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GRAPHIC SKETCHES
FROM
OLD AND AUTHENTIC WORKS,
ILLUSTRATING
THE COSTUME, HABITS, AND CHARACTER,
OF THE
ABORIGINES OF AMERICA:
ToGETHER WITH
RARE AND CURIOUS FRAGMENTS RELATING TO THE DISCOVERY AND
SETTLEMENT OF THE COUNTRY.
N E W Y O R K :
PUBLISHED BY J. & H. G. LANGLEY,
No. 57 CHATHAM stEEET.
1841.

Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1840, by
J. S. REDFIELD,
In the Clerk's office of the District Court of the Southern District of New York.

PR E FA C E.
A want has been long felt and acknowledged of a
work, that may come within the means of every one, on
the subject of the Manners, Habits and Personal Appear-
ance of the aborigines of our country, at the time of its
discovery and settlement by the hardy adventurers that
planted civilization on its shores, and began a new vol-
ume in the history of the world.
The great scarcity that the lapse of two centuries has
occasioned, of contemporary works, and the changes in
character and habits that were so suddenly introduced
among them as the coming of the white man, have been
the cause of many prevalent errors, that begin to wear
the appearance of truth, and we have learned to regard
the Indian through a lens of our own contrivance.
It may be well imagined with what feelings of inter-
est and curiosity, the old regarded the developement of
the character and resources of the new world; how
eagerly they crowded about the bold navigators that had
returned from its shores, and sought the discourse and

4. PREFACE.
page that could tell its wonders. Books were demand-
ed, and they were produced, with every advantage and
embellishment that enterprise and money could procure.
As the bewildered traveller often finds his way most
readily by retracing his steps, we turn to these venera-
ble volumes, that are now only to be met with in rare
collections, and placed out of sight and beyond the
reach of the great mass of readers, as the surest sources
of information. -
In the course of a laborious research among these
old volumes, a valuable portfolio of drawings has been
made from the engravings they contain, illustrating the
early history of America; the habits, costume, and
character of the aborigines; the navigators by whom
it was discovered ; and the first colonists; which it is
the purpose of this publication to present in a form suffi-
ciently concise, and at a cost within the means of all;
for which it could only be executed by our peculiar
good fortune in having the labor of years thus placed
at once in our hands.
We trespass, knowingly, on no preoccupied ground.
An actual want of such information as these sketches
so admirably convey, has induced the undertaking,
which will be continued with such energy as the ap-
probation of the public and its support may warrant;
thus laying the foundation of a useful and valuable
depository of information connected with, and illustra-
ting the early history of our country.
New York, Jan. 1st, 1841. The PUBLISHERs.

G R A P H I C S K E T C H E S.
PART I,
THE NATIVES OF VIRGINIA,
By J O H. N. W. Y.T. H.
- -
1 585–1588.





INTRODUCTION.
From the first collection of voyages published at Wi-
cenza, in Italian, in the year 1507, under the title of
“the New World and Countries newly discovered by
Albericus (Americus) Vesputius”—to the close of that
century, there are none that bear a comparison with the
admirable work of De Bry; especially on account of
the many illustrations it contains, derived from the most
authentic sources that it was possible to reach. Be-
fore that, nothing in this way, with the exception of a
few rude wood cuts in the work of Ranusio (1550) had
appeared. -
Theodore De Bry possessed within himself, every
requisite for the achievement of the great undertaking.
in which he embarked, being not only one of the most
skilful engravers of his time, but largely engaged as a
bookseller and publisher at Frankfort-on-the-Main,
where he spent most of his days, and where, either on
his own account, or in connexion with his sons John
Theodore, and John Israel, he produced and published

S INTRODUCTION.
a great number of plates and illustrated works. He
was born at Liége in 1528 and died in 1598.
In 1587 he made a visit to England, and there obtain-
ed, through the influence and advice of Richard Hack- -
lyt, the celebrated compiler of voyages, the original
drawings representing the inhabitants of the new world,
that he afterwards engraved and published in his own
great work, and which have always been considered
the most valuable and authentic illustrations of the sort
in existence.
The undertaking was that of a man of enlarged views;
and its successfully proved, not only the soundness of
his judgment, but the great skill with which he carried
out his plan. The collection was at once put to pressin
Latin, French and German. There is reason to believe
he contemplated an English edition, but it was never
carried beyond the first part, which he published in
1591. The French edition never went beyond the first,
or at most the second part, and the Latin and German
editions are all that were completed; and they, from
the detached manner in which they were published are
extremely rare, and seldom to be met with in a complete
form. The first part appeared in 1590, and six others
followed during his life. After his death, his sons,
in connexion with Meriam, the engraver, and Fitzer,
the publisher, who married his daughters, continued the
publication which seems to have become truly the pat-
rimony of the De Bry family, who from the resources

INTRODUCTION. 9
-
and union they possessed among themselves were ena-
bled to carry out the design that had been left to them,
in the full tide of successful experiment.
The first part of the collection of De Bry is one in
which we, as Americans, are most deeply interested, as
it relates to the Aborigines of Virginia, a general title
then given to a vast, unknown and undefined extent of
country, claimed by England on the Continent of North
America.
The Engravings representing the inhabitants of Vir-
ginia, have no direct reference to the subject matter of
the original work, which consists of a Discourse or
Memorial addressed to the Promoters and Protectors of
the newly established colony at Roanoak island, in the
present state of North Carolina, which of itself is very
concise, and loses much of its interestin our day from the
fact, that the nursling, for whom the author so earnestly
pleads, has long since grown to a vigorous and healthful
manhood, and, like most outcast and persecuted children,
is likely to prove the Joseph of the family. In the de-
velopement of the resources and products of the country
there is much information to interest the botanist and
the naturalist. But, it would so far exceed the limits
to which we are restricted, to go into a subject that would
lead us page by page to a volume, that may be better
supplied by abler hands, that with a few leading mem-
oranda and dates, we shall at once begin the series of
illustrations of the habits, costumes and manners of the
- 2

10 INTRODUCTION.
Aborigines, which we have copied: leaving the materials
we have thus collected to the student, antiquarian,
artist, and historian, to make of them such use as they
may think proper.
An increasing interest seems to have been kept alive
in England, in the work of discovery, by the successful
return of her navigators, bringing news of hitherto un-
known lands and promises and hopes of greater achieve-
ments, and still greater access of dominion to her crown.
But, notwithstanding Sebastian Cabot had a century
before, to use the phrase of an old writer, “ranged the
greater part of the unknown world” under the flag and
commision of a British Sovereign, it was not until 1584
that serious efforts were made to establish a colony on
its shores, and to take actual possession.
In that year “Queen Elizabeth granted letters patent
to Sir Walter Raleigh, for the discovering and planting
new lands and countries, not actually possessed by any
christian;” who associating with him Sir Richard Gren-
ville, and divers other gentlemen and merchants, equip-
ped two vessels immediately; which they placed under
the command of Captain Philip Amidas, and Captain
Barlow, who sailed from the Thames on the twenty-
seventh day of April, taking the southerly route by the
Canaries and West Indies.
On the second of July they fell in with the coast of
Florida in shoal water; where they were greeted with
a “most delicate sweet smell, though they saw no land,”

INTRODUCTION. 11
which ere long they spied, and coasted along it for a
hundred and twenty miles, without finding any harbour.
The first that appeared they entered with much difficul-
ty, and anchored. Then returning thanks to God, they
landed and took possessioninthe Queen's name. They
found their landing place sandy and low, “but so full
of grapes, that the very surge of the sea sometimes over-
flowed them : of which they found such plenty in all
places, both in the sand, the green soil and the hills, as
in the plains; as well on every little shrub as also climb-
ing toward the top of high cedars, that they did think
in the world were not the like abundance.” The place
where they landed proved to be anisland called Wokokon.
For three days after their arrival they saw none of
the inhabitants. On the third day three of them ap-
peared in a little boat, one of whom suffering himself to
be taken without resistance, came boldly on board
the vessel, and was dismissed with presents with which
he seemed well pleased.
The next day came many boats, and in one of them
the king's brother with forty or fifty men, “proper peo-
ple, and in their behaviour very civil.” His name was
Granganameo, they called their king Wingina, and their
country Wingandacoa. Leaving his boats at a short
distance from the ships, he came with his train to the
point, where spreading a mathe sat down. Though the
strangers came to him armed, he evinced no fear or dis-
trust, stroking his head and breast and theirs also with

12 INTRODUCTION.
his hand in sign of peace and friendship. He then ad-
dressed them in a long speech, and accepted the pres-
ents offered him. He was greatly regarded by his peo-
ple, for all stood in silence but four, on whom presents
were also bestowed, but he took them away, and made
signs to indicate that every thing belonged to him.
The king himself was absent, in consequence of
wounds he had received in a recent battle.
Granganameo repeated his visits, came on board the
ships with confidence, and brought with him his wife
and children. They were of mean stature, but well
favored and bashful. She had a long coat of leather,
and about her forehead a band of white coral, and so
had her husband: in her ears were strings of pearls
hanging down to her middle, of the size of large peas;
the rest of the women had pendents of copper, and the
noblemen five or six in each ear. His apparel was sim-
ilar to that of his wife, only the women wear their hair
long on both sides, and the men on one. Their hair is
black, but there were seen children having it of a light
chesnut color.
On one of their visits, Granganameo took a great
fancy for a pewter dish, that so pleased him that he gave
twenty deer skins for it, and hung it about his neck in
great pride. For a copper kettle he gave fifty deer
skins. For an armour he would have given a bag of
pearls, but the English affected an indifference to their
value, in order to ascertain the place from whence they

INTRODUCTION. 13
were derived. He was just to his promise, ever came
true to his appointed time, and daily sent presents of
game and fruits. -
From thence a party proceeded in exploring the
neighboring coast, and landed at the island of Roanoak,
where ultimately the location of a colony was fixed.
In 1586 another expedition was undertaken, under
the command of Grenville, at the expense of a company
formed for the support of the colony, but with the most
unfortunate results, and Sir Francis Drake having sailed
along the coast of Virginia, was prevailed upon by the
colonists to take them back to England.
Efforts were renewed in 1587, by Sir Walter Raleigh
and Sir Richard Grenville, for the reestablishment of
the colony, and under these circumstances one of the
English, who had made the voyage to Virginia, address-
ed the discourse to the company which De Bry has em-
bodied in his work. It was evidently written to do
away with the prejudices that had been excited against
the country, by the disappointed men who had returned,
awakened from their golden dreams, by a reality that
they may have painted in its darkest colors, by way of
apology for their own instability. It was printed orig-
inally in London, in the year 1588. -
In former expeditions to Virginia, an English painter
by the name of John Wyth had been sent by Queen
Elizabeth to draw the topography, and represent from
mature, the form of person of the inhabitants, their

14 INTRODUCTION,
clothing, customs, and manner of living. These Theo-
dore De Bry procured in his visit to England, in 1587,
engraved and published in the first part of his great
work, in 1590. From the Latin edition of which we
have copied, in outline, the illustrations, as best adapted
to indicate with distinctness the forms and details of
objects in the first place, and in the next we are thus
enabled to bring our publication within the means of
every school and library, public and private, in the coun
try.
To those who have formed their ideas of the costume
and habits of the Indians from what they are, rather
than what they were; before the arts of civilized life had
placed within their reach the means of personal decora-
tion; and its vices and passions taught them the shame
of nakedness, these representations may seem unreal;
but executed as they were originally, from personal ob-
servation, and engraved and published to the world in the
face of so many living witnesses of their truth, the pre-
sumption in their favor is sufficiently strong to challenge
any objection we may urge against their authenticity,
after having stood the scrutiny of more than two centu-
ries. Among the Indians of the many little villages
about Roanoak, the moccasin, the leggin, and the ample
cloak of fur or skin, seem to have been used by old men
alone, and then only as a protection from the partial
winter of their mild climate. The simplicity of their

INTRODUCTION. 15
wants, their lives and habits taught them no other re-
quirements for clothing.
If further evidence were requisite to establish the
truth of the designs of Wyth, the fact of their having
been so often copied in other works might be mention-
ed, and a long list of witnesses brought forward in their
defence; but it is deemed unnecessary, and we at once
proceed to the task we have undertaken, in the confi-
dence that our labors will meet the approbation of the
American public, to whom they are respectfully ded-
icated. -
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PORTRAITS TO THE LIFE
MANNERS OF THE INHABITANTS,
- or THAT PROVINCE In
AMERICA,
CALLED
VIRGINIA:
IN CHARGE OF THE HONOURABLE GENTLEMAN, SIR WALTER RALEIGH,
KNIGHT AND STEWARD OF THE STANNARIES IN CORNWALL AND
EXETER, BY LICENCE AND AUTHORITY GRANTED IN THE
YEAR 1585, FoR THE Gover NMENT of THE NEw
PROVINCES, BY THE MOST SERENE
QUEEN OF ENGLAND
ELIZABETH.
ºpe tubole carefully erttuttu am ºratum to the ſite, by 30%N ºgºg,
sent fortſ to that probince in the years 1585 to 1588, aftermarus cm-
grated on copper, and first published tº ºffeomore jºe 33rp, 1590.
NEW YORK;
PUBLISHED BY J. & H. G. L.A. NG LEY.

1841,



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PL. A. T E 1.

THE ARRIVAL OF THE ENGLISH IN
VIRGINIA.
THE coast of Virginia abounds with islands that renº
der the approach to it both difficult and hazardous; for,
although the inlets are numerous, they are extremely
shallow and it was not until after repeated trials that we
could find one affording a safe entrance, which is now
well known, however, to the English. Having passed
the inlet, we discovered a large river which we were un-
able to enter in consequence of the sand drifted across
its mouth by the tides, and continued our course to a
large island, the inhabitants of which, as soon as they
perceived us, raised a loud and terrible yell, as if they had
never seen men the like of us before, betaking themselves


to flight, and howling like so many wild furious beasts.
But, by exhibiting the presents we had with us, such
as knives, beads, looking-glasses and the like, they soon
grew more friendly, and on being satisfied of our pacific
intentions made us welcome. We were conducted to
their town called Roanoak and then to their Weronance,
or chief, who received us kindly, although much suprised
by our appearance.
Such was our coming into that part of the new world
which we call Virginia: the personal appearance, cos-
tume, habits, feasts and ceremonies of whose inhabitants
we shall severally present to view.












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PLATES 2, and 3.
A CHIEF, OR PRINCE, IN VIRGINIA.
In this fashion the Virginian Chiefs, or Princes, shew
themselves in public. Their hair is forced backward,
and collected in a knot over the ear, except that on the
crown of the head it is cropped, and made to stand up
in a crest, like the comb of a cock, where it is ornament-
ed with a bright colored feather, and two smaller ones
are placed at each side. They hang in their ears rude
pearls, or such ornament as they may fancy, the foot of
a bird or such like. They tattoo or paint their foreheads,
cheeks, arms, legs and bodies, and hang about their
necks, strings of rough pearls, or beads of copper of their
own manufacture, as well as bracelets on their wrists.
On their chests may be observed the scars of wounds
inflicted on themselves, to produce a discharge of blood
in time of sickness. A finely dressed skin covers their
loins, with the tail left to hang behind, to which they
attach their quiver, made of bulrushes tied together.
Thus with a bow in one hand and an arrow in the other,
they are prepared for defence.
In this costume they go to war, or attend certain an-
nual ceremonies or feasts. They are fond of hunting
the deer with which the country abounds, for it is
pleasant, fruitful, and well wooded. In the rivers are
found fish of various kinds.
In preparing for war they paint themselves in the
most horrible manner possible.






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PLATE 4.

NOBLE WOMAN OF SEC OTA. N.
THE women of Secotan are well enough formed.
When they walk abroad they carry their arms folded,
and are dressed in a finely tanned skin reaching from
the waist nearly to the knees, the rest of the person is
naked. Their hair is cut short in front, parted and
thrown back, falling thinly over the shoulders, and kept
together by a sort of coronet. Their foreheads, cheeks,
arms and legs are tattooed, and a sort of collar is tattooed
or painted about their necks. Small eyes, flat noses,
low foreheads, and large mouths are the prevailing char-
acteristics of their faces.
In their ears are hung long pearls, small bones well
polished, or such like trifles. The pearls, however, are
not so large as those worn by the women of Florida.
They are fond of strolling in the fields and along the
banks of the rivers, to watch the chace, or taking of fish.


- PLATE 5.
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PLATES 5, and 6.
PRIEST OF SEC OTAN.

THEIR priests are men advanced in years, and posses-
sed of superior knowledge to the rest. They have their
hair cropped and in a crest on the crown of the head,
in the general fashion; with the exception that it is
trimmed in front, like the rim of a hat. In their ears
are long drops. Their cloaks are made of soft skins
very finely dressed, with the hair outside. The rest of
their persons is naked. They are considered great con-
jurers, and resort much to the river to favor the sport of
shooting ducks, swans and other birds, with the bow and
arrow. -


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PLATE 7.
NOBLE GIRL OF SEC OT AN.
In Secotan the young girls of rank are dressed much
in the same fashion as the women before mentioned,
with the exception, that, instead of the collar tattooed or
painted about the neck, they wear a necklace of large
pearls intermixed with copper beads or bits of polished
bone.
They tatoo their cheeks, arms and legs; their hair is
cut in front in double folds and collected behind in a
knot, as represented; they are stout, with eyes expres-
sing much modesty, and they generally have their hands
on their shoulders. They amuse themselves, fishing in
the creeks and rivers.





PLATE 8.
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PLATES 8, and 9.
A CHIEF OF ROAN O A. K.
THE chief men of the island and town of Roanoak
wear their hair cropped, parted and in a crest like the
others; except that it is carried back and tied behind
like a woman's. They hang a string of pearls, or other
beads in use among them, from their ears, and have
bracelets of the same. They neither paint nor tattoo
their bodies, but as a token of rank and authority, sus-
pend by a string of beads about their neck a square
plate of copper on their breasts. A skin very finely
dressed and ornamented with fringe, etc., like the wo-
men, extends from the waist nearly to the knees. When
they walk abroad they carry their arms folded, with a
knowing air.
The island of Roanoak is pleasant and abounds with
fish,



º
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PLATE 10.
NOBLE M ATR ON OF POME IOC K.
About twenty miles from Roanoak island, near the
Lake of Paguippe, there is another town not far from
the sea, called Pomelock, in which the costume of the
better sort of women differs but little from those of
Roanoak. -
They wear their hair in a knot, like the young
women before represented; and are in like manner
tattooed. They hang around their necks four or five
strings of beads, in which one hand is slung; and gem-
erally carry in the other, a gourd filled with a sweet
sort of liquor. The skin worn by them is doubled and
extends nearly to the knees in front; the rest of their
persons being entirely naked.
It is truly pleasing to behold the native indians, now
wading along the shore, or running hither and thither
in their tranquil rivers, free from every solicitude for
the acquisition of riches for themselves, or their pos-
terity, content with their lot, and receiving a bountiful
supply of the few real wants of life, from the hand of
Providence.
In this only, the privation of a knowledge of God,
are they barbarians. -
----
|- |-




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PLATE-11.




P L.A. T E 11.
old MAN of Po MEIo CK.
(Winter Dress.) -
THE old men of Pomeiock are clothed in a large skin,
which gathered on the shoulder, hangs below the knees.
One arm is left bare for use. These skins are either
prepared with the fur on, or are lined with the soft fur
of some other animal.
The young men do not suffer their beards to grow,
but pluck it out as soon as it appears. Occasionally
among the old men a little beard may be seen, but it is
rare.-- - -
The country adjacent to Pomeiock is very fruitful
and pleasant, indeed, there is nothing in England to
compare with it. -




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woMEN of DA's AM on QUE PEUck.
(Manner of carrying their children.)
In the town of Dasamonguepeuck, four or five miles
from Roanoak, the women dress and tattoo themselves
much in the same manner as those in that place; ex-
cept that they have not bands or coronets about their
heads, and they do not tattoo their legs.
They have a remarkable manner of carrying their
children, as shewn in the picture.





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PLATE. 13.
A PRIEST OR CONJURER. .
THERE are common among them, certain Priests, or
conjurers, familiar with the devil; who, in their incan-
tations make most strange and unnatural gesticulations.
Their heads are shaven, except on the crown, where
it is in a crest like the rest, and they wear a bird above
the ear, as a symbol of their black art. They go naked
with the exception of a skin hung before, and kept up
by a string about the loins; to which is also suspended
a pouch, as represented. The natives have great faith
in their predictions which are often verified.
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PLATE. 14.
METHOD OF MA KING B O ATS
IN VIR GINIA.
THE method of making boats in Virginia is very re-
markable ; for, without iron or other tools, such as we
have, they make them not less convenient and suitable,
for navigating their rivers and fishing.
A tree being selected, of such size and height as they
desire, they surround it about the roots with a slow fire,
which being fed with chips and moss gradually burns
it off. The top and branches are in like manner burnt
off, and the thickness of the tree retained for the width
of the boat. It is then placed upon forks and cross-
pieces at a convenient height from the ground—the bark
being removed with shells, they retain the exterior entire
for the bottom of the boat, and on the other side, kindle
a fire the whole length of the log. After it is sufficient-
ly burnt they scrape away the charcoal with shells, re-
new the fire, and thus alternately by means of fire and
scraping, fashion their boats.


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PI, ATE 15.
FISHING IN VIRGINIA.
THE natives of Virginia have a curious method of
fishing, and supply the want of steel or iron by fixing
to the end of long poles or reeds, the horny tail of a
certain fish like a sea-crab with which, with wonderful
dexterity they spear fish either day or might.
They have another method of taking fish by means
of certain mats fixed in the water with sticks, like a
fence; which woven into a strait, gradually contracts
as shewn in the design. A more cunning trap for fish
is not known in England; of which many kinds are
found in the rivers in Virginia, and of very great
strength. -
It is truly pleasing to behold the native indians, now
wading along the shore, or running hither and thither
in their tranquil rivers, free from every solicitude for
the acquisition of riches for themselves, or their pos-
terity, content with their lot, and receiving a bountiful
supply of the few real wants of life, from the hand of
Providence.
In this only, the privation of a knowledge of God,
are they barbarians.
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PLATE 16.
WOOD EN R A C K S FOR COO KING
FIS H.
THE fish are carried to a convenient place, where
four forked sticks are driven into the ground, across
which others are laid as represented, and on these, the
fish are placed and the fire is lighted; but not as may
be perceived, in the same manner as is the custom with
the inhabitants of Florida.
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PLATE 17.
C O O KING IN E A R T H E N P OT S.
THE women make earthen pots of various shapes
with much art, as round and often well formed as if
they had come from a potter's wheel. These they
carry about and make much the same use of, as we do
in England of brazen vessels. Filled with water they
are placed upon the fire, and fruit, flesh, corn, etc,
thrown in and cooked together, forming a sort of sal-
magundi, which is laid upon platters, and served to the
assembly. They take their meals together, and with
commendable moderation. -
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PLATE. 18.
MANN E R OF EAT IN G.
In this fashion they take their meals —The women
on one side and the men on the other; seated in a cir-
cle on a rush mat, with a tray of boiled maize in the
midst, and other food, such as the flesh of deer, fish, &c.

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PLATE. 19.
THE so LEMN FEAST of FIRE.
- On the occasion of deliverance from dangers by
sea or land, or at the close of a war, they build a fire,
around which they seat themselves, men and women
together; and rejoice with singing and making a great
noise with a sort of rattle, formed of a dry gourd filled
with stones and having a stick run through it for a
handle; as I myself have witnessed and delineated, for
it is a rare thing and worthy of observation.




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PL. A. T E 2.0.
VI R, G IN IA N D A N C E A T A SO L E M N
F EA S T.
*
At a certain time in the year, a great and solemn
feast is celebrated, at which all the inhabitants of the
neighboring towns are collected, decorated in their out-
landish fashions, and having on their shoulders the
marks that designate the places of their nativity.
A large area is enclosed by posts rudely carved with
faces, around which they dance, sing and make the
most uncouth gesticulations, while three of their most
beautiful young women, with arms entwined, dance and
leap around together in the centre. This takes place
after sunset to avoid the heat; and, as one party be-
comes wearied, another succeeds, until they are ready
to assemble at the feast.
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PLATE 21.


PLATE 21.
TO WIN OF POME I O C K .
THE towns in Virginia are very like those of Florida,
not, however, so well and firmly built; and are enclosed
by a circular palisade with a narrow entrance.
In the town of Pomeiock, the buildings are mostly
those of the chiefs, and men of rank. On one side,
is the Temple (A) of a circular shape, apart from the
rest, and covered with mats on every side; without
windows, and receiving no light except through the
entrance. The residence of their chiefs (B) are con-
structed with poles fixed in the ground, bound together
and covered with mats, which are thrown off at pleasure,
to admit as much light and air as they may require.
Some are covered with the boughs of trees.
The natives, as represented in the plate, are indulging
in their sports. When the spring or pond is at a dis-
tance from the town, they dig a ditch from it that sup-
plies them with water.



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PLATE 22.
TO W N OF SEC OT A N.
SoME of their towns are not enclosed with a palisade
and are much more pleasant. Secotan, for example,
here drawn from mature:—Where the houses are more
scattered and a greater degree of comfort and cultiva-
tion is observable; with gardens in which tobacco (E)
is cultivated, woods filled with deer, and fields of corn.
In the fields they erect a stage, (F) in which a sentry
is stationed to guard against the depredations of birds
and thieves. Their corn they plant in rows, (H) for it
grows so large, with thick stock and broad leaves, that
one plant would stint the other and it would never arrive
at maturity, (g). They have also a curiºs place, (c)
where they convene with their neighbors at their feasts;
as more fully shown in plate 20, and from thence tº v go
to the feast, (D). On the opposite side is their place of
prayer, (B) and near to it the sepulchre of their chiefs,
(A) the interior of which will be shown in the following
plate. They have gardens for mellons, (I) and a place
(K) where they build their sacred fires. At a little
distance from the town is the pond, (L) from which they
obtain their supply of water.
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PLATE 23.
KIW As A THE ID ol.
THE Virginians have an idol which they call Kiwasa.
It is about four feet high, made of wood and its head is
reported to have been taken from the people of Florida.
The face is painted red, breast white, and the rest of
the body black. The legs are variegated with white.
Around the neck is suspended anecklace of white beads,
mixed with larger ones of copper; which they esteem
far more valuable than gold or silver.
This idol is placed in the temple at Secotan, as the
guardian of the dead bodies of their chiefs. Sometimes
they have two of these idols in their temples, never
more; and when seen in a gloomy place, by an uncer-
tain light, they are horrible objects. -
SEPULCHRES OF THEIR CHIEFS.
ON a platform nine or ten feet high, are placed the
dead bodies of their Weronans, or chiefs; after having
removed the bowels and fleshy parts, which are dried
and enclosed in boxes at the feet of the skeletons, over
which the skin is replaced. Above them is seen their
guardian Kiwasa, and beneath, the habitation of the
priest, who, might and day, mutters prayers and watches
the dead.


PLATE 24.
MARKS OF CERTAIN WARRIOR S.
THE greater part of the natives of the provinces have
marks on their shoulders indicating the place to which
they belong. Thus:— -
A. The mark of Wingina, a chief of Roanoak.
B. A kinsman of Wingina.
C and D. Marks of certain Braves of Secotan.
E. F. and G. Men of note in Pomeiock and Aquas-
kogock. -






PART Second will contain the designs of LE
MOYNE, a painter of Dieppe, who was commissioned
on the expedition of LAUDONNIER to Florida in
1564, for the purpose of delineating the topography
and people of the country, and may probably exceed
fifty plates,








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C-
lº'ſ
º
ºple ºketches ſºon all and º, thentic
ºf works. -
WILLIAM LCLEMENTS
LIBRARY OF
AMERICAN HISTORY
UNIVERSITY/MICHIGAN ||