A Briefe And True Relation of The Discoverie of the North Part of Virginia Brereton 1602 WILLIAM LGLEMENTS US TOURS SY RIVIERESSA Brereton, John STC 3 6 10 or 3601 dump 36 Samuel Mace, p.14 SEEEEE A Briefe and true Relation of che Diſcouerie of the North part of Virginia ; being a moft plealant, fruitfull andcommodious foile: Made this preſent yeere 1602, by Capraine Bartholomew Golnold, Cap- taine Bartholowmew Gilbert, and diuers other gentlemen their affociars, by the permiſſion of the honourable knight, Sir WALTER RALEGH, &c. Written by M.Iohn Brereton one of the voyage. Whereunto is annexed a Treatiſe, of M. Edward Hayes, conteining important inducements for the planting in thoſe parts and finding a pallage that way to the South lea, and China, With diuers infiructions of Speciall mostenit neply added in this ſecond in- preffion. LONDINI, Impenſis Geor. Biſhop 16.0.2 BECHOS Linh Chi H. 3 To the honourable, Sir WALTER RALEGH, Knight, Captaine of her Maiefties Guards, Lord Warden of the Stanneries, Lieutenant of Cornwall, and Gouernour of the Ille of Ierſey. Dnourable fir , being earnelily reques tted by a dere friend, to put downe in writing, ſome true relation of our late performed voyage to the Roth parts of Virginia ; at length I refolued to ſa: tiffie his requeſt, who allo emboldened me to direct the ſame to your honour- able conüderation ; to whom indæd of Duetie it perteineth. may it pleaſe your Loldthip therefoze to undertand, that upon the fire and twentieth of qmarch 1602, being Friday, we went from Falınouth, being in all, two e thirtie perſons, in a ſmall barke of Dartmouth, called The Concord , holding a courſe fo, the Pouth part of Virginia : and although by chance the winde fauoured bs not at firữ as we wilhed, but infozced bs ſo farre to the Southward, as we fell with S.Ma- Ehey fel with S. Marie, one of rie, one of the illands of the Açores ( which was not much the Açores, out of our way) but holoing our courſe directly from thence, we made our iourney hozter (than hitherto accuſtomed ) by the better part of a thouſand leagues, yet were we longer in our paſſage than we expeded; which happened , foz that our barke being weake, we were loth topzelle her with much faile; alſo, our fathers being few, and they none of the belt, we bare ( ercept in faire weather) but low faile; beldes, our go- ing vpon an unknowen coalt, made us not ouer-botoe to 8.3 tand 4 A truc relation of the diſcoueric ans come a- tand in with the thoze, but in open weather; which cauſed us to be certeine dates in ſounding, befoze we diſcouered the coat , the weather being by chance , ſomewhat foggie. But They diſcote: on Friday the fourteenth of mpay, early in the mozning, we 14.0f way. made the land , being full of faire træs, the land ſomewhat low, certeine hummocks o2 hilles lying into the land, the ihoze full of white ſand,but tery tony oz rocky. And ftanding faire alongtt by the ſhoze, about twelue of the clocke the ſame Cight Judi day, we came to an anker, where eight Indians, in a Baſke- boold of them. Iyallop with mat and ſaile, an iron grapple, and a kettle of Copper, caine boldly abod vs,one ofthem apparelled with a Wattcoat and bjæches of blacke ferdge, made after our ſea-fai fhion, hoſe and lyoes on his fát ; all the rel ( fauing one that The deſcrip: had a paire of bzuches of blue doth) were naked. Theſe tion of thein. people are oftall tature, broad and grim vilage, of a blacke Swart complerion, their eis-bżowes painted white; their weapons are bowes and arrowes. It ſeemed by ſome words and fignes they made, that ſome Balks oz of S, Iohn de Luz, haue filhed og tradcd in this place, being in the latitude of 43: degrés. But riding bære,in no very god harbour, and lvith: all, doubting the weather, about the of the clocke the ſame day in the afternone we weighed, & tanding Southerly off in ſea the reſt of that day and the night following, with a frely gale of winde, in the morning we found our (clues eme baied with a mightie headland; but comming to an anker do bout nine of the docke the ſame day, within a league of the (hoxe, we hoifed out the one halfe of our ſhallop, and captaine alheir first Bartholmew Gofnold, my felfe, and the others, went afhoze, landing. being a white ſandie and very bolde thoze; and marching all that afternone with our muſkets on our necks, on the highet billes which we law (the weather very hot)at length we per: ceiued this headland to be parcell of the maine, and fundzie Jdanos lying almott round about it: lo returning (towards fuening) to our thallop (foz by that time, the other part was Another Plus bzought alhoze and fet together)we eſpicd an Indian, a pong man, of pzoper ttature, and of a pleating countenance; and af terſomne familiaritie with him, we left him at the rea lide, and returned to our thip; where, in fue oz fixe houres abſence, we Anertellent bad pellereb our lip ſo with Cod fith, that wethzew num= Cod fiſhing bers of the North part of Virginia. 5 bers of them ouer-bozd againe : and ſurely, I am perluas ded that in the moneths of parch, April, and up ay, there is Hpon this coatt, better filhing, and in as great plentie, as in Newfound-land: fou the ſculles of mackerell,herrings, Cod, and other fich, that we daily law as we went and came from the thoje, were wonderfall; and beldes, the places where we toke theſe Cods(and might in a few daies haue laden our thip) were but in feuen fadome water, and within lelſe than a league of the thone: where, in Newfound-land they fich in fo2tie gz fiftie fabome water, and farre off. from this place, a great heat: we failed round about this headland, almolt all the points of land. the compadle,the thoje very bolde: but as no coatt is free from Dangers, lo fam perſuaded, this is as free as any. The land ſom what lowe,full of godly woods,but in ſome places plaine. HD any faire At length we were come amongf many faire Jlands, which illands. we had partly diſcerned at our fir landing ; all lying within a league os two one of another, and the ontermott not aboue fire or leuen leagues from the maine: but rõming to an anker The firſt 31- vnder one of them, which was about the oz foure leagues Marthaes vines from the maine captaine Gołnold, my felfe, and ſome others, varb. wentalhoze and going round about it, we found it to be foure Englith iniles in compaſſe, without houſe o2 inhabitant, las uing a little olo houle made of boughes, couered with barke, an olde piece of a weare of the Indians, to catch fith, and one on two places, where they had made fires. The chiefett tres 25eeches. of this land, are Bâches and Cebars ; the outward parts Cedars. all ouergroten with lowe bulhie trás, the o2 foure fot in height, which beare ſome kinde of fruits , as appeared by their blottomes ; Strawberries, red and white, as ſwætand much bigger than ours in England : Kalberies, Goleberies, Hurtleberies, and ſuch an incredible toze of Wines, aſwell Uines in &- in the woodie part of the Fland, where they run bpo! cuery bundance. frá, as on the outward parts, that we could not goe fo: treas Ding upon them: alſo many ſpzings of excellent (weet water, Springs, and a great ftanding laks of freth water, nåre the ſea lide, an Englit mile in compare, which is mainteined with the {pzings running erceeding pleaſantly thozow the woddie grounds which are very rockie. Here are alſo in this land, great toze of Dére, which we ſaw, and other beats, as ap- Other hearts. . peared Lake. 83 A true relation of the diſcouerie Geele. Crānes. peared by their tracks; as alfo diuers fowles, as Cranes Deerfiawes. Bernthawes, Witters, Bécſe, go allaros, Leales, and other 25itters fowles, in great plenty; allo, great toze of Peale, which allards. Leales. grow in certeine plots all the land ouer. Dn the Month dide of this y dand we found many huge bones and ribbes of UWhales. This land, as alſo all the reữ of theſe glands, are full of all ſorts of tones ät for building; the ſea lides all couered with ſtones, many of them glidring and thining like minerall ffones, and verie rockie: alſo, the rel of theſe glands are repleniſhed with theſe commodities, and vpon Come ofthem , inhabitants; as vpon an jüand to the porty: ward, and within two leagues of this; yet we found na townes, non many of their houſes, although we ſaw mnanie indians, which aretall big boned men, all naked, fauing they couer their pziuy parts with a blacke tewed ſkin, much like a Black (miths apzon, tied about their middle and betwene their legs behinde: they gaue vs of their fify readie boiled, (which they carried in a baſket made of twigges, not unlike our odier) whereof we did eat, and iudged them to be freth Babacco. water fity: they gaue vs alſo of their Labacco, which they dzinke græne, but dzied into powder, very trong and pleas fant, and much better than any 3 haur talted in England: the Hecks of their pipes are made of clay hard dzied, (whereof in that Jland is great toze both red and white) the other part is a piece of hollow copper, very finely cloſed and ſemented together. We gaue vnto them certeine trifles, as kniues, points, and ſuch like, which they much eltéemed. From bence elizabeths we went to another Hand, to the Rothweſt ofthis, and fand. within a league of two of the maine, which we found to be greater than before we imagined, being 16. Engliq miles at the leatt in compal|e; for it conteineth many pieces od necks ofland, which differ nothing frõ ſeuerall flands, ſauing that certeine banks of ſmall bzedth, do,like bridges, toine them to this land. In the outüdes of this Jians are many plaine places of gralle, abundance of Strawberies & other berries Cheat, Bar: befoze mentioned. In mid say we did lowe in this Iſland lowed, camne (for a triall ) in ſunday places, wheat, Warley, Dats, and Dp nine inches Deale, which in fourtene dates were ſpzung vp nine inches In daies. and moze. The loile is fat and lutie , the vpper cruft of gray colour, of the North part of Virginia. 7 colour ; but a fot og lette in depth, of the colour of our hempe lands in England ; and being thus apt fo2 thele and the like graines ; the fowing og ſetting (after the ground is clenſed) is no greater labour, than if you ſhoulo ſet on low in one of our bett p2epared gardens in England. This land is full of Dakes. high timbzeo Dakes, their leaues thzife fo broad as ours; Ces Cedars. bers,traight and tall ; Bech, Elme,hollie, wmalnut tres in a- Beech. boundance, the fruit as bigge as ours, as appeared by thoſe Hollie. Tualnut trees. we found onder the træs, which had lien all the yåre vngas Cherry trees, thered; Vaflenut trés, Cherry trees, the leafe, barke and big- nelle nof differing from ours in England, but the ſtalke bea- reth the bloüoms 03 fruit at the end thereof, like a cluſter of Grapes, fozty og fifty in a bunch ; Salafras tres great plen- Saſſafras tie all the dand ouer, a trå of high price and profit ; alſo dis Diuers other uers other fruit trås,ſome of them with trange barkes, of an trees. Drange colour, in fæling ſoft and ſmothe like Weluet : in the thickelt parts of theſe inods, you may lů a furlong oz moze round about. Dn the pozthwelt lide of this Jland, nåre to the ſea fide, is a fanoing Lake offreth water, almoff the A take three iniles about Engliſh miles in compalle , in the middell whereofftands a plot of wody ground, an acre in quantitie oë not aboue : this Lake is full of ſmall Toztoiles, and ercedingly frequen- Small Toda ted with all fots of fowles befoze rehearſed, which bzæd, toites. fome low on the banks, and others on low træs about this Lake in great aboundance, whoſe yong ones of all fozts we abundance of foke and eat at our pleaſure : but all theſe fowles are much bigger than bigger than ours in England. Alſo in euery Jland, and al- ours in Eng. mott in every part of euery Idland, are great toze of Ground Gound nuts. nuts, foutie together on a tring, ſome of them as bigge as hennes egges; they grow not two inches under ground : the which nuts we found to be as god as Potatoes. Alſo, diuers foats of ſhell-fily, as Scalops, Muſcles, Cockles, Lobters, Shell Hill Crabs, Ditters, and milks, erråding god and very great. But not to cloy you with particular rehearſall of ſuch things as Gode spature hath betowed on theſe places, in compart- fon whereof, the most fertil part of al England is(ofit ſelle)but barren; we went in our light-hoafman from this Juand to the maine,right againt this land ſome two leagues off, where comming afyone, we tod a while like men rauitheb at the 94 beautig land. 8 A true relation of the diſcoverie Chcerceeding beautie and delicacie of this liket loile ; fo2 belibes diuers maine land. cláre Lakes of freth water (Whereof we ſaw no end) me. Gleat Lakes, dowes very large and full of greene građe ; euen the mof Large me dowes wody places ( 3 ſpeake onely of ſuch as 3 ſaw ) doe grow ſo diffint and apart, one tree from another , vpon gråne gratfie ground, ſomewhat higher than the Plaines, as if pature would thew her felfe aboue her power, artificiall. Ward by, we eſpied feuen Indians , and cumming vp to them, at firte Seuen F1t: they expzelled ſome feare ; but being emboloned by our cur- dians, teous vlage, and ſome trifles which we gaue them, they fola lowed bs to anecke ofland, which we imagined had bæne fes uered from the maine ; but finding it otherwiſe, we percetued bioad rinter. a bạoad harbour o, riuers mouth, which ranne vp into the maine: and becauſe the day was farre ſpent, we were forced to returne to the fdand from whence we came, leauing the a good har: diſcouery of this harbour, foz a time of better lealure. Dithe hour. godneđe of which harbour, as alſo of many others thereas bouts, there is finall doubt , confidering that all the Flands, 23 as alſo the maine (where we were) is all rockie grounds and boken lands. Pow the next day, we determined to foztifie our ſelues in a little plot of ground in the midlt of the Lake The Engliſty aboue mentioned, where we built an houſe, and couered it huule. with fedge, which grew about this lake in great aboundance; in building whereof, we ſpent the wáks and mode : but the De fecond day after our comming from the maine , we eſpied 21 Cleuen ca: canowes oz boats, with fiftie Indians in them , comming nows with toward vs from this part of the maine, where we, two daies fiftie Judi: aus in them. befoge landed ; and bein, loth they thould diſcouer our fortis fication, we went out on the ſea libe to måte them; and com, ming fomewhat nere them, they all ſat downe upon the ſtones, calling aloud to vs (as we rightly ghefted) to doc the like a little bittance from them: hauing fat a while in this o2, der,captaine Gofnold willed me to goe onto them, to ſee what countenance they would make; but as ſone as I came up vns to them, one of them, to whom I had giuen a knife two daies befoze in the maine,knew me,(whom I alſo very wel remem- bzed) and ſmiling vpon me, fpake ſomewhat onto their lozd 02 captaine, which fat in the miott of them, who pzeſently roſe Cheir cap faine. vp and take a large Beauer ſkin from one that ftod about him of the North part of Virginia. him, and gaue it onto me, which I requited foz that time the belt 3 coulo : but 3, pointing towards captaine Golnold, made lignes onto him, that he was our captaine, and delis rous to be his friend, and enter league with him, which (as 3 perceiued ) he underſtod, and made lignes oficy : Whereup- pon captaine Gofnold with the relt of his companie , being twenty in all, came vp unto them ; and after many figues of gratulations (captaine Gofnold pzeſenting their Lojd with certaine trifles which they wondzed at, and highly eltámet) we became very great friends, and lent for meat abond our lhallop, and gaue them ſuch meats as we had then readie dzetled , whereof they midiked nothing but our muſtard, whereat they made many a lowe face. While we were thus merg, one of them had conueied a target of ours into one of their canowes, which we ſuffered, onely to frie whe- ther they were in fubiecion to this Lozd to whom we made ügnes (by ſtewing him another of thetame likenetle, and pointing to the canow) what one of his companie had done : who ſuddenly erpreſſed ſome feare, and ſpeaking angerly to one about him (as we perceiued by his countenance) cauſed it preſently to be bought backe againe. So the rett of the day Seuerall ſorts we fpent in trading with them for furres, which are Beas of furres. uers, Luzernes, a arterns, Dtters, wild-cat (kinnes, very large and Dúpe Furre, blacke Fores, Conie (kinnes, of the colour of our Hares, but ſomewhatice, Däre ſkinnes, ves ry large, Sealeſkinnes, and other beaữs ſkinnes, tobs vns knowen. They baue alſo great itoze of Copper , ſome very Red Copper in abundance redde; and ſome of a paler colour ; none ofthem but haue chaines , earings oz collars of this inettall : they head ſome of their arrows herewith much like our b2oad arrow heads, very workmanly made. Their chaines are many hollow Chaines, pieces ſemented together, ech piece of the bignelſe of one of our réds, a finger in length, ten oz (Welue of them together on a ftring, which they weare about their necks : their col- Collars. lars they weare about their bodies like bandelieres a hand- full broad, all hollow pieces, like the other, but ſomewhat Chozter, four hundred pieces in a collar, very fine and euenly ſet together. Belides theſe , they haue large drinking cups cuppes of Dunking made like ſculles, and other thinne plates of copper, made Copper. much so A true relation ofthe diſcouerie ftones. much like our boare-ſpeare blades, all which they ſo little es ttéeme, as they offered their fairely collars oz chaines, foz a knife oz ſuch like trifle, but we fåmed little to regard it ; yet 3 was delrous to vnderttand where they had ſuch toze of Mines of this mettall, and made ſignes to one ofthem (with whom Topper. was very familiar) who taking a piece of Copper in his hand, made a hole with his änger in the ground, and withall pointed to the maine from whence they came. They trike fire in this manner; euery one carrieth about him in a purſe of Piterall tewd leather, a spinerall tone (which take to be their Emerie Copper ) and with a flat Emerie tone (wherewith Glaliers ftones. cut glafle , and Cutlers glaſe blades ) tied falt to the end of a little ſticke, gently he friketh vpon the minerall ſtone, and within a ſtroke oz two, a ſparke falleth ypon a piece of Touchwod (much like our punge in England) and with the leaf ſparke he maketh a fire pefently. we had alſo of Flare. their flare, where with they make many ttrings and co2ds, but it is not ſo bright of colour as ours in England: Jam pere ſwaded they haue great ftoze growing vpon the maine, as allo mines and many other rich commodities, which we, wanting both time and meanes, could not poüibly diſcouer. Thus they continued with vsfhree daies, every night retis ring them ſelues to the furthermolt part of our Jland two o? thræmiles from our fozt: but the fourth day they returned to the maine, pointing fiue og fix times to the sun, and once to themaine, which we vndertiod, that within fiue og fir daies they would come from the maine to vs againe :but being in their canowes a little from the thoje,they made huge cries & thouts of ioy vnto us, and we with our trumpet and compet, and catting up our cappes into the aire, made them the bett Indians apt- farewell we could : yet fir oz feuen of them remained with faz ferutice. vs behinde, bearing is company euery day into the wods, Saſſafras. and helpt vs to cut and carie our Sallafras, and ſome of them lay abo?0 our thip. Theſe people, as they are erceding cours A goodly peos ple, t of goco teous,geafle of difpofition, and well conditioned, ercelling all conditions. others that we haus fæne; fo fo2 Chape of bodie and lovely fa- uour, 3 thinke they ercell all the people of America ; offatore much bigher than we; of complexion o, colour, much like a darke Dliue; their eie-bżowes and haire blacke, which they weare of the North part of Virginia. weare long, tied up behinde in knots, Whereon they pricke feathers of fowles, in falhion of a crownet:ſome of them are blacke thin bearded ; they make beards of the batre ofbeaſts: and one ofthem offered a beard of their making to one of our Cailers, fo, his that grew on his face, which becauſe it was of a red colour, they iudged to be none of his owne. They are quicke eied, and itedfax in their loks, feareleſe of others harmes, as intending nonethemſelues; ſome of the meaner Cozt giuen to filching, which the very name of Saluages(not weighing their ignorance in god o2 euill) may eatly ercule: their garments are of Dåre ſkins, and ſome of them weare Cheir appa- Furres round and cloſe about their necks. They pronounce rell. our language with great facilitie ; for one of them one day litting by me, opon occalion 3, ſpake ſmiling to him theſe wozds: How now (firrha)are you ſo faucie with my Tabacco which wozds (without any further repetition) he ſuddenly (pake ſo plaine and ditfinaly, as if he had båne a long ſcholar in the language.qp any other ſuch trials we had, which are håre nådlette to repeat. Their women (ſuch as we ſaw) Cheir was which were but thjæ in all, were but lome of ftature, their eie-bżowes, haire, apparell , and maner of wearing, like to the men, fat, and very well fauoured, and much delighted in our company; the men are very dutifull towards them. And truely, the hollomnetle and temperature of this Climat, doth not onely argue this people to be anſwerable to this deſcrip, tion, but alſo of a perfeæ conftitution of body , aciue, trong, healthfull, and very wittie, as the funday toies oftheirs cuna ningly wrought, may eaſily witnes. Ffothe agreeing of this of the Climat. The goodnenie Climat with us ( [pcake ofmy felfe, & ro 3 may iully do fo2 the reſt of our company ) that we found our health & trength all the while we remained there, ſo to renew and increaſe, as notwithtanding our diet and lodging was none of the beſt , yet not one of our company (God be thanked.) felt the leaff grudging oz inclination to any diſeaſe oz fickneffe, but were much fatter and in better bealth than when we went out of England. But after our barke had taken in ſo much Sallafras,Cedar, ffurres, Skinnes, and other commodities, as were thought conuenient; ſome of our company that had pzomiled captaine Gofnold to ſtay, bauing nothing but a las uing meni. 113 2 72 A true relation of the diſcoueric uing voyage in their minds, made our company of inhabis tants ( which was ſmall enough befoze) much ſmaller; ſo as captaine Goſnold fåing his whole trength to confitt but of twelue men, and they but meanly pzouided , determined to Their return. returne fo2 England, ieauing this quand ( which he called Eli- zabeths Illand) with as many true forrowfull eies, as were befoze delrous to ſä it. So the 18. of June , being Friday, we weighed, and with indifferent faire winde and weather came to anker the 2 3 of July, being allo Friday (in all, bare fiue weks) befoze Exmouth. Your Lordſhips to command, Ihos Brereton. A briefe Nore of ſuch commodities as we faw in the countrey, notwithſtanding our ſmall cime of ſtay. Trees. Fowlese She Affafras trees, the roots wherof at 3. s. the pound Hernſhawes. are 3 36.1. the tunne. Cranes. Cedars tall and ſtraight, in Bitters. great abundance. Mallards. Cypres trees. Teales. Oakes. Geele. Walnut trees great ſtore. Pengwins. Elmes. Olpreisand Hawks. Beech. Crowes. Hollie. Rauens. Hallenut trees. Mewes Cherry trees. Doues. Cotten trees. Sea-pies. Other fruit trees to vs Vn Blacke-birds with carnation knowen. wings. The finder of our Saſſafras in theſe parts, was one Maſter Robert Meriton. , De Beafts. Eere in great ſtore, very great and large Beares of the North part of Virginia. 13 VV Beares. Iris Florentina, whereof apo- Luzernes. thecaries make ſweet balles. Blacke Foxes. Sorrell, and many other herbs Beauers, wherewith they made fal- Otters. lets. Wilde-Cats, verie large and Fiſhes. Hales. great. Dogs like Foxes, blacke and Tortoiſes, both on ſharpe noſed. land and ſea. Conies. Seales. Cods. Fruits Plants,and-Herbs. Mackerell: Breames. Abacco, excellent fweet Herrings. and ſtrong Thornbacke. Vines in more plenty than in Hakes. France. Rockefiſh. Ground-nuts, good meat, & Doggefiſh. alſo medicinable, Lobſtars. Strawberries. Crabbes. Raſpeberries. Muſcles. Gooſeberries. Wilks. Hurtleberries. Cockles. Peaſe growing naturally Scallops. Flaxe. Oiſters Nakes foure foot in length, and fixe inches about, which vſe for girdles. Colours to die with red,white and blacke. Mettals and Stones. Copper in great abun- Stones of a blue mettalline dance. colour, which we take to be Emerie ftones for Glaſiers & Steele oare. Cutlers. Stones of all ſorts for buil- Alabaſter very white. dings. Stones gliſtering and ſhining Clay,red & white, which may like Minerallſtones. proue good Terra Sigillara. B 3 Abriefe 14 Echo A briefe Note of the ſending another barke this preſent yeere 1602.by the honorable knight, Sir WALTE RALEGH, for the ſearching out of his Colonie in Virginia Amuel Mace of Weimouth, a very fufficent mariner, an honett ſober man, who had båne at Virginia twiſe befoze, was imploted this ther by Sir Walter Ralegh, to finde thoſe peos ple which were left there in the yære 1587. To whoſe fuccour he hath ſent fiue feuerall times at his owne charges. The parties by him ſet fwath, performed nothing; ſome of them following their owne p20: fit elſewhere; others returning with friuolous allegations. at this latt time, to auoid all excuſe, he bought a barke, and hired all the company foz wages by the moneth: Who depar- ting from Weimouth in Marchlatt 1062, fell foztie leagues to the south wettward of Hatarask, in thirtie foure degrees o2 thereabout ; and hauing there ſpent a moneth; when they came along the coatt to ſéeke the people, they aid it not, px, tending that the extremitie of weather and lolle of ſome prin cipall ground-tackle, fouced and feared them from ſearching the pozt of Hatarask, to which they were fenf. from that place where they abode, they brought Salafras, Radix Chinx 02 the Chiria rot, Beniamin,Caſsia,lignea,ka rinde of a tré moze throng than any ſpice as yet knowen, with diuers other com- modities, which hereafter in a larger diſcourſe may come to light. A Treatiſe boo A Treatiſe, conteining important induce- ments for the planting in theſe parts, and finding a paſſage that way to the South ſea and China. We voiage which we intend, is to plant Chris Tenperate Clurats, ttian people and religion bpon the Poathwett countries of America, in places temperat and well agréing with our conftitution, which though the ſame doe lie betwåne 40 and 44. degræs of latitude, vnder the Paralels of Italy and France, yet are not they ſo hotzby reaſon that the ſuns heat is qualified in his courſe ouer the Dcean, befoze he arriueth vpon the coats of America, attracing much vapour from the fea: Which mitigation of his heat, we take for a benefit to us that intend to inbabit there; becauſe vnder the Climat of 40 Degræs, the ſame would be to veheinent els fo2 our bodies to endure. Theſelands were neuer yet adually pottetled by any Chat- Her pateities title, dian prince oz people, yet often intended to be by the French nation, which long athence had inhabited there, if Dometicall warres had not withheld them: notwithltanding the ſame are the rightfull inheritance of her gaietfie, being firlt diſco- nered by our nation in the time of King Henrie the ſeventh, under the condua of Iohn Cabot and his fonnes : by which title of firt diſcouery, the kings of Portugall and Spaine boe holde and enioy their ample and rich kingdomes in their In- dies Eal and wett; and alſo lately planted in part by the Colonies fent thither by the honourableknight, Sir Walter Ralegh. The courſe onto theſe countreys, is thozow the Deeart, als a commodi- together free from all rettraint by fozren princes to be made; courte. bus and ſafe whereunto other our accuttomed trades are ſubiect; apt fo2 mot winds that can blow, to be performed commonly in 30 92 2134 16 A Treatiſe touching the planting 02 35 baies. The coat faire, with ſafe roads and harbors foz Kiuers. Chips: Wany riuers. Fertile lands. Thele lands be faire and pleaſant, reſembling France, ins termedled with mountaines, balleys, medowes, wodlants, and champians. The foile is ercéding tfrong, by reaſon it was neuer manured ; and will be therefoze moſt fit to beare at fird, Kape-ſáds, Hempe, fflar, and whatſoeuer els requis ំ Kapeoiles. reth ſuch trong ſoile. Kape-oiles, and all ſozts of oiles, will be very commodious fo, England, which ſpendeth oiles as boundantly about Clothing and Leather-Dzelling. In like ſoat, Hempe and flar are pzofitable, whether the ſame be fent into England, 0, wrought there by our people ; Dad allo will grow there alwell oz better then in Terçera. Dies. The Saluages weare faire colours in ſome oftheir afire, whereby we hope to finde rich dies and colours foz painting. The trås are foz the mott part, Cedars, Pines, Spule, sfirre and Daks to the pothwaro. Di thelc trás will be Drawen Tarre and Pitch, Kolen, Lurpentine, and Soape: alhes: They will make matts foz the greatett lhippes of the woulo: Excellent fimbers of Cedar, and bozos foz curious building. minerais. The cliffes vpon the coats and mountaines euery where Copper. ſhew great likelihod of minerals. A very rich mine of Cop- per is found, whereof Bhaue låne pzofe ; and the place des ſcribed. pot farre from which there is great hope alſo of a Siluer mine. There be faire quarries of tone , of beautifull colours, foz buildings. zapes. The ground bringeth fo2th, without induſtrie, Peale, ko fes, Gapes, Hempe, beſides other plants, fruits, herbs and flowers, whoſe pleaſant view and dele&able melles, doe de montrate ſufficiently the fertility aud ſweetnette of that foile and aire. Beasts. Beats of many kindes ; ſome of the bignelie of an Dre; whoſe hides make god buffe : Däre, both red and of other ſozts in aboundance: Luzerns, parterns,bables, Beauers, Beares, Dtters, volues, Fores, and Squirrels, which to the pouthward are blacke and accounted very rich furres. Fowles. fowles both of the water and land, infinit ttore and vari- etie , Yawks both thozt and long winged , Partriges in a- boundance, on the North part of Virginia. 17 bundance , Ivhich are berie great, and eaſily taken. Birds great and ſmall fome like ønto our Blacke-birds, others like Canarie-birds: and many (as well birds as other creatures) trange and differing from ours of Europe. ily, namely, Cods, which as we encline inoze onto the South , are moze large and vendible fo2 England and France, then the Newland filh. Whales and Seales in great abun> dances. Diles of them are rich cominodities faz England, whereof we now make Soape, belides many other vſes. Item, Lunneys, Anchoues, Bonits, Salmons, Lobtters, Ditters hauing Pearle, and infinit other ſozts of fily , which are more plentifull bpon thoſe Porthwelt coafts of America, than in any parts of the knowen would. Salt is reposted to be found there, which els may be made there, to ſerue fuffis ciently foz all fithing. so as the commodities there to be raiſed both of the ſea Commodities andland ( after that we haue planted our people ſkilfull and in generall. induſtrious) will be, Fiſh, udhale and weale siles, Soape a- lhes and Soape, Larre and Pitch , Kofen and Turpentine; qafts, Limber and bazds of Cebars, firres, and Pines, Hempe, flare, Cables and Kopes, Saile-clothes, Gzapes, and Kaiſens and Wines, Conne, Kape-låds & oiles, Hides, Skinnes, furres, Dies and Colours fo; painting, Pearle, Apettals and other minerals.. Theſe commodities before rehearſed., albeit for the mott Impioiment part they be große, yet are the ſame pzofitable fo: the State of of our people, England ſpecially, alwell in regard of the vſe of ſuch commo- decated požts. dities, as foz the implotment alſo of our people and ſhips ; the want whereof, doth decay our townes and posts of England, and cauſeth the realme to (warme full with poze and idle people. Theſe commodities in like fozt , are of great vſe and elli: The trade to mation in all the South and Wetterne countreys of Europe; fhalbe reinos namely, Italie, France and Spaine: for the which all nations ued to vs. that haue bene accuſtomed to repaire vnto the Newfound- land foz the commoditie offich and oiles alone, will hencefora Ward fozfake the Newfound-land, and trade with bs, when once we haue planted people in thoſe parts : by whoſe indu- frie chall be pzouided foz all commers, both fith and oiles, Newfoundland 18 A Treatiſe touching the planting and many commodities belides, of god importance & value. panith coms Then will the Spaniards and Portugals being unto vs modities. in erchange of ſuch commodities befoze mentioned, wines, Swátoiles, fruits, Spices, Sugars, Silks, Gold and Sils uer,02 whatſoeuer that Europe yéldeth, to ſupply our neceltic ties, and to increaſe our delights. Engliſh com for which Spanith commodities and other ſozfs like: anodities, wife, our merchants of England will bring onto vs againe, Cloth, Catteil, fo2 our toze ano bied, ano euery thing els that we liy all nád, 02 that England fhall baply exchange for ſuch commodities. Ment of our By this intercourſe, our habitations will be made a stas Cloth. ple of all dendible commodities of the world, and a meanes to vent a very great quantitie of our Engliſh cloth into all the cold regions of America extended very farre. Intercourſe his intercourſe alſo will be ſwne Djawen together by this will ſoone be had with a reaſon: That náre adioining vpon the ſame coats of New- ther nacions, found-land, is the greateſt filhing of the would; whether doe yerely repaire about 400 failes of ſhips, foz no other commo- ditie than fily and chale-oiles. Then fozaſmuch as mer: chants are diligent inquifitours after gaines, they will lwne remwue their trade froin Newfound-land vnto ós nére at hand, foz ſo great increaſe of gaine as they thall make by tra- Fincommodi- ding with us. For whereas the voyage vnto the Newfound- ties in the Newland land is into a moze cold and intemperate place, not to be tra: deb no2 frequented at all times, noz foztified foz ſecuritie of the thips and gods; oft ſpoiled by pirats oz men of warre; the charges great foz (alt; double manning and double vidual- ling their hips, in regard that thelaboz is great and the time long, before their lading can be made readie : they cary outs wards no coinmodities foz fraight; and after fire moneths voyage, their returne is made but of Filh and Diles. Lottolitics Contrariwiſe, by trading with vs at our intended place, by haning the courſelhalbe in a maner as thout ; into a moze temperate trade with and healthfull climat ; at all times of the gére to be traded; barbozs foztified to ſecure thips and gods; charges abridged of ſalt, vidualling and manning thips double: becauſe lading fhall be prouided onto their hands at a moze eafte rate than themſelues could make it. They fhall carry fraight alſo puta ward trade. on the North part of Virginia. 19 ward, to make exchange with us ; and ſo get profit both Waies: and then euery foure moneths they may make a boy. age and returne, of both fith and oiles, and many other com modities ofgod wozth. Theſe reaſons aduiſedly waighed, thall make our enters Mott. pzile appeare eale, and the mott pofitable of the world, fo2 our nation to undertake. The reaſons we chiefly relie vp- on are theſe, namely. ſi Choſe lands which we intend to inhabit, thall minifter vnto our people, the ſubied and matter of many no- table commodities. 2 England Chall afford vs people both men, women and children above 10000, which may very happily be ſpared from hence to wozke thoſe commodities there. 3 Newfound-land Lyall miniffer ſhipping to carrie away all our commodities, and to bring others vnto us a. gaine faz our ſupplie. pow two of theſe reaſons are already effeded vnto our An eaſie en hands : that is to ſay: The place where we thall finde rich great rewara. commodities, and chips to vent them. It remaineth onely fo2 our parts, to carrie and tranſpozt people with their pzos uifions from England, where the miſerie and necellitie ofma. nie crie out foz ſuch heipe and reliefe. This confidered, no nation af Chzigendom is to fit foz this Che Engliſh adion as England, by reaſon of our fuperfluous people (as 3 fit foz Dilces may tearme them) and of our long doeticall peace. And ueries. after that we be once 200 men trong, vidualled and foztitis ed, we can not be remoued by as many thouſands. Foz belides that, we have féene both in France and the Low-countreys, where 200 ten well foztified and vidualled, baue kept out the forces both of the French Spaniſh kings, euen within their owne kingdomes : it ſhall be alſo a matter 30 pube of great difficulty, to tranſpost an army ouer the Dcean with viduals and munition, and afterwards to abide long liege as bzoad , againt os fortified within , where the very elements and famine thall fight for us, though we thould lie dill and Defend opelp. The 20 A Treatiſe touching the planting The Salita Che Saluages neither in this attempt thall hurt us, they gesimable to being ample, nated and unarmed, deftitute of edge-toles 02 offend. weapons; whereby they are unable either to defend thēſelues og to offend us: neither is it our intent to prouoke, but to cher rith and win them into Chriſtianitie by faire meanes; yet not to truſt them to far, but to prouide againft all accidents. Then to conclude, as we of all other nations are mot fit foz a diſcouery and planting in remote places ; cuen ſo, vnder the beauens there is no place to be found fo conuenient for ſuch a purpoſe; by reaſon of the temperature , commodities, apt lite foz trade, & repaire thither already of ſo many ſhips, which in any other frequented countrey, can not be procu- red in a mans age, nor with erpenſe of halfe a million, his action So as the onely difficultie now, is in our firte preparation but let on foot, to tranſpogt ſome few people at the beginning ; the charges ward of it whereof thall be defraied by our firtt returne,offith and ſome Celfe. commodities of aflafras, Hides, Skinnes and furres, which we ſhall alſo haue by trading with the Saluages. The pzofe of which commodities thall incourage our merchants to venter largely in the next. The ſupplie Chall eaſily and con- tinually be ſent by thips, which yerely goe from hence unto the Newfound-land and us ; and the intercourſe & crchange we thall haue with all nations repairing thither , fhall Goze vs with aboundance of all things for our neceffities and des Duerfightin lightes. Which realons if they had bæne fozeſäne of them choice of a new habitation, that planted in the South part of Virginia (which is a place deſtitute of god harbours, and farre from all trade) no doubt but if they had ſettled nører vnto this frequented trade in the Newfound-land, they had by this time bene a flouriſh, ing State, and plentifull in all things ; Who alſo might then baue made way into the bowels of that large continent, where alluredly we ſhall diſcouer very godly and rich king: domes and cities. A matter of gt may alſo féeme a matter of great conſequence fo, the importance fo2 England. god and ſecuritie of England ; that out of theſe portherly re- gions we ihail be able to furnily this realme of all maner of prouifions foz du nautes ; namely, Pitch, Kolen, Cables, Kopes, watts, and ſuch like ; which thall be made within thoſe her aiefties owne dominions, by her owne fubieds, and on the North part of Virginia. 31 ano bought hither thozow the Dcean, fréfrom refraint of any other pzince ; whereby the cuſtomes and charges bea fowed by our merchants (to the inriching offøren Efrates) thall be leftened, and turned to the benefit of her Highnelle and her deputies in thoſe parts : which allo Thall deliver our mer chants from many troubles & moleftations which they now unwillingly indure in our Eat trades ; and ſhall make us the lette to doubt the malice of thoſe States whom now we may not offend, lett we thould be intercepted of the ſame pzouiſ- ons, to the weakening of our naute, the moffroiall defence of this noble realme. Ofa conuenient paſſage and trade into the south Sea, under temperate regions part by riuers,and ſome part over land, in the continent of America. Taill adde hereunto an aflared hope (grounded vpon in fallible reaſons) of a way to be made part ouerland,& part by riuers og lakes, into the South ſeas onto Cathay, China, and thoſe palling rich countreys, lying in the Eat parts of the worlo : which way oz paſſage ( ſuppoſed to be beyond the bftermott bounds of America, under the frozen Zone) is nevertheleſſe, held by the opinion of many learned wzi: ters and men of ludgement now liuing, to be in theſe moze temperate rigions; and that the ſame thall neuer be made knowen, onlelle we plant firti ; whereby we thall learne as much by inquiſition of the naturall inhabitants, as by our owne nauigations. will not herein relie opon reports made in the French mens diſcoueries ; that the ſea which gis uefh pallage onto Cathay, extenbeth from the spouth , nåre vnto the riuer of Canada, trifo 44 degrés, where the ſame of the Saluages is called Tadouac. Meither bpon the diſcoueries of Iaques Noel, who hauing paſſed beyond the three baults, where Jaques Carrier left to diſcouer, finding the riuer of S. Laurence pañable on the other lide oz bianch; and afterwards onderttwd of the inhabitants, that the ſame riuer di lead into a mighty lake, which at the 23 Atreatiſe touching the planting the entrance was freth, but beyond, was bitter og falt ; the end whereof was unknowen. Dmitting therefoze theſe hopes, I will ground my opinia on vpon realon and nature, which will not faile. For this we know alreadie, that great riuers haue béns diſcouered a thouſand Englily miles into that continent of America; namely,that of S. Laurence on Canada. But not res garding miles moze oz lelle , mott affuredly, that ando ther knowen riuers there doe deſcend from the higheſt parts o2 mountaines, oz middle of that continent, into our poth ſea. A large courſe and like as thoſe mountains doe cal from them, Itreames in oľa rtner thos, to our Youth leas; cuen ſo the like they doe into the south ſea, continent, pro- which is on the backe of that continent. Buceth a post: For all mountaines have their deſcents toward the ſeas a- ablerkiet. bout them, which are the lowett places and pzoper inanttons of water : and waters (which are contained in the inoun.. taines, as it were in citternes) deſcending naturally, doe als waies relozt vnto the feas inuironing thoſe lands : fo, eram ple; sFrom the Alps conäning Germanie, France, and Italie, the mighty riuer Danubie doth take his courſe tatt, and dil, chargeth into the Pontique ſea: the Rhine, pozth, and falleth into the Germane ſea : the Rhoſne, Wiel, and goeth into the quediterran ſea : the Po,South is emptied into the Adri- arick or gulfe of Venice. other intances may be produced tolike effect in Africk; pea,at home amongti the mountaines in England. Hæing then in nature this can not be denied, and by erpes rience elſewhere is found to be ſo, will fhelp how a frade may be diſpoſed more commodiouſly into the south ſea tho. row theſe temperate and habitable regions, than by the fros zen zones in the ſappoſed pallages of Nothweft or Noths eatt : where, if the very moment be omitted of the time to palle, then are we like to be frozch in the ſeas, D2 forced to Uulinter in ertreame cold and darkenelle like unto hell : 02 in the midâ of Summer, we lhalbe in perill to haue our thips suerwhelmed 02 crutht in pieces by hideous and fearefull mountaines of yce doting vpon thoſe ſeas. Therefore foure Staple-places muſt be ereded, when the molt lyozt and palable way is found : that is to fay, two vpok on the North part of Virginia. upon the poth fide, at the head and fall of the river ; and two others on the South üde, at the head and fall alſo of that other riuer. Prouided, that ſhips may patie vp thoſe riuers onto the Staples, ſo farre as the ſame be nauigable into the land; and afterwards, that boats with dlat bottomes may alſo palle lo high and néere the heads of the riuers onto the @taples, as poſſibly they can, euen with lelle than two fot water, which can not then be far from the heads ; as in the riucr of Chagre. That necke oz ſpace of land betweene the two heads of the faid riuers, ifit be 1oo leagues (which is not like) the com: modities from the poth and from the south ſea brought thither, may wel be carried ouer the ſame vpon houſes, mules o2 beats ofthat coantrey apt tolabour (as the elke oz buffel) oz by the aid of many Saluages accuſtomed to burdens; who fhall tead vs greatly in theſe affaires. Stis mozeouer to be conſidered, that all theſe countreys de påld (ſo farre as is knowen) Cedars, Pines, Firre tres and Daks, to build, malt, and yeard lips; wherefore we mag not doubt,but that thips may be builded on the South lea. Then as lhips on the South Gbe may goe and returne fø and from Cathay, China, and other mot rich regions of the Cat would in fiue moneths oz thereabouts ; euen ſo the gods being carried ouer vnto the poith Ade, Chips may come this ther from England to fetch the ſame gods, and returne by a boyage of foure oz fiue moneths vfually. mo as in euery foure moneths may be returned into Eng- land the greateſt riches of Cathay, China, Iapan, and the red which will be Spices, Dzugges, puſke, Pearle, Atones, Gold, Siluer, Silks, Clothes of gold, & all maner of precious things, which ſhall recompenſe the time and labour of their tranſpoztation and carriage, if it were as farre and danges rous as the mozes trade is from Feſs and Marocco ( ouez the burning and moueable ſands, in which they perilh mang times, and ſuffer commonly great diſtrelles ) vnto the riuer called Niger in Africa, and from theme, vp the fato riuer ina- nie hundred miles; afterwards ouer-land againe, Onto the rtuer Nilus; and ſo onto Cairo in Egypt, from whence they returne the way they came. A Treatiſe touching the planting,&c. 92 if it were a voyage ſo farre as our merchants haue made into Perſia, euen to Ormus, by the way of the poth, throagh Ruſsia into the Caſpian ſea, and ſo f@zth, with pai- ment of many tolles. But this palage ouer and thozow the continent of America, , as the ſame thall be alwaies vnder temperate and babitable climats, and a pleaſant palage af- fer it hath béne a little frequented: euen ſo it mult fall out much lhozter than it fäemeth, by falſe deſcription of that cone tinent, which doth not ertend ſo farre into the uWelt,as by later nauigations is found and deſcribed in moje eks quilit charts. Beſides that, the ſea extends it felfe. into the land very farre in many places on the South ade; whereby our accelle vnto the south ocean, thall be by ſo much the Shozter. FINI S. 25 58 Cabas teses en estos dos UNT Inducements to the liking of the voyage inten- ded towards Virginia in 40 and 42. degrees of latitude, written 1585. by M. Richard Haklay the elder,ſometime ſtudent of the Middle Temple. We glory of God by planting of religion as mong thoſe infidels. 2 The increaſe of the fozce ofthe Chriftians, 3. The poſibilitie of the inlarging of the dos mintons of the Quienes molt excellent pa- tettie, and conſequently of her honour , reues nues, and ofher power by this enterpriſe. 4 An ample vent in time to come of the wollen clothes of England, eſpecially thoſe of the courſeft forts, to the mainte- nance of our poze, that els tferue or become burdenſome to the realme: and vent alſo offundzy our commodities vpon the tract of that firme land, and pollibly in other regions from the Poztherne fide of that maine. 5 A great poñibilitie of further diſcoueries of other regi- ons from the sponth part of the ſame land by lea, and of vna ſpeakable honoz and benefit that may riſe vpon the ſame, by the trades to enſue in Iapan, China, and Cathay, pl.is 6 25y returne thence, this realme thall receiue (by reaſon ofthe lituation of the climate, and by reaſon of the excellent foile) Dade, Dile, wines, Hops, Salt, and mott og all the com- modities that we receiue from the belt parts of Europe, and we ſhall receiue the ſame better cheape , than now we receiuc them,as we may bre the matter. 7 Keceiuing the fame thence, the nauie, the humane trength of this realme, our merchants and their gadslyal not be ſubiect to arreſt of ancient enemies a doubtfull friends, as oflate yéres they haue båne. 3 8 310 26 Inftru&ions for performance 8 3four nation do not make any conquet there, but only ble trafficke and change of commodities, yet by meane the countrey is not very mightie,but diaided inte pety kingdoms, they ſhall not dare to offer bs any great annoy, but ſuch as we may eaſily reuenge with ſufficient chatiſement to the vnara med people there. 9 whatfoeuer commodities we receide by the Stélyard merchants, oj by our owne merchants from Eaſtland, be it Flare, Hempe, Pitch, Larre, palis, Clap-bozd, Wainſcot, oz ſuch like; the like god may we receiue from the poath and Portheaſt part of that countrey nere unto Cape Briton, in res turne foz our courſe wollen clothes, flanels and Kugges fit foz thoſe colder regions. 10 The paſſage to and fro is thorow the maine Dcean ſea, ſo as we are not in danger of any enemies coaữ. II In the voyage, we are not to croße the burnt Zone, no? to patte thozow frozen feas encombzed with ice and fogs, but in temperate dimate at all times ofthe yére: and it requireth not, as the Eaſt Indie votage doth the taking in of water in dis uers places by reaſon fhat it is to be failed in fiue o2 fir wéks: and by the lyoztnefle, the merchant may yerely make two re- turnes (a facozy once being erected there) a matter in trade of great moment. Ond 12 In this trade by the way in our palle to and fro, we haue in tempeus and other haps all the pozts of Ireland to our aid, and no nere coaſt of any enemy. 13 By this o2dinary trade we may annoy the enemies to Ireland, and laccour the Nuenes Baietties friends there and in time we may from Virginia påld them whatſoeuer commos ditie they now receiue from the Spaniard ; and ſo the Spanis ards ſhall want theo2dinary bidual that hårtofoze they receis ned vårely from thence, and ſo they thall not continue trade, noz fall fo aptly in practiſe againd this gouernment,as now by their trade thither they may. 230 14 Welyall, as it is thought, enioy in this voyage, either fome fmallydands to ſettle on, og fome one piace oz other on the ürme tand to fo2tifie for the ſaftie of our chips, our men, and our gods, the like whereof we haue not in any fozren place of our trafficke, in which reſped we may be in degrå of moze ofthe voyage ro Virginia. moze ſafetie, and moze quiet.no 15. The great plentis of Buffe hides, and of many other ſundry kinds ofhides there now preſently to be bad, the trade of whale and beale fiſhing, and of digers other fiſhings in the great riuers, great bayes, and ſeas there, thall preſently defray the charge in god part o, in all of the fire enterpzife, and ſo we thall be in better caſe than our men were in Ruſsia, where many yeres were ſpent, and great lummes of money conſumed, before gaine was found. 16 Thegreat bzoad riners of that maine that we are to ens fer into ſo many leagues nauigable oz portable into the maine land, lying ſo long a tract with ſo excellent and ſo fertile a foile on both ſides, doe läme to pzomiſe all things that the life of man doth require, and whatſoeuer men may with, that are to plant vpon the ſame,02 to trafficke in the ſame. 17 And whatſoeuer notable commoditie the ſoile within oz without both våld in ſo long a tract that is to be carried out from thence to England, the ſame riuers ſo great and dåpe, do yálo no ſmall benefit foz the fare,ſafe, eaſie and cheape cariage of the ſame to ſhipband, be it of great bulke o2 of great weight. 18 And in like fozt whatſoeuer commoditie of England the Inland people there thall need, the ſame riuers doe wozke the like effect in benefit foz the incariage of the ſame, aptly, eaſily, and cheaply. 19 if we finde the countrèy populous, and deſirous toers peius,and iniuriouſly to offend bs,that leke but iuť and law. full trafficke, then by reaſon that we are lodds of nauigation, and they not ſo, we are the better able to defend our felues by reaſon of thoſe great riuers, & to annoy them in many places. 20 Where there be many petie kings og lojos planted on the riuers fides, and by all likelihod mainteine the frontiers of their feuerall territories by warres, we may by the aide of this riuer ioine with this king bäre,02 with that king there at our pleaſure , and may ſo with a few men be reuenged of any wong offered by any of them;02 may, if we will proceed with extremitie, conquer , foztifie, and plant in ſoiles moft ſtát, molt pleafant, moft ſtrong, and mott fertile, and in the end bring them all in ſubiection and to ciuilitie. 21 The knowen abundance of Frely fill in the riuers,and 9 2 the 28 Inſtructions for performance thekitowen plentie of Fil on the fea coali there, may ature vs of ſufficient viduall in (pight of the people, if we will be ſalt and induſtrie. 22 The knowen plentie and varietie of Flely, of diuers kinds ofbeats at land there, may láme to ſay to bs, that we may cheaply tiduall our nauies to England foz our returnes, which benefit euery where is not found of merchants. 23 The pradiſe of the people of the Eaſt Indies, when the Poztugals came thither ürlt, was to cut from the Poztugals their lading of Spice: and hereby they thought to ouerth2ow their purpoſed trade. jftheſe people thallpzaaiſe the like, by not ſuffering vs to have any commoditie of theirs without conqueft, (which requireth ſome time) yet may we mainteine our firft voyage thither , till our purpoſe conie to effect, by the ſea-fiſhing on the coaťts there, and by ozagging fo2 pearles, which are ſaid to be on thoſe parts; and by returne of thoſe commodities, the charges in part thall be defraied: which is a matter of confideration in enterpriſes of charge. 24 gfthis realme fhall abound foto much with youth, in the mines there of Golde, (as that of Chiſca and Saguenay) of Siluer, Copper, Yon,&c. may be an imployment to the bes nefit of this realene; in tilling of the rich foile there foz graine, and inplanting of Ulines there fo, Wuline ; 02 duelling ofthoſe Wines which groſv there naturally in great abundance, D: liues for Dile; Drenge trees, limons, Figs and Almonds for fruit ; Dad, Saffron, and adder fo: Diers; Hoppes fax Brewers; Hempe, Flare; and in many ſuch other things, by imploiment of the foile , our people void of ſufficient trades, may be honeftly imploied, that els may become hurtfull at homie. 25 The nauigating of the ſeas in the boyage, and ofthe great riuers there, will bzád many spariners fe: feruice, and niainteine much naaigation. 26 The number of ralp Hides there of diuers kindes of brafts, if we lball poflette lome Jdand there, oz ſettle on the firme, may p2eſently imploy many of our idle people in diuers feuerall delings of the ſame, and ſo we may returne them to the people that can not dzeſle them ſo well; oz into this realm, where the fame are god merchandize; oz to Flanders,&c. which pzeſent • of the voyage to Virginia. 29 prefent gaine at the art, raiſeth great incouragement preſent- ly to the enterpaiſe. 27 Since great watte Wious be there, of Dake, Cedar, Pine, Wall-nuts, and fundzy other forts, many of our wale people may be inployed in making of Ships, Hoies, Bulles and Boats; and in making of Kozen, Pitch and Larre, the trées naturall foz the ſaine, being certeinly knowen to be nare Cape Briton and the Bay of Menan, and in many other places there about, 28 3fmines of white o, gray marble, jet,02 other rich trone be found there, our idle people may be imployed in the mines of the laine, and in preparing the ſame to lyape, and fo Shaped, they may be caried into this realm as god balal foz our ſhips, and after ſerae foz noble buildings. 29 Bugar-canes may be planted aſwell as they are now in the mouth of Spaine, and beſides the imploiment of our idle people, we may receiue the commodity cheaper,and not inrich infidels oz our doubtful friends, of whom now we receiue that commoditie. 30 The daily great increaſe of Wolles in Spaine, and the like in the Weſt Indies, and the great imploiment of the ſame into Cloth in both places, inay moue is to endetour, foz vent of our Cloth, new diſcoueries of peopled regions, where hope offale may ariſe; otherwiſe in thoat time many inconuenien, ces may poWibly enſue. 31 SLhis land that we purpoſe to dired our courſe to, ly, ing in part in the 40 degræ of latitude, being in like heat as Lisbone in Portugall doth, and in the moze Southerly part as the mot @outherly coat of Spaine doth, may by our diligence yeld onto us beldes udines and Diles and Sugars, Dzens ges, Limons,Jigs,Kelings,Almonds, Pomegranates, Rice, Baw-filks ſuch as come from Granada, and diuers commodis ties for Diers, as Anile and Cochenillio, and fundzy other co. ER lours and materials. Mozeouer, we call not onely receiue many pzecious commodities beldes from thence but alſo thal in time inde ample vent of the labour of our poze people at home, by ſale of Dats, Bonets, Kniues, Fich-boks, Copper kettles, Beads, Løking-glaſſes, bugles, a thouſand kinds ofother wzought wares, that in thout time may be bzought ir D3 ple 30 Inſtructions for performance ble among the people of that countrey, to the great relfefe of the multitude of our poze people, and to the wonderfull ens riching of this realme. And in time, ſuch league & entercourſe may ariſe befwäne our Stapling ſeats there and other pozts ofour pozthern America, and ofthe Flands of the ſame, that incredible things, and by few as yet dzeamed of, may ſpédily follow , tending to the impeachment of our mightie enemies, and to the common god of this noble gouernment. The ends of 1. Toplant Chriftian religion? Da, to doe all this voyage 2. To trafficke. are thele: 23. To conquer. S thrée. 9 plant Chriftian religion without conqueft , will be hard. Trafficke eaſily followeth conqueft : conquett is not eaſie. Trafficke without conqueſt fëmeth polible, and. not vnealte. What is to be done, is the queſtion. sfthe people be content to liue naked, and to content theme ſelues with few things of mére necellity, then trafficke is nof. So then in vaine (éemeth our voyage, onlelle this nature may be altered, as by conquet and other god meanes it may be, but not on a ſudden. The like whereof appeared in the Eaſt Indies, upon the Postugals eating there. of the people in the Inland be clothes, and delire to liue in the abundance of all ſuch things as Europe doth, and have at home all the fame in plentie, yet we can not haue trafficke with them, by meane they want not any thing that we can yáld them. Somit that they haue delire to your commodities, and as yet haue neither Golde, Siluer, Copper, fron, no, fufficient quantitieofother preſent commoditie to mainteine the yerely trade: What is then to be done : Meanes to The ſotle and climate firtt is to be conüdered, and you are bieemaalgee with Argus eies to ſee what commoditie by induffrieofman you are able to make it to yáld, that England doth want oz both delire: as foz the purpoſe, if you can make it to yálo god Wine,02 gob Dilejas it is like you may by the climat, (where wilde Ulines of fundry forts doe naturally grow already in great abundance) then your trade may be mainteined. But admit of the voyage to Virginia. 31 admit the foile were in our diſpoſition (as yet it is not) in what time may this be brought about : For Wine this is to be affirmed, that firli the foile lying in 36 0237 degrees in the temperature of South Spaine, in ſetting your Ume-plants this yeere, you may baue Wine within thrée päres. And it may be that the wilde Wines growing there al- ready, by ozderly ppuning and dzelling at your firt arriuall, may come to profit in thojter fime. And planting your Dline trås this yére, you may haue Dile within tbze yéres. And if the ſea thojes be flat, and fit foz receipt of ſalt water, and for Salt making, without any annoy of nære frelyes, then the trade of Salt onely may mainteine a yérely nauiga- tion (as our men now trade to the idle of Maio, and the Bola landers to Terra Firma náre the weſt end of the iſle of Marga- rita.) But how the naturall people of the countrey may be made ſkilfull to plant Wines, and to know the ble, oz to ſet Dliue tres,and to know the making of Dile, and withall to vſe both the trades, that is a matter of ſmall conlideration: but to cons quer a countrey o; pzouince in climate #foile of Italie, Spaine, D2 the Jüands from whence we receiue our Wines Diles, and to man it, to plant it, and to kepe it, and to continue the making of walines and Diles able to ſerue England, were a matter of great impoztance both in reſpect of the ſauing at home of our great treaſure now yerely going away, and in reſpect of the annoyance thereby growing to our enemies. The like confideration would be had, touching a place for the making of Salt, of temperature like thoſe of France, not toto colde as the salts of the pozthern regions bez no, to to firy, as thoſe be that be made moze Southerly than France. Inres gard whereof, many circumtances are to be conſidered; and principally, by what meane the people of thoſe parties may be baten by all courtefie into loue with our nation; that webes come not hatefull vnto them, as the @paniard is in Italie and in the Weſt Indies, and ellwhere, by their maner of vrage:fo2 a gentle courſe without crueltie ano tyzannie belt anſwereth the profellion of a Chriftian, belf planteth Chrittian religion; a gentle maketh our ſeating mot void of blod, molt pzofitable in trade to be held. of 32 Inſtructions for performance of merchandiſe, mot firme and ttable, and leat fubied to re- moue by pzadife of enemies. But that we mnag in ſeating there,not be fubiest wholly to the malice of enemies, and may be moze able to paeſerue our bodies, ſhips, and gods in more Cafetie, and to be knowen to be more able to fcourge the people there, ciuill o2 ſauage, than willing to offer any violence. And for the moze quiet exerciſe of our manurance of the ſoiles where we ihall ſeat, and ofour manuall occupations, it is to be wiſhed that ſome ancient captaines of milde diſpoſition and great iudgement be ſent thither with men mot (kilfall in the arte of foztification ; and that diredion be taken that the mouthes of great riners, and the Jlands in the ſame (as things of great moment) be taken, manned and fortified; and that hauens ve cut out foz Cafetie of the Raute, that we may be loads of the gates and entries, to goe out and come in at plea- ſure, and to lie in lafetie, and be able to command and to con- trole all within, and to force all fozren nauigation to lie out in open rode ſubiect to all weathers, to be diſperſed by tempels and flawes, if the fozce within be not able to giue them the en- counter abzoad. We Red Muſcadell grape, that bifhop Grindall procured But. . low grape : the cuts of theſe were wont gérely to be fet at Fulham; and after one yæres roting to be giuen by the biſhop, and to be folo by bis gardener. Theſe pzeſently prouided, and placed in earth, and many oftheſe ſo roted, with troze of cuts vnrated belides, placed in tubbes of earth thipped at the next voyage, to be planted in Virginia, may begin Wineyards, and bzing Wines out of hand. 2 Prouifion great of wilde Dliue frées may be made out of this citie ſo then to be caried to encreate great ftoje of tocks to graffe the belt Dline on: and Virginia tanding in the ſame degree that The Shroffe the Dline place both in Spaine, we may win that merchandiſe, graffing the wilde. 3. Sugar-canes, if you can not procure them from the Spaniſh jüanss, yet may you by your Barberie merchants procure them. 4 Chere is an herbe in Perſia, whereof Anile is made, and of the voyage to Virginia. 33 and it is alſo in Barbarie : to pzocure that by fézd D2 røf, were of impoztance fo, a trade of merchandiſe faz our clothing coun, trey. 5 Dad by the fads you may haue; for you may haue bundžeds of buſhels in England, as it is multiplied : and has uing loile and laboj in Virginia cheape, and the Dad in great value, lying in ſmall rome, it will be a trade of great gaine to this clothing realme : and the thing can not be delroyed by Saluages. Theräts of this you may have in plenty and num- ber comming in the trade: ſo this may grow in trade within a yåre ready foz the merchant. 6 Figge trees of many god kinds may be had hence in barrell, ifnow preſently they be provided; and they in that di mat will yåld noble fruit, and fæd your people preſently, and will be bought in frailes home as merchandiſe , oz in barrell, as Ketings alſo maybe. 7 Sawed bords of Daſafras and Cedar,to be turned in: to ſmall bores foz ladies and gentlewomen, would become a pzefent trade. 8 To the infinite naturall increaſe of Hogs, to adde a des uice how the ſame may be fed by rots, acomnes, &c. without ſpoiling your conne, would be of great effect to feed the multis tude continually imployed in labour : and the ſanie cheaply bzed and ſalted,and barrelled there and bzought home, will be well folde foz a god merchandiſe ; and the barrels after , will ſerue for our home Herring-fiſhing; and ſo you ſell your Wads and the labour of your coper. 9 Keceiuing the ſaluage women and their children ofboth feres by courtele into your pzotection and imploying the Eng- lily women and the others in making of Linnen, you thal raiſe a wonderfull trade of benefit, both to carie into England and alſo into the jdands, and into the maine of the Weſt Indies, viauall and labour being ſo cheape there. 10 The trade of making cables and condage there, will be of great impoztance, in reſpect of a cheape maintenance of the Raute that thallpañe to and fro; and in reſpect of ſuch Panie as may in thoſe parties be vſed fom the venting of the comino- dities of England to be brought thither. And Powloauies, &c. made foz ſailes of the poze Saluages, palo to the Paule & great 34 Inſtru&ions for performance great helpe, and a great gaine in the trafficke. But if ſeeking reuenge on every iniurie of the Saluages we fúke blod raiſe war,our Wines, car Dliues, our figge trás, our Sugar-canes, our Dzenges and Limons, Conne, Cattell, &c. will be beffroyed, and trade of merchandiſe in all things ouerthzo wen; and ſo the Engliſh nation there planted and to be planted,thalbe rated out with (wozd and hunger. Sorts of men which are to be paſſed in this voyage 1 M tn ſkilfull in all spinerall cauſes. en ſkilfull in all kinde ofdjugges. 3 Filhermen, tuconlider of the ſea filhings there on the coatts to be reduced to tradehereafter: and others foz the freſh water fiſhings. 4 Sait-makers, to view the coaſt and to make triall how rich the fea-wafer there is to aduiſe foz the trade. 5 Vuſbandmei, to view the ſoile, to reſolue fo2 tillage in all fonts. 6 Wineyard-men bzed, to fá how the foile may ferue fox the planting of Ulines. 7 mpen bzed in the Shroffe in South Spaine,foz diſcerning how Dliue tres may be planted there. 18 Dthers, foz planting of Dzenge trás, figge trees, Li- montres, and Almond très; for judging how the foile may ſerue foz the ſame. 9 Bardeners, topzoue the ſeuerall ſoiles of the glands, and of our ſetling places, to ſä how the ſame may ferue fo, ali herbs and rats fo2 our vidualling; fince by rough ſeas fome- times we may want fily, and lince we may want flely to vies tuall vs, by the malice of the naturall people there : and gar: deners for planting of our common trás of fruit, as Peares, Apples, Plumines, Peaches, Beblers, Apzicoes, Duinces foz conſerues,c. 10 Lime-makers to make lime fo, buildings. 11 marons, Carpenters, &c. fo, buildings there. 12 Bricke-makers and Tile-makers. 13 sen tunning in the art of foztification, that may chule out of the voyage to Virginia. 36 ont places trong by nature to be foztified, and that can plot out and direct wozkemer. 14 Choife Spade-men, to french cunningly, and to raiſe bulwarks and ramplers of earth for defence and offence. 15 Spade-makers,that may,out ofthe Wuds there,make ſpades like thoſe of Deuonthire,and of other ſozts and lhouets from time to time foz common vſe. 16 Smithes, to forge the yzons of the thouels and ſpades, and to make blacke billes and other weapons, and to mend many things. 17 men that ble to breake Ath trees foz pike-Pfaues, to be imploied in the Cloos there. 18 Dthers, that finith vp the ſame ſo rough bewo, ſuch as in London are to be had. 19 Copers, to make calke of all fozts. 20 Fougers of pikes heads and of arrow heads, with loze ges, with apanily pzon, and with all maner of toles to be ca- ried with them. 21 Fletchers, to renew arrowes, lince archerie pzeuaileth much againt vnarmed people: and gunpowder mayfone pes rilh, by ſetting on fire. 22 Bowyers alſo, to make bowes there fog næd. 23 makers of oares,ünce foz leruice bpon thoſe riuers it is to great purpoſe, fo, the boats and barges they are to pale and enter with 24 Shipwrights, to make barges and boats, and bigger vegels,ifned be, to run along the coatt, and to pierce the great Bayes and Inlets. 25 Turners, to turne targets of ¢lme and tough wod, for ble againit the parts and arrowes of Saluages. 26 Such alſo as baue knowledge to make targets of hozne. 27 Such allo as can make armoz of hides bpon moulds, ſuch as were wont to be made in this realme about an hun. Dzed yéres lince,and were called Scotidh iacks: ſuch armoz is light and defendue enough againt the force of Saluages. 28 Lanners, to tanne bides of Buffes, Dren, ec. in the 3ües where you lhall plant. 29 White Lawyers of all sther ſkinnes there. 30 men ſkilfull in burning of Sope alhes, and in making of E 2 36 Inſtru&tions for performance,&c. of Pitch, and Larre, and Kozen, to be fetched out of Pruſsia and Poland, which are thence to be bad foz (mall wages, ver ing there in maner of flaues. Che ſeuerall fozts of trás, as Pines, Firres, Spzures, Birch and others, are to be boared with great augers a fot oz halfe a yard aboue the ground, as they ble in Veſely towards Languedock and nåre Bayona in Gaſcoigne : and ſo you ſhall eally and quickly ſee what Gummes, Kozen, Lurpentine, Larre, og liquoz is in them, which will quickly diftill out clørely without any filthie iniţture, and will thew what com- moditie may be made of them : their godneſle and greatnelle foz mats is alſo to be confidered. 31 Aſkilfull painter is alſo to be caried with you, which the Spaniards vſed commonly in all tgeir diſcoucries to bring the deſcriptions of all beatts, birds, tithes, tres, townes, &c. A briefe 37 Tones A briefe note of the corne, fowles, fruits and beaſts of the Inland of Florida on the backeſide of Virginia, taken out of the 44 chapter of the diſco- uery of the ſaid countrey, begun by Fer- nando de Soto gouernour of Cuba, in the yeere of our Lord 1539. ceea WOD He bread which they eat in all the land of Flo- rida, is of Maiz, which is like to courſe willet. And in all the jüands and Weſt Indies from the Antiles fozward there is this Maiz. Likewiſe in Florida there be many Wall- Cheir fruits. nuts, Plummes, Mulberies,& Czapes. They lowe their Maiz, and gather it, euery man his owne croppe. The fruits are common to all men, becauſe they grow abuns Dantly in the fields without planting 02 Dzelling. In the mountaines there grow Chełnuts; they are ſomewhat (mala ler than the Cheſtnuts of Spaine, which are called Collarínnas. From Rio Grande toward the wett , the walnuts are diffe. ring from the other; for they are ſofter and round like bullets. And from Rio Grande toward Puerto del Spirito Santo Ealt- ward, for the mot part they are harder. And the Drôs and Puts are like in fathion unto thoſe of Spaine. There is in all the countrey a fruit which groweth vpon an herbe 02 plant like to the herbe called Dogs-tongue, which the Indians doe ſowe. The fruit is like vnto the Peres Rial: it is of a very god Theſe may be rellify, and of a pleaſant taſte. Another herbe groweth in the the Tunas. fields, which beareth a fruit nåre the ground like to a Straw- berie, very pleaſant in tatte. The Plummes are oftwo fožts, red and gray, in fathion and bigneſle of walnuts, and haue thrée oz foure tones in them. Theſe are better than any in Spaine, and they make better Pzunes ofthem. The want of dzelling 38 The cominodities of the counrreys Chebeats Florida. dzeding is perceiued only in the Grapes: Which although they be great, yet they haue a great kernell. All the rett of the fruits are very perfect and lelle hurtfull than thoſe of Spaine. There are in Florida many Beares, Lions, Stags, Kol. bucks, Wutila-cats, and Conies. There bemang wild-hennes as bigge as Peacocks, ſmall Partridges like thoſe of Africa, Cranes,Ducks,Rolas, Black: birds, and Sparrowes. There be certeine Blacke birds big- ger than Sparrowes and lefler than Stares. There be boje-bauks, Ffaulcons, Colle-hauks, and all fowles ofpzay that are in Spaine. The indians are well pzopoztioned. Thoſe of the plaine countreys are taller of ftature, and better pzopoztioned than thoſe of the mountaines. Lhoſe of the Inland are better furs niſhed with cozne and wealth of the countreg,than thoſe of the ſea coalt. The countrey on the ſea coat toward the gulfe of Mexico is barren and pure, and the people moze warrelike. The coal beareth from Puerto del Spirito Santo vnto Apa- lache,and from Apalache to Rio de Palmas almofit from Cat to Welt ; from Rio de Palmas vnto Noua Hi- ſpania it runneth from poath to South. It is a gentle coaſt, but it hath many fyolds and banks oj thelues of land. A Noct of Florida and Virginia. 39 3 A Note of ſuch commodities as are found in Florida next adioining unto the South part of Virgi- nia,taken out of the deſcription of the ſaid countrey, written by Mounſieur Rene Landonniere , who inhabited there two Som- mers and one winter. We countrey of Florida is flat, and diuided with Chetrees of diuers riuers, and therefoze moitt, and is ſandy Florida. T towards the ſea-hode. There groweth in thoſe parts great quantia tie of Pyne frees, which haue no kernels in the apples that they beare. Their wods are full of Dakes, Walnut trees,blacke Chers rie trás,mulberie frées, Lentiſkes which yáld matticke, and Chettnut frås, which are moze wilde than thoſe of France. There is great those of Cedars, Cypzelles, Baies, Palme frás, Grapes: Chere is there a kinde of gedlars, the fruit Good Gjapes whereof is better then that of France, and bigger. There are alſo Plumme tres, which beare very faire fruit , but ſuch as is not very god. There are Kafpefres, and a little bery which we call a- mong bs Blues, which are very god to eat. here grow in that countrey a kinde of Kutes, which they call in their language Hazes, whereof in necellitie they make bread There is alſo the tree called Eſquine, (which I take to be the Sallafras) which is very god againữ the pocks and other contagious diſeaſes. The Beatts bett knowen in this countrey are atagges, The Beats of Florida Roes, Dære, Coates, Leopards, Dwnces, Lucernes, diuers ſozts of WWølues, wilde Dogges, Bares, Connies and a cer- teing 40 The commodities of the countrey teine kinde of beađ that differeth little from the Lion of A- fricke. The Fowles The Fowles are Turkie Cocks, Partridges , Perrots, of Florida. Pigeons , Kingdoues, Lurtles, Blacke birds, Crowes, Parcels, Fauicons, Leonards, Herons, Cranes, Stokes, wilde Gále, gallards, Commojants, Hernelhawes, white, red, blacke,and gray, and an infinit rozt of all wilofoule. There is ſuch aboundance of Crocodiles, that oftentimes in ſwimming, men are ațailed by them: Df ferpents there are many ſozts. Bold and There is found among the Wauages 'god quantitie of Siluer. Bold and Siluer, which is gotten out of the ſhips that are lote vpon the coaft : Peuertheletre they ſay that in the mountains of Apalatcy, there are mines of Copper, which 3 thinke to be Bola. Stoje ofdies and colours There is alſo in this countrey, great ttoze of Graines and Herbes, whereof might be made excellent god dies and pain, tings of all kinde of colours. They lowe their maiz o2 Cone twice a yére, to wit, in Qarch and in June: and all in one and the ſame foile: The fatd apaiz from the time that it is lowed,vnto the time that it is gathered,is but the moneths in the ground. They haue als ſo faire Pumpions and very god Beanes: They haue cer Dile in Florida, teine kinds of oile, wherewith they uſe to annoint them ſelues. Pc ene A of Florida and Virginia. Abriefc extract of the merchantable commo- dittes found in the South part of Virginia, ann.1585. and 1586. Gathered out of the learned worke of maſter Thomas Herriot , which was there remaining the ſpace of ele- uen moneths. ilke of Gjalle, 02 Gratle-filke, the like where- of groweth in Perſia, whereof 3 haue féene god Beograine made. Wrozme-tilke. Flare and Hempe. allom. Wapeih a kinde of earth ſo called by the naturall inhabis tants, very like to Terra Sigillata, and by ſome of our Phyfiti- ons found more effectuall. Pitch, Larre, Rozen, and Turpentine: there are thoſe kinds oftræs that yâld them aboundantly and in great toze. Safafras, called by the inhabitants Wynauk: of whoſe foueraigne and manifold vertues, reade Monardes the Phiſto cian of Sivile, in his boke entituled in Engliſh: The ioyfull newes from the Weſt Indies. Cedar. Wines oftwo loats. Dile: there are two fojts of Wall-nuts, both holding oile. Furthermoge, there are thrá ſeuerall kindes of Berries, in the fo2me of Dake Aconnes, which alſo by the experience and vſe of the inhabitants , we finde to påld very gad and ſwete Dile. There are allo Beares, which are commonly very fat, and in ſome places there are many, their fatnelle becauſe it is ſo liquid, may well be termed Dyle, and hath many ſpeciall bfes. Ffurres 42 The commodities of the countreys Furres. Dttars, warternes,and Lucernes. Døreſkinnes. Ciuet Cattes. Stron. Copper. The fozelaio Copper, we alſo found by triall to bold Siluer Pearle. Dne of our company, a man of ſkill in ſuch mats fers, had gathered together from the auages, aboue fiue thouſand. Swet Gummes of diuers kinds, and many other Apothe. cary bzugs. Dies of Diuers kinds. There is Shoemake, well knowen and vſed in England fo: blacke; the fød of an herbe called Walebur, little ſmall rotes called Chappacor, and the barke of a tré called by the inhabi: tants, Tangomockonomindge, which Dies are fo, diuers fozts of red. Commodities in Virgina, knowen to yeeld viatuals. Pagatowe o3 Mays, which is fheir principall cozne . Wickonzour,called by bs Peaſe. Macocquer, called by os, Pompions, spellons, Gourds. An herbe which in Datch is called Melden, being a kinde of Dzage,&c. An berbe in fozme of a Parigold, tre føt in height, taken to be Planta Solis. Vppowoc, 02 Jabacco, of great eltimation among the sa- uages Rootes. Penauck, a kinde of Kotes of round forme, as bigge as Wall-nuts, ſome farre greater. Monardes calleth them Beades,o2 Pater noftri of Sancta Helena , and matter Brereton Gound puts. Okeepenauk, are Hotes of round Thape found in die grounds of Florida and virginia. 43 grounds, the inhabitants vſe to boile and eat many offhem. Tlinawga kinde of Rote much like into that which in Enge land is called the China Kote, brought from the Eat Indies. Cofcuſhaw, a Rote taken to be that which the Spaniards in the WWeft Indies, doe call Caffauy. Habaſcon, a Kote of hot tatte, almost of the forme and big neffe of a Parínep. Läkes differing little from ours in England. Fruites. Hettnuts there are indiuers places great toje , vſed dia uers waies foz fod. Walnuts there are two kinds, and of them infinit tone in many places, where are very great wods fo: many miles tos gether, the third part of the trees are Walnut trés, they vſe them foz meate, and make a milke of them of verie pleaſant tate,and holeſome. Bedlers a kinde of very god fruit, they are as redas chere ries, and very luthous (wef. Mutaqueſunnauk, a kinde of pleaſant fruit', almott of the Theſe plants thape and bignefle of Engliſh Peares, but they are of a pers Lunas alco, fedt red colour, as well within as without, they grow on a whereof there plant whoſe leaucs are very thicke and full of pzickles, as that which ſharpe as nécdles: fome, which have bene in Noua Hiſpania, beareth no fruit bzingeth where they haue låne that kinde ofred Die ofercéding great fooith the price, which is called Cochenile,to grow,do defcribe his plant Cochenile. right like unto this of Mutaqueſunnauk: howbeit the Coches nile is not the fruit, but a graine found on the leaues of the plant, and ſtricken off vpon thætes and dried in the ſunne. Grapes there are of two lozts, which I mentioned in the merchantable commodities. Strawberies there are as god and as great as in any Eng- liſh garden.- Mulberies, gu Apple-crabbes, ont ſuch as we haue in England. tid gurts, o: Yurtleberies, SC Sacquenommener a kinde of berries almoft like vnto Cat pers but rongwhat greater, which grow together in cluſters vpon 44 The commodities of the countreys bpon a plant o2 bearbe that is found in Thollow waters, being boiled eight oz nine houres accoding to their kinde, are very god ineat and hollome, otherwiſe if they be eaten, they will make a man foz the time franticke oz extremely ficke. A Red which beareth a lød almoit like vuto our Rie oz uwheat and being boiled is god ineat. in our trauelis in ſome places, we found wilde Peaſe like unto ours in England, but that they were lelle, which are alſo god meat. Akind of Berry like vnto an Scorne,of flue iosts, growing on feuerall kindes of trés : the one fozt is called Sagatemener, the ſecond , Olamener, thethird Pummuckoner. the inhabi- tants vſe to dry them vpon hurdles like salt in England. when they uſe them, they firt water them till they be ſoft and then being ſod, they make loues of bread of them.of theſe thzee kindes alſo the inhabitants doe vſe to make ſwæt oile. The fourth fogt is called Sapummener, which being boiled D2 perched be like ynto rotted Cheſnuts ; of this fozt they make bead allo. The fift ſozt is called Mangummenauk, the very Acozne of their kind of Dake; being dzied as thereft, and after watered, they boile them, and their ſeruants, and ſomtimes the chiefe themſelues eate them with their fith and fleſh. 007697 Beaſts. De Cere, vp into the countrey very great , and in ſome plae ces,great troze. mars Conies,of a gray colour like vnto bares: they make mante fles ofthe furre o2 flue of their ſkinnes. Saquenuckotand Maquowoc, two kindes of ſmall beat's greater then Conies, which are very god meat. Squirels, which are of a gray colour, webaue taken and eaten. Beares, which are of blacke colour. They are geb meat. and being hunted they climbe up into tres and are killed by the Saluages with their arrowes, and ſometimes by vs with our Caliuers. The Lion is ſometimes killed by the baluages and eaten. Wuolues of Florida and Virginia. 45 udiwlues o2 uoluith dogges. 3 baue the names of eight and twenty fozts of beatis dil perſed in the maine, of which their are onely twelue kindes by osas yet Diſcouered. Fowle TE Urkie cocks and Lurkiehennes,Stock-boues and par. triges, Cranes, hernes, and in WWinter great (toze of Wannes, and Gåſe. There are allo Parrots, Falcons,and gg arlin haukes. Dfallfozts of foules 3 have the names in the countrey lan- guage of fo Wzeſcoze and fire. Fish. Targians, Verrings, Porpoiles, Lroutes, Kages, Dld- wiues, Mullets,Plaiceand very many other fozts of very sadzone ercellent fich. Seacrabs,Differs,great,ſmall round, long:9uſcles, Scanders lops, Periwincles, and Creuiles, Seekanauk,a kinde of cruffie thell-filh, which is gwd meate, about a fot in bzedih, hauing a cruxy taile, many legges like a Crabbe, and her eyes in her backe. Lhey are found in tal- lowes of water, and ſometimes on the ſhoze. Tortoiſes both ofland and ſea kinde ; they are very god meate and their egges allo: SNO F 3 Certeine DO The commodities of the countreys I take theſe to be the peo- ple toward Cibola, clad in mantels of cotte!r. Certaine briefe teſtimonies touching ſundry rich mines of Gold, Siluet, and Copper, in part found and in part conſtantly heard of, in North Florida , and the Inland of the Maine of Vrginia, and other countreys there vnto on the North part neere adioining, gathered out of the works, all (one excepted) extant in print, offuch as were perſonall trauellers in thoſe countries the ſecond relation of laques Cartier the 12 chapter he repozteth that he ondertiod by Donnacona the king of the countrey, and os thers, that to the Southwelt of Canada there are people clad with cloth as the French were, very honelt, and many inhabited townes, and that they baue great toze of Gold and red Copper,&c. in the diſcouery of the Inland of Florida farre to the poath begun by Fernando de Soto, gouernour of Cuba in the våre 1539. (and to be ſeene in paint in the hands of water Rich- ard Hackluyt) The Indians in many places farredittant the one from the other gaue them often and certaine aduertiles ment, that beyond the mountaines pouthward there were mines of Gold at a place called by them Chiſca, and ſome ſhewed the maner which the Indians vred in refining the fame. This place in mine opinion cannot be farre from the great riuer that falleth into the Southweſt part of the Bay of Chefepioc. The Indians enfozmed sounfieur Rene Laudonniere in Florida, that there were mincs ofred mettall, which they call in their language Sieroa Pira, in the mountaines of Apalatcy, which vpon triall made thereof by the French was found per: fea Gold, as appeareth Pagina 352. In the third volume of the Englith voiages, and in the ſame relation there is very of ten 3 of Florida and Virginia. 47 $ fen mention of Siluer and excellent perfect and faire perles found by the french in thoſe parts. In the late diſcouerie of New Mexico made by Antonio de Elpeio on the backe fide of Virginia ertant in Spanith ano Englith in the third volume of the Cngliſh voyages paginis 303. &c. there is mention of rich Siluer mines (and ſome times of Golo in aboundance) eleuen o2 twelue times found as they frauelled spothward, by men very ſkilfull in mines rall matters, which went in the voyage foz that purpoſe. The large deſcription and chart of which voyage containing great numbers of townes and diuers great riuers diſcouered in that adion made in Mexico by Franciſco Xamuſcado 1; 8; being intercepted afterward by the Englith at lea, we haue in Lon- don to be thewed to ſuch as thall haue occation to make ble of the ſame. The confiant report of many of the Saluages to the wo34 fyipfull matter Ralfe Lane then gouernour of the Engliſh cos lonie in Virginia of the rich mine of Waſſador 02 Gold at a place by them named Chaunis T emoacam, twentie daies iour, ney ouerland from the Mangoaks, fet downe by himſelfe af large in the firti part of his relation of the ſaid countrey of Vir- ginia,eftant in the third volume of the Englily voyages pagi- na 258. is much to be regarded and confidered by thoſe that intend to profecute this new enterpzife of planting here onto thole parts. could giue large infozniation of the rich copper mine in the tat üde ofthe Bay of Menan within 30 02 40. leagues to the south weli of Cape Breton , Whereof 3 myſelfe haue léene avoue an hundzed pieces of the copper, and haue fyewa ed ſome part thereof to diuers knightes of qualitie , as al- lo of Salt as god as that of Buruage in France, found nére that Bay, and could make pzofe of the tettimonie of the Sale uages touching a silaer mine in another Bay within two oz thrá leagues to the weſt ofthe aforeſaid 1Bay of Menan : but reſerue a furtherrelation hereof to a moze conuenient time and place. Pfit pleaſe any man to read the Summarie of Gonſaluo de Ouiedo ertant in part in the Engliſh decads, ofthe voyage of Sebaſtian Cabote along this coat of Virginia and Norum- F 4 bega: 7 48 The commodities of the countreys,&c. bega: And the thout relation of Iohn de Verarſana, which ran, ged the ſaid coatt long after him in the yere 1524. which is allo to be féene in the third volume of the Engliſh voyages pa- gine 298, he ſhall finde often mention of rich minerals and doze ofercellent copper , which ſo long agoe they faw among the saluages, they being the firtt knowen Chaitians that euer faw thoſe calls. So that it were moze then wilful mabneffe to doubt of rich mines to be in the afozes ſaid countreys. 2 FINIS. 1602 С. Brereton, John Br Bees