-ADDRESS
IN BEHALF OF TIlE
Society for the Promotion of Collegiate and Theological
Educationt at the West.
DELIVERED AT ITS TENTIHI ANNIVERSARY,
IN WTORCESTERP, M[ASSACHIIUSETTS, OCTOBER 26TII, 1853.
BY
REV. JOSEPH I'd- TUTTLE,
OF ROCKAWAY, N.J.
-NEW-YORK:
JOHN F. TROW, PRINTER, 49 ANN STREET.
,   1854.
AN
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A D D R E S S.
MR. PRESIDENT,
In rising to address this Soeiety, I am embarrassed
by recalling the distinguished names of those who have oeeu  pied this position in former years. Of this there is but one
ground of complaint, and that is, the almost complete exhaus  tion of the materials for an occasion like this.  The enthusiasm
of your Corresponding Secretary in spreading before us those
enlarged views of our "Great WVest," which thrill every atten. tive reader, has been caught by the men whom, from time to
time, you have invited, to press those views on. the convictions
not merely of your Society but of the American Church.
When the idea of such a Society as this was first suggested,
I was a student at Lane Seminary, having gone there as a gra duate of Marietta College.  I wvas present as a spectator dur ing the sittings of that great convention of Western ministers
in Cincinnati, which commenced June 9th, 1842.  In some re spects, it was one of the most important meetings, if not the
most important ever held west of the Alleghanies.  It was a
critical period with the Calvinistic Churches at the West, when
the few laborers, stat-heartecl and trusting as they were, stag
gered under the responsibilities of a work whose magnitude
was appalling and constantly increasing.  They saw the flood
of souls rolling in, as if the ocean itself had broken its bounds,
and was spreading its tides of undclying life over the vast areas
of that goodly land.'They well knew that flood could be
).?, 
4
arrested only by the hand that sent it, nor could they pray for
such an event. The pioneers of our churches were there from
the western slope of the Alleghanies, from the shores of Erie
and Michigan lakes, from the banks of the Ohio, the Wabash,
the Illinois, the Kentucky, the Mississippi, and the Missourifrom hill and prairie, to tell the common story of a great harvest, white for the reaper, with only here and there a sickle
gathering in the precious sheaves. But what could they do
-a few hundred laborers-in reaping a field like that which
reached fromn the lakes to the mouth of the Ohio, from Independence on the Missouri to Marietta on the Ohio? To me
-it seemed a convention of heart-heavy men-to each of whom
one might have said as King Artaxerxes did to Nehemiah,
"Why is thy countenance sad, seeing thou art not sick?
This is nothing else but sorrow of heart." And it was nothing
else but sorrow of heart, for they could have said, "Thou
hast brought a vine out of Egypt: thou hast cast out the
heathen and planted it. Thou preparedst room before it, and
didst cause it to take deep root, and it filled the land. The
hills were covered with the shadow of it, and the boughs thereof
were like the goodly cedars. She sent out her boughs unto
the sea and her branches unto the river. Why hast thou
broken down her hedges, so that all they which pass by the
way do pluck her? The boar out of the wood doth waste,
and the wild beast of the field doth devour it." As one
looked on their anxious faces, and heard their tearful prayers, and was thrilled with their earnest tale of desolation,
the fact itself making the eloquence of their appeals for help,
the wondering spectator might have thought within himself,
surely each of these men can use the language of Jeremiah,
"IHis word was in my heart as a burning fire shut up in my
bones, and I was weary with forbearing and I could not stay."
With, perhaps, the single exception of the irrepressible pleasantries of Dr. Cox, the meeting was as sombre as death.
I give you merely my impressions. It may have struck
others differently, but it stems hardly possible that such a body
of practical and zealous Christians could have felt otherwise.
One delegate stated that his Presbytery, with twelve ministers, 
5
covered nine large counties; another one, that his Presbytery,
with ten ministers, covered nine counties; another still, that
his Presbytery, with four ministers, extended over twelve
counties of land rich as the valley of the Nile. Some stated
that you might travel hundreds of miles, and yet only at vast
intervals find an Evangelical church; and others, that ten,
fifteen, and even thirty counties of glorious territory rapidly
filling up, had not a single Evangelical church of any kind or
description.  All agreed that population was rushing in lilke
tides in high latitudes, whilst the Evangelical ministry was
increasing by additions almost imperceptible.
- Among the topics discussed at large, were education for
the ministry, lIonme Missions, Western Colleges and Theological Seminaries, relation between Presbyterianism and Congregationalism, and the necessity of a day of fasting, humiliation and prayer, for the outpouring of God's spirit on the
churches.
I allude to these things as it were to lead you back to the
very rock which was smitten with thle rod of prayer, and
forthwith gushed out a stream of water so pure, refreshing,
and abundant, that it has made glad the city of our God.
Here was the very place which was honored in starting a
train of causes resulting in two of the grandest charities ever
presented to the American Church, the providing an adequate ministry, and church extension. Tile originators of
both these schemes were members of that convention.
In 1843, it was my good fortune to be present at a,meetimg of the Faculty of ATarietta College, when your Corresponding Secretary was also present, and among other things
he read a notable letter from my venerated theological instructor, Dr. Baeccher,-(sct magnos honores ei tribui norn posse)
and that letter left a deep impression on my  mind.  In
another place I sliall tale the liberty of repeating a single
paragraph. I was well acquainted with the condition of that
college. I knew the officers and the trustees, and in my
estimation, never was there a more devoted and earnest body
of men associated to accomplish a worthy aim.  They had
prayerfully laid the foundations of that college on the Word 
6
of God, for the glory of Cirist in furnishing a living, pious
and learned ministry for the West.  It was a choice spot, a
very "Hill of Zion."  Standing on the site of that college
building,, in one direction you could see the Beautiful River
winding along its path of silver through one of the loveliest
valleys in the world. In another direction you could detect
the clear water of the Muskingum breaking through the hills
which rose on either side.  Down yonder, scarce a rifle-shot
distant, is the very spot on which those noble colonists, under
Gen. Rufus Putnam, left their clumsy boat, called by its
builders "'the Adventure Galley," but better named by its
-crew, the Mayflower, honored in carrying a freight in kind
like that which consecrated the other Mayflower, a holy
name for the good of all generations. Up yonder on the
fine "second bottom" which slopes down to the Muskinguin,
is the site of the rude stockade fort, in vwhichl these men were
obliged to find a refuge from the heathen around them, whom
God afterwards cast out before them. There is the very spot
on which the Rev. William Birck, "a New-England man,"
preached the first sermon to white men north of the Ohio.
It was on  "Sunday, the 20th of July, 1788," and his text
was a worthy initiation of gospel preaching in the infaint
empire; " Now therefore, if ye will obey my voice indeed,
and keep my covenant, then ye shall be a peculiar treasure
unto me above all people; for all the earth is mine, and ye
shall be unto me a kingdom of priests and a holy nation."
(Exod,ts xix., 5, 6.)  In another direction you see the venera
ble church, erected on a spot set apart for evangelical worship
of the Triune God.  And then, too, you see mounds and fortifications of some race which has passed away, not leaving even
a dim tradition to tell who they were, whence they came,
and whither they havegone.
This town of ~Iarietta, I repeat it, is a choice spot; and
here it was that good men planted a college, not to realize
fortunes by it, but to furnish gospel ministers to the Great
West.  But at the time o  the convention of westerni ministers at Cincinnati, in 1842, thle enterprise was passing through
a most fiery ordeal. I Its founders had borne heavy burdens 
7
until "every shoulder was peeled."  They were in debt, and
every step in advance was increasing the burden. There
were young men who longed for an education, but their
purses, collapsed into the emptiness of poverty, were poor
paymasters for an enterprise so costly. And yet shall they
be sent back to the plough and workshop when the demand
for ministers was so urgent? And here too was a faculty
of professors, fully accomplished in their separate departments, admired by the community, venerated by their pupils,
and constantly invited to lucrative posts in other places, and
yet content to stay by the college, as a parent by a darling
child, although their salaries at best were small, and not very
promptly paid at that.   Shall that faculty be disbanded,
those young men sent home, and those consecrated halls be
oosed?  Would God that some of our rich Christians with
their dangerous plethora of money, might have been there to
have had these tremendous questions rolled on their consciences by the Great Head of the Church! They could not
have "passed by on the other side."
I never think of that faculty but with most profound
admiration for their steady sacrifice of themselves on the
altar of Christian letters for the glory of Christ. And even
they could not have done what they did, had not the trustees
of the college been men of faith. Young, thriving, energetic,
business men, they had been filled with a heavenly ardor for
the Saviour of sinners, by whose grace they had been "born
again" a short time previous to the founding of the college,
as if to carry that very enterprise on their shoulders; they
were troubled on every side, yet not distressed; perplexed,
hut not in despair; cast down, but not destroyed.   They
never wavered for a moment, whilst making almost superhu man efforts to place the institution they loved so dearly above
the fear of the'" hungry ruin " that stared them in the face.
Mr. President, you may think me warm in my enthusiasm,
but you will pardon a son-for expatiating somewhat zealously
on the virtues of the mother that bore him.  I love my alma
mater, and she always shall be cherished in an honored place
in my heart's affedtions.  When I think of that dark almost 
8
desperate period, from 1842 to 1845, when it would not have
been a surprising event, if at any moment Marietta College
had dashed on the rocks, I recall the names of her Faculty
and her Board of Trustees with an irrepressible and loving
admiration.
But let me not be understood to ignore the worth and the
trials of the other colleges, at Hudson, Crawfordsville, and
Jacksonville.  I speak of Marietta, because I was an eye-witness to the difficulties there encountered; but could some eyewitnesses from each of these colleges here testify, they would
declare to you that I have not exaggerated the difficulties
which frowned on these institutions, and the self-sacrificing
devotion with which their friends met these difficulties.
It was at this period of darkness that might be felt, that
the voice of Providence almost articulate, was heard saying,
"Fear ye not, stancd still and see the salvation of the Lord."
And yet in one of those blessed paradoxes, which so beautifully blend the human instrumentality with the Divine efficiency, the same voice was heard, saying, "Wherefore criest
thou unto mne? Speakl unto them that they goforward."  And
it was on this wise. " In the month of June, 1842, a Convention of Western Churches was held at Cincinnati, and at that
Convention the critical condition of institutions of learning at
the West, came under consideration.  The idea afterward
occurred to a member of this Convention, of uniting under
one head the several agencies of those institutions, which
had been operating upon the eastern field. It was subsequently ascertained that a similar idea had occurred to an
eastern agent as well as to a distinguished pastor of an easteni
church.  In the providence of God, these minds were brought
together, and through a period of six months the subject was
discussed in private circles from the Atlantic to the Mississippi,
(Per. Doe. West. Coll. Soclety.)
It was during this period of discussion that Dr. Beecher
wrote the letter to  which allusion has already been made.
In that letter, after describing various mneetings which had
been held to prepare the way for the organization of this
Society, and some forrmidable obstacles which had been over
f, 
9
come, the Doctor says: "There can be no doubt the cause is
popular. Bacon, of New Hlaven, and others, said at the close
of the New-York meeting, this is the most important thing
we have done, the best link hi the chain of moral causes, the
most powerful citadel of defence against foreign aggression
and internal dissensions-a new era, when the importance of
evangelical colleges shall be appreciated, not only by men of
literary and far-reaching minds, but by tihe whole church of
God as a primary object of her prayers and charities. Is it
not the Lord's doings? The rising of a new sun on the
bosom of a dark cloud passing away?"
Such were the harbingers which heralded in the organiza tion of this society, and the deep interest which circumstances
gave this event in my mind will be my apology for dwelling
on it at such length.
Mr. President, what I intended to condense in a para graph, has unconsciously grown into a speech, and yet I have
not touched some thoughts which seem to me to be in point
on such an occasion as this.
With more trepidation than vanity, we may say we belong to a great nation, with an extraordinary destiny of some
sort in prospect. Our institutions, if we except the local one
of involuntary bondage, are the very opposite of the monstrous feudalism of the old world. Hlere, in a most important
sense, a man is a man. iHe can purchase and hold the soil.
Every avenue to the highest preferments is open to him.
The serf of the old world becomes the citizen of the new, and
it is no wonder that when this broad land, from the Atlantic
to the Pacific, a right imperial domain, was thrown open with
the most generous hospitality to the oppressed of the world,
they moved hither as by a common impulse. Our resources
are of the amplest dimensions and of the most numerous varieties. We have aknost every sort of minerals in abundance,
from the magnetic ores of New Jersey to the gold dust of
California. We have pviries and plains, a vast expanse,
well nigh sufficient to bread the world. The amazing resources of the West have only begun their development.
Such a land is probably not to be named on our globe. Our 
10
progress has been like the works of nature here, astonishingly
great. From the unprotected helplessness of Jamestown and
Plymouth Rock, we have g(rown to twenty-five millions of
souls, and from a few weak colonies, scarce able to repel the
attacks of savages, we arc become thirty-one sovereign commonwealths and four territories, each possessed of immense
means for the arts and enjoyments of peace or the necessities
of war.   And these are associated in one central government
of such might, tlhat the empires of the old world holds us in
no small fear.
Our nation is great in its enterprise. The ingenuity of
our mechanics has passed into a proverb.  Our locomotives
are not unknown in England, and they drag the imperial car
from St. Petersburgh to Moscow. Our genius is at work in
every cotton-gin in the East Indies and Africa. Our agricuiltural implements at the World's Fair in London excited
universal admiration. In fact, it would seem as if our countrymen can make anything, from a wooden clock to the
simplest, speediest, and surest printing press. As to commerce, we are the peer of Great Britain, and our sailors have
no superiors, their consummate skill and boldness eliciting
common applause, whether exhibited in a yacht race or in
battling with icebergs in the north seas. At home our energy
is the supplement of that abroad. We dam our creeks and
rivers, and as by magic towns and cities start up in the wilderness, and the hum of machinery is heard, where but a little
while ago the wolf howled.  We dig, down or through mountains, fill up the valleys, hang the slight but strong bridge over
the yawning abysses, for those iron roads which bind all
parts of this country together.
But this is a trifle in comparison with our growth as a
nation, especially at the West.   Only sixty-six years have
passed away since Putnam landed at Marietta, and now Ohio
is the third State in point of power. Judge Burnet, who has
just died, found Cincinnati a cluister of huts in 1796, and now
it has in and about not less than 150,000 souls. Cleveland,
Zanesville, Dayton, Columbus, Louisville, Indianapolis, Madison, Alton, Chicago, St'. Louis, Iowa City, Milwaukie, James 
11
town, Detroit, Saginaw, St. Pauls, and hundreds of smaller
towns have grown up as in a night. Scarcely has one State
been admitted into the Union, ere another is at the door. How
they have gathered force, with the speed of a descendingavalanche! A few days more and Minnesota and Nebraska
will be imitating the sovereignty of Iowa and Wisconsin. The
wave rushes on unchecked. The wild man and the buffalo
are vanishing, and soon the locomotive will be uttering its
scream of triumph as it whirls its way across the Rocky
Mountains. The field on this side of that range is soon to be
occupied with States.  It is a "manifest destiny," or rather a
resistless decree from the God of Providence. Those vast solitudes are to be peopled by men sheltered beneath the American flag. And Utah, midway between the Pacific and the Mississippi, what are we to do with it? Shall it be admitted, and
its High Priests establish their seraglios at Washington?
Here is a knotty problem; how shall we solve it?  And beyond that is the strangest, strongest, and I had almost said, the
wickedest commonwealtlh on the continent, agitated as with
earthquake passions.
Mr. President, this is a great nation, and we have more
reason to utter this word with alarm than with vanity.   It is
a fearfully thrilling sight to see a single horse running at a
furious speed beyond the control of his driver, but it is not so
thrilling as to see a crowded train of ears dashing like light.
ning along the iron railway, when you know that the displacement of a rail, the breaking of an axle, or the mistake of
a signal at the drawbridge, may hurry a multitude into eternity in the twinkling of an eye.  The world at large is not
greatly affected by the revolutions and counter-revolutions of
Buenos Ayres and Chili, but this nation has woven its destiny
among those of the fist class nations of the earth, and the
speed with which.we are rushing on to greatness is one most
fearful to behold.
Our dangers are as great as our blessings, and they come
in every wave of population which breaks upon our shores.
The religious element of the people by no means keeps pace
with growing wickedness. Our great cities often resound with 
12
the clangor of martial music on the Sabbath at burials and
the laying of corner stones. An insidious and wide-spread
conspiracy is digging away the foundations of the Christian
Sabbath, to convert it into a mere gala day as at Paris and
Rome.  A powerful association of learned and wicked men is
engaged in inoculating our nation with German infidelity,
and the virus is already showing the malignity of a fatal disease. The Papacy is bringing all its ingenious devices, backed
up with abundant pecuniary means, to give America the despotism of Hildebrand and the impiety of Leo X., and already
we have the fooleries which have made Spain, Mexico, and
Italy emasculate, stuck up at every corner and adored in every
community.  Hegel and Tom  Paine, Joe Smith and  John
Hughes, seem one in a common purpose to root out the
chosen seeds of truth which the Mayflower conveyed hither,
and which have already brought forth some an hundred fold,
some sixty, some thirty. These infidels are working with tremendous zeal, and it is to be feared with much success.
Irreligion, or rather no religion, if you will pardon the
paradox, is increasing, and hundreds of thousands among us
neither fear God nor regard man. Intemperance is increasing
like the deluge, and I see but one Noah's ark upon the waters.
It comes from north-east.   Involuntary slavery is tearing
away our heart-strings, invoking on us the wrath of heaven
and embroiling us in civil feuds and bloodshed.
Without a parallel our nation is great in the besetting
dangers of the present day, and if we perish it will not be like
the fall of Babylon or Rome, or Mexico, but a greater fall than
that, fraught with infinite sorrow to us and our children and to
the millions of oppressed in other lands whose eyes are turned
to us with the yearnings and longings of hearts sick with hope
deferred. The day of oW fall, if there be such a day, will be
a sad one in the annals of time. A wail shall go up from the
appalled nations, "Alas! that great nation that was clothed in
fine linen, and purple, and scarlet, and decked with gold and
precious stones and pearls: for in one hour so great riches is
come to nought!" Whilst a mighty voice shall sound through 
13
the earth, "Rejoice over her, thou heaven, and ye holy apostles and prophets, for God hath avenged you on her!"
But if so be God save us and make us a peculiar nation,
then may the world say in truth, "And what one nation in
the earth is like this thy people!"
Msir. President, if you will refer to the permanent documents
of your society, you will perceive that I do not take for granted a fact not demonstrated, viz., that the chief instrumentality
for evangelizing this great land, is the p2eaching of Jesuzs Christ
and him crucified, foolishness indeed in the estimation of some, a
stumbling bZock to others, but owned of heaven as the power of God
and the wisdom of God.  If our nation is to be saved from
threatened ruin, from infidelity, from popery, from irreligion,
it will not be by the mere circulation of even such a heavenly
literature as the American Tract Society is giving to our nation, nor by the indefinite multiplication of Bibes and Testaments. In their place in the great system of means these
societies are doing a work of great moment, and we cannot
press that work with too much energy. But books cannot do
the work of living men. God sometimes uses one of these
blessed pages to plant the seed of grace in some heart, but
the great mass of converts are reached by the voice of the
living preacher.   It was a living ministry that our Lord sent
out to preach, to call men to repentance, even as living messengers, and not written letters, were sent from heaven to
sound the good news of a Saviour born which is Christ the
Lord.  It was this instrumentality which set the world in a
blaze when the persecution scattered the disciples from Jerusalem.   It was this which rocked the papal throne when
Luther's lion voice preached to thrilled multitudes the doctrine
of justification by faith. It was this which shook Scotland to
its centre, when John Knox held forth the word of life.  It
was this which reaehedlhe hearts of the grim colliers of Kingswood, when Charles Wesley told them of Christ; which held
acres of human beings rivetted and spell- bound, whilst Whitfield proclaimed the gospel; and which caused men and women
to swoon with terror, as Edwards at Northampton spoke with
angel utterance of "Sinners in the hands of an angry God."
I 
14
I cannot stop to prove it, but must take for granted, that
our chief want is a living ministry, learned, pious, zealous, and
in sufficient numbers.   Give us this instrumentality and all
others will follow as a matter ofnecessity.
There is still another point, on which I must beg, your indulgence a few moments, viz., that the supply of ministers is
not at all in proportion to the urgent demands of a work which
is increasing on our hands with frightful rapidity. The lan,guage of the General Assembly at Buffalo, in May last, is but
the note which indicates a sorrow common to the whole Calvinistic family.  In their narrative they tell us, there is "one
topic on which a very large number of our Presbyteries, and
especially in the great Western field, dwell with earnest and
mournful emphasis. It is the destitution of ministers, the utter
inadequacy of the laborers to the vast work that is to be done."
Diffuse their labors as they may, they tell us of many churches
which have no one to break to them the bread of life; and of
destitutions, to obtain a supply for which their utmost efforts
are unavailing.   The cry is sent up to us from every quarter
of the land, "come over andcl help us." And it is because that
cry has been so long sounding in vain, that despondency and
gloom overshadow many a field of promise, and oppress many
a heart that responds to the sympathies of the Gospel. To add
to the oppressiveness of this despondency, the future seems
darker and more forbidding than the present.  The candidates
for the ministry which our Presbyteries report, are few in
number. The broad and open avenues to wealth and higher
objects of ambition are crowded with eager competitors; and
among them not a few who have professedly consecrated
their talents to the God of their salvation.   The self-denying
path to the ministry * -* has but here and there a youthful
traveller. If there is any one feature of our present state that
should humble us as an Assembly, and the churches under our
care, before God, this is one. In 1849 the old school Board of
Education, say, what I think, in substance, they have repeated
each subsequent year: "TIV Board deem it their duty to keep
steadily before the Assembly the alarming and humiliating
fact that the number,of candidates for the ministry of our 
church, is, at best, but stationary."   The Albany Convention
of Congregational Ministers, one year ago, spoke  of the
"alarming disproportion betvween the increase of our population, and the increase of the ministers of the Gospel."
MAr. President and Christian'friends, there is the sting of
mingled truth and falsehood in the sarcasm of the shrewdest
and most to be dreaded enemy the Gospel has in this countryI mean Archbishop Hughes, when he said, " Nearly the whole
class by which the Protestant ministry was formerly supplied,
has disappeared altogether; and although they have places and
pensions in theological seminaries, they cannot find candidates
to accept them, although they have education and position
offered to them; the race of pious young men, as they used to be
called twcenty years ago, has died out, and this fitct is ackenow ledged.   They Cknow not what is to be the conseqtence, if Provi dence should not 2'aise itp candidates to continue the'i ministry."
Our wily foe has discovered the lock of our strength, and
he was not shrewd enough to suppress a sarcasm, which from
his lips,makes a thrilling appeal to us.  The living ministry,
as an instrument, is chief and vital, and in this we are faltering.
We are building churches in all shapes, grotesque and beau tiful, from a cross to a circle, with all kinds of steeples, and
with all sorts of approximations to the gorgeous mockeries of
the middle ages; we are pointing to this and that spacious
and costly palace in which our merchant princes have "settled
on their lees;" we name with a boast this and that and the
other distinguished son of the church, who have attained the
high places of power; we educate by our example and precepts
the baptized children of the church into an exaggerated estimate
of the blessedness of " heapiing -p riches;" we talk compla  cently of our glorious "pilgrim fathers," the wealth and im  portance of "our church," the munificence of our home and
foreign charities; we glw eloquent over the respectability,
intelligence and commanding, influence of our communions;
instead of facing the tremendous fact that the chief instru   mentality which has raised us to our present position, and has
achieved our past victories, an instrumentality which has em   ployed the sanctified, energies of such as the Mathers, the two
i5
f 
16
Edwards, lHopkins, Whitfield, Witlherspoon, the Tennants,
and Samuel Davies; I say, instead of facing the tremendous
fact that this instrumentality is now patronised and blessed in
a measure but little more than sufficient to hold the ground
we now have, whilst for the great world of the West it is as
inadequate as the sicLle of a single reaper to gather the harvests of the Genesee.
Did the limits assigned me in this address permit, I would
like to dwell on two points which can only be suggested, viz.,
(1.) Christian parents in great part hold the remedy for this
lamentable state of things.  Could the same mneans be introduced into the nursery and family that gave Samuel, Timothy,
and Dodclridge, to the special work of God's ambassadors, a revolution would soon be apparent, and (2.) the effect of a general
revival of genuine religion through our churches on replenishing the ranks of the ministry. A very large proportion of the
ministers now in the field were converted in the Pentecostal
revivings which distilled their influences so mightily on the
churches twenty years ago.
But these points I must omit and ask your attention to
another point of vast importance-I mean the establishnment and
endowment of Christian schools abad colleges. In my estimation,
your society, Mr. President, has grasped the great educational
idea of the age-the very idea with which one is to. chase a
thousand and two put ten thousand to flight.  I know not how
it may be in New England, but in the Middle and Western
States I have noticed extreme reluctance on the part of young
men to become beneficiaries oni the lists of our educational societies, and in speaking this impression, I do not wish to
utter a word in disparagement of those societies.  They have
done, and are yet doing a great work, and yet there are young
men of talents and piety Eho refuse aid coming in that way.
MIany who have received the aid look back with regret, because the obnoxious odium of a poor charity student clings to
them like pitch, and is often suggested to their memory in a
way not at all pleasant. In~ a sense, every boy in the freeschools of Boston and New-York is a charity scholar, and yet
when one of these passe! from the high school to the active 
17
business of life, he does it without a taint wvhich would make
him blush to recall "his antecedents." Iii these institutions
the sons of the coal-heaver and street-sweep sit side by side
with the sons of the merchant prince, and the gifted civilian.
pursuing the same studies, sustained by the same bounty and
aspiring after the same honors.
In a more restricted sense, this fact holds good of the
military and naval academies at West Point and Annapolis.
The son of the senator caInnot say to the son of the straitened
backwoodsman, "you are a charity scholar! "  There is a
common level of privilege on which they all stand, in theor at least, merit being the only means of rank.  In this fact I see
an idea which 1 would might be wrought out in practice, at
least in one model Clristian college.  I should like to see a
college of the church so amply endowed and allowed to ex pend its income so judiciously that all the students within its
walls, without regard to the wealth or poverty of their pa rents, would receive all its privileges free. Its instruction, its
rooms, its libraries, and its scholarships ample for the encour agement of virtuous industry, and small enough to act as a
spur to indolence, all should be free to those whose merits
entitled them to the foundation. I verily believe the change
would be most beneficial on the interests of learning, and
especially on the ministry. And were I a rich man, with the
same feelings which now possess me, I would not let a year
pass without trying the scheme on some one of our Western
Colleges.   I cannot now  see a way in which a Christian
philanthropist could make such  a permanent  and glorious
investment of money, lucrative in the dividends of eternity, as
to endow a college in some such way. If I mistake not
the drift of things, this idea in substance, but no doubt modi.
fled by wisdom and experience, is beginning to "possess the
reins" of this society, Tnd this nowv rises up before me as the
grandest educational idea of the Chlristian Church.
But an objection is raisec, the very one which has made
education societies a stenoi in the nostrils of some excellent
Christians and churches, viz.: that macny will r2eceive the benefits of
thesefu7,(s of the church who will not preach the gospel.  That 
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this has been the case withli educational funds I do not question, nay, I know such to have been the case in some instances.  And yet it seems to me to be an unworthy contraction
of the schemes and plans wliich the Church should devise
for the accomplishment of the grandest idea she can conceive,
that of giving to the West and to the World  an adequate
ministry.  In the mountains of New-Jersey, capitalists blast
at great expense and fling away hundreds of tons of rock,
and findl their compensation in the rich ore which they by
this means reach.  One of my neighbors, an  earnest, sensible
laborer, visited the gulches of California t find gold, and
he has told me that he was obliged to move a mass of common
earth (and rock at a large expense of time, money, and fatigue,
but he knew he must do it in order to reach the precious
metal thus buried.  A short time since hle came back with his
pockets full of money, and I have never heard him utter a
complaint that he had to shovel up so much base dirt I The
gold he got at by the means, was his reward.
And wlhyv should not the Church be as wise in her search
after the hid treasures of good ministers as these men digging
for iron or gold?  Suppose you do have a hundred men in
your catalogue, fifty of whom, more intelligent than when you
took them, fall back into the private pursuits of life, are you
right certain that you have not done a deed which shall elevate the intelligence and efficiency of your churches, and
open sources of Christinn activity and charity which otherwise
might have been as closely sealed as the rock before Moses
smote it?  Let me farther suppose, that of the remaining
fifty ten become lawyers, and ten physicians, the rest holding
forth the word of life in the pulpit.  Will you say the Church
has lost its investment because those lawyers and physicians
did not study theology?  Go into any of our prominent
churches and towns, anct tell me whether you cannot find
some pious physicians and lawyers that the Church and community could ill afford to lose, men whose influence is so
commnanding and good, that rather than do without it, the
Church could have well afforded to be at the sole expense of
their education?  I clin name church after church blessed 
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with such educated men, and I rejoice in God when I see
him adding to the substantial energies of the Christian
Church by giving such men the heart and means to educate
themselves, although it be not to preach. To put such men
in such positions would be n'o more a waste of the Church's
funds than to cast seed into the soil to yield a harvest in
return. It would be a wise economy in the end.
I will take the most extreme view of the case, and assert
that if out of the hundred men whom your bountiful provisions have called together, ninety-nine disappoint you, and
yet the hundredth one proves to be an Elias Cornelius,
a William Goodell, or a James Richards, the Church ouglht
to consider the return as ample as the gold-digger who has
toiled day  after day, removing load after load of refuse
dirt, but at last comes to an ingot mass of pure gold.
But such a number of young men will produce many more
laborers than one, and I do believe that our Christian Colleges should be so endowed that a very large number of
youth and young men might be induced to enter their halls,
out of which the Holy Ghost should call the special messengers of the cross. And looking back over the field of my
own personal observation, and comparing it with the striking
tables compiled by Prof. Tyler of Amherst, showing how
many who are now preaching Christ were converted in College, I would  not always forbid these  privileges of free
Christian Colleges to impenitent youth, whose morals are
good and whose talents are promising.
IMr. President, I do not wish to compromise your  Society by these remarks.  To some they may appear quixotic
and extreme, and no one is responsible for them but myself,
but I do think that next to home religion, like that of Hlannah, Eunice, and Doddridge's mother, and such great refreshings of the Church a large, as were once enjoyed in this
country, the great means of furnishing an adequate ministry
to the West, and the world is found in an enlarged system of
free Christian Colleges,.out of which may be selected the
ambassadors who shall beseech men to be reconciled to God.
Thousands rejoice in what your Society has done and is 
.I    -
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now doing.  Let your motto be "excelsior" or if that appear
too secular, then inscribe on your banner, "Not as though I
had already attained, either were already made perfect, * * *
but this one thing I do, forgetting those things which arc
behind and reaching forth unto those things which arc before,
I press toward the mark for the prize of the high calling of
God in Christ Jesus."
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