Maui. When the early morning light glinted n the le ves of the mulberry grove, Hina was there, strpping the TA Makrs bhr in single pieces off the long brnhes. As she worked she prayMd to the kind goddess of tapa beat, who had changed he relf for their sakes into the first mbulerry tree She soked the bark that se had stripped until, with the sawlike edge of a shell, she could scp o the ouer cut. 26 THE STORY OF AWAI The white innerf bark she laid on a smooth log, and grasping a grooved mullet of the dar kauia wood, beat the strips together whie young girl brought water to keep tem wet. As Hina beat she tapped a messge to her friend below in the alley, r-a-ap-apap, - who answetd, Th o T of Heakala to dry. But Hina had no sooner stretched out the last pebe than the sun rushed down into the under world, and she had to ake her tap a in agl in "She Ws moaning ov the short days d her ok unfinished when Maui came.home. Vexed tat his mother hould be put to s muo ob he d the sun. It THE TALES OF HAWAII-LOA 27 rose toward Hana and went up over Haleakala. To make a strong cord he cut down all the coconut trees at Waihee for the fiber from their coconut husks. Carrying this sennit, he climbed ten thousand feet to the top of Haleakala, House-of-the-Sun. Here, far away, above the clouds, the honored makers of stone axes and adzes worked, chipping the hard rocks. Maui called to his grandmother, whom he found there: — "'I have come to kill the sun. He goes so fast that he never dries the tapa that Hina has beaten out.' "The old woman gave him a magic stone ax to battle with. Maui hid himself and waited. Soon the sun's first and longest glittering limb, seen at dawn when the sun goes with greatest speed, came up over the mountain side. Maui made a noose of his cord, caught this limb, and broke it off with his ax. He lassoed and broke off in turn all the sun's long legs. "'Thou art my captive, and now I will kill thee for going so fast ' he shouted. "'Let me live,' the sun pleaded, 'and thou shalt see me go more slowly hereafter. Behold, hast thou not broken off all my strong legs, and left me only weak ones?' "After Maui had made the day longer, he rescued Hina from the Moo, a large monster like the alligators that the Hawaiians had known in the far East. The Moo had 28 THE STORY OF itAWAI dmmeda up the Wailuku River near Hilo, until the water had flooded the cave back of Rainbow Falls, where Hina sat with her friends. With two strokes of his paddle, Mauil crossed the channel. He left his 1canoe at the mouth __ i n|of the Wailuku River, whereI it still tremains, a long rock called Kawaa-o-Mau. Higer up th tream lies the Moo, a black rock, drowned by Maul as it had intended to drown his mothi." W"e k oiw all these rock; we have often seen them!" inter rpted %Ibohw Mgll the Igrandchildren of Hawatiilo, not waiting for the end of the stor. The graI dfathr ised his tmblig hands f them to hush. "Ma I had long6 tried to obtain the secrt of firemaking for his people," he resume& "Onily the little blak aae, oud tis, huo lived in the dak rushes ova e the THE TALES OF HAWAIOA 29 swamp, could make it. He had aught a delicious whiff fom one of their cooked bananas once, and knew that it mt tast e better than his d own raw food. Whenever e s hit ndof He the hito th- f rn fished fire out n fo the ofsImokw ould cIrffl u hfm bac~k, one of. the alaeln woul d, "At lat Mai thft of nw f "'Take a l calash,' he said to his three bro th, 'dre it in tab nd t it in m l i s th caf, i while I 6onceal myself ht r in the r t2 Sf*1 ]C0 0r1i~a2 lg-rmr~t (ct ' 8~si~ "E *30 THE STO OF HAWAII "The curly-iled mud hen, watching fr the so, counted four figurs at sea in the canoe, and lit the fire "'Our dish is cooked,' she soon clled out hen she added, mockingly, 'Behold, Maui is a quick one!' "Maui had not b een quic enough to see hw she made the fre, but he cept closer now. Pushing the rushes aside, he jiuped sauddeniy fo r ard, and aeut th little mud hen by her long ye "f Let ee lig i and yo shall have fsire! qt ared tahe bhird, as he ar3 1SS!hbegn te ing her lender hladk eck, i Whr is the fire 13 RBoub the leaf stalk of tr with A hard K ' she sai d r a Vi lkuki v MA did tAS he was tl N "'Yo Are fooling me6!' he id; 'I won't let you go until you tell me the truth!' "IB teli i _ f f I* j1 to rub the wroingi things tTogether, f the courugeous little mud hen kept her Secret for a logk time. 'There is still one other thing to r Maui Wcld outat THE TALES OF HAWAII-LOA 31 last, exasperated. He rubbed the top of the poor bird's head until it was as red as it has been ever since. In this way he forced the mud hen to reveal the secret of fire-making. Then Maui took a stick of soft hau wood between his feet, and rubbed a smaller stick of hard wood on it rapidly in a groove. Smoke came. A red flame darted up. Maui caught it on a twisted piece of tapa. After this the Hawaiians made fires in imus, underground ovens lined with stones. When these imus were hot, they put in their food wrapped in ti leaves, they covered it with hot coals and earth and left it there to cook." HIKU AND KAWELU The sun had set, and the short twilight was passing into night. "This darkness," mused Hawaii-loa, "reminds me of a legend of the under world." His grandchildren crouched together a little closer, and watched him with eyes like stars. "Maui's mother guards the way to the invisible world of darkness. Hiku once made the perilous descent there. He had lived alone with his mother near the top of Hualalai until he was of age. Then for the first time she consented to his going down to see the people below. But she warned him not to stay too long. 32 THE STORY OF HAWAII "When Hiku drew near to the houses at the foot of the mountain, he shot his magic arrow, Pua-no, into the air, and followed it. Through the courtyard of a chief in Kona it whizzed. Hiku strode after it into the chief's house. Lo, not his arrow, but the Princess Kawelu, lovely as the twilight of the Kona evenings, greeted his eyes. 'Pua-no!' he called softly. 'No,' responded the quivering arrow, revealing the place where the princess had hidden it. She invited him to stay, for she found him pleasant to look upon. When recollection of his mother's words made him determine to start back, she shut him in a house, not knowing that he would escape by lifting off a piece of the thatched roof. "After Hiku had gone, the princess refused to be comforted, and pined away. Messengers brought Hiku to her side too late. Although he loved Kawelu now, and wept, her spirit had already flown to the under world. Resolving to go there and bring it back, he collected a great quantity of koali vine, and cut a coconut shell into two closely fitting parts. He sailed in a company of canoes to the point where the western sky comes down to meet the waters. Here into the dark regions of Milu his friends lowered him. As he entered the shadowy cavern where the spirits dwell, living on lizards and butterflies, they crowded about, curious to see his swing. Kawelu recognized him at once, and, darting up, swung with him on the koali vine. Suddenly Hiku's THE TALES OF HAWAII-LOA 33 friends began pulling him up. Kawelu, seeing the increasing distance below, would have flitted away like a butterfly, if Hiku had not quickly clapped her into the coconut shell. " He hurried to her house, and put her spirit into her body. Her heart beat. She began to breathe. Slowly she opened her eyes and gazed on Hiku. Then her lips moved. "'How could you be so cruel as to leave me?' she murmured faintly." Hawaii-loa stopped, and looked out to the sea, where the moonlight now formed a shining track. "Anaulu, a shower is coming," he exclaimed. "We had better go in." "Lono brought the rain from Kahiki," he continued, as they strode toward their huts. "He lived under the steep rock of Kealakekua. But he left in a triangular canoe for a foreign land. Some day he will come back across this ocean, for the Hawaiians loved him, and before he left, he said:"'I will return in after times on an island, Bearing swine, dogs, and coconut trees.' NOTE. -The meles quoted in this volume are from Emerson's "Unwritten Literature of Hawaii." STORY OF HAWAII —3 CHAPTER III LATER VOYAGES IT was the eleventh century. Since the time of Hawaiiloa, no new meles of great deeds had been sung in Hawaii for five hundred years. No outside voyagers had had the courage or the hardihood to seek such remote shores. But at length an awakening time came. Deep in a mountain forest of Tahaa, one of the Society Islands in the South Pacific, men with dusky forms stood silently beneath a giant crescent-leaved koa tree. Close to the trunk of the tree, with a stone ax in his upraised hand, bent a kahuna, or priest, chanting in a low voice. Before him in a row at the foot of the tree lay a black pig, some red fish, coconuts, and a gourd of awa drink. He was calling the eight canoe gods by name. Paao, a noted priest, whose son had been falsely accused of theft by his brother, had ordered a canoe made to sail to far-off Hawaii. "Listen now to the ax," the priest chanted; "this is the ax that is to fell the tree for the canoe." Any sound made during the chanting would mean death. Hark! a sweet bird note. The speckled little elepaio bird 34 LATER VOYAGES 35 with reddish brown breast had lighti don the giant tree. Only she was allowed to interrupt with her song as much as she pleased the long aha, or prayer, of the iest. She cme as the messenger of the canoe gods. The waiting people fixed their eyes on the plump little bird as_ with her tail poked up jauntily, she hopped among the green leavs, along a branch, examiningo the tree. Then she pecked the bark. In this y the wise little messenger of the canoe gods advised them to give up this tree Quicy the head priest tode to another, and the people followe Well they might, for she pecked only when searching out at the meles called, "The worm that e crwling, Eats to the very ribs." r the priest had nvoked the eight gods ai the other men, who were priests also, with hard blow helped cut do the tree The woods rang to ther dull acks. Wih lonly a s anex to work it, to fell the tee w d 36 THE STORY OF HAWAII have taken a man alone many days. The koa giant began to crack. They lowered their voices. With a thud it lay upon the ground. The head priest called to the gods in loud tones:"Grant a canoe that shall be as swift as a fish! To sail in stormy seas When the storm tosses on all sides!" He wreathed the top with ieie vine, where he cut it. He tapered each end, and chanted a long prayer, beginning: - "Give me the tree's main root, 0 Lono! Give me the ear of the tree, O Lono! Hearken by night, and hear by day, Come for the tree and take it to the seaside." The multitude dragged the tree down through the forest, while he followed behind, to the beach. Here the canoe was shaped, and painted black with pressed burnt kukui nuts and torch cinders mixed with oil. All that was lacking to finish it was to bind the cross pieces and top rails with coconut fiber. According to the mele, Paao ordered a tabu for a month: no fire must be lighted; no person must walk out, or work; no sound must be made; chickens must be put under calabashes; dogs must be muzzled to be kept quiet. At the end of the month they finished binding and lashing the canoe. As it lay on the beach, it was larger than our LATER VOYAGES 37 canoes. It had sides planked up, and sewn with sennit. Probably it compared well in size with Columbus's ships that crossed the Atlantic a century later. Paao stood near the canoe beside the priest, who called to - "Lono of the blue sea, The white sea, the rough sea, The sea with swamping breakers;" and the other gods added: - "Look you after this canoe. Guard it from stem to stern." As no sound had been made during his prayer, a good voyage was assured. Paao launched his canoe. He rigged it with a mast and a three-cornered sail of braided lauhala with the point down, and laid in supplies for a long voyage, bringing on board his feathered idol, the war god Kukailimoku, Ku-to-take-the-islands. He carried a navigator to decide the course, a sailing master, and a trumpeter, besides stewards. Paao with his sister and their party sat on a raised platform in the middle under a roof of mats. The forty paddlers took their seats, two on a bench. Paao raised his arms to heaven and prayed for success in venturing to find new lands. The canoe passed round a bluff and struck out to sea. When Paao's canoe, far out, showed only a speck on the horizon, a wizard stood on the bluff, and called, "Take me, too!" His voice reached Paao, faintly, like the tremblings of a spider's web. 4 38 THE STORY OF HAWAII "The canoe is full," Paao shouted back. "The only place left is the point at the stern." "I'll take it," called the wizard. "Jump aboard then!" called Paao. With one leap the wizard caught hold of the end of the canoe, and seated himself. In the meantime Paao's brother behind, learning that Paao had cleared the land, began incantations to overcome him. He let loose all the winds of heaven, even the fierce south kona wind. He shut Paao in black rain clouds. But Paao, undaunted, having prepared for terrible storms, put up deck mats fore and aft to keep out the waves. His aumakuas, family guardians, the aku and opelu fish, followed the canoe to defeat enchantments. When the wind stirred up the sea to swamp the canoe, the aku would frisk, and the opelu come together, in a way that calmed down the ocean. So the canoe sailed safely onward. Paao guided his canoe by the stars. Like the other Pacific seamen, from a child he had known the different constellations. He knew the rising and the setting of the stars at all times of the year. The planets he called "Wandering stars." The Pleiades cluster of fixed stars was his chief guide. In directing his course, he noted the flight of birds, and the signs of approaching land. Near the coast of the island of Hawaii he met "the tides LATER VOYAGES 39 that wash the lauhala groves of Puna," celebrated in Hawaiian meles as the district of dark blue mountain tops and sweet-scented precipices. Here Paao landed. He decided to live in Kohala and build there a heiau, or temple, in honor of his idol Kukailimoku; and thus Paao became a Hawaiian. To this day the ruins of his heiau of Mookini are standing. The tradition is that to build its walls fifteen thousand men passed the stones from hand to hand from Niulii, nine miles away. When the walls were done, for twelve days men with white flags marched in front of a procession, around the island. Silence must be kept. Any fowl or animal not quiet the priests would offer in sacrifice. Paao and the chiefs remained in the temple for hours praying together with arms upraised. Paao acted as the high priest of Hawaii, one next to the king in rank, owning lands and exerting great influence. He offered human sacrifices, and went into the high tower covered with white tapa to receive special messages from the gods. But Hawaii was in need of a king. Its highest chief, owing to his crimes, had been deposed. The last of an ancient family, he sought refuge on Maui, where his bones rest in Iao Valley, a royal burying ground of great honor. Separate kings ruled over. the different islands at this period. The chiefs, supposed to be descended from the gods, had 40 THE STORY OF HAWAII larger forms and better minds than the common people. They owned everything, and had all power. On this largest island of the group, the chiefs had married with the common people, who owned nothing and had no rights. Paao therefore thought none of them worthy to hold the position of king. Hence he undertook to cross again the great sea to Kahiki, twenty-three hundred miles away, to find there a new king for the island of Hawaii. At the southern -point of Hawaii, called Kalai, "the Way," he raised his mat sail in "the light that glanced on men and canoes," and shortly disappeared in the floating clouds over the dim horizon on his long voyage to the "Pillars of Kahiki." For two hundred years after, Hawaiian mariners pushed out eagerly to the islands to the far south, anxious to travel to "the walls of heaven." It was a time of bold expeditions with stirring adventures. Pacific explorers reached even the icy regions of the Antarctic. Kamapukai, " Child-who-climbsthe-waves," brought back word to Hawaii that he had found in Kahiki, Waiolaloa, Water-of-long-life. Many went there to bathe in it. Kaulu, Sea-slug, brought back the first bread-fruit tree, which he planted at Kualoa on Oahu, a city of refuge so sacred that in passing it all sails were lowered. One seafarer brought back the large drum made of a piece of hollowed coconut trunk. A Molokai voyager brought back a calabash, preserved to this day, from which I Ii~i A.". ilL.0 T~~~~~~~1n a big MAW4AW1 so CZ Ele~~ iip,, HH4M44 _ _ Cr~~~~i~~ctn....... iiE 4 IO A A Nulu hfot 494 r~~~~ -— T.OII I C 0~~~ 4AN; H M AMVACF ~7 11 4444444 Ejj>4~~~~~ 444 ~~~~~44 H44444444 ~ ~ c110~ ~~i~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ 4*w 444 44m44 "i~~~~~3114944444 ~': "~'~~ ~'~" -~'~ I~rr 4~l~"; 4N" -- ~ ~~- 444444C444 PA1E ~~~IC? ~~~4 0 EANICA 4 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~q~t~l 4 4 4 4 1 144 4 W i~g 44 HB i I LATER VOY AGES 41 he sent the winds with whatv r fore i and in wh er direction he ose None of the oya es, however, did as much for Hawaii as Pao, ho went for a king. 14.. "' "' 'J '' fi. ',:,,. DruA s ade i CoOf u Wod As his canoe floated near the beac of TAiti, the wizard with him chanted this invitation to the chid osen by aato be king of Hawii: I"e e arei h caoe s. 6cm on. boctrd Coene 0along, and dwell in tawaiiwidhtgre enibak, A laud ha aa found i the ocean, 42 THE STORY OF HAWAII That rose up amidst the waves, 'Midst the swamping breakers of Kanaloa, A white coral left dry in the ocean, That was caught by the hook of the fisherman. The canoes touch the shore; come on board, Sail away and possess the island, Hawaii." Paao brought Pili back with him for king of Hawaii. And thus the strangers came to rule. He introduced the staffs tied with balls of black and white tapa as a sign of tabu, now in the Hawaiian coat of arms. During this time, as high priest, he made stricter tabus. It was tabu for women to eat with men, to enter the men's eating house, to eat food that had touched the men's calabashes. Their food had to be cooked separately. Turtle, pork,' bananas, coconuts, - all the best things to eat were tabu to women. During the four monthly tabus, canoes were tabu to them; work ceased. The penalty for any broken tabu was death. Ever after, Paao's aumakuas, the aku and opelu that had helped him, were sacred in Hawaii. Paao tabued them by turns for six months at a time. The opelu he tabued from January until July. In July the head fisherman, dressed in white, paddled out to sea, with a net in his canoe. The next day the opelu was free, and the aku, tabu. In this wise way Paao conserved the fish. After the time of Paao the Hawaiians held no intercourse LATER VOYAGES 43 with the outside world for five hundred years. The meles give the names of seventy-four kings between Pili and Kamehameha the Great, who was descended from him. The idol of Paao's god Kukailimoku, Ku-to-take-the-islands, went before Kamehameha in all his conquering wars. Near the mountains at Pololu in Kohala is a spot of beautiful verdure, a field once cultivated by Paao. In such veneration was he held that after his death, no animal was allowed to graze there, nor man to cultivate it for hundreds of years. Kamehameha's high priest, the last high priest on the islands, Hewahewa, who gave up idolatry, and with a lighted torch set fire to his own heathen temple, was the direct descendant of this ancient high priest Paao. CHAPTER IV THE STORY OF UMI Tm most frnamous Hawaiian name of early times is that of Umi. As long ago as the year 500, the hoy Umi lived bly with his mother at Hamakua She was a large, finelking woman, but he was of royal desenft, haying one of the best preserved genealogies on 4f awaii Alone in her 1o cloth, a, ylow Ici of An bivr clasp 0the royal color, and a countless fine braids of hair hunfg with a wle's tooth ornament, worn by chies. For a long time she ha kf -pt al th ese hidden om Ui, but now he as old nou to know th ^ s i_ az Ie ret4. ~~~~~~~~11-%~~ ~"~~f l~~~~;} A~ _B~~ Oi~t1jt j-~~~3 Mxl~tt 1~blV IkL + X~& ut~~~ al~~~c atiP THE STORY OF UMI 45 She looked out proudly to watch him with a group of boys playing pahee, the favorite game of the district. As he stooped to throw the long, heavy dart, aiming between certain marks, she noted how broad and strong his back was, and as he straightened up again, how he towered above the other boys. He was now sixteen and almost a man grown. None of his companions had cast so skillfully as he. They next tried bowling. On ground that looked level, Umi drove his white maika stone a hundred rods, far beyond the other stones. He good-naturedly hooked fingers with the boys in trials of strength. No one could brace against his pushing. Then Umi's mother called. As he ran to her, he remembered his idle oo left stuck in the taro patch, where he was not fond of working. His mother held in her hands the malo and the lei and the necklace. Umi saw them now for the first time. She told him that his father, the renowned King Liloa of Hawaii, had left them with her to give him to wear when he should be old enough to journey to the royal court. She said the time had come for him to go. "Present yourself to King Liloa, your father, at Waipio," she urged him; "tell him that you are his son and show him as proof of it these presents which he left with me for you. Go down into Waipio Valley, and, when you have reached the foot of the pali, swim to the other side of the stream. 46 THE STORY OF HAWAII You will see a house facing you. That is the royal dwelling of Liloa. Do not enter the gate, but climb over the fence; nor must you enter the house in the usual way, but through the king's private door. If you see an old man with some one waving a kahili over him, that is your father, Liloa. Go up to him and sit down in his lap. When he asks who you are, tell him your name is Umi." To stand in the shadow outside of the king's inclosure, or to pass it wearing a lei, meant death. This Umi and his mother well knew. Even to remain standing at mention of the king's name in song, or when his attendants passed with only his food, his drinking water, or his tapa clothing merited death; much more to leap the fence of his inclosure, go through his private door, and enter his presence without his express permission, and then without crawling on hands and knees. Umi's mother asked his comrade, Omaokamau, to go with him. Umi put on the malo, the lei, and the ivory ornament. As they were setting out they met a little boy, Piimaiwaa, whom Umi loved. When Piimaiwaa asked, "Whither are you going?" Umi answered, " To Waipio. Come along and be my aikane (very intimate friend), and live with me there." So these three, who ever after remained comrades, journeyed together. At last they reached the verge of Waipio, the largest of Hawaiian valleys, celebrated in meles from earliest times as TTHE STOR OF UMI 47 the dence of the kings of H ii. Lofty and stee cliffs formid either side of the valey. At the head beautiful waterfalls tumbled. Blow them stretched one vast green garden of taro, bananas, and su cane brightened by culty they climbed down ihe sie, the haunt of the white tropic bird and the big ruffld owl. Reaching the foot of the pali, they swam across the stream. On the oer sid they w Liloa's ace. "Tarry here," Um said, "and wait for me. I will go for me. I will go in t Liloa. If in my going I amkilled you must retur the w we came; but if I come back alive to yu, we all all live." With the yellow fther ei upon hishead he boldlya d nced to the stcad of coconut brnef arud th re ed in o~Rap;e By t-'l~o 8-~a~a — gi Sade bj~-B -411~~9~~t afB ~~l~~~~l~~lt* g +t.1C~Pa t~~~ts it~ TI~F *gI; 1111s~ 48 THE STORY OF HAWAII sure. He leaped the coconut fence into the tabu yard. As he touched the ground, on all sides loud cries of "Death! death!" beat upon his ears. The king's attendants, heralds, runners, bards, men to lomilomi, and others gave chase to him. Umi ran to the king's house on a raised embankment of stones. He rushed in by the king's private door. The king, wrapped in his royal cloak of yellow feathers, lay on his sleeping mats, a watcher waving a tall yellow kahili, or feathered staff, over him. Umi ran and leaped upon Liloa. Waking in surprise, Liloa threw him to the ground. "Who is it?" he called, for he recognized the red malo, the yellow lei, and the ivory ornament. "It is Umi, thy son," Umi answered fearlessly. Overjoyed, the king embraced Umi, and sent for his two comrades. He ordered the drums t,be beaten in honor of Umi, while he took him to the heiau to publicly acknowledge his newly found son. After this Umi lived at the court of Liloa. He gave the strictest obedience to his father's commands, and became a favorite with every one except his envious half brother Hakau. The sound of the drums and rejoicing had not pleased Hakau. He was the king's eldest son, and jealous of a rival. Hakau disliked Umi all the more because, when exercising with long spears, Umi's party always came off victorious, making Hakau's retreat in confusion. THE STORY OF UMI 49 Before Liloa died, he called his two sons to him, and made Hakau king, and Umi next him in rank with the charge of his god. "You are the ruler of Hawaii," he said to Hakau, "and Umi is your man." No one ever spoke any good of cruel Hakau. He turned away the old and faithful followers of his father and gave their places to bad men. He showed no mercy in his demands on the chiefs and the people. Foolishly vain, he wished to be the handsomest man on Hawaii. If he saw any one who was unusually good-looking, he had his face frightfully tattooed. Umi he always abused. At last Umi decided to leave quietly, with his two companions, and go elsewhere. They took the same path in leaving that they had taken in coming. After climbing out of the valley, they found a boy named Koi. Umi felt drawn to him, and asked him to come and live with him as his aikane. In Hamakua they did not visit with Umi's mother. The four wandered still farther on, around the Hilo district to Laupahoehoe. Here they agreed among themselves to keep Umi's name secret. The people received them kindly. The four boys helped them in their planting, their fishing, and their bird catching. Umi, older grown, delighted in using his strength to some real purpose. He worked hard now in the taro STORY OF HAWAII-4 50 THE STORY OF HAWAII patches. The fields that he cultivated at Laupahoehoe are pointed out to this day. Although the disappearance of Umi was the talk of all Hawaii, these people did not suspect who he really was. Nevertheless, though he worked with them, and raced at surf-riding with the young men, yet at sight of his handsome, stately form, they often fell prostrate as they would before a chief. A priest of Laupahoehoe noticed how often rainbows stood on the cliff over his house. "Perhaps this is Umi," he said to himself, "for the sign of the chief is over his dwelling." When he discovered that this was indeed Hakau's brother, the priest took Umi and Omaokamau, Piimaiwaa, and Koi to live with him. Thereupon all the people of the neighborhood said: - "Lo, then, this man is a chief and his name is Umi, the son of Liloa. He is that one of whom we heard some time ago that he was lost.' Aided by the priest, who had great influence, Umi began gathering men from the villages, planning to overthrow the tyrant Hakau. The priest trained them in the art of warfare. The three aikanes practiced so diligently that they became their chief's greatest warriors, especially Piimaiwaa, whose left arm was as strong as his right. Rumor of Umi's plot reached Waipio. Two old men, THE STORY OF UMI 51 formerly honored counselors of King Liloa, whom Hakau had dismissed, sent to the king, saying that they were hungry and wished food. "Go tell those two old men," Hakau said to their messen: ger, "that they shall have neither poi nor fish nor awa." The two old counselors at first sighed over their hard lot. Liloa had never refused them so. "We have heard," then they said, "of the foster son of the priest of Laupahoehoe, of his great strength, his courage, his generosity. Let us go at once to Laupahoehoe and say to the priest that two old men desire to see this youth." After a welcome had been promised them, they set forth. On arriving at the priest's house, they found only a young man asleep on a mat. They entered and seated themselves, leaning against the wall of lauhala. "At last," said they, "our bones are going to revive." They roused the young man:"We are two old men of Waipio come to see the foster son of this house." The youth prepared and set before them a feast of a roasted pig, fish, and awa. After the repast they, had a refreshing sleep. "Here in our old age," they said to each other on waking, "we begin to have a taste of comfort." Without, in the slanting sun of the late afternoon, the 52 THE STORY OF HAWAII priest was returning at the head of a long procession. After the priest had greeted his old friends, he sat with them while the procession passed by in single file. The visitors scanned it earnestly. "Where is Umi? Is he that good-looking man there?" again and again they would ask, pointing. Each time the priest would shake his head. "If your foster son," they said, "were as vigorous as the young fellow who has entertained us, we should live again." The procession kept on passing until it was too dark to see the skin of one's hand. Still the priest had not pointed out Umi. "Are we going to see your ward before dark?" the old men exclaimed. "You have already seen Umi," the priest then told them; "he.it was who served you so well." That night the priest questioned his visitors upon the chances of war. The old men said that the procession of Umi's forces, though large, was too small to combat successfully with Hakau, who commanded the whole island. They planned together a stratagem. When the two old men returned to Waipio, they went at once to Hakau's court. After they had obtained Hakau's permission to crawl into his presence, they saw his hard eyes turn on them suspiciously. THE STORY OF UMI 53 "Have you seen Umi?" he inquired. They told him boldly that they had. Then they advised him in order to secure the favor of his god to send bird catchers into the mountains to get fresh feathers to cover the idol, as its covering was worn and neglected. He reminded the counselors that this was done only before war. They told him that Umi was collecting men to overthrow him. Hakau at once sent out heralds to give the call for all his men and retainers to prepare to go on an expedition to the mountains to obtain the rare feathers needed to cover his idol. On the day of a festival to Kane, "The men who climb the mountains Reaching up the bird-catching pole on lehua," came with their poles sticky with gum, ready for the prayer and offering to the gods before starting. And they prayed: "Spirits of Darkness primeval, To me give divine power. Give great success. Climb to the wooded mountains, To the mountain ridges Gather all the birds, Bring them to my gum to be held fast; Amen! the way is open." The day of the festival to Kane was the very day agreed upon between the old men and Umi for the attack on Hakau. 54 THE STORY OF HAWAII The last of H tufs bird catchers, wearing their short mountiaitn cloaks of ti leaves, had disappeared in the ery morEnibng. As the Snw j shaows of res carying bundles on sig," fell ross the a-sten side of Wapio alley. When the t first of h ie As ~e ~oe on neached ththe river, o lll 1 0 0 1 vff~the last as still on the top of the dciff Jakaustin alo6ne in his house with the two old 6ncnselors. "Isn't to-day tahu?"t hesaid. " I see people going Hamakun are comnHaw'iia_~ w~ Clubs "They ar bringing W _ F~~~~~~~~~~c~~t," "rg glj } ^ T 4h g ff JX~~~~~lufJ~~~~~ XtUJ8?1 dG1g-g r~ H1~~~~ X6X1XS~Y~t ~~~ 3i * 3E *gfLiB)I ~~tB * hkti8 THE STORY OF UMI 55 were Umi, the priest, and Umi's three friends, but they said: - "These must be the landlords under you." "I wonder where I first saw that man in front of the procession," Hakau mused. The procession of men came on, and surrounded Hakau. They drew forth stones that they had hidden in their bundles of ti leaves, and cast them with all their might at the king, until he lay dead, his cruel eyes closed under the heaped up stones. The sticks upon which they had carried the missiles they drove into the ground about the rocky tomb, to encircle what remained an unmourned grave. When the people returned from the mountains with their store of feathers, they rejoiced at the death of Hakau, and hailed Umi with open hearts. The priest who had befriended him, Umi rewarded with the highest office in the land, that of keeper of his war god, whom he had cherished and worshiped faithfully. The high priest immediately assumed his office, and turning to the new king and his men, cried out:"0 King, hearken unto me! I am standing in your presence And in the presence of your people. You have triumphed over poverty, And you are this day the great king of Hawaii, With men living under you. 56 THE STORY OF HAWAII If you will rule wisely, Then you will rule forever. But if you should behave like your older brother, Then you will be despised. To refuse to take heed is death, To take heed is life." At the close of this chant, the high priest said to Umi, "Arise." Umi stood up. The high priest called to Omaokamau, eight fathoms away, "Arise." While the two were standing, he gave Omaokamau a spear used only for tests, and said to him: "Now, Omaokamau, use all your strength and throw this spear at the king's heart." The high priest was well aware that Omaokamau had great strength and was a famous spearsman. At the order Omaokamau poised the spear, and then cast it unerringly. Umi warded it off, and, while the spear still sang in its flight, snatched it by the handle, and held it. "0 King, you have done well," the high priest, much pleased, said in praise of Umi. "You have profited by my teaching. I will vouch that you will hold your kingdom. Your kingdom will never be taken from your hands. As you warded off the spear so successfully, so shall you ward off trouble from your kingdom, and you will reign undisturbed until death overtakes you in old age. So shall your THE STORY OF UMI 57 kingdom fall to your son, your grandson, your offspring until the very last of your blood." In time Umi redivided the land. Kau, he gave to Omaokamau; Hamakua, to Piimaiwaa; Kohala, to Koi. These three faithful friends and constant companions lived with him at the court. To his high priest he gave Hilo. The two old men he commanded to run as fast as they could without stopping in opposite directions, and called the place where each fell groaning the boundary of their land. Early in his reign Umi made a tour of Hawaii, during which all the great chiefs gave him glad homage. When he desired to choose a queen from Hawaii, however, the high priest counseled Umi to take a wife from some other land. He said a marriage with Piikea, the princess of Maui, would assure a lasting peace with that island. After the king and all the chiefs had agreed to this proposal, they sent Omaokamau to Maui to sue for the hand of the princess Piikea. When the people of Hana, where the Maui king then held court, saw Omaokamau's canoe coming, they ran back and forth on the beach in excitement, for they thought this canoe was th, forerunner of a coming war. "I have come only on a journey of sightseeing," said Omaokamau, to reassure them. He hastened to the king and princess. They gladly 58 THE STORY OF HAWAII consented to Umi's offer of marriage, and set a time for the princess to embark. On the evening of the same day that Omaokamau left Hana, he reached Hawaii, and ran his canoe up on the Waipio beach. He reported at once to Umi. "What does she look like?" questioned Umi. "She is very beautiful," Omaokamau replied. "She is only a young girl, but her face is lovely to look upon. We have no woman in Hawaii to compare with her." This made Umi so happy that he longed for the day of her arrival. In the meantime he ordered preparations for the wedding. Twenty days later Umi descried a large company of canoes in the channel. By the red on one canoe, he knew that this was the royal company from Maui bringing the princess. Umi watched and waited. As they came nearer he made out his bride coming, escorted as became her high rank by four hundred canoes. The rowers in Piikea's double canoe wore red tapa. She herself, bedecked with a dazzling feather mantle, with rare feather leis on her head, sat upon the middle platform, over which yellow feather cloaks gleamed. Above her stood the tabu sticks. On either side attendants held tall and stately red kahilis. In the canoes surrounding hers the musicians played on their instruments, and sang meles in her honor. As the canoe THE STORY OF UMI 59 of the princess touched the beach, in front of it glowed a brilliant rainbow. When she landed, the rainbow rested out at sea, standing like a huge feather helmet. Omaokamau and Piimaiwaa hastened to the shore, and, carrying her to the land, conducted her with great ceremony to the house where Umi stood to receive her, robed in the royal feather helmet and a trailing yellow feather cloak. That evening, amid great rejoicing, the people from far and near celebrated the wedding with music and dancing. Umi and Piikea loved each other truly, and lived always in peace and happiness. One day Piikea was surprised to see her younger brother from Maui standing before her. He brought word that their father was dead, and their elder brother had ill-treated him. This elder brother was said to be the strongest man from Hawaii to Niihau. Piikea begged Umi to deliver her younger brother from this persecutor, and to make him king. Perhaps her wishes were Umi's laws; perhaps Umi remembered the hard time he had had with Hakau. He decided to prepare an expedition to invade Maui, and ordered Omaokamau, Piimaiwaa, and Koi to have a fleet of canoes hewn out and ready to sail in ten days. Messengers of war ran three hundred miles around Hawaii in eight days. They blew terrifying blasts on their conch shells, summoning all the chiefs and fighting men to battle. The din of the famous war trumpet Kiha-pu, the people said, 60 THE STORY OF HAWAII was heard tien miles, from Waipo to Waimen. It was a huge conch shell brought from Tahaa and overlaid with strings of teeth of conquered chief Whenever it was blown, their cries were heard in the blasts. Any cowar remaininr g behind after the war call had his ears slit, and wa brought to camp with a rope tied around hils body. Wto Cit~g on ai id Taking his br t warriors Umi hims ef with his wi and her young brother, headed the exeldtionf known as the ilig ofi he n. m r.of Th landed at il..,~j2.g lls l ~tal rtt| ~ u~~ 1 1 Ek~iZt~ f~~~iF ~~j It&~i |laae _B _~~Ib~~~isaaa~~~ a~Iz~a~ THE STORY OF UMI 61 Hana, where the Maui king had set up a gigantic idol holding a war club over the fort on Kauwiki Hill. He had left this fort in the command of a Hana chief, and gone himself to Waihee. Umi sent Omaokamau first to take the fort. When Omaokamau failed, he sent Koi. When Koi did not succeed, he sent Piimaiwaa. Piimaiwaa was the most noted soldier of Hawaii. It was said of him that he never failed to go up and meet his enemy. Piimaiwaa caught the sling stones in his hands, and hurled them back. After daring feats, he captured the fort and destroyed the idol. "Many fed the eye of the spear that day." But when the fort was taken, the commander escaped. Piimaiwaa went in pursuit and overcame him on the eastern slope of Haleakala. From Hana, Umi's army marched to Waihee. Here they fought a victorious battle in which the Maui king was slain. The generous Umi at once proclaimed Piikea's younger brother king of Maui, and returned with his army to Hawaii. A paved road through the districts of Hana, Koolau, and Hamakua, on East Maui, made by Piikea's younger brother, is still to be seen. On Umi's return to Hawaii, he moved his court from Waipio to Kona, near the rich fishing grounds off its smooth coast. Here on a plateau between Hualalai and Maunaloa, where the different districts gathered with their tribute, seven piles of stones still stand, representing the six dis 62 THE STORY OF HAWAII tricts and Umi's court. He often made tours through his domains, making peace between chiefs, and encouraging industry and public work. He built heiaus, known by their hewn stones, found near Kailua. In South Kona, across an impassable field above the forest, he made a paved road, which is still good. As he grew old and the time of his death approached, Umi was much troubled concerning what would become of his bones. To have one's bones used by enemies for fishhooks or for arrows to kill mice was considered the height of disgrace. It was said of a wicked king of Maui that his bones could not be hidden, and rattled in the sun. Umi called his old friend Koi to him one day, and said that there was no possible way of hiding his bones unless Koi would go to another island, as though in disgrace, after Umi had taken back his lands, and on hearing of his death, would return secretly and take Umi's body away. Koi bade his dearly loved chief and aikane a last farewell, and left for Molokai. On hearing of Umi's death, he sailed back to Hawaii. He entered the palace when the guards were asleep. Leaving the body of a man resembling Umi in his place, he disappeared. Some say he hid the royal remains in the pali of Kahulaana, others say in a cave of Waipio at the top of the pali over which falls the cascade of Hiilawe. CHAPTER V EARLY SPANISH ARRIVALS "Bursting forth is the voice of the thunder; Striking are the bolts of lightning: Approaching is the dark cloud. "Wildly comes the rain and the wind; Whirlwinds sweep over the earth. Rolling down are the rocks of the ravines. The red mountain streams are rushing to the sea. "Oh, the roaring surf of angry fury, The strong current, the roaring current, whirl away!" IN the reign of Umi's eldest son, while this kona, or southwesterly storm, raged as thus described in old meles, natives at Keeli descried the broken spars of a vessel rising and falling beyond the reef. An unknown craft was drifting toward the pounding breakers. Anxiously the natives watched it approach the white barrier of danger. They strained their eyes to make out who were on board in such peril. All at once the Hawaiians cried out in wonder! They had caught sight of some passengers huddled under an awning at the stern. Strange beings were coming. Their dress was extraordinary! Their skins were 63 64 THE STORY OF HAWAII white! The vessel rose on a wall of water. For a moment those on the beach had a glimpse of a large man with a sword at his side and a queer white ruff around his neck. He was bending over to shield a woman. The next Instant the vessel was hurled on the rocks with a crash. Above the din of the storm rose a great cry, the cry of drowning people. Only two of the voyagers escaped the indrawing whirl of waters. These two buffeted vigorously with the breakers. At last, ocean-drenched and exhausted, they reached land. The tall white captain had saved his sister. For a long time the two knelt on the beach together in prayer. Hence the natives, watching these fair-skinned, strangely clothed people, called the place Kulou, to kneel. This captain and his sister were the first white people on these islands. The islanders led the forlorn castaways to their grass houses, and entertained them with the kind hospitality of Hawaii. They asked the foreigners if they knew the food set before them. Afterward the natives showed them breadfruit, ohias, and bananas. The strangers exclaimed with delight, pointing to the mountains as the place whence this fruit came. "The rain that knocks at the house" had ceased, and the wind had fallen. The sound of the ocean below came but faintly. The evening calm of earth joined the calm of the sea., As the white strangers learned to talk with the Hawaiians, EARLY SPANISH ARRIVALS 65 they told them of the outside world from which they had come, and about their voyage. They said their people, the Spanish, were the only white people that sailed the Pacific. The Catholic Pope had given this vast ocean with all its islands to Spain. One of their nation had first discovered it. Recently, on this side of the Pacific, the Spaniard Cortez had conquered Mexico, a land stored with gold. To protect the Spice Islands in the west Pacific, Cortez had fitted out their little squadron of three ships. The largest, the Florida carrying fifty men; the San Iago, forty-five; the Espirito Santo, fifteen. Cortez had given them thirty cannon. With Alvaro de Saavedra in command, they had voyaged westward together before the storm had overtaken them. One ship had sunk in mid-ocean. After that the gale had separated them from the flag ship Florida, forcing their craft to scud before it to Hawaii. The dark-eyed, fair-skinned strangers had little hope of ever seeing their far-away homes again. The Florida might have escaped, they said. In returning to Mexico, though, she would not be likely to touch at Hawaii. As the days passed, nothing tilted across the skyline but the brown mat sails of the Hawaiian canoes. The sturdy Spanish captain and his sister watched for white ones. At last they knew that they must grow old here in the midPacific, on the shores of these unknown islands. STORY OF HAWAII-5 66 THE STORY OF HAWAII The nativ treatd these strangers with favor. The ptain mrried into a family of high rank. One of the noblest characters among later Hawaiian chiefs traced his desent back to him. Their own people they never saw again, nor did they ever larzn the fate of the Florid. Maing the best of their lot, they lived their lives ot coageously. After they had passed away so great was the reg they p h had cr thed e aiian made a lfrve stone image of the captain chiseling his braid of hair and the rruff nd his neek Thiv was the Spafish mode of dress in the time of Corte. The near Honolulu. It stood for a image of the ptahiStl (eptaife long time At Kahuku n1c1h, and is now in the erlin museum A white ast of it, hwver has been placed in the Bishop museum. Thirty years after the shipwrek at Kei in 155 Jn tGaetano a Spisgh piloti who had crssed the Pacifi many times, saw five of thse i Pbbly he w t a Ther exist however, no definite H11 iianih traditionr alout it. The recd of his discovery i i nin an aci the Spanis archiv s. Ga eao called Hawi I dLa M the EARLY SPANISH ARRIVALS 67 table; Maui, La Desgraciada, the unfortunate; the three smaller islands, Molokai, Lanai, and Kahoolawe, Los Mojes, The Monks. The Spanish kept their discovery secret. In 1743, when English mariners sailed the Pacific and contested for their rights there, they found a copy of this chart. It was in the cabin of a Spanish galleon which they captured near the Philippines. On this chart Hawaii was placed in the right latitude, but ten degrees of longitude too far east. Hawaii, besides being incorrectly placed on the Spanish chart, lay out of the track of Spanish merchant ships then plying between Mexico and Manila. In going to Manila they took a southerly course, and in returning a northerly course to catch the westerly winds. They sang the Te Deum, a hymn of praise, for perils past on reaching floating seaweed off North America, and turned south again. Not till two hundred years after the Spanish captain and his sister had ended their days on the far-away islands, was the Hawaiian tradition of the white castaways connected with the commander's report of the lost vessel and their fate known. Spanish fortune seekers had passed too far south and too far north to touch at Hawaii. CHAPTER VI 1THE DISCOVERY IV COOK A cen e on K Fr a bdrawlvny V prm ( ook's atist Two hundred yea had passed, and even the traditions ahout the S panih castaways were almost fogtte when at eay dawn on Kauai some one looking out over Waimea Bay, cailed -- "Moving islands! Moving islands! The light hines on moving islands" "Tahah! Mai Wikiwiki! --- Come! Quick!" the natives houted to ach o ther urr ing from the sl pi g mats. nw.~~~~~~~C TIE DISCOVERY BY COOK 69 Infants wailed, and dogs yelped, as the astonished people trampled them under foot in their rush to the shore. Warriors ran past tottering old men and old women with wizened faces, nodding to long-drawn-out ejaculations of "auwe-e!" The stately queen, the mother of Kaumualii, attended by kahili bearers, came with the dignified chiefs in their bright feather helmets and capes. They too cried out with wonder at the sight. "What is this thing with branches?" some cried. "It is a forest which has slid down into the sea," others shouted back. "Perhaps these are heiaus," a few called, the tall masts with branches reminding them of the towers in their sacred inclosures. The harbor resounded with noise. So great was the gabble and the confusion, the queen and the chiefs became alarmed. They ordered two men to go out in a canoe with the high priest to examine these marvelous things, and bring back a report. When the canoemen drew near the large white forms, they saw attached on the outside more iron than they had ever dreamed of. The only iron on the islands, besides a little that had drifted ashore in fragments of wood, had been a hoop and two pieces of the blade of a sword which tradition said foreigners had left. After repeating long 70 THE STORY OF HAWAII prayers, the three men ventured to climb up. Before them stood a god with white forehead and sparkling eyes. Down they fell on their faces. Lono had come back! Full of wonder, they received the gifts he gave them. Great was the rejoicing when the three returned laden with abundance of iron. "Truly this is Lono, with his heiau carried by the ocean current!" the chiefs now assented. On hearing about the iron, one chief ran for his canoe excitedly. "I will go and take plunder," he called; "for to plunder is my business." The saying held that what was above, below the sea, on the mountains, and the iron that drifted ashore, belonged to the chief. This warrior believed therefore that he had a right to the iron on the moving islands. He paddled out to carry it away. Climbing up, he began seizing pieces of iron and heaving them down into his boat. But Lona was greater than he, and spoke with thunder and fire. Death came. His terrified followers, seeing him fall, leaped into their canoes and fled to the shore with all the speed they could command. On hearing about the death of this warrior, the queen mother summoned a grave council of chiefs at her large grass house to decide what they had better do. Some THE DISCOVERY BY COOK 71 proposed seizing the moving islands and running them ashore to get the iron. "Let us not fight against our god," the queen mother urged "let us please him vorable to us." tproposed that t hey should gi presents to Lono and the newcomers. They decidedto send them tapa, vegetables, and pigs, the largest and most valuable animals then on the islands. That afternoon, when the strange god started in a boat a i for the shore, the beac nr the mouth of the Waimea Rver was covered with a vast mltitude of na s. Not a place Was ipty. The ~ apl; 20gS ~~"Xt89rgb t~ " ind~~ _dj.{~j',j. ~~;"-0' 02-'' 72 THE STORY OF HAWAII moment Lon 1eaped Lon the sand, the islander lay flat on the ground, until by making signs he prevailed upon ther to rse. They brght offeings wth a, nd wshiped O *ffe i ngtPres i to Iln him. Iono gave the natives pr sents. To the wonfi he ave pieces of glass that irror their faces in a marvelous way! HeretOfor their only looking glasses had been smooth ircular disks of d stone from the uplids of Manna Kea that they used unde wate. The natives helped the strangers fill their casks with fresh water and roll them to th boa ag n1~~~~ ef na 3Lves-f preS1.~ enl~$"~c~~)f sX x~I~II~G o e wo e ~;tave p&imieCP~ "klf~( Bldl~EU 't"h t mBIrorH PifTthejr kffateS ln ra mv e10usra~:~i~l ME, Mg~ii~ ~~ fthim Il~ IFEW~~~~~~~~~~~~~a 1S~;o "RON dmrmmlmimt~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~,, a-xugmeldl~;,~~p.rI El ~ ~ ~ ~ ~.Vn,, g ME,,,i,;............................... ~:.r;~~:I-:;C"~;,:_ ~ l:iR,,k:;~i:~: ~:::;I: ~ ~ r a,:;~; 6:, r r :I:::_::_:'::: -: ~::::::: 1::: ~:::::~: ~::::::::::. ::~; ~: I-::,_~~-;. —i- ~:; -:;::-_ I a:y~* b~-~::::_~::;; ~: ~:~i';" ~_( 9:-~;:lb , e:" B ^:::)~-. THE DISCOVERY BY COOK 73 Eagerly the inhabitants gathered from all parts of the island to trade for iron. Besides vegetables, yam roots, bananas, salt, and pigs, they used the skins of the red iwipolena bird to barter for the invaluable metal. Even the choicest treasures they had, the elegant helmets and cloaks made of the rarest of yellow feathers, the chiefs brought forth. At first they refused to exchange these helmets and cloaks for anything but muskets. Finally they parted with them for large nails, which they twisted into fish hooks. Two days later, when towering breakers dashed on the shore during a kona storm, the moving islands slipped out to sea. They hovered off Niihau two weeks, and then sailed away, leaving melon, onion, and pumpkin seeds, and an English breed of pigs, and three goats. War, however, broke out between two chiefs over the goats, during which the goats were killed. The Kauai chiefs dispatched messengers to Oahu and Maui to carry accounts of their visitors. "The men are white," they reported; "their skin is loose and folding. Fire and smoke issue from their mouths. They have openings in the sides of their bodies into which they thrust their hands, and draw out iron, beads, nails, and other treasures. Their speech is unintelligible. This is the way they speak: 'A hikapalale, hikapalae, hioluai, oala:, walawalaki, pohat ~~!:i... i "1rI 74 THE STORY OF HAWAII As a choice gift, a Kauai chief sent the king of Oahu a piece of canvas that he had obtained from Lono. So exceedingly rare was cloth that the queen wore it in a procession, where it attracted great notice. When the high priest of Oahu heard of the arrival of these white people, he foretold the future. "These people are foreigners from Melemele, Uliuli, and from Keokeo," he said; "they will surely come and dwell in the land." At the end of the year, Captain Cook came back to lay in provisions, for he it was who had visited Kauai, on the floating islands. Since his first visit, he had been north as far as Alaska, where the ice fields had blocked his way. The Earl of Sandwich had sent Cook out from England in 1776 with a large exploring party. He commanded two armed ships, the Discovery, of three hundred tons, and the Resolution, manned by a crew of ninety-four. He had already been around the world twice when he discovered these islands, which he called the Sandwich Islands, in honor of his patron. This discovery, he wrote, seemed to him in many ways to be the most important that Europeans had made throughout the whole Pacific. On his return, Cook touched first at Maui, where Kalaniopuu, the aged king of Hawaii, was fighting Kahekili, the king of Maui. When the "islands," with the strangers came into sight, the Maui people wel THE DISCOVEV BY COOK 75 comned Cook as Lono, a geat spirit, wth wonderful beings from another world, arriving from across the sea. Kamehameha, Kalaniopuu's nephew, who had retarned from his first bae, came on board of one of the ships. Cook rote that the.oa~at~!11~, lls".^.. young chid looked brave mand rsolute. hie a ahin- 1 vited Kamehw aehi to.o remain a while. As the ships stood ut to sea for the night a et waling cae efro a the shore. Soon those on boar saw sdmenhig white approa h' ing on the waves m mehahw e x recognized king Kala tiop ol s, t-h est saiin doublI c h noe e ca padld bye piked oarsmen. Kalanouu thinkng LuAu Ai was carrying his favorite y, had sent his bavest canoemen in pursut of the ships on the oeain, to bring Kamehamieha back Kamehameha however, ex paitned to them that their fears were grounless, dan l that he wished to remain with the white c4ptafin over nigt. The paddls tie from fighting the waves, were gld also to remain on board until morning, while their canoe was tow n ~~ c-t~ --- —si~~~si~~~~ — b~b~~C ~$~ ~~ik~jy~jy~~a;~ b*~~~yy HS~~~ ~\-.X~l~~r ~jl~ 76) THE STORY OF HAWAII After tacking against the wind for several weeks, Cook entered the harbor of Kealakekua, the Way-of-the-gods. Black lava outlined the coast, above which, on the right hand, a steep precipice overhung a village of three hundred grass houses, grouped, like haystacks, close to a coconut grove. As the ships dropped anchor midway in the harbor, fifteen thousand people crowded the bay in their canoes, shouting and tossing their arms to express their joy. The beach, the rocks, the tops of houses, the branches of trees, rang with the voices of the men, the women, and the children who covered them, shouting and screaming their astonishment and delight. Pigs squealing in the boats added to the tumultuous clamor. The natives, having heard from the men on Maui that these ships were hovering about the islands, had prepared to meet them with supplies and give them a friendly welcome. They climbed upon the decks, the sides, and the rigging of the vessels until so many on one side of the Discovery at once made her heel considerably. Thereupon a tall, dignified chief gave an order. Instantly the people cleared the ships. After this a wizened little old priest with red eyes came forward, and worshiped Cook, making him a long prayer, and presenting him with an offering. That afternoon Cook and two of his officers landed with the little old priest. A young priest, carrying a tabu stick, went before Cook, and cleared the way through the vast THE DISCOVERY BY COOK 77 crowd by calling loudly that Lono was coming, and all must fall'down at sight of him. The multitude fell prostrate with their faces to the ground and their arms extended forward. Even those on the housetops and the rims of the adjacent hills hid their faces until he had passed. The priest led Cook toward the heiau of Lono at Napoopoo. Cook walked rapidly, and as soon as he had gone by, those behind him were up again, in their haste trampling on the prostrate forms of those in front, who did not rise quickly enough to be out of the way. To avoid this inconvenience, at length the whole multitude of ten thousand people were running on all fours. But they fell back in fear as Cook approached the sacred inclosure of the heiau. This stretched beside a circle of coconut trees on the margin of a pond of water. A thick arbor of low, spreading hau trees grew beneath the walls of the heiau by the entrance, above which stood hideous idols. They had distorted faces and long pieces of carved wood upon their heads, while their bodies were wrapped in red tapa. A tall young priest with a long beard presented Cook to these idols. He covered Cook also with red tapa, and took him up into the sacred white tapa-covered tower, twenty feet high. Here the priests sacrificed to Cook, and gave him divine honors, the chiefs at certain intervals calling out in stentorian voices a kind of "amen." When Cook returned, the same young priest with a tabu 78 THE STORY F HAWAII stick stood up in the boa. The natives ceased paddling, and fell on their faces until Cook's boat had passed. This young priest attended Cook wherever he went. Cook armrangd to have a sttion ashore at one side of the heiau where his astronomers set up two telescopes to take observations. The natives, having heard what terrible things guns could do, ere at irst apprehensive of danger from these telcopes that stood in an elevated position. A week later, Kalaniopuu, the king, returned from Maui At about noon, he set out in ste to the ships. Three large and beautiful double canoes, sixty and seventy carried his comarrayed in their and helmets. In the second c*ae the little bent old priest and his brother priest, with gigantic idols on red tpa. The SWZX~~~~~~r~ C;EV~ tU3- 1F tY } ~aa~~e fs~l~~~~ ~g k~~~~~@ait~~~t~~~~a~~~if eadt IrI1~ 1asr~u ~X$~~~l~3 M _1AA1:]..1........ 11*1i j. 1 j * X~~ THE DISCOVERY BY COOK 79 idols, of wickerwork covered with red feathers, stared from startling eyes of large pearl oyster shells, with black kukui nuts in the center, and grinned with two rows of shark's teeth. The third canoe held pigs and vegetables as offerings. While they paddled, the priests in the center canoe chanted hymns. When the king met Cook, he took the elegant yellow feather cloak that he himself wore and gracefully threw it over Cook's shoulders, and placed his helmet on Cook's head. He also spread six exceedingly beautiful cloaks of great value at his feet. The king's attendants brought sugar cane, coconuts, breadfruit, and four large pigs. Kalaniopuu exchanged names with Cook. This, throughout the islands of the Pacific; was considered the strongest pledge of friendship. The priests came in procession, and performed religious ceremonies. In return for the king's gifts, Cook presented him with a linen shirt and a cutlass. During this visit, the bay was tabu: no boats, save the king's, left the shore; the people stayed in their houses or lay flat on the ground. That afternoon the king entertained the ship's company with boxing and wrestling matches, held on a course kept smooth and clean for games, that was skirted with trees in the center of the village. As soon as it was dark the next evening, Cook, in return, landed on the beach, where preparations had been made for a promised exhibition of fireworks. The natives in their 80 THE STORY OF HAWAII canoes filled the bay. Some of them had been waiting since morning to see the new sight. Some who had grown tired and begun to lose faith were inclined to jeer. When everything was ready and the people were as quiet as night, Cook ordered a sky rocket set off. With a loud report it shot up like magic. The aged Kalaniopuu and the chiefesses sitting near him had to be held in their places. The host of people fled! Some of them took to the water. The majority in their alarm hurried to the hills. As soon as the rocket had disappeared, however, the king's fright was over. He rose and called after the rearmost of his subjects to return, and then sent for the rest. "Lono commands the thunder and the lightning!" the amazed people cried out in wonder. To supply Lono and his men bountifully with provisions, the chiefs taxed the common people to the uttermost. The natives thought Lono's company must have come from a land where food was scarce. When the sailors grew fat after two weeks of their providing, the islanders, fearing a famine, hinted that it was time for their visitors to go, saying that they had better come again at the next breadfruit season. The burial ashore of one of the sailors strained the faith of the natives in these gods. When Cook offered their old priest two iron hatchets in exchange for the fence around his heiau at Napoopoo, for firewood, the aged priest THE DIJSCOV(i Y BY COOK 81 refused the hatchets three times indignantly. Filled wih resntment, the natives witnessd the rude strangers tearing AL u At the command of the chiefs, ne rthe less, tey brought an immense farewellf preent for Lone, one that surpasd all the others -. tapa and food enouh to last his ompay for six months. With little regret the atiday of depariure arrive. One of the white men, it is tr they had grown to, - STORY Ol HAWA i - 82 THE STORY OF HAWAII Lieutenant King, who had had command of the party on shore. He had shown the natives nothing but kindness. A young officer by the name of Vancouver, then aboard Cook's ship, they would learn to know and honor later. They believed Lieutenant King to be Lono's son, and crowded around him on the beach, begging him to stay, and lamenting for him only. A few days later the Hawaiians saw the ships coming back. All was quiet. Not a boat went out to meet them. Not a native bid the crew welcome. The priests helped the sailors mend the broken foremast, which had caused their return, but they expressed no pleasure at seeing them again. One afternoon some natives who had gone out to the ships in a canoe diverted the attention of the guards, while one of their companions went on board, and boldly snatched a pair of tongs and a chisel. Mounting the gangway rail thereafter, he threw himself and his booty with one leap into the canoe; then taking up his paddle, he joined the others in a race to the shore. Too late musket shots rang out from the ships. The marines followed in boats, but the natives had landed ahead of them, and fled inland. The marines gave chase; a long and useless chase it was, for as often as they asked the way of the people they passed, the natives pointed in the wrong direction to mislead them. The head THE DISCOVERYY BY COOK 83 chief, who had been aboard at the time, promised to restore the stolen articles. When the marines, however, tried to carry off his canoe, the same used by the thieves, he objected. With a blow on the head, they knocked him down. Seeing their chief fall, the natives gathered around him in a fierce crowd. They pelted the marines with stones, until, as the marines were unarmed, they forced them to retreat and swim off to a rock some distance from the shore. The riot lasted until the chief, recovering, stopped it. True to his promise, he procured the tongs and the chisel, and had them restored. The next night the natives stole again, this time a large cutter, which they broke up for the iron in it. Cook decided to entrap the old king, and keep him prisoner until the cutter was returned. He put a blockade on the bay, and stationed armed boats from the Discovery at equal distances across the entrance of the harbor to prevent any communication with other parts of the island. He then went ashore in his pinnace with six private marines, a corporal, a sergeant, and two lieutenants, followed by a launch and one large cutter with other marines and a smaller cutter with only the crew on board. Cook landed at nine o'clock in the morning, and went to Kalaniopuu's house by a roundabout route not to excite suspicion. Excepting the queen and a few high chiefesses, the women and the children had all gone to the 84 THE STORY OF HAWAII hills. A strange quiet prevailed everywhere; only occasionally did the English captain see any men. Before Cook had talked with Kalaniopuu ten minutes, Hawaiians had come forth from their hiding places - three or four thousand of them —and were standing near their king. As the trembling old man advanced down the beach, shots blazed on the water. Two chiefs in a canoe, robed in royal feather cloaks and carrying spears, knowing nothing of the blockade, had tried to enter the harbor. The shots from the boats had killed one of them. Kekuhaupio, the chief who escaped, seeing the king about to step into Cook's pinnace, called out, "0 Divine One! The sea is not right! Return to the house!" The queen, who heard the warning, ran from her house and threw her arms around the old king to hold him back, entreating him with tears not to go. A warrior chief, with spear in hand, rushed at Cook, saying Cook had killed his brother, and he would have revenge. Cook fired at him with birdshot to intimidate him, but the warrior, holding up his mat, and finding that the shot did not go through, rushed at Cook again. This time Cook fired a ball and killed him. Instead of retiring after the shot, the intrepid islanders with shouts broke in upon the soldiers. The marines, waiting in the boats for Cook, began firing. In the battle that followed shots answered spear thrusts. Cook turned and THE DISCOVERY BY COOK 85 waved his hat to the marines to pull ashore. At this moment another warrior, carrying one of the daggers that Cook had bartered with the Hawaiians, came up behind him. "I do not believe he is a god," he muttered. " I will prick him with my dagger. If he cries out, I shall know he is not." Cook gave a great cry and fell. The warrior had killed him. "He groaned," the natives exclaimed; "he is not a god." The lieutenant who had been with Cook, being a good swordsman, killed the chief who had stabbed his captain. Although attacked by all the native forces, he defended himself until they were awed by his achievements. At last, wounded and faint from loss of blood, he plunged into the water and swam to the boats. Besides Cook, the English had lost a corporal and three marines. The ships at once bombarded the shore, killing seventeen natives, whereupon many of the islanders fled to the hills. Later on, Lieutenant King and the lieutenant who had fought beside Cook went ashore again with three armed boats. The natives began to shower stones at them with their slings until Lieutenant King, leaving the others behind, went on in a small boat alone with a white flag.in his hand. A cry of joy came from the natives. They sat down on the beach, extending their arms, and inviting King to come 86 THE STORY OF HAWAII ashore. He demanded the bodies of the English dead, but waited an hour for them in vain. At about eight o'clock, the people on the Resolution heard, through the darkness, a canoe paddling toward them. The sentinels on deck fired into it. Two persons in the canoe immediately shouted, "Tinnee; Tinnee!" their name for Lieutenant King, and said they were friends. As soon as they came on board, they fell at Lieutenant King's feet, frightened. They were two friendly priests. One of them was the young man who had always gone before Cook with the tabu stick. The other carried under his arm something wrapped in tapa. After lamenting with tears the loss of Lono, they presented the bundle, which contained part of Cook's body. The king and the priests had taken Cook's body to the top of the precipice over the bay, where after having the bones separated from the flesh, they had honored them as those of the god Lono. "When will Lono come again?" they asked with great earnestness; "and what will he do to us on his return?" The next day two boys with spears swam out to the ships, and sang, in the water, a long lament about Lono; then, leaving their spears on the ships, they swam ashore. Lieutenant King sent word that the vessels would not leave until the natives had given him Cook's bones. Angered at the delay, the marines cruelly fired more shot ashore, THE DISCOVERY BY COOK 87 and set the whole village of Napoopoo on fire. Smoke rose from more than a thousand burning houses, while loud wailin sounded from the beach over the bodies of the dead At last the king ppeared in a fether mantle, leading a procession. They crried a part of Cook's bones that the priests had wrapped Cook's bones were be borne around tha aa island every year. They rest now probably in a secret cave The ki3ng spke1 wth 0reat sorrow f the death of Lono Hlie watched the Englishmen bury Cook's remains in the in ~ ~ fj$f